British Propaganda to France, 1940—1944 Machinery, Method and Message

Annexe One White Propaganda Leaflets

Part II: Leaflet Diary An account of the leaflets dropped from the air over France

Tim Brooks

© Timothy William Brooks, 2007 2 PART II: LEAFLET DIARY

Annexe One, Part II: Leaflet Diary An account of the leaflets dropped from the air over France

Date Location Code x Quantity July 1940 16 Cambrai, Douai, St.­Omer F.51 x 96,000 b F.72 x 91,500 b 18/19 Boulogne­sur­Mer, Dieppe, Le Havre, Rouen, St.­Omer, Le F.51 x 500,000 a Touquet, Wormhoudt F.72 x 500,000 a BCWD records that three Wellingtons from OTUs carried out leaflet flights to towns in France, without loss. 21/22 Abbeville, Amiens, Arras, Les Bois Robert, Croisilles, Dieppe, F.51 x 810,000 a Douai, Le Havre, Lens, Lille, Neufchâtel, Poise, Roubaix, Rouen, F.72 x 810,000 a Le Tréport. 22/23 Aire, Berneville, St.­Pol. F.51 x 180,000 a F.72 x 180,000 a 23/24 Abbeville, Amiens, Arras, Béthune, Boulogne­sur­Mer, Brest, Cap F.59 x 1,944,000 a de la Hague, Caen, Calais, Châteaulin, Châteauneuf, Cherbourg, Colomeray, Dunkerque, Étaples, Granville, Le Havre, Hazebrouck, Lesneven, Lille, Merville, Morlaix, Pontivy, Rennes, Rouen, St.­ Brieuc, St.­Valéry, St.­Omer, Yvetot. 25/26 BCWD records that six aircraft from OTUs carried out operations without loss, but does not indicate if these involved leaflets or their destinations. 27/28 Angers, Beauvais, Caen, Châteaugiron, Dieppe, Évreux, Laval, F.63 x 1,962,000 a Martigné­Ferchaud, Massérac, Meaux, Melun., Nantes, St.­Florent, Vieil. 28/29 Amiens, Paris. F.51 x 147,000 b F.72 x 151, 500 b July Cumulative totals for July include an additional quantity of leaflets F.?? x 1,232,000 a 1 dropped by aircraft. These may have been delivered on 25/26 July 1940. Balloon totals tally. 8,604,000 a 486,000 b 9,090,000 ab August 1940 9/10 Amiens, Lille, Rouen. F.430 x 495,000 a 10/11 Brest, Cherbourg, Flers, Le Havre, Laval, Lorient, Rennes, Rouen. F.430 x 495,000 a 11/12 Avranches, Brest, Caen, Dinan, Lessay, Rennes, St.­Malo. F.430 x 405,000 a 12/13 Amiens, Le Havre, Lille. F.430 x 198,000 a 15/16 Arras, Berck­sur­Mer, Rouen, St.­Brieuc, St.­Omer, Le Tréport F.430 x 351,000 a 1,944,000 a2 September 1940 7/8 Amiens, Arras, Cherbourg, Île d’Ouessant, Mont­St.­Michel, Rouen F.31 x 990,000 a and west to coast, Treguier. 9/10 Amiens, Granville, Lille, Rennes, Rouen, St.­Malo. F.32 x 999,000 a F.430 x 45,000 a 18/19 Amiens, Arras, Cherbourg, Douai, Le Havre, Lille, Rouen. F.33 x 648,000 a 20/21 Avranches, Caen, Granville, Rouen. F.33 x 347,000 a 23/24 Amiens, Lille, Rouen F.35 x 990,000 a 4,019,000 a3 October 1940 7/8 Abbeville, Brest, Caen, Cap d’Antifer, Cap de la Hague, Cherbourg, F.34 x 504,000 a Dol­de­Bretagne, Fécamp, Le Havre, Pavilly, Rennes, Rouen, St.­ F.36 x 504,000 a Lô, St.­Malo. F.37 x 378,000 a 3 BRITISH PROPAGANDA TO FRANCE, 1940—1944: ANNEXE ONE

9/10 Amiens, Brest, Morlaix, Le Havre, Rouen F.37 x 126,000 a F.39/1 x 117,000 a 10/11 Amiens, Caen, Cherbourg, Le Havre, Lille, Rouen. F.39/1 x 189,000 a 12/13 Amiens, Lille. F.34 x 504,000 a 15/16 Lille F.39/1 x 63,000 a 19/20 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.35, which was last recorded here on 23/24 September 1940. BCWD shows, however, that there were no OTU sorties, and only very minor operations to Osnabrück and an aborted raid on Berlin were carried out by Bomber Command, suggesting that no leaflets were dropped on 19/20 October 1940. 21/22 Paris F.37 x 252,000 a 24/25 Amiens, Paris.4 F.36 x 126,000 a F.37 x 252,000 a F.41 x 504,000 a 27/28 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.36, which was last recorded here on 24/25 October 1940. BCWD shows that there were two OTU sorties, which may have carried leaflets. 28/29 Amiens F.34 x 126,000 a 29/30 Arras F.34 x 126,000 a 3,771,000 a5 November 1940 7/8 Amiens, Brest, Le Havre, Lille, Paris, St.­Malo. F.39/2 x 342,000 a 8/9 Amiens, Pontoise. F.41 x 252,000 a 10/11 Paris F.41 x 252,000 a F.45 x 252,000 a 6 15/16 Brest (by SOE aircraft) F.41 x ‘a small dissemination’ 7 20/21 Conches­en­Ouche, La Loupe . F.41 x 504,000 a 22/23 Amiens, Avranches, Lille, Paris, Pontorson, Roscoff, St.­Brieuc, F.39/3 x 252,000 a St.­Malo, Vire. BCWD records that two aircraft from OTUs, and one Blenheim, carried out leaflet flights to France and Holland. 29/30 Paris F.39/3 x 126,000 a 7 22 >1,980,000 a8 December 1940 5/6 Alençon, Caen. F.39/3 x 126,000 a 6/7 BCWD records that one aircraft from an OTU carried out a flight to Paris, but does not indicate if leaflets were involved. 7 The preceding week was ‘a week of bad weather from the point of view of the RAF’ which acted to disrupt leaflet operations. 9 7/8 Rouen F.46 x 126,000 a 8/9 Pontoise F.46 x 126,000 a 14 … ‘Once more the weather, hampering the activities of our postmen, the bombers of the Royal Air Force, has not left me with a great deal to report as to leaflet dissemination during the past week.’ 10 17/18 Laon, Reims F.34 x 81,000 b 21 In the preceding week, ‘the weather was once more sufficiently unsatisfactory to reduce our leaflet dissemination … the bulk of this was by balloon, and we had no aircraft dissemination over France.’ 11 21/22 Cholet, Mayenne F.47 x 125,000 a 22/23 Lille F.50/1 x 126,000 a 23/24 Amiens F.50/1 x 126,000 a 26/27 Évreux. F.46 x 198,000 b 28/29 Amiens, Dijon. 12 F.52 x 99,000 b 4 PART II: LEAFLET DIARY

Dec Cumulative totals for December include additional quantities of F.?? x 125,000 a leaflets dropped by aircraft and balloon. The additional aircraft F.?? x 1,750 b 13 leaflets may have been delivered on 6/7 December 1940. 880,000 a 379,750 b 1,259,750 ab 1940 >21,198,000 a1 4 865,750 b >22,063,750 ab1 5

January 1941 1/2 Abbeville, Brest, Falaise, Hazebrouck, Lille, Nantes, Paris, St.­ F.50/1 x 252,000 a Brieuc. F.52 x 153,000 a 16 2/3 Lille, Paris F.46 x 324,000 a F.48 x 252,000 a.1 7 4/5 Lille, Paris. F.50/2 x 250,000 a 11 Poor distribution in the preceding week was attributed to ‘the weather conditions combined with the fact that the Royal Air Force has principally paid attention to the Invasion Ports.’ 18 12/13 Amiens, Arras, Brest, Châlons­sur­Marne, Chartres, Lille, Nancy, F.48 x 252,000 b Paris, Pontoise, St.­Brieuc, St.­Malo, F.50/2 x 99,000 b F.53 x 567,000 ab.1 9 F.54 x 198,000 a 16/17 Étreux, Rouen. F.58 x 138,000 b 17/18 Amiens, Lille, Paris, La Roche­Guyon F.58 x 253,500 ab BCWD records that one aircraft from an OTU carried out a leaflet flight to Paris and Lille. This was the only activity undertaken by Bomber Command on this date. 18 BCWD records that over the period beginning 18 January until the beginning of February 1941 Bomber Command was only able to carry out operations on three nights. 25 No disseminations other than those dated 17/18 January are recorded for the preceding week. 20 2,059,000 a 679,500 b 2,738,500 ab2 1 February 1941 1 The weather again caused difficulties with leaflet dissemination, the comment being recorded that those responsible were ‘awaiting better weather conditions.’ 22 1/2 Coast to Reims F.50/3 x 99,000 b F.58 x 121,500 b 4/5 Chartres, Rouen, Évreux. F.60 x 246,000 b 6/7 Chaumont, Nancy. F.60 x 126,000 b 7/8 Brest, Guingamp, Lille, Morlaix, Paris. F.60 x 500,000 a 8 BCWD records that over a two­week period beginning 8 February 1941, Bomber Command operations continue but are significantly hampered by poor weather, with only five nights on which operations were undertaken. 21 No dissemination to France is recorded for the preceding week. 23 23/24 France, Lens, Lille, Paris, Reims, St.­Quentin. 24 F.50/3 x 250,000 a F.55 x 73,500 b F.60 x 78,000 b F.65 x 339,000 ab.2 5 24/25 Coast to St.­Dizier. F.55 x 54,000 b 26 F.60 x 321,000 b F.61 x 12,000 b 25/26 Avranches, coast to Beauvais, Cap Griz Nez, Carentan, Dieppe, Le F.61 x 114,000 b Havre, St.­Brieuc, St.­Malo, Le Tréport. F.62 x 99,000 a 27 5 BRITISH PROPAGANDA TO FRANCE, 1940—1944: ANNEXE ONE

27 BCWD records that over a two­week period beginning 27 February 1941, Bomber Command operations continue but are significantly hampered by poor weather, with only six nights on which operations were undertaken. Feb Cumulative totals for February also include additional distribution F.?? x 36,000 a.2 8 by aircraft. There is no obvious explanation for the discrepancy. 1,176,000 a 1,293,000 b 2,469,000 ab2 9 March 1941 4 BCWD records that because of bad weather the night operations squadrons of Bomber Command were stood for the following week. 10 No leaflet dissemination was carried out over France in the preceding ten day period. 30 12/13 Lille F.50/5 x 40,500 a F.64 x 36,000 a 13/14 Alençon, Paris, Rennes St.­Valéry. F.50/5 x 94,500 a F.64 x 21,600 a.3 1 20/21 Arras, Douai. F.50/5 x 47,250 b F.64 x 30,000 b 21/22 Brest, Nancy. F.50/5 x 49,500 a 32 F.64 x 134,400 ab 23/24 Belfort.3 3 F.50/6 x 49,125 b 24 BCWD records that in the ten days beginning 24 March 1941 Bomber Command operations continued but on only two occasions were night operations undertaken. 29/30 Namur F.57 x 30,000 b 30/31 Ath (and other mining areas of Belgium), Rennes. F.50/6 x 99,000 a.3 4 F.57 x 162,000 b F.71 x 100,000 a 31 Possible additional dissemination shown by a 6 Group, Bomber F.50/5 x 129,750 a Command report, of 147,750 leaflets distributed in March 1941. F.64 x 18,000 a.3 5 Mar Cumulative totals for March show additional disseminations by F.?? x 10,750 a both aircraft and balloon. There is no obvious explanation for the F.?? x 47,250 b.3 6 discrepancy. 513,500 a 438,375 b 951,875 ab 37 April 1941 4/5 Amiens, Lille. F.78 x 250,000 a 7/8 Caen, Laval, Lille, Paris, Rennes, Rouen, St.­Malo. F.50/6 x 76,500 a.3 8 F.78 x 100,000 a 10/11 Coast between Dieppe and Le Havre, Laval. F.50/6 x 73,500 b F.74 x 16,500 b.3 9 F.78 x 69,000 b 11/12 Reims F.78 x 150,000 b 12/13 Artois, Châlons­sur­Marne, Paris.4 0 F.70 x 105,000 b F.78 x 25,500 b.4 1 16/17 Cherbourg, Lille, Paris. F.70 x 250,000 a 17/18 Lille F.68 x 99,000 a 21/22 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.78, last recorded here on 24/25 April 1941. BCWD however records no operations being undertaken by Bomber Command on this night, nor were any additional leaflets delivered in April 1941. 24/25 Angers, Brest, Lille, Nantes, Paris.4 2 F.50/7a x 103,500 ab 43 F.70 x 396,000 a F.78 x 34,500 b 6 PART II: LEAFLET DIARY

1,225,500 a 523,500 b4 4 1,749,000 ab May 1941 2 No leaflet dissemination is recorded as having been carried out over France in the preceding week. 45 2/3 Amiens, Lille, Paris, Rennes. 46 F.50/7a x 94,500 a F.75 x 100,000 a F.85 x 150,000 a 3/4 Paris F.84 x 200,000 a 5 Vatan (by SOE aircraft) F.50/8 x 700 a.4 7 5/6 Arras. F.70 x 246,000 b.4 8 6/7 Beaumont, Fougères, Meaux, St.­Malo F.50/8 x 126,000 a.4 9 7 Limoges (by SOE aircraft). F.85 x 4,500 a.5 0 7/8 Paris, Rennes. 51 F.50/8 x 200,000 a 10 Châteauroux (by SOE aircraft) F.85 x 4,500 a.5 2 10/11 Chartres F.68 x 71,250 b F.75 x 100,000 b 12/13 Amiens, Beauvais, Lille. F.68 x 28,500 b.5 3 F.83 x 127,500 b F.87 x 300,000 a 13 Châteaubriant, Fougères, Parigny, Torigni­sur­Vire, Trevières, St.­ F.84 x 10,500 a Amand, St.­Sever­Calvados, Vitré (by SOE aircraft) 54 F.85 x 21,000 a 14/15 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.83, first recorded here on 12/13 May 1941. However, BCWD shows that Bomber Command carried out no operations on this night, nor were any additional leaflets delivered in May 1941. 15/16 Reims F.83 x 117,000 b 16/17 Paris, Reims, Rennes. F.91 x 374,400 a 17 BCWD records that in the three­week period beginning 17 May 1941, Bomber Command operations continued but on only eight occasions were night operations undertaken. 23/24 Between Metz and Saarbrucken F.50/9 x 46,200 b 1,586,100 a 736,450 b 2,322,550 ab. 55 June 1941 6 No leaflet dissemination was recorded during the preceding week. 56 8/9 Paris F.90 x ??? 57 BCWD records that the only activity undertaken by Bomber Command on this night involved a small attack on Dortmund, suggesting that this information may be wrong. Nor were there any additional leaflets delivered during June 1941. 10/11 Paris F.50/9 x 54,600 b 58 F.83 x 90,000 b 59 F.90 178,500 b 11/12 Arnay, Avallon, Bourges, Châlon­sur­Saône, Meulan, Nevers, F.50/9 x 270,000 a Orléans, Paris, Pontoise, Saulieu. F.50/10 x 44,000 a F.83 x 180,000 a F.87 x 162,000 a F.94 x 12,000 a F.95 x 81,000 a 12/13 Frévent, St.­Pol. F.83 x 66,750 b F.90 x 73,500 b F.95 x 50,000 b 60 7 BRITISH PROPAGANDA TO FRANCE, 1940—1944: ANNEXE ONE

13/14 Châlons­sur­Marne, Limoges, Paris, Troyes, Vichy. 61 F.50/9 x 52,000 a.6 2 F.50/10 x 104,000 a F.70 x 264,000 a F.83 x 43,200 a F.94 x 54,000 a.6 3 F.95 x 310,000 a F.100 x 61,000 b 15/16 Paris F.95 x 24,000 a 17/18 Châlons­sur­Marne, Paris, Vichy. F.50/10 x 44,000 a F.70 x 72,000 a F.95 x 117,000 a F.100 x 102,000 a 18/19 Bourges, Châteauroux, Orléans, Paris. F.50/10 x 44,000 a F.50/11 x 44,000 a F.100 x 48,000 a 20/21 Les Andelys, Avranches, Etampes, Le Havre, F.83 x 36,000 a F.100 x 90,000 a 21/22 Joigny, Montereau, Paris, Pithiviers F.50/11 x 44,000 a F.100 x 48,000 a F.101 x 12,000 a 23/24 Bourges, Châlon­sur­Saône, Cosne, Orléans, Paris F.50/10 x 12,000 a F.50/11 x 88,000 a F.83 x 144,000 a F.94 x 48,000 a F.101a x 16,000 a F.102 x 250,000 a 24/25 20 miles southwest of Paris, to Villeneuve F.102 x 250,000 a 25/26 Châlette, Clamecy, Montereau, Orléans, Paris, Yonne. F.50/11 x 240,000 a 64 F.50/12 x 84,000 a F.95 x 24,000 a F.100 x 54,000 a F.101 x 240,000 a F.101a x 98,000 a 26/27 30 miles southwest of Paris, to Paris F.50/12 x 36,000 a F.101 x 114,000 a 27/28 Abbeville, Beauvais, Lille, north of Paris.6 5 F.50/11 x 40,000 a F.95 x 21,000 a F.100 x 497,000 ab F.103 x 486,000 a 66 29/30 Chartres, Dieppe, Rouen F.101 x 50,000 b >4,804,200 a 863,350 b >5,667,550 ab6 7 July 1941 July Le Blanc, Limoges F.95 x 13,500 a F.103 x 54,000 a 2/3 Auxerre, Béthune, Lille, Orléans, Paris, St.­Fargeau. F.50/12 x 330,000 a F.50/12a x 40,500 a F.100 x 27,000 a F.101a x 48,000 a F.102 x 378,000 a 4/5 Avallon, St.­Florentin. F.50/11a x 40,500 a F.50/13 x 54,000 a 5/6 Le Mans, Orléans, Paris. F.102 x 378,000 a 68 F.103 x 216,000 a 8 PART II: LEAFLET DIARY

6/7 Châlons­sur­Marne, Etampes, Fontainebleau, Paris.6 9 F.50/12 x 90,000 a F.50/12a x 72,000 a F.50/13 x 330,000 a F.50/13G x 126,000 a 70 7/8 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.50/12, which is last recorded here on 10/11 September 1941, and of F.50/12a, which is last recorded here on 6/7 July 1941. BCWD shows that four OTU sorties were carried out, plus other operations over France, which may have carried leaflets, but there were no additional leaflets delivered during July 1941. 16/17 Auxerre, Chartres, Courtenay, Rouen, St.­Amand. F.50/14 x 108,000 a F.50/14G x 30,000 a 71 F.70 x 120,000 a F.83 x 86,400 a F.94 x 84,400 a 20/21 Arras, Châteaudun, Châteauroux, Paris, Reims, St.­Quentin, Tours. F.50/13 x 424,800 ab.7 2 F.50/14 x 60,000 a F.50/15 x 132,000 a F.102 x 63,750 b.7 3 F.103 x 214,000 a F.103a x 79,500 b 21/22 Orléans, Paris. F.50/14 x 66,000 a F.50/14G x 24,000 a.7 4 21/22 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.103, last recorded here on 20/21 July 1941. BCWD shows that there was one OTU sorties plus other operations carried out over France, which may have carried leaflets, but there were no additional leaflets delivered during July 1941. 22/23 Lille, Paris, Rouen. F.50/15 x 300,000 a 23/24 Lille, Paris, Rouen. F.50/14 x 24,000 a F.50/14G x 30,000 a 75 F.50/15 x 126,000 a F.50/16 x 12,000 a 27/28 Bourges, Le Châtre, Montmorillon. 76 F.107 x 312,000 a 4,250,300 a 244,050 b 4,494,350 ab7 7 August 1941 6/7 Le Blanc, Douai, Tours, Unknown (aircraft missing) Verdun. 78 F.50/16 x 150,000 b F.102 x 42,000 b F.103a x 163,500 b F.107 x 184,000 a BCWD records that two aircraft from OTUs carried out leaflet sorties to France, with one loss. The aircraft lost on 6/7 August 1941 was a Wellington IC, Z8807, of 11 OTU, which was on a dedicated leaflet mission over France. It is believed to be the first OTU bomber aircraft lost over enemy territory, but its crew all survived to become prisoners of war. They were: Sgts. J.A. Walker (RCAF), R. Charlesworth, T. Humphrey, R.C. Mackenzie (RCAF), L.E. Sparks, and S.G. Pryor.7 9 7/8 Blois, Bourges, Châteauroux, Montluçon F.50/16 x 180,000 a 16/17 Paris F.109a x 160,000 a 17/18 Paris F.50/19 x 291,000 a 80 F.109a x 336,000 a 18/19 Blois. 81 F.50/18 x 72,000 a 22/23 Limoges, Nevers, Vichy. F.50/18 x 72,000 a F.50/19 x 42,000 a 82 28/29 Paris F.50/17G x 162,000 a 83 30/31 Calais, Nancy. 84 F.50/20 x 205,500 b 9 BRITISH PROPAGANDA TO FRANCE, 1940—1944: ANNEXE ONE

1,499,000 a 561,000 b 2,060,000 ab8 5 September 1941 31/1 86 Arras, Reims, St.­Omer F.50/19 x 102,000 b 87 F.50/20 x 46,500 b 88 F.108 x 42,500 b 7/8 Chartres, Mantes, Paris, Le Tréport.8 9 F.110 x 210,000 b 8/9 Blois, Dieppe, Orléans, Rouen, Tours.9 0 F.108 x 57,500 b 91 F.110 x 90,000 b 9/10 Alençon, Dieppe. 92 F.109a x 200,000 b 10/11 Calais, Bassigny­en­Chaumont, Chaumont, Paris, Reims, St.­ F.50/12 x 12,000 a Quentin. 93 F.50/17 x 114,000 a F.50/22 x 162,000 b 94 F.50/22G x 75,750 b F.110 x 138,000 a BCWD records that three aircraft from OTUs carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 11/12 Calais, Douai, Nancy. 95 F.50/22G x 51,750 b.9 6 12/13 Angers, Dieppe, Le Mans. 97 F.114 x 119,000 b 13/14 Châtellerault, Limoges F.50/21 x 84,000 a 14/15 Calais, Douai, Mézières, Nancy. 98 F.114 x 48,000 b 15/16 Southwest France F.50/21 x 54,000 a 17 BCWD records that in the two­week period beginning 17 September 1941, Bomber Command operations continued although hampered by poor weather, with only eight nights being used for operations. 402,000 a 1,205,000 b 1,607,000 ab9 9 October 1941 30/1 Orléans, Paris, St.­Pol F.50/23 x 36,000 a F.50/24 x 12,000 a F.50/24G x 96,000 a 100 F.106 x 1,200 a BCWD records that a single Stirling carried out a leaflet flight to France, and that this was the only activity undertaken by Bomber Command on this night. 1/2 Cambrai, Dieppe, Limoges, Morlaix. 101 F.50/23 x 97,500 b F.50/24 x 174,000 ab 3/4 Châteauroux, Le Mans, Namur, Verviers F.50/24 x 42,000 a 5 BCWD records that Bomber Command undertook no operations between 5 and 10 October 1941 because of poor weather conditions. 10/11 Bayeux, Isigny­sur­Mer, Toulouse, Tours F.50/24 x 48,000 a 11/12 Dunkerque, Lille, Mons. 102 F.50/23 x 102,000 b F.50/24 x 49,500 b F.114 x 136,000 b 12/13 Toulouse F.50/24 x 6,000 a 14/15 Les Andelys, Dreux, Mantes, Paris, Orléans. F.50/19 x 6,000 a F.50/20 x 156,000 a F.50/21 x 84,000 a F.50/21G x 72,000 a F.50/24 x 126,000 a F.50/25 x 180,000 a F.50/25G x 162,000 a.1 03 F.110 x 18,000 a 17 BCWD records that between 17 and 20 October Bomber Command undertook only two minor daytime operations. 10 PART II: LEAFLET DIARY

20/21 Argentan, Le Mans, Paris, Saumur F.50/27 x 398,250 a F.50/27a x 60,000 a F.50/27G x 161,750 a.1 04 F.116 x 60,000 a 22/23 Amiens, Avallon, Calais, Meaux.1 05 F.50/27 x 109,500 b.1 06 26/27 Châteauroux, Cherbourg, Gournay, La Flèche, Limoges, Nantes, F.116 x 5,500 a Tours. F.118 x 64,000 a F.50/28 x 63,250 a.1 07 27/28 Arras, Calais, Reims, St.­Quentin. 108 F.50/27 x 189,750 b F.116 x 19,000 b 28/29 Chartres, Cherbourg, Paris. F.50/28 x 33,750 a F.118 x 240,000 a 29/30 Abbeville, Beauvais, Boulogne­sur­Mer, Paris.1 09 F.116 x 118,000 b F.117 x 66,750 b.1 10 F.117a x 11,000 b 30/31 Bordeaux, Boulogne­sur­Mer, Le Havre, Lille, Paris. F.116 x 34,000 ab.1 11 F.117 x 37,500 b F.119 x 1,358,000 ab.1 12 BCWD records that one Stirling carried out a leaflet flight to France, without loss. 3,335,700 a 1,298,500 b 4,634,200 ab1 13 November 1941 31/1 Béthune, Boulogne­sur­Mer, Hazebrouck, Lille, Lorient, Nantes, F.50/28 x 24,750 a Noyon, La Pallice, Paris, St.­Nazaire, St.­Omer, Soissons. 114 F.118 x 32,000 a F.119 x 309,000 a 1/2 Brest, Caen, Le Havre, Paris, La Rochelle, St.­Nazaire F.50/28 x 42,750 a 115 F.118 x 48,000 a F.119 x 48,000 a F.120 x 328,000 a 3/4 Escoublac­La Baule, Noirmoutier, St.­Nazaire F.116 x 12,000 a F.119 x 29,000 a 4/5 Boulogne­sur­Mer, Brest. F.50/28 x 4,500 a 5/6 Abbeville, Cherbourg, Paris, Le Touquet. F.50/28 x 24,000 a F.117 x 96,750 b 116 F.117a x 113,000 b 6/7 Le Havre, Nantes, Périgueux, Rennes. F.50/27 x 18,000 a F.50/28 x 93,750 a F.50/28G x 141,750 a.1 17 F.117 x 90,000 a 7/8 Boulogne­sur­Mer, Desvres, Douai, Gravelines, Montreuil­sur­Mer, F.50/28 x 33,000 a St.­Pol., Verdun. 118 F.50/29 x 36,000 a F.50/30 x 250,000 b.1 19 8/9 Calais, Dunkerque, Hazebrouck, Nancy. F.50/28 x 3,000 a F.50/29 x 6,000 a F.117a x 207,000 b 9/10 Dunkerque F.50/28 x 8,250 a 10 BCWD records that Bomber Command undertook no operations between 10 and 15 October 1941. 15/16 Boulogne­sur­Mer F.50/28 x 6,000 a 17 BCWD records that Bomber Command undertook only one operation between 17 and 23 October 1941, on the night of 18/19 October 1941. 11 BRITISH PROPAGANDA TO FRANCE, 1940—1944: ANNEXE ONE

