A Scanning Electron Microscope Survey of the Epidermis of East African Grasses, IV

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTASY NUMBER 62

Patricia G. Palmer and Susan Gerbeth-Jones

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS City of Washington 1986 ABSTRACT Palmer, Patricia G., and Susan Gerbeth-Jones. A Scanning Electron Micro- scope Survey of the Epidermis of East African Grasses, IV. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, number 62, 120 pages, 86 plates, 1986.-In devel- oping a reference collection as a standard for using fossil grass cuticles as a paleoecological tool, we have examined leaf epidermal features of grasses using SEM. Descriptions (abaxial and adaxial surfaces) of 43 East African species are presented comprising three tribes: Arundinelleae, Isachneae, and Paniceae.

OFFICIALPUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution’s annual report, Snithsonian Year. SERIESCOVER DESIGN: Leaf clearing from the katsura tree Cercidiph~llumjaponicum Siebold 8c Zuccarini.

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data (Revised for vol. 4) Palmer, Patricia G’. A scanning electron microscope survey of the epidermis of East African grasses. ISmithsonian contributions to botanv : no. 49. 53. 55) i’ol. 3 by Patricia G. Palmer, Susan Gerbeth-Jones, and Susan Hutchison. Vol. 4 by Patricia G. Palmer and Susan Gerbeth-Jones. Includes bibliographies and indexes. Supt. of Docs. no. : SI 1.29:62 1. Grasses-Africa, East-Anatomy-Atlases. 2. Grasses-Anatomy-Atlases. 3. Leaves- Anatomy-Atlases. 4. Epidermis-Atlases. 5. Ultrastructure (Biology)-Atlases. I. Ti- tle. 11. Series. QKl.S2747 no. 49, etc. 581 s [584’.909676] 80-19201 [QK495.G74] Contents

Page Introduction ...... 1 Acknowledgments ...... 1 Materials and Methods...... 1 Fortnat for Species Descriptions ...... 2 Tribe ARUNDINELLEAE...... 2 Arundinella nepalensis Trinius ...... 2 Gilgiochloa indurata Pilger ...... 3 Loudetia arundinacea (A. Richard) Steudel ...... 3 Trichopteryx stolziana Henrard ...... 4 Tristachya bequaertii De Wildeman ...... 4 Zonotriche inamoena (K. Schumann) W.D. Clayton ...... 5 T~~~~ISACHNEAE...... 6 Coelachne africana Pilger ...... 6 Heteranthoecia guineensis (Franchet) Robyns ...... 6 Isachne buettneri Hackel ...... 7 TribePANICEAE ...... 8 Acritochaete volkensii Pilger ...... 8 Acroceras zizanioides (Kunth) Dandy ...... 8 Alloteropsis angusta Stapf ...... 9 Anthephora elongata De Wildeman ...... 10 Axonopusflexuosus (Peter) Troupin ...... 10 Brachiaria brizantha (A. Richard) Stapf ...... 11 Cenchrus ciliaris Linnaeus ...... 1 1 Chaetopoa taylori C.E. Hubbard ...... 12 Chloachne oplismenoides (Hackel) Robyns ...... 13 Chlorocalymma cryptacanthum W.D. Clayton...... 13 Cyrtococcum multinode (Lamarck) W.D. Clayton ...... 14 Digitaria diagonalis (Nees) Stapf var. uniglumis (A. Richard) Pilger . 15 Eccoptocarpha obconiciventris Launert ...... 15 Echinochloa haploclada (Stapf) Stapf ...... 16 Entolasia imbricata Stapf ...... 17 Eriochloa meyerana (Nees) Pilger ...... 17 Holcolemma inaequale W.D. Clayton...... 18 Hylebates chlorochloe (K. Schumann) Napper ...... 19 Melinis ambigua Hackel ...... 19 Odontelytrum abyssinicum Hackel ...... 20 Oplismenus burmannii (Retzius) P. Beauvois ...... 2 1 Panicum trichoides Swartz ...... 2 1 Paspalidium geminatum (Forsskal) Stapf ...... 22 Paspalum conjugatum Berg...... 23 ... 111 1v SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

Pennisetum purpureum Schumacher ...... 23 Pseudechinolaena polystachya (Kunth) Stapf ...... 24 Rhynchelytrum kallimorphon W.D. Clayton ...... 25 Sacciolepis africana C.E. Hubbard and Snowden ...... 25 Setaria plicatilis (Hochstetter) Engler ...... 26 Snowdenia petitiana (A . Richard) C.E. Hubbard ...... 27 Stenotaphrum dimidiatum (Linnaeus) Brongniart ...... 28 Stereochlaena caespitosa W.D. Clayton ...... 28 Tricholaena tenergae (Linnaeus f.) Link ...... 29 Urochloa mosambicensis (Hackel) Dandy ...... 30 Appendix: Material Studied ...... 31 Literature Cited ...... 33 Plates ...... 34 Index to Grass Species ...... 120 A Scanning Electron Microscope Survey of the Epidermis of East African Grasses, IV

Patricia G. Palmer and Susan Gerbeth-Jones

Introduction Clayton (1970, 1974, 1982). We also follow the nomenclature of the Flora of Tropical East Africa. This paper represents the fourth part of a ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.-We thank D.A. Living- survey of East African grasses. The purpose of stone of the Department of Zoology, Duke Uni- this survey is to develop a reference collection of versity for research support and encouragement the microanatomical features of the leaves of in this study. T. Perdue, L. Burney, N. Saunders, modern grasses. The reference collection will D. Burney, and D. Thompson provided valuable provide a standard of comparison for identifying technical assistance. We are grateful to W.D. fossil leaf fragments that are abundant in East Clayton and S. Renvoize of the Kew Herbarium, African lake sediments (Palmer, 1976). As in the T. Soderstrom of the National Herbarium, and first three volumes of this survey (Palmer and G. Davidse of the Herbarium of the Missouri Tucker, 1981, 1983; Palmer, Gerbeth-Jones, Botanical Garden for providing material for and Hutchison, 1985), we are examining the study. This research was supported by NSF grass leaves using scanning electron microscopy grants DEB78-17669, ATM80-03516, and (SEM). The reader should refer to the first vol- ATM83-04488 to D.A. Livingstone and BSR84- ume (Palmer and Tucker, 1981) for discussion 00520 to P.G. Palmer and D.A. Livingstone. of terminology and illustrations of diagnostic fea- MATERIALSAND METHODS.-Leaf material for tures. scanning electron microscopy was taken from This volume includes 43 genera representing dried herbarium material. A section from the three tribes: Arundinelleae, Isachneae, and Pan- middle portion of a blade from an upper, mature, iceae. undamaged leaf was chosen for study. Wax was We delimit East Africa to include Uganda, removed by soaking the specimen in xylene for Kenya, and Tanzania, the region dealt with in 24 hours. Two pieces of the leaf (one exposing the Flora of Tropical East Africa, Gramineae by the abaxial or lower surface, the other exposing the adaxial or upper surface) were mounted on Patricia G. Palmer, Department of Biology, Louisburg College, stubs with double-coated Scotch tape. The Louisburg, ‘Vorth Carolina 27549. Susan Gerbeth-Jones, De- partment of Zoolog+j, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina specimens were sputter-coated with gold-pallad- 27706. ium, observed with a JEOL T20 or a Philips 50 1

1 2 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY scanning electron microscope, and photo- markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: graphed using Polaroid P/N 665 or P/N 55 film. None seen (Plate lb,c). Occasionally, specimens were examined by en- PRICKLES.-common; costal and intercostal ergy dispersive X-ray analysis using the EDAX prickles, occasionally intercostal hooks (Plate 1d). 9 100/60 to clarify certain anatomical features. SHORTCELLs.-Costal solitary, paired, 3-5/ The photomicrographs are deposited in the lab- row; intercostal solitary, paired. Silica Cells: Cos- oratory of D.A. Livingstone, Department of Zo- tal and intercostal abundant. Cork Cells: Costal ology, Duke University. and intercostal abundant (Plate la,b,e). SILICABoDIEs.-costal and intercostal highly variable from elliptical to round to square to Format for Species Descriptions crescent-shaped to narrowly saddle-shaped (Plate 1b,e). STOMATA.-Frequency; subsidiary cell shape; MICROHAIRS.-common; two-celled; basal distribution; special features. and apical equal in length, long; apex tapered. LONG CELLS.-Shape; outline of walls. Pa- Basal and apical cells are usually collapsed (Plate pillae: Number/cell, distribution on each cell, 1e). shape, size. MACROHAIRS.-InfreqUent, intercostal; basal PRICKLES.-Frequency; location and type. cells markedly raised (Plate If). SHORTCELLs.-Location and distribution. Sil- ica Cells: Location and frequency. Cork Cells: ADAXIAL Location and frequency. SILICABODIES.-Location and shape. STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome; 2 stomata] MICROHAIRS.-Frequency ; number of cells; band/intercostal zone, 1-3 rows/band (Plate 2a, shape; shape of apex. b). MACROHAIRS.-Frequency; location; nature of INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular to base. long, narrow, width uniform; ends markedly con- SPECIALFEATURES.-Description of unique cave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Pa- features not covered in other categories. pillae: None seen (Plate 2a). LONG CELLs.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, Tribe ARUNDINELLEAE raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 2a,c,d). PRrcKLEs.-Common; costal prickles; inter- Arundinella nepalensis Trinius costal prickles and hooks (Plate 2c). SHORTCELLs.-Costal and intercostal solitary, PLATES 1-2 paired. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal ABAXIAL common. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal common (Plate 2d,e). STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome; 2-3 sto- SILICABoDIEs.-costal and intercostal shape matal bands/intercostal zone, 1-2 rows/band. highly variable from round to square to elliptical Intercostal zone is very wide (Plate la,b). to crescent-shaped to saddle-shaped to cross- INTERSTOMATALCELLS.-Rectangular, long, shaped (Plate 2a,d,e). narrow, width uniform; ends slightly to markedly MIcRoHAIRs.-~ommon; two-celled; basal concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. and apical equal in length, long; apex tapered Papillae: None seen. Interstomatal cells are often (Plate 2e). interrupted by short cells (Plate la,b,c). MACROHAIRS-Infrequent; intercostal; basal LONGCELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; cells markedly raised (Plate 2f). NUMBER 62 3

Gilgiochloa indurata Pilger PRIcKLEs.--Common; costal and intercostal prickles (Plate 4c,d). PLATES 3-4 SHORTCELLs.-CostaI paired, 3-5/row, >5/ ABAXIAL row; intercostal not seen. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal STOMATA.-cOmmOn; low-dome or some- abundant; intercostal not seen (Plate 4d). times collapsed and appearing parallel; 2-3 sto- SILICABODIES.-cOStal dumbbell, ends con- niatal bands/intercostal zone, rows/band 1-2 cave to straight, middle narrow, long or short; (Plate 3b,c). intercostal not seen (Plate 4d). INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-Long, narrow, MICROHAIRS.-Abundant; two-celled; basal width uniform; ends slightly concave; markedly and apical equal in length, long; apex tapered sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 4e). (Plate 3c). MACROHAIRS.-Abundant; intercostal; basal LONGCELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; cells markedly raised. There are two sizes of markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: macrohairs, large, intercostal ones that appear None seen (Plate 3c,e). infrequently and small ones that are abundant PRrcKLEs.-Common; costal and intercostal on raised intercostal ridges (Plate 4af). prickles (Plate 3c,d). SHORTCELLS.-Costal paired, 3-5/row, >5/ Loudetia arundinacea (A. Richard) Steudel row; intercostal solitary. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal PLATES5-6 abundant; intercostal infrequent (Plate 3d,e). SILICABoDIEs.-costal and intercostal dumb- ABAXIAL bell, ends straight to concave, middle narrow, STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome; 3 or 4 sto- long (Plate 34. matal bands/intercostal zone, 1 row/band (Plate MICROHAIRS.-cOmmOn; two-celled; basal 5a,b). and apical equal in length, long; apex tapered INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-Square, rectangu- (Plate 3f). lar; ends straight to slightly concave; nonsinuous. MACROHAIRS.-common to abundant; inter- Papillae: None or l/cell, globose, uniform. costal; basal cells markedly raised. There are two Sometimes the interstomatal cell is raised to re- sizes of macrohairs, large, intercostal ones that semble a papilla. Sometimes there are several appear infrequently and small ones that are abun- interstomatal cells between stomata (Plate 5b,c). dant on raised intercostal ridges (Plate 3a,c). LONG CELLs.-Square, rectangular; nonsinuous 0).Papillae: None seen (Plate 5a,c). ADAXIAL PRIcKLEs.-Infrequent to common; costal STOMATA.-cOmmOn; low-dome or some- prickles; intercostal hooks (Plate 5a,d). times collapsed and appearing parallel; 2-3 sto- SHORT CELLS.-Costal 3-5/row or >5/row; matal bands/intercostal zone, 1 row/band (Plate intercostal solitary (cork cells only). Silica Cells: 4b,d). Costal abundant; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular to Costal abundant; intercostal common (Plate 5a, long, narrow, width uniform; ends straight to 4. convex; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. SILICA BoDIEs.-costal dumbbell, ends Papillae: None seen (Plate 4c). straight, middle short and narrow; intercostal not LONGCELLS.-Long, narrow, width uniform; seen (Plate 5d). markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: MICROHAIRS.-Abundant; two-celled; basal None seen (Plate 4c). and apical equal in length, medium or basal 4 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

longer, apical slightly shorter; apex rounded PRIcKLEs.-Infrequent, marginal prickles. (Plate 5e). SHORT CELLS.-coStal>5/row; intercostal not MACROHAIRS.-Infrequent; intercostal; basal seen. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not cells markedly raised (Plate 5f). seen. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not seen (Plate 7d). ADAXIAL SILICA BoDIEs.-costal dumbbell, ends STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome; 1 stomata] straight, middle narrow, long or short; intercos- band/intercostal zone, 1 or 2 rows/band (Plate tal not seen. Silica cells are sometimes adjacent 6a,b). to each other (Plate 7d). JNTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular; ends MICROHAIRS.-Abundant; two-celled; basal slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, shorter, apical longer; apex tapered (Plate 7e). raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 6a). MACROHAIRS.-Abundant; intercostal; basal LONGCELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; cells slightly raised (Plate 7af). markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None or l/cell, globose, uniform. Papillae when ADAXIAL present are on the long cells adjacent to the STOMATA.-Abundant; high-dome; 2 stomatal stomata and opposite the stomata (Plate 6a,b). bands/intercostal zone, 1 row/band (Plate 8a,b). PRICKLES.-Abundant; costal and intercostal INTERSTOMATALCELLS.-Rectangular; ends prickles; intercostal hooks (Plate 6cf). straight to convex; nonsinuous. Papillae: None SHORT CELLs.-Costal paired, 3-5/row or seen (Plate 8c). >5/row; intercostal solitary (silica cells only). sil- LONG CELLs.-Rectangular; nonsinuous. Pa- ica Cells: Costal common; intercostal infrequent. pillae: None seen (Plate 8c). Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal not seen PRIcKLEs.-Infrequent; marginal prickles. (Plate 6d,e). SHORT CELLS.-Costal>5/row; intercostal not SILICABoDrEs.-costal and intercostal dumb- seen. Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal not bell, ends rounded, middle short and narrow seen. Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal not (Plate 6d,e). seen (Plate 8d). MIcRoHA1Rs.-Abundant; two-celled; basal SILICA BoDIEs.-Costal dumbbell, ends and apical equal in length, medium to basal straight, middle narrow and short, nodular; in- longer, apical slightly shorter; apex rounded tercostal not seen. Silica cells are sometimes ad- (Plate 6e). jacent (Plate 8d). MAcRoHAms.--Infrequent; intercostal; basal MIcRoHA1Rs.-common; two-celled; basal cells markedly raised (Plate 6f). and apical equal in length, medium; apex tapered. Both cells are collapsed (Plate 8e). Trichopteyx stolziana Henrard MACROHAIRS.-common; intercostal; basal PLATES 7-8 cells slightly raised. There are two sizes of ma- ABAXIAL crohairs (Plate Sf).

