Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology, 27 (1): 141–144. June 30, 2021.

Notes on the Little-known Assassin Bug, breviptera Ren (Heteroptera: : )

Kyosuke OKUDA1),2) and Zhuo CHEN3) 1) CTI REED Co., Ltd. Kamikisaki1-14-6 Urawa-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama, 330-0071 Japan. E-mail: [email protected] 2) Saitama Museum of National History (External researcher: ), Nagatoro 1417-1, Nagatoro, Saitama, 369-1305 Japan. 3) Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.

Abstract The little-known assassin bug, Pygolampis breviptera Ren, 1981, is re-diagnosed, with redescription of previously unknown female. And Pygolampis breviptera is recorded in Vietnam for the first time. Photos of specimens are provided for easy recognition of this species.

Introduction Taxonomy Consisting of approximately 115 genera and more than Pygolampis breviptera Ren, 1981 720 species worldwide (Ishikawa and Miyamoto, 2012), (Figs. 1–15) Stenopodainae is the fifth largest subfamily in Reduviidae. Members of this subfamily are characterized by prominent Pygolampis brevipterus Ren, 1981: 177, 184; Maldonado mandibular plates, a well-developed antennal scape with 1990: 529, catalogue. pedicels and flagellomeres often folded backward under it, and Pygolampis breviptera: Kerzhner, 1992: 53; Putshkov P. V. & the large pentagonal or hexagonal cell in the corium (Ishikawa Putshkov V. G. 1996: 220, catalogue. and Miyamoto, 2012; Weirauch et al., 2014). Many species of Stenopodainae are cryptically brown in color and appear to be Specimens examined. [Vietnam] 1 male, Lai Chau, Pa closely associated with the soil. Most species are known from Ham, Ban Phieng Dot, 330 m, 27-V-1998, T. Kishimoto leg. collections made using light traps, although their biology is (NSMT). [China] 1 female, Xizang, Motuo, Hanmi, 2200 m, still almost unknown (Schuh and Weirauch, 2020). 14-VIII-2005, L. Tang leg. (CAU); 1 female, Xizang, Motuo, Pygolampis Germer, 1817 is the second largest genus in the Bolonggong, 12-IV-2013, J. Wang & Y. Ji leg. (CAU). Stenopodainae, with 92 species described so far. Pygolampis Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from the is cosmopolitan. The Ethiopian and Oriental regions are other congeners by the following characters: antennal scape especially species-rich, with approximately 43 and 31 species about 1.45 (male) / 1.35 (female) times as long as head; known, respectively, whereas only seven are reported from antennal segment with short suberect setae about 0.4 times the New World (Maldonado, 1990; Tomokuni and Cai, 2003; as long as diameter of scape; length of pronotum less than Gupta and Kauntey, 2007; Swanson and Chordas, 2018). This 1.5 times of its width across humeral angles; humeral angles genus can be distinguished from most other Stenopodainae of pronotum almost not elevate, obtuse; midpart of posterior genera by the ventrally unarmed anterior femora, and the first margin of pronotum yellowish; lateral margin of thorax visible rostral segment being longer than the second and third covered with yellowish short hair; anterior propleural spines segments combined (Tomokuni and Cai, 2003). thick, acute, curved upward, its length subequal to width of The subject of the present paper is to re-diagnose the single eye (Figs. 7, 8); posterior femora exceeding apex of little-known assassin bug species, P. breviptera Ren, 1981, abdomen; abdomen relatively broad; posterolateral angles which was originally described based only on the single of 7th abdominal segment angulated, apices rounded. All male holotype. To date, this species has not been recorded the known specimens of this species are brachypterous, with from outside Xizang and has been known from only males. apices of hemelytra not exceeding 5th tergite of abdomen. Pygolampis breviptera is newly recorded in Vietnam and the Description of male genitalia. Pygophore (Fig. 9) female of this species is described herein for the first time. rectangular-shaped oval, anterior ventral surface granulated; median process (Fig. 10) short, robust, leaning forward. Phallus (Figs. 11, 12) oval; phallobase soft-body, fragile; basal Material and Methods plate extension with some longitudinal stripes in direction of The specimens used in this study are preserved at the phallobase; paramere (Figs. 13–15) symmetrical, broad, weakly Entomological Museum of China Agricultural University, curved, apical half covered with short setae, apex acute. Beijing, China (CAU) and the National Science Museum, Description of brachypterous female. Coloration. Tsukuba, Japan (NSMT). Morphological and genital structures Body generally dark brown; head blackish brown; ramose were observed under a stereomicroscope (SZ40, Olympus, projections on ventrolateral sides of head pale brown; antennae Tokyo) equipped with a micrometer. Photographs were taken brown tinged with reddish, pedicel (except apex) yellowish using a single-lens reflex camera (Canon 7D Mark-II) equipped brown; basal two thirds of first visible rostral segment pale with a Canon macro lens EF 100 mm and MP-E 65 mm. The brown, apical third of first segment and second and third morphological terminology follows that of Davis (1966) and segments darkened; pronotum with anterior lobe blackish Weirauch (2008). brown; midpart of posterior margin yellowish; scutellum and

Ⓒ Japanese Society of Systematic Entomology 142 Okuda, K. and Z. Chen

Figs. 1–6. Habitus of Pygolampis breviptera Ren, 1981: 1, male dorsal view; 2, male lateral view; 3, male ventral view; 4, female dorsal view; 5, female lateral view; 6, female ventral view. Scale bars = 5 mm.