23/24 Brest, Dunkerque, Lorient, Orléans, Paris, Pleubian. F.50/31G x 4,500 a F.117a x 117,000 a F.123 x 750,000 a F.126 x 64,950 a 25/26 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.50/32a, which is first recorded here on 26/27 November 1940. BCWD records no OTU sorties, but there were operations carried out over Brest and Cherbourg which may have additionally carried leaflets. 26/27 Cambrai, Le Cateau, Moulins, Ostende, Tonnerre. F.50/32a x 1,875 a F.115 x 76,000 a F.126 x 750 a 27/28 Gien, Limoges, Toucy, Tours F.50/32 x 3,000 a F.115 x 24,000 a 28/29 According to the Complete Index, this was the only date of dissemination of F.115, which is recorded here as having been disseminated between 26/27 and 27/28 November 1941. BCWD records no operations as being carried out on this date. Nov Cumulative totals suggest that an additional quantity of leaflets F.?? x 498,750 a.1 20 were dissemination by aircraft during November 1941. These may have included copies of F.50/32a and F.115. 2,878,575 a 666,750 b 3,545,325 ab1 21 December 1941 30/1 Orléans, Tours F.50/33 x 240,000 a F.128a x 352,000 a 1 BCWD records that Bomber Command undertook no operations between 1 and 7 December 1941. 7/8 Béthune, Boulogne­sur­Mer, Brest, Bruges, Calais, Dunkerque, F.50/29 x 18,000 a Lille, Nancy, Paris, St.­Omer, Unknown (aircraft missing). 122 F.50/32a x 67,875 ab F.50/34 x 120,000 a F.127 x 77,250 a F.129 x 168,000 a No aircraft engaged on dedicated leaflet missions were recorded lost on 7/8 December 1941. However, two aircraft, on operations to Dunkerque, Boulogne, and one to a target outside France were reported lost, so the aircraft mentioned here was probably one of those. 123 8/9 Abbeville, Bourges, Châteauroux, Paris, Pontoise, Rennes, F.50/32a x 144,000 ab Rouen. 124 F.50/34 x 54,000 a F.117a x 202,000 ab F.127 x 432,000 a F.129 x 312,000 a BCWD records that six Wellingtons from OTUs carried out leaflet flights to Paris, this being the only activity undertaken by Bomber Command on this date. 11/12 Brest, Le Havre. F.50/32a x 6,000 a F.127 x 93,000 a 12/13 Brest, Dunkerque, northwestern. France. F.50/32a x 9,000 a F.127 x 15,000 a 14/15 Brest F.50/32a x 1,500 a F.127 x 11,000 a 15/16 Orléans, Ostende, Paris. F.50/28 x 6,000 a F.117 x 18,000 a F.127 x 30,750 a 16/17 Brest, Dunkerque, Orléans, Paris, St.­Omer. F.127 x 51,750 a F.129 x 12,000 a F.131 x 114,000 a F.132 x 366,000 a 12 PART II: LEAFLET DIARY

17/18 Abbeville, Bourges, Brest, Montluçon, Paris, Orléans. 125 F.50/32a x 9,000 a F.50/35 x 84,000 a F.117 x 48,000 a F.117a x 290,000 ab F.127 x 11,250 a F.131 x 12,000 a F.132 x 66,000 a 18/19 Fécamp, Laval, Mayenne. 126 F.117a x 187,500 b 19/20 Arras, Calais, Reims. 127 F.117a x 86,500 b F.132 x 135,000 b 20/21 Arras, Calais, St.­Quentin.1 28 F.132 x 165,000 b 129 22/23 Brest, Dunkerque, Morlaix F.50/36 x 12,000 a 23/24 Brest, Calais, Dunkerque, Lens, Morlaix, Neufchâtel, Reims.1 30 F.50/37 x 153,000 ab 131 F.132 x 18,000 a 24/25 Calais, Cambrai, Verdun.1 32 F.50/32a x 3,000 a F.50/37 x 165,000 b.1 33 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.50/36, first recorded here on 22/23 December 1941. BCWD shows that there were no operations carried out on this night, suggesting that the 22/23 December dating may be correct. There were no additional leaflets delivered during December 1941. 26/27 Amiens, Calais, Meaux.1 34 F.133 x 150,000 b F.134 x 131,250 b 27/28 Abbeville, Boulogne­sur­Mer. F.50/36 x 19,500 a F.127 x 14,250 a 28/29 Dieppe, Rouen.1 35 F.133 x 126,000 b F.134 x 28,500 b 30/31 Caen, Dieppe, Évreux. 136 F.133 x 106,500 b F.134 x 106,500 b 17 x 3,064,125 a 1,984,750 b 5,048,875 ab1 37 1941 >26,794,000 a 10,494,725 b >37,288,725 ab1 38

January 1942 31/1 Louviers F.133 x 67,500 b F.134 x 117,750 b.1 39 2/3 Nantes, Redon, Rennes, Rouen, St.­Malo, St.­Nazaire, F.50/32a x 2,625 a F.50/36 x 14,250 a F.50/38 x 114,000 a F.127 x 31,500 a 3/4 Brest F.50/36 x 1,500 a F.127 x 36,000 a 5/6 Brest, Cherbourg, La Flèche, Rennes, Saumur. F.50/32a x 9,000 a F.50/36 x 48,750 a F.50/38 x 98,250 a F.127 x 48,750 a F.133 x 6,000 a F.134 x 28,500 a 6/7 Lille, Orléans, Paris F.50/36 x 30,000 a F.50/37 x 60,000 a F.136 x 1,980,000 a 13 BRITISH PROPAGANDA TO FRANCE, 1940—1944: ANNEXE ONE

7/8 Boulogne­sur­Mer, Brest, Châteaulin, Paris, Rouen, St.­Nazaire. 140 F.50/36 x 12,500 a F.50/38 x 7,500 a F.129 x 97,500 a F.134 x 66,000 b F.137 x 328,500 b.1 41 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of both F.137 and F.137a. It appears that statistics concerning F.137a have been merged with those concerning F.137 throughout surviving documents. 8/9 Brest, Cherbourg, Le Mans, Rouen, Paris.1 42 F.50/36 x 4,500 a F.50/38 x 111,750 a F.127 x 24,750 a F.137 x 723,000 ab. F.1 143 x 30,000 a 9/10 Brest, Châteaulin, Lignères, Rânes, Rennes. F.50/36 x 2,250 a F.50/38 x 4,500 a F.127 x 12,000 a F.129 x 3,000 a F.133 x 6,000 a F.1 x 56,250 a BCWD records that a single Manchester carried out a leaflet flight to France, without loss. 10/11 Paris F.1 x 33,750 a BCWD records that a single Hampden carried out a leaflet flight to France, without loss. 11/12 Brest F.134 x 3,000 a 144 12/13 Albert, Calais, Soissons F.3 x 267,000 b 15/16 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.137a, which, other than references derived from the Index, is not mentioned here. BCWD records no operations being carried out over France; the main task of the evening was bombing Hamburg and Emden. 17/18 Dunkerque F.134 x 3,000 a F.137 x 24,000 a F.3 x 6,000 a 19/20 Boulogne­sur­Mer, Paris F.3 x 275,250 b.1 45 21/22 Boulogne­sur­Mer, Paris, Rouen. 146 F.134 x 5,250 a F.137 x 92,250 a F.1 x 258,000 a F.2 x 489,000 b F.3 x 392,250 ab BCWD records that nine Hampdens and three Manchesters carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 22/23 Béthune, Boulogne­sur­Mer, Dunkerque, Lille, Paris. F.137 x 563,250 ab.1 47 F.2 x 111,000 b F.3 x 211,500 a BCWD records that five Hampdens carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 25/26 France, Pontivy, Rennes F.129 x 27,500 a F.137 x 92,250 a F.3 x 35,250 a F.6 x 28,500 a 26/27 Brest, Calais, Lille, Soissons. F.127 x 14,250 a F.134 x 750 a F.5 x 356,250 ab BCWD records that two Hampdens carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 14 PART II: LEAFLET DIARY

28/29 Boulogne­sur­Mer, Douai, Doullens, France, Hazebrouck, Lens, F.117 x 41,000 a Munster, Paris, St.­Omer. F.129 x 60,000 a F.137 x 45,000 a F.3 x 77,250 a F.4 x 156,000 a F.5 x 48,000 a F.6 x 78,000 a BCWD records that two aircraft carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. Jan Cumulative totals suggest additional leaflets were disseminated F.?? x 2,046,500 a/b during January 1942. 148 These may have included copies of F.137a, but there is no other obvious explanation for the discrepancy. 4,960,875 a 3,018,000 b 2,046,500 a/b 10,025,375 ab1 49 February 1942 31/1 Boulogne­sur­Mer, Châteauroux, Bourges, Brest, Cap Fréhel, F.50/36 x 18,000 a Cherbourg, Dijon, Guingamp, Loudéac, Paris, Redon, Rennes, St.­ F.129 x 6,000 a Malo, St.­Nazaire.1 50 F.136 x 1,020,000 a F.137 x 38,250 a F.3 x 63,000 a F.4 x 397,500 a F.5 x 334,500 ab.1 51 F.7 x 279,000 ab BCWD records that thirteen aircraft carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 1 BCWD records that Bomber Command undertook no operations only sporadically between 1 and 10 February 1942, operating only three times by night. 4/5 Blois, Dieppe. 152 F.7 x 21,000 b 9/10 Dieppe, Poitiers, Rouen. 153 F.7 x 235,500 b 10/11 Brest, Calais, Lille, Verdun.1 54 F.127 x 6,000 a F.7 x 60,000 b F.11 x 469,500 b.1 55 11/12 Caen, Rouen, Cherbourg, France, Lisieux, Paris, Rennes F.5 x 384,750 a F.7 x 151,500 a BCWD records that five aircraft carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 13/14 Bernay, France, Lisieux, Rouen, F.7 x 6,000 a F.10 x 15,750 a F.11 x 312,000 a 156 14/15 Bernay, France, Le Havre, 35 miles northwest of Paris. F.7 x 141,000 a F.10 x 5,250 a F.11 x 6,000 a BCWD records that a single Manchester undertook a leaflet flight to France, without loss. 15/16 Dieppe, Le Havre, Tours.1 57 F.137 x 159,000 b F.7 x 1,500 a F.11 x 490,500 b.1 58 16/17 Cherbourg, Lille, Paris, Rennes. F.4 x 78,000 a F.5 x 51,000 a F.7 x 228,000 a F.10 x 72,000 a F.11 x 114,000 a F.12 x 114,000 a BCWD records that twenty­two aircraft were involved in leaflet flights to France and Belgium on this date. 17/18 Cherbourg, Paris. F.10 x 108,000 a BCWD records that three Hampdens carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 15 BRITISH PROPAGANDA TO FRANCE, 1940—1944: ANNEXE ONE

18/19 Lille, Paris. F.11 x 45,000 a F.12 x 44,250 a F.18 x 444,000 a BCWD records that seven aircraft carried out leaflet flights to France and Belgium. 19/20 Lille, Paris. F.4 x 124,500 a F.5 x 48,000 a F.12 x 48,000 a F.15 x 60,000 a BCWD records that seven aircraft carried out leaflet flights to France and Belgium. 22/23 Valenciennes F.117 x 80,000 a BCWD records that two Hampdens carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 23/24 Lille. F.11 x 7,500 a F.12 x 20,250 a F.16 x 120,000 a 24/25 Paris. F.5 x 45,000 a F.16 x 120,000 a F.17 x 162,000 a F.18 x 324,000 a BCWD records that five aircraft carried out leaflet flights to France and Belgium, without loss. 25/26 Lille, Paris. F.16 x 48,000 a F.17 x 240,000 a BCWD records that three aircraft carried out leaflet flights, but does not state their destination. 26/27 BCWD records that five Hampdens carried out leaflet flights, but does not state their destination. Given that there is no other indication of leaflets being dropped over France on this day and that leaflet totals for the month tally, it seems likely that these flights did not carry leaflets for France. 5,668,250 a 1,638,750 b 7,307,000 ab1 59 March 1942 ‘M’ Balloon Unit carried out no dissemination over France during March 1942.1 60 2 It was reported that in the preceding week 1,293,250 leaflets had been disseminated, of which 288,000 had been copies of the Courrier de l'Air. Only 1,086,750 leaflets are recorded above in the period from 23/24, however: a shortfall of 206,500. All copies of the Courrier de l'Air (F.16 exclusively) are exactly accounted for. 161 There is no obvious explanation for the discrepancy. 3/4 Le Havre, Paris. F.6 x 84,000 a F.8 x 1,585,000 a BCWD records that two Whitleys carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 4 BCWD records that Bomber Command undertook no operations between 4 and 7 March 1942. 7/8 Brittany Coast, St.­Nazaire, Western Brittany F.6 x 12,000 a F.17 x 264,000 a 8/9 Le Havre, Rennes F.6 x 60,750 a F.16 x 31,500 a BCWD records that one Hampden carried out a leaflet flight to France, without loss. 9/10 Boulogne­sur­Mer F.16 x 30,000 a 10/11 Amiens, Boulogne­sur­Mer, western France. F.6 x 150,000 a F.7 x 184,500 a F.15 x 24,000 a F.17 x 48,000 a F.18 x 18,000 a F.21 x 7,500 a 12/13 Lille. F.117 x 33,000 a F.129 x 75,000 a BCWD records that one Hampden carried out a leaflet flight to France, without loss. 16 PART II: LEAFLET DIARY

13/14 Boulogne­sur­Mer to south of Lille, Dunkerque, Paris, Unknown F.15 x 72,000 a (aircraft missing). F.17 x 270,000 a F.20 x 588,000 a F.21 x 216,000 a BCWD records that seven Hampdens carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. No aircraft engaged on dedicated leaflet missions were recorded lost on 13/14 March 1942. However, three aircraft on operations to Dunkerque and Boulogne, and one to a target outside France were reported lost, so the aircraft mentioned here was probably one of those.1 62 14 BCWD records that no night operations were carried out by Bomber Command between 14 and 23 March 1942. 18/19 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.16, last recorded here on 9/10 March 1942. BCWD records no operations being carried out on this night, suggesting that the 9/10 March dating may be correct. 23/24 Lorient F.27 x 5,250 a 24/25 Brest, Lorient F.27 x 31,500 a 25/26 Brittany, Dieppe, Duisberg­Hamborn, mid and south France, Lille, F.117 x 22,500 a Paris, Ploërmel, Pontivy, Rennes, St.­Nazaire, Unknown (aircraft F.129 x 85,500 a missing). F.6 x 139,500 a F.13 x 24,000 a F.15 x 48,000 a F.17 x 600,000 a F.22 x 120,000 a F.26 x 1,025,250 a F.27 x 348,000 a BCWD records that thirty aircraft carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. Four of these aircraft, which went to Lille, were operated by No. 460 Squadron, RAAF. 163 No aircraft engaged on dedicated leaflet missions were recorded lost on 25/26 March 1942. However, two aircraft, one minelaying in the River Loire and the other on operations to St.­ Nazaire, and nine aircraft to a target outside France were reported lost, so the aircraft mentioned here was probably one of those. 164 26/27 Nantes, Paris, Prehat, Rennes F.6 x 130,500 a F.13 x 156,000 a F.26 x 360,000 a F.27 x 94,500 a BCWD records that fifteen aircraft carried out leaflet raids to France, without loss. 27/28 Brittany F.15 x 12,000 a F.17 x 24,000 a F.26 x 352,200 a 28/29 Lens, Paris F.15 x 300,000 a F.17 x 246,000 a F.20 x 12,000 a F.22 x 57,000 a F.26 x 237,750 a According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.27, last recorded here on 26/27 March 1942. BCWD records that fourteen aircraft carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. Four of these aircraft, which went to Lens, were operated by No. 460 Squadron, RAAF. 165 29/30 Lille F.13 x 45,000 a F.26 x 144,000 a BCWD records that six aircraft carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. March Cumulative totals suggest that an additional quantity of leaflets F.?? x 470,300 a 166 were disseminated by aircraft. This may in part be the result of the same missing information discussed above on 2 March 1942, and it may be that this included copies of F.16 and F.27 8,844,000 a 17 BRITISH PROPAGANDA TO FRANCE, 1940—1944: ANNEXE ONE

April 1942 ‘M’ Balloon Unit carried out no dissemination over France during April 1942.1 67 1/2 Dieppe, La Ferté­sous­Jouarre, Le Havre, Lille, Paris, Rouen, F.6 x 24,000 a Unknown (aircraft missing). F.8X x 603,000 a F.13 x 23,250 a F.17 x 198,000 a F.22 x 70,500 a F.26 x 197,250 a F.28 x 42,000 a F.29 x 159,000 a F.30 x 23,500 a BCWD records that five aircraft carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. No aircraft engaged on dedicated leaflet missions were recorded lost on 1/2 April 1942. However, two aircraft, on operations to Le Havre and Poissy, and twelve aircraft to targets outside France were reported lost, so the aircraft mentioned here was probably one of those, carrying out leaflet dissemination as a secondary part of another mission. 168 2/3 Le Havre, Paris, Poissy. F.6 x 72,000 a F.8X x 351,000 a F.13 x 4,500 a F.17 x 21,000 a F.22 x 72,000 a F.26 x 46,125 a 5/6 Amiens, Béthune, occupied France, Le Havre, Lens, Lille, Roubaix, F.129 x 51,000 a Paris. F.6 x 105,000 a F.8X x 456,000 a F.13 x 4,500 a F.17 x 84,000 a F.22 x 456,000 a F.26 x 456,000 a F.28 x 36,000 a F.29 x 237,000 a 8/9 Chartres, Paris F.117a x 36,000 a F.129 x 22,500 a F.13 x 27,000 a F.17 x 396,000 a F.20 x 300,000 a F.22 x 399,000 a F.25 x 270,000 a F.29 x 222,000 a F.30 x 6,850 a BCWD records that sixteen aircraft carried out leaflet flights to France and Belgium with the loss of a single Manchester which crashed into the sea. 10/11 Le Havre, Lille (presumed: aircraft missing), Paris F.17 x 195,000 a F.22 x 192,000 a F.25 x 75,000 a F.26 x 3,375 a F.28 x 174,000 a F.29 x 128,250 a BCWD records that five aircraft carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. No aircraft engaged on dedicated leaflet missions were recorded lost on 10/11 April 1942. However, one aircraft on operations to Le Havre, and fifteen aircraft to targets outside France were reported lost, so the aircraft mentioned here was probably one of those, suggesting that the aircraft was probably dropping leaflets as a second part of another mission. 169 18 PART II: LEAFLET DIARY

12/13 Le Havre, Paris F.8X x 36,000 a F.17 x 12,000 a F.25 x 60,000 a F.26 x 3,000 a F.28 x 36,000 a F.29 x 82,500 a F.31 x 135,000 a 13/14 BCWD records that three aircraft carried out leaflet flights without loss, but does not indicate their destination. 14/15 Le Havre, Lille F.26 x 114,000 a F.28 x 12,000 a F.32 x 27,000 a 15/16 Brittany, Glegherec, Le Havre, Josselin, Rennes F.26 x 153,000 a F.29 x 19,500 a F.31 x 114,000 a F.32 x 117,000 a BCWD records that four aircraft carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 16/17 Brittany, Cherbourg, Lille, Rouen, Unknown (aircraft missing) F.25 x 60,000 a F.26 x 58,875 a F.29 x 327,750 a F.31 x 3,000 a F.32 x 287,000 a BCWD records that eleven aircraft carried out leaflet raids to France, without loss. No aircraft engaged on dedicated leaflet missions were recorded lost on 16/17 April 1942. However, two aircraft minelaying near the mouth of the River Loire and the Deodars were reported lost, so the aircraft mentioned here was probably one of those. 170 17/18 Brittany, Le Havre F.22 x 6,000 a F.25 x 192,000 a F.31 x 150,000 a 20/21 Bourges, St.­Etienne, Toulouse. F.37 x 306,000 a.1 71 22/23 Le Havre, Rennes F.22 x 21,000 a F.32 x 138,000 a F.34 x 36,000 a BCWD records that one aircraft carried out a leaflet flight to France, without loss. 23/24 Limoges F.37 x 108,000 a.1 72 24/25 Calais, Dunkerque, Lille, Rennes F.13 x 7,500 a F.17 x 96,000 a F.22 x 36,000 a F.32 x 54,000 a F.34 x 88,500 a F.35 x 210,000 a F.36 x 207,500 a BCWD records that three aircraft carried out leaflet flights without loss, but does not indicate their destination. 25/26 Albert, Dunkerque, Paris, Rouen, Le Tréport. F.22 x 288,000 a F.32 x 90,000 a F.34 x 37,500 a F.35 x 30,000 a F.36 x 390,000 a BCWD records that five aircraft carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 26/27 Dunkerque, Lens, Lille. F.32 x 90,000 a F.33 x 123,000 a F.34 x 294,000 a F.35 x 24,000 a 19 BRITISH PROPAGANDA TO FRANCE, 1940—1944: ANNEXE ONE

Total distribution since 27/28 March is recorded to be 12,609,455 (12,297,455 being to the Occupied Zone, and 312,000 to the Unoccupied Zone), suggesting an additional distribution of 259,280 leaflets during the period. 173 27/28 Calais, Charleroi, Dunkerque, Givet, Lille, Reims, Rethel, F.22 x 40,500 a Unknown (aircraft missing), Valenciennes. F.33 x 302,628 a F.34 x 96,750 a F.35 x 18,000 a BCWD records that three Lancasters from No. 5 Group and five Wellingtons from OTUs carried out leaflet flights to France. The aircraft lost on 27/28 April 1942 was a Wellington IC, X9635, of 27 OTU, which was on a dedicated leaflet mission to the Lille area. Its crew, F/O G. Chick (RAAF), and Sgts. M.B. Renfrey (RAAF), F.J. Dodd, J.R. Stukins and A.J. Glaister (RAAF), were all killed and are buried at Heverless War Cemetery in Belgium. 174 29/30 Paris, Rouen F.8X x 549,000 a F.34 x 51,000 a F.38 x 28,500 a F.39 x 85,500 a April Cumulative totals suggest an additional quantity of leaflets were F.?? x 546,227 a.1 75 disseminated by aircraft. These may have been delivered on 13/14 April 1942. 12,638,330 a May 1942 30/1 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.19, only recorded here on 24/25 May 1942. BCWD shows no operations being carried out by Bomber Command on this date. 2/3 Guer, Loudéac, Lyon, Rennes. F.13 x 10,125 a F.32 x 483,750 a F.33 x 75,200 a F.34 x 204,000 a F.35 x 288,000 a F.36 x 156,000 a F.37 x 54,000 a.1 76 BCWD records that eleven aircraft carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 3/4 Guingamp, Laval, Marseille, Orléans, Paris, Rennes, St.­Dizier, St.­ F.13 x 16,500 a Etienne, Toulon F.15 x 303,000 b.1 77 F.17 x 37,500 a F.32 x 82,500 a F.34 x 123,000 a F.38 x 103,500 a F.43 x 336,000 a.1 78 BCWD records that eight aircraft carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 4/5 Amiens, Châlons­sur­Marne, Clermont­Ferrand, Limoges, Lyon, F.13 x 95,250 b Nantes, Paris, Pontivy, Redon, Roanne, Unknown (aircraft F.15 x 306,750 b.1 79 missing), Vichy, Vire F.17 x 204,000 a F.18 x 72,000 a F.22 x 288,000 a F.33 x 15,376 a F.38 x 54,500 a F.43 x 654,000 a BCWD records that six aircraft carried out leaflet flights to France. The aircraft lost on 4/5 May 1942 was a Stirling I, R9313, of 218 Squadron, which was on a dedicated leaflet mission to the Laon area. It was shot down by a combination of two British fighters while returning to base. Its crew, P/Os C.MacQ. Farquaharson and A.W. Grace, F/S St. John, and Sgts. H.J.V. Ashworth, Medhurst, W.R. Watt, Murray and W.J. Hayden, survived without injury.1 80 20 PART II: LEAFLET DIARY

5/6 Amiens, Clermont­Ferrand, Lyon, Marseille, Montargis, F.13 x 243,000 b Montpellier, Nantes, Nimes, Paris, Rennes, St.­Dizier, St.­Etienne, F.15 x 122,250 b.1 81 St.­Lô, Toulon, Troyes, Verdun, Vichy, Vire F.22 x 240,000 a F.30 x 30,080 a F.32 x 90,000 a F.33 x 30,000 a F.34 x 24,000 a F.37 x 18,000 a F.38 x 427,000 a F.40 x 240,000 a F.41 x 1,512,000 a F.45 x 2,490,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.34, last recorded here on 2/3 May 1942. BCWD records that ten aircraft carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 6/7 Bayeux, Clermont­Ferrand, Laval, Lille, Limoges, Lyon, Nantes, F.17 x 54,000 a Rennes, Thionville, Vichy F.33 x 21,244 a F.36 x 156,000 a F.37 x 324,750 a F.38 x 52,500 a F.41 x 48,000 a F.45 x 1,651,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.30, last recorded here on 5/6 May 1942. BCWD records that nine aircraft carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 7 Bruce Lockhart, the Director­General of PWE, reported to Brendan Bracken, the Minister of Information, that ‘from May 3 to May 7 inclusive nearly 5,000,000 leaflets were dropped over France, the vast majority over the unoccupied portion.’ Nearly 10.5 million leaflets are listed here for this period. 182 7/8 Clermont­Ferrand, Vichy F.45 x 696,000 a BCWD records that one Halifax carried out a leaflet flight to France, without loss. 8/9 St.­Nazaire F.36 x 24,000 a 9 BCWD records that Bomber Command undertook only minor operations between 9 and 17 May 1942, operating at night on only three occasions. 17/18 Boulogne­sur­Mer, Vichy F.40 x 25,500 a F.47 x 1,008,000 a BCWD records that one Stirling carried out a leaflet flight to France, without loss. 19/20 Bayeux, Brittany, Caen, Châteaubriant, Le Mans, Moulins, Paris, F.17 x 96,000 a Rennes, Rouen, St.­Nazaire, Vire F.32 x 21,750 a F.33 x 49,932 a F.36 x 72,000 a F.40 x 38,250 a F.41 x 352,500 a F.46 x 150,000 a F.47 x 1,368,000 a F.48 x 129,000 a BCWD records that thirteen aircraft carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 22/23 Brittany F.17 x 60,000 a F.32 x 54,000 a F.33 x 18,048 a 24/25 Cambrai, Châteauroux, Tours F.19 x 72,000 a F.46 x 240,000 a BCWD records no operations being undertaken by Bomber Command on 24/25 May 1942; the period between 24 and 29 May 1942 Bomber Command carried out only one night and one day operation, both very small­scale. 21 BRITISH PROPAGANDA TO FRANCE, 1940—1944: ANNEXE ONE

26/27 Total distribution since 27/28 April is recorded to be 16,747,883 (9,503,633 to the Occupied Zone, and 7,244,250 to the Unoccupied Zone), some 640,750 leaflets fewer than are listed above. Cambrai, Châteauroux, Nîmes and Toulon are not referred to as targets, but, additionally, Toulouse and Tours are.1 83 27 Since the beginning of the year, Bomber Command had lost in action on leaflet operations across Europe 3 Wellingtons from 71 sorties despatched, 2 Whitleys from 62 sorties, and one Manchester from 56 sorties despatched. One Stirling had also been lost, though not in action, from 13 sorties despatched. 128 Hampden, six Halifax and seven Lancaster sorties had also been completed without loss. This was seven losses in 343 sorties, or 2%.1 84 29/30 Beauvais, Cherbourg, Dieppe, Gennevilliers, Paris, Rouen, F.8X x 1,144,500 a Unknown (aircraft missing) F.13 x 10,500 a F.17 x 22,500 a F.40 x 13,500 a F.42 x 264,000 a F.46 x 120,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.19, only recorded here on 24/25 May 1942, the first date of dissemination of F.44, first recorded here on 3/4 June 1942, and the first date of dissemination of F.53, which is not mentioned except in references derived from the Index. BCWD records that three aircraft carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. No aircraft engaged on dedicated leaflet missions were recorded lost on 29/30 May 1942. However, six aircraft, on operations to Gennevilliers, and one aircraft to a target outside France were reported lost, so the aircraft mentioned here was probably one of those. 185 May A report issued in June 1943 stated that in the period between March and May 1943, stated that 8,811,500 copies of F.8 were disseminated. If ‘F.8’ in this context also referred to F.8X, a total dissemination of 4,724,500 copies are recorded as being disseminated above, meaning that 4,087,000 copies are unaccounted for. And if all the unidentified leaflets distributed in March, April and May (3,649,781 leaflets) were assumed to have been entirely F.8 and F.8X, 437,219 leaflets would remain unaccounted for. 186 May Cumulative totals suggest that an additional quantity of leaflets F.?? x 2,556,504 a were disseminated by aircraft and balloon during May 1942. These F.?? x 3,250 b.1 87 may have included F.19, F.34, F.40, F.44 and F.53. 19,273,009 a 1,073,500 b 20,346,509 ab June 1942 31/1 Bourges, Nancy, Metz F.44 x 347,250 b.1 88 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.45, last recorded here on 7/8 May 1942, and the first date of dissemination of F.57, only recorded here on 5/6 June 1942. BCWD records that on this date only two aircraft were despatched, to check bombing damage in Cologne. 1/2 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.61, first recorded here on 7/8 June 1942. BCWD records no operations being carried out over France, the main task for the night being the second ‘Thousand Bomber’ raid, this time to Essen, and Intruder operations against the German air force. 2/3 Amiens, Brittany, Rennes F.22 x 178,000 a F.41 x 162,000 a F.46 x 14,250 a F.48 x 9,000 a F.49 x 162,000 a BCWD records that four Hampdens carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 22 PART II: LEAFLET DIARY