SToMATA.-Abundant; triangular; 4-7 sto- Tristachya bequaertii De Wildeman matal band/intercostal zone, 1 or 2 rows/band (Plate 7b,c). PLATES9-10 INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-Rectangular; ends markedly concave; slightly sinuous. Papillae: ABAXIAL None seen (Plate 7c). STOMATA.-NOne seen. LONG CELLs.-Rectangular, long narrow, LONGCELLS.-LOIIg, narrow, width uniform; width uniform; slightly sinuous. Papillae: None markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: seen (Plate 7c). None seen (Plate 9b,c). NUMBER 62 5

PRICKLES.-Abundant; costal and intercostal Zonotriche inamoena (K. Schumann) prickles, intercostal hooks (Plate 9a,c,d). W.D. Clayton SHORTCELLs.-Costal solitary, paired, 3-5/ PLATES 11-12 row, >5/row; intercostal solitary, paired. Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal infrequent. ABAXIAL Cork Cells: Costal and intercostal common (Plate 9 b ,d ,e). SToMATA.-Infrequent to common; parallel SILICA BoDIEs.-costa~ dumbbell, ends to low-dome; 1 stomata1 band/intercostal zone, rounded or concave, middle short, narrow; in- 1 or sometimes 2 rows/band (Plate 1 lb,c). tercostal tall and narrow, elliptical (?), cross- INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Long, narrow, shaped (Plate 9d,e). width uniform; ends slightly concave; markedly MIcRoHAIRs.--~ommon to abundant; two- sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None celled; basal and apical equal in length, long; seen. Sometimes a short cell is interspersed be- apex tapered (Plate 9b,eJ). tween two interstomatal cells (Plate 1 Ib,c). M ACROHAIRS. -None seen. LONGCELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 1 lbf). PRIcKLEs.-Common; costal prickles and in- ADAXIAL tercostal hooks (Plate 1 Id). STOMATA.-Abundant; high-dome; 2-3 sto- SHORTCELLs.-Costal paired, 3-5/row, >5/ matal bands/intercostal zone, 1-2 rows/band. row; intercostal solitary, paired. Silica Cells: Cos- Subsidiary cells appear deflated perhaps because tal abundant; intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: of thin walls (Plate lob). Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent (Plate INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-Square to occasion- 1 kf). SILICA BoDIEs.-costal dumbbell, ends ally rectangular; ends straight to convex; nonsinuous (?) (Plate 1Ob,c). rounded to concave, middle narrow, long; inter- LONG CELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, costal saddle-shaped, cross-shaped (Plate 1 1 eJ). MICROHAIRS.-None seen. width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen. Intercostal zone is MACROHAIRS.-common; intercostal; basal cells markedly raised (Plate very narrow, swollen, and lacks cellular detail. 1 la). Papillate-type prickles occur in intercostal zone ADAXIAL (Plate 1 Oc,d). PRICKLES.-Abundant; costal prickles; inter- STOMATA.-~ommOn; low-dome; 2 (?) stoma- costal prickles, hooks, short macrohairs, and pap- tal bands/intercostal zone, 1 row/band. Stomata illate-type prickles (Plate lOa,d,f). are sunken in intercostal grooves (Plate 12a,b,c). SHORTCELLs.-costal paired, 3-5/row, >5/ INTERSTOMATALCELLS. -Rectangu lar , long, row; intercostal solitary (cork cells only). Silica narrow, width uniform; ends slightly concave; Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not seen. Cork slightly sinuous. Papillae: None seen (Plate 12c). Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent. LONGCELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; Cork cells occur adjacent to prickles (Plate 10d, slightly sinuous. Papillae: None seen (Plate 12c, e). f 1. SILICA BoDIEs.-costal dumbbell, ends PRICKLES.-Abundant; costal prickles; inter- straight to rounded or sometimes lobed, middle costal prickles and hooks (Plate 12dJ). short, narrow; intercostal not seen (Plate 10e). SHORTCELLS.-cOSta~ paired, 3-5/row, >5/ MICROHAIRS.-None seen. row; intercostal not seen. Silica Cells: Costal MACROHAIRS.-Infrequent; intercostal; short abundant; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal macrohairs. See Prickles (Plate 1 Of). JI abundant: intercostal not seen (Plate 12d.e).'I 6 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

SILICA BoDIEs.-costa~ dumbbell, ends band. Distribution is difficult to determine be- straight, middle narrow, long or short; intercos- cause stomata may be obscured in grooves (Plate tal not seen (Plate 12d,e). 14b). MICROHAIRS.-Abundant; two-celled; basal INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-square to penta- shorter, apical much longer; apex tapered. Apical gonal; ends straight to convex; nonsinuous. Pa- cells are usually deflated, basal cells sometimes pillae: l/cell, globose, uniform. There are 2 or deflated (Plate 12f). 3 interstomatal cells between stomata (Plate 146). MACROHAIRS.-common; intercostal; basal LONGCELLs.--Square to rectangular to long, cells markedly raised (Plate 12a). narrow, width uniform; nonsinuous. Papillae: 1/ cell, globose, uniform. Papillae are apparently Tribe ISACHNEAE thin-walled, usually deflated, and are sometimes located near one end of cell (Plate 14b,c). Coelachne africana Pilger PRrcKLm-Infrequent to common; intercostal prickles and short macrohairs. Prickles have PLATES 13-14 raised epidermal cells at base (Plate 14af). ABAXIAL SHORT CELLS.-Costal >5/rowr; intercostal not seen. Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal not STOMATA.-Infrequetlt to Common; IOW- seen. Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal not dome; 2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 row/ seen (Plate 14d). band (Plate 13a,b). SILICA BoDrEs.-costai acutely-angled; inter- INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-Square to rectan- costal not seen (Plate 14d). gular; ends straight to convex; nonsinuous. Pa- MICROHAIRS.-None seen. Microhairs are per- pillae: l /cell, globose, uniform. Papillae appear haps difficult to distinguish from papillae. thin-walled and are usually deflated. There are MACROHAIRS.-~ee Prickles. often 2 or 3 interstomatal cells between stomata (Plate 13b). Heteranthoecia guineensis (Franchet) Robyns LONGCELLs.-Square to rectangular to pentagonal; nonsinuous. Papillae: l/cell, globose, PLATES 15-16 uniform. Papillae are probably thin-walled and are usually deflated (Plate 13c,d). ABAXIAL PRrcKLEs.-Infrequent to abundant; intercos- STOMATA.-common; low-dome; 2 stomatal tal prickles and short macrohairs (Plate 13d). bands/intercostal zone, 2 or sometimes 1 row/ SHORTCELLS.-Costal>5/row; intercostal not band (Plate 15b,c). seen. Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal not INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-Square, pentagonal, seen. Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal not hexagonal; ends straight to convex; nonsinuous. seen (Plate 13e). Papillae: l/cell, globose, uniform. Papillae are SILICABODIES.-cOStal acutely-angled; inter- usually deflated and apparently thin-walled. costal not seen (Plate 13e). There are often 2 or more interstomatal cells MIcRoHA1Rs.-None seen. Microhairs are per- between stomata (Plate 15b). haps difficult to distinguish from papillae. LONG CELLs.-Square, rectangular, penta- MAcRom1Rs.-Infrequent to abundant; in- gonal, hexagonal; nonsinuous. Papillae: l/cell, tercostal; basal cells markedly raised or absent globose, uniform. Papillae are often deflated (short macrohairs). See Prickles (Plate 13f). (Plate 15b,c). ADAXIAL PRICKLEs.-common; intercostal prickles to short macrohairs. Prickles are surrounded by STOMATA.-IIlfrequent; low-dome; 2 stomata] raised basal cells (Plate 15af). bands/intercostal zone, 2 or sometimes 1 row/ SHORT CELLS.-Costal>5/row; intercostal not NUMBER 62 7 seen. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not band. Stomata1 bands adjacent to vein (Plate 17a, seen. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not 6). seen. Cork cells are papillate (Plate 15d,e). INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-Square; ends SILICABoDIEs.-costa~ acutely-angled; inter- slightly concave; nonsinuous. Papillae: l/cell, costal not seen (Plate 15d,e). globose, uniform. Papillae are apparently thin- MICROHAIRS.-NOne seen. Microhairs may be walled, often deflated (Plate 176). difficult to distinguish from papillae. LONGCELm-Square to rectangular; nonsin- MACROHAIRS.-cOmmOn; intercostal; basal uous. Papillae: 1 /cell, globose, uniform. Papillae cells markedly raised. See Prickles (Plate 15a). are apparently thin-walled, often deflated (Plate 17c). ADAXIAL PRIcKms.-Common; costal prickles (Plate 17c). SToMATA.-Infrequent to common; low- SHORTCELLs.-Costal 3-5/row, >5/row, in- dome; 2 stornatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 row/ tercostal not seen. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; band (Plate 16/14). intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Square to rectan- intercostal not seen. Some cork cells papillate gular; ends straight to convex; nonsinuous. Pa- (Plate 17c,d). pillae: l/cell, globose, uniform. Papillae are often SILICABODIES.-cOStal figure-eight; intercos- deflated and are sometimes located near one end tal not seen (Plate 17c,d). of the cell. There are sometimes 2 interstomatal MICROHAIRS.-common; two-celled; basal cells between stomata (Plate 16c). longer, apical shorter to basal and apical equal in LONG CELLs.-Square, rectangular, penta- length, medium; apex tapered. Microhairs often gonal or occasionally long, narrow, width uni- located on veins (Plate 17e). form; nonsinuous. Papillae: 1 /cell, globose, uni- MACROHAIRS.-Abundant; intercostal. Mac- form. Papillae are often deflated (Plate 166,~). rohairs are arranged in a row in the midintercos- PRIcKLEs.-Common; costal or sometimes in- tal region, clustered in groups of 3 or 4 per tercostal prickles and short macrohairs. Prickles group (Plate 17aJ). are surrounded by raised basal cells (Plate 16a, f ). SHORT CELLS.-Costal %/row; intercostal not ADAXIAL seen. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not SToMATA.-Infrequent; low-dome to trian- seen. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not gular; distribution indeterminable. Stomata are seen. Cork cells are papillate (Plate 16d,e). too infrequent (Plate 186). SILICABoDIEs.-costal acutely-angled; inter- INTERSTOMATAL CELLS-Square; ends costal not seen (Plate 16d,e). straight to convex; nonsinuous. Papillae: None b1ICROHAIRS.-NOne seen. Microhairs may be seen (Plate 186). difficult to distinguish from papillae. LONG CELLS.-Pentagonal, hexagonal; non- MACROHAIRS.--common; intercostal; basal sinuous. Papillae: None seen (Plate 18c). cells markedly raised. See Prickles (Plate 16f). PRIcKLEs.-Infrequent; costal short macrohairs (Plate 1 Sf). Isachne buettneri Hackel SHORTCELLS.-cOsta~ >5/row; intercostal not seen. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not PLATES 17-18 seen. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not ABAXIAL seen (Plate 18d). SILICABoDIEs.-costa~ figure-eight; intercos- STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome to triangu- tal not seen (Plate 18d). lar; 2 stornatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 row/ MICROHAIRS.-common; two-celled; basal 8 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY longer, apical shorter to basal and apical equal in INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-Square to rectan- length, medium; apex tapered (?), usually de- gular to pentagonal; ends straight to convex; flated (Plate 18e). markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: MACROHAIRS.-Infrequent; costal; basal cells 1/cell, globose, uniform. Papillae often deflated. markedly raised. Short macrohairs. See Prickles Often 2 interstomatal cells between stomata (Plate 18f). (Plate 20c). LONGCELLS.-Rectangular to pentagonal to Tribe PANICEAE hexagonal; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None or l/cell, globose, uni- Acritochaete volkensii Pilger form. Papillae often deflated and located near one end of cell (Plate 20c,d,e). PLATES 19-20 PRIcKLEs.-Infrequent; intercostal and mar- ABAXIAL ginal prickles (Plate 20b,e). SHORT CELLS.-COStal >5/row, paired on STOMATA.-Abundant; high-dome; 2 stornatal midvein and margins; intercostal not seen. Silica bands/intercostal zone, 1 or 2 rows/band (Plate Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not seen. Cork 19b,c). Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not seen. Cork INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Square; ends cells usually papillate (Plate 20c,d,e). straight to convex; nonsinuous. Papillae: l/cell, SILICA BODIES.-Costal nodular, dumbbell, globose, uniform. Papillae often deflated. Often ends concave, middle narrow, short, and cross- 2 interstomatal cells between stomata (Plate 19c). shaped on margins and midvein; intercostal not LONGCELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, seen (Plate 20c,d,e). width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, MICROHAIRS.-Infrequent; two-celled; basal raised. Papillae: None (on midvein) or l/cell, shorter, apical longer; apex rounded. Microhairs globose, uniform. Papillae often deflated and only seen in marginal areas (Plate 20f). located near one end of cell (Plate 19c,e). MACROHAIRS.-short macrohairs abundant; PRrcKLEs.-Infrequent; intercostal prickles intercostal; basal cells markedly raised (Plate (Plate 19f). 20a). SHORTCELLs.-Costal >5/row, paired, 3-5/ row (midvein only); intercostal not seen. Silica Acrocerus rizanioides (Kunth) Dandy Cells: Costal common; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal not seen. Cork PLATES2 1-22 cells usually papillate (Plate 19d,e). SILICA BODIEs.-costal nodular, dumbbell, ABAXIAL ends straight, middle wide, short; intercostal not STOMATA.-Abundant; parallel to low-dome; seen (Plate 19d,e). 1 or sometimes 2 stornatal bands/intercostal MICROHAIRS.-Infrequent; two-celled; basal zone, 1 or 2 rows/band (Plate 21b,c). shorter, apical longer; apex rounded (Plate 19e). INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-Square to rectan- MACROHAIRs.-~ommon; intercostal; basal gular; ends straight to convex or slightly concave; cells markedly raised (Plate 19aJ). markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: ADAXIAL None seen (Plate 2 1c,e). LONG CELLS.-Rectangular to long, narrow, STOMATA.-Abundant; high-dome; 2 stornatal width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, bands/intercostal zone, 1 or 2 rows/band (Plate raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 2 1a,c,e). 20 b, c). PRICKLES.-None seen. NUMBER 62 9

SHORT CELLS.-costal >5/row; intercostal interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate solitary, paired. Silica Cells: Costal and intercostal 2 3a,c). abundant. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercos- LONG CELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, tal common (Plate 21d,e). width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, SILICA BODIES.-costal dumbbell, ends raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 23c). straight, middle narrow, short; intercostal cross- PRICKLEs.-~ommon; intercostal prickles shaped, crenate-vertical (Plate 2 1 b,d,e). (Plate 23d). MICROHAIRS.-Abundant; two-celled; basal SHORT CELLS.-costal >5/row; intercostal shorter, apical longer; apex rounded (Plate 2 If). solitary (silica cell only), paired (sometimes paired MACROHAIRS.-~One seen. silica cells). Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; ADAXIAL intercostal infrequent (Plate 23d,e). SILICABoDIEs.-costal cross-shaped, dumb- SToMATA.-Infrequent to common; low- bell, ends concave, middle wide, short; intercos- dome to triangular; 2 stornatal bands/intercostal tal cross-shaped or nodular (Plate 23d,e). zone, 1 row/band (Plate 22b,c). MICROHAIRS.-hfrequent; two-celled; basal INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-Rectangular; ends shorter, apical longer; apex tapered (Plate 23e). slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, MACROHAIRS.-Abundant; intercostal; basal raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 22c). cells markedly raised (Plate 23af). LONG CELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, ADAXIAL raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 22a,c). STOMATA.-Abundant; high-dome or some- PRIcKLEs.-Infrequent; marginal prickles times triangular; 2 stornatal bands/intercostal (Plate 22e). SHORT CELLS.-Costal >5/row; intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 rows/band (Plate 24b). solitary; paired. Silica Cells: Costal common; in- INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-Rectangular; ends straight to slightly concave; nonsinuous. tercostal abundant. Cork Cells: Costal and inter- Papillae: costal common (Plate 22c,d). None seen (Plate 24b,c). SILICABODIES.-cOStal cross-shaped, dumb- Long Cells.-Rectangular to long, narrow, width uniform; nonsinuous. bell, ends straight, middle narrow, wide; inter- Papillae: None seen costal cross-shaped, crenate-vertical (Plate (Plate 24a,c). PRrcKLEs.-Infrequent to common; costal and 2 2c, d). intercostal hooks. Sometimes there is a single M1cRoHAIRs.-common, two-celled; basal cork cell adjacent to shorter, apical longer; apex rounded (Plate 22f). hook (Plate 24d,e). MACROHAIRS,-None seen. SHORT CELLS.-Costal >5/row (sometimes a row of adjacent silica cells); intercostal solitary (cork cell only). Silica Cells; Costal abundant; Alloteropsis angusta Stapf intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; PLATES23-24 intercostal common (Plate 24d,e). SILICABoDIEs.-costa~ cross-shaped, nodular, ABAXIAL dumbbell, ends concave, middle narrow, short; intercostal not seen (Plate 24d,e). STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome; 2 stornatal M1cRoHAIRs.-Infrequent; two-celled; basal bands/intercostal zone, 1 row/band (Plate 236,~). and apical equal in length, medium; apex tapered INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular; ends (Plate 24f). slightly to markedly concave; markedly sinuous, MACROHAIRS-None seen. 10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

