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Native American POLYTHEISM - (Animism, Pantheism) Native American Tribes Have Maintained Numerous Mythologies Regarding Deities Throughout Their Histories
Native American POLYTHEISM - (animism, pantheism) Native American tribes have maintained numerous mythologies regarding deities throughout their histories. Native American belief systems include many sacred narratives . Such spiritual stories are deeply based in Nature and are rich with the symbolism of seasons, weather, plants, animals, earth, water, sky & fire. Deities play a large part in these narratives. Before the 'White Man' came trampling all over the land, the native tribes and nations of what would one day become America had all the space in their world. They made good use of it, living close to nature in what might seem to modern society like a glorious camping vacation. If you ignore the constant threat of starvation and war. Living so close to nature, you could see into the souls of animals — such as the BEAVER and BADGER — as they went about their business. You could feel WAUKHEON the Thunder Bird fixing the weather, and revel in the rascality of RAVEN , MANABOZHO and COYOTE with their tantalizing tricks. The Native American peoples had (and still have) a huge respect for nature. Animal spirits in particular were very powerful and it was necessary to thank them and placate them if you wanted to make a meal of them. When corn arrived courtesy of the deities, it was also given its due measure of respect. The thought of organic free-range food sounds alluring, but hunting wasn't as easy as getting up in the morning, taking a stroll and shooting a few passing bison with your bow. Even Plains societies who lived off the prolific buffalo fell under the threat of starvation at times. -
Views and Opinions Expressed in This Document Are Those of the Author and Do Not Necessarily
Department of Environmental Studies DISSERTATION COMMITTEE PAGE The undersigned have examined the dissertation entitled: Ramapough/Ford: The Impact and Survival of an Indigenous Community in the Shadow of Ford Motor Company’s Toxic Legacy presented by Chuck Stead candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and hereby certify that it is accepted. Committee Chair Name: Alesia Maltz Title/Affiliation: Antioch University Committee Member Name: Charlene DeFreese Title/Affiliation: Ramapough Lenape Nation Committee Member Name: Michael Edelstein Title/Affiliation: Ramapo College of New Jersey Committee Member Name: Tania Schusler Title/Affiliation: Antioch University Defense Date: August 22, 2014 Ramapough/Ford: The Impact and Survival of an Indigenous Community in the Shadow of Ford Motor Company’s Toxic Legacy By: Chuck Stead A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Environmental Studies at Antioch University New England Committee: Alesia Maltz, Ph.D. (Chair) Tania Schusler, Ph.D. Michael Edelstein, Ph.D. Sub-Chief Charlene DeFreese 2015 The views and opinions expressed in this document are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the reviewers or Antioch University. i This is dedicated to the elders. ii Acknowledgments The author would like to thank Antioch School of Environmental Studies, and the Doctorial Committee, Dr. Michael Edelstein, Dr. Tania Shuster, Charlene Defreese and Dr. Alesia Maltz for their guidance, as well as my cohort colleague Claudia Ford. I would also like to thank the members of the Ramapo Lenape Nation especially Chief Perry, Chief Mann, and Vivian Milligan for their support and guidance. -
Female Deity of Sanchi on Lotus As Early Images of Bhu Devi J