3/4 Brittany, Dieppe, Lille, Le Mans, Rennes, Le Tréport, F.13 x 21,750 a F.18 x 84,000 a F.22 x 310,500 a F.41 x 427,500 a F.44 x 183,750 a F.48 x 6,000 a F.59 x 24,000 a BCWD records that five aircraft carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 4/5 Amiens, Dieppe F.59 x 24,000 a F.64 x 324,000 a BCWD records that two aircraft carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 5/6 Paris, Peronne, Rennes F.22 x 12,000 a F.44 x 11,250 a F.57 x 219,000 a F.63 x 216,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.13, last recorded here on 3/4 June 1942. BCWD records that three aircraft carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 7/8 Angers, Paris, Rennes F.22 x 30,000 a F.41 x 18,000 a F.42 x 40,500 a F.44 x 15,000 a F.48 x 54,000 a F.61 x 225,000 a F.66 x 75,000 a BCWD records that three aircraft carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 8/9 Caen, Dieppe, Évreux, Ruhr F.17 x 36,000 a F.33 x 25,380 a F.59 x 552,000 a F.63 x 30,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.52, which is only recorded here on 19/20 June 1942, and the final date of dissemination of F.53, which is not mentioned except in references derived from the Index. BCWD records that one Stirling carried out a leaflet flight to France, without loss. 9/10 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.69, which is only recorded here on 23/24 October 1942, and the first date of dissemination of F.70, which is first recorded here on 19/20 June 1942. BCWD records only minelaying operations in the North and Baltic seas. 11/12 Caen, Évreux F.66 x 300,000 a 12 BCWD records that Bomber Command undertook no operations between 12 and 16 June 1942. 16/17 Le Mans F.62 x 180,000 a F.67 x 90,000 a BCWD records that nine aircraft carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 17/18 Albert, Alençon, Dreux, north coast of France, Guingamp, Lorient, F.39 x 3,000 a Ostende, Paris, Pontivy, Reims, St.­Brieuc, St.­Nazaire, Le Tréport. F.44 x 389,250 b.1 89 F.48 x 6,000 a F.61 x 78,000 a F.66 x 300,000 a F.67 x 90,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.69, which is only recorded here on 23/24 October 1942. BCWD records that two Stirlings carried out leaflet flights, without loss, but does not indicate their destination. 18/19 Montargis, Orléans, Troyes F.44 x 212,250 b.1 90 23 BRITISH PROPAGANDA TO FRANCE, 1940—1944: ANNEXE ONE

19/20 Chartres, Dunkerque, Le Mans, Rouen, Le Tréport. F.33 x 18,000 a F.52 x 180,000 a F.58 x 360,000 a F.61 x 90,000 a F.66 x 360,000 a F.67 x 90,000 a F.68 x 180,000 a F.70 x 180,000 a F.71 x 354,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.62, only recorded here on 16/17 June 1942, and the first date of dissemination of F.65, first recorded here on 27/28 June 1942. BCWD records that five aircraft carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 20/21 Lille, Tours F.58 x 600,000 a F.66 x 165,000 a F.68 x 120,000 a F.71 x 6,000 a BCWD records that three aircraft carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 21/22 Albert, Furnes, Guingamp, Pontivy, Rennes, St.­Brieuc, Le Tréport, F.61 x 63,000 a Vannes F.66 x 180,000 a F.70 x 66,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of both F.75 and F.76, which are both first recorded here on 27/28 June 1942. BCWD records that two aircraft carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 22/23 Cambrai, Cap d’Antifer, Laon, Rouen. F.59 x 108,000 a F.70 x 60,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.71, last recorded here on 20/21 June 1942, and the only date of dissemination of F.72, which is not mentioned here otherwise. BCWD records that two Stirlings carried out leaflet flights without loss, but does not indicate their destination. 23/24 Angers, Brest, Brittany, Châteaubriant, Loudéac, Pontivy, Morlaix, F.17 x 24,000 a Pruabet, St.­Brieuc, St.­Nazaire F.22 x 85,500a F.33 x 2,068 a F.48 x 24,750 a F.61 x 18,000 a F.63 x 45,000 a F.66 x 420,000 a BCWD records that one Lancaster carried out a leaflet flight without loss, but does not indicate its destination. 24/25 Brittany, Pontivy. F.48 x 16,500 a F.63 x 84,000 a F.66 x 90,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.77, which is not mentioned here except in references derived from the Index. 25/26 Meaux, Nantes, Paris, Soissons F.44 x 251,250 b.1 91 26/27 Brittany, Lannion, Pontivy. F.66 x 51,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.17, last recorded here on 23/24 June 1942. 24 PART II: LEAFLET DIARY

27/28 Caen, Chartres, Le Mans, Orléans, Rouen. F.33 x 45,000 a F.42 x 216,000 a F.48 x 48,000 a F.58 x 240,000 a F.60 x 156,000 a F.65 x 54,000 a F.66 x 396,000 a F.73 x 300,000 a F.75 x 468,000 a F.76 x 198,000 a BCWD records that six Halifaxes carried out leaflet flights, without loss, but does not indicate their destination. Since 27/28 May, a total distribution for the period of 23,129,719 (21,390,719 to the Occupied Zone and 1,739,000 to the Occupied Zone) is recorded, an additional 9,659,021 leaflets to that listed above. Twenty­seven additional targets inside France are also listed: Argentan, Bailleul, Bourg­Argental, Châlons [sur­Marne?], Châteaudun, Châteauroux, Châtillon­le­Roi, Clermont­ Ferrand, Desvres, Dissay, Égreville, Limoges, Lisieux, Loches, Lyon, Mantes, Montluçon, Nevers, Périgueux, Poix, Samer, Saumur, Sens, Serqueux, Vendôme, Verneuil and Vichy are additional destinations, plus the more generalised south of the River Loire, the Loire to Coast, the River Meuse, and the Demarcation Line. Three targets outside France are also listed, Deventer (Holland), and Anvers and Dixmunde (Belgium). Finally, Legionieres, and Manieres, and are also mentioned, but cannot be identified as French towns. The blanket terms ‘Brittany’ and ‘north coast of France’, as used above, probably account for the more specific references to Les Andelys, Charleval, Compiègne, Le Crotoy, Domfront, Fécamp, the Fôret de Bretonne, Le Havre, Lens, Marolles, Morgny, and St.­Julien. 192 28/29 Angers, Laval. F.42 x 22,500 a F.48 x 22,500 a F.59 x 132,000 a F.70 x 24,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.79, which is first recorded here on 29/30 June 1942. BCWD records that one Stirling carried out a leaflet flight without loss, but does not indicate its destination. 29/30 Angers, Bourges, Paris, Tours. F.33 x 6,000 a F.42 x 47,250 a F.48 x 12,000 a F.65 x 306,000 a F.66 x 444,000 a F.75 x 132,000 a F.76 x 276,000 a F.78 x 300,000 a F.79 x 150,000 a BCWD records that five aircraft carried out leaflet flights without loss, but does not indicate their destination. June Cumulative totals suggest that an additional quantity of leaflets F.?? x 8,621,000 a were disseminated by aircraft.1 93 This may have included F.13, F.17, F.45, F.52, F.53, F.57, F.61, F.62, F.65, F.69, F.71, F.72, F.75, F.76, and F.77. 21,193,948 a 1,200,000 b 22,393,948 ab1 94 July 1942 ‘M’ Balloon Unit’s operations over France were suspended by the Air Ministry for the duration of July 1942. 195 25 BRITISH PROPAGANDA TO FRANCE, 1940—1944: ANNEXE ONE

5 It was recorded that since 28 June, 1,900,250 copies of 10 varieties of leaflet dropped over Occupied France (Angers, Laval, Paris and Tours), and 504,000 copies of 2 varieties of leaflet dropped over Unoccupied France (Bellac, Mâcon and Vichy, and between Limoges and Châteauroux). The data above shows 1,764,250 copies of 11 varieties of leaflet dropped over Occupied France (including, additionally, Bourges) and no leaflet dissemination over any part of Unoccupied France. 196 5/6 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.81, first recorded here on 8/9 July 1942. BCWD records that minelaying operations took place off St.­Nazaire, and conceivably these aircraft might have carried leaflets. 6/7 Angers, Laval, Lorient, Pontivy. F.66 x 144,000 a F.76 x 30,000 a 8/9 Amiens, Paris, Rouen. F.76 x 276,000 a F.78 x 900,000 a F.79 x 300,000 a F.80 x 63,000 a F.81 x 60,000 a BCWD records that five Halifaxes carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 12/13 Angers, Guingamp, Pontivy, St.­Brieuc. F.48 x 150,000 a F.76 x 96,000 a BCWD records that one Lancaster carried out a leaflet flight to France, without loss. 13/14 Lille, Lyon, Paris, Vichy . F.86 x 262,500 a F.87 x 180,000 a F.88 x 1,680,000 a F.89 x 2,229,000 a.1 97 BCWD records that six aircraft carried out leaflet flights without loss, but does not indicate their destination. 14 The Free French rename themselves the Fighting French. 14/15 Amiens, Vichy. F.42 x 60,000 a F.64 x 102,000 a F.80 x 15,000 a F.86 x 30,000 a F.88 x 240,000 a F.89 x 360,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.66, last recorded here on 6/7 July 1942. BCWD records that four aircraft carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 15 BCWD records that between 15 and 21 July 1942, Bomber Command carried out operations on only two nights, one of which was a single leaflet flight to Belgium. 21/22 Angers, Le Mans, Nantes, Paris. F.80 x 231,000 a F.83 x 220,000 a F.84 x 348,000 a F.85 x 144,000 a F.90 x 120,000 a BCWD records that six aircraft carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 23/24 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.94, only recorded here on 25/26 July 1942. BCWD records that the main task on this date was the bombing of Duisburg, but other minor operations were also taking place, of which none are given a specific destination. 26 PART II: LEAFLET DIARY

25/26 Amiens, Chartres, Paris. F.80 x 198,000 a F.81 x 300,000 a F.82 x 186,000 a F.84 x 246,000 a F.91 x 150,000 a F.93 x 198,000 a F.94 x 60,000 a F.95 x 132,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.90, which was only recorded here on 21/22 July 1942. BCWD records that seven Halifaxes carried out leaflet flights without loss, but does not indicate their destination. Since 27/28 June, a total distribution of the period of 13,612,750 is reported (10,117,750 to the Occupied Zone and 3,495,000 to the Unoccupied Zone), and additional 2,138,000 leaflets to that listed above. Thirteen additional destinations inside France are also recorded: Abbeville, Arras, Bellac, Châteauroux, Clermont­Ferrand, Limoges, Maçon, Melun, Moulins, Pointe de la Percée, St.­Valéry, Valenciennes, and Vire. No reference is made to the dissemination of 21/22 July over Le Mans. 198 28/29 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.81, last recorded here on 25/26 July 1942. BCWD records that the main task for this date was the bombing of Hamburg, which involved OTU aircraft; other minor operations were also undertaken but no specific information is given. 29/30 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.77, which is not mentioned here except in references derived from the Index, and the first date of dissemination of F.96, first recorded here on 5/6 August 1942. BCWD records that the only task undertaken was the bombing of Saarbrücken, which may have provided an opportunity for leaflet dissemination en route as the town is near the Franco­German border. 30/31 At sea, approx. 310 miles west of Les Sables d’Olonne. 200 F.99 x 168,000 a 201 199 BCWD contains no record of this or of any of the other leaflet flights carried out in 1942 and 1943 which intentionally dropped leaflets at sea. It is probable that they were all carried out by Coastal Command. July Cumulative totals suggest that an additional quantity of leaflets was F.?? x 1,952,000 a.2 02 disseminated by aircraft in July 1942. These may have included copies of F.66, F.81, F.90, and F.94. 11,830,500 a August 1942 4/5 Alençon, Paris, Reims F.92 x 222,000 b F.97 x 252,000 b.2 03 5/6 Amiens, Compiègne, Lille, Louviers, Maubeuge, Rennes, Rouen. F.59 x 612,000 a F.78 x 588,000 a F.82 x 60,000 a F.91 x 82,500 a F.92 x 253,500 ab F.96 x 54,000 a F.97 x 190,500 b.2 04 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.85, only recorded here on 21/22 July 1942, the final date of dissemination of F.95, only recorded here on 25/26 July 1942, the only date of dissemination of F.98, not recorded elsewhere, and the first date of dissemination of F.100, first recorded here on 12/13 August 1942. BCWD records that fourteen aircraft carried out leaflet flights without loss, but does not indicate their destination. 6/7 At sea, in the Bay of Biscay. F.99 x 168,000 a 205 9/10 Le Havre F.42 x 69,750 a F.59 x 12,000 a F.76 x 12,000 a 27 BRITISH PROPAGANDA TO FRANCE, 1940—1944: ANNEXE ONE

11/12 Le Havre, Vichy. F.41 x 504,000 a F.42 x 204,750 a F.44 x 90,000 a F.48 x 177,000 a F.76 x 9,000 a F.91 x 67,500 a According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.82, last recorded here on 5/6 August 1942, and the first date of dissemination of F.103, only recorded here on 22/23 August 1942 BCWD records that three Lancasters carried out leaflet flights without loss, but does not indicate their destination. 12/13 Amiens, Châlons­sur­Marne. F.42 x 92,250 a F.76 x 182,250 a F.100 x 47,840 a BCWD records that two Lancasters carried out leaflet flights without loss, but does not indicate their destination. 18/19 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.97, last recorded here on 18/19 October 1942. BCWD records that the main task for the night was the bombing of Flensburg, and some minelaying in the North Sea. 20/21 Châteaudun, Dijon, Lyon, St.­Etienne. F.111 x 414,120 a According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.108, only recorded here on 6/7 September 1942. BCWD records that five Halifaxes carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 22/23 Paris F.92 x 126,000 a F.96 x 126,000 a F.100 x 41,600 a F.101 x 41,600 a F.103 x 187,200 a BCWD records that three Halifaxes carried out leaflet flights to Paris, without loss. This was the only activity undertaken by Bomber Command on this date. 23 BCWD records that Bomber Command undertook operations on only one night between 23 and 27 August 1942. 23/24 Montargis, St.­Dizier, Troyes F.92 x 153,750 b F.97 x 483,750 b.2 06 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.100, last recorded here on 22/23 August 1942. BCWD records no operations undertaken by Bomber Command on this date. 27/28 Béthune, Lille, Reims. F.42 x 97,500 a F.48 x 85,500 a F.76 x 109,500 a F.104 x 137,280 a According to the Complete Index, this was the only date of dissemination of F.112, not recorded here otherwise. BCWD records that four aircraft carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. Since 28/29 July, a total distribution over the period of 9,056,245 (7,479,925 to the Occupied Zone and 1,576,320 to the Unoccupied Zone) is recorded, but this does not appear to include those leaflets dropped at sea. Overall, this is an additional 3,605,605 leaflets (if the quantity of leaflets dropped at sea are included, the difference is 2,933,605). Additional destinations listed are Abbeville, Bourg­Argental, Cabourg, Clermont­Ferrand, Flers, Fougères, Guingamp, Lisieux, Loches, Maçon, Le Mans, Montluçon, Nîmes, Point de la Percée, Riom, Roanne, St.­ Valéry, Vervins, and Vienne. 207 28 PART II: LEAFLET DIARY

28/29 Bourges, Paris. F.114 x 187,200 a BCWD records that three Halifaxes carried out leaflet flights without loss, but does not indicate their destination. Aug Cumulative totals suggest that an additional quantity of leaflets was F.?? x 4,052,150 a.2 08 disseminated by aircraft. These may have included F.82, F.85, F.95, F.97, F.98, F.100, and F.103. 8,692,490 a 1,501,500 b 10,193,990 ab2 09 September 1942 ‘M’ Balloon Unit carried out no disseminations to France during September 1942.2 10 1/2 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.96, last recorded here on 22/23 August 1942. BCWD records that the only operation undertaken was the bombing of Saarbrücken (in actual fact the nearby town of Saarlouis was mistakenly targeted) providing the possibility of some leaflet dissemination en route. 6/7 Paris, Reims F.22 x 93,000 a F.48 x 45,750 a F.78 x 144,000 a F.108 x 52,000 a F.109 x 52,000 a F.111 x 2,080 a F.114 x 62,400 a BCWD records that five aircraft carried out leaflet flights without loss, but does not indicate their destinations. 8/9 Cambrai, St.­Quentin F.92 x 18,750 a 15 The poor dissemination of leaflets in the past week was stated to be because ‘… every available bomber was being concentrated on Germany [or] … to the RAF’s vast commitment overseas … Bomber Command would not be able to drop any more leaflets on France at present … [Also] there were now no training flights dropping leaflets on France.’ 211 17/18 Béthune, Lille, Lyon, Paris, St.­Etienne, Tourcoing F.125 x 1,170,000 a BCWD records that three Halifaxes carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. This was the only activity undertaken by Bomber Command on this date. 18/19 Clermont­Ferrand, Vichy. F.125 x 390,000 a BCWD records that one Halifax carried out a leaflet flight to France, without loss. 19/20 Amiens, Metz, Reims, Unknown (aircraft missing) F.22 x 36,000 a F.48 x 78,000 a F.107 x 231,000 a F.117 x 132,000 a F.118 x 84,000 a F.119 x 24,000 a F.120 x 60,000 a F.121 x 48,000 a No aircraft engaged on dedicated leaflet missions were recorded lost on 19/20 September 1942. Only one aircraft was lost over France and is therefore the most likely candidate. This was a Whitley V, Z6940 MA­? of 161 Squadron, undertaking an SOE mission, crashed near Boulogne, with the loss of its crew, F/Ss F.McL. McDonald (RCAF) and J.D. Watts, P/O M.R. Symonds, and Sgts. W.E.R. Wright, A.R. Ashford, and H. Pateman, who are all buried in Boulogne Eastern Cemetery. Eleven aircraft to targets outside France were also reported lost. 212 29 BRITISH PROPAGANDA TO FRANCE, 1940—1944: ANNEXE ONE

21 PWE was informed ‘that no more leaflets are likely to be dropped over France for the time being, owing mainly to the RAF’s heavy and consistent attacks against Germany and large commitments overseas.’2 13 27/28 Since 28/29 August, a total dissemination over the period of 3,609,035 (2,397,395 to the Occupied Zone and 1,211,640 to the Unoccupied Zone) is recorded, an additional 698,855 leaflets. Additional destinations listed are: Bergerac, Bourg­Argental, Brive, La Clayette, Douai, Lens, Limoges, Montélimar, Montluçon, Nevers, Orléans, Pau, and Villefranche­sur­Saône. 214 Sept Cumulative totals suggest that an additional quantity of leaflets F.?? x 237,825 a.2 15 were disseminated by aircraft. There is no obvious explanation for this discrepancy. 2,960,805 a October 1942 1/2 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.83, only recorded here on 21/22 July 1942, and the first date of dissemination of F.126, first recorded here on 9/10 October 1942. BCWD records that the operations for the night took Bomber Command to Wismar, Flensburg and Lübeck. 5 PWE is told ‘that arrangements had now been completed for Army Cooperation Command aircraft to drop leaflets over France.’ 216 5/6 According to the Complete Index, this is the final date of dissemination of F.48, last recorded here on 9 October 1942. BCWD records that the only operation undertaken was the bombing of Aachen. 6 At sea, off the Spanish coast.2 17 F.99 x 54,000 a 7 At sea, approx. 210 miles west of Brest. 218 F.48 x 24,000 a 219 8 At sea, in the Bay of Biscay. 220 F.48 x 96,000 a 8/9 St.­Brieuc F.107 x 54,000 a 9 At sea. 221 F.48 x 120,000 a 9/10 Béthune, Lens, Lille F.119 x 162,000 a F.120 x 162,000 a F.121 x 45,000 a F.122 x 36,000 a F.123 x 43,200 a F.124 x 18,000 a F.126 x 144,000 a 10/11 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.119, last recorded here on 9/10 October 1942. BCWD records that minelaying was undertaken off the Biscay ports, and leaflets may conceivably have been carried by these aircraft. 13 The RAF stated that Army Cooperation Command hoped to make twelve sorties a week, disseminating 360 packages of leaflets (the equivalent of 3,240,000 single­sided leaflets), while Bomber Command OTUs hoped to make ten sorties weekly which would account for 200 packages (1,800,000 single­sided leaflets). 222 16/17 BCWD records that five aircraft from OTUs carried out sorties, but does not indicate whether they carried leaflets or their destination. 18/19 Bourges, Langres, Luneville, Nevers, Sarreguemines. F.92 x 153,750 b F.97 x 366,750 b.2 23 21/22 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.126, last recorded here on 28/29 October 1942, and the only date of dissemination of F.127, which is not recorded here otherwise. BCWD shows that the only Bomber Command operations undertaken involved minelaying in the North Sea. 22/23 Nevers F.78 x 240,000 a 23/24 Paris F.69 x 42,000 a 24/25 Béthune, Lens, Lille, Paris F.22 x 1,066,500 a F.120 x 90,000 a F.121 x 138,000 a F.124 x 254,000 a F.129 x 120,000 a 30 PART II: LEAFLET DIARY

According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.125, last recorded here on 18/19 September 1942. 26/27 Brittany, Nantes, Unknown (aircraft missing) F.89 x 31,500 a F.120 x 18,000 a No Bomber Command aircraft are reported lost for this date, suggesting that the aircraft involved came from one of the other RAF Commands involved in leaflet dissemination. 224 27/28 BCWD records that four aircraft from OTUs carried out sorties, but does not indicate whether they carried leaflets or their destination. 28/29 Nantes F.126 x 24,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination for both F.134 and F.135, both of which are only recorded here in references derived from the Index. Oct Cumulative totals suggest an additional quantity of leaflets F.?? x 4,603,950 a.2 25 disseminated by aircraft. These may have included copies of F.48, F.83 F.119, F.125, F.126, F.127, F.134 and F.135, and may have been delivered on 16/17 and 27/28 October 1942. 7,586,150 a 520,500 b 8,106,650 ab 226 November 1942 31/1 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.78, last recorded here on 22/23 October 1942, and the final date of dissemination for both F.134 and F.135, both of which are only recorded here in references derived from the Index. BCWD records that the only operations undertaken involved minelaying off the Biscay ports, the aircraft involved conceivably capable of additionally carrying leaflets. 2/3 Amiens, Lille, Paris, F.122 x 18,000 a F.123 x 1,600 a F.124 x 360,000 a F.129 x 360,000 a F.137 x 360,000 a BCWD records that Bomber Command undertook no operations on this night. 3/4 Alençon, Bayeux, Le Mans, Vichy F.120 x 42,000 a F.122 x 18,000 a F.123 x 11,200 a F.124 x 54,000 a F.129 x 222,000 a F.136 x 108,000 a F.137 x 576,000 a F.138 x 144,000 a 6/7 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.133, first recorded here on 21/22 November 1942. BCWD records that four OTU sorties were carried out, but does not indicate whether these were leaflet operations or their destination. 7/8 Caen, Rennes F.136 x 144,000 a F.137 x 72,000 a F.138 x 144,000 a 8/9 Le Blanc, Bordeaux, Clermont­Ferrand, Lille, Limoges, Lyon, F.140 x 4,860,000 a Marseille, Nancy, Nantes, Orléans, Paris, Reims, Roubaix, Rouen, F.141 x 4,860,000 a St.­Etienne, Strasbourg, Toulon, Tourcoing, Vichy. F.142a x 1,620,000 a F.142b x 1,620,000 a F.143 x 3,142,400 a.2 27 BCWD records that twenty­six Stirlings of No.3 Group carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. This was a special operation. 9/10 Bordeaux, Clermont­Ferrand, Limoges, Lyon, Marseille, Nancy, F.140 x 2,646,000 a Nantes, Orléans, Paris, Reims, Rouen, St.­Etienne, Strasbourg, F.142a x 661,500 a Toulon, Toulouse, Vichy. F.142b x 661,500 a F.143 x 2,316,800 a.2 28 31 BRITISH PROPAGANDA TO FRANCE, 1940—1944: ANNEXE ONE

BCWD records that fifteen Stirlings carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 13/14 Cambrai, Lens, Lyon, Paris F.144 x 264,000 a F.146 x 252,000 a F.147 x 432,000 a 14/15 Paris F.147 x 540,000 a 16/17 Bordeaux, Limoges, Marseille, Nantes, Toulon F.147 x 1,536,000 a F.148 x 312,000 a BCWD records that five Halifaxes carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 17/18 Clermont­Ferrand, Lille, Lyon, Nantes, Orléans, Reims, Rouen, St.­ F.147 x 2,365,500 a Etienne, Toulouse, Unknown (aircraft missing), Vichy BCWD records that fourteen aircraft carried out leaflet flights to France, with one loss. The aircraft lost on 17/18 November 1942 was a Halifax II, W7863 NP­V, of 158 Squadron, which crashed near Consigny in the Haute­Marne. Six of its crew: S/L P. de G. Seymour, P/O L.J. Fairbairn (RNZAF), and Sgts G. Johnson, R.B. Greensmith, D.L.W. Anstruther and C.J. Murray were killed, and are buried at Consigny Communal Cemetery. P/O G.V. Slide survived to become a POW.2 29 18/19 Le Mans, Nantes, Paris F.143 x 48,000 a 230 F.147 x 1,164,000 a F.148 x 270,000 a BCWD records that five aircraft from OTUs carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 20/21 Béthune, Lens, Paris F.145 x 720,000 a F.147 x 720,000 a 21/22 Blois, Gien, Metz, Nantes, Paris, St.­Dizier. F.133 x 301,500 b.2 31 F.143 x 40,000 a F.150 x 900,000 a 22/23 Blois, Chartres, Paris, Reims, Sedan F.133 x 538,500 ab.2 32 BCWD records that one aircraft from an OTU carried out a leaflet flight to France, without loss. 23/24 Le Mans, Rouen, Tours F.143 x 80,000 a F.147 x 252,000 a 26/27 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.144, only recorded here on 13/14 November 1942, the final date of dissemination of F.147, last recorded here on 23/24 November 1942, and the final date of dissemination of F.150, only recorded here on 21/22 November 1942. 28/29 Limoges, Maçon, Paris, Roubaix, La Rochelle, Rouen, Tourcoing, F.133 x 657,750 ab. Vichy. F.149 x 725,250 b.2 33 F.151 x 27,000 a F.152 x 54,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.44, last recorded here on 11/12 August 1942, and the first date of dissemination of F.149, which is first recorded here on 2/3 December 1942. Nov Cumulative totals suggest that an additional quantity of leaflets was F.?? x 30,200 a.2 34 disseminated by aircraft. These may have included copies of F.44, F.78, F.133, F.134, F.135, F.144, F.147 and F.149. 35,860,700 a 1,392,000 b 37,252,700 ab 235 December 1942 ‘M’ Balloon Unit carried out no leaflet disseminations to France in December 1942.2 36 30/1 Lille, Nantes, Paris, Roubaix. F.151 x 216,000 a F.152 x 108,000 a 2/3 Avranches, Vichy F.143 x 48,000 a F.149 x 44,800 a 32 PART II: LEAFLET DIARY

