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International Standards for Spatial Data Infrastructures

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® International Standards for Spatial Data Infrastructures Sam A. Bacharach [email protected] +1 703-352-3938 Copyright 2006, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC) WhatWhat isis thethe OGC?OGC? • Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) – Global, not-for-profit, international voluntary consensus standards organization – More than 335 industry, government, research and university member organizations – Founded in 1994, Incorporated in US, UK, Australia OGCOGC Vision:Vision: AA worldworld inin whichwhich allall peoplepeople andand institutionsinstitutions benefitbenefit fromfrom spatialspatial informationinformation resourcesresources andand supportingsupporting technologytechnology services.services. ® Helping the World to Communicate Geographically 2 Copyright 2006, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC) TheThe NutsNuts andand BoltsBolts ofof thatthat VisionVision Data Civil Analysis & Emergency First Providers Authorities Support Mgmt Personnel Responders Common User Defined Interoperable Operating Pictures Private Data and Services Local Data and Services State Data and Services Federal Data and Services Tribal Data and Services Information Architecture: Service Architecture: Models, Transforms, Application Standards, Certified Services for Accessing, Schemas and Dictionaries Processing, Presenting Information ® Geospatial Interoperability Framework development is a key focus of ongoing OGC Helping the World to Communicate Geographically 3 TestbedsCopyright 2006, to Open meet Geospatial cross-organizational Consortium, Inc. (OGC) enterprise challenges. OGCOGC –– AA SnapshotSnapshot • Membership is world wide – 35 countries & 6 continents – 142 European members – 35 Asia-Pacific members • Eighteen approved, publicly and freely available Implementation Specifications • Many more candidate standards in work – Sensor Web Enablement (4) in final edits now • OGC Reference Model defines interoperable net-centric geo architecture ® Helping the World to Communicate Geographically 4 Copyright 2006, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC) WhyWhy Standards?Standards? • Reduces Development Risk: – Technical – Schedule – Cost • Enables interoperability – Capability to communicate, execute programs, or transfer data among various functional units in a manner that requires the user to have little or no knowledge of the unique characteristics of those units– ISO 2382-1. – "The ability for a system or components of a system to provide information portability and interapplication, cooperative process control. Interoperability, in the context of the OpenGIS Specification, is software components operating reciprocally (working with each other) … OpenGIS Guide • Lowers operating and maintenance costs ® Helping the World to Communicate Geographically 5 Copyright 2006, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC) StandardsStandards RealityReality • It is a big, ugly world out there and the standards business is every bit as competitive as the software business – We compete over members – We compete over functional areas – We compete over mindshare • OGC is the world’s premier geospatial standards developing organization (SDO) of implementation interface specifications, but: – THAT IS THE ONLY PLACE WE CLAIM EXPERTISE • We have extended our internal consensus process to our external life too and forged working relationships with a number of other SDOs – some overlapping, some parallel in other fields and some merely tangential to our purposes ® Helping the World to Communicate Geographically 6 Copyright 2006, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC) WhyWhy Partner?Partner? • Standards defeat software stovepipes, but we must be careful not to create standards stovepipes • No single organization possesses the knowledge to do it all • Geospatial is part of virtually all human experience: – Everything happens somewhere at sometime • Location maybe so trivial that we don’t need a computer • Location value maybe so low we cannot afford a computer • Many things become possible as costs fall and usability goes up • Standards Development Organizations (SDOs) have to ‘walk the walk’ themselves – it is not enough to rail at vendors and users to ‘open up and standardize’ and then stay closed ourselves ® Helping the World to Communicate Geographically 7 Copyright 2006, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC) OGCOGC AllianceAlliance PartnershipsPartnerships • World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) • Digital Geospatial Information Working Group (DGIWG) • International Organization for Standards (ISO) TC 211 • OASIS • Object Management Group (OMG) • Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) • Geospatial Information & Technology Association (GITA) • Web3D • Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization (SISO) • International Alliance for Interoperability (IAI) • IEEE Technical Committee 9 (Sensor Web) • Spatial Data Infrastructure organizations (National, Regional, Global) • Taxonomy Data Working Group, others ® Helping the World to Communicate Geographically 8 Copyright 2006, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC) WhatWhat OGCOGC gainsgains fromfrom partners?partners? • We rely on ISO TC 211 for a foundation – What’s a feature? A spatial reference system? • We rely on the World Wide Web Consortium for: – The framework of web services, Semantic language (OWL-S) – XML • We rely on OASIS for: – Common Alert Protocol (CAP) – Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) • We rely on CEN Technical Committee 287 and DGIWG for: – Resources and sophisticated user understanding and requirements • We assist our other partners – IAI – NIBS on Building Information Model, CAD/CAM – IEEE 1451 for Sensor standards – ISO TC 204 for telematics ® Helping the World to Communicate Geographically 9 Copyright 2006, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC) OGCOGC ’’ss ApproachApproach forfor AdvancingAdvancing InteroperabilityInteroperability • Interoperability Program (IP ) - a global, innovative, rapid hands-on prototyping and testing program designed to accelerate interface development and validation, and bring interoperability to the market • Specification Development Program –Consensus standards process similar to other Industry consortia (World Wide Web Consortium, OMA etc.). • Outreach and Community Adoption Program – education and training, encourage take up of OGC specifications, business development, communications programs ® Helping the World to Communicate Geographically 10 Copyright 2006, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC) MarketMarket ImplementationImplementation AED Graphics AG…AED SICAD…AutoDesk, Inc….Berit, a.s…Blue Marble Geographics…C-Plan AG…Cadcorp Ltd…Caris…Carmenta AB…CCGIS…Chesapeake• OGC consensus Analytics Corp…Choibartispecifications t.E…Christian are Michelsen Researchfreely AS…Cogent available Logic Corp…Compusult Ltd…con terra Applied Information Technologies Ltd…Cubewerx…DeLorme Publising, Inc…Demis bv…DM Solutions Group…eSpatial…ESRI…Finnish Geodetic Institute…Galdos Systems Inc…GDC… GE Energy…GEF-RIS AG…Genaware…GeoArctic Ltd…Geodan Holding BV…Geometry Party Ltd…Geoserver…Geotask AG…Global Energy Consulting Engineers• Several Pvt. Ltd…GlobeXplorer…HDM…Hitachi hundred commercial Ltd…IBM and Corp…InfoTechopen Enterprisessource Ltd…Innogistic products Software implement Plc…INT, Inc…In OpenGISteractive Instruments GmbH…Intergraph Corp…International Interfaces Inc…IONIC Software s.a…iter.dk…JAVASpecifications: GIS Brazil…Laser-Scan…lat/lon…Luci http://www.opengeospatial.org/resource/productsad NV…M.O.S.S Computer Grafik Systeme GmbH…Mancke-Software…MapInfo Corp…MiraMon…MIT…Moxia Media Inc…Munisys Technologies Pty Ltc…NEC Geographic Products Inc…Naval Research Laboratory…Norkart…Novo Group…NTT Data Corp…ObjectFX Corp…Obvient•Compliance Strategies…Offshore testing Systemsand certification Ltd…Oracle Corp…Pacific program Geotech Systems•http://www.opengeospatial.org/resource/testing Ltd…PCI Geomatics…Pixxures…Polexis, Inc…rasdaman…Refractions Research Inc…Safe Software…Shenzhen Careland Information Systems Co., Ltd…Skylab Mobilesystems…Snowflake Software…Social Change Online Pty. Ltd…SRI International…SRP GmbH…STAR INFORMATIC s.a…SuperGeo Techologies…SWBB GmbH…TatukGIS…Telcontar…The Carbon Project…University ® of Minnesota…US Federal Geographic Data Committee…otheHelping the Worldrs to Communicate Geographically 11 Copyright 2006, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC) EnablingEnabling anan InternationalInternational GeospatialGeospatial ““DialDial ToneTone ”” Just as http:// is the dial tone of the World Wide Web, and html / xml are the standard encodings, the spatial web is enabled by OGC standards, such as… Web Map Service (OGC & ISO ) Style Layer Descriptor (OGC) Feature Model & GML (OGC & ISO ) Web Feature Service (OGC & ISO ) Web Terrain Service (OGC) Web Coverage Service (OGC) Web Map Context (OGC) Catalogue (OGC ) Metadata (ISO 19115 & OGC) Sensor Web (OGC) ® Helping the World to Communicate Geographically 12 Copyright 2006, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC) Web Feature Web Coverage Server Server Web Map Server With OGC web services, an analyst or operator can dynamically access that data which is relevant to the task at hand, directly from the authoritative data steward, using ® a variety of tools. Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Web Map Service (WMS) can get multiple maps Elevation Cloud Cover Borders Cities Multiple overlaid maps One GetMap request: ® Helping the World to Communicate Geographically Web Feature Service (WFS-T) gets actual feature data from servers, and supports transactions Each layer is data , not Borders Multiple merely a view
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