NEW INTERPRETATION ON GAJ- LAKSHMI FIGURES OF SANCHI (AND OTHER SRAMANICAL SITES) nn DR. J. MANUEL THE BACK GROUND • INDRA RULED THE ROOST IN THE RGVEDIC AGE • OTHER GODS LIKE AGNI, SOMA, VARUN, SURYA BESIDES ASHVINIKUMARS, MARUTS WERE ALSO SPOKEN VERY HIGH IN THE LITERATURE • VISHNU IS ALSO KNOWN WITH INCREASING PROMINENCE SO MUCH SO IN THE LATE MANDALA 1 SUKT 22 A STRETCH OF SIX VERSES MENTION HIS POWER AND EFFECT • EVIDENTLY HIS GLORY WAS BEING FELT MORE AND MORE AS TIME PASSED • Mandal I Sukt 22 Richa 19 • Vishnu ki kripa say …….. Vishnu kay karyon ko dekho. Vay Indra kay upyukt sakha hai EVIDENTLY HIS GLORY WAS BEING FELT MORE AND MORE AS TIME PASSED AND HERO-GODS LIKE BALARAM AND VASUDEVA WERE ACCEPTED AS HIS INCARNATIONS • CHILAS IN PAKISTAN • AGATHOCLEUS COINS • TIKLA NEAR GWALIOR • ARE SOME EVIDENCE OF HERO-GODS BUT NOT VEDIC VISHNU IN SECOND CENTURY BC • There is the Kheri-Gujjar Figure also of the Therio anthropomorphic copper image BUT • FOR A LONG TIME INDRA CONTINUED TO HOLD THE FORT OF DOMINANCE • THIS IS SEEN IN EARLY SACRED LITERATURE AND ART ANTHROPOMORPHIC FIGURES • OF THE COPPER HOARD CULTURES ARE SAID TO BE INDRA FIGURES OF ABOUT 4000 YEARS OLD • THERE ARE MANY TENS OF FIGURES IN SRAMANICAL SITE OF INDRA INCLUDING AT SANCHI (MORE THAN 6) DATABLE TO 1ST CENTURY BCE • BUT NOT A SINGLE ONE OF VISHNU INDRA 5TH CENT. CE, SARNATH PARADOXICALLY • THERE ARE 100S OF REFERENCES OF VISHNU IN THE VEDAS AND EVEN MORE SO IN THE PURANIC PERIOD • WHILE THE REFERENCE OF LAKSHMI IS VERY FEW AND FAR IN BETWEEN • CURIOUSLY THE ART OF THE SUPPOSED LAXMI FIGURES ARE MANY TIMES MORE IN EARLY HISTORIC CONTEXT EVEN IN NON VAISHNAVA CONTEXT AND IN SUCH AREAS AS THE DECCAN AND AS SOUTH AS SRI- LANKA WHICH WAS THEN UNTOUCHED BY VAISHNAVISM NW INDIA TO SRI LANKA AZILISES COIN SHOWING GAJLAKSHMI IMAGERY 70-56 ADVENT OF VAISHNAVISM VISHNU HAD BY THE STARTING OF THE COMMON ERA BEGAN TO BECOME LARGER THAN INDRA BUT FOR THE BUDDHISTS INDRA CONTINUED TO BE DEPICTED IN RELATED STORIES CONTINUED FROM EARLIER TIMES; FROM BUDDHA. -
Mnidoo-Worlding: Merleau-Ponty and Anishinaabe Philosophical Translations
Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 11-20-2017 12:00 AM Mnidoo-Worlding: Merleau-Ponty and Anishinaabe Philosophical Translations Dolleen Tisawii'ashii Manning The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Helen Fielding The University of Western Ontario Joint Supervisor Antonio Calcagno The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in Theory and Criticism A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Doctor of Philosophy © Dolleen Tisawii'ashii Manning 2017 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Epistemology Commons Recommended Citation Manning, Dolleen Tisawii'ashii, "Mnidoo-Worlding: Merleau-Ponty and Anishinaabe Philosophical Translations" (2017). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 5171. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5171 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract This dissertation develops a concept of mnidoo-worlding, whereby consciousness emerges as a kind of possession by what is outside of ‘self’ and simultaneously by what is internal as self-possession. Weaving together phenomenology, post structural philosophy and Ojibwe Anishinaabe orally transmitted knowledges, I examine Ojibwe Anishinaabe mnidoo, or ‘other than human,’ ontologies. Mnidoo refers to energy, potency or processes that suffuse all of existence and includes humans, animals, plants, inanimate ‘objects’ and invisible and intangible forces (i.e. Thunder Beings). Such Anishinaabe philosophies engage with what I articulate as all-encompassing and interpenetrating mnidoo co-responsiveness. -