4/5 Abbeville, Amiens, Arras, Beauvais, Berck­sur­Mer, Caen, F.149 x 88,000 a Compiègne, Douai, Lille, Le Mans, Marigny, Paris, Rennes, Reims, F.151 x 48,000 a St.­Quentin, Soissons F.152 x 774,000 a F.153 x 288,000 a 5/6 Lille, Nantes, Paris, Rouen F.149 x 175,200 a F.151 x 9,000 a F.152 x 72,000 a 7/8 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.154, only recorded here on 12/13 December 1942. BCWD records only that minelaying operations were carried out from the Biscay area to the North Sea. 9/10 Lille F.156 x 63,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of both F.155 and F.157, both first recorded here on 11/12 December 1942. 11/12 Amiens, Arras, Béthune, Caen, Évreux, Lille, Orléans, Paris, Rouen F.149 x 112,000 a F.155 x 120,000 a F.157 x 120,000 a 12/13 Angers, Laval, Lille, Le Mans, Orléans, Paris, Reims, Roubaix, F.151 x 135,000 a Tourcoing, Tours F.153 x 36,000 a F.154 x 109,500 a F.156 x 99,000 a F.157 x 318,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.152, last recorded here on 5/6 December 1942. 17/18 Nantes F.143 x 128,000 a 20/21 Beauvais, Gournay, Le Mans, Orléans, Rouen, Tours F.160 x 240,000 a BCWD records that four Wellingtons from OTUs carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 22/23 Orléans F.156 x 216,000 a 23 BCWD records that between 23 and 29 December 1942, Bomber Command undertook only minor operations, and operated by night on only three occasions. 29/30 Le Mans, Paris, Rouen F.163 x 150,000 a F.164 x 78,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.162, first recorded here on 3/4 January 1943. 30/31 Angers, Caen, Le Mans, Nantes, Orléans, Rennes, Rouen, St.­Lô F.156 x 126,000 a F.163 x 90,000 a F.164 x 324,000 a F.168 x 216,000 a F.169 x 360,000 a Dec Cumulative totals suggest an additional quantity of leaflets was F.?? x 2,698,600 a.2 37 disseminated by aircraft. These may have included F.152, F.154, F.155, F.157, and F.162. 7,610,100 a 1942 147,119,067 a 10,344,250 b 2,046,500 a/b 159,509,817 ab.2 38

January 1943 31/1 239 Angers, Caen, Craon, Limoges, Le Mans, Nantes, Orléans, Rennes, F.149 x 25,600 a Rouen, Tours F.156 x 9,000 a F.165 x 312,000 a F.166 x 6,400 a F.168 x 234,000 a 2/3 BCWD records that two aircraft from OTUs carried out sorties, but does not indicate whether 33 BRITISH PROPAGANDA TO FRANCE, 1940—1944: ANNEXE ONE

they carried leaflets or their destination. 3/4 Angers, Bourges, Caen, Chartres, Chaumont, Falaise, Limoges, F.133 x 156,000 b Melun, Orléans, Paris, Poitiers, Rouen, Sarreguemines. F.149 x 277,500 b F.155 x 498,750 ab.2 40 F.162 x 12,800 a F.163 x 140,000 a F.164 x 120,000 a F.165 x 85,500 a F.166 x 9,600 a F.169 x 240,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.157, last recorded here on 12/13 December 1942. 4/5 Avallon, Chaumont, Saarguemines. F.155 x 357,000 b 241 8/9 Bayeux, Caen, Orléans, Troyes, Verdun, Rouen F.155 x 185,250 b.2 42 F.166 x 32,000 a F.170 x 63,000 a 9/10 According to the Complete Index, this was the only date of dissemination of F.171, only recorded elsewhere here on 11/12 January 1943. BCWD records that the main task of the night was the bombing of Essen, with additional minelaying operations in the North Sea. 11/12 Beauvais, Bernay, Blois, Caen, Chartres, Criel­sur­Mer, Dreux, Le F.162 x 25,600 a Mans, Melun, Nantes, Orléans, Paris, Rouen, Tours, Vélizy­ F.166 x 80,000 a Villacoublay. F.170 x 183,000 a F.171 x 600,000 a 12/13 Nantes F.155 x 234,000 a 13/14 Amiens, Domfront, Le Mans, Rouen, Tours, Vernon F.162 x 19,200 a 14/15 Bernay, Bretigny, Caen, Chartres, Châteauroux, Compiègne, Le F.155 x 120,000 a Creusot, Dijon, Franco­German border, Limoges, Le Mans, F.162 x 19,200 a Mantes, Melun, Montluçon, Orléans, Paris, Reims, Rennes, La F.165 x 147,752 a Roche­Guyon, Rouen, St.­Lô, Tours, Troyes, Unknown (aircraft F.166 x 254,400 a missing). F.170 x 111,000 a F.1 x 1,486,500 ab F.2 x 102,000 a F.3 x 434,000 a F.4 x 447,750 b The aircraft lost on 14/15 January 1943 was a Wellington III, DF614 of 29 OTU, which was on a dedicated leaflet mission to the Nancy area. Its crew, Sgts. E.A. Kelly, G.W. Brothwell, D.C. Nelson, A.S. Grove and S. Cookson were all killed, and are buried in France. 243 15/16 Etampes, Melun F.1 x 48,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.133, last recorded here on 28/29 November 1942. 23/24 Rouen F.4 x 1,968,000 a BCWD records that four Whitleys from OTUs carried out leaflet flights to French towns [sic], without loss. 24/25 Chartres, Reims, Sedan. F.1 x 123,000 b F.4 x 790,500 b.2 44 26/27 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.149, last recorded here on 3/4 January 1943, the first date of dissemination of F.5, first recorded here on 13/14 February 1943, the only date of dissemination of both F.6 and F.7, which are not otherwise recorded here, the first date of dissemination of both F.9 and F.10, both first recorded here on 9/10 February 1943, and the first date of dissemination of F.11, only recorded here on 18/19 February 1943. BCWD records that eighteen OTU sorties were carried out, but does not indicate whether these were leaflet operations. 29/30 Caen, Dieppe, Fécamp, Fougères, Lamballe, Louviers, Nantes, F.165 x 33,000 a Paris, Rennes, Rouen, St.­Brieuc, St.­Quentin. F.170 x 117,000 a F.2 x 279,000 a 34 PART II: LEAFLET DIARY

F.8 x 60,000 a On 29/30 January 1943 a Wellington IC, W5705, of 21 OTU, took off on a leaflet operation, probably to France, from Moreton­in­Marsh, Gloucestershire. It crashed near Stroud, Gloucestershire, killing Sgt. J.W. McCausland RCAF. It is not made clear if the aircraft crashed shortly after take­off or before landing. 245 30/31 Paris F.8 x 52,500 a Jan Cumulative totals suggest an additional quantity of leaflets were F.?? x 2,815,550 a.2 46 disseminated by aircraft. These may have included F.133, F.149, F.157, F.171, F.5, F.6, F.7, F.9, F.10 and F.11, and may have been delivered on 2/3 and 26/27 January 1943. 10,443,602 a 2,871,750 b 13,315,352 ab2 47 February 1943 2/3 BCWD records that one aircraft from an OTU carried out a sortie, but does not indicate whether it carried leaflets or its destination. 3/4 Nancy, Vichy F.162 x 27,200 a F.1 x 234,000 a F.13 x 66,000 a 4/5 Avallon, Avranches, Bourges, Chartres, Etampes, Melun, Orléans, F.165 x 36,000 a Rennes, St.­Lô, Sarreguemines. F.4 x 1,038,750 b F.12 x 120,000 b 6/7 Paris. F.166 x 1,600 a F.13 x 210,000 a 7/8 Le Mans, Orléans, Rennes, Troyes. F.12 x 547,500 b.2 48 9/10 Beauvais, Gisors, Gournay, Poitiers, Rouen, Unknown (aircraft F.165 x 9,000 a missing) F.9 x 162,000 a F.10 x 72,000 a F.12 x 48,000 a F.14 x 36,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.166, last recorded here on 6/7 February 1943. No Bomber Command aircraft are reported lost for this date, suggesting that the aircraft involved came from one of the other RAF Commands involved in leaflet dissemination. 249 11/12 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.17, first recorded here on 12/13 February 1943, and the first date of dissemination of F.18, first recorded here on 13/14 February 1943. BCWD indicates five OTU sorties were carried out, although it is not indicated if these involved leaflets, plus minelaying operations from La Pallice to the North Sea. 12/13 Gournay, Orléans, Unknown (aircraft missing) F.165 x 6,000 a F.12 x 249,000 a F.17 x 21,000 a The only Bomber Command aircraft lost on 12/13 February 1943 was a minelayer which crashed before leaving England. This suggests that the leaflet­carrying aircraft lost may have come from one of the other RAF Commands involved in leaflet dissemination. 250 13/14 Avranches, Limoges, Orléans, Paris, Rouen, St.­Lô, St.­Sauveur, F.143 x 1,600 a Troyes. F.161 x 24,000 a F.165 x 6,000 a F.1 x 324,000 a F.4 x 240,000 a F.5 251 x 4,800 a F.8 x 138,000 a F.9 x 15,000 a F.10 x 156,000 a F.12 x 651,000 a 252 F.13 x 277,500 a 35 BRITISH PROPAGANDA TO FRANCE, 1940—1944: ANNEXE ONE

F.14 x 90,000 a F.16 x 480,000 a F.17 x 12,000 a F.18 x 150,000 a 15/16 Chartres, Paris, Vernon F.143 x 3,200 a F.161 x 8,000 a F.165 x 3,000 a F.1 x 48,000 a F.5 x 6,400 a F.8 x 6,000 a F.10 x 144,000 a F.12 x 24,000 a F.17 x 63,000 a BCWD records that two Wellingtons from OTUs carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 16/17 Angôuleme, Bourges, Clermont­Ferrand, Orléans, Paris, Rochefort. F.1 x 240,000 a F.4 x 672,000 a F.9 x 30,000 a F.12 x 532,500 b F.14 x 18,000 a F.15 253 x 72,000 a F.16 x 72,000 a F.20 x 42,000 b.2 54 17/18 Avallon, Bourges, Chaumont, Nantes F.20 x 258,000 b.2 55 18/19 Bar­le­Duc, Longwy, Orléans, Paris, Troyes F.11 x 144,000 a F.12 x 144,000 a F.20 x 939,000 ab.2 56 BCWD records that nine aircraft from OTUs carried out leaflet flights, with the loss of one Wellington, but does not indicate their destination. The aircraft lost on 18/19 February 1943 was a Wellington III, BK160, of 12 OTU. It took off from Chipping Warden and was lost without trace. Its crew were: P/O A.R. Shepherd, and Sgts. J.E. Parkes (RAAF), A.R. York, K.W. Keen and A.H. Martin (RAAF). 257 25/26 Clermont­Ferrand, Paris. F.1 x 108,000 a F.4 x 288,000 a F.8 x 96,000 a F.19 x 261,000 a F.20 x 126,000 a F.21 x 588,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.24, first recorded here on 26/27 February 1943. 26/27 Amiens, Châlon­sur­Sâone, Guéret, Nantes, Paris, La Rochelle, F.14 x 132,000 a Rouen, Ruffec, Vichy. F.15 x 328,000 a F.16 x 528,000 a F.20 x 290,250 b.2 58 F.24 x 357,000 a F.25 x 144,000 a. According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.26, first recorded here on 4/5 March 1943. 36 PART II: LEAFLET DIARY

27/28 Caen, Cherbourg, Clermont­Ferrand, Évreux, Pontoise F.12 x 45,000 a F.13 x 24,000 a F.20 x 312,750 b.2 59 Feb Cumulative totals suggest an additional dissemination by aircraft F.?? x 2,476,689 a and balloon. These may have included copies of F.166, F.17, F.18, F.?? x 126,000 b.2 60 F.24 and F.26, and the aircraft dissemination may have taken place on 2/3 and 11/12 February 1943. 11,546,989 a 3,606,750 b 15,153,739 ab March 1943 28/1 Clermont­Ferrand, Nantes, Orléans, Paris, Redon, Vichy F.1 x 18,000 a F.12 x 387,000 a F.14 x 54,000 a F.17 x 162,000 a F.22 x 26,880 a F.27 x 31,584 a 1/2 Angers, Lille, Paris, Tours. F.5 x 34,400 a F.16 x 120,000 a F.17 x 66,000 a F.24 x 9,000 a F.27 x 75,200 a 3/4 Limoges, Orléans, Paris. F.17 x 27,000 a F.27 x 58,656 a F.28 x 376,000 a F.29 x 72,000 a 4/5 Lille, Orléans, Tours. F.9 x 126,000 a F.10 x 72,000 a F.19 x 129,000 a F.20 x 474,000 a F.21 x 12,000 a F.22 x 12,800 a F.26 x 1,896,000 a 5/6 La Capelle, Compiègne, Louviers. F.21 x 258,000 b 7/8 Domfront, Flers, Limoges, Paris, Redon F.12 x 36,000 a F.27 x 103,024 a F.28 x 144,000 a 9/10 Nantes F.27 x 22,184 a F.28 x 61,500 a F.30 x 45,120 a 10/11 Beauvais, Clermont­Ferrand, Le Havre, Rouen, St.­Quentin F.27 x 45,120 a F.30 x 67,680 a F.33 x 658,500 b 12/13 Domfront, Rouen, St.­Lô, Vire. F.12 x 36,000 a F.22 x 25,600 a F.24 x 42,000 a F.25 x 156,000 a F.26 x 24,000 a F.32 x 237,000 a 13/14 Abbeville, Amiens, Angers, Caen, Cognac, Fontenay­le­Comte, F.12 x 24,000 a Fougères, Laval, Le Mans, Libourne, Limoges, Mantes, Montluçon, F.22 x 37,120 a Nantes, Niort, Orléans, Paris, Poitiers, Rouen, Tours, Vichy. F.23 x 44,800 a F.27 x 81,968 a F.28 x 300,000 a F.29 x 567,000 a 37 BRITISH PROPAGANDA TO FRANCE, 1940—1944: ANNEXE ONE

F.31 x 300,000 a F.32 x 450,000 a F.33 x 780,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.8, last recorded here on 25/26 February 1943. 14/15 Tours. F.10 x 12,000 a 15 BCWD records that between 15 and 23 March 1942 Bomber Command undertook only minor operations, operating on only three nights. 23/24 Lille. F.22 x 19,200 a F.26 x 1,128,000 a F.31 x 300,000 a F.33 x 756,000 a F.34 x 192,000 a F.36 x 270,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.37, F.38 and F.41, all first recorded here on 27/28 March 1943. BCWD records that twenty­one aircraft from OTUs carried out leaflet flights to French towns [sic], with the loss of one Wellington. The aircraft lost on 23/24 March 1943 was a Wellington III, X3991, of 16 OTU, which was on a dedicated leaflet mission to the Orléans area. It crashed at Pontgouin (Eure­et­Loir), with the loss of all crew: P/Os V.N. Ballard (RAAF), P.W. Masters, A.R. Dicker, and G.B. Gibson, and Sgts. J.E. Jones and H.R. Kinder. All are buried in Pontgouin Communal Cemetery. 261 26/27 Orléans. F.34 x 90,000 a F.35 x 300,000 a BCWD records that five aircraft from OTUs carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 27/28 Orléans, Rouen. F.5 x 4,800 a F.34 x 60,000 a F.37 x 30,000 a F.38 x 27,750 a F.41 x 18,750 a F.42 x 180,000 a 28/29 Le Creusot, Franco­German border, Paris. F.33 x 541,500 b F.37 x 63,000 a F.38 x 126,000 a F.40 x 12,375 b F.41 x 75,000 a F.42 x 300,000 a March Cumulative totals suggest an additional quantity of leaflets F.?? x 1,202,741 a.2 62 disseminated by aircraft. These may have included copies of F.8, F.37, F.38 and F.41. 13,024,877 a 1,470,375 b 14,495,252 ab April 1943 2/3 Besançon, Châlon­sur­Sâone, Coutances, Montluçon, La Roche, F.165 x 15,000 a St.­Lô. F.12 x 12,000 a F.40 x 185,250 b.2 63 3/4 Angers, Dreux, Évreux, Le Havre, Nantes, Orléans, Pontoise, F.39 x 150,000 a Reims, Soissons. F.40 x 240,375 ab.2 64 F.44 x 200,000 a F.47 x 600,000 a 4/5 Abbeville, Angers, Châteauroux, Limoges, Melun, Montluçon, F.23 x 48,640 a Nantes, Orléans, Paris, Poitiers, Rouen, Troyes. F.28 x 3,000 a F.29 x 18,000 a F.33 x 312,000 a 38 PART II: LEAFLET DIARY

F.37 x 370,500 a F.39 x 105,000 a F.40 x 102,000 a F.41 x 93,000 a F.43 x 60,000 a F.44 x 96,000 a F.45 x 108,000 a F.47 x 396,000 a 8/9 Belfort, Châlon­sur­Saône, Montluçon, Ruffec F.50 x 330,000 b.2 65 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.50, only recorded here on 16/17 May 1943. 9/10 Châteauroux, Langres, Luneville, Nevers F.50 x 358,000 b.2 66 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.43, last recorded here on 4/5 April 1943, the first date of dissemination of both F.48 and F.49, both only recorded here on 15/16 April 1943, in the latter case with the exception of references derived from the Index. BCWD records that five Wellingtons from OTUs carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 10/11 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.12, last recorded here on 2/3 April 1943. BCWD records that 4 OTU sorties were carried out, but does not indicate whether these involved leaflets. 12/13 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of both F.52 and F.54, both first recorded here on 16/17 April 1943. BCWD records that no operations were undertaken by Bomber Command on this date. 13/14 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.38, last recorded here on 28/29 March 1943, the final date of dissemination of F.41, last recorded here on 4/5 April 1943, the final date of dissemination of F.49, only recorded here on 15/16 April 1943 with the exception of references derived from the Complete Index, and the first date of dissemination of F.51, first recorded here on 15/16 April 1943. BCWD records that eighteen OTU sorties were carried out, with one Wellington lost; it is not made clear if these operations involved leaflets. 15/16 Orléans, Paris. F.45 x 60,000 a F.48 x 80,000 a F.47 x 168,000 a F.49 x 160,000 a F.51 x 960,000 a 16/17 Orléans, Rouen. F.33 x 177,000 a F.44 x 56,000 a F.46 x 16,000 a F.47 x 348,000 a F.52 x 80,000 a F.54 x 768,000 a BCWD records that eleven aircraft from OTUs carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 18/19 Lille, Roubaix, Tourcoing. F.54 x 238,000 a 20/21 Lille, Roubaix, Tourcoing. F.22 x 102,000 a F.54 x 102,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.53, which is otherwise not recorded here, and the first date of dissemination of F.55, which is first recorded here on 22/23 April 1943. 22/23 Limoges, Le Mans. F.22 x 12,000 a F.54 x 480,000 a F.55 x 240,000 a 23/24 Rouen. F.47 x 48,000 a 26/27 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.56, only recorded here on 4/5 May 1943. BCWD records that eight aircraft from OTUs carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 39 BRITISH PROPAGANDA TO FRANCE, 1940—1944: ANNEXE ONE

27/28 Lille, Limoges. F.47 x 36,000 a F.57 x 133,000 a BCWD records that four Wellingtons from OTUs carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. April Cumulative totals suggest an additional quantity of leaflets were F.?? x 7,344,110 a.2 67 disseminated by aircraft. These may have included F.12, F.38, F.41, F.43, F.48, F.49, F.50, F.51, F.52, F.53, F.54, F.55 and F.56, and may have been delivered on 9/10, 10/11, 13/14 and 26/27 April 1943. 14,435,250 a 975,625 b 15,410,875 ab May 1943 3/4 Abbeville, Amiens, Le Tréport, Paris,. F.52 x 88,000 a F.57 x 160,000 a F.59 x 384,000 a F.62 x 168,000 a BCWD records that four Whitleys from OTUs carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. This was the only activity undertaken by Bomber Command on this date. 4/5 Alençon, Caen, Laval, Nantes, Rennes, Rouen F.22 x 19,200 a F.46 x 70,400 a F.51 x 1,248,000 a F.52 x 72,000 a F.54 x 2,568,000 a F.55 x 120,000 a F.56 x 608,000 a F.57 x 80,000 a F.59 x 160,000 a F.62 x 207,000 a F.63 x 320,000 a 5 BCWD records that between 5 and 13 May 1943, Bomber Command undertook only minor operations, operating at night on only one occasion. 5/6 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.26, last recorded here on 23/24 March 1943. BCWD indicates that the only operations undertaken involved minelaying in the North Sea. 13/14 Rouen F.22 x 6,400 a F.46 x 24,000 a F.54 x 864,000 a F.55 x 60,000 a F.59 x 144,000 a F.65 x 800,000 a F.66 x 120,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.53, which is otherwise not recorded here. 14/15 Rouen F.62 x 195,500 a F.63 x 480,000 a BCWD records that five Wellingtons from OTUs carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. This was the only activity undertaken by Bomber Command on this date. 15/16 Audierne, Auray, Camaret­sur­Mer, Concarneau, Douarnenez, Étel, F.54 x 1,888,000 a Guilvinec, Île d’Yeu, Paris, Pont l’Abbé, La Rochelle, Les Sables F.58 x 1,092,000 a d’Olonne, F.59 x 112,000 a F.65 x 108,000 a F.66 x 108,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.57, last recorded here on 4/5 May 1943, and the first date of dissemination of F.60, first recorded here on 23/24 40 PART II: LEAFLET DIARY

May 1943. 16/17 Caen, Dreux, Paris, Epernay, Orléans F.50 x 112,000 b F.54 x 608,000 ab F.73 x 800,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.33, last recorded here on 16/17 April 1943. 19/20 Orléans F.73 x 1,200,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.71, first recorded here on 23/24 May 1943. 20 At sea, approx. 430 miles west of St.­Nazaire. 268 F.70 x 22,000 a 20/21 BCWD records that five aircraft from OTUs carried out sorties, but does not indicate whether they carried leaflets or their destination. 22 At sea, approx. 420 miles west of La Rochelle. 269 F.70 x 17,000 a 23 At sea, approx. 430 miles of west of St.­Nazaire.2 70 F.70 x 14,500 a 23/24 Paris, Rouen F.54 x 224,000 a F.60 x 33,600 a F.71 x 220,000 a F.73 x 384,000 a BCWD records that fifteen aircraft from OTUs carried out leaflet flights to France, with the loss of one Wellington. The aircraft lost on 23/24 May 1943 was a Wellington III, BK489, of 27 OTU, due to drop leaflets in the Paris area. It was lost without trace. Its crew, whose average age was 23, consisted of: Sgts. C.W. Astle, C.F.S. Wells, C.A. Warnes, W. Antcliffe and A. Drury.2 71 24 At sea, approx. 370 miles west of Les Sables d’Olonne. 272 F.70 x 7,000 a 25 At sea, approx. 330 miles west of St.­Nazaire. 273 F.70 x 4,750 a 27 At sea, approx. 390 miles west of La Rochelle. 274 F.70 x 9,500 a 27/28 Argentan, Lille, Orléans, Paris. F.54 x 424,000 a F.60 x 6,400 a F.62 x 17,000 a F.69 x 160,000 a F.71 x 430,000 a F.73 x 416,000 a F.75 x 78,000 a F.76 x 200,000 a F.77 x 246,000 a. According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.47, last recorded here on 27/28 April 1943. 28 At sea, approx. 390 miles west of La Rochelle. 275 F.70 x 5,500 a 28/29 Nantes, Orléans F.71 x 84,000 a F.75 x 113,500 a F.77 x 154,000 a. 29 At sea, approx. 470 miles west of La Rochelle. 276 F.70 x 8,500 a 29/30 BCWD records that three aircraft from OTUs were despatched on leaflet flights to France, but were recalled without loss. 30 At sea, approx. 410 miles west of La Rochelle. 277 F.70 x 12,500 a 30/31 Lille, Paris, Rouen F.54 x 80,000 a F.71 x 72,000 a F.72 x 640,000 a F.75 x 88,000 a F.76 x 360,000 a F.77 x 288,000 a 31 At sea, approx. 440 miles west of St.­Nazaire. 278 F.70 x 1,500 a May Cumulative totals suggest an additional quantity of leaflets were F.?? x 2,963,350 a.2 79 disseminated by aircraft. These may have included copies of F.26, F.33, F.47, F.53, F.57, F.60 and F.71, and may have been delivered 41 BRITISH PROPAGANDA TO FRANCE, 1940—1944: ANNEXE ONE

on 20/21 May 1943. 22,219,100 a 560,000 b 22,779,100 ab June 1943 1 At sea, approx. 390 miles west of La Rochelle. 280 F.70 x 2,000 a 2 At sea, approx. 440 miles west of St.­Nazaire. 281 F.70 x 3,000 a 3 At sea, approx. 260 miles west of Brest. 282 F.70 x 2,000 a 3/4 Paris F.65 x 136,000 a F.69 x 1,072,000 a F.72 x 160,000 a F.75 x 20,000 a F.79 x 92,000 a F.80 x 192,000 a BCWD records that sixteen aircraft from OTUs carried out leaflet flights, but does not indicate their destination. One Wellington was lost, crashing into the sea. 283 5/6 Orléans, Vichy F.79 x 293,500 a F.80 x 108,000 a 6 BCWD records that Bomber Command carried out no operations between 6 and 9 June 1943. 9/10 Lille, Tours F.64 x 16,000 a F.78 x 212,000 a F.79 x 6,500 a F.80 x 292,000 a BCWD records that eight Wellingtons from OTUs carried out leaflet flights to France, with the loss of Wellington aircraft which crashed in England. 284 10/11 Nantes F.84 x 1,200,000 a BCWD records that five Whitleys and one Wellington from OTUs carried out leaflet flights to France, with the loss of one Whitley. The aircraft lost on 10/11 June 1943 was a Whitley V, BD442, of 24 OTU, on a dedicated leaflet operation to the Nantes area, where the aircraft is presumed to have crashed. Sgts. L.F. Cook, D.L. Williams, J. Monteith, W.H. Cox and W.T. Seaman (RCAF) were killed and are buried at Nantes Pont­du­Cens Communal Cemetery. Sgt J. Dawson survived to become a POW.2 85 11/12 Caen, Le Mans, Nantes, Orléans F.60 x 100,800 a F.65 x 312,000 a F.69 x 256,000 a F.77 x 122,000 a F.78 x 232,000 a F.79 x 72,000 a F.80 x 208,000 a F.84 x 848,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.82, first recorded here on 16/17 June 1943. On 11/12 June 1943 a Wellington III, BK559 of 30 OTU, was lost on a dedicated leaflet mission to the Nantes area. The aircraft became hopelessly lost and was abandoned near Paris. Sgts. T.G. Dellar (RAAF) and D.M. Davis (RCAF) were killed; Dellar is buried in Guyancourt Communal Cemetery, Paris, and Davis in Mazargues Cemetery Extension, Marseilles. Sgts. J.G. Perfect, D.W. Bartholomew and H.J.D.G. Adams survived to become POWs, while Sgt. B.C. Reeves successfully evaded capture. 286 13/14 Lille F.60 x 3,200 a F.64 x 24,000 a F.65 x 32,000 a F.78 x 24,000 a F.79 x 76,000 a F.84 x 256,000 a 42 PART II: LEAFLET DIARY

F.85 x 560,000 a 16/17 Paris F.82 x 160,000 a F.83 x 320,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.86, first recorded here on 21/22 June 1943. 19/20 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.87, first recorded here on 21/22 June 1943. BCWD records no leaflet or OTU operations, but bombing and minelaying operations were carried out over French targets, which could conceivably have carried leaflets. 20/21 Amiens, Rennes, Reims, Rouen F.92 x 840,000 a 21/22 Albert, Angers, Bourges, Lille, Le Mans, Nantes, Orléans, Paris, F.64 x 24,000 a Tours F.71 x 8,000 a F.75 x 44,000 a F.78 x 120,000 a F.84 x 144,000 a F.86 x 588,000 a F.87 x 126,000 a F.92 x 2,808,000 a 22/23 Amiens, Laval, Lille, Le Mans, Orléans, Paris, Reims F.64 x 96,000 a F.78 x 56,000 a F.82 x 100,000 a F.85 x 640,000 a F.87 x 40,000 a F.90 x 592,000 a F.91 x 1,120,000 a On 22/23 June 1943, a Wellington X, HE527, of 30 OTU, was shot down by flak over Cherbourg while on a dedicated leaflet mission to the Paris area. Sgts. J. Hennessy (RAAF), J. Anderson, and R.J.P. Chandler were killed and are buried at Cherbourg Old Communal Cemetery. P/O G.T. Freemantle and Sgts. R.J. Franklin and W. Gilroy survived to become POWs.2 87 24/25 Paris, Rennes F.85 x 1,072,000 a F.87 x 200,000 a F.89 x 640,000 a 26/27 Caen, Laval, Le Mans, Orléans, Troyes, Bar­le­Duc, Rennes, Tours, F.54 x 640,000 b Yerville F.64 x 26,000 a F.74 x 78,400 a F.78 x 8,000 a F.79 x 60,000 a F.83 x 96,000 a F.85 x 1,216,000 a F.88 x 320,000 a F.90 x 116,000 a 27/28 Caen, Dreux, Paris, Epernay, Reims, Paris. F.54 x 400,000 b F.69 x 104,000 b F.82 x 120,000 a F.89 x 960,000 a 28/29 St.­Lô, Caen, Dreux, Meaux, Paris. F.54 x 112,000 b F.69 x 510,000 b June Cumulative totals suggest an additional dissemination of leaflets by F.?? x 4,835,000 a.2 88 aircraft. These may have included copies of F.82, F.86 and F.87. 24,506,400 a 1,766,000 b 26,272,400 ab July 1943 1/2 Alençon, Laval, Le Mans, Nantes, Paris, Rennes, Tours. F.74 x 1,600 a 43 BRITISH PROPAGANDA TO FRANCE, 1940—1944: ANNEXE ONE