Anthephora elongata De Wildeman SILICA BoDIEs.-Costal nodular, dumbbell, ends straight, middle wide, short and long, nar- PLATES25-26 row; intercostal not seen (Plate 26df). MICROHAIRS.-common; two-celled; basal ABAXIAL shorter, apical longer; apex tapered (Plate 26e). SToMATA.-Infrequent; low-dome to trian- MACROHAIRS.-Abundant; intercostal and gular; distribution indeterminable. Stomata are costal; basal cells markedly raised (Plate 26aJ). seen only near the margins (Plate 25b). LONGCELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, Axonopusflexuosus (Peter) Troupin width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, PLATES27-28 flat. Papillae: None seen (Plate 25b,c). PRIcKLEs.-Common; costal and intercostal ABAXIAL prickles (Plate 25c,d). SHORTCELLS.-Costal 3-5/row, >5/row; in- STOMATA.-Abundant; triangular; 4 stomata] tercostal not seen. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; bands/intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 rows/ intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; band (Plate 27b,c). intercostal not seen (Plate 25d). INTERSTOMATALCELLS.-Rectangular; ends SILICABoDIEs.-Costal cross-shaped, dumb- slightly to markedly concave; markedly sinuous, bell, ends straight, middle wide, short; intercostal interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen. Some- not seen (Plate 25d). times 2 interstomatal cells between stomata (Plate MICROHAIRS,-Common; two-celled; basal 2 7 c, e). and apical equal in length, medium; apex tapered LONG CELLS.-Rectangular; markedly sin- (Plate 25e). uous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen MACROHAIRS,-Abundant; intercostal; basal (Plate 27~~). cells markedly raised (Plate 25af). PRIcKLEs.-Common; intercostal prickles and hooks (Plate 27e). ADAXIAL SHORTCELLs.-Costal paired, >!)/row; intercostal not seen. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; STOMATA.-COmmOn; low-dome; 2 (?) Stoma- intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; tal bands/intercostal zone, 1 row/band. Distri- intercostal not seen (Plate 27d,e). bution is hard to determine because of a large SILICABoDIEs.-Costal cross-shaped, dumb- number of hairs and folded cells. Costal areas are bell, ends concave, middle wide, short; intercos- indistinct (Plate 26b,c). tal not seen (Plate 27d,e). INTERSTOMATALCELm-Square to rectan- MICROHAIRS.-Common; two-celled; basal gular; ends straight to convex (?); nonsinuous (?). shorter, apical longer; apex rounded (Plate 27f). Papillae: None seen. Sometimes there are 2 in- MACROHAIRS.-None seen. terstomatal cells between stomata (Plate 26b,c). LONG CELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, ADAXIAL width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 26c,e). STOMATA.-Abundant; triangular; 3 to 4 sto- PRICKLES.-Abundant; costal and intercostal matal bands/intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 prickles (Plate 26cf). rows/band (Plate 28b,c). SHORTCELLs.-Costal solitary, 3-5/row; in- INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-Rectangular; ends tercostal not seen. Silica Cells: Costal infrequent; slightly to markedly concave; markedly sinuous, intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal infre- interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate quent; intercostal not seen (Plate 26df). 28c). NUMBER 62 11

LONG CELLs.-Rectangular; markedly sin- shorter, apical longer to basal and apical equal in uous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen length, long; apex tapered(?)(Plate 29e). (Plate 28a,c). MACROHAIRS-Infrequent; intercostal; basal PRIcKLEs.-Common; marginal prickles, in- cells slightly raised (Plate 29f). tercostal prickles and hooks (Plate 28e). SHORTCELLS.-Costa~ >?)/row; intercostal not ADAXIAL seen. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal not STOMATA.-COmmOn; low-dome; 2 Stomata] seen (Plate 28d). bands/intercostal zone, 1 row/band (Plate SILICABoDIEs.-costal cross-shaped, dumb- 3 Oa,b). bell, ends concave, middle wide, short; intercos- INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-Rectangular to tal not seen (Plate 28d). long, narrow, width uniform; ends slightly con- M1cRoHAIRs.-Common; two-celled; basal cave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Pa- shorter, apical longer; apex rounded (Plate 28f). pillae: None seen. Sometimes 2 interstomatal M ACROHAIRS.-N one seen. cells or 2 interstomatal cells and a short cell between stomata (Plate 30c,d). LONG CELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, Brachiaria brizantha (A. Richard) Stapf width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 30c). PLATES29-30 PRIcKLEs.-Common; intercostal hooks, marginal prickles and short macrohairs (Plate 30b). ABAXIAL SHORT CELLs.-Costal >5/row; intercostal STOMATA.-cOmmOn; low-dome; 2 stomata] solitary, paired. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; in- bands/intercostal zone, 1 row/band (Plate tercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; 29a,b). intercostal infrequent (Plate 30c,d). INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular to SILICABoDIEs.-Costa~ cross-shaped, dumb- long, narrow, width uniform; ends slightly or bell, ends rounded, middle wide, short or rarely sometimes markedly concave; markedly sinuous, nodular; intercostal cross-shaped (Plate 30c,d). interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen. Some- MICROHAIRS.-Common; two-celled; basal times 2 interstomatal cells or 2 interstomatal cells shorter, apical longer; apex tapered(?) (Plate and a short cell between stomata (Plate 29c,d). 30e). LONGCELLS.-Rectangular to long, narrow, MACROHAIRS.-Infrequent; intercostal; basal width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, cells slightly raised (Plate 30f). raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 29c,e). PRIcKLEs.-Common; intercostal hooks, marginal prickles and short macrohairs (Plate 29d,e). Cenchrus ciliaris Linnaeus SHORT CELLS.-Costal >5/row; intercostal PLATES31-32 solitary (silica cells only), paired. Silica Cells: Cos- tal abundant; intercostal common, abundant ABAXIAL near margins. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent, abundant near margins (Plate STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome; 1 stomata] 29d,e). band/intercostal zone, 1 row/band (Plate 3 1b,c). SILICABoDIEs.-Costal dumbbell, ends con- INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-Rectangular to cave, middle wide, short or rarely nodular; inter- long, narrow, width uniform; ends slightly con- costal cross-shaped (Plate 29d,e). cave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Pa- MICROHAIRS.-Common; two-celled; basal pillae: None seen (Plate 31b,c). 12 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

LONGCELLS.-Rectangular to long, narrow, Chaetopoa taylori C.E. Hubbard width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, PLATES33-34 raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 31a,c). PRrcKLEs.-Common; costal and intercostal prickles (Plate 3 1 d). ABAXIAL SHORTCELLs.-CostaI paired, 3-5/row, >5/ STOMATA.-Abundant; triangular to high- row; intercostal solitary (silica cells only), paired. dome; 2 or sometimes 3 stomatal bands/intercos- Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal com- tal zone, 1 row/band. Shape of subsidiary cell mon. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal hard to determine because of collapsed cells common (Plate 3 1d,e). (Plate 336,~). SILICA BoDIEs.-costal dumbbell, ends INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-Rectangular to rounded, middle narrow, short; intercostal cren- long, narrow, width uniform; ends slightly con- ate-vertical, cross-shaped (Plate 3 1d,e). cave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Pa- MICROHAIRS.-Abundant; two-celled; basal pillae: None seen (Plate 33c). shorter, apical longer; apex tapered (Plate 3 If). LONGCELLS.-Rectangular to long, narrow, M ACR~HAIRS.- None seen. width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 33a,c). PRrcKLEs.-Common; costal prickles and ADAXIAL short macrohairs (Plate 33d,e). SToMATA.-~ommon; low-dome to triangu- SHORTCELLs.-Costal paired, 3-5/row, >5/ lar; 2 or sometimes 3 stomatal bands/intercostal row; intercostal solitary, paired (marginal areas zone, 1 row/band (Plate 326,~). only). Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-Rectangular to infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal common; intercos- long, narrow, width uniform; ends slightly con- tal infrequent (Plate 33d,e). cave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Pa- SILICA BoDIEs.-costa~ cross-shaped (mar- pillae: None seen. Sometimes 2 interstomatal ginal areas only), dumbbell, ends concave, mid- cells or 2 interstomatal cells and a short cell dle narrow, long and wide, short; intercostal not between stomata (Plate 32a,c). seen (Plate 33d,e). LONGCELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, MICROHAIRS.-Abundant; two-celled; basal width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, shorter, apical longer; apex tapered (Plate 33f). raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 32c). MACROHAIRS.-Abundant; intercostal; basal PRIcKLEs.-Common; costal prickles; inter- cells markedly raised (Plate 33e). costal hooks (Plate 32c,d,e). SHORTCELLS.-cOStal 3-5/row, >5/row; in- ADAXIAL tercostal solitary (silica cells only), paired. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal common. Cork SToMATA.-Infrequent; high-dome; distribu- Cells: Costal abundant: intercostal common tion indeterminable. Stomata occur in marginal (Plate 32d,e). area only (Plate 346). SILICA BoDrEs.-costal dumbbell, ends LONGCELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, rounded, middle narrow, short; intercostal cross- width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, shaped, crenate-vertical (Plate 32d,e). raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 34b,c). M1cRoHAIRs.-Abundant; two-celled; basal PRrcKLEs.-Common; costal prickles and shorter, apical longer; apex tapered (Plate 32d). short macrohairs, intercostal hooks (Plate 34e). MACROHAIRS.-common; intercostal; basal SHORTCELLs.-Costal solitary, paired, 3-5/ cells markedly raised (Plate 32f). row; intercostal solitary (silica cells only). Silica NUMBER 62 13

Cells: Costal and intercostal infrequent. Cork cells markedly raised. There are two sizes of Cells: Costal infrequent; intercostal not seen macrohairs present (Plate 35a,e). (Plate 34 c,d). SILICABoDIEs.-costa~ dumbbell, ends con- ADAXIAL cave, middle wide, short to rarely nodular; intercostal cross-shaped (Plate 34d). STOMATA.-cOmmOn; low-dome, high-dome MICROHAIRS.-Abundant; two-celled; basal (margins only); 2 stomatal bands/intercostal shorter, apical longer; apex tapered (Plate 34f). zone, 1 or sometimes 2 rows/band (Plate 36b). MACROHAIRS.-Abundant; intercostal; basal INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular to cells slightly or markedly raised. Two sizes of long, narrow, width uniform; ends markedly con- macrohairs are present; the smaller ones have cave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Pa- slightly raised basal cells (Plate 34a,e). pillae: None seen. Sometimes more than one interstomatal cell between stomata (Plate 36a,b). LONG CELLs.-Square, rectangular, penta- Chloachne oplismenoides (Hackel) Robyns gonal, hexagonal, long, narrow, width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: PLATES35-36 None seen (Plate 36a,d). PRIcKLEs.-Infrequent to common; costal and ABAXIAL intercostal prickles (Plate 36a-c). SHORTCELLS.-cOStal paired, 3-5/row, >5/ SToMATA.-Common; parallel to low-dome; 2 row; intercostal solitary (silica cells only), paired. stomata1 bands/intercostal zone, 1 row/band Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal infre- (Plate 35b,c). quent. Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-Square to rectan- infrequent (Plate 36c,d). gular; ends straight to convex; markedly sinuous, SILICA BoDIEs.-costal nodular, dumbbell, interlocking, raised (?). Papillae: None seen (Plate ends straight to concave, middle narrow, short; 35d). intercostal crenate-vertical, cross-shaped (Plate LONG CELLs.-Square, rectangular, some- 3 6 c, d). times pentagonal; slightly sinuous. Papillae: MICROHAIRS.-~ommon; two-celled; basal None seen (Plate 35a,c). shorter, apical longer; apex rounded (Plate 36e). PRIcKLEs.-Infrequent; prickles on midvein MACROHAIRS.-common; intercostal; basal and margins only, intercostal short macrohairs cells markedly raised (Plate 36f). (Plate 35a,e). SHORT CELLS.-Costal >5/row, 3-5/row (midvein only), paired (midvein only), solitary Chlorocalymma cyptacanthum W.D. Clayton (midvein, cork cells only); intercostal solitary (sil- PLATES37-38 ica cells only). Silica Cells: Costal and intercostal common. Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal ABAXIAL not seen (Plate 35d,e). SILICA BoDIEs.-costa~ nodular, dumbbell, STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome to triangu- ends rounded or concave, middle narrow, short; lar to high-dome; 2 or sometimes 4 stomatal intercostal cross-shaped, crenate-vertical (Plate bands/intercostal zone, 1 row/band (Plate 37b,c). 35d). INTERSTOMATALCELLS.-Rectangular; ends MIcRoHAIRs.-~ommon; two-celled; basal slightly concave; slightly sinuous. Papillae: None shorter, apical longer; apex rounded (Plate 35f). seen (Plate 37b,c) MACROHAIRS.-Abundant; intercostal; basal LONG CELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, 14 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

width uniform; slightly sinuous. Papillae: None Cyrtococcum multinode (Lamarck) seen (Plate 37a,c). W.D. Clayton PRICKLES.-Abundant; costal and intercostal PLATES39-40 prickles (Plate 37a,c). SHORT CELLS.-coSta~>5/row; intercostal not seen. Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal not ABAXIAL seen. Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal not SToMATA.-~ommon; low-dome to triangular seen (Plate 37d). to high-dome; 2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, SILICABODIEs.-Costal cross-shaped, dumb- 1 row/band (Plate 39b). bell, ends rounded, middle wide, short; intercos- INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Square to rectan- tal not seen (Plate 37d). gular; ends straight to convex; nonsinuous. Pa- MICROHAIRS.-cOmmOn; two-celled; basal pillae: l/cell; globose (?); uniform. Papillae are shorter, apical longer; apex rounded (Plate 37e). usually deflated. Sometimes there are 2 intersto- MACROHAIRS.-common; intercostal; basal matal cells between stomata (Plate 39b). cells markedly raised (Plate 37f). LONG CELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, width uniform; nonsinuous. Papillae: l/cell; globose (?); uniform. Papillae are often deflated. ADAXIAL Outline of cell is difficult to determine because of collapsed cells (Plate 394~). STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome to high- PRIcKLEs.-Infrequent; costal prickles; inter- dome; 6, 8, or 10 stomatal bands/intercostal costal hooks (Plate 39a,c). zone, 1 row/band (Plate 38a,b). SHORTCELLS.-Costal 3-5/row, >5/row; in- INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-Square to rectan- tercostal not seen. Silica Cells: Costal common; gular to long, narrow, width uniform; ends intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal common; slightly concave; slightly sinuous. Papillae: None intercostal not seen. Cork cells are sometimes seen. Sometimes 2 interstomatal cells or 2 inter- papillate (Plate 39d). stomatal cells and a prickle between stomata SILICA BODIES.-cOstal square, elongated- (Plate 386,~). smooth; intercostal not seen. Silica bodies are LONG CELLS.-Rectangular to long, narrow, sometimes lobed on the end (Plate 396,d). width uniform; slightly sinuous. Papillae: None MICROHAIRS.-~ommon; two-celled; basal seen (Plate 38b,d). shorter, apical longer; apex rounded. Sometimes PRIcKLEs.-Common; costal and intercostal the apical cell has a swollen papillate tip (Plate prickles (Plate 38a,c). 39e). SHORTCELLs.-Costal paired, 3-5/row, >5/ MAcRoHAIRs.-Common; intercostal; basal row; intercostal solitary. Silica Cells: Costal com- cells markedly raised. There are two sizes of mon; intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal macrohairs present (Plate 39c,f). common; intercostal infrequent. Intercostal cork cell sometimes adjacent to a prickle (Plate 38c,d). ADAXIAL SILICABoDIEs.-costal cross-shaped; intercostal cross-shaped to dumbbell, ends concave, mid- STOMATA.-Infrequent; low-dome; distribu- dle wide, short (Plate 38c,d). tion indeterminable because only a few stomata MICROHAIRS.-common; two-celled; basal seen near the margins and on the midvein (Plate shorter, apical longer; apex rounded (Plate 38e). 406,~). MACROHAIRS.-common; intercostal; basal INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-Long, narrow, cells slightly to markedly raised (Plate 38f). width uniform; ends straight to convex; mark- NUMBER 62 15 edly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None intercostal cross-shaped, dumbbell, ends seen (Plate 406,~). rounded, middle wide, short (Plate 4 1d,e). LONGCELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, MICROHAIRS.-common; two-celled; basal width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, shorter, apical longer; apex tapered (Plate 4 If). raised. Papillae: None or l/cell, globose, uniform MACROHAIRS.-None seen. (Plate 40a,c). PRrcKLEs.-Common; costal prickles; inter- ADAXIAL costal hooks and short macrohairs (Plate 40a,d). SHORTCELLs.-Costal solitary, paired, 3-5/ STOMATA.-common; low-dome to high- row, >?)/row, intercostal not seen. Silica Cells: dome; 1 or 2 stomata1 bands/intercostal zone; 1 Costal infrequent; intercostal not seen. Cork row/band (Plate 426,~). Cells: Costal infrequent; intercostal not seen INTERSTOMATALC~~Ls.-Rectangular to (Plate 40d). long, narrow, width uniform to nonuniform; SILICABODIES.-COStal elongated-smooth; in- ends slightly concave; markedly sinuous, inter- tercostal not seen (Plate 40d). locking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 42b,c). MICROHAIRS.-common; two-celled; basal LONG CELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, shorter, apical longer; apex rounded (Plate 40e). width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, MAcRoHAms.-Common; intercostal; basal raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 42a,c). cells markedly raised (Plate 40f). PRICKLES.-Common; costal prickles; infrequent intercostal hooks (Plate 42df). SHORTCELLs.-Costal 3-5/row, >5/row; in- Digitaria diagonalis (Nees) Stapf tercostal solitary (silica cells only). Silica Cells: var. uniglumis (A. Richard) Pilger Costal common; intercostal infrequent. Cork PLATES4 1-42 Cells: Costal common; intercostal not seen (Plate 42d,e). ABAXIAL SILICA BoDIEs.-Costa~ nodular, dumbbell, ends concave, middle wide, short; intercostal STOMATA.-COmmOn; triangular; 1 or 2 sto- dumbbell, ends concave, middle wide, short. rnatal bands/intercostal zone; 1 row/band (Plate Sometimes silica bodies are adjacent (Plate 4 1 a,b). 42d,e). INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-Long, narrow, MICROHAIRS.-common to abundant; two- width uniform; ends slightly to markedly con- celled; basal and apical equal in length, medium; cave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Pa- apex rounded or basal shorter, apical slightly pillae: None seen (Plate 4 l a,b). longer; apex tapered (Plate 42f). LONGCELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; MAcRoHAIRs.--1\Jone seen. markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: Kone seen (Plate 4 16,c). PRrcKLEs.-Infrequent; prickles only seen Eccoptocarpha obconiciventris Launert near margin (Plate 41c). PLATES43-44 SHORT CELLS.-COS~~~>!)/row; intercostal solitary (silica cells only), paired. Silica Cells: Cos- ABAXIAL tal abundant; intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent (Plate STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome; 1 or 2 sto- 4 1 d,e). matal bands/intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 SILICA BoDIEs.-costal dumbbell, ends rows/band 0). Intercostal zones difficult to de- rounded, middle wide, short, to cross-shaped; termine (Plate 436,~). 16 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular to Echinochloa haploclada (Stapf) Stapf long, narrow, width uniform; ends slightly con- PLATES45-46 cave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Pa- pillae: None seen (Plate 43c)d). ABAXIAL LONGCELLS.-Rectangular to long, narrow, width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome or some- raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 43a,d). times triangular; 2 stomatal bands/intercostal PRICKLES.-None seen. zone, 1 or sometimes 2 rows/band (Plate 45a,b). SHORTCELLS.-costal and intercostal solitary, INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-Square, rectangu- paired. Silica Cells: Costal and intercostal abun- lar; ends straight to convex to slightly concave; dant. Cork Cells: Costal and intercostal infrequent markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised (?). Pa- (Plate 43d,e). pillae: l /cell, globose, uniform. Sometimes there SILICABODIEs.-costal cross-shaped to dumb- are 2 or 3 interstomatals between stomata (Plate bell, ends concave, middle wide, short; intercos- 45cf ). tal cross-shaped, crenate-vertical (Plate 43d,e). LONG CELLS.-Rectangular, long, narrow, MICROHAIRS.-Abundant; two-celled; basal width nonuniform (slightly wider in middle). Pa- shorter, apical longer; apex tapered (Plate 43f). pillae: I/cell, globose, uniform (Plate 45c,d). M ACROHAIRS. -None seen. PRIcKLEs.-Infrequent; costal prickles on midvein and veins near margin, rarely intercostal short macrohairs (Plate 454. ADAXIAL SHORT CELLS.-costaI >5/row; intercostal solitary (silica cells only). Silica Cells: Costal com- STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome; 2 or 3 sto- mon; intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal matal bands/intercostal zone, 1 row/band (Plate common; intercostal not seen. Cork cells are 44a, b). papillate (Plate 45d). INTERSTOMATALCELLS.-Rectangular to SILICA BODIES.-costal dumbbell, ends long, narrow, width uniform; ends slightly to straight or slightly lobed, middle wide, short or tnarkedly concave; markedly sinuous, interlock- sometimes nodular; intercostal cross-shaped ing, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 44b)c). (Plate 45d). LONGCELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; MICROHAIRS.-Infrequent; two-celled; basal markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: slightly longer, apical slightly shorter; apex None seen (Plate 444~). rounded (?) (Plate 45e). PRICKLES.-None seen. MACROHAIRS.-Infrequent; intercostal; basal SHORTCELLs.-Costal solitary, 3-5/row, >5/ cells slightly raised. Short macrohairs. See Prick- row; intercostal solitary (silica cells only), paired. les (Plate 45f). Silica Cells: Costal and intercostal common. Cork Cells: Costal common, intercostal infrequent ADAXIAL (Plate 44c,d). SILICABoDIEs.-costal cross-shaped, dumb- STOMATA.-cOmmOIl; low-dome; 2 stomatal bell, ends concave, middle narrow, short; inter- bands/intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 rows/ costal crenate-vertical, cross-shaped (Plate band (Plate 46b,c). 44c, d ) . INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-Square, rectangu- MIcRoHAIRs.-~ommon; two-celled; basal lar; ends straight to convex; markedly sinuous, shorter, apical longer; apex tapered (Plate 44e). interlocking, raised 0).Papillae: l/cell, globose, MACROHAIRS.-cOmmOn; intercostal; basal uniform. Sometimes there are 2 or more inter- cells markedly raised (Plate 44f). stomatals between stomata (Plate 46c). NUMBER 62 17