Lenten Meditations
Grand Rapids Choir of Men and Boys Lenten & Easter Meditations 29th Season 2019 Andrew Nethsingha Director of Music – St. John’s College Choir, Cambridge Our Lenten concert is all the more special this year by the choir’s fourth residency with Andrew Nethsingha, Director of Music of the Choir of St. John’s College, Cambridge. Andrew is truly one of the most skilled and inspiring choir trainers in the world today. Mr. Nethsingha began as a chorister at Exeter Cathedral where he sang for his father, Lucian Nethsingha. He later studied at the Royal College of Music where he won seven prizes, and at St. John’s College, Cambridge. He held Organ Scholarships under Christopher Robinson at St. George’s Chapel - Windsor Castle, and George Guest at St. John’s College, Cambridge. He next took up the position of Assistant Organist at Wells Cathedral where our Director of Music, Scott Bosscher, sang daily in the choir for Andrew for three years. Mr. Nethsingha was subsequently Director of Music at Truro and Gloucester Cathedrals, and Artistic Director of the Gloucester Three Choirs Festival. He has been the Music Director at St. John’s since 2007. Recent venues where Mr. Nethsingha has inspired both musicians & audiences alike include the Royal Albert Hall & Royal Festival Hall London, Konzerthaus Berlin, Müpa Budapest, Royal Concertgebouw Holland, Singapore Esplanade, Birmingham Symphony Hall and Hong Kong City Hall. We are blessed in west Michigan by Andrew including us in his music making itenery! The Choir of St. John’s College, Cambridge Andrew Nethsingha’s 2019 Grand Rapids residency has been graciously underwritten by Douglas & Barbara Kindschi May & June 2019 - 29th Anniversary Concluding Concerts The Basilica of St. -
Table of Contents Volume I
Table of Contents Volume I - Text Acknowledgements I Notes on the Use of Indian Terminology, Bibliographical References, and III of the Catalogue Table of Contents V 0. Introduction 1 1. Sources 5 1.1 Pre-Buddhist sources 5 1.2 Early Buddhist texts on the Maravijaya (Temptation of Mara) 5 1.3 Characterization and iconographic description in Tantric texts 7 1.3.1 Sadhanamala 1 1.3.2 Kriyasamgraha 9 1.3.3 Vasundharoddesa 11 1.3.4 Vasudhara as dharani 14 1.4 The inscription of KumaradevI of Sarnath 17 1.5 Legends from the Nepal region 18 1.5.1 Sucanda-Avadana 18 1.5.2 Nandimukha-Asvaghosa-Avadana 19 1.6 Vasudhara and related deities in Tantric-Hinduism 20 2. Examples and iconography of Vasudhara in Ancient Indian Regions 23 2.1 Sculptures from Mathura 24 2.2 Early evidence of the earth goddess as witness to the enlightenment in the 25 life scenes of the Buddha 2.2.1 A Mathura relief from Ramnagar 25 2.2.2 The appearance of the goddess in the Gandhara School 25 2.2.2.1 Maravijaya and the search for the bodhimanda 26 2.2.2.2 Depictions of the earth goddess in other contexts 30 2.3 Central Asia, neighboring region - Wall paintings on the northern Silk Road 32 v http://d-nb.info/1056056843 2.4 KasmTr/Gilgit 34 2.5 Gupta era reliefs from Sarnath 36 2.6 Painting and sculpture in Ajanta 39 2.7 Sculptures in Ellora 40 3. The goddess of earth and wealth in the pantheon of Vajrayana Buddhism 41 3.1 The development in East India from the ninth century 41 3.2 The Buddha in bhumisparsamudra in Pala era art 41 3.2.1 The eight major life events of the Buddha 45 3.2.2 Complex Buddha steles from Bengal 46 3.2.3 Cult images of Buddha in bhumisparsamudra in the neighboring region of 46 Orissa 3.3 Vasudhara as an individual goddess in East India 47 3.3.1 Stone and bronze sculptures from Bihar/Bengal 47 3.3.2 Manuscript illustrations from East India 52 3.3.3 Two special stone cult images from Sarnath 53 3.3.4 Sculptures from Orissa 54 3.3.5 The vessel as symbol of the earth goddess 56 3.4 The cult of Vasudhara in South India 57 4. -