F.78 x 80,000 a F.82 x 40,000 a F.83 x 80,000 a F.88 x 320,000 a F.89 x 960,000 a F.90 x 176,000 a F.91 x 272,000 a F.94 x 712,000 a F.95 x 740,000 a 3/4 Caen, Dreux, Laon, Pontoise. 289 F.69 x 698,000 b 4/5 Bourges F.64 x 26,000 a F.74 x 16,000 a F.75 x 30,000 a F.86 x 296,000 a 5/6 Lens, Lille, Orléans, Paris. F.83 x 144,000 a F.85 x 224,000 a F.86 x 376,000 a F.91 x 96,000 a F.94 x 264,000 a F.95 x 848,000 a 7 At sea, approx. 60 miles west of, and approx. 190 miles north­west F.70 x 1000 a of, La Coruña, Spain. 290 8/9 Alençon, Angers, Argentan, Blois, Caen, Châteaudun, Dreux, F.86 x 216,000 a Laval, Orléans, Paris. F.94 x 36,000 a F.96 x 832,000 a F.97 x 672,000 a F.98 x 1,184,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.95, last recorded here on 5/6 July 1943. 12/13 Abbeville, Alençon, Amiens, Argentan, Arras, Beauvais, Cambrai, F.74 x 32,000 a Laval, St.­Quentin. F.86 x 24,000 a F.88 x 160,000 a F.94 x 32,000 a F.96 x 640,000 a F.97 x 344,000 a F.98 x 160,000 a F.99 x 880,000 a F.102 x 800,000 a 13/14 Chartres, Dreux, Etampes, Rennes, Versailles. F.86 x 144,000 a F.96 x 696,000 a F.101 x 180,000 a BCWD records that eight Wellingtons from OTUs carried out leaflet flights to France, with the loss of one Wellington which crashed into the sea. 291 15/16 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.104, first recorded here on 25/26 July 1943. BCWD records no OTU or leaflet operations, but bombing operations were carried out over France. 16/17 Chartres, Etampes, Granville, La Flèche, Le Mans, Montargis, F.85 x 432,000 a Tours. F.96 x 880,000 a F.101 x 320,000 a BCWD records that seven Wellingtons from OTUs carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 17/18 Alençon, Laval F.99 x 266,000 a F.101 x 67,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.97, last recorded here on 12/13 July 1943, and the first date of dissemination of F.103, only recorded here on 44 PART II: LEAFLET DIARY

27/28 July 1943. BCWD records that four Wellingtons from OTUs carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. This was the only activity undertaken by Bomber Command on this date. 23/24 Fontainebleau, Melun, Montereau, Paris. F.105 x 400,000 a F.106 x 320,000 a BCWD records that seven Wellingtons from OTUs carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. This was the only activity undertaken by Bomber Command on this date. 24/25 Angers, Fontainebleau, Melun, Montargis, Tours F.75 x 14,000 a F.86 x 16,000 a F.96 x 360,000 a F.105 x 216,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.106, only recorded here on 23/24 July 1943. 25/26 Alençon, Argentan, Le Mans. F.74 x 32,000 a F.104 x 992,000 a F.105 x 76,000 a 26/27 Blois, Châteaudun. F.99 x 54,000 a F.107 x 100,000 a F.109 x 88,000 a 27/28 Dreux, Orléans, Paris. F.96 x 80,000 a F.98 x 256,000 a F.99 x 608,000 a F.103 x 648,000 a F.104 x 480,000 a 28 At sea, approx. 100 miles north­west of La Coruña, Spain. 292 F.70 x 1,000 a 28/29 Cherbourg, Granville, St.­Malo F.104 x 342,000 a F.108 x 72,000 a F.109 x 342,000 a 29/30 Rennes F.108 x 76,000 a 31 At sea, approx. 60 miles north of La Coruña, Spain. 293 F.70 x 500 a July Cumulative totals suggest that an additional quantity of leaflets F.?? x 7,104,000 a.2 94 were disseminated by aircraft. These may have included F.95, F.97, F.103 F.104 and F.106. 27,377,100 a 698,000 b 28,075,100 ab August 1943 2/3 Alençon, Arras, Laval, Lille, Le Mans, Paris, Rennes, Roubaix, F.99 x 912,000 a Tourcoing; destroyed in crashed aircraft F.104 x 848,000 a F.110 x 704,000 a Entries for F.104 and F.110 make the oblique comment that in the week ending 7 and 7/8 August 1943, 128,000 and 144,000 copies of these leaflets were ‘destroyed in crashed aircraft.’ This was almost certainly a Wellington X, HE256 of 18 OTU, which took off from Finningley on at 23.54 on 2/3 August 1943 on a dedicated leaflet mission. The aircraft crashed about a mile from the airfield one minute after take­off due to engine failure, injuring a single member of the crew, Sgt. N. Walker.2 95 6/7 Argentan, Châteaudun, La Flèche, Paris, Tours. F.99 x 240,000 a F.104 x 1,232,000 a F.107 x 120,000 a F.110 x 576,000 a F.112 x 88,000 a 9/10 Angers, Creil, Dreux, Le Mans, Orléans, Paris, Rennes. F.107 x 156,000 a F.108 x 192,000 a F.112 x 180,000 a F.114 x 600,000 a 45 BRITISH PROPAGANDA TO FRANCE, 1940—1944: ANNEXE ONE

11/12 Angers, Beauvais, Compiègne, Laon, Laval, Le Mans, St.­Quentin. F.100 x 84,000 a F.108 x 200,000 a F.109 x 312,000 a F.110 x 360,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.116, which is not mentioned here other than in references derived from the Index. 12/13 Barbezieux, Doulevant, Dreux, Langon, Longueil, Nevers, Rouen, F.99 x 240,000 a Saintes, Versailles. F.104 x 284,000 a . F.110 x 240,000 a F.115 x 172,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.109, last recorded here on 15/16 August 1943. 13/14 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.116, which is not mentioned here other than in references derived from the Index. BCWD records no operations carried out by Bomber Command on this night. 15/16 Abbeville, Alençon, Argentan, Blois, Chartres, Compiègne, Dreux, F.93 x 30,720 a Etampes, La Flèche, Laval, Melun, Montargis, Montereau, Tours, F.104 x 72,000 a Versailles. F.109 x 58,000 a F.110 x 636,000 a F.114 x 77,000 a F.115 x 272,000 a F.117 x 348,000 a 16/17 Chartres, Laval, Le Mans. F.93 x 11,520 a F.104 x 192,000 a F.107 x 60,000 a F.110 x 216,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.85, last recorded here on 16/17 July 1943. 18/19 Angers, Blois, Chartres, Dreux, La Flèche, Laval, Orléans, Rennes, F.100 x 160,000 a St.­Malo, Tours. F.104 x 746,000 a F.115 x 822,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of both F.118 and F.120, which are not mentioned here other than in references derived from the Index. BCWD records that thirty Wellingtons from OTUs carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. This was the only activity undertaken by Bomber Command on this date. 20/21 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.119, which is not mentioned here other than in references derived from the Index. BCWD records no operations being carried out Bomber Command on this date. 22/23 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.64, last recorded here on 23/24 August 1943, and the final date of dissemination of both F.118 and F.120, which are not mentioned here other than in references derived from the Index, and the first date of dissemination of both F.121 and F.122, which are both first recorded here on 23/24 August 1943. BCWD records that seven OTU sorties were carried out, but does not show if these involved leaflet dissemination. 23/24 Abbeville, Amiens, Argentan, Arras, Cambrai, Chartres, Cherbourg, F.64 x 16,000 a Criel, Etampes, Granville, Le Mans, Montargis, Orléans, Rennes, F.100 x 84,000 a St.­Malo, Tours. F.104 x 692,000 a F.110 x 624,000 a F.121 x 1,728,000 a F.122 x 620,000 a 25/26 Beauvais, Melun, Fontainebleau, Châteaudun, Etampes, St.­Malo, F.100 x 56,000 a Unknown (aircraft missing) F.121 x 2,648,000 a F.123 x 480,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.122, which is last recorded here on 27/28 August 1943. 46 PART II: LEAFLET DIARY

On 25/26 August 1943 a Wellington III, HF628 of 22 OTU, was shot down at 10,000 feet over the French coast by flak and a night fighter while on a dedicated leaflet mission. Three members of its crew, Sgts. E.T. Cooper (RCAF), C.F. Pick (RCAF), and N.C. Brown (RCAF), were killed, Cooper and Pick having no known grave while Brown is buried at the Canadian War Cemetery at Calais, while P/O W.H. Mitchell (RCAF) and Sgt G.R. Simmons survived to become POWs. 296 27/28 Cherbourg, Rennes, St.­Malo. F.104 x 960,000 a F.122 x 160,000 a F.123 x 80,000 a Aug Cumulative totals suggest an additional quantity of leaflets were F.?? x 13,465,000 a.2 97 disseminated by aircraft. These may have included F.64, F.85, F.109, F.116, F.118, F.119, F.120 and F.122. 33,054,240 a September 1943 2/3 Blosseville, Rouen. F.93 x 15,360 a F.104 x 144,000 a F.110 x 336,000 a F.113 x 144,000 a 3/4 Dreux, Montargis, Montereau, Orléans, Unknown (aircraft missing) F.104 x 320,000 a F.125 x 480,000 a BCWD records that seven Whitleys from OTUs carried out leaflet flights to France, with one loss. The aircraft lost on 3/4 September 1943 was a Whitley V, BD368 of 24 OTU, which was on a dedicated leaflet mission to the Orléans area. Its crew, Sgts. W.W. Massie, W.J. Praise, R.G. Gilham, T.O. McKay and F/S G.P. Halveson, all RCAF, all survived to become POWs. 298 9 BCWD records that between 9 and 15 September 1943 Bomber Command carried out only two very minor operations, both by night. 14 At sea, approx. 375 miles west of Lorient. 299 F.132 x 4,000 a 14/15 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.131, first recorded here on 23/24 September 1943. BCWD records no operations carried out by Bomber Command except a nuisance raid on Berlin and a small­scale precision attack on the Dortmund­Ems canal which was recalled. 15 At sea, approx. 410 miles west of La Rochelle. 300 F.132 x 10,000 a 15/16 Amiens, Angers, Blois, Châteaudun, Creil, La Flèche, Laval, Le F.104 x 320,000 a Mans, Rennes. F.133 x 264,000 a F.136 x 1,200,000 a 16/17 Angers, Rennes. F.133 x 216,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.135, only recorded here on 20/21 September 1943 with the exception of references derived from the Index. 20/21 Alençon, Chartres, Châteaudun, Dreux, Etampes, Laval, Le Mans, F.104 x 720,000 a St.­Quentin. F.110 x 600,000 a F.133 x 352,000 a F.135 x 1,600,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.119, which is not mentioned here other than in references derived from the Index, and the first date of dissemination of F.129, which is first recorded here on 23/24 September 1943. 21/22 Compiègne, Laon. F.104 x 320,000 a 22/23 Etampes, Melun, Paris, Versailles. F.137 x 400,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.135, only recorded here on 20/21 September 1943 with the exception of references derived from the Index. 23 At sea, approx. 240 miles west­north­west of Brest and approx. 270 F.132 x 10,000 a miles west of Lorient. 301 23/24 Abbeville, Argentan, Beauvais, Blois, Châteaudun, Cherbourg, F.104 x 288,000 a 47 BRITISH PROPAGANDA TO FRANCE, 1940—1944: ANNEXE ONE

Compiègne, Douai, Isigny­sur­Mer, Le Mans, Lille, Orléans, F.111 x 102,400 a Roubaix, Rouen., Tourcoing, Tours. F.124 x 54,400 a F.129 x 240,000 a F.131 x 2,560,000 a F.133 x 195,000 a F.134 x 956,000 a F.136 x 512,000 a F.137 x 288,000 a On 23/24 September 1943, a Wellington III, X3966, of 27 OTU, was lost while on a dedicated leaflet mission to the Orléans area. Near Rouen the aircraft was hit by flak; the damage was sufficient for the leaflets to be jettisoned and then for the aircraft to be abandoned. The crew departed safely, landing near Beauvais (Oise); P/O W.C. Hawke (RAAF) became a POW, while F/S G.L. Dowling (RAAF), and Sgts. E.J. Anderson (RAAF), W. Todd and F.J. Page all evaded capture. 302 24 At sea, approx. 215 miles west­north­west, and 170 miles north­ F.132 x 11,000 a west of Brest.3 03 24/25 Cambrai, St.­Quentin F.137 x 160,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.124, which is first recorded here on 23/24 September 1943. 25/26 Alençon, Argentan, Granville, Rennes, St.­Malo. F.104 x 320,000 a F.124 x 40,000 a F.134 x 144,000 a F.136 x 1,312,000 a F.138 x 480,000 a 26 At sea, approx. 110 miles north, west of Brest F.132 x 4,000 a 26/27 Orléans, Rouen, Tours, Versailles. F.140 x 288,000 a 27/28 Epernay, Fontainebleau, Montereau, Paris. F.140 x 158,000 a Sept Cumulative totals suggest that an additional quantity of leaflets F.?? x 4,508,000 a.3 04 were disseminated by aircraft. These may have included F.119, F.131 and F.135. 26,076,160 a October 1943 2/3 Abbeville, Alençon, Amiens, Arras, Beauvais, Chartres, F.104 x 270,000 a Compiègne, Etampes, Lille, Paris, Rouen, St.­Quentin. F.124 x 32,000 a F.129 x 160,000 a F.131 x 640,000 a F.136 x 144,000 a F.140 x 320,000 a F.141 x 720,000 a F.142 x 1,116,000 a 3/4 Chartres, Paris, Rouen, Versailles . F.111 x 25,600 a F.124 x 24,000 a F.129 x 240,000 a F.137 x 80,000 a F.138 x 288,000 a F.141 x 240,000 a 4/5 Amiens, Beauvais, Epernay, Orléans, Rouen. F.104 x 224,000 a F.142 x 800,000 a F.143 x 204,000 a 7/8 Amiens, Beauvais, Blois, Dreux, Granville, Lille, Orléans, Paris, F.100 x 72,000 a Tourcoing., Tours, Versailles. 305 F.124 x 3,200 a F.136 x 288,000 a F.140 x 192,000 a F.141 x 320,000 a F.142 x 1,056,000 a 48 PART II: LEAFLET DIARY

F.143 x 160,000 a F.144 x 640,000 a F.?? x ?? 8/9 Orléans. F.142 x 112,000 a F.143 x 88,000 a 10 BCWD records that Bomber Command carried out operations on only one night between 10 and 16 October 1943 (see below). 13/14 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.146, first recorded here on 16/17 October 1943. BCWD records only eight sorties, split between Cologne and Duisburg. 14 Bomber Command carried out no leaflet operations between 9/10 and 13/14 October 1943.3 06 16/17 Châteaudun, Cherbourg, Dreux, Granville, Orléans, Rennes, St.­ F.146 x 416,000 a Malo. F.147 x 320,000 a 17/18 Chartres, Cherbourg, between Fougères and La Roche­sur­Yon, F.100 x 52,000 a Granville, Laval, Orléans, Rennes, St.­Malo. F.111 x 3,840 a F.129 x 160,000 a F.136 x 256,000 a F.139 x 8,000 a F.142 x 400,000 a F.143 x 40,000 a F.144 x 112,000 a F.146 x 262,000 a F.147 x 160,000 a F.149 x 192,000 a 18/19 Cambrai, Compiègne, Laon, Lille, Roubaix, Tourcoing. F.100 x 12,000 a F.124 x 6,400 a F.129 x 320,000 a F.136 x 112,000 a F.139 x 152,000 a F.144 x 16,000 a F.146 x 72,000 a 20/21 Alençon, Angers, Argentan, Caen, La Flèche, Granville, Laval, Le F.104 x 64,000 a Mans, Orléans, Paris, Rennes. F.111 x 25,600 a F.136 x 16,000 a F.142 x 432,000 a F.143 x 92,000 a F.145 x 91,000 a F.149 x 2,056,000 a F.150 x 840,000 a F.151 x 400,000 a 22/23 Fontainebleau, Melun F.150 x 160,000 a 27/28 Alençon, Angers, La Flèche, Granville, Lille, Le Mans, Montargis, F.100 x 200,000 a Paris, Rennes, St.­Malo, St.­Quentin, Tours.3 07 F.111 x 2,560 a F.129 x 160,000 a F.136 x 160,000 a F.139 x 152,000 a F.142 x 432,000 a F.145 x 182,000 a F.146 x 40,000 a F.148 x 4,800 a F.149 x 800,000 a F.150 x 456,000 a F.151 x 400,000 a F.154 x 1,244,000 a BCWD records that twenty­two Wellingtons from OTUs carried out leaflet flights to France, 49 BRITISH PROPAGANDA TO FRANCE, 1940—1944: ANNEXE ONE

without loss. This was the only activity undertaken by Bomber Command on this date. Oct Cumulative totals suggest an additional quantity of leaflets F.?? x 6,223,000 a.3 08 disseminated by aircraft. These may have included F.146. 26,164,000 a November 1943 3/4 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.150, last recorded here on 27/28 October 1943, the first date of dissemination of F.155, first recorded here on 16/17 November 1943, and only date of dissemination of F.156, otherwise not recorded here. BCWD records that, alongside other operations, 18 OTU sorties were carried out with the loss of one aircraft; it is not indicated if these operations involved leaflet dissemination. 5 Desvres, north coast of France. F.157 x >500,000 a 309 5/6 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.152, first recorded here on 7/8 November 1943, and the only date of dissemination of F.153, which is otherwise not recorded here. BCWD records that 27 Wellingtons belonging to OTUs were involved in leaflet flights to France, without loss. 6/7 North coast of France, between Calais and Cherbourg. F.157 x 2,300,000.3 10 7/8 Alençon, St.­Malo. F.152 x 139,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of both F.158 and F.160, both first recorded here on 10/11 November 1943. 9/10 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.129, last recorded here on 27/28 October 1943. BCWD records only minor operations being carried out against Bochum and Duisburg. 10/11 Alençon, Angers, Argentan, Blois, Chartres, Dreux, France (en F.149 x 1,552,000 a route to and from Modane), Granville, Le Mans, Orléans, Rouen. 311 F.154 x 320,000 a F.158 x 1,040,000 a F.159 x 1,504,225 a F.160 x 72,360 a 11/12 Cannes, La Flèche, Le Havre, Orléans. F.149 x 800,000 a F.160 x 852,240 a 12 BCWD records that Bomber Command carried out only three very minor operations between 12 and 16 November 1943, exclusively to German targets. 16/17 Abbeville, Angers, Blois, Creil, Dreux, Etampes, La Flèche, Tours. F.148 x 30,000 a F.152 x 332,000 a F.155 x 72,800 a BCWD records that eight Wellingtons from OTUs carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 17/18 Angers, Châteaudun, Montereau. F.163 x 236,000 a 18/19 Albert, Bourges, Châteaudun, Le Mans, Nantes, Paris. F.161 x 470,000 a F.163 x 108,000 a F.164 x 427,065 a F.168 x 1,440,000 a 19/20 Albert, Bourges, Denain, Dreux, Lille, Paris. F.93 x 16,640 a F.110 x 408,000 a F.160 x 402,000 a F.168 x 1,600,000 a 22/23 Argentan, Cherbourg, Granville, Rennes. F.149 x 256,000 a F.158 x 80,000 a F.159 x 96,150 a F.160 x 48,240 a F.161 x 400,000 a F.163 x 520,000 a 24/25 Amiens, Arras, Cambrai, Compiègne, Rouen. F.155 x 10,920 a F.158 x 8,000 a F.163 x 76,000 a F.169 x 335,000 a 312 50 PART II: LEAFLET DIARY

BCWD records that nine Wellingtons from OTUs carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 25/26 Amiens, Arras, Beauvais, Beauvais, Cambrai, Chartres, F.104 x 984,000 a Châteaudun, Creil, Dreux, Epernay, Etampes, Laon, Orléans, Paris, F.149 x 352,000 a St.­Quentin., Versailles. F.160 x 281,400 a F.161 x 1,184,000 a F.163 x 280,000 a F.164 x 802,000 a F.169 x 702,000 a F.170 x 800,000 a 26/27 Chartres, Montereau, Paris, Rouen F.110 x 1,200,000 a F.152 x 4,000 a F.160 x 402,000 a 28/29 Abbeville, Lille, Roubaix, Tourcoing. F.158 x 56,000 a F.161 x 320,000 a F.163 x 168,000 a F.170 x 320,000 a 29/30 Fontainebleau, Melun, Montargis, Paris, Versailles. F.148 x 8,000 a F.154 x 400,000 a F.158 x 214,000 a F.160 x 104,520 a F.161 x 320,000 a F.163 x 52,000 a F.169 x 108,000 a F.170 x 568,000 a Nov Cumulative totals suggest than an additional quantity of leaflets was F.?? x <16,490,100 a.3 13 disseminated by aircraft. These may have included copies of F.129, F.150, F.152, F.155, F.156, F.158 and F.160, and may have been delivered on 5/6 November 1943. 42,072,660 a December 1943 30/1 Blois, Paris, Rouen. F.104 x 24,000 a F.160 x 128,640 a F.161 x 528,000 a F.169 x 150,000 a F.170 x 356,000 a 2/3 Amiens, Argentan, Arras, Blois, Cambrai, Chartres, Châteaudun, F.160 x 450,240 a Granville, Lille, Le Mans, Orléans, Roubaix, Tourcoing, Tours. F.161 x 452,000 a F.162 x 64,000 a F.164 x 374,935 a F.170 x 464,000 a F.172 x 528,000 a F.173 x 432,000 a F.174 x 1,344,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.145, last recorded here on 27/28 October 1943. 4/5 Orléans, Paris, Versailles . F.161 x 1,666,000 a F.169 x 106,000 a F.170 x 624,000 a 5 BCWD records that between 5 and 10 December 1943 the sum total of Bomber Command’s operations were six radio countermeasures sorties. 10/11 Douai, Lille, Roubaix, Tourcoing. F.175 x 245,464 a According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.167, first recorded here on 12/13 December 1943. 12/13 Granville, Rennes, St.­Malo F.167 x 27,000 a 51 BRITISH PROPAGANDA TO FRANCE, 1940—1944: ANNEXE ONE

314 F.175 x 201,200 a F.178 x 92,552 a 13/14 Abbeville, Alençon, Amiens, Argentan, Beauvais, Cherbourg, Creil, F.162 x 27,200 a Dreux, Etampes, Granville, Laval, Le Mans, St.­Malo. F.170 x 48,000 a F.171 x 10,000 a F.172 x 386,000 a F.173 x 368,000 a F.174 x 1,600,000 a F.175 x 535,192 a F.176 x 800,000 a F.178 x 4,024 a 16/17 Angers, Cherbourg, Nantes. F.149 x 288,000 a 19/20 Montargis, Orléans, Rennes. F.174 x 896,000 a F.178 x 402,400 a BCWD records that six Wellingtons from OTUs carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. This was the only activity undertaken by Bomber Command on this date. 20/21 Abbeville, Amiens, Beauvais, Chartres, Châteaudun, Compiègne, F.110 x 480,000 a Cambrai, Dreux, Etampes, La Flèche, Fontainebleau, Laon, Laval, F.160 x 120,600 a Melun, Montereau, Orléans, Paris, Rouen, St.­Quentin, Versailles. F.161 x 422,000 a F.162 x 69,600 a F.165 x 206,400 a F.167 x 52,920 a F.170 x 384,000 a F.172 x 46,000 a F.174 x 1,800,000 a F.175 x 378,256 a F.178 x 374,232 a F.179 x 321,920 a F.181 x 755,506 a 21/22 BCWD records that four aircraft from OTUs carried out sorties, but does not indicate whether they carried leaflets or their destination. 22/23 Alençon, Argentan, Cambrai, Compiègne, Epernay, Fontainebleau, F.157 x 800,000 a Laon, Le Mans, Paris, Special Areas, St.­Quentin.3 15 F.167 x 27,000 a F.170 x 176,000 a F.172 x 148,000 a F.175 x 349,082 a F.176 x 800,000 a F.178 x 114,666 a F.179 x 289,728 a F.180 x 22,450 a F.181 x 127,762 a 23/24 Special areas. F.157 x 1,840,000 a 25 BCWD records that betwwn 25 and 28 December 1943 Bomber Command carried out no operations. 28/29 Amiens, Angers, Beauvais, Creil, La Flèche, Orléans. F.162 x 4,800 a F.174 x 1,312,000 a F.180 x 51,150 a F.181 x 113,678 a F.182 x 432,648 a F.184 x 408,000 a 29/30 Paris F.184 x 309,000 a 30/31 Angers, Blois, Etampes, Fontainebleau, La Flèche, Le Mans, F.157 x 1,104,000 a Melun, Montargis, Orléans, Paris, Special areas, Tours, Versailles. F.165 x 9,600 a F.167 x 24,000 a F.174 x 2,416,000 a 52 PART II: LEAFLET DIARY

F.178 x 402,400 a F.179 x 32,192 a F.180 x 94,400 a F.184 x 72,000 a Dec Cumulative totals suggest an additional quantity of leaflets were F.?? x 738,160 a.3 16 disseminated by aircraft. These may have included copies of F.145 and F.167, and may have been delivered on 21/22 December 1943. 31,252,997 a 1943 282,173,375 a 11,948,500 b 294,121,875 ab3 17

January 1944 1/2 Beauvais, Creil, Epernay, Granville, Orléans, Rennes, Special F.157 x 528,000 a areas. F.165 x 43,200 a F.174 x 256,000 a F.184 x 584,000 a 2/3 Blois, Chartres, Châteaudun, Compiègne, Creil, Dreux, Epernay, F.157 x 528,000 a Laon, Orléans, Paris, Special areas, Tours, Versailles. F.165 x 300,000 a F.167 x 1,080 a F.174 x 944,000 a F.180 x 40,000 a F.184 x 176,000 a F.187 x 377,000 a 4/5 Abbeville, Amiens, Angers, Blois, La Flèche, Tours. F.162 x 2,400 a F.174 x 232,000 a F.180 x 14,400 a F.181 x 36,216 a F.187 x 288,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.175, last recorded here on 22/23 December 1943. 6/7 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.1, first recorded here on 14/15 January 1944. BCWD records that 10 OTU sorties were carried out but does not indicate if these involved leaflets. 7/8 Châteaudun, Etampes, Montargis, Montereau, Orléans, Paris, F.161 x 322,000 a Versailles. F.165 x 137,475 a F.181 x 368,552 a F.184 x 383,000 a F.187 x 108,000 a 10/11 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.161, last recorded here on 7/8 January 1944, and the first date of dissemination of F.2, first recorded here on 14/15 January 1944. BCWD records only minor operations, all to German targets. 14/15 Alençon, Argentan, Beauvais, Chartres, Châteaudun Cherbourg, F.165 x 108,000 a Dreux, Laval, Paris, Versailles. F.174 x 50,000 a F.180 x 12,800 a F.185 x 52,800 a F.1 x 128,000 a F.2 x 1,479,000 a According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.149, last recorded here on 16/17 December 1943, and the final date of dissemination of F.184, last recorded on 7/8 January 1944. 15 BCWD records that between 15 and 20 January 1944 Bomber Command carried out no operations. 53 BRITISH PROPAGANDA TO FRANCE, 1940—1944: ANNEXE ONE

