Biomaterials Approaches for Utilizing the Regenerative Potential of the Peripheral Nerve Injury Microenvironment
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Clinical Research in Britain 1950–1980
Wellcome Witnesses to Twentieth Century Medicine CLINICAL RESEARCH IN BRITAIN 1950–1980 A Witness Seminar held at the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine, London, on 9 June 1998 Witness Seminar Transcript edited by L A Reynolds and E M Tansey Introduction by David Gordon Volume 7 – September 2000 CONTENTS Introduction David Gordon i Witness Seminars: Meetings and publications iii Transcript 1 Index 67 INTRODUCTION The British, it is said, are not revolutionary by nature. However, in the last century, we created two organizations that have revolutionized the possibility and reality of clinical research, with worldwide influence. The first was the formation of the Medical Research Council (MRC). The Medical Research Council was the successor of the Medical Research Committee, appointed in 1913 to administer funds provided under the National Health Insurance Act of 1911 (see note 49). While there may be doubt whether or not these funds were intended primarily for research into tuberculosis or for medical research more generally, we cannot doubt the boldness of the step. A government set aside money for medical research, rather than devoting the funds available for a medical problem solely to prevention, diagnosis and treatment. The second revolutionary step was the creation of the National Health Service. The National Health Service Act of 1946 gave Ministers powers not only to conduct research, but also to support the research work of others. The notion of a population- wide, compre h e n s i ve healthcare system, free to the patient at the point of consultation, and able to support the clinical infrastructure of research, was truly revolutionary, and might have been impossible were it not for the appetite for social change created by the Second World War. -
The Middlesex Orthopaedic Department 1920-2005
The Middlesex Hospital Orthopaedic Department 1920 – 2005 The 85 years 1 Contents 1. Charles Bell (1774-1842) The Middlesex Hospital Sean Hughes Medical School 2. A Brief Overview of The Middlesex Hospital 1745 – Michael Edgar 2005 3. Blundell Bankart (1879 –1951) Roger Emery 4. Phillip Wiles (1899 – 1967) A. Total Hip Replacement James Scott B. Contribution to Scoliosis Surgery Michael Edgar 5. Phillip Newman (1912 – 1994) A. Sir Winston Churchill’s Hip Fracture: Liam Mcloughlin The Middlesex Hospital June 1962 B. Spinal Surgery Michael Edgar 6. Rodney Sweetnam (1927 – 2013) Michael Benson 7. Nursing in The Middlesex Orthopaedic Department Fiona Hamblin 8. The Athletes’ Clinic Fares Haddad Michael Edgar Reflections on being a Registrar in the Patrick Boland Athletes’ Clinic 9. The Last Fifteen years of The Middlesex Orthopaedic Department 1991 – 1996 Michael Edgar 1995 – 2005 Justin Cobb 10. The Middlesex in Africa Chris Lavy 11. The Contributions of The Middlesex Orthopaedic Steve Cannon Department to the National and International Scene 2 The Middlesex Hospital 2000, (taken after a fire drill). 3 Chapter 1 Sir Charles Bell (1774 – 1842) and The Middlesex Hospital Medical School Sean Hughes Charles Bell (1774 – 1842), a surgeon and anatomist, was also an artist and philosopher. He was born in Fountainbridge, an area of Edinburgh, the youngest of four sons of the Reverend William Bell (1704 –1779), who died when Charles was five years old. His mother, Margaret Morris, was William Bell’s second wife and was the elder daughter of an Episcopalian clergyman in St Andrews, a seaside town north-east of Edinburgh. Her father was the head of the Episcopalian Church of Scotland, the Primus, in his time, reflecting the strong religious upbringing in Charles’s early development. -
Here Were No Dislocations in Both Groups
1 Hip (including infection) 36 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO PREDICT PERIPROSTHETIC INFECTION AFTER TOTAL HIP REPLACEMENT Z. Arshad1, B. Davies1, A. Carr2, P. Walmsley3 1University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 2University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, 3University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom Background: The prevalence of peri-prosthetic joint infection (PJI) after THR is expected to rise in line with increasing prevalence of hip arthroplasty.This will be associated with significant morbidity to the patient, and cost to the healthcare provider. Treatment and diagnosis is difficult, making targeted prevention key. To facilitate this, we used artificial intelligence to build a tool to predict PJI within one year of a THR using variables that could be collected prior to operation. Methods: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data for 3349 patients who underwent a THR within Fife was undertaken. 15 predictor variables that could be collected during pre-operative outpatient clinics were included in the final analysis. These included clinical, demographic, and procedural factors. The random forests algorithm was trained and performance assessed using OOB metrics. Results: The overall accuracy was calculated as 93.1% (95% CI 88.8-97.4). Sensitivity and specificity were found to be 87.4% (95% CI 81.2-93.6) and 94.1% (95% CI 86.5-100.0), respectively. The positive and negative predictive values of the tool were 44% and 99.5%, respectively. The model highlighted that increases in SF-36 score, age, harris hip score, and serum hemoglobin decrease the probability of infection. BMI was positively associated with infection rate, however. -
Clinical Research in Britain, 1950-1980
Wellcome Witnesses to Twentieth Century Medicine CLINICAL RESEARCH IN BRITAIN 1950–1980 A Witness Seminar held at the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine, London, on 9 June 1998 Witness Seminar Transcript edited by L A Reynolds and E M Tansey Introduction by David Gordon Volume 7 – September 2000 ©The Trustee of the Wellcome Trust, London, 2000 First published by the Wellcome Trust, 2000 The Wellcome Trust is a registered charity, no. 210183. ISBN 978 184129 016 4 All volumes are freely available online at www.history.qmul.ac.uk/research/modbiomed/wellcome_witnesses/ Please cite as: Reynolds L A, Tansey E M. (eds) (2000) Clinical Research in Britain, 1950–1980. Wellcome Witnesses to Twentieth Century Medicine, vol. 7. London: Wellcome Trust. Key Front cover photographs, L to R from the top: Sir Richard Bayliss (1917–2006) Sir John Gray Professor Sir Stanley Peart, Professor Richard Himsworth Dr Billie Williams, Dr Lise Wilkinson Dr Peter Williams, Dr Sheila Howarth (Lady McMichael, 1920–2000) Lord Walton of Detchant (chair), Sir Christopher Booth Professor Guy Scadding (1907–99), Dr David Gordon Sir Douglas Black (1913–2002), Sir John Gray Back cover photographs, L to R from the top: Professor Donald Munro, Dr Mary Cotes Dr Brandon Lush Professor Gert Brieger Dr Gordon Cook Dr Keith Kirkham Professor Arthur Buller Sir Raymond Hoffenberg (1923–2007) CONTENTS Introduction David Gordon i Witness Seminars: Meetings and publications iii Transcript 1 Index 67 INTRODUCTION The British, it is said, are not revolutionary by nature. However, in the last century, we created two organizations that have revolutionized the possibility and reality of clinical research, with worldwide influence.