The Dark Red Amulet Dark Red Amulet.Qxd:Final 12/3/08 5:40 PM Page Ii Dark Red Amulet.Qxd:Final 12/3/08 5:40 PM Page Iii
Dark Red Amulet.qxd:Final 12/3/08 5:40 PM Page i The Dark Red Amulet Dark Red Amulet.qxd:Final 12/3/08 5:40 PM Page ii Dark Red Amulet.qxd:Final 12/3/08 5:40 PM Page iii The Dark Red Amulet ORAL INSTRUCTIONS ON THE PRACTICE OF VAJRAKILAYA by Khenchen Palden Sherab Rinpoche and Khenpo Tsewang Dongyal Rinpoche Samye Translation Group Snow Lion Publications Ithaca, New York Dark Red Amulet.qxd:Final 12/3/08 5:40 PM Page iv SNOW LION PUBLICATIONS P. O. Box 6483 Ithaca, NY 14851 USA (607) 273-8519 www.snowlionpub.com Copyright © 2008 Khenchen Palden Sherab Rinpoche and Khenpo Tsewang Dongyal Rinpoche Previously published as a commentary by Dharma Samudra in 1992. All rights reserved. No part of this material may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Text design by Rita Frizzell, Dakini Graphics Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Palden Sherab, Khenchen, 1941- The dark red amulet : oral instructions on the practice of Vajrakilaya / Khenchen Palden Sherab Rinpoche and Khenpo Tsewang Dongyal Rinpoche. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN-13: 978-1-55939-311-9 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-55939-311-4 (alk. paper) 1. Vajraki-laya (Buddhist deity) I. Tsewang Dongyal, Khenpo, 1950- II. Title. BQ4890.V336P35 2008 294.3'444--dc22 2008020817 Dark Red Amulet.qxd:Final 12/3/08 5:40 PM Page v As with all Vajrayana practices, Vajrakilaya should not be practiced without receiving an empowerment or reading transmission directly from a qualified lineage master. -
The Iconography of Nepalese Buddhism
TheThe IconographyIconography ofof NepaleseNepalese BuddhismBuddhism by Min Bahadur Shakya HAN DD ET U 'S B B O RY eOK LIBRA E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.buddhanet.net Buddha Dharma Education Association Inc. P H A N I C- ZDH / T A P P H A N / M, T P. O. B N: , K, N e of Nepalese Buddhism M B S v A A Min Bahadur Shakya is a scholar of Newar and Tibetan Buddhism. Among his major publications are hort istory of uddhism in epal, . ntroduction to uddhist onasteries of athmandu alley, . He was elected Vice President of World Fellowship of Buddhist Youth WFBY for the years –. His major re- search work on ife and ontribution of epalese rincess hrikuti evi is shortly forthcoming. Mr. Shakya was nomi- nated by Venerable Master Hsing Yun, Fokuang Shan, Taiwan as Research Associate in Fokuang Shan Chinese Buddhist Research Academy for the years –. In , he was granted a SAARC Fellowship (Buddhist Studies) by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, impu, Bhutan. Currently he is working as the Chief Editor of uddhist ima- laya, a bi-annual journal dealing with Buddhism in the Hima- layan regions. He has also contributed more a dozen research papers in reputed foreign journals. Since , he is teaching in Engineering Institute, Pulchowk Campus, Lalitpur. Presently he is the Director, Nagarjuna Institute of Exact Methods. F Under the definition of andicrafts there are multiple products. Of them the statues of gods and goddesses of Buddhism and Hinduism stand foremost.eir importance is enhanced not only because of the fact that they are hand made but also that they are made by using meticulously time-consuming traditional tech- v niques: Lost Wax Process, Chiselling, antique finishing and so on. -
A Study of the History and Cult of the Buddhist Earth Deity in Mainland Southeast Asia