20/21 Arras, Cambrai, Chartres, Etampes, Fontainebleau, Lille, Melun, F.165 x 60,000 a Paris, Roubaix, Tourcoing, Versailles F.185 x 268,800 a F.187 x 28,000 a F.188 x 832,000 a F.2 x 453,000 a F.5 x 400,000 a 21/22 Amiens, Arras, Cambrai, Compiègne, Creil, Fontainebleau, Laon, F.167 x 19,350 a Montereau, Melun, Montargis, St.­Quentin. F.180 x 3,200 a F.188 x 192,000 a F.1 x 368,000 a F.2 x 372,000 a F.4 x 528,000 a 25/26 Alençon, Amiens, Argentan, Cambrai, Cherbourg, Epernay, Laon, F.188 x 96,000 a Laval, Le Mans, Rennes, St.­Malo, St.­Quentin, Unknown (aircraft F.1 x 736,000 a missing)., F.2 x 120,000 a F.4 x 732,000 a F.5 x 400,000 a F.8 x 289,728 a No aircraft are reported on 25/26 January 1944 as having been lost on a dedicated leaflet mission, but only one Bomber Command aircraft was reported lost on this date. This was a Wellington III, BK501, of 16 OTU, which was on operations to Granville. It is believed to have crashed into the sea off the west coast of the Cherbourg peninsula. Its crew were killed; P/O N.K. Perry and Sgt. G.D. Mitchell, both RCAF, are buried in Lessay communal cemetery; F/O J.G. Johnson (RCAF), and Sgts. C.F. Smith, P.H. Normanton, and W.K. Rodgers (RCAF) have no known grave. 318 27/28 Blois, Chartres, Châteaudun, Dreux, Etampes, Orléans, Tours F.165 x 60,000 a F.187 x 23,000 a F.6 x 448,000 a F.8 x 435,598 a F.9 x 400,000 a BCWD records that ten aircraft from OTUs carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 28/29 Abbeville, Amiens, Cambrai, Compiègne, Laon, Orléans, St.­ F.165 x 87,600 a Quentin. F.167 x 6,660 a F.180 x 1,200 a F.1 x 1,488,000 a F.2 x 142,000 a F.4 x 297,000 a F.6 x 33,000 a BCWD records that sixteen Wellingtons from OTUs carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 29/30 Alençon, La Flèche, Le Mans. F.165 x 6,525 a F.1 x 1,552,000 a F.2 x 140,000 a 30/31 Alençon, Argentan, Arras, Cambrai, Châteaudun, Chartres, Douai, F.165 x 216,000 a Etampes, Le Mans, Lille, Montargis, Montereau, Orléans, St.­ F.185 x 180,000 a Quentin. F.186 x 10,800 a F.1 x 384,000 a F.2 x 336,000 a F.4 x 512,000 a Jan Cumulative totals suggest that an additional quantity of leaflets F.?? x 10,883,386 a.3 19 were disseminated by aircraft. These may have included F.149, F.161, F.175, F.184, F.1 and F.2. 32,337,098 a February 1944 3/4 Orléans F.10 x 464,000 a 54 PART II: LEAFLET DIARY

According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.3, which is only mentioned here on 4/5 February 1944. 4/5 Angoulême, Aiguillon, Angers, Auch, Bergerac, Brive­la­ F.2 x 260,000 a Gaillarde, Laval, Limoges, Marmande, Mayenne, Montauban, F.3 x 320,000 a.3 20 Ploërmel, Pont­St.­Marie, Saumur, Termoine. 5/6 Beauvais, Compiègne, Creil, Decize, Digoin, Etampes, Melun, F.165 x 90,900 a Mer, Moulins, Paris, Rouen, Sancerre, Versailles. F.167 x 10,710 a F.185 x 7,200 a. F.186 x 43,200 a F.2 x 8,000 a.3 21 F.4 x 90,000 a F.6 x 284,000 a F.9 x 348,000 a F.10 x 296,000 a F.11 x 192,000 a 7/8 Bellême, Cambrai, Fougères, Hesdin, Nogent, Unknown (aircraft F.186 x 1,224 a missing). F.12 x 204,000 a 322 The aircraft lost on 7/8 February 1944 was a Halifax, LL114, of 138 Squadron which was engaged on a resistance operation codenamed ‘John 35’. It crashed north­west of Grenoble, probably as the result of enemy action, with the loss of all seven crew: F/Os G.D. Carroll and A.E. Reid, F/S J.A. Taylor, and Sgts. P.T. Thompson, R.D. Clement, K.W. Radford and G.S. Woodrow, who were all buried in Autrans cemetery. 323 8/9 Abbeville, Amiens, Beauvais, Compiègne, Epernay, Fontainebleau, F.185 x 134,400 a Paris, Rouen, Versailles. F.1 x 432,000 a F.2 x 8,000 a. F.4 x 467,000 a F.6 x 192,000 a F.10 x 236,000 a F.12 x 482,880 a 11/12 Angers, Laval, Rennes. F.10 x 292,000 a F.12 x 213,272 a 12/13 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.14, first recorded here on 22/23 March 1944. BCWD records only minor operations, although one such operation involved an attack on the Anthéor Viaduct on the Franco­Italian border, and it is conceivable that leaflets could have been an additional task. 13 BCWD records that between 13 and 19 February 1944, Bomber Command carried only one operation, a heavy attack on Berlin on 15/16 February 1944. 21/22 Alençon, Argentan, Granville, Laval, Le Mans, St.­Malo. F.12 x 402,378 a F.13 x 480,720 a F.17 x 277,656 a 23/24 Paris F.20 x 264,000 a 28/29 Lille, Douai, Tourcoing, Orléans. F.165 x 24,900 a F.167 x 4,590 a F.185 x 6,000 a F.186 x 48,240 a F.1 x 34,000 a F.11 x 108,000 a F.17 x 302,806 a F.22 x 20,120 a BCWD records that eight Wellingtons from OTUs carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. Feb Cumulative totals suggest an additional quantity of leaflets were F.?? x 7,882,346 a.3 24 disseminated by aircraft. These may have included copies of F.3 and F.14. 14,932,542 a 55 BRITISH PROPAGANDA TO FRANCE, 1940—1944: ANNEXE ONE

March 1944 29/1 Alençon, Argentan, Arras, Cambrai, Compiègne, Douai, La Flèche, F.165 x 25,500 a Paris, St.­Quentin, Unknown (aircraft missing) F.174 x 62,000 a F.180 x 400 a.3 25 F.1 x 48,000 a F.6 x 35,000 a F.12 x 197,176 a F.13 x 1,490,232 a F.17 x 591,528 a F.20 x 454,000 a The aircraft lost on 29 February/1 March 1944 was a Whitley V, LA787, of 10 OTU, which was on operations to St.­Quentin. It was lost without trace and its crew: Sgts. R.J. Larner, R.B. Shuttleworth, G.W. Smith, A.E. Jacks and H.J. Prouten, all presumed dead. 326 March Cannes and other targets in the South of France. F.?? x ?? a.3 27 1/2 Beauvais, Chartres, Châteaudun, Compiègne, Creil, Dreux, Orléans, F.165 x 115,200 a Rouen. F.185 x 24,000 a F.6 x 464,000 a F.11 x 336,000 a F.15 x 64,000 a F.17 x 478,856 a F.18 x 288,432 a F.23 x 224,000 a 2/3 Alençon, Compiègne, Epernay, Creil, Le Mans, Roubaix. F.165 x 16,800 a F.6 x 80,000 a F.11 x 272,000 a F.12 x 333,992 a F.15 x 480,000 a F.17 x 104,624 a F.22 x 20,120 a According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.7, which is otherwise not mentioned here with the exception of references derived from the Index. 3/4 Dreux, Etampes, Fontainebleau, Melun. F.17 x 462,760 a F.22 x 90,540 a 4/5 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.25, first recorded here on 11/12 March 1944. BCWD records that operations were carried out over France, but does not specifically mention leaflets. 6/7 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.19, first recorded here on 11/12 March 1944. BCWD records that operations were carried out over France, but does not specifically mention leaflets. 7/8 Rennes F.22 x 80,480 a 11/12 Angers, Beauvais, Blois, Châteaudun, Creil, La Flèche, Orléans, F.165 x 84,000 a Paris, Tours. F.12 x 321,920 a F.15 x 208,000 a F.17 x 185,104 a F.18 x 352,528 a F.19 x 378,000 a F.21 x 800,000 a F.22 x 191,140 a F.23 x 96,000 a F.25 x 84,504 a 56 PART II: LEAFLET DIARY

13/14 Alençon, Argentan, Chartres, Cherbourg, Fontainebleau, Granville, F.13 x 48,072 a Laval, Le Mans, Melun, Montereau, Rennes, St.­Malo. F.17 x 711,242 a F.18 x 865,296 a 328 F.20 x 145,000 a F.25 x 60,360 a F.27 x 80,480 a According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.177, otherwise not recorded here except in references derived from the Index. 15/16 Abbeville, Amiens, Beauvais, Orléans, Paris, Rouen, Versailles. F.165 x 30,320 a F.167 x 4,590 a F.185 x 24,000 a F.186 x 5,760 a F.1 x 132,000 a F.15 x 32,000 a F.17 x 60,360 a F.18 x 1,137,704 a F.22 x 321,920 a F.27 x 281,680 a 17/18 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.12, last recorded here on 11/12 March 1944. BCWD records only minor operations, none of which took place over France. 18/19 Alençon, Argentan, Chartres, Creil, Dreux, Le Mans, Montargis, F.17 x 60,360 a Montereau, Paris, Rouen, Versailles F.18 x 112,168 a F.19 x 124,000 a F.22 x 100,600 a F.23 x 480,000 a F.27 x 651,348 a 19/20 Etampes, Paris, Versailles F.24 x 41,600 a F.25 x 48,288 a F.26 x 1,522,280 a 21/22 Chartres, Châteaudun, Dreux, Etampes. F.165 x 16,800 a F.30 x 406,424 a 22/23 Beauvais, Compiègne, Creil, Douai, Lille, Paris, Roubaix, F.14 x 465,352 a Tourcoing, Versailles F.17 x 241,440 a F.18 x 96,144 a F.27 x 128,768 a F.28 x 801,200 a F.30 x 331,980 a BCWD records that twenty Wellingtons from OTUs carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 23/24 Châteaudun, Orléans. F.24 x 55,100 a F.25 x 190,134 a 25/26 Abbeville, Beauvais. F.14 x 16,048 a F.27 x 20,120 a 26/27 Beauvais, Normandy, Paris F.14 x 176,528 a F.15 x 112,000 a F.26 x 48,072 a F.27 x 52,312 a F.29 x 276,000 a F.31 x 753,128 a According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.16, which is otherwise not recorded here. 30/31 Fontainebleau, Melun, Montargis, Montereau, Orléans. F.25 x 213,272 a F.30 x 342,040 a F.34 x 255,000 a 57 BRITISH PROPAGANDA TO FRANCE, 1940—1944: ANNEXE ONE

According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.33, first recorded here on 31 March/1 April 1944. March Cumulative totals suggest an additional quantity of leaflets were F.?? x 9,455,423 a.3 29 disseminated by aircraft. These mayhave included F.177, F.7, F.12, F.16, F.19, F.25 and F.33. 31,075,549 a April 1944 31/1 330 Alençon, Argentan, La Flèche, Laval, Le Mans, Paris F.1 x 576,000 a F.20 x 120,000 a F.22 x 292,746 a F.29 x 148,000 a F.33 x 256,000 a F.34 x 192,500 a 9/10 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.25, and the first date of dissemination of F.38. 10/11 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.20, and the first date of dissemination of F.40. 11/12 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.35. 12/13 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.39. 18/19 Amiens, Arras, Beauvais, Caen, Chartres, Évreux, Laval, Lille, Le F.46 x 5,282,000 a.3 31 Mans, Orléans, Paris, Rennes, Rouen, St.­Omer, Serqueux. According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of both F.26 and F.31. 20/21 Abbeville, Dreux, Paris, Redon. F.46 x 1,606,000 a.3 32 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.32. 21/22 Clermont­Ferrand, Dijon, Roanne, St.­Etienne, Vichy. F.46 x 1,664,000 a.3 33 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.15, and the first date of dissemination of F.37. BCWD records that eleven aircraft from OTUs and four Stirlings carried out leaflet flights to France, without loss. 22/23 Toulouse, Versailles. F.46 x 1,104,000 a.3 34 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.30. and the first date of dissemination of F.43 and F.44. BCWD records that nineteen aircraft carried out leaflet flights without loss, but does not indicate their destination. 23/24 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.48. 24/25 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.35, and the first date of dissemination of F.45. 25/26 Cherbourg, Granville, Paris, Versailles F.47 x 452,608 a.3 35 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.41 and F.47. 26/27 Fontainebleau, Laval, Rennes, St.­Malo. F.47 x 433,216 a.3 36 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.44. 28/29 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.186, last recorded here on 15/16 March 1944, and the first date of dissemination of F.49. 29/30 Alençon, Laval, Le Mans. F.47 x 240,000 a.3 37 April Cumulative totals suggest an additional quantity of leaflets were F.?? x 20,996,278 a.3 38 disseminated by aircraft. 33,363,348 a

May 1944 30/1 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.7, which is otherwise not mentioned here with the exception of references derived from the Index. 3/4 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.27, F.33 and F.34. 5/6 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.39, F.40 and F.48. 58 PART II: LEAFLET DIARY

6/7 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.51. 8/9 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.29, and the first date of dissemination of F.52. 9/10 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.50. 10/11 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.32 and F.50. 12/13 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.24. 14/15 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.53 and F.58. 15/16 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.43 19/20 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.59. 22/23 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.16, F.38, and F.47, and the first date of dissemination of F.55 and F.60. 23/24 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.52 24/25 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.19. 27/28 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.51 and the first date of dissemination of F.57 and F.61. 28/29 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.61. 30/31 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.14. 30,716,822 a.3 39

June 1944 31/1 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.58 and F.60. June ‘The scale of leaflet operations during June was considerably reduced owing to the Allied landings in France, which prevented the OTU Groups from carrying out their leaflet operations over France during the greater part of the period … Owing to the sudden change in the political situation, almost all the existing leaflets for France … became out of date.’ 340 2/3 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.37, F.41, F.45 and F.49, and the first date of dissemination of F.62. 3/4 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.65. 6/7 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.46, F.57 and F.62. 15/16 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.69. 24/25 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.59. 27/28 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.54 and F.71. 28/29 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.56. 6,921,280 a3 41 July 1944 1/2 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.56 3/4 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.36. 4/5 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.65, and the first date of dissemination of F.70. 5/6 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.54. 10/11 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.73. 13/14 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.70. 17/18 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.64. 23/24 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.36, F.55, F.69 and F.71. 24/25 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.75. 28/29 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.53. 7,800,700 a3 42 August 1944 5 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.177, otherwise not recorded here except in references derived from the Index. 5/6 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.64, and the first date of dissemination of F.77. 59 BRITISH PROPAGANDA TO FRANCE, 1940—1944: ANNEXE ONE

6/7 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.73, and the first date of dissemination of XF.1. 12/13 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of CF.1. 13/14 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.77 >14/15 France: ‘a large number of targets specially selected by our French XF.2 x 800,000.3 43 region.’ (Date of first dissemination) 16/17 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.75 and CF.1. 17/18 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of XF.1. BCWD records that two aircraft from OTUs carried out leaflet sorties without loss, but does not indicate their destination. 27/28 According to the Complete Index, this was the first date of dissemination of F.78 5,854,300 a3 44 September 1944 2/3 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of F.78. 8/9 According to the Complete Index, this was the final date of dissemination of XF.2. 328,000 a3 45 1944 163,329,639 a 346 1940­ >640,614,081 a 1944 33,653,225 b 2,046,500 ab >676,313,306 ab 60 PART II: LEAFLET DIARY

1 Total aircraft dissemination prior to this addition, 7,372,000. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­ 1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457) 2 Totals tally with cumulative data. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 3 Cumulative data states that 4,010,000 leaflets were disseminated during September 1940, 9,000 fewer. The discrepancy probably stems from the dissemination of 999,000 copies of F.32 on 9/10 September, concerning which at some stage a ‘9’ has been hit instead of a ‘0’, or vice versa. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 4 The entry for Amiens is annotated ‘C.C.24’. I have no explanation for the annotation. 5 Other data states that 3,645,000 leaflets were disseminated during October 1940, 126,000 fewer. The discrepancy may be the result of the omission of one dissemination 126,000 copies from the cumulative total, possibly that over Arras on 29/30 October. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­ 1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 6 The quantity of 252,000 leaflets is regularly, as in this case, described in other documents as ‘a quarter of a million’, a reasonable generalisation. Therefore where such discrepancies occur, they shall not be highlighted. 7 This dissemination is not recorded in the Air Ministry records, but comes from the Leaflet Report for Week Ending 23.11.1940, NA: PRO FO 898/9. This dissemination probably consisted of no more than three or four thousand leaflets. 8 Cumulative data states that 1,962,000 leaflets were disseminated during November 1940, 18,000 fewer, even before consideration of the unknown quantity dropped over Brest on 15/16 November. There is no obvious explanation for the discrepancy. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 9 Leaflet Report for week ending 7.12.1940, NA: PRO FO 898/9. 10 Leaflet Report for week ending 14.12.1940, NA: PRO FO 898/9. 11 Leaflet Report for week ending 21.12.1940, NA: PRO FO 898/9. 12 ‘M’ Balloon Unit documents do not mention Amiens as a target. However, a glance at a map suggests that it is not unreasonable that a balloon released from ‘M’ Balloon Unit’s base at Birchington in Kent should pass over Amiens en route to Dijon. 132 bundles of leaflets – no code number is given – are recorded as having been despatched between 0015 and 0430 on 29 December, which, assuming 750 leaflets were contained in each bundle, would have been 99,000 leaflets; 100,000 is not divisible by 750. Given the similarity of the day’s and month’s totals for balloon dissemination – see note below – I suspect that there was only one dissemination on the night of 28/29 December 1940. (‘M’ Balloon Unit Operations Record Book (ORB), 28.12.1940, NA: PRO AIR 29/22. ‘M’ Balloon Unit records date operations by the evening on which they begin, rather than the morning on which they end). 13 Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457. However, if ‘M’ Balloon Unit’s records are incorrect concerning the quantity of leaflets disseminated on 28/29 December, only 750 balloon­dropped leaflets are unaccounted for. 14 i.e. ‘greater than’ 21,198,000 – the unknown quantity being the ‘small dissemination’ of F.41 on 15/16 November. 15 The balloon dissemination figures for 1940 match with cumulative totals; however, an additional 153,000 leaflets disseminated by aircraft are included in this final total. for 1940 by comparison to cumulative totals. See above for the various discrepancies which have led to this. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 16 In a report on its leaflet operations for the quarter, 6 Group Bomber Command noted the dissemination of 156,000 copies of F.52 by contrast to a figure of 153,000 given in the Air Ministry figures. As 1/2 January was the only date of dissemination for this leaflet, only 6 Group can have been responsible for dropping F.52 in 1941. Because monthly total for January tallies, 153,000 is more likely to be the correct total. (Nickels Operations for Quarter Ending 31.3.1941, NA: PRO AIR 14/603; Anon. (1945) A Complete Index of Allied Aircraft and Magazines, 1939­ 1945 [henceforth Complete Index], London: HMSO, p. 12). 17 According to one report, Lille and Paris received ‘650,000 odd’ copies of F.46 and F.48 combined, about 75,000 more than is listed here. However, given that monthly totals as listed here and in the cumulative totals elsewhere tally, this must be an overestimate. (Leaflet Report for Fortnight Ending 4.2.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/9; Leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 18 Leaflet Report for Week Ending 11.1.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/9. 61 BRITISH PROPAGANDA TO FRANCE, 1940—1944: ANNEXE ONE

19 According to one report, 100,000 copies of F.53 were disseminated by aircraft on 12/13 January, not 99,000 by balloon. As ‘M’ Balloon Unit records confirm it distributed 99,000, and given that monthly totals as listed here and in the cumulative totals elsewhere tally, this is probably an example firstly of a simple mistake, and secondly of the figures being rounded up. ‘M’ Balloon Unit records date all balloon disseminations listed for 12/13 January to 13/14 January, however. (Leaflet Report for Week Ending 18.1.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/9; Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457; ‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 13.1.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 20 Leaflet Report for week ending 25.1.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/9. 21 Totals tally with cumulative data. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 22 Leaflet Report for week ending 1.2.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/9. 23 Progress Report for week ending 21.2.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50. No Leaflet or Progress report for the weeks ending 7 and 14 February 1941 appear to have survived. 24 Copies of F.50/3 and F.65 delivered by aircraft which here are split between Lens, Lille and Paris, are recorded elsewhere as being delivered to Lille, Paris and Reims. It appears that whoever compiled the report confused Lens and Reims – the latter which did receive leaflets, including F.65, by balloon on that date. (Progress Report for week ending 28.2.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50) 25 Air Ministry records state that 50,000 copies of F.65 were distributed over Reims and St.­Quentin. ‘M’ Balloon Unit records suggest that 48,000 copies of F.65 were distributed by balloon over Reims (St.­Quentin is not mentioned, but is not unreasonable for a balloon released from Kent to pass over St.­Quentin en route to Reims). The latter would seem more likely to be an accurate figure, as F.65 was packed in bundles of 1,500. 48,000 is divisible by 1,500, while 50,000 is not. Leaflet totals recorded in the ‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB are all recorded as a quantity of bundles of leaflets dropped, rather simply the overall numbers of leaflets dropped. All conversions from bundle totals to leaflet totals are mine, verified as far as possible by comparing bundle and leaflet totals for all disseminations of each leaflet type, as listed in the ‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB and in the Air Ministry records. This allows the number of leaflets contained within a bundle to be accurately determined whenever a leaflet is dropped more than once by balloon, and will be used many times in this document as a means to choose between conflicting totals. In a report on its leaflet operations for the quarter ending 31 March, 6 Group Bomber Command reported an additional dissemination of F.65, which was only disseminated on 23/24 February. The data is given as bundles distributed, and leaflet totals as listed are derived from comparison with data from ‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB. However, the 6 Group report is annotated with the comment that one bundle contained 750 leaflets. If this is correct, additional dissemination of F.65 would be 70,500. The additional quantity of F.65 may have been disseminated over Lens, Lille and Paris, but it is recorded here under France. (Nickels Operations for Quarter Ending 31.3.1941, NA: PRO AIR 14/603; Complete Index, p. 12; ‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 23.2.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 26 Other sources suggest that 53,500 copies of F.55 were disseminated. F.55 was packed in bundles of 750. 54,000 is divisible by 750; 53,500 is not. (Progress Report for week ending 28.2.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50) 27 Other sources suggest that 113,000 copies of F.61 and 100,000 copies of F.62 were disseminated. F.61 was packed in bundles of 600 and F.62 in bundles of 750, which are divisible into 114,000 and 99,000, but not 113,000 and 100,000. ‘M’ Balloon Unit records also state that 99,000 copies of F.62 were distributed. (Progress Report for week ending 28.2.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50; ‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 24.2.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 28 Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457. 29 Cumulative totals suggest that 2,471,000 leaflets were disseminated in February, of which 1,295,000 leaflets were disseminated by balloon. If these totals were compiled using the figure of 50,000 copies of F.65 distributed on 23/24 February, this would explain the discrepancy. My total uses the probably more accurate figure of 48,000; see above for an explanation. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 30 Progress Reports for weeks ending 7.3.1941 and 10.3.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50. 31 Other sources suggest that 94,000 copies of F.50/5, and 21,000 copies of F.64, were disseminated. ‘M’ Balloon Unit used bundles of 375 copies of F.50/5, suggesting that 94,500 is the correct figure. F.64, however, appears to have been packed in bundles of 600, which does not allow the elimination of either total for F.64. Additionally, 45,000 copies of the German leaflet EH(G)473 We Journey Against England were dropped over the same targets. (Progress Report for week ending 15.3.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50; ‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, NA: PRO AIR 29/22; Complete Index, p. 27). 62 PART II: LEAFLET DIARY

32 Other sources suggest that 53,500 copies of F.50/5 were disseminated. ‘M’ Balloon Unit used bundles of 375 copies of F.50/5, suggesting that 49,500 is the correct figure, as 53,500 is not divisible by 375. (Progress Report for week ending 29.3.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50). 33 Some of these leaflets were dropped in Switzerland and Italy, some having travelled more than 550 miles from their starting point. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, addenda to April 1941 totals, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 34 Other sources record a dissemination of 100,000 copies of F.50/7 to Rennes on 30/31 March. The Complete Index states that F.50/7 was never disseminated; the other possibility, F.50/7a, was not distributed until 24/25 April 1941. It is most probable that this record actually refers to the 99,000 copies of F.50/6 distributed to Rennes, already recorded, with the figure having been rounded up. (Progress Report for week ending 29.3.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50; Complete Index, p. 12). 35 These additional figures are based on the assumption that the annotation included on the report, that one bundle of leaflets consisted of 750 leaflets, is correct. As has already been shown, against entries for 1/2 January and 23/24 February, I believe that assumption to be flawed, and that F.50/5 was packed in bundles of 375, and F.64 packed in bundles of 600. If this is the case, then there was no additional dissemination by 6 Group in March 1941, and therefore these figures are not included in the monthly or annual totals, nor in either Part One or Part Three of this Appendix. (Nickels Operations for Quarter Ending 31.3.1941, NA: PRO AIR 14/603, Complete Index, p. 12) 36 Totals prior to this addition, for aircraft, 502,750; for balloon, 391,125; overall, 893,875. Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457. 37 These totals do not include the additional distribution reported by 6 Group, Bomber Command, for March 1941. 38 Other documents suggest that only 75,000 copies of F.50/6 were distributed on 7/8 February. ‘M’ Balloon Unit records demonstrate that F.50/6 was packed in bundles of 375, and therefore either figure could be correct. (Progress Report for week ending 11.4.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/5; ‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, NA: PRO AIR 29/22) 39 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records describe F.74 as ‘ballast in sea’, indicating that it was expected to drop into the sea before reaching France. Given that ‘M’ Balloon Unit’s base was at Birchington, near Margate in Kent, this cannot have been an observation without special provision for observers. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 10.4.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 40 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records do not mention Artois, but a Progress Report refers to dissemination over Paris, Châlons­sur­Marne, and northwards to the coast – which is more­or­less the same as Artois. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 12.4.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22; Progress Report for week ending 19.4.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50). 41 Other sources including Air Ministry records suggest that 100,000 copies of F.70 and 25,000 copies of F.78 were disseminated on 12/13 April. Given that F.70 was packed in bundles of 1,500, and F.78 in bundles of 750, neither alternative total makes sense. (Progress Report for week ending 19.4.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50; ‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 12.4.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 42 Some of these balloon­distributed leaflets were dropped near Pamplona and Bilbao, two balloons having travelled more than 650 miles from their starting point. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, addenda to April 1941 totals, NA: PRO AIR 29/22; Beck to Foss, May 1941, NA: PRO FO 898/198; Beck to Foss, 23.5.1941, NA: PRO 898/469). 43 Other sources suggest that 50,000, not 49,500, copies of F.50/7a were disseminated by balloon. Given that F.50/7a was packaged in bundles of 375, the lower figure must be correct, and was rounded up for the Air Ministry records. The balloons also carried 15,000 copies of F.74 as ‘scrap (ballast)’, which are not included in the month total. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 24.4.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22) 44 Cumulative totals show a balloon distribution of 519,000; the additional 4,500 is explained if the cumulative total used the lower total of 100,000 for dissemination of F.70 on 12/13 April, and the higher total of 50,000 for the dissemination of F.50/7a on 24/25 April. Balloon dissemination during April 1941 also included 177,000 copies of F.78 which were distributed over the Belgo­ Dutch frontier, Brussels, Charleroi, Marche, and Namur, during five nights. Additionally, 37,500 copies of F.74 were recorded as being used for ‘scrap – ballast’. None of these figures are included in the monthly total. Aircraft dissemination tallies. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457; ‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 13.4.1941, 15.4.1941, 16.4.1941, 19.4.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 45 Progress Report for week ending 2.5.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50. 46 Other sources suggest that the 150,000 copies of F.85 were split three ways, between Amiens, Lille and, additionally, Paris. (Progress Report for week ending 9.5.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50). 63 BRITISH PROPAGANDA TO FRANCE, 1940—1944: ANNEXE ONE

