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Geosparql Query Tool a Geospatial Semantic Web Visual Query Tool

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Geosparql Query Tool a Geospatial Semantic Web Visual Query Tool GeoSPARQL Query Tool A Geospatial Semantic Web Visual Query Tool Ralph Grove1, James Wilson2, Dave Kolas3 and Nancy Wiegand4 1Department of Computer Science, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, U.S.A. 2Department of Integrated Science and Technology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, U.S.A. 3Raytheon BBN Technologies, Columbia, Maryland, U.S.A. 4Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A. Keywords: Semantic Web, Geographic Information Systems, GeoSPARQL, SPARQL, RDF. Abstract: As geospatial data are becoming more widely used through mobile devices and location sensitive applications, the potential value of linked open geospatial data in particular has grown, and a foundation is being developed for the Semantic Geospatial Web. Protocols such as GeoSPARQL and stSPARQL extend SPARQL in order to take advantage of spatial relationships inherent in geospatial data. This paper presents GeoQuery, a graphical geospatial query tool that is based on Semantic Web technologies. GeoQuery presents a map-based user interface to geospatial search functions and geospatial operators. Rather than using a proprietary geospatial database, GeoQuery enables queries against any GeoSPARQL endpoint by translating queries expressed via its graphical user interface into GeoSPARQL queries, allowing geographic information scientists and other Web users to query linked data without knowing GeoSPARQL syntax. 1 INTRODUCTION Tool (GeoQuery)1, a graphical geospatial query tool that is based on Semantic Web technologies. The Semantic Web has the potential to greatly GeoQuery translates queries expressed through its increase the usability of publicly available data by graphical user interface into GeoSPARQL queries, allowing access to open data sets in linked format which can then be executed against any over the Web. W3C standards such as RDF (Manola GeoSPARQL endpoint. With GeoQuery, geographic 2004) and SPARQL (Prud’hommeaux, 2008) enable information scientists can query linked data and see standard access to data stored in triple stores that are map output without knowing GeoSPARQL syntax. accessible over the Web at SPARQL endpoints. The Linked Open Data (Bizer, 2009) movement adds 1.1 Motivation best practices for publishing data in order to maximize availability and usability. The availability of linked open geospatial data and As geospatial data are becoming more widely the Semantic Web will offer the potential for used through mobile devices and location sensitive enhancing the value of geospatial data to the user in applications, the potential value of linked open several ways. geospatial data in particular has grown, and a Data Search and Discovery: Semantic Web foundation is being developed for the Semantic protocols could be used to dynamically discover Geospatial Web (Egenhofer, 2002). Protocols such and examine geospatial datasets over the Web, so as GeoSPARQL (Perry, 2010) and stSPARQL that newly created or revised datasets will be of (Kyzirakos, 2012) extend SPARQL, the standard immediate value. The geospatial features of RDF Semantic Web query language, in order to take GeoSPARQL could also allow spatial operations advantage of spatial relationships inherent in to be incorporated into queries over metadata geospatial data. contained in catalogs of available open data during In this paper we present the GeoSPARQL Query ___________________________________________________________________________________ 1 http://geoquery.cs.jmu.edu Grove R., Wilson J., Kolas D. and Wiegand N.. 33 GeoSPARQL Query Tool - A Geospatial Semantic Web Visual Query Tool. DOI: 10.5220/0004797800330040 In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies (WEBIST-2014), pages 33-40 ISBN: 978-989-758-024-6 Copyright c 2014 SCITEPRESS (Science and Technology Publications, Lda.) WEBIST2014-InternationalConferenceonWebInformationSystemsandTechnologies a search. provided web-based endpoint. However, SPARQL Integration of Data Sets: SPARQL provides the and GeoSPARQL queries are not easy to write ability to integrate data services within queries, so correctly without training. Prior attempts to that a user can perform logical queries of data from overcome the difficulty of learning SPARQL multiple servers without regard to the details of include, for example, a visual SPARQL editor accessing multiple datasets and their respective (Collustra, 2013). It might also be possible to formats. One query, for example, might perform approach this problem through a natural language spatial operations on data obtained from an open interface to GeoSPARQL queries. However, natural map service, a public repository, and a corporate