LONG CELLs.-Rectangular, long, narrow, infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercos- width nonuniform (middle slightly wider) or tal infrequent to common (Plate 47c,d). sometimes square; markedly sinuous, interlock- SILICA BoDIEs.-costal dumbbell, ends ing, raised (?). Papillae: l/cell, globose, uniform straight or lobed, middle wide, short; intercostal (Plate 46c,d). cross-shaped (Plate 47d). PrucKLEs.-Infrequent; mainly on margin but MICROHAIRS.-Infrequent; two-celled; basal rarely costal and intercostal prickles (Plate 46a). shorter, apical slightly longer; apex tapered SHORT CELLS.-Costal >?)/row; intercostal (Plate 47e). paired. Silica Cells: Costal common to abundant; MACROHAIRS.-common to abundant; inter- intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal common costal; basal cells markedly raised (Plate 47f). to abundant; intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells are papillate (Plate 46d,e). ADAXIAL SILICA BoDIEs.-costa~ dumbbell, ends SToMATA.-Common; low-dome to triangu- rounded, straight or lobed, middle wide, short lar; 2 stornatal bands/intercostal zone, 2 or some- (Plate 46d,e). times 4 rows/band (Plate 48a,b). MICROHAIRS.-common; two-celled; basal INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-Rectangular to slightly longer, apical slightly shorter; apex long, narrow, width uniform; ends slightly con- rounded (?). Apical cell is usually deflated (Plate cave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Pa- 46f ), pillae: None seen (Plate 48a). MAcRoHAIRs.-Common to abundant; inter- LONGCELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; costal; basal cells slightly to markedly raised. markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: There is a large number of raised cells (Plate None seen (Plate 48d). 46a). PRIcKLEs.-Common; intercostal prickles (Plate 48c). SHORT CELLs.-Costal >5/row; intercostal Entolasia imbricata Stapf paired. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal PLATES47-48 common. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal common (Plate 48c,d). ABAXIAL SILICA BoDIEs.-Costal dumbbell, ends straight or lobed, middle wide, long or short; STOMATA.-common to abundant; low-dome intercostal cross-shaped, dumbbell, ends straight to triangular; 2 stornatal bands/intercostal zone, or lobed, middle wide, short (Plate 48c,d). 2 or sometimes 1 row/band (Plate 47a,b). M1cRoHAIRs.-Abundant; two-celled; basal INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular to shorter, apical longer; apex tapered (Plate 48e). long, narrow, width uniform; ends slightly to MACROHAIRS.-common; costal and intercos- markedly concave; markedly sinuous, interlock- tal; basal cells markedly raised (Plate 48f). ing, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 47c). LONGCELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; Eriochloa meyerana (Nees) Pilger markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 47c,d). PLATES49-50 PRIcKLEs.-Infrequent to common; intercos- ABAXIAL tal prickles. Prickles are often obscured in intercostal groove (Plate 47c). STOMATA.-common to abundant; low-dome SHORT CELLS.-Costal >5/row; intercostal to triangular; 2 stornatal bands/intercostal zone, solitary. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal 1 row/band (Plate 49a,b). 18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

INTERSTOMATALCELLS.-Rectangular to ends lobed or sometimes straight, middle wide, long, narrow, width uniform; ends straight to long or short; intercostal cross-shaped (Plate convex or slightly concave; markedly sinuous, 5 0 d, e). interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen. Some- MIcRoHAIRs.-~ommon; two-celled; basal times there are 2 interstomatal cells and a cork longer, apical shorter; apex tapered (?). Apical cell between stomata (Plate 49a,b). cell is usually deflated (Plate 50f). LONGCELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; MACROHAIRS-None seen. markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 496,e). Holcolemma inaequale W.D. Clayton PRIcKLEs.-Infrequent to common; intercostal hooks and sometimes prickles (Plate 49e). PLATES51-52 SHORT CELLS.-Costal %/row; intercostal ABAXIAL solitary (cork cells only), paired. Silica Cells: Cos- tal and intercostal common. Cork Cells: Costal STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome to triangu- common; intercostal abundant (Plate 49b,d,e). lar; 2 or 3 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 SILICA BoDIEs.-Costal nodular, dumbbell, row/band (Plate 51a,b). ends straight or lobed, middle wide, short or INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-Rectangular, long, long; intercostal cross-shaped to square (Plate narrow, width uniform; ends slightly concave; 49b,d). markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: MIcRoHAIRs.-Common; two-celled; basal None seen (Plate 51b). longer, apical shorter; apex tapered (Plate 49f). LONG CELLS.-Rectangular, long, narrow, MACROHAIRS.-NOne seen. width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 5 16). PRIcKLEs.-Infrequent; marginal, costal and ADAXIAL intercostal prickles (Plate 5 Ic). SHORTCELLs.-Costal 3-5/row, >5/row; in- STOMATA.-common to abundant; low-dome tercostal solitary. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; to triangular; 2 or sometimes 3 or 4 stomatal intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal abun- bands/intercostal zone, 1 row/band. Subsidiary dant; intercostal infrequent (Plate 5 Id,f). cells are often collapsed (Plate 50a,b). SILICA BoDIEs.-costa~ dumbbell, ends INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular to straight, middle narrow and short or wide and long, narrow, width uniform; ends straight to short; intercostal cross-shaped. Silica cells are convex; nonsinuous (may be an artifact of col- sometimes adjacent to each other (Plate 51dj). lapsed cells). Papillae: None seen. Sometimes MICROHAIRS.-Abundant; two-celled; basal there are 2 interstomatal cells and a cork cell (or shorter, apical longer; apex tapered (Plate 5 le). prickle) between the stomata (Plate 50c). MACROHAIRS.-common; intercostal; basal LONGCELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform cells markedly raised (Plate 5 If). (?), nonsinuous (?). Papillae: None seen. It is very difficult to determine shape and outline because ADAXIAL of collapsed cells (Plate 50a,d). PRIcKLEs.-Common; intercostal prickles and STOMATA.-common; low-dome to high- hooks (Plate 50c). dome; 2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 or 2 SHORT CELLS.-Costal >5/row; intercostal rows/band (Plate 52a,b). solitary (silica cells only). Silica Cells: Costal com- INTERSTOMATALCELLS.-Rectangular, long, mon; intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal narrow, width uniform or nonuniform (wider in common; intercostal not seen (Plate 50d,e). middle); ends straight to convex; nonsinuous. SILICABoDIEs.-Costal nodular or dumbbell, Papillae: None seen (Plate 52c). NUMBER 62 19

LONG CELLs.-Pentagonal, long, narrow, rounded to straight, middle wide, short; inter- width nonuniform (wider in middle); nonsin- costal not seen (Plate 53c,d). uous. Papillae: None seen (Plate 52a,e). MIcRoHAIRs.-Abundant; two-celled; basal PRIcKLEs.-Infrequent to common; costal and and apical equal in length, medium; apex intercostal prickles (Plate 52a). rounded (Plate 53e). SHORTCELLs.-Costal paired, 3-5/row, >5/ MACROHAIRS-Infrequent; intercostal; basal row; intercostal solitary (silica cells only). Silica cells markedly raised (Plate 53f). Cells: Costal common; intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal not seen ADAXIAL (Plate 52a,d). SILICA BoDIEs.-costal dumbbell, ends SToMATA.-Common; low-dome to triangu- straight or lobed, middle wide and short or some- lar; 2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 row/ times nodular; intercostal cross-shaped. Some- band (Plate 54b,c). times silica cells are adjacent to each other (Plate INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Long, narrow, 52a,d). width uniform to sometimes rectangular; ends MIcRoHA1Rs.-common; two-celled; basal slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, shorter, apical longer; apex tapered. Microhairs raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 54b,d). are often on the costal regions (Plate 52d,e). LONG CELLS.-Rectangular to long, narrow, MACROHAIRS.-common; intercostal; basal width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, cells slightly or markedly raised (Plate 52f). raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 54a,c). PRICKLES.-Abundant; costal prickles and intercostal hooks (Plate 54c). Hylebates chlorochloe (K. Schumann) Napper SHORTCELLs.-Costal paired, 3-5/row, >5/ PLATES 53-54 row; intercostal solitary. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal ABAXIAL abundant; intercostal infrequent. Sometimes there are >5 adjacent silica cells in a row, not SToMATA.-Abundant; low-dome or some- separated by cork cells (Plate 54d,e). times triangular; 2 stomatal bands/intercostal SILICA BoDIEs.-Costal dumbbell, ends zone, 1 or 2 rows/band (Plate 53b,c). straight, middle wide, short; intercostal cross- INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Square to rectan- shaped (Plate 54d). gular; ends slightly concave; slightly sinuous or MICROHAIRS.-Abundant; two-celled; basal indeterminable in most cases. Papillae: None and apical equal in length, medium, or basal seen (Plate 53c). longer, apical shorter; apex rounded (Plate 54b). LONGCELLS.-square, rectangular, long, nar- MACROHAIRS.-Infrequent; intercostal; basal row, width uniform; slightly sinuous (best seen cells markedly raised (Plate 54f). near the margin) to markedly sinuous (on costal areas), interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 53a,d). Melinis ambigua Hackel PRIcKLEs.-~ommon; intercostal and marginal prickles; intercostal hooks (Plate 53a,e). PLATES55-56 SHORTCELLS.-cOStaI solitary (cork cells only ABAXIAL and only on midvein), 3-5/row, >5/row; intercostal not seen. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; STOMATA.-Common; low-dome to triangu- intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; lar; 2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 row/ intercostal not seen (Plate 53c,d). band. Interstomatal zones are very narrow and SILICA BoDIEs.-Costal dumbbell, ends somewhat grooved (Plate 55a,b). 20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular to Odontelytrum abyssinicum Hackel long, narrow, width uniform; ends markedly con- PLATES57-58 cave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Pa- pillae: None seen (Plate 55b,e). ABAXIAL LONGCELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome to triangu- None seen (Plate 55b,d). lar; 2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 or some- PRICKLES.-Abundant; intercostal prickles times 2 rows/band. Costal zones are difficult to and hooks (Plate 554. detect (Plate 57a,b). SHORTCELLS.-cOstal >5/row7;intercostal not INTERSTOMATALCELLS.-Rectangular or seen. Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal not sometimes square, long, narrow, width uniform; seen. Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal not ends straight to convex; markedly sinuous, inter- seen (Plate 55d). locking, raised. Papillae: 1, 2, 3 or more/cell, SILICA BoDIEs.-costal dumbbell, ends single row or irregular, globose to elongate, var- rounded, middle wide, short; intercostal not seen iable. Sometimes there seem to be 2 interstoma- (Plate 55d). tal cells between stomata (Plate 57b,c). MrcRoHAIRs.-~ommon; two-celled; basal LONGCELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; and apical equal in length, long or basal shorter, markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: apical slightly longer; apex rounded (Plate 55e). 3 or more/cell, single row, globose to elongate, MACROHAIRS.-Abundant; intercostal; basal variable (Plate 57a,c). cells markedly raised. Two sizes of macrohairs PRIcKLEs.--ru’one seen. are present (Plate 55af). SHORT CmLs.--Costal solitary, paired, >5/ row; intercostal solitary, paired. Silica Cells: Cos- ADAXIAL tal common; intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal infrequent. Costal STOMATA.-Abundant; triangular; 8- 1O(?) cork cells are papillate (Plate 57b,d,e). stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes SILICABoDIEs.-Costal cross-shaped, nodular, 2 rows/band. Costal zone is difficult to detect dumbbell, ends concave, middle wide, short; in- (Plate 56b,d). tercostal crenate-vertical (Plate 57b,d,e). INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-Rectangular or MICROHAIRS.-Infrequent; two-celled; basal sometimes long, narrow, width uniform; slightly and apical equal in length, medium to basal or sometimes markedly concave; slightly sinuous. shorter, apical longer; apex rounded (Plate 57f). Papillae: None seen (Plate 56c). MACROHAIRS.-None seen. LONGCELLS.-Rectangular to long, narrow, width uniform; slightly sinuous. Papillae: None ADAXIAL seen (Plate 56d). PRrcKLEs.-Infrequent; costal prickles (Plate SToMATA.-~ommon to abundant; low-dome 56e). to triangular; 2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, SHORT CELLS.-costal >?)/row; intercostal not 1-2 rows/band. Costal zones are difficult to de- seen. Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal not tect (Plate 58a,b). seen. Cork Cells: Costal infrequent; intercostal INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-Square to rectan- not seen (Plate 56f). gular; ends markedly concave; markedly sinuous, SILICA BoDIEs.-costal nodular; intercostal interlocking, raised. Papillae: 1, 2, 3 or more/ not seen (Plate 56f). cell, single row, elongate or globose, variable MICROHAIRS.-None seen. (Plate 58b). MACROHAIRS.-None seen. LONG CELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, NUMBER 62 21 width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, shorter, apical longer; apex rounded (Plate 59e). raised. Papillae: 1, 2, 3 or more/cell, single row, MACROHAIRS.-Abundant; intercostal; basal globose or elongate, variable (Plate 58c). cells markedly raised. Two sizes of macrohairs PRIcKLEs.-Infrequent; prickles costal to in- present (Plate 59af). tercostal. Large, straight prickles without swollen bases are more or less on sides of veins (Plate ADAXIAL 58c). SHORTCELLs.-Costal solitary, paired; inter- SToMATA.-Infrequent; low-dome; distribu- costal solitary, paired. Silica Cells: Costal and tion indeterminable because stomata are too in- intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal and infrequent (Plate 60b). tercostal infrequent (Plate 58d,e). INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-Indeterminable be- SILICABoDIEs.-costal cross-shaped, dumb- cause stomata are too infrequent. bell, ends concave, middle wide, short; intercos- LONG CELLS.-Rectangular to long, narrow, tal crenate-vertical (Plate 58d,e). width uniform; slightly sinuous to markedly sin- MICROHAIRS.-Infrequent; two-celled; basal uous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None or 3 or and apical equal in length, medium to basal more/cell, irregular, globose. Papillae only on shorter, apical longer; apex rounded (Plate 58f). long cells adjacent to veins. Raised rectangular MACROHAIRS.-None seen. masses are scattered throughout intercostal long cells (Plate 60a,c). PRIcKLEs.-Infrequent; costal, intercostal and Oplismenus burmanii (Retzius) P. Beauvois marginal prickles (Plate 60d,e). SHORT CELLS.-coStaI >5/row; intercostal PLATES59-60 solitary (silica cells only). Silica Cells: Costal and ABAXIAL intercostal common. Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal not seen (Plate 60d,e). SToMATA.-Common; low-dome to triangu- SILICABoDIEs.-Costal mainly nodular or oc- lar; 2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 row/ casionally dumbbell, ends concave, middle wide band (Plate 59b). and short; intercostal crenate-vertical, cross- INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-Rectangular; ends shaped (Plate 60d,e). markedly concave (?); slightly sinuous. Ends and MICROHAIRS.-common; two-celled; basal outline of cells are difficult to determine because shorter, apical longer; apex rounded (Plate 60e). of collapsed cells. Papillae: None seen (Plate 59c). MACROHAIRs.-common; intercostal; basal LONG CELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, cells markedly raised. There are two sizes of width uniform; slightly sinuous to markedly sin- macrohairs present (Plate 60f). uous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 59a,c). Panicum trichoides Swartz PRIcKLEs.-Infrequent; marginal prickles. SHORT CELLS.-Costal >5/row; intercostal PLATES6 1-62 solitary (silica cells only), paired. Silica Cells: Cos- ABAXIAL tal abundant; intercostal common. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent (Plate ~TOMATA.-~ommon; low-dome or some- 5 9c, d ) . times triangular; 2 stomatal bands/intercostal SILICABoDIEs.-costal nodular or dumbbell, zone, 1 row/band (Plate 61b,c). ends rounded, middle wide and short; intercostal INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-Rectangular; ends cross-shaped, crenate-vertical (Plate 59c,d). slightly or markedly concave; slightly to mark- MIcRoHAIRs.-~onlmon; two-celled; basal edly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None 22 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY seen. There are often more than one intersto- shorter, apical longer; apex tapered (Plate 62e). matal cell between stomata (Plate 61c). MACROHAIRS.-cOmmOn; intercostal; basal LONGCELLs.-Square to rectangular; mark- cells slightly raised (Plate 62f). edly to slightly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Pa- pillae: None seen (Plate 61a,d). Paspalidium geminatum (Forsskal) Stapf PRICKLES.-Infrequent; marginal prickles only. PLATES63-64 SHORT CELLS.-costal >5/row; intercostal ABAXIAL paired. Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal common; intercos- SToMATA.-Common; triangular; 1 or 2 sto- tal infrequent. There are sometimes >1 adjacent matal bands/intercostal zone, 1-2 rows/band silica bodies (Plate 61d,e). (Plate 63a,6). SILICA BoDIEs.-costal nodular, dumbbell, INTERSTOMATALCELLS.-Rectangular to ends straight or concave, middle narrow and long, narrow, width uniform; ends markedly con- short; intercostal cross-shaped (Plate 6 1d,ef). cave; outline of walls indeterminable. Papillae: MIcRoHAIRs.-Infrequent to common; two- None seen (Plate 63c,d). celled; basal and apical equal, medium, to basal LONGCELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, shorter, apical longer; apex rounded. Apical cell width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, very thin and deflated (Plate 61f). raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 63a,c). MAcRoHAIRs.-~ommon; intercostal; basal PRICKLES.-None seen. cells slightly raised (Plate 61a). SHORTCELLs.-Costal paired, 3-5/row, >5/ row; intercostal solitary (cork cells only). Silica ADAXIAL Cells: Costal common; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal infrequent STOMATA.-cOmmOn; low-dome to triangu- (Plate 63d,e). lar; 2-4 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 or 2 SILICABoDIEs.-costal cross-shaped or dumb- rows/band (Plate 62b,c). bell, ends straight, middle wide, short; intercostal INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-Rectangular; ends not seen (Plate 63d,e). slightly concave; slightly sinuous. Papillae: None MIcRoHAIRs.-~ommon; two-celled; basal seen. Sometimes there are >1 interstomatal cells and apical equal in length, medium to basal between stomata (Plate 62c). shorter, apical slightly longer; apex tapered LONG CELLs.-Square, rectangular, penta- (Plate 63f). gonal; slightly sinuous (markedly sinuous, inter- MACROHAIRS.-None seen. locking, raised in marginal areas). Papillae: None seen (Plate 62a,c). ADAXIAL PRIcKLEs.-Infrequent; marginal prickles only. STOMATA.-Common to abundant; low-dome; SHORTCELLS.-Costal>5/row; intercostal not 1 or sometimes 2 stomatal bands/intercostal seen. Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal not zone, 2 or sometimes 1 row/band (Plate 64a,b). seen. Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal not INTERSTOMATALCELLS.-Rectangular or seen (Plate 62d). sometimes square to pentagonal; ends straight to SILICA BoDrEs.-costa~ nodular, dumbbell, convex; nonsinuous (?). Papillae: 1/cell, globose ends straight, middle wide and short; intercostal to elongate, variable. Papillae are located near not seen. Sometimes there are >I silica bodies one end of cell and are often deflated. There adjacent to each other (Plate 62d). often are 2 interstomatal cells between stomata MICROHAIRS.-Common; two-celled; basal (Plate 646,~). NUMBER 62 23