47 This, and other disseminations by SOE aircraft during May 1941, are unlikely to have taken place during the day, but it is not clear whether the dates given refer to the evening – so, for example, 5/6 May would be correct – or to the morning, in which case, for example, 4/5 May would be correct. (Progress Report for week ending 30.5.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50). 48 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records state that 246,000 copies of F.70 were disseminated, while Air Ministry and Progress Report information states 250,000. Given that F.70 was packed in bundles of 1,500, the lower figure is correct. The Progress Report, alone, also dates this dissemination to 3/4 May. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 5.5.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22; Progress Report for week ending 9.5.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50). 49 Another source states that 125,000 copies of F.50/8 were distributed on 6/7 May 1941. (Progress Report for week ending 9.5.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50) 50 This dissemination is not reported in Air Ministry records. Progress Report for week ending 30.5.1941 [sic], NA: PRO FO 898/50 51 Another source states that all 200,000 copies of F.50/8 were destined for Rennes alone. (Progress Report for week ending 9.5.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50) 52 This dissemination is not reported in Air Ministry records. Progress Report for week ending 30 May 1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50 53 Another source states that 28,750 copies of F.68 were disseminated. Given that F.68 was packed in bundles of 750, the lower figure is correct. ‘M’ Balloon Unit records state that the target was ‘Beauvais and area north of Paris.’ (Progress Report for week ending 16.5.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50; ‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 12.5.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 54 These disseminations are not reported in Air Ministry records. The document originally read ‘Trevières, St.­Amand & Toign, Severados, Parigny, Fougères, Vitré and Châteaubriant, allowing a flight path to be projected and revealing that the unidentifiable ‘St.­Amand & Toign’ was probably St.­Amand, and Torigné­sur­Vire, and that ‘Severados’ was probably ‘St.­Sever­ Calvados.’ (Progress Report for week ending 30 May 1941 [sic], NA: PRO FO 898/50). 55 Cumulative totals suggest that total dissemination by aircraft for May 1941 was some 41,200 leaflets fewer than listed here – precisely the number of leaflets disseminated by SOE aircraft during the month, which cannot have been included in the cumulative total. The cumulative total for balloons, however, is 4,000 higher – which would be expected if the dissemination to Arras of 5/6 May was taken as being 250,000, rather than 246,000, leaflets. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 56 Progress Report for week ending 6.6.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50. 57 This dissemination is not reported in Air Ministry records. (Groves to Mack, 12.6.1941, NA: PRO FO 371/28430). 58 Another source suggests that 53,800 copies of F.50/9, rather than 54,600, were dropped by balloon on Paris. ‘M’ Balloon Unit records show a dissemination of 54,600 and that F.50/9 was packed in bundles of 300. Therefore the higher figure is more likely to be correct. (Progress Report for week ending 13.6.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50; ‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 10.6.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 59 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records show that dissemination of F.83 was 90,000, while other documents including the Air Ministry data show that it was a substantially smaller figure of 72,000. Either figure could be correct, as F.83 appears to have been packed in bundles of 750 leaflets. However, it seems just as unlikely that ‘M’ Balloon Unit would record the dissemination of 120 bundles when only 96 had been distributed, as for the transposition of 72,000 for 90,000 somewhere else along the line; I have chosen the higher figure simply because it comes from closer to the point of dissemination. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 10.6.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22; Progress Report for week ending 13.6.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50). 60 Other sources suggest that dissemination of leaflets was F.83 x 53,000, and F.90 x 71,500. Given that F.83 was packed in bundles of 750, and F.90 in bundles of 1,500, the higher figures in both cases seem more likely to be correct. Similarly, the quantity of F.95 distributed is suspect, as ‘M’ Balloon Unit claims to have distributed 127 bundles, which does not divide into 50,000. If the bundle figure is correct, the most likely figure is 50,800 – assuming a packing rate of 400 leaflets per bundle ­ or, alternatively, only 125 bundles were distributed. (Progress Report for week ending 20.6.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50; ‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 12.6.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 61 ‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB states that the target for its balloon distribution of 13/14 June was Sens. Troyes is not mentioned. Sens is about 60 km west of Troyes. It is extremely unlikely that ‘M’ Balloon Unit could have predicted the path of a balloon to the degree of accuracy required to distinguish between the two towns, and, as Troyes is about three times larger than Sens (pre­war 64 PART II: LEAFLET DIARY

populations of 58,804 and 17,465, respectively) and therefore presumably better­known, it may be that whoever informed the Air Ministry of the target of ‘M’ Balloon Unit’s efforts that evening, Sens was replaced by Troyes as it would be more likely to mean something. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 13.6.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22; Anon. (1939), Nouveau Petit Larousse Illustré, Paris: Larousse, pp. 1687 and 1729. 62 Other sources suggest that Limoges and Paris received 18,000 copies of F.50/9 between them, not 52,000. (Undated report on leaflet dissemination, NA: PRO FO 898/444). 63 Other sources suggest that 53,000 copies of F.94 were disseminated, but assuming that F.90 was packed in bundles of 750, 54,000 is more likely to be the correct amount. (Progress Report for week ending 20.6.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50; Undated report on leaflet dissemination, NA: PRO FO 898/444). 64 Another source suggests that only 63,000 copies of F.50/11 were disseminated. Given that F.50/11 was packed in bundles of 750, either figure could be correct. My initial reaction on reading the original document was that the data it contained was incomplete. However, see the discussion concerning the monthly totals, below. (Progress Report for week ending 4.7.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50) The Complete Index refers to the first dissemination of F.50/11a taking place on 25/26 June 1941; it may be that the leaflet recorded as distributed here was not F.50/11 but F.50/11a. 65 ‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 27.6.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22. 66 Another source states that 500,000 copies of F.103 were disseminated. F.103 was probably packed in bundles of 1,500, which would suggest that the lower figure is most likely to be correct. (Progress Report for week ending 4.7.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50). 67 These totals are higher than those given in the cumulative totals, which suggest that aircraft distribution consisted of some 129,700 leaflets fewer (excluding the unknown quantity of F.90 distributed on the night of 8/9 June 1941). If the alternate figures from the three major discrepancies in aircraft distribution highlighted here – the disseminations of 13/14, 25/26, and 27/28 June – are taken, there would be a shortfall of 67,300, which might in fact be explained by the unknown quantity of F.90. Balloon distribution, too, is some 31,750 leaflets fewer than the cumulative totals, but this discrepancy can be explained more easily, as the disseminations of 10/11 and 12/13 June, if the lower figures are taken, include an additional 31,750 leaflets. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 68 Another source suggests that 372,000 copies of F.102 were disseminated on 5/6 July. Given that F.102 was probably packaged in bundles of 750, either figure could be correct. However, given the cumulative totals, the lower figure is probably more likely to be. (Progress Report for week ending 11.7.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50; Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 69 Another source dates the distribution of 90,000 x F.50/12 and 204,000 x F.50/13 to Paris and Châlons­sur­Marne to 7/8 July 1941. (Progress Report for week ending 11.7.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50). 70 Another source suggests that instead of 126,000 copies of F.50/13G, dissemination actually consisted of 110,250 copies of F.50/13 and 15,750 copies of the German leaflet G.510/6 Luftpost, a total of 126,000 leaflets, with a ratio of 1:7 between G.510/6 and F.50/13. (Progress Report for week ending 11.7.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50; Complete Index, p. 27). 71 Another source suggests that instead of 30,000 copies of F.50/14G, distribution actually consisted of 26,250 copies of F.50/14 and 3,750 copies of the German leaflet G.510/7 Luftpost, a total of 30,000 leaflets at a ratio of 1:7 between G.510/7 and F.50/14. Alternatively, a total of 29,000 leaflets comprising 25,250 copies of F.50/14 and 3,750 copies of G.510/7, is also suggested. (Progress Report for week ending 18.7.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50; Undated report on leaflet dissemination, NA: PRO FO 898/444; Complete Index, p. 27). 72 Air Ministry records show that 100,000 copies of F.50/13 were dropped by balloon. ‘M’ Balloon Unit records show that 168 bundles of F.50/13 were dropped. Assuming that these were packed in bundles of 600, twice the number per bundle of earlier Courriers, this would be 100,800 leaflets. 100,000 is not divisible by 168. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 20.7.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 73 Air Ministry records state that 63,500 copies of F.102 were distributed. F.102 was packed in bundles of 750; ‘M’ Balloon Unit records show a distribution of 85 bundles, a total of 63,750 leaflets. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 20.7.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 74 Other sources suggest that distribution for the day consisted of 24,000 and 63,000 copies of F.50/14, and 3,000 copies of the German leaflet G.510/7 Luftpost, but no copies of F.50/14G, a total of 90,000 leaflets. (Progress Report for week ending 25.7.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50; Complete Index, p. 27). 65 BRITISH PROPAGANDA TO FRANCE, 1940—1944: ANNEXE ONE

75 Other sources suggest that distribution for the day consisted of 26,250 copies of F.50/14, and 3,750 copies of G.510/7, a total of 30,000 leaflets at a ratio of 1:7 between G.510/7 and F.50/14. (Progress Report for week ending 25.7.1942, NA: PRO FO 898/50). 76 This dissemination is also dated to 20/21 July 1941. (Undated report on leaflet dissemination, NA: PRO FO 898/444). 77 The cumulative totals suggest that, overall, 1,850 fewer leaflets were disseminated during July than are listed here. 1,050 of these leaflets are explained by the balloon disseminations of 20/21 July. Another 800 leaflets may well have been overlooked by a similar rounding up or rounding down which it is impossible to discover today. However, the difference between aircraft and balloon totals is rather more. Cumulative totals suggest that aircraft dissemination should have been some 7,800 fewer, while balloon dissemination some 5,950 more, than is listed here (the difference between the two figures being 1,850). The most likely explanation is that in preparing the cumulative total, an aircraft dissemination was mistakenly totalled as a balloon dissemination. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457. The totals are also repeated in Leaflet statistics, July 1942, NA: PRO AIR 20/4865). 78 Douai is not mentioned by ‘M’ Balloon Unit records as a target. However, it does not seem unreasonable to expect a balloon en route from Kent to Verdun to overfly Douai. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 6.8.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 79 W.R. Chorley (1993), Royal Air Force Bomber Command Losses of the Second World War: Volume II, 1941, Leicester: Midland Counties Publications, p. 110. 80 Other sources suggest that 300,000 copies of F.50/19 were disseminated, plus 20,250 copies of the German leaflet G.510/12 Luftpost. (Progress Report for week ending 22.8.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50; Complete Index, p. 27). 81 This dissemination is also dated to 17/18 July 1941. (Progress Report for week ending 22.8.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50). 82 The dissemination to Limoges is not mentioned in Air Ministry records. Data from undated report on leaflet dissemination, NA: PRO FO 898/444. 83 Alternatively, the dissemination over Paris consisted of 142,000 copies of F.50/17G and 20,000 copies of the German leaflet G.510/10 Luftpost. (Progress Report for week ending 6.9.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50; Complete Index, p. 27.) 84 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records state that two batches of balloons, carrying 274 and 62 bundles of leaflets, respectively, were despatched to Cambrai and Nancy. Calais is not mentioned. At a packing rate of 750 leaflets per bundle, 274 bundles contain 205,500 leaflets. The second set of bundles, carrying 46,800 leaflets, may be misdated and were released on 31 Aug/1 September, and will be dealt with there, because, excluding the second bunch, balloon totals for August 1941 match with cumulative totals. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 30.8.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22; Leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 85 Cumulative totals for balloons match with the data here (but see my note concerning dissemination on 30/31 August, above). However, aircraft dissemination as listed here exceeds the cumulative total by 114,000 leaflets. 42,000 of this can be explained by the distribution of F.50/19 to Limoges on 22/23 August, but the remaining 72,000 cannot be so easily identified. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 86 These leaflets were distributed on the night of 31 August, 1 September, and therefore recorded in the Air Ministry records for September 1941. Subsequent occurrences of leaflet disseminations taking place on the cusp of a month will be treated in a similar manner. 87 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records show that 102,000 copies of F.50/19 were disseminated, while other sources give a figure of 100,000. Given that F.50/19 was packed at a rate of 750 leaflets per bundle, the higher figure is most likely to be correct. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 31.8.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 88 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records do not mention a dissemination of 46,500 copies of F.50/20 on this date. However, 62 bundles at 750 leaflets per bundle is 46,500 leaflets, so this dissemination could be that dated in ‘M’ Balloon Unit records to 30/31 August. Alternatively, 44,500 copies of F.50/20 were disseminated, but this figure is not divisible by 750 and is therefore probably incorrect. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 30.8.1941, 31.8.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22; Progress Report for week ending 6.9.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50). 89 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records state that the targets for balloon dissemination were Chartres and the Paris area, and does not mention Le Tréport or Nantes, which are listed in the Air Ministry records, which itself does not mention the Paris area. It does not seem unreasonable that a balloon despatched from Kent towards the Chartres/Paris area might well pass over Le Tréport, which is on 66 PART II: LEAFLET DIARY

the northern coast of France, about 175 km north of Chartres. However, Nantes is a different matter, as Nantes is about 350 km south­west of Paris. It is more likely that the entry refers to Mantes, about 45 km north­west of Paris and 60 km north­north­east of Chartres, over which a balloon from Kent via Le Tréport might well pass. 90 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records state that targets were Blois and Tours only; the other targets, Dieppe and Orléans, are taken from Air Ministry records. It does not seem unreasonable that a balloon released from Kent would fly over Dieppe and Rouen en route to Blois. Blois itself is about 50 km east­north­east from Tours and 50 km west­south­west of Orléans; it would not take a major alteration in wind direction for balloons to arrive over Orléans. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 8.9.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 91 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records state dissemination of F.108 to be 57,500, while other data suggests 51,500. Given that F.108 was packed in bundles of 500, either figure could be correct. I have opted for the higher figure because it was produced closer to source. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 8.9.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 92 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records do not mention Dieppe as a target. However, it does not seem unreasonable that a balloon released from Kent would pass over Dieppe en route to Alençon. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 9.9.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 93 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records do not mention any targets other than Bassigny­en­Chaumont However, it does not seem unreasonable that balloons released in Kent would pass over Calais, St.­Quentin and Reims en route to Bassigny and Chaumont. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 10.9.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 94 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records state that 216 bundles of F.50/22 were released, while Air Ministry records show that this consisted of 160,000 leaflets. However, 160,000 is not divisible by 216. If each bundle contained 750 leaflets, this would be 162,000 leaflets, and is more likely to be the accurate figure. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 10.9.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 95 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records do not mention Calais and Douai as targets. However, it does not seem unreasonable to expect that balloons released from Kent would pass over Calais and Douai en route to Nancy. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 11.9.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 96 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records state that 115 bundles of F.50/22G were disseminated. This makes sense if, unusually, F.50/22G was packed in bundles of 450 leaflets; alternatively, if the standard rate of 750 leaflets per bundle was used, dissemination was somewhat higher, at 86,250 copies. Another source also suggests that 51,750 leaflets were disseminated, but that this consisted of 45,280 copies of F.50/22G and 6,470 copies of the German leaflet G.510/16 Luftpost, a ratio of just under 1:7 between F.50/22G and G.510/6. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 11.9.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22; PWE Progress Report for week ending 19.9.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50; Complete Index, p. 27.) 97 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records date this dissemination to 13/14 September 1941. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 13.9.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 98 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records do not mention Calais, Douai and Mézières as targets. However, it does not seem unreasonable that balloons released from Kent would pass over Calais, Douai and Mézières en route to Nancy. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 14.9.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 99 Cumulative totals tally for aircraft dissemination, but suggest that balloon dissemination was some 4,000 leaflets fewer. Prior to the corrections to dissemination data made above for 31 August/1 September, 8/9 and 10/11 September, total balloon dissemination was actually shown by the Air Ministry records to be 6,000 copies fewer than the cumulative totals suggested. The most obvious solution is that the cumulative totals did take into account the 6,000 extra leaflets disseminated on 8/9 September – a small typo at some stage could explain the mistake – but not the extras on 31 August/1 September and 10/11 September. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 100 Alternatively, this consisted of 84,000 copies of F.50/24 and 12,000 copies of the German leaflet G.510/18 Luftpost, a ratio of 1:7 between G.510/18 and F.50/24, totalling 96,000 copies. (PWE Progress Report for week ending 3.10.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50) 101 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records do not mention Dieppe as a target. It does not seem unreasonable, however, that a balloon released from Kent would pass over Dieppe en route to Limoges. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 1.10.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 102 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records do not mention Dunkerque. However, it does not seem unreasonable that a balloon released in Kent should pass over Dunkerque en route to Lille and Mons. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 11.10.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 103 Alternatively, instead of 84,000 copies of F.50/21 and 72,000 copies of F.50/21G, dissemination actually consisted of 145,715 copies of F.50/21, and 10,285 copies of the German leaflet G.510/20 67 BRITISH PROPAGANDA TO FRANCE, 1940—1944: ANNEXE ONE

Luftpost. Furthermore, instead of 180,000 copies of F.50/25 and 162,000 copies of F.50/25G, dissemination actually consisted of 322,000 copies of F.50/25, and 20,000 copies of the German leaflet G.510/19 Luftpost. In both cases, however, the total number of leaflets disseminated remained the same. (PWE Progress Report for week ending 17.10.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50; Complete Index, p. 27.) 104 Alternatively, this consisted of 141,750 copies of F.50/27, and 20,000 copies of the German leaflet G.510/21 Luftpost. (PWE Progress Report for week ending 24.10.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50; Complete Index, p. 27). 105 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records do not mention Amiens, Calais and Meaux as targets. However, it is not unreasonable to expect that a balloon released from Kent would pass over Calais, Amiens and Meaux en route to Avallon. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 22.10.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 106 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records refer to the dissemination of F.50/26. This leaflet is recorded as ‘not disseminated’ in the Complete Index, which, although it does not cover dissemination by balloon, does suggest that the Air Ministry record of F.50/27 is more likely to be correct. ‘M’ Balloon Unit records also state that 109,500 copies of the leaflet were disseminated, i.e. one bundle of 750 leaflets fewer than the data recorded by the Air Ministry. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 22.10.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22; Complete Index, p. 13). 107 Other sources state that Châteauroux and Limoges received 34,000 copies of F.50/28 between them, not mentioned in the Air Ministry records, while Cherbourg received only 6,000 leaflets, by comparison to the 27,000 recorded here. (PWE Progress Report for week ending 1.11.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50 and BBC WAC E2/488; Undated report on leaflet dissemination, NA: PRO FO 898/444). 108 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records do not mention Arras, Calais and St.­Quentin. However, it does not seem unreasonable that a balloon released from Kent should pass over Calais, Arras and St.­Quentin en route to Reims. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 27.10.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 109 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records do not mention Abbeville, Beauvais and Boulogne. However, it does not seem unreasonable that a balloon released in Kent should pass over Boulogne, Abbeville and Beauvais en route to Paris. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 29.10.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 110 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records state that 99 bundles of F.117 were disseminated. F.117 was packed in bundles of 750, and so therefore either 89 bundles of F.117 were actually disseminated, not 99, or 74,250 leaflets were actually disseminated. The transposition of 89 for 99 is probably more likely. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 29.10,41, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 111 Other sources suggest that total dissemination of F.116 consisted of 33,000 copies rather than 34,000 copies. Given that F.116 was packed in bundles of 500, either figure could be correct. (PWE Progress Report for week ending 8.11.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50). 112 Both Air Ministry and Progress Report suggest that 198,000 copies of F.119 were distributed by balloon. However, ‘M’ Balloon Unit records state that 200 bundles of F.119 were dropped. This would suggest that 990 leaflets were packed in each bundle, which is unlikely; it is more likely that 1000 leaflets were packed into each bundle, suggesting either that ‘M’ Balloon Unit only despatched 198 bundles, or that it despatched 200,000 bundles. (Progress Report for week ending 8.11.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50; ‘‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 30.10.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 113 Cumulative totals do not match with those given here. Aircraft dissemination is reported to be 39,250 fewer than recorded here. 34,000 of this is easily explained by the dissemination of F.50/28 over Châteauroux and Limoges on 26/27 October; the remaining 5,250 is more difficult to identify. Conversely, balloon dissemination is stated to be 750 more than recorded here, but this is explained by the slightly lower dissemination of 22/23 to that noted in the Air Ministry records. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 114 Other sources give the same total tally for leaflets, but Béthune is not mentioned as a target on 31 October/1 November. However, given the other targets, Béthune was almost certainly visited and its omission is a mistake. (PWE Progress Report for week ending 8.11.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50) 115 Air Ministry records suggest that this dissemination consisted of 24,375 copies of F.50/28 for Brest and Le Havre, rather than 24,750. Assuming that F.50/28 was packed in bundles of 750, as most editions of the Courrier de l'Air appear to have been, the higher figure must be correct. (Progress Report for week ending 8.11.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50). 116 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records state that 96,750 copies of F.117 were disseminated, rather than 95,750 as listed in Air Ministry records. As F.117 was packed in bundles of 750, the higher number is most likely to be correct. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 5.11.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 117 The Progress Report states that instead of receiving 19,500 copies of F.50/28 and 161,750 copies of F.50/28G as Air Ministry records show, Nantes and Rennes received 90,000 copies of F.50/28 68 PART II: LEAFLET DIARY

and 141,750 copies of F.50/28G, a net increase of 50,500 copies. As has been noticed in similar circumstances above, discrepancies concerning leaflets with codes ending in ‘G’ are sometimes accompanied by German leaflets, so an additional 20,000 German leaflets may have been distributed, using the example of 20/21 October above (PWE Progress Report for week ending 8.11.1941, NA: PRO FO 898/50). 118 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records do not mention Douai and Gravelines as targets. However, it does not seem unreasonable that a balloon released in Kent would pass over Gravelines and Douai en route to Verdun and Nancy. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 7.11.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 119 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records show that 346 bundles of F.50/20 were despatched. 250,000 is not divisible by 346; if F.50/30 was packed at the usual rate of 750 leaflets per bundle, this would equal 259,500 leaflets. 336 bundles would equal 252,000 leaflets. As in this case there is no tolerably certain solution, the Air Ministry data is allowed to stand. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 7.11.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 120 Total aircraft dissemination before this addition was 2,379,825. Some of these missing leaflets may in fact by German leaflets accompanying G disseminations of 6/7 and 23/24 November 1941. But see December totals, which reveal that dissemination on 30 November/1 December was not included in the December cumulative total. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 121 Balloon dissemination shows an additional 1,000 leaflets over the cumulative total. This is explained by the dissemination of F.117 on 5/6 November being 96,750 rather than 95,750. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 122 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records do not mention Calais and Lille as targets. However, it is not unreasonable to expect a balloon released from Kent to pass over Calais and Lille en route to Nancy. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 7.12.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 123 Chorley, Bomber Command Losses II, pp. 189­190. 124 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records do not mention Abbeville and Rouen as targets. However, it is not unreasonable to expect a balloon released in Kent to pass near Abbeville and Rouen en route to Bourges. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 8.12.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 125 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records do not mention Abbeville, Paris and Bourges as targets. However, it is not unreasonable to expect a balloon released from Kent to pass over Abbeville, Paris and Bourges en route to Montluçon. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 17.12.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 126 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records do not mention Fécamp and Mayenne as targets. However, it is not unreasonable to expect a balloon released from Kent to pass over Fécamp and Mayenne en route to Laval. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 18.12.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 127 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records do not mention Arras and Calais as targets. However, it is not unreasonable to expect balloons released from Kent to pass over Calais and Arras en route to Reims. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 19.12.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 128 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records do not mentions Calais and Arras as targets. However, it is not unreasonable to expect a balloon released in Kent to pass over Calais and Arras en route to St.­ Quentin. This dissemination is dated to 21/22 December 1941. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 21.12.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 129 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records state that this was a dissemination of F.134, not F.132. There is no way of determining which is the correct code. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 21.12.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 130 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records do not mention Calais as a target. However, it does not seem unreasonable that a balloon released in Kent should pass over Calais en route to Neufchâtel and Reims. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 23.12.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 131 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records show that 135,000 copies of F.50/37 were distributed by air, in contrast to 125,000 given in Air Ministry records. See note for balloon dissemination of F.50/37 on 24/25 December, which probably explains the mistake. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 23.12.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 132 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records do not mention Calais and Cambrai as targets for balloons. However, it does not seem unreasonable that a balloon released in Kent should pass over Calais and Cambrai en route to Verdun. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 24.12.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 133 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records show that 165,000 copies of F.50/37 were distributed by air, in contrast to 175,000 given in Air Ministry records. See note for balloon dissemination of F.50/37 on 23/24 December, which probably explains the mistake. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 23.12.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 69 BRITISH PROPAGANDA TO FRANCE, 1940—1944: ANNEXE ONE

134 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records do not mention Amiens and Calais as targets. However, it does not seem unreasonable that a balloon released in Kent should pass over Calais and Amiens en route to Meaux (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 26.12.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 135 ‘M’ Balloon unit records do not mention Dieppe as a target, but it does not seem unreasonable that a balloon released in Kent should pass over Dieppe en route to Rouen. The same source also dates this dissemination to 29/30 December 1941. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 29.12.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 136 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records do not mention Dieppe as a target, but it does not seem unreasonable that a balloon released in Kent should pass over Dieppe en route to Évreux. The wind must have changed before balloons were released for Caen, however! (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 30.12.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 137 Balloon totals tally with the cumulative total, but aircraft dissemination is 592,000 greater than the cumulative total. The obvious solution is that the cumulative total does not include the dissemination of 30 November/1 December; possibly this figure was included in the November total and explains the unknown quantity of leaflets listed for November? (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO 898/457). 138 Over the course of 1941, 923,950 more leaflets were distributed by aircraft, and 29,050 more leaflets were distributed by balloon – a further 952,500 – than were given credit for in the cumulative totals. See above for explanations of where this additional dissemination took place. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 139 This dissemination is not reported in Air Ministry records. Data from ‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 31.12.1941, NA: PRO AIR 29/22) 140 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records do not refer to Boulogne as a target. However, it does not seem unreasonable that a balloon released in Kent should pass over Boulogne en route to the eastern area of Rouen and western Paris. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 7.1.1942, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 141 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records refer to F.137a rather than F.137. There were only minor cosmetic differences between the two leaflets; the content was identical. ‘M’ Balloon Unit records also state a dissemination of 219 bundles, a total of 328,500 leaflets, as opposed to the 324,000 given in Air Ministry records. F.137 and F.137a were packed in bundles of 1500, and therefore either total could be correct if ‘M’ Balloon Unit actually disseminated 216 bundles. However, the higher figure shall be taken as it is closer to the point of release. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 7.1.1942, NA: PRO AIR 29/22; F.137 (1942) and F.137a (1942), British Library collection BS.14/1004). 142 Air Ministry records state that balloon dissemination also took place over Orléans, which is not mentioned by ‘M’ Balloon Unit records. A balloon released in Kent, passing over Rouen, would not unreasonably be expected to pass over Le Mans as well, but Orléans, some 125 km west of Le Mans, is south­south­east of Rouen, rather than south­west, and it seems unlikely, without a significant change of wind direction inside France, that any of these balloons could travel to Orléans. In every other case, too, where ‘M’ Balloon Unit records of targets do not correlate exactly with Air Ministry records – see numerous examples above – the missing targets have been intermediary locations rather than a final destination. For these reasons Orléans is not credited with a dissemination of leaflets on 8/9 January 1941. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 8.1.1942, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 143 From 1942, and also in 1943 and 1944, leaflet codes were restarted at F.1 in January. There was some overlap as older leaflets were used up, hence for example leaflets F.1 (1942 issue) and F.137 (1941 issue) being disseminated concurrently. For this reason, where code numbers overlap the older leaflets will be listed first, even if they have a higher number than later leaflets. 144 The original source document lists a distribution date of 11/13 January for F.134. With no other evidence for either 11/12 or 12/13 January, I have guessed here. 145 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records state that dissemination of F.3 was 275,250 rather than 275,500 as shown in Air Ministry records. Given that F.3 was packed in bundles of 750, the lower figure is most likely to be correct. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 19.1.1942, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 146 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records do not mention Boulogne as a target, but it does not seem unreasonable that a balloon released in Kent should pass over Boulogne en route to Paris. These disseminations are dated to 20/21 January in ‘M’ Balloon Unit records. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 20.1.1942, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 147 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records state that the 471,000 leaflets listed here carried by balloon were examples of F.137a, rather than F.137. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 22.1.1942, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 148 Cumulative totals state that total dissemination over France was 10,025,375. My totals suggest a rather smaller 7,978,875 of which 4,960,875 was carried by aircraft and 3,018,000 by balloon. 70 PART II: LEAFLET DIARY