June 30, 2021, JJSE 27 (1) Notes on Pygolampis brevipterus Ren, 1981 143

Figs. 7–15. Diagnostic characters of Pygolampis breviptera Ren, 1981, setae omitted in 7–9: 7, head, male, dorsal view; 8, same, lateral view; 9, pygophore, ventral view; 10, median process of pygophore, lateral view; 11, phallus, dorsal view; 12, same, lateral view; 13–15, paramere, three different views. Scale bars for 7–9, 11, 12 = 1 mm; for 10, 13–15 = 0.25 mm. thoracic sterna blackish brown, apices of anterior propleural posterior third, with pair of indistinct tubercles posteriorly; spines pale brown; basal third of anterior femora, basal half humeral angles rounded, weakly elevated; anterior propleural of mid femora and base of posterior femora, tibiae (except spines thick, acute, curved upward, subequal in length to annulations) yellowish brown; base and apex and submedial width of single eye; scutellum subtriangular, elongate. Legs annulation of anterior and mid tibiae blackish brown; basal slender, femora slightly shorter than respective tibiae; anterior two thirds of lateral margins and posterolateral angles of each femora slightly thickened. Hemelytra brachypterous, shortly abdominal segment yellowish, apical third of lateral margins exceeding anterior margin of 5th tergite of abdomen, with blackish; ventral surface of abdomen slightly darkened. clear corium, clavus and membrane. Structure. Body surface coarse, finely wrinkled, densely Abdomen relatively broad, about 2.7 times as long as covered with tiny, curved, depressed hair; apex of head, its greatest width; posterolateral angles of segments 5 to 7 antennal tubercles, apex of ramose projections, rostrum slightly produced; 8th tergite subsemicircular; 9th tergite with tiny, suberect to erect setae; ventral surface of antennal subtriangular, laterally distinctly constricted at middle; first scape with short, suberect setae, pedicel and flagellomeres valvulae broad; first valvifers small, triangular. with short, suberect pubescence; lateral sides of thorax with Measurements [in mm, male (n=1) / female (n=2)]. Length tiny yellowish hair forming broad longitudinal band; ventral of body 15.50 / 18.30–18.40; length of head 2.40 / 2.40–2.50; surfaces of anterior femora and tibiae with dense, short, erect length of anteocular part 1.20 / 1.10; length of postocular part setae; tarsi and apices of tibiae of legs with longer, depressed 0.90 / 0.90; width across eyes 1.25 / 1.30–1.40; interocular to suberect setae. space 0.75 / 0.80; interocellar space 0.20 / 0.20; length of Head subcylindrical, nearly parallel sided, about 0.8 times antennal segments I–IV = 3.50 / 3.20–3.40, 3.80 / 3.40–3.90, as long as pronotum; anteocular part slightly longer than missing / 0.50–0.60, missing / 1.10–1.30; length of first to third postocular, ventrolateral sides without distinct projections; visible rostral segments = 2.00 / 2.00, 0.55 / 0.60, 0.30 / 0.40; postocular part with ventrolateral ramose projections, anterior length of pronotum 2.95 / 3.10; length of anterior pronotal one the longest; eyes subhemispherical, rounded in lateral lobe 1.60 / 1.70; length of posterior pronotal lobe 1.35 / 1.40; view, protruding laterally; ocelli small, not projecting upward; width of anterior pronotal lobe 1.25 / 1.50; width of posterior antennal scape robust, about 1.35 times longer than head, pronotal lobe 1.70 / 2.10–2.20; median length of scutellum pedicel slenderer and slightly longer than scape, flagellomeres 0.75 / 1.00; basal width of scutellum 0.40 / 0.60; length of fore delicate; first visible rostral segment nearly straight, two times femur, tibia, tarsus = 4.15 / 4.10–4.20, 3.65 / 3.70–3.80, 0.70 / as long as second and third segments combined. 0.70; length of mid femur, tibia, tarsus = 4.60 / 4.50–4.60, 4.30 Pronotum subtrapezoidal, about 1.4 times as long as width / 4.20–4.30, 0.75 / 0.80; length of hind femur, tibia, tarsus = across humeral angles; anterior lobe about 1.2 times as long 8.00 / 8.00–8.60, 10.00 / 8.90–10.00, 0.90 / 0.90; length of fore as posterior lobe, slightly swollen, with deep sulcus along its wing 5.10 / 6.10–6.30; length of abdomen 8.00 / 10.60–10.80; midline on posterior half; posterior lobe slightly elevated on greatest width of abdomen = 2.75 / 3.80–4.00.