LONGCELLs.-Rectangular, pentagonal; non- MICROHAIRS.-Abundant; two-celled; basal sinuous (?). Papillae: 1/cell (sometimes the papilla shorter, apical longer; apex tapered (Plate 65e). is deflated so as to appear absent), globose to MACROHAIRS.-common; intercostal; basal elongate, variable. Papillae are often deflated cells markedly raised (Plate 65f). and located near one end of cell (Plate 64a,c,d). P~~c~~~s.-Infrequent;costal short macro- ADAXIAL hair-type (Plate 64e). SHORTCELLS.-Costal %.!)/row, >5/row; in- STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome; 2 or 3 sto- tercostal not seen. Silica Cells: Costal common; matal bands/intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal common; rows/band. Some subsidiary cells have a pair of intercostal not seen. Cork cells are papillate papillae on each cell (Plate 66b,c). (Plate 64d,f). INTERSTOMATALCELLS.-Rectangular; ends SILICA BoDIEs.-costal dumbbell, ends straight to convex; nonsinuous. Papillae: None rounded or straight, middle wide, short; inter- seen. Sometimes there are 2 or more intersto- costal not seen (Plate 64f). matal cells between stomata (Plate 66b,c). MICROHAIRS.-None seen. Microhairs may be: LONG CELLS.-Rectangular to long, narrow, obscured by papillae. width uniform (?); nonsinuous. Papillae: None MACROHAIRS.-see Prickles. seen. Shape is hard to determine because of collapsed cells (Plate 66a,f). PRIcKLEs.-Infrequent; intercostal hooks Paspalum conjugatum Berg (Plate 66f). SHORTCELLS.-cOStal >5/row7;intercostal not PLATES65-66 seen. Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal not ABAXIAL seen. Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal not seen (Plate 66c,d). SToMATA.-~ommon; low-dome to triangu- SILICABoDIEs.-costal widely saddle-shaped, lar; 5 stornatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 row/ unlobed, tall and narrow to square; intercostal band (Plate 65b,c). not seen (Plate 66c,d). INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular to MICROHAIRS.-Abundant; two-celled; basal long, narrow, width uniform; ends slightly con- shorter, apical longer; apex tapered (Plate Me). cave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, flat. Pa- MACROHAIRS.-common; intercostal; basal pillae: None seen (Plate 65b,c). cells markedly raised (Plate 66f). LONG CELLs.-Rectangular, long, narrow, width uniform; markedly sinuous, interlocking, Pennisetum purpureum Schumacher flat. Papillae: None seen (Plate 65a,c). PRIcKLEs.-Infrequent; intercostal and mar- PLATES67-68 ginal prickles (Plate 65f). ABAXIAL SHORT cELLS.-costal >5/row; intercostal solitary (silica cells only). Silica Cells: Costal com- STOMATA.-common to abundant; low-dome; mon; intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal 8 stornatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 or some- common; intercostal not seen. Sometimes there times 2 rows/band (Plate 67a,b). are adjacent silica cells without cork cells between INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-Rectangular to them (Plate 65a,d). long, narrow, width uniform; ends slightly to SILICA BODIES.-costal narrowly saddle- markedly concave; markedly sinuous, interlock- shaped, unlobed, tall and narrow; intercostal ing, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 67b). crenate-vertical (Plate 65a,d). LONGCELts.-Long, narrow, width uniform; 24 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: Pseudechinolaena polystachya (Kunth) Stapf None seen (Plate 67b,d). PRICKLES.-common; costal prickles; inter- PLATES69-70 costal hooks (Plate 67d). ABAXIAL SHORT CELLS.-cOstal >5/row; intercostal solitary (silica cells only). Silica Cells: Costal com- SToMATA.-~ommon; low-dome, triangular, mon; intercostal common to abundant. Cork high-dome; 3 or 4 stomatal bands/intercostal Cells: Costal common; intercostal not seen (Plate zone, 1 or 2 rows/band. Shape of subsidiary cells 67c,d). difficult to determine because of collapsed cells SILICABoDIEs.-costal dumbbell, ends con- (Plate 69b). cave, middle wide, short; intercostal cross-shaped INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-Square to rectan- (Plate 67c,d). gular; ends slightly concave; nonsinuous. Pa- MIcRoHAIRs.-~ommon to abundant; two- pillae: There seems to be one large, collapsed celled; basal and apical equal in length, medium papilla on each cell. Ends and cell outlines are to basal shorter, apical slightly longer; apex ta- difficult to determine because of collapsed cells. pered (Plate 67e). Sometimes there are two interstomatal cells be- MACROHAIRS.-common to abundant; inter- tween stomata (Plate 69c). costal; basal cells markedly raised (Plate 67f). LONG CELLS.-square, rectangular; nonsinuous. Papillae: There seems to be one large, ADAXIAL collapsed papilla on each cell. Outline of cells is SToMATA.-Common; triangular or some- difficult to determine because of collapsed cells times low-dome; 2 stomatal bands/intercostal (Plate 69a,c). zone, 1 or 2 rows/band (Plate 6%~). PRICKLES.-None seen. INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular to SHORT CELLS.-coStal>5/row; intercostal not long, narrow, width uniform; ends markedly con- seen. Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal not cave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Pa- seen. Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal not pillae: None seen (Plate 6th). seen. Sometimes there are several silica cells ad- LONGCELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; jacent to each other without cork cells between markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: (Plate 69d). None seen (Plate 68c,d). SILICA BoDIEs.-cosral nodular, dumbbell, PRIcKLEs.-Abundant; costal prickles; inter- ends concave, middle wide and short; intercostal costal prickles and hooks (Plate 68a,d). not seen (Plate 69d). SHORTCELLS.-Costal 3-5/row, >!)/row; in- MICROHAIRS.-cO~mon; two-celled; basal tercostal solitary (silica cells only), paired. Silica longer, apical shorter; apex rounded 0). Both the Cells: Costal and intercostal abundant. Cork Cells: basal and apical cells are commonly collapsed Costal common; intercostal infrequent (Plate (Plate 69e). 68d). MACROHAIRS.-cOmmOn; intercostal; basal SILICA BoDIEs.-costal dumbbell, ends cells slightly raised. Basal cells seem thin-walled straight, middle wide, short; intercostal tall and and sometimes are deflated (Plate 69f). narrow, crenate-vertical, cross-shaped (Plate 68d). ADAXIAL MIcRoHAIRs.-~ommon; two-celled; basal shorter, apical slightly longer; apex tapered STOMATA.-Infrequent; low-dome; distribu- (Plate 68e). tion indeterminable because stomata are too in- MAcRoHArRs.-Abundant; intercostal; basal frequent (Plate 70a). cells slightly to markedly raised (Plate 68f). INTERSTOMATALCELLS.-Rectangular; ends NUMBER 62 25 slightly concave; slightly sinuous. Papillae: None MICROHAIRS.-InfreqUent; two-celled; basal seen. and apical equal in length, medium to basal LONG CELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, slightly shorter, apical slightly longer; apex ta- width uniform; slightly sinuous to markedly sin- pered (Plate 7 IcJ). uous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen MACROHAIRS.-None seen. (Plate 70b,d). PRrcKLEs.-Common; intercostal and mar- ADAXIAL ginal prickles (Plate 70b,d). SHORT CELLS.-Costal>5/row; intercostal not STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome to triangu- seen. Silica Cells: Costal infrequent; intercostal lar; 3 to 5 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 or not seen. Cork Cells: Costal infrequent; intercos- 2 rows/band (Plate 72a,b). tal not seen (Plate 70c). INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-Rectangular; ends SILICABoDIEs.-costal nodular or dumbbell, slightly to markedly concave; slightly to markedly ends rounded or straight, middle short and nar- sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen row; intercostal not seen (Plate 70c). (Plate 72c). MICROHAIRS.-Abundant; two-celled; basal LONGCELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; and apical equal in length, medium or basal slightly to markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. shorter, apical slightly longer; apex rounded Papillae: None seen (Plate 72e). (Plate 70d,e). PRIcKLEs.-Common; costal and intercostal ~AcRoHAIRs.-~ommon; intercostal; basal prickles, intercostal hooks (Plate 72b,c). cells markedly raised (Plate 70f). SHORTCELLs.-Costal paired, 3-5/row, >5/ row; intercostal solitary (cork cells only). Silica Rhynchelytrum kallimorphon W.D. Clayton Cells: Costal common; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal infrequent (marginal areas only). PLATES71-72 SILICA BoDIEs.-Costal nodular, dumbbell, ABAXIAL ends concave or straight, middle narrow and short; intercostal not seen (Plate 72d). Stomata.-Common to abundant; low-dome; MICROHAIRS.-common; two-celled; basal 2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 row/band and apical equal in length to basal slightly (Plate 71b,c). shorter, apical slightly longer; apex tapered INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular to (Plate 72f). long, narrow, width uniform; ends slightly con- MACROHAIRS.-None seen. cave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Pa- pillae: None seen (Plate 71b,c). LONGCELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; Sacciolepis africana markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: C.E. Hubbard and Snowden None seen (Plate 7 Id). PRICKLES.-common; costal and intercostal PLATES 73-74 prickles (Plate 7 la,e). ABAXIAL SHORTCELLs.-Costal solitary, paired; intercostal solitary (cork cells only). Silica Cells: Costal STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome or occasion- infrequent; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Cos- ally high-dome; 6-8 stomatal bands/intercostal tal and intercostal infrequent (Plate 7 ld,e). zone, 1 or sometimes 2 rows/band. Subsidiary SILICA BoDIEs.-costal dumbbell, ends cells are usually collapsed perhaps because of thin straight, middle short and narrow; intercostal not walls (Plate 73b,c). seen (Plate 7 ld,e). INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-Square to rectan- 26 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY gular; ends straight to convex; nonsinuous. Pa- SILICABoDIEs.-Costa~ nodular or dumbbell, pillae: l/cell, globose to elongate, uniform. Pa- ends straight, middle wide, short; intercostal not pillae are usually deflated. Sometimes there are seen (Plate 74d,e). 2 interstomatal cells between stomata (Plate 73a, MICROHAIRS.-Infrequent; two-celled; basal c). and apical equal in length, medium; apex ta- LONGCELLS.-square to rectangular to pen- pered. Microhairs are difficult to distinguish tagonal to hexagonal; nonsinuous. Papillae: 1/ from papillae when both are collapsed (Plate cell, globose to elongate, uniform (Plate 73a,d). 74f). PRICKLES.-Abundant; costal papillate-type MACROHAIRS.-None seen. prickles. Prickles are very abundant on large veins (Plate 73e). Setaria plicatilis (Hochstetter) Engler SHORT CELLS.-COstal solitary (silica cells only), paired, 3-5/row; intercostal not seen. Sil- PLATES 75-76 ica Cells: Costal common; intercostal not seen. ABAXIAL Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal not seen. Cork cells are papillate (Plate 73e). STOMATA.-common to abundant; triangu- SILICA BoDIEs.-Costal nodular, dumbbell, lar; 1, 2, or sometimes 3 stomata1 bands/inter- ends straight, middle wide and short; intercostal costal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 rows/band (Plate not seen (Plate 73e). 7 5a,b). MICROHAIRS.-common; two-celled; basal INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-Rectangular to and apical equal in length to basal shorter, apical long, narrow, width uniform; ends straight to longer; apex tapered. Apical cell is usually de- convex or slightly concave; markedly sinuous, flated (Plate 73f). interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate !vfACROHAIRS.-NOne seen. 7 5 b ,c). LONGCELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; ADAXIAL markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 754). STOMATA.-Abundant; low-dome; 2-4 sto- PRICKLES.-Common; costal prickles; inter- mata] bands/intercostal zone, 1-2 rows/band. costal prickles and hooks. The base of the prickle Subsidiary cells are usually collapsed (Plate 74b). is often deflated (Plate 75f). INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-Square to rectan- SHORT CELLS.-COstal >5/row; intercostal gular; ends straight to convex nonsinuous. Pa- solitary, paired. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; pillae: l/cell, elongate, uniform. Papillae are usu- intercostal common. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; ally deflated. Sometimes there are 2 interstoma- intercostal infrequent. There are sometimes tal cells between stomata (Plate 74c,d). adjacent silica bodies without a cork cell between LONGCELLS.-square to rectangular to pen- (Plate 75c,d,e). tagonal to hexagonal; nonsinuous. Papillae: 1/ SILICA BODIEs.-Costal nodular (sometimes cell, elongate, uniform. Papillae are usually de- very long with 4-5 lobes on each side), dumbbell, flated (Plate 74c). ends straight, middle short, narrow; intercostal PRICKLES.-Abundant; costal papillate-type crenate-vertical, cross-shaped, or sometimes prickles (Plate 74d). dumbbell, ends straight, middle short, wide SHORTCELLS.-COstal paired, 3-5/row, >5/ (Plate 75c,d,e). row; intercostal not seen. Silica Cells: Costal com- MICROHAIRS.-common; two-celled; basal mon; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal com- and apical equal in length, long or basal shorter, mon; intercostal not seen. Cork cells are papillate apical longer; apex tapered (Plate 75c). (Plate 744. MACROHAIRS-Infrequent to common; inter- NUMBER 62 27 costal; basal cells markedly raised. There are two Subsidiary cell shape is difficult to determine sizes of macrohairs-one type is much longer because cells are often collapsed (Plate 77b). than the other. The macrohairs occur in 3-4 INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-Rectangular (?); rows in some of the intercostal zones (Plate 75f). ends straight to convex; slightly sinuous. Pa- pillae: None seen. Cells are often collapsed; shape ADAXIAL and outline of walls are difficult to determine (Plate 77b). SToMATA.-Infrequent; triangular; 1 or some- LONG CELLS.-Rectangular to long, narrow, times 2 stomatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 row/ width uniform (?); slightly sinuous. Papillae: band (Plate 76aJ). None seen. Cells are often collapsed: shape and INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Long, narrow, outline of walls are difficult to determine (Plate width uniform: ends slightly concave; markedly 77b,c). sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: None seen PRrcKLEs.-Common to abundant; costal and (Plate 76a,c). sometimes intercostal prickles (Plate 776,~). LONGCELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform: SHORT CELLs.-CostaI solitary (silica cells markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: only), paired, 3-5/row; intercostal not seen. Szl- None seen (Plate 76b,c). ica Cells: Costal common; intercostal not seen. PRIcKLEs.-Common; costal prickles; inter- Cork Cells: Costal infrequent to common; intercostal prickles and hooks (Plate 76a,c). costal not seen (Plate 77b,df). SHORT CELLs.-Costal >?)/row; intercostal SILICABoDIEs.-costal nodular; intercostal solitary (silica cells only). Silica Cells: Costal abun- not seen. Some are very long with many nodes dant; intercostal common. Cork Cells: Costal (Plate 77d). abundant; intercostal not seen. There are some- MICROHAIRS.-Infrequent; two-celled; basal times adjacent silica bodies without a cork cell and apical equal in length, medium to basal between (Plate 76d,e). shorter, apical longer; apex rounded (?) (Plate SILICA BoDIEs.-costal dumbbell, ends 77e). rounded, middle short, wide or narrow or some- MACROHAIRS.-common to abundant; costal; times nodular; intercostal crenate-vertical, cross- basal cells markedly raised (Plate 77aLf). shaped (Plate 76d,e). MICROHAIRS.-common; two-celled; basal ADAXIAL and apical equal in length to basal shorter, apical longer: apex tapered (Plate 76e). SToMATA.-Infrequent (seen near margin MACROHAIRS.-Infrequent; intercostal; basal only); triangular to high-dome; distribution in- cells markedly raised. Macrohairs seem to be in determinable because stomata are too infrequent widely separated rows and not very abundant in (Plate 78b). rows (Plate 76f). INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular to long, narrow, width uniform; ends straight to Snowdenia petitiana (A. Richard) convex; slightly sinuous. Papillae: None seen C.E. Hubbard (Plate 78b). LONG CELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, PLATES77-78 width uniform (shape indeterminable except ABAXIAL near margin because of collapsed cells); slightly sinuous. Papillae: None seen (Plate 78b,c). STOMATA.-Common to abundant; low-dome PRIcKLEs.-~ommon to abundant; costal and to triangular: 1 or sometimes 2 stomatal bands/ sometimes intercostal prickles (Plate 78a,c). intercostal zone, 1 or sometimes 2 rows/band. SHORTCELLS.-cOstal solitary, paired, 3-5/ 28 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