Given the nature of the cumulative total (see next note) it is impossible to decide whether the remaining quantity of leaflets was dropped by aircraft or balloon. (Leaflet totals, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 149 Cumulative totals suggest that dissemination over France was entirely dropped by aircraft and records absolutely no balloon drops during January 1942. That there were no balloon drops is nonsense, and the most likely cause is that balloon data was inadvertently tallied together with aircraft data. The possibility that no balloon data formed part of the cumulative total must also be considered, in which case total dissemination was actually more than thirteen million. (Leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 150 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records do not mention Boulogne as a target for balloons. However, it does not seem unreasonable that a balloon released in Kent should pass over Boulogne en route to Châteauroux. Air Ministry records do not refer to the dissemination of F.5, only to F.7 over Boulogne and Châteauroux, but it seems likely that Boulogne was a likely intermediary stop for F.5 balloons as well. The Air Ministry records also suggest that the dissemination was carried out by aircraft. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 31.1.1942, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 151 The dissemination of 219,750 copies of F.5 is not mentioned in the Air Ministry records. Data from ‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 31.1.1942, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 152 Air Ministry records show that this was an aircraft dissemination. However, it appears in ‘M’ Balloon Unit records, which do not mention Dieppe as a target. But it does not seem unreasonable that a balloon released from Kent should pass over Dieppe en route to Blois. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 4.2.1942, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 153 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records do not mention Dieppe and Rouen as targets. However, it does not seem unreasonable that a balloon released in Kent should pass over Dieppe and Rouen en route to Poitiers. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 9.2.1942, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 154 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records do not mention Calais as a target, but it does not seem unreasonable that a balloon released in Kent should pass over Calais en route to Lille and Verdun. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 10.2.1942, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 155 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records state that 469,500 copies of F.11, as opposed to 469,000 were distributed. As F.11 was packed in bundles of 1,500, the higher figure seems more likely to be correct. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 10.2.1942, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 156 According to Air Ministry records, 264,000 copies of F.11 were distributed to Bernay, Lisieux and Rouen by balloon. It is not referred to in ‘M’ Balloon Unit’s ORB. Moreover, a balloon released from Kent, if it passed over Rouen, would have to make a sharp turn to the south­west to pass near Lisieux and Bernay, a change of course that would have entirely reliant on the weather and therefore impossible to predict. This is most likely, therefore, to have been an aircraft dissemination. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 157 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records do not refer to Dieppe as a target. However, it does not seem unreasonable that a balloon released in Kent should pass over Dieppe en route to Tours. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 15.2.1942, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 158 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records refer to the dissemination of F.137a, not F.137, and state that dissemination consisted of 106 bundles, which at 1,500 leaflets per bundle, is 159,000 rather than 150,000 (equally, dissemination could have been 100 bundles, or 150,000 leaflets). It further states that F.11 was distributed by balloon, not by aircraft. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 15.2.1942, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 159 Additionally, there was a dissemination of 187,500 copies of F.17 to Kiel, Germany, on 26/27 February, which is not included in the monthly totals. Cumulative totals suggest that total dissemination for February was 5,484,000, all carried out by aircraft; totals here suggest an additional 184,250 leaflets were disseminated by aircraft, plus 1,638,750 by balloon. See entry for 2 March, however, which may add even more unidentified leaflets. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 160 ‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, NA: PRO AIR 29/22. 161 Regional Leaflet Committee, Minutes, 2.3.1942, NA: PRO FO 898/428. 162 W.R. Chorley (1994), Royal Air Force Bomber Command Losses of the Second World War: Volume III, 1942, Leicester: Midland Counties Publications, pp. 48­49 163 P. Firkins (undated), Strike And Return, Perth: Paterson Brokensha, p. 28. 164 Chorley, Bomber Command Losses III, pp. 49­51. 165 Firkins, Strike And Return, p. 28. 71 BRITISH PROPAGANDA TO FRANCE, 1940—1944: ANNEXE ONE

166 Total aircraft dissemination before this addition, 8,373,700. Some of these leaflets may be explained by the entry for 2 March 1942. There was no balloon dissemination. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 167 ‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, entries for April 1942, NA: PRO AIR 29/22 168 Chorley, Bomber Command Losses III, pp. 58­60. 169 Chorley, Bomber Command Losses III, pp. 63­65. 170 Chorley, Bomber Command Losses III, p. 71. 171 This dissemination is not reported in Air Ministry records. (Minute to Bruce Lockhart, 8.5.1942, NA: PRO FO 898/444). 172 This dissemination is not reported in Air Ministry records. (Minute to Bruce Lockhart, 8.5.1942, NA: PRO FO 898/444). 173 Monthly Report on Propaganda, April 1942, NA: PRO FO 898/50. 174 Chorley, Bomber Command Losses III, p. 81 175 Total distribution before this addition, 12,092,103. Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457. 176 The dissemination of F.37 is not reported in Air Ministry records. (Minute to Bruce Lockhart, 8.5.1942, NA: PRO FO 898/444). 177 This dissemination is not reported in Air Ministry records. 404 bundles of F.15 were released; the figure of 303,000 leaflets is arrived at by assuming that each of those bundles contained 750 leaflets. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 3.5.1942, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 178 Other sources suggest that Toulon’s share of F.43 was 108,000 rather than 168,000. (Undated memo, ‘Four Special USA leaflets’, NA: PRO FO 898/433; Minute to Bruce Lockhart, 8.5.1942, NA: PRO FO 898/444). 179 These balloon disseminations are not reported in Air Ministry records. 127 bundles of F.13 and 409 bundles of F.15 were released; the figures of 95,250 and 306,750 leaflets respectively are arrived at by assuming that each of those bundles contained 750 leaflets. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 4.5.1942, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 180 Chorley, Bomber Command Losses III, p. 87 181 These balloon disseminations are not reported in Air Ministry records. 324 bundles of F.13 and 163 bundles of F.15 were released; the figures of 243,000 and 122,250 leaflets respectively are arrived at by assuming that each of those bundles contained 750 leaflets. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 5.5.1942, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 182 Bruce Lockhart to Bracken, 9.5.1942, NA: PRO INF 1/904 183 Monthly Report on Propaganda, May 1942, NA: PRO FO 898/50. 184 Note on casualties from leaflet operations by Bomber Command 1.1.1942­26.5.1942, 27.5.1942, NA: PRO AIR 20/8159 185 Chorley, Bomber Command Losses III, pp. 98­99.. 186 Policy and Planning Committee: Warnings and Instructions to the Occupied Peoples of Europe (Revised), 8.6.1943, NA: PRO FO 898/304 187 Totals before these additions, 16,716,505 a; 1,070,250 b; 17,786,755 ab. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 188 This dissemination is not reported in Air Ministry records. 463 bundles of F.44 were released; the figure of 347,250 leaflets is arrived at by assuming that each of those bundles contained 750 leaflets. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 31.5.1942, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 189 This balloon dissemination is not reported in Air Ministry records. 519 bundles of F.44 were released; the figure of 389,250 is arrived at by assuming that each of those bundles contained 750 leaflets. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 17.6.1942, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 190 This balloon dissemination is not reported in Air Ministry records. 283 bundles of F.44 were released; the figure of 212,250 is arrived at by assuming that each of those bundles contained 750 leaflets. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 18.6.1942, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 191 This balloon dissemination is not reported in Air Ministry records. 335 bundles of F.44 were released; the figure of 251,250 is arrived at by assuming that each of those bundles contained 750 leaflets. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 25.6.1942, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 192 Monthly Report on Propaganda, June 1942, NA: PRO FO 898/50. The identifiable targets have been listed here using their correct spellings. 193 Total before this addition, 12,572,948. Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457. 194 Balloon dissemination as given in the cumulative totals is 437,250 – some 762,750 fewer than listed here. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 72 PART II: LEAFLET DIARY

195 ‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, July 1942, NA: PRO AIR 29/22. 196 FO record of leaflets dropped over France, Holland and Germany in one week, 5.7.1942, NA: PRO FO 954/23A. Compare the additional targets with those listed under 27/28 July below. 197 An alternative source states that Vichy received 60,000 copies of F.87 rather than 30,000. As another source again states that Lyons and Vichy together received ‘roughly 200,000’ copies of F.87, the higher figure has been selected. Total dissemination on 13/14 July was also reported to be ‘nearly five million’ as compared to the 4,351,500 accounted for here. (Memo to Bruce Lockhart, 16.7.1942, NA: PRO FO 898/432; Leaflet Operations for the month of July 1942, NA: PRO AIR 20/4729). 198 Monthly Report on Propaganda, July 1942, NA: PRO FO 898/50. Compare the additional targets with those listed in the entry dated 5 July. 199 Sic. Given the intended target was at sea – see following note – it is probable that this operation was carried out during the day. 200 F.99 was aimed at French fishermen and this drop was carried out over the fishing fleet while at sea. The original entry gives eight sets of four, digit latitude and longitude coordinates, with the comment that ‘the centre of these positions is 6 W of Brest.’ The mean of the coordinates is 46˚91’ N and 08˚58’ W – by my reckoning about 310 miles west of Les Sables d’Olonne. This is, by longitudinal coordinates, about 6˚ W of Brest, but of course also some distance to the south. 201 A combined total of 336,000, for deliveries to the French fishing fleet at sea, on the two occasions of 30/31 July and 6/7 August, is given. No separate totals are listed in the Air Ministry records, and the division is entirely mine, and may have an effect on speculated additional dissemination in both months. 202 Total dissemination before this addition, 9,878,500. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 203 These balloon disseminations are not reported in Air Ministry records. 296 bundles of F.92 and 336 bundles of F.97 were released; the figures of 222,000 and 252,000 respectively are arrived at by assuming that each of those bundles contained 750 leaflets. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 4.8.1942, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 204 These balloon disseminations are not reported in Air Ministry records. 266 bundles of F.92 and 254 bundles of F.97 were released; the figures of 199,500 and 190,500 respectively are arrived at by assuming that each of those bundles contained 750 leaflets. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 5.8.1942, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 205 A combined total of 336,000, for deliveries to the French fishing fleet at sea, on the two occasions of 30/31 July and 6/7 August, is given. No separate totals are listed in the Air Ministry records, and the division is entirely mine, and may have an effect on speculated additional dissemination in both months. 206 These balloon disseminations are not reported in Air Ministry records. 205 bundles of F.92 and 645 bundles of F.97 were released; the figures of 153,750 are 483,750 respectively are arrived at by assuming that each of those bundles contained 750 leaflets. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 23.8.1942, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 207 Monthly Report on Propaganda, August 1942, NA: PRO FO 898/50. 208 Total distribution before this addition, 4,640,340. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 209 Cumulative totals show a monthly dissemination by balloon of 349,375 leaflets, some 1,152,125 less than is listed here. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 210 ‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, September 1942, NA: PRO AIR 29/22. 211 PWE­Air Ministry sub­committee, Minutes, 15.9.1942, NA: PRO FO 898/429 212 Chorley, Bomber Command Losses III, pp. 223­225. 213 Regional Leaflet Committee, Minutes, 21.9.1942, NA: PRO FO 898/428. 214 Monthly Report on Propaganda, September 1942, NA: PRO FO 898/50. 215 Total before this addition, 2,722,980. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 216 Regional Leaflet Committee, Minutes, 5.10.1942, NA: PRO FO 898/428. 217 The actual entry reads: ‘PTTQ 0535 50 feet [new line] 40 miles Ferrol 275 96 miles.’ This may indicate a French fishing fleet which had been assigned the code PTTQ, over which leaflets were dropped at 5.35 a.m. from a height of fifty feet. As far as the remainder of the entry goes, Ferrol is a small town on the north, western tip of Spain, just north of La Coruña; I cannot shed any light on the remainder of the data. 73 BRITISH PROPAGANDA TO FRANCE, 1940—1944: ANNEXE ONE

218 The original entry reads ‘RQTQ 0030 200’ [new line] 210 miles Brest 280 degrees’. I assume this means 210 miles from Brest on a course of 280 degrees, rather than to Brest, which would have put the drop somewhere near Chartres. 280 degrees is slightly north of west. 219 The original entry gives a leaflet code of F.8. This leaflet was entitled ‘To Occupied France’ and, according to the Complete Index, was disseminated for the final time on 29/30 May. I suggest that the leaflet indicated here and for the disseminations of 8 and 9 October was F.48 ‘Mercantile Navy No.2.’ 220 The original entry reads ‘LRHY 5208 – LRHY 5416 – LRHY 5145 [New line] 44.05/47.00 N [New line] 08.00/10.00 W’. These coordinates are (44˚05’N 08˚00’W) about 350 miles west of Arcachon, in the southern Bay of Biscay, and (47˚00’N 10˚00’W) about 270 miles west of Lorient, not very far from the dissemination of October 7. 221 The original entry reads ‘ZXHY 0000 – PTHY 3600 – KQAF 0000 – LRTQ 1025’. I can divine no meaning from this data. 222 PWE­Air Ministry Sub­committee, 13.10.1942, NA: PRO FO 898/429; Nickels Operations for quarter ending 31.3.1941, NA: PRO AIR 14/603. 223 These balloon disseminations are not reported in Air Ministry records. 205 bundles of F.92 and 489 bundles of F.97 were released; the figures of 153,750 and 366,750 respectively are arrived at by assuming that each of those bundles contained 750 leaflets. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 18.10.1942, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 224 Chorley, Bomber Command Losses III, p. 250. 225 Total before this addition, 2,982,200 a. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 226 Cumulative totals show balloon dissemination for October to have been 98,325, some 422,175 leaflets fewer than the data above states. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 227 Statistics for leaflets dropped in Torch campaign, NA: PRO FO 898/515. 228 Statistics for leaflets dropped in Torch campaign, NA: PRO FO 898/515. 229 Chorley, Bomber Command Losses III, p. 262 230 The original source document gives a figure of 4,8000 [sic]. I have opted for 48,000 on the grounds that 4,800 leaflets was an absurdly small number to drop over a city the size of Paris. 231 This balloon dissemination is not reported in Air Ministry records. 402 bundles of F.133 were released; the figure of 301,500 is arrived at by assuming that each of those bundles contained 750 leaflets. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 21.11.1942, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 232 This balloon dissemination is not reported in Air Ministry records. 398 bundles of F.133 were released; the figure of 298,500 is arrived at by assuming that each of those bundles contained 750 leaflets. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 22.11.1942, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 233 These balloon disseminations are not reported in Air Ministry records. 89 bundles of F.133 and 967 bundles of F.149 were released; the figures of 66,750 and 725,250 respectively are arrived at by assuming that each of those bundles contained 750 leaflets. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 28.11.1942, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 234 Total before this addition, 35,830,500 a. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 235 Cumulative totals suggest that balloon dissemination in November 1942 was significantly lower – a total of 715,100 is recorded, some 676,900 fewer than as listed above. 236 ‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, December 1942, NA: PRO AIR 29/22. 237 Total before this addition, 4,911,500 a. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 238 Cumulative totals suggest that over the course of 1942, 4,880,340 additional leaflets by aircraft were disseminated than are shown in this total, although some must be included in the a/b category. Conversely, 7,670,750 fewer balloon leaflets are recorded in the cumulative total, and the discrepancy may be slightly larger if any of the a/b category leaflets were disseminated by balloon. Overall, the cumulative figures show 1942’s dissemination to be 4,836,860 fewer than listed above. The confusion with these figures relates back to the disseminations of January 1942. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 239 This and following entries for disseminations on the night of 31 December 1942, 1 January 1943 are included in the Air Ministry records for the period ending in December 1942. 240 These balloon disseminations are not reported in Air Ministry records. 208 bundles of F.133, 370 bundles of F.149, and 77 bundles of F.155 were released; the figures of 156,000, 277,500 and 74 PART II: LEAFLET DIARY

57,750 respectively are arrived at by assuming that each of those bundles contained 750 leaflets. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 18.10.1942, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 241 Not reported in Air Ministry records. ‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 4.1.1943, NA: PRO AIR 29/22. 242 ‘M’ Balloon Unit records show that 247 bundles – 185,250 leaflets at 750 leaflets per bundle – of F.155 were disseminated, rather than 186,000 as stated elsewhere. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 8.1.1943, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 243 W.R. Chorley (1996), Royal Air Force Bomber Command Losses of the Second World War, Volume Four: 1943, Leicester: Midland Counties Publications, p. 18. 244 Not reported in Air Ministry records. ‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 24.1.1943, NA: PRO AIR 29/22. 245 Chorley, Bomber Command Losses IV, p. 29. 246 Total before this addition, 7,628,052 a. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 247 Cumulative totals state that balloon dissemination was 2,614,000, 257,750 fewer than listed above. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 248 This dissemination in not reported in Air Ministry records. ‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 7.2.1943, NA: PRO AIR 29/22 249 Chorley, Bomber Command Losses IV, p. 39 250 Chorley, Bomber Command Losses IV, p. 39. 251 A reprint of the 1942 leaflet F.149. 252 Distribution of F.12 over Rouen was either 225,000 or 525,000, but the first figure of the original entry is a 5 overtyped with a 2 or vice, versa. It is impossible to tell which was the correction, and which the mistake, and so I have opted for the higher figure. 253 The original entry lists F.15/USF.19. According to the Complete Index, both leaflets have identical dates of first and last dissemination; but F.15 is titled Revue [de la Presse Libre] while USF.19 is L’Amerique en Guerre No. 29 (Casablanca). (Complete Index, p. 17, p. 21). 254 These balloon disseminations are not reported in Air Ministry records. ‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 16.2.1943, NA: PRO AIR 29/22. 255 This dissemination is not reported in Air Ministry records. ‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 17.2.1943, NA:PRO AIR 29/22. 256 The balloon element of this dissemination is not reported in Air Ministry records. ‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 18.2.1943, NA: PRO AIR 29/22. 257 Chorley, Bomber Command Losses IV, p. 44. 258 This balloon dissemination is not reported in Air Ministry records. ‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 26.2.1943, NA: PRO AIR 29/22. 259 This balloon dissemination is not reported in Air Ministry records. ‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 27.2.1943, NA: PRO AIR 29/22. 260 Totals before these additions, 9,070,300 a; 3,480,750 b; 12,407,050 ab. (Cumulative leaflet statistics 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 261 Chorley, Bomber Command Losses IV, p. 80. 262 Total before this addition, 11,822,136 a. Balloon data matches. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­ 1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 263 Balloon dissemination not reported in Air Ministry records. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 2.4.1943, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 264 Balloon dissemination is not reported in Air Ministry records. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 3.4.1943, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 265 Not reported in Air Ministry records. ‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 8.4.1943, NA: PRO AIR 29/22. 266 Not reported in Air Ministry records. ‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 9.4.1943, NA: PRO AIR 29/22. 267 Total before this addition, 7,091,140 a. Balloon totals tally. Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­ 1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457. 268 My reckoning, using a mean of the latitude and longitude coordinates given: 45, 49N, 10, 1330W. 269 My reckoning, using a mean of the latitude and longitude coordinates given: 44, 48N, 0830, 1230W. 270 My reckoning, using a mean of the latitude and longitude coordinates given: 45, 49N, 10, 1330W. 271 Chorley, Bomber Command Losses IV, p. 154. 272 My reckoning, using a mean of the latitude and longitude coordinates given: 44, 48N, 0830, 1200W 273 My reckoning, using a mean of the latitude and longitude coordinates given: 45, 49N, 10, 1030W 274 My reckoning, using a mean of the latitude and longitude coordinates given: 44, 48N, 0830, 1200W 75 BRITISH PROPAGANDA TO FRANCE, 1940—1944: ANNEXE ONE

275 My reckoning, using a mean of the latitude and longitude coordinates given: 44, 48N, 0830, 1200W 276 My reckoning, using a mean of the latitude and longitude coordinates given: 4430, 48N, 1000, 1200W 277 My reckoning, using a mean of the latitude and longitude coordinates given: 4415, 4815N, 0850, 1100W. 278 My reckoning, using a mean of the latitude and longitude coordinates given: 45, 49N, 10, 1330W. 279 Total before this addition, 19,255,750 a. Balloon totals tally. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­ 1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 280 My reckoning, using a mean of the latitude and longitude coordinates given: 44, 48N, 0830, 1200W. 281 My reckoning, using a mean of the latitude and longitude coordinates given: 45, 49N, 1030, 1330W 282 My reckoning, using a mean of the latitude and longitude coordinates given: 48, 49N, 10, 11W. 283 Chorley, Bomber Command Losses IV, p. 173, gives no details for this aircraft. 284 Chorley, Bomber Command Losses IV, p. 174, gives no details for this aircraft. 285 Chorley, Bomber Command Losses IV, p. 174. 286 Chorley, Bomber Command Losses IV, p. 175. Chorley does not explain why one of the fatalities should have been buried in Marseilles, hundreds of miles from the crash site. 287 Chorley, Bomber Command Losses IV, p. 198. 288 Total before this addition, 19,671,400 a. Balloon totals tally. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­ 1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 289 This dissemination is dated to 1/2 July 1943 by ‘M’ Balloon Unit records. (‘M’ Balloon Unit ORB, 1.7.1943, NA: PRO AIR 29/22). 290 My reckoning, using latitude and longitude coordinates given: 4316N, 0944W and 4515N 1133W. 291 Chorley, Bomber Command Losses IV, pp. 229­232, gives no details for the loss of this aircraft. 292 My reckoning, using latitude and longitude coordinates given: 4404N, 1008W. 293 My reckoning, using latitude and longitude coordinates given: 4422N, 0843W. 294 Total before this addition, 20,273,100 a. Balloon totals tally. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­ 1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 295 Chorley, Bomber Command Losses IV, p. 255. 296 Chorley, Bomber Command Losses IV, p. 289 297 Total before this addition, 19,589,240 a. (Cumulative leaflets statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 298 Chorley, Bomber Command Losses IV, p. 301 299 My reckoning, using latitude and longitude coordinates given: 47.55N, 11.40W. 300 My reckoning, using the mean of the latitude and longitude coordinates given: 48.00N, 09.30W; 48.00N, 12.00W; 44.00N, 11.00W; 44.00N, 09.30W. 301 My reckoning, using the mean of the latitude and longitude coordinates 49.05N, 09.24W; 49.31N, 09.48W, and coordinates 47.58N, 09.18W. 302 Chorley, Bomber Command Losses IV, p. 328. 303 My reckoning, using latitude and longitude coordinates given: 49.30N, 09.13W, and the mean of 50.35N, 06.48W; 49.35N, 09.40W. 304 Total before this addition, 15,568,160 a. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 305 Paris as a target is not mentioned in Air Ministry records. It originates from Bomber Command logs which also list every other target given here. Air Ministry records seem to be quite precise, so the absence of Paris is probably an overall omission of data rather than simply of Paris as one recipient of part of a large quantity of leaflets, hence the F.?? inclusion. (Bomber Command Intelligence Narrative of Operations No. 691, 5­8.10.1943, NA: PRO AIR 24/260). 306 Bomber Command Intelligence Narrative of Operations No. 692, 9­14.10.1943, NA: PRO AIR 24/260 307 This entry is in a slightly different typeface and is clearly a later addition to the record. It is possible that the entry refers to the following batch of leaflets rather than the preceding batch, and therefore refers to a distribution of 104,000 copies of F.139 over St.­Quentin on the night of 2/3 October 1943. 308 Total before this addition, 19,941,000 a. (Cumulative leaflet statistics 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 76 PART II: LEAFLET DIARY

309 The Air Ministry records covering the dissemination refer solely to Desvres, a small town east of Boulogne. The document is damaged and the first two digits of the quantity – clearly two, not three – are illegible. An alternative source suggests that on this date No. 2 Group RAF and aircraft from the USAAF dropped over half a million copies of F.157 over the north coast of France. If 2 Group carried up to 99,000 copies to Desvres and the remainder (>401,000) was carried by the USAAF, this might explain why the Air Ministry records relate to Desvres only. (Leaflet Operations, November 1943, NA: PRO AIR 20/4729). 310 Leaflet Operations, November 1943, NA: PRO AIR 20/4729. 311 Modane is on the Franco­Italian border roughly half, way between Grenoble and Turin, at the northern entrance to the Frejus tunnel. 312 Original dating for dissemination of F.169 is actually 23/25 November 1943. Given that, according to the Complete Index, p. 19, F.169 was first disseminated on 24/25 November 1943, I have assumed the later date to be correct. 313 Total before this addition, >25,582,560 a. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 314 In the original entry for Rennes, the first half of the date is illegible. I have assumed that 12/13 December is correct from the 13 alone. 315 No indication is given to show where the Special areas were. 316 Total before this addition, 30,514,837 a. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 317 Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457. 318 W.R. Chorley (1997), Royal Air Force Bomber Command Losses in the Second World War, Volume Five: 1944, Leicester: Midland Counties Publications, p. 52. 319 Total before this addition, 21,453,712 a. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 320 Not reported in Air Ministry records. Data is drawn from M. Girard, (1996) ‘Vercors 1944’, Falling Leaf: The Journal of the Psywar Society, 155 (Winter) pp. 144­147. Girard gives a poor copy of the source document, which he states was found at the PRO by another Psywar Society member, Lee Richards, but does not give a reference, and despite my extensive research I have been unable to find the same document. 321 Dissemination of F.185 and F.2 to Decise, Digoin, Mer, Moulins and Sancerre not reported in Air Ministry records. Data is drawn from Girard, ‘Vercors 1944’, pp. 144­147. 322 Not reported in Air Ministry records. Data is drawn from Girard, ‘Vercors 1944’, pp. 144­147. 323 Air Historical Branch to Girard, 12.11.1992, reproduced in Girard, ‘Vercors 1944’, p. 147. 324 Total before this addition, 7,050,196 a. (Cumulative leaflet statistics 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 325 Sic. Presumably this was one single packet of F.180. 326 Chorley, Bomber Command Losses, V, p. 107. 327 Data from Evidence of Reception, Leaflets, May 1944, NA: PRO FO 898/463. The leaflet in question was an edition of Accord, possibly F.186 (1943) or F.16 (1944), and the leaflet was dropped by aircraft based in North Africa. 328 Distribution of 160,240 copies of F.18 to Fontainebleau is recorded in the original document with the second digit being a 6 overtyped with a 7 or vice versa. All quantities of the leaflet listed elsewhere are divisible precisely by 16,024, leading me to conclude that the correct figure is 160,240 rather than 170,240. 329 Total before this addition, 21,620,126 a. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). Some of these additional leaflets may account for the leaflets dropped over Cannes and other southern French towns. 330 This and other disseminations for 31 March/1 April 1944 actually listed in Volume 22, January, March 1944. 331 Not reported in Air Ministry records. PWE Report to the War Cabinet, 6.5.1944, NA: PRO FO 898/353; Undated note detailing leaflets giving advice to French and Belgians disseminated, NA: PRO FO 898/379. 332 Not reported in Air Ministry records. PWE Report to the War Cabinet, 6.5.1944, NA: PRO FO 898/353. 333 Not reported in Air Ministry records. PWE Report to the War Cabinet, 6.5.1944, NA: PRO FO 898/353. 334 Not reported in Air Ministry records. PWE Report to the War Cabinet, 6.5.1944, NA: PRO FO 898/353. 77 BRITISH PROPAGANDA TO FRANCE, 1940—1944: ANNEXE ONE

335 Not reported in Air Ministry records. PWE Report to the War Cabinet, 6.5.1944, NA: PRO FO 898/353. 336 Not reported in Air Ministry records. PWE Report to the War Cabinet, 6.5.1944, NA: PRO FO 898/353. 337 Not reported in Air Ministry records. PWE Report to the War Cabinet, 6.5.1944, NA: PRO FO 898/353. 338 Total before this addition, 12,367,070. (Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457). 339 Not reported in Air Ministry records. Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457. 340 Leaflet Report, June 1944, NA: PRO AIR 20/4729 341 Not reported in Air Ministry records. Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457. 342 Not reported in Air Ministry records. Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457. 343 This dissemination is not reported in Air Ministry records. It comes from a memo by Bruce Lockhart who refers to a leaflet entitled ‘French Army is Fighting in France.’ No such title is reproduced in the Complete Index; the PWE­OWI joint production XF.2 is ‘French Army in France’ which was disseminated between 14/15 August and 8/9 September 1944. The figure of 800,000 given may therefore also include dissemination of this leaflet in September and is not separately included in monthly totals. (Bruce Lockhart to Peck, 12.9.1944, NA: PRO FO 898/429; Complete Index, p. 21, p. 23). 344 Not reported in Air Ministry records. Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457. 345 Not reported in Air Ministry records. Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457. 346 Cumulative leaflet statistics, 1939­1945, NA: PRO FO 898/457.