June 30, 2021, JJSE 27 (1) 144 Okuda, K. and Z. Chen

Distribution. China (Xizang), Vietnam (Lai Chau) [new Gupta, Y. C. & R. Kauntey, 2007. Description of a new species of record]. Pygolampis Germ., 1817 from India (: Heteroptera, Bionomics. Unknown. Reduviidae). Journal of Entomological Research, 31(1): 89–91. Ishikawa, T. & S. Miyamoto, 2012. Family Reduviidae Latreille, Remarks 1807. In: Ishikawa, T., Takai, M. & Yasunaga, T. (Eds.), A Pygolampis breviptera was originally described based on Field Guide to Japanese Bugs. Terrestrial heteropterans III. Zenkoku Noson Kyoiku Kyokai, Tokyo, pp. 231–288, pls. one brachypterous male specimen from Xizang, China (Ren, 20–51. [in Japanese] 1981). We herein describe the females of this species for the Kerzhner, I. M., 1992. Nomenclatural and bibliographic corrections first time. A brachypterous male specimen from Vietnam to J. Maldonado Capriles (1990) “Systematic catalogue was identified with this species in the original description. of the Reduviidae of the World (Insecta: Heteroptera)”. However, Ren (1981) described the hemelytra of this species Zoosystematica Rossica, 1: 46–60. as reaching the posterior portion of the fifth abdominal Maldonado, J. C., 1990. Systematic Catalogue of the Reduviidae tergite. In contrast, the hemelytra of the examined Vietnamese of the World (Insecta: Heteroptera). A Special Edition of specimen only reaches the posterior portion of the fourth Caribbean Journal of Science, Mayagüez, 694 pp. Putshkov P. V. & V. G. Putshkov, 1996. Family Reduviidae abdominal tergite (Fig. 1). Wing polymorphism is known to Latreille, 1807 – assassin-bugs. In: Aukema B. & Rieger C. occur frequently in Pygolampis (Tomokuni and Cai, 2003). (Eds.), Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region: This difference indicates the possibility of a variation in wing Chimicomorpha I (Vol. 2). Netherlands Entomological length in this species, and more specimens would need to Society, 361 pp. be collected to confirm whether the brachypterous form is Ren, S. -Z., 1981. Hemiptera: Berytidae, Enicocephalidae, an individual difference or a usual condition in this species. Reduviidae, Nabidae. In: The Comprehensive Scientific Additionally, DNA barcoding will be used to confirm whether Expedition to the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Ed.), of Xizang. Vol. 1. Science Press, all types of wing polymorphisms are intraspecific variations Beijing, pp. 173–185. or interspecific variations. Schuh, R. T. & C. Weirauch, 2020. True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): Classification and Natural History Acknowledgements (Second Edition). Siri Scientific Press, Manchester, 800 pp. Swanson, D. R. & S. W. I. Chordas, 2018. Annotated list of the We are grateful to Mr. Teruaki Ban (Natural History assassin bugs (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) of Belize, with the Museum and Institute, Chiba) for advice on the manuscript. description of two new species. Zootaxa, 4500(3): 397–425. We thank Prof. Wanzhi Cai (CAU) for helpful discussions DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4500.3.7 during this study. We greatly appreciate Dr. Masaaki Tomokuni, M. & W. Cai, 2003. The genus Pygolampis Germar Tomokuni and Dr. Takuya Kiyoshi (NSMT) for loaning the (Heteroptera, Reduviidae, Stenopodainae) from Vietnam, with material used in this study. We would like to thank Editage the description of a new species. Deutsche Entomologische (www.editage.com) for English language editing. Zeitschrift, 50(1): 69–87. DOI: 10.1002/mmnd.20030500106 Weirauch, C., 2008. Cladistic analysis of Reduviidae (Heteroptera: Cimicomorpha) based on morphological characters. References Systematic Entomology, 33: 229–274. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365- Davis, N. T., 1966. Contributions to the morphology and phylogeny 3113.2007.00417.x. of the Reduvioidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Part III. The Weirauch, C. et al., 2014. An illustrated identification key to male and female genitalia. Annals of the Entomological assassin bug subfamilies and tribes (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Canadian Journal of Identification, (2): 1–115. Society of America, 59(5): 911–924. DOI: https://doi. 26 org/10.1093/aesa/59.5.911 [Received: January 26, 2021; accepted: June 21, 2021]

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