row; intercostal not seen. Silica Cells: Costal in- ADAXIAL frequent to common; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal infrequent; intercostal not seen. SToMATA.-~ommon; low-dome to triangu- Sometimes there are 2 or 3 adjacent silica bodies lar; 1 or 2 stornatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 (Plate 78d). row/band (Plate 80b). SILICABoDIEs.-costa~ nodular (very long); INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Long, narrow, intercostal not seen (Plate 78d). width uniform; ends slightly concave; markedly MICROHAIRS.-Infrequent; two-celled; basal sinuous, interlocking, raised (Plate 80c). shorter, apical slightly longer; apex tapered LONGCELLS.-Long, narrow, width uniform; (Plate 78e). markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: MACROHAIRS.-common to abundant; inter- None seen (Plate 80a,c). costal and costal; basal cells markedly raised PRrcKLEs.-Infrequent; costal prickles (Plate (Plate 78f). 80d). SHORT CELLS.-costal >5/row; intercostal Stenotaphrum dimidiatum (Linnaeus) solitary (silica cells only), paired. Silica Cells: Cos- Brongniart tal common; intercostal abundant. Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal infrequent to com- PLATES79-80 mon (Plate 80d,e). SILICA BoDIEs.-costal dumbbell, ends ABAXIAL rounded or straight, middle wide, short; inter- ~ToMATA.-~ommon; low-dome to triangu- costal crenate-vertical or sometimes cross-shaped lar; 1 stornatal band/intercostal zone, 1 row/ (Plate 80d,e). band (Plate 79b,e). MICROHAIRS.-common to abundant; two- INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-Long, narrow, celled; basal shorter, apical longer; apex tapered width uniform or sometimes rectangular; ends (Plate 80f). slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, MACROHAIRS.-None seen. raised. Papillae: None seen. Sometimes there are 2 interstomatal cells and a silica cell between Stereochl aena caespitosa W. D. Clayton stomata (Plate 79e). LONGCELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; PLATES 81-82 markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: ABAXIAL None seen (Plate 79a,e). PRIcKLEs.-Infrequent; intercostal prickles STOMATA.-None seen. (Plate 79e). LONGCELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; SHORT CELLS.-Costal >!)/row; intercostal nonsinuous. Papillae: None seen. The intercostal solitary (silica cells only), paired. Silica Cells: Cos- long cells are collapsed and folded and shape is tal common; intercostal abundant. Cork Cells: difficult to determine (Plate 8la,b,c). Costal and intercostal common (Plate 79b,c). PRIcKLES.-Abundant; costal prickles; inter- SILICA BODIEs.-costal dumbbell, ends costal prickles and hooks (Plate 81b,c). rounded or straight, middle wide, short; inter- SHORTCELLS.-cOStal paired, 3-5/row, >5/ costal crenate-vertical or sometimes cross-shaped row; intercostal not seen. Silica Cells: Costal (Plate 79b,c). abundant; intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal MICROHAIRS.-common to abundant; two- abundant; intercostal not seen (Plate 8 lb,d). celled; basal shorter, apical longer; apex tapered SILICA BoDIEs.-Costa~ dumbbell, ends (Plate 79f). rounded or straight, middle wide and short; in- ~ACROHAIRS.-NOne seen. tercostal not seen (Plate 81b,d). NUMBER 62 29

MICROHAIRs.-common; two-celled; basal LONGCELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; shorter, apical longer; apex tapered. Microhairs markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: occur in rows adjacent to vein (Plate 8lef). None seen (Plate 83a,d). MACROHAIRS.-None seen. PRIcKLEs.-Infrequent; intercostal prickles (Plate 83d). SHORT CELLs.-Costal >5/row; intercostal ADAXIAL solitary, paired. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; intercostal infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal abun- STOMATA.-commOn; low-dome; 2 or 3 Sto- dant; intercostal infrequent (Plate 83c,e). niatal bands/intercostal zone, 1 row/band (Plate SILICA BODIES.-costal dumbbell, ends 8 2 b,c). rounded or straight, middle wide, short; inter- INTERSTOMATAL CELLS.-Rectangular; ends costal tall and narrow (Plate 83c,e). straight to convex; nonsinuous. Papillae: None ~ICROHAIRS.-Common; two-celled; basal seen (Plate 82c). shorter; apical longer; apex tapered (Plate 83f). LONG CELLs.-Rectangular to long, narrow, MACROHAIRS. -None seen. width uniform; nonsinuous. Papillae: None seen (Plate 82c). PRICKLES.-Abundant; costal prickles; inter- ADAXIAL costal prickles and hooks (Plate 82b,c). SHORTC:ELLS.-COStal 3-5/row, >5/row; in- STOMATA.-Common to abundant; low-dome tercostal not seen. Silica Cells: Costal abundant; to triangular; 2 stornatal bands/intercostal zone, intercostal not seen. Cork Cells: Costal abundant; 1-2 rows/band (Plate 84a,b). intercostal not seen (Plate 82d,e). INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-Rectangular to SILICA BODIEs.-costa~ dumbbell, ends long, narrow, lvidth uniform; ends straight to rounded, middle !vide and short; intercostal not convex or slightly concave; nonsinuous to slightly seen (Plate 82d,e). sinuous. Papillae: None seen. The entire inter- MICROHAIRS.-Abundant; two-celled; basal stornatal cell appears markedly raised giving the shorter, apical longer; apex tapered (Plate 82f). stomata a depressed appearance. There are often MACROHAIRS.-None seen. two interstornatal cells between stomata (Plate 8 4a ,c) . LONGCELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; Tricholaena teneriffae (Linnaeus f.) Link nonsinuous to slightly sinuous. Papillae: None seen (Plate 84c,d). PLATES83-84 PRICKLES.-Infrequent; intercostal prickles ABAXIAL (Plate 84d). SHORT CELLS.-Costal >5/row; intercostal STOMATA.-common; triangular; 2 stornatal solitary. Silica Cells: Costal common; intercostal bands/intercostal zone, 2 or sometimes 1 row/ infrequent. Cork Cells: Costal common; intercos- band. Costal zones are high ridges, and intercostal infrequent (Plate 84d,e). tal zones are deep grooves. It is sometimes diffi- SILICA BoDIEs.-Costal elongated sinuous, cult to determine intercostal features (Plate 83a, nodular, dumbbell, ends rounded, middle wide, b). short; intercostal cross-shaped, square (Plate 84d, INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Long, narrow, e). width uniform; ends slightly to markedly con- MICROHAIRS.-Infrequent; two-celled; basal cave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Pa- shorter, apical longer; apex tapered (Plate 84f). pillae: None seen (Plate 83a,d). hfACROHAIRS.-NOne seen. 30 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

Urochloa mosambicensis (Hackel) Dandy ADAXIAL PLATES85-86 SToMATA.-~ommon to abundant; low-dome to triangular or sometimes high-dome; 2 stornatal ABAXIAL bands/intercostal zone, 1 row/band (Plate 86b). STOMATA.-cOmmOn to abundant; triangular INTERSTOMATALCELLs.-Rectangular or or sometimes low-dome; 2 stornatal bands/inter- sometimes long, narrow, width uniform; ends costal zone, 1 row/band (Plate 85b,c). slightly concave; markedly sinuous, interlocking, INTERSTOMATAL CELLs.-Rectangular to raised 0). Papillae: None seen (Plate 86b). long, narrow, width uniform; ends slightly to LONGCELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; markedly concave; markedly sinuous, interlock- markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: ing, raised. Papillae: None seen (Plate 85c,d). None seen. Often the demarcations of the cell LONGCELLs.-Long, narrow, width uniform; walls are not obvious, and it is difficult to distin- markedly sinuous, interlocking, raised. Papillae: guish one cell from another (Plate 86a,c). None seen (Plate 856,d). PRIcKLEs.-Infrequent; intercostal prickles PRIcKLEs.-bione seen. and hooks (Plate 86c). SHORT CELLS.-Costal 3-5/row, >5/row, or SHORT CELLS.-CostaI >5/row; intercostal sometimes paired; intercostal solitary (silica cells solitary (silica cells only), paired. Silica Cells: Cos- only), paired. Silica Cells: Costal common to tal common: intercostal infrequent to common. abundant; intercostal common. Cork Cells: Costal Cork Cells: Costal common; intercostal infre- common to abundant; intercostal common (Plate quent (Plate 86a,d). 85d). SILICABoDIEs.-costal cross-shaped or dumb- SILICABoDIEs.-costal dumbbell, ends con- bell, ends straight or lobed, middle wide, short; cave or straight, middle narrow or wide, short, intercostal crenate-vertical, cross-shaped (Plate sometimes cross-shaped, rarely nodular; intercos- 86a,d). tal crenate-vertical or cross-shaped (Plate 85d). MICROHAIRS.-Infrequent to common: two- MICROHAIRS.-common; two-celled; basal celled; basal shorter, apical longer; apex tapered shorter, apical longer; apex rounded (Plate 85e). (Plate 86e). MAcRoHArRs.-Infrequent; intercostal and MAcRoHAIRs.-Infrequent to common; basal costal; basal cells markedly raised. Macrohairs cells markedly raised. Only the basal cells are often occur in pairs where they do occur, but left, or parts of the shaft, no intact hairs seen they are sparselv distributed (Plate 85f). (Plate 861). APPENDIX

Material Studied

Species Collection Origin Herbarium Acritochaete volkensii Davidse 7008 Kenya MO Acroceras zizanioides Reekmans 4864 Burundi MO Alloteropsis angusta Hitchcock 24788 Kenya US Anthephora elongata Adamson 10 Tanzania K A rundinella nepalensis Liebenberg 2390 S. Africa us Axonopus jlexuosus Trapnell 1701 N. Rhodesia MO Brachiaria brizantha Hitchcock 24884 Uganda us Cenchrus ciliaris Bogdan2242 Kenya K Chaetopoa taylori Milne-Redhead & Tanzania K Taylor 9684 Chloachne oplismenoides Brenan, Jones, Rich- British Camerouns US ards 9551 Chlorocalymma cryptacanthum Greenway & Kanuri Tanzania MO 13980 Coelachne africana Auquier 3437 Rwanda MO Cyrtococcum multinode Dawkins D57 1 Uganda K Digitaria diagonalis var. uniglumis Boaler 738 Tanzania K Eccoptocarpha obconiciventris Boaler 246 Tanzania K Echinochloa haploclada Johnston s.n. 2 No- Uganda K vember 1933 Entolasia imbricata Bogdan 4054 Kenya K Eriochloa meyerana Glover, Gwynne & Kenya K Samuel 454 Gilgiochloa indurata Greenway 14367 Tanzania MO Heteranthoecia guineensis Simon & Williamson Zambia MO 1925 Zambia us Davidse & Handlos 7217 Holcolemma inaequale Polhill & Paulo 619 Kenya K Hylebates chlorochloe Bogdan AB 3909 Kenya K Isachne buettneri Ba 1d w i n Kenya MO Loudetia arundinacea Thomas 3920 Uganda us Melinis ambigua Greenway 14489 Tanzania MO Odontelytrum abyssinicum Ash 2103 Ethiopia MO Oplismenus burmannii Nicholson 2 13 Tanzania K Panicum trichoides Gillman 1462 Tanzania K Paspalidium geminatum Ash 1376 Ethiopia MO

31 32 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

Material Studied-Continued.