language processing remains a difficult, not data store. completely solved problem. Potential Applications of Semantic Web GeoQuery is a first step towards developing a Technologies: Beyond direct geospatial queries universal query tool for the Geospatial Semantic (e.g., show me what public buildings exist with the Web. GeoQuery demonstrates that it is feasible to bounds of this city), techniques associated with the execute geospatial queries based upon the Semantic Semantic Web such as ontological reasoning and Web infrastructure using a graphical user interface. machine intelligence offer the potential for smarter This ability is of value to geospatial professionals user interfaces that can anticipate queries and who need access to the data but are not trained in integrate geospatial reasoning into emerging Semantic Web technologies. Because GeoSPARQL technologies such as automated vehicles and queries are viewable in GeoQuery, users can also location aware phones. learn about the GeoSPARQL language. The last ten years have seen tremendous growth in the development and utilization of the Internet in Geographic Information Systems (GIS). This growth 2 RELATED WORK is taking place in standard desktop software that is able to access geospatial data, maps, and The Ordnance Survey in Great Britain pioneered geoprocessing services through the Internet, as well Semantic Web work for geospatial data, including as web-based frontends to these same Internet based the use of linked data (e.g., The Linked Data Web, resources. 2013) and the building of geospatial ontologies (e.g., Currently, geospatial data are just starting to be Denaux et al., 2011). The Ordnance Survey held the represented in RDF (e.g., Varanka, 2012, and work first Terra Cognita geospatial workshop at the 2006 by the Ordnance Survey), and the full potential of International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC) to geospatial data available over the Web has yet to be add spatial data to the Semantic Web. The Spatial realized. Open standards such as those developed by Ontology Community of Practice (SOCoP), along 2 the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) have with others, have continued the series with the fifth played an important role in facilitating these one (Terra Cognita, 2012) being held with ISWC developments. Most of these developments have 2012. been an evolution of existing GIS technologies, with In the United States, the Geological Survey only minor explorations into semantic technologies. (USGS) is doing work on linked data and ontologies The most successful developments have been in (Geospatial Semantics and Ontology, 2013), simplifying the access to distributed environments, including a recent workshop (Varanka, 2012). The allowing non-specialists to take advantage of USGS has translated some of The National Map data mapping on the Internet. The small forays into into RDF format. Transferring spatial data into RDF geospatial semantics on the Internet have mostly is a new area that the authors are also working on. been useable only by experts. Meanwhile, to handle nonspatial RDF data, leading Conventional GIS allow users to explore, via a database companies, such as Oracle and DB2, have graphical user interface, datasets that are stored in added RDF storage and processing to their relational proprietary or specialized data storage formats. database systems e.g., (Das et al., 2004, Ma et al., Now, with linked data in RDF, the data 2008). Because query processing of geospatial data representation format is open and standard. The in RDF is still new, Garbis et al. (2013) recently GeoSPARQL query language is a new standard with developed a benchmark to judge the performance of which anyone can pose queries to data over a several RDF stores for geospatial querying. The ___________________________________________________________________________________ database community is also interested in temporal 2 http://www.opengeospatial.org/ aspects of the Semantic Web, and a bibliography has 34 GeoSPARQLQueryTool-AGeospatialSemanticWebVisualQueryTool been compiled that also includes spatial references geospatial entities, and a set of query functions for (Grandi, 2012). processing relationships between the geospatial Koubarakis et al. (2012) delineate areas of entities. The ontology is derived from well-used and research for linked geospatial data, of which one well-understood concepts from the OGC and uses area is user interfaces. They pose questions as to much of the same terminology as other OGC whether user interfaces should be based on natural standards. The ontology is intentionally small so language or be graphical, what high level APIs that it can be easily understood and easily attached would ease rapid development, and whether to an appropriate domain ontology. interfaces could be built
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