A Study of the History and Cult of the Buddhist Earth Deity in Mainland Southeast Asia A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of PhD in Religious Studies at the University of Canterbury by Elizabeth Guthrie University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand 2004 A Study of the History and Cult of the Buddhist Earth Deity in Mainland Southeast Asia Volume 1 Text Acknowledgements Far-ranging research projects like this inevitably depend on the generosity and assistance of many people. Among those who helped me find the earth deity in image and texts, or helped with translations, were: Ang Choulean, K. Aphaivong. Bandol Samnang, Olivier de Bernon, Didier Bertrand, Fran(,{ois Bizot, Robert L. Brown, Kaye Carter, Chuch Phoeun, Shayne Clarke, John Crocker, Denison University Art Gallery, Robert Didham, Wichai Eungpinichpong, Wilai Eungpinichpong, John Marston, Long Tbol, Des Sothy, Anthony Diller, Jacqueline Filliozat, Rolf Giebel, Hang Chan Sophea, Louis Gabaude, Pam Gutman, Anne Hansen, Huberta Hellendoorn, Hor Lath, Khy Sophal, Khyaw Tha Nyunt, Kuy Lath, Fran(,{ois Lagirarde, Lan Sunnary, Leng Kok An, Lim Yii Hang, Long Tbol, Meng Prang, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Mey Poeun, Museum flir Indische Kunst, Neou Chamrong, Norton Simon Museum, Ouk Ry, Anatole Peltier, Phaitun Dokbukaeo, Phon Sin, Phoung Soueng, Sommai Premchit, Thonevath Pou, Saveros Pou, Craig Reynolds, Waldemar Sailer, Sao Hso Hom, Peter Skilling, Frank Smith, Ven. Suthep Surapong, Donald Swearer, Thein Tun U, Serge Thion, Ashley Thompson, Vijinthanasarn Panya, U Aung Kyaing, U Myint Aung, RE. Vann Molyvann, John Weeks, Hiram W.Woodward, Jr. I received funding from the NZFUW, NZASIA and the University of Canterbury. -
Chapter 1 a Doctrine of Critical Theology
Faith and Critical Theology Richard B. Wells © 2019 Chapter 1 A Doctrine of Critical Theology 1. What Is Theology? What is meant by the term "theology" as it is used in this treatise? Like the term "religion," theology is used by different people to label many things that are quite different from one another. A general definition covering all these different usages would have to be a definition that makes abstraction of everything that is different and retains only that which is common to all of them. But is there in fact anything that is common to all the different ways people use the term "theology"? If there is then will there be enough left in the definition for anyone to make practical use of it after one makes abstraction of all the differences that exist in how the term is used? Rather than immediately presuppose answers to these questions, let us first look at some of the word's usages. Webster's 1962 unabridged dictionary [Webster (1962)] provided three definitions, all of which are widely used today: Theology: 1. the study of God and the relations between God and the universe; study of religious doctrine and matters of divinity. 2. a specific form or system of this study as expounded by a particular religion or denomination. [Webster (1962)] These definitions seem simple enough, but then Webster's goes on to provide a list of twelve "species" of theology distinguished by adjective modifiers such as: ascetical; Biblical; dogmatic; moral; polemic; and so on. That's a lot of theological species for something falling under the general definitions above. -
Gitche Manitou, Gitche-Manito, Or Kitchi Manitou Gitche Manitou - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