Species Collection Origin Herbarium Paspalum conjugatum Lye 6171 Uganda K Pennisetum purpureum Liebenberg 489 Uganda K Pseudechinolaena polystachya Mwasumbi, Harris & Tanzania MO Tadro 10830 Ma- Kenya K gogo 1537 Rhynchelytrum kallimorphon Milne-Redhead & Tanzania K Taylor 9423 Sacciolepis africana Thomas 4544 Uganda us Setaria plicatilis Hitchcock 24746 Kenya K Snowdenia petitiana Thomas 2573 Uganda K Stenotaphrum dimidiatum Allan 145 Kenya K Stereochlaena caespitosa Faulkner 1424 Tanzania K Tricholaena tenergae Dyson-Hudson 6 Uganda us Trichopteryx stolziana Reekmans 1786 Burundi MO Tristachya bequaertii Milne-Redhead Rhodesia US 3845 Urochloa mosambicensis Brooks G 104 Uganda K Zonotriche inamoena Davidse & Handlos Zambia MO 7270 Literature Cited

Clayton, W.D. East African Lake Sediments. CanadianJournal of 1970. Gramineae, Part 1. In E. Milne-Redhead and R.M. Botany, 54(15):1725-1734. Polhill, editors, Flora of Tropical East Africa, pages Palmer, P.G., and A.E. Tucker 1- 1 76. London: Crown Agents for Oversea Gov- 1981. A Scanning Electron Microscope Survey of the ernments and Administrations. Epidermis of East African Grasses, I. Smithsonian 1974. Gramineae, Part 2. In E. Milne-redhead and R.M. Contributions to Botany, 49: 84 pages, 48 plates. Polhill, editors, Flora of Tropical East Africa, pages 1983. A Scanning Electron Microscope Survey of the 177-449. London: Crown Agents for Oversea Epidermis of East African Grasses, 11. Smithsonzan Governments and Administrations. Contributions to Botany, 53: 72 pages, 32 plates. 1982. Gramineae, Part 3. In E. Milne-redhead and R.M. Polhill, editors, Flora of Tropical East Africa, pages Palmer, P.G., S. Cerbeth-Jones, and S. Hutchison 450-850. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkenia. 1985. .A Scanning Electron Microscope Survey of the Palmer, P.G Epidermis of East African Grasses, 111. Smithsonian 1976. Grass Cuticles: A New Paleoecological Tool for Contributions to Botany, 35: 135 pages, 98 plates.

33 34 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE 1 .-Abaxial epidermis Arundinella nepalensis, Liebenberg 2390: a, overview of wide intercostal zone, X 208; b, stoma, long cells, intercostal silica body (arrow), X 960; c, interstomatal cell (arrow), long cells, X 448; d, costal prickles, X 240; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), microhair (arrow), X 640;J macrohair, X 160. NUMBER 62 35

PLATE2.-Adaxial epidermis Arundinella nepalensis, Liebenberg 2390: a, overview, in' terstomatal cells (arrow), X 384; b, stoma, intercostal silica body (arrow), X 960; c, costal and intercostal prickles (arrow), long cells, X 320; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640; e, microhair, X 768;j macrohair, X 120. 36 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE3.-Abaxial epidermis Gilgiochloa indurata, Greenway 14367: a, overview, macrohair, X 160; 6, stoma, costal silica body (arrow), prickle, X 1287: c, interstoniatal cell, long cells, macrohair, X 608; d, costal prickles, silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640; e, long cells, intercostal cork cell (arrow), X 912;f; microhair, X 640. NUMBER 62 37

PLATE4.-Adaxial epidermis Gilgiochloa indurata, Greenway 14367: a, overview, macrohairs, X 120: b, stoma, x 1250; c, interstomatal cell, long cells, intercostal prickles, X 480; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), prickles, X 640; e, microhair, X 544;f; macrohair, X 324. 38 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE 5.-Abaxial epidermis Loudetia arundinacea, Thomas 3920: a, overview, intercostal cork cell (arrow), X 320; b, stomata, interstomatal cell, X 960; c, interstornatal cells, long cells, X 480; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640; e, microhairs (arrow), X 640;f; base of macrohair, X 320. NUMBER 62 39

PLATE6.-Adaxial epidermis Loudetia arundinacea, Thomas 3920: a, overview, interstomatal cell (arrow), long cells, X 384; b, stoma, long cell with papilla (arrow), X 1250; c, costal prickles, X 320; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), intercostal silica body (arrow), X 960; e, niicrohairs, intercostal hooks (arrow), X 640;f; base of macrohair, X 352. 40 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE7.-Abaxial epidermis Trichopterjx stolzzana, Reeknians 1786: a, overview, X 160; b, stomata, X 320; c, interstomatal cell (arrow), long cells, microhair, X 480; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640; e, rnicrohair, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 1290; f; macrohairs, X 640. NUMBER 62 41

PLATES.-Adaxial epidermis Trichopteryx stolziana, Reekmans 1786: a, overview, interstomatal cell (arroi\.), X 320; b, stomata, X 640; c, long cells, X 320; d, costal silica bodies (sb), X 480; e, microhair, X 1250;J base of macrohair, X 640. SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE9.-Abaxial epidermis Tristachya bequaertii, Milne-Redhead 3845: a, overview, X 264; b, long cells, intercostal hook, microhair, X 864; c, intercostal hooks, X 576; d, costal prickles, silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 576; e, microhairs, intercostal silica body (arrow), intercostal cork cell (cc), X 576;f;microhairs, X 864. NUMBER 62 43

PLATE 10.-Adaxial epidermis Tristachya bequaertii, Milne-Redhead 3845: a, overview, X 160; b, stomata, interstomatal cells, X 864; c, intercostal zone with prickles and hooks, X 432; d, intercostal zone with papillate-type prickles, long cells, X 640; e, costal prickles, silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 691;f; intercostal short macrohair, X 640. 44 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE1 1 .-Abdxial epidermis Zonotrzche inamoena, Davidse and Handlos 7270: a, overview, macrohair, X, 160; b, stoma, long cells, X 960; c, interstornatal cell, intercostal cork cell (cc), X 640; d, costal prickles, intercostal hooks, X 320; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640;J intercostal silica body (sb), X 640. NUMBER 62 45

PLATE 12.-Adaxial epidermis Zonotriche znamoena, Davidse and Handlos 7270: a, overview, macrohairs, X 160; b, stoma, X 1875; c, interstomatal cell, long cells, X 896; d, costal prickles, microhairs, X 320; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640;f;microhair (arrow), hooks, costal prickles, X 480. 46 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE lJ.--Abaxial epidermis Coelachne africana, Auquier 3437 (d, e), Schlieben 4 161 (a-c, f): a, overview, X 293; b, stoma, interstomatal cells, long cells, X 867; c, long cells with inflated papillae, X 867; d, long cells with deflated papillae, intercostal prickle, X 867; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 867;J; base of macrohair, X 625. NUMBER 62 47

PLATE 14.-Adaxial epidermis Coelachne ufrzcuna, Auquier 3437 (a,d), Schlieben 4 161 (b,c,eJ): a, overview, X 295; b, stoma, long cells, X 960; c, long cells and interstomatal cells (arrow), X 867; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 867; e, costal silica body (sb), cork cell (cc), X 2970;J intercostal prickle, X 625. 48 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE 15.-Abaxial epidermis Heteranthoecia guzneensis, Simon and Williamson 1925 (a), Davidse and Handlos 7217 (b-f): a, overview, macrohairs, X 299; b, stomata, interstornatal cells, long cells, X 867; c, stoma (arrow), long cells, X 867; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 867; e, costal silica body (sb), papillate cork cell (cc), X 2970;J; intercostal prickle with raised basal cells, X 867. NUMBER 62 49

PLATE 16.-Adaxial epidermis Heteranthoecia guineensis, Davidse and Handlos 72 17 (a-e), Simon and Williamson 1925 cf): a, overview, X 295; b, stomata, interstomatal cell (arrow), X 867; c, long cells, short cells, X 867; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells with deflated papillae (cc), X 867; e, costal silica body (sb), papillate cork cell (cc), X 2970;f; base of costal macrohair, X 867. SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE 17.-Abaxial epidermis Isachne buettneri, Baldwin 67 18: a, overview showing distribution of macrohairs, X 150; b, stomata, interstomatal cells, long cells, X 867; c, long cells, costal prickles, short cells, X 867; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 867; e, costal microhair, X 1696;J macrohairs, X 295. NUMBER 62 51

PLATElS.-Adaxial epidermis Zsachne buettnerz, Baldwin 67 18: a, overview, X 295; 6, stoma, interstornatal cell (arrow), X 1285; c, long cells, X 629; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 867; e, microhair, X 1696;f; macrohair, X 640. 52 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE 19.-Abaxial epidermis Acritochaete volkensii, Davidse 7008: a, overview, X 320; b, stomata, X 1250; c, interstomatal cells, long cells, X 640; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (ccj, X 640; e, microhair, midvein silica bodies (sb), cork cells (ccj, X 1250;J intercostal prickle (arro\v), base of macrohair, X 640. NUMBER 62 53

PLATEPO.-Adaxial epidermis Acritochaete volkensii, Davidse 7008: a, overview, macrohairs, X 160; b, stoma, prickle (arrow), X 1500; c, interstornatal cells, long cells, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640; d, midvein silica bodies, cork cells, X 320; e, marginal prickles, short cells, X 640;J microhair, X 1250. 54 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE 2 1 .-Abaxial epidermis Acroceras zizanioides, Reekmans 4864: a, overview, X 240; b, stoma, intercostal silica bodies (arrow), X 640; c, interstomatal cells, long cells, X 320; d, intercostal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 480; e, interstomatal cells (arrow), costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 480;f;microhair, X 960. NUMBER 62 55

PLATE 22.-Adaxial epidermis Acroceras zizanioides, Reekmans 4864: a, overview, X 240; b, stoma, X 1250; c, interstomatal cells, long cells, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 480; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), intercostal silica body (arrow), X 640; e, marginal prickles, X 320;J microhair, X 1250. 56 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE23.-Abaxial epidermis Alloteropsis angusta, Hitchcock 24788: a, overview, X 240; 6, stoma, x 1625; c, interstomatal cell (arrow), long cells, X 640; d, intercostal silica bodies (sb), cork cell (cc), prickles, x 640; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), microhair, X 1875;f; base of macrohair, X 320. NUMBER 62 57

PLATE24.-Adaxial epidermis Alloteropszs angusta, Hitchcock 24788: a, overview, X 240; b, stomata, interstomatal cell, X 640; c, interstomatal cells, long cells, X 480; d, intercostal hook, costal silica bodies (arrow), X 1230; e, costal and intercostal hooks, intercostal cork cell (arrow), X 640;J microhair, X 1250. 58 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE25.-Abaxial epidermis Anthephora elongata, Adamson 10: a, overview, X 160; b, stoma, long cells, X 1250; c, long cells, costal and intercostal prickles, X 640; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640; e, microhair, X 1250;J bases of macrohairs, X 640. NUMBER 62 59

PLATE 26.-Adaxial epidermis Anthephora elongata, Adamson 10: a, overview, X 160; b, stomata, interstomatal cells, X 960; c, interstomatal cells, long cells, costal and intercostal prickles, X 320; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 1500; e, microhair, X 960;f; base of macrohair, X 640. 60 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE27.-Abaxial epidermis AxonopusJlexuosus, Trapnell 170 1 : a, overview, X 160; b, stoma, x 960; c, interstomatal cells, long cells, X 320; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640; e, costal prickle (arrow), intercostal hooks, X 320;f; microhair, X 1250. NUMBER 62 61

PLATEPB.-Adaxial epidermis Axonopusflexuosus, Trapnell 170 1 : a, overview, X 180; b, stoma, x 640; c, interstornatal cell (arrow), long cells, X 544; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 1250; e, costal prickles, intercostal hooks (arrow), X 320;j microhair, X 1250. 62 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE29.-Abaxial epidermis Brachiaria brizantha, Hitchcock 24884: a, overview, X 160; b, stoma, X 1250; c, interstomatal cells (arrow), long cells, X 320; d, interstomatal cell, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640; e, intercostal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), microhairs, hook (arrow), X 640;f; base of macrohair, X 320. NUMBER 62 63

PLATE30.-Adaxial epidermis Brachiaria brizantha, Hitchcock 24884: a, overview, X 160; b, stomata, interstomatal cells, intercostal hooks, intercostal cork cell (arrow), X 480; c, interstomatal cells, long cells, X 320; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). X 640; e, microhair, X 9SO;J base of macrohair, X 320. 64 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE31 .-Abaxial epidermis Cenchrus ciliaris, Bogdan 2242: a, overview, X 160; b, stoma, X 1250; c, interstomatal cells, long cells, X 320; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), costal and intercostal prickles, X 384; e, intercostal silica body (sb), cork cell (cc), X 1500;J microhair, X 680. NUMBER 62 65

Plate 32.-Adaxial epidermis Cenchrus ciliaris, Bogdan 2242: a, overview, X 208; 6, stoma, X 1250; c, interstomatal cells, long cells, intercostal hook (arrow), X 320; d, costal prickles, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), microhair, X 544; e, intercostal silica bodies (arrow), X 320;f; base of macrohair, X 320. 66 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE33.-Abaxial epidermis Chaetopoa taylorz, Milne-Redhead and Taylor 9684: a, overview, short macrohairs, X 320; b, stoma, X 1250; c, interstomatal cells, long cells, X 480; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), intercostal short cells (arrow), X 640; e, base of macrohair, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640;f; microhair, X 1250. NUMBER 62 67

PLATE34.-Adaxial epidermis Chaetopoa taylori, Milne-Redhead and Taylor 9684: a, overview, X 320; b, stoma, long cells, intercostal silica cell (arrow), X 480; c, costal cork cells (arrow), long cells, X 480; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 320; e, costal prickles, intercostal hook (arrow), base of macrohair, short macrohairs, X 320;J microhair, X 1250. 68 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE 35.-Abaxial epidermis Chloachne oplismenoides, Brenan, Jones, Richards 955 1 : a, overview, intercostal short macrohairs (arrow), X 160; b, stoma, X 1625; c, intercostal silica bodies (arrow), long cells, X 640; d, interstomatal cell (arrow), costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640; e, prickles on midvein, base of macrohair, X 320;f; microhair, X 640. NUMBER 62 69

PLATE 36.-Adaxial epidermis Chloachne oplismenoides, Brenan, Jones, Richards 955 1 : a, overview, long cells, X 240; b, stomata, interstomatal cell, costal prickle, X 640; c, costal prickle, intercostal silica body (arrow), X 480; d, long cells, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 960; e, microhair, X 1250;jbase of macrohair, X 320. 70 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE37.-Abaxial epidermis Chlorocalymma cryptacanthum, Greenway and Kanuri 13980: a, overview, X 160; b, stoma, interstomatal cells, X 640; c, interstomatal cells, long cells, X 320; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640; e, microhair, X 125O;J base of macrohair, X 640. NUMBER 62 71

PLATE38.-Adaxial epidermis Chlorocalymma cryptacanthum, Greenway and Kanuri 13980: a, overview, x 160; b, stoma, interstomatal cells, long cells, X 640; c, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), intercostal cork cell (arrow), costal and intercostal prickles, X 480; d, intercostal silica bodies (arrow), X 640; e, microhair, X 1250;J macrohairs, X 320. 72 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE39.-Abaxial epidermis Cyrtococcum multinode, Dawkins D57 1 : a, overview, long cells, X 480; b, stomata, interstomatal cell (arrow), X 1250; c, long cells, intercostal prickle (arrow), X 640; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 1250; e, microhair with swollen tip (arrow), X 1024;J base of macrohair, X 640. NUMBER 62 73

PLATE 40.-Adaxial epidermis Cyrtococcum multinode, Dawkins D37 1: a, overview, X 320; b, stoma, X 1250; c, interstomatal cell, long cells, X 640; d, costal and intercostal prickles, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640; e, microhair (arrow), X 125O;J base of macrohair, X 320. 74 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE4 1 .-Abaxial epidermis Digitaria diagonalis var. uniglumis, Boaler 738: a, overview, interstomatal cell (arrow), X 320; b, stoma, X 640; c, marginal prickles, X 320; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), intercostal silica body (arrow), X 640 e, intercostal silica body (sb), cork cell (cc), X 640;J microhairs, X 640. NUMBER 62

PLATE42.-Adaxial epidermis Digitaria diagonalis var. uniglumis, Boaler 738: a, overview, X 320; b, stomata, interstomatal cell, X 640; c, interstomatal cells, long cells, X 320; d, costal prickles, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 480; e, intercostal silica body (arrow), X 640; J intercostal hook (arrow), microhairs, X 640. 76 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE43.-Abaxial epidermis Eccoptocarpha obconiciventris, Boaler 246: a, overview, long cells, X 240; b, stomata, X 640: c, interstomatal cells (arrow), stomata, long cells, X 320: d, intercostal silica bodies (arrow), costal silica bodies (sb), cork cell (cc), X 416: e, costal silica bodies (arrow), X 640;J microhair, X 1250. NUMBER 62 77

PLATE44.-Adaxial epidermis Eccoptocarpha obconiciventris, Boaler 246: a, overview, X 160; b, stoma, x 640; c, interstomatal cells, long cells, X 320; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), intercostal silica bodies (arrow), X 320; e, microhair, X 125O;f, base of macrohair, X 320. 78 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE45.-Abaxial epidermis Echznochloa haploclada, Johnston s. n., 1 November 1933: a, overview, X 320; b, stoma, X 1250; c, interstornatal cell (arrow), long cells, X 640; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640; e, microhair, X 1250;J intercostal short macrohair, X 640. NUMBER 62 79

PLATE46.-Adaxial epidermis Echinochloa haplocada, Johnston s. n., 1 November 1933: a, okerview, macrohairs, intercostal prickle, X 320; b, stoma, X 1250; c, interstomatal cells (arrow) long cells, X 640; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640; e, intercostal silica body (sb) cork cell (cc). X 1250;f, microhair, X 1250. 80 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE47.-Abaxial epidermis Entolasia imbricatu, Bogdan 4054: a, overview, X 320; b, stoma, X 1250; c, interstoinatal cell, long cells, intercostal cork cell (arrow), prickles, X 640; d, intercostal silica body (arrow), costal silica body (sb), cork cell (cc), X 640; e, microhair, X 640; J base of macrohair, X 320. NUMBER 62 81

PLATE48.-Adaxial epidermis Entolasia imbricata, Bogdan 4054: a, overview, interstoniatal cells, X 320; b, stoma, X 1250; c, intercostal silica body (sb), cork cell (cc), prickles, X 1250; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), long cells, X 640; e, microhair, X 640; f, base of macrohail-, X 320. 82 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE49.-Abaxial epidermis Eriochloa meyerana, Glover, Gwynne, Samuel 454: a, overvie!\., X 320; b, stoma, intercostal silica body (sb), cork cell (cc), X 640; c, interstomatal cell (arrow), X 640; d, long cells, hooks, intercostal cork cells (arrow), X 640; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640;f, microhair, X 640. NUMBER 62 83

PLATE50.-Adaxial epidermis Eriochloa meyerana, Glover, Gwynne, Samuel 454: a, overview, X 320; b, stoma, X 1250; c, interstomatal cells, X 640; d, long cells, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640; e, intercostal silica body (sb), X 1250;f, microhair, X 640. 84 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE51 .-Abaxial epidermis Holcolemma znaequale, Polhill and Paulo 619: a, overview, X 240; b, stomata, interstomatal cell, X 640; c, long cells, prickles, X 320; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), intercostal silica body (arrow), X 640; e, microhair, X 960;f, intercostal macrohair. X 480. NUMBER 62 85

PLATE52.-Adaxial epidermis Holcolemma inaequale, Polhill and Paulo 619 (a),Nicholson 113 (b-f): a, overview, prickles, X 160; b, stoma, X 1625; c, interstomatal cell (arrow), X 832; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 832; e, microhair, X 832; 6 base of macrohair, X 832. 86 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE 53.-Abaxial epidermis Hylebates chlorochloe, A. Bogdan AB3909: a, overview, long cells, X 240; b, stomata, X 960; c, interstomatal cells, long cells, X 640; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640; e, intercostal hook (arrow), microhair (mh), X 640; f, base of macrohair, X 320. NUMBER 62 87

PLATE54.-Adaxial epidermis Hylebates chlorochloe, A. Bogdan AB3909: a, overview, long cells, X 160; 6, stoma, microhair, X 1250; c, interstomatal cells, costal prickles, intercostal hooks (arrow), X 320; d, costal silica bodies (arrow), X 640; e, costal cork cells (cc), silica bodies (sb), intercostal cork cells (arrow), X 640;f, base of macrohair, X 320. 88 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE55.-Abaxial epidermis ,Velinis ambigua, Greenway 14489: a, overview, macrohairs, X 208; b, stoma, X 1625: c, interstomatal cell, prickles, X 416; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 832: e, microhair (arrow), X 832;f,base of macrohair, X 416. NUMBER 62 89

PLATE56.--Adaxial epidermis Melinis ambzgua, Greenwav 14489: a, overview, X 208; 6, stoilla, X 1623; c, interstomatal cell, X 832; d, long cells, X 832; e, prickle, X 832;f, costal silica bodies (art-o~v),X 832. 90 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE 57.-Abaxial epidermis Odontelytrum abyssinicum, Ash 2103: a, overview, X 320; b, stomata, intercostal cork cell (cc), silica body (sb), X 640; c, interstomatal cells, long cells, X 480; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640; e, intercostal silica body (sb), cork cell (cc), X 960;J microhair, X 1250. NUMBER 62 91

PLATE58.-Adaxial epidermis Odontelytrum abyssznicum, Ash 2103: a, overview, X 240; b, stomata, interstoniatal cells, X 960; c, long cells, intercostal prickle (arrow), X 320; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 480; e, intercostal silica body (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640;f, microhair, X 1250. 92 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE59.-Abaxial epidermis Oplzsmenus burmannii, Nicholson 2 13: a, overview, macrohairs, x 160; b, stoma, X 1250; c, interstomatal cell (arrow), long cells, intercostal silica body (sb), X 544; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), intercostal cork cell (arrow), silica body, X 512; e, microhair, X 1230;f, macrohairs, X 272. NUMBER 62 93

PLATE 60.-Adaxial epidermis Oplismenus burmannii, Nicholson 2 13: a, overview, X 160; b, stoma, x 1250; c, long cells, intercostal silica bodies (sb), raised rectangular cell (arrow), X 320; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), intercostal silica body (arrow), X 640; e, microhair (mh),prickle (arrow), X 640;J base of macrohair, X 320. 94 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE 61 .-Abaxial epidermis Panicum trichoides, Gillinan 1462: a, overview, macrohair, X 160; b, stoma, X 1250; c, interstornatal cells (arrow), long cells, X 320; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 480; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 960;J, microhairs (arrow), intercostal silica body (sb), cork cell (cc), X 640. NUMBER 62 95

PLATE 62.-Adaxial epidermis Panicum trichoides, Gillman 1462: a, overview, long cells, X 320; b, stoma, x 960; c, interstomatal cells (arrow), X 480; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), x 960; e, microhair, X 1250;f, macrohair, X 320. 96 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE63.-Abaxial epidermis Paspalzdiurn geminaturn, Ash 1376: a, overview, X 295; b, stoma, X 1285; c, interstoniatal cell, long cells X 416; d, intercosral cork cell (arrow), costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 867; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 1283;J microhair, X 1285. NUMBER 62 97

PLATE64,--.4daxial epidermis Paspalidium geminaturn, Ash 1376: a, overview, X 295; b, stoma, x 1696; c, interstornatal cell (arrow), X 867; d, long cells, interstomatal cell (arrow), X 625; e, prickle, X 1285;f, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 867. 98 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE65.-Abaxial epidermis Paspalurn conjugatum, K.A. Lye 6 17 1 : n, overview, long cells, intercostal silica body (arrow), X 160; b, stoma, X 640; c, interstomatal cells (arrow), long cells, X 320; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc). intercostal silica body (arroiv), X 640; e, niicrohair, X 1250;J marginal prickles, niacrohairs, X 160. NUMBER 62 99

PLATE66.-Adaxial epidermis Paspalurn conjugaturn, K.A. Lye 6171: a, overview, long cells, x 240; b, stoma, x 640; c, interstomatal cells (arrow), X 640; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 1250; e, microhair, x 960;f, base of macrohair, X 320. 100 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE67.-Abaxial epidermis Pennisetum purpureum, Liebenberg 489: a, overview, X 295; b, stoma, interstomatal cell (arrow), X 625; c, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 1285; d, long cells, intercostal silica bodies (sb), hook (arrow), X 867; e, microhair, X 1285;J base of macrohair, X 295. NUMBER 62 101

PLATE68.-Adaxial epidermis Pennisetum purpureum, Liebenberg 489: a, overview, prickles, X 288; b, stoma, X 1063; c, interstomatal cell, long cells, X 544; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), intercostal silica body (arrow), X 576; e, microhair, X 1125;J base of macrohair, X 576. 102 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE69.-Abaxial epidermis Pseudechinolaena polystachya, Mwasumbi, Harris & Tadro 10830: a, oveniew, long cells, X 384; 6, stoma, X 768; c, interstomatal cell, X 768; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 960; e, microhairs (arrow), X 640;f, base of macrohair, X 832. NUMBER 62 103

PLATE70.-Adaxial epidermis Pseudechinolaena polystachya, Mwasumbi, Harris 8c Tadro 10830 (a-c, f);Magogo 1537 (d, e): a, stoma, X 1250; b, long cells, X 320; c, costal silica bodies (arrow), X 1250; d, microhairs, prickles, X 416; e, microhair, X 960;J base of macrohair, X 320. 104 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE7 1 .-Abaxial epidermis Rhynchelytrum kdlimorphon, Milne-Redhead and Taylor 9423: a, overvieiv, prickles, X 240; b, stoma, X 960; c, prickles, microhairs (arrow), X 320; d, long cells, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), intercostal cork cell (arrow), X 640; e, long cells, prickles, X 640;f, microhair, X 960. NUMBER 62 105

PLATE72.-Adaxial epidermis Rhynchelytrum kallzmorphon, Milne-Redhead and Taylor 9423: a, o\er\ieii, X 240; b, stomata, X 640; c, stomata, interstomatal cells, X 320; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640; e, long cells, intercostal cork cell (arrow), X 640;f, microhairs (‘trioM), X 640. 106 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE73.-Abaxial epidermis Sacciolepis africana, Thomas 4544: a, overview, X 4 16; b, stoma, X 1290; c, interstomatal cell, X 832; d, long cells, X 640; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cell (cc), costal papillate prickles (arrow), X 1250;J microhair, X 1250. NUMBER 62 107

PLATE74.-Adaxial epidermis Sacciolepis africana, Thomas 4344: a, overview, X 320; b, stoma, X 1250: c, long cells, X 640; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), papillate prickles (arrow), X 640; e, costal silica body (sb) cork cell (cc), X 1250;f, microhair, X 1625. 108 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE75.-Abaxial epidermis Setaria plicatilis, Hitchcock 24746: a, overview, costal prickles, X 320; 6, stoma, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 1250; c, interstornatal cell (arrow), microhair, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640; d, long cells, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 1250; e, intercostal silica body (arrow), X 1250;J macrohair, X 320. NUMBER 62 109

PLATE76.-Adaxial epidermis Setaria plicatilis, Hitchcock 24746: a, overview, costal prickles, X 320; b, stoma, long cells, X 1250; c, interstomatal cell (arrow), costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640; d, intercostal silica body, X 1250; e, microhair, X 640;f, base of macrohair, X 320. 110 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE77.-Abaxial epidermis Snowdenia petitiana, Thomas 2573: a, overview, macrohair, X 320; b, stomata, interstomatal cell, long cells, costal prickles, X 640; c, costal prickle, long cells, x 640; d, costal silica body, X 1250; e, microhair (arrow), X 2970;J base of macrohair, X 640. NUMBER 62 111

PLATE78.-Adaxial epidermis Snowdenia petitiana, Thomas 2573: a, overview, costal prickles, X 320; b, stomata, interstomatal cell, long cells (near margin), X 640; c, long cells, costal prickle, X 640; d, costal silica body (arrow), long cells, X 1250; e, microhair (near margin), X 1250;f, base of macrohair, X 320. 112 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE79.-Abaxial epidermis Stenotaphrum dzmzdzatum, Allan 145: a, overview, X 320; b, stonid, X 1250; c, intercostal silica body (arrow), costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640; d, intercostal prickle, X 640; e, interstornatal cell (arrow), long cells, X 640;J microhair, X 640. NUMBER 62 113

PLATE80.-Adaxial epidermis Stenotaphrurn dzrnidiaturn, Allan 145: a, overview, X 320: b, stoilla, x 1250: c, interstotnatal cell (arrow), long cells, X 640; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), paired intercostal short cells (arrow), X 640; e, intercostal silica body, X 1250; f, mict~oliair.X 640. 114 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE8 1 .-Abaxial epidermis Stereochlaena caespztosa, Faulkner 1424: a, overview, prickles, x 160; b, long cells, prickles, X 320; c, long cells, intercostal prickles and hooks, X 192; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640; e, costal prickles, microhair (arrow), X 320;f, microhair. X 640. NUMBER 62

PLATE82.-Adaxial epidermis Stereochlaena cuespitma, Faulkner 1424: a, overview, X 160; b, costal /one, pricAles, X 480; c, interstomatal cell, long cells, intercostal hook (arrow), X 640; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640; e, costal silica bodies, cork cells, X 320; J, microhair, X 960. 116 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE83.-Abdxial epidermis Tricholaena tenerffue, Dyson-Hudson 6: a, overview, interstoniatal cell (arroH) X 320; b, stoma, X 1875; c, long cells, intercostal silica body (sb), cork cell (cc), X 640: d, long cells, intercostal prickles, X 640; e, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), X 640:J microhair (arrow), X 960. NUMBER 62 117

PLATE84.-Adaxial epidermis Tricholaena tenerqfue, Dyson-Hudson 6: a, overview, X 320; b, stoma, X 1250; c, interstomatal cell, long cells, X 320; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), intercostal cork cell (arrow), X 640; e, long cells, costal short cells, X 640;f, microhair, X 640. 118 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY

PLATE 85.-Abaxial epidermis C'rochloa mosambicensis, Brooks G 104: a, overview, X 320; b, stoma, x 640: c, interstoniatal cell, X 640; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), intercostal silica body (arrolv), X 640: e, microhair, X 640;f, macrohairs, X 160. NUMBER 62 119

PLATE86.-Adaxial epidermis Urochloa mosambicensis, Brooks G104: a, overview, X 320; b, interstomatal cell, X 640; c, long cells, intercostal hook, X 640; d, costal silica bodies (sb), cork cells (cc), intercostal silica body (arrow), X 1250; e, microhair, X 1250;f, base of macrohair, X 320. Index to Grass Species

Acritochaete volkensii, 8, 32 (pl.), 33 (pl.) 1s;ichne buettnel-i, 7,50 (pl.), 31 (pl.) :\cl-ocei~;is /ii;inioides, 8, .54 (pl.),.5.5 (pl.) Imidetia aruiidinace;~,3, 38 (pl.), 39 (pl.) ;\llotei.opsis iiiigusta, 9, .56 (pl.),57 (pl.) llelinis anibigua, 19, 88 (pl.), 89 (pl.) i1iitIieplioi';i elonpa, 10. 38 (pl.), 39 (pl.) <>doiitel)-ti~uniabyssiiiicicm, 20, 90 (pl.), 9 1 (pl.) Aiwndinella nepiileiisis, 2, 34 (pl.), 35 (pl.) Oplisiiienus bul-niannii, 21. 92 (pl.), 93 (pl.) :\50110p11s flesrloslls, 10, 60 (pl.), 61 ("I.) P;inicuiii triclioides, 2 1, 94 (pl.), 95 (pl.) Bix1ii;iri;i tx-imntlia, 1 1, 62 (pl.), 63 (pl.) 1'asp;iliditirii geniinatiim, 22, 96 (pl.), 97 (pl.) (:erichriis ciliai-is. 1 1, 64 (PI.), 6.5 (pl.) I'asp;ilum corijugatiiiii, 23, 98 (pl.), 99 (pl.) (~1iaetopo:itii\ loi.i, 12, 66 (pl.), 67 (pl.) Periiiisetirm ptripul-euni, 23, 100 (pl.), 10 1 (pl.) <:lilo;ichne ol'lisiiienoides, 13, 68 (pl.), 69 (pl.) Pseuciecliinolaeiia polystach)-a, 24, 102 (pl.), 103 (pl.) ~:Iiloi~oc~~il~~iii~~i~iei-y~~tiic~iiittiuiii, 13, 70 (pl.), 71 (pl.) Kliyiicliel~~tr-i~iiikallirtioi~phon, 2.5, 104 (pl.), 103 (pl.) <:oel;ictiiie afi-ic;ina, 6, 46 (id.), 47 (pl.) S~cciolepisiifiic:iiiii, 2.5, 106 (pl.), 107 (pl.) C)-i~tococciiriiintiltinode, 14, 72 (pl.), 73 (pl.) Setatia pliciitilis, 26, 108 (pl.), 109 (pl.) 1ligit;iri;i tli;igoiialis var. uniglumis, 1.5, 74 (pl.),73 (pl.) Sno\\-deniapetitiaiia, 27, 110 (pl.), 11 1 (pl.) E:ccol'toc~ii.ijli;i obconiciventl-is, 1.5, 76 (pl.),77 (pl.) Stenotaphl-uni diiiiidiatum, 28, 1 12 (pl.), 1 13 (pl.) k:cliiiioclilo:i liaploclada, 16, 78 (pl.), 79 (pl.) Stereoclilaena c;iespitosa, 28, 114 (pl.), 115 (pl.) Eiitol;isia iiiibl-ic;it;i, IT, 80 (pl.), 81 (pl.) 1'ricliolaeiia teiiel-iffae, 29, 1 16 (pl.), 1 1 7 (pl.) F,i~iocIilo;iiiteyeraiia, IT, 82 (pl.),83 (pl.) l'l-iclioptei-\x stolri;in;i, 4. 40 (Ill.), 4 1 (pl.) (;ilgioclilo;i iiidul-iita, 3, 36 (pl.),37 (pl.) l'l-istacliya Imiuaei.tii, 4, 42 (pl.), 43 (pl.) €ietei~;iiitlioeci;iguineensis, 6, 48 (pl.), 49 (pl.) Ll-ochloa mosaiiihicensis, 30, 118 (pl.), 119 (pl.) Holco1eiiiiii;i in;iequ;ile. 18, 84 (pl.), 85 (pl.) Zonoti-iche inanioeiia, 3, 44 (pl.),4.5 (pl.) 1 i)-let,arcs c~lllol~ocllloe,19, 86 (pl.), 87 (pl.)

120