جيتشي مانيتو https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84% D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9 גיטשי מניטו Gitche Manitou, Gitche-manito, or Kitchi Manitou Gitche Manitou - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gitche_Manitou Gitche Manitou From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Gitche Manitou ( Gitchi Manitou , Kitchi Manitou , etc.) means "Great Spirit" in several Algonquian languages. Christian missionaries have translated God as Gitche Manitou in scriptures and prayers in the Algonquian languages. Manitou is a common Algonquian term for spirit, mystery, or deity. Contents 1 Anishinaabe 2 Other tribes 3 Related spirits 4 Manitou as mystical term 5 See also 6 Notes Gitche Manitou in Cree syllabic: 7 References Kihci-manitô (Cree New Testament 8 External links 1876), Kise-manitô (Cree Bible 1862), Kise-manitow (Cree New Testament 1908), Anishinaabe Gizhe-manidoo (Ojibwe New Testament 1988), In more recent Anishinaabe culture, the Anishinaabe language word Chisa-manitu (Naskapi New Gichi-manidoo means Great Spirit, the Creator of all things and the Testament 2007) Giver of Life, and is sometimes translated as the "Great Mystery". Historically, Anishinaabe people believed in a variety of spirits, whose images were placed near doorways for protection. According to Anishinaabe-Ojibwa tradition, what became known as Mackinac Island in Michigan was the home of Gitche Manitou. The people would make pilgrimages there for rituals devoted to the spirit. In Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's The Song of Hiawatha , Gitche Manitou is spelled Gitche Manito . Other Ojibwa names for God incorporated through the process of syncretism are Gizhe-manidoo ("venerable Manidoo "), Wenizhishid-manidoo ("Fair Manidoo ") and Gichi-ojichaag ("Great Spirit"). -
Technologies of Self
TECHNOLOGIES OF SELF NAVIN KUMAR GALLERY Conceived, realized, and written by Dr. Tarun Kumar Jain [email protected] Published by Navin Kumar, Inc. +1 (646) 708 - 1530 Copyright © 2019 All Rights Reserved TECHNOLOGIES OF SELF TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE 4 INTRODUCTION 5 FORM I NARRATIVE SEMIOSIS 11 Miracles at Śrāvastī 12 Śākyamuni Buddha 16 Arhats Angaja and Pantaka 18 Saint Francis Of Assisi 22 FORM II ONTOLOGICAL HIERARCHIES 25 Eight Mahasiddhas 26 Complete Mandala Cycle of the Sarvadurgatipariśodhana 30 The Immovable One, Acalanātha 40 The Remover of Obstacles, Sarvanivāraṇaviṣkambhin 42 The Boddhisattva of wisdom, Mañjuśrī 46 Jambhala, The Progenitor of Wealth 48 Nāroḍākinī 50 The Dispeller of Misery Śokavinodana Tārā 52 Drapa Ngonshe Jambhala In Paradise 54 the Knowledge-Causing Mother Kurukulla 58 FORM III TIBETAN TECHNOLOGIES OF SELF 61 Karmapa 3 Rangjung Dorje (1284 - 1339) 62 Tertön Sherab Özer (1518 ‒ 1584) 64 Karmapa 9 Wangchuk Dorje (1555 - 1601) 68 Ngor 8 Sanggye Rinchen & Sakya Jampa’i Dorje 7 2 Dalai Lama 7 Kelzang Gyatso (1708 – 1757) 74 Chimed Ozer (1574 – 1661) 80 Jonang Chokle Namgyel (1306 ‒ 1386) 82 Mahasiddha Virupa (837-909) 84 Naza Drakpugpa (1277 - 1350) 86 Thekchen Chokyi Gyalpo (1349 - 1425) 88 PREFACE ...Technologies of the self, which permit individuals to effect by their own means or with the help of others a certain number of operations on their own bodies and souls, thoughts, conduct, and way of being, so as to transform themselves in order to attain a certain state of happiness, purity, wisdom, perfection, or immortality. ~ Michel Foucault, Technologies of Self 1 As an expression of mental states that are often difficult to cast in language, art is a source of perceptual and contemplative stimulation outside the statistical normality of the mundane physical world; it expands our experiential domain and challenges our concepts of what can exist.