2007 Rapid Excavation & Tunneling Conference

Sheraton Centre Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada

Sponsor: The Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc.

Co-sponsored by: Construction Institute of ASCE

FEATURING:

Advance Registration Exhibit Information Field Trip Hotel Information Short Course Technical Program Tours Cover photo courtesy of Brian Fulcher 2007 RETC HOTEL RESERVATION FORM

Rapid Excavation & Tunneling Conference Sheraton Centre Toronto • 123 Queen Street West • Toronto, ON, M5H 2M9 Canada Online Room Reservations www.retc.org • Fax: 416-947-4801

HOUSING INSTRUCTIONS PLEASE PRINT CLEARLY • TYPE OR PRINT CLEARLY. Occupant: ______Any incomplete information will delay processing of your form. Employer: ______Submit one room request per form. LAST FIRST M.I. If additional forms are needed, please Address: ______photocopy this form. City: ______State: ______Zip: ______• Requests must be submitted on this official form or online at www.retc.org. Country: ______No telephone reservations will be accepted. Daytime Phone #: ______Extension: ______• Only reservations received by Friday, May 18, 2007 will be processed. Call The Sheraton Fax #: ______Centre Toronto for availability after the cut-off date at 416-361-1000. Reservations E-mail: ______will be processed based on availability.

Arrival Date: ___MO_N_TH_____D_AY____YE_AR __ Departure Date: ___M_ON_T_H ____DA_Y____YE_AR__ • Prior to May 18, 2007 all reservation changes and cancellations must be made in writing and processed through The Sheraton Centre Toronto. After May 18, 2007, please call The OTHER OCCUPANT NAMES The Sheraton Centre Toronto directly at 416-361-1000. Share With: ______Share With: ______• A first night’s deposit is required to process your room reservation by credit card. Share With: ______Please verify your departure date as the hotel will charge you a fee for early departure. TYPE OF ACCOMMODATIONS NEEDED  • Rates subject to 14% occupancy tax. Single (1 Bed, 1 Person) $194.00 US* $229.00 CAN  Double (1 Bed, 2 People) $194.00 US* $229.00 CAN • Cancellations must be made 72 hours  prior to arrival to avoid one night’s room and Club Level $245.00 US* $289.00 CAN tax charge. * US Rates are an approximation based on the exchange rate. The amounts are subject to change. • Checks sent to The Sheraton Centre Toronto   must be in certified funds or a business check, Smoking Non-smoking no personal checks will be accepted. Deposit must be received at least 14 days in advance of arrival. No checks will be PAYMENT accepted at check-in.     American Express Diners Club Discover MasterCard • The Sheraton Centre Toronto does NOT send  confirmations. On-line reservations are VISA confirmed by e-mail. Card Number: ______

Expiration Date: ___MO_N_TH____Y_E_AR ___

Name (as printed on credit card): ______Hotel Reservation Deadline: Signature: ______Friday, May 18, 2007 SPECIAL ROOM REQUIREMENTS  General Information

HOTEL RESERVATION DEADLINE : May 18, 2007 ADVANCE REGISTRATION DEADLINE : May 18, 2007 LOCATION INFORMATION processing fee. There are no refunds for no-shows and cancellations All technical sessions, social events, short courses and postmarked after May 18, 2007. Registrants are responsible for cancellation exhibit will be conducted at: of their hotel accommodations. Substitutions will be accepted at no charge. The Sheraton Centre Toronto 123 Queen Street West Toronto, ON M5H 2M9 Canada PASSPORT REQUIREMENTS Please note that the U.S. Department of State has announced changes Phone: 416-361-1000 to the passport requirements for international travel. As of January 23, Fax: 416-947-4854 2007, all individuals including children and newborns, traveling to and Website: www.sheraton.com/centretoronto from Canada, Mexico, Central and South America, the Caribbean and Bermuda MUST have a current Passport to enter or re-enter the REGISTRATION INFORMATION United States. NO EXCEPTIONS! Please complete the Advance Registration form on the inside back cover and return no later than May 18, 2007 to: AIRPORT INFORMATION: MAIL TO: RETC Registration Toronto International Pearson Airport (YYZ) is located 22 Km/15 miles 175 South West Temple, Suite 510 West of downtown Toronto. Transfer services by limousine or taxi is Salt Lake City, Utah 84101 approximately 30-45 minutes. PHONE: 1-888-221-9425 Transportation Options: Cost (CAD) Airport Express Bus FAX: 801-355-0250 $16.45 one way, $28.35 round-trip (Picks up and drops off at the Sheraton Centre every 30 minutes, 24-hours) ONLINE: www.retc.org Taxi $35.00 one way (approximately) Limousine $45.00 one way (approximately) After May 18, 2007 on-site registration fees apply. Full payment MUST accompany the completed Advance Registration Form. When registering by phone, fax, or online DO NOT SEND ANOTHER COPY BY MAIL. LETTER OF INVITATION SME will send a letter of invitation to paid registrants upon request. Confirmations will be e-mailed to the individual at address provided on form . Invitations are intended to help potential delegates raise travel funds or obtain a visa. It is not a commitment from the Conference or the GENERAL MEETING QUESTIONS organizers to provide any financial support. Letters of invitation must Contact SME Meetings Dept. at 303-973-9550. include: attendee name, job title, company name, mailing addresses (Post Office Boxes are not accepted), city/province, state, country zip/postal code, PURCHASING TICKETS phone and fax number, and beginning and end dates of travel. Also provide the address, phone and fax number of your embassy. Send your request to: Attendees must register to purchase tickets for social functions and/or SME Meetings Dept., 8307 Shaffer Parkway, Littleton, CO 80127. E-mail: tours, however, one registrant may purchase more than one ticket. [email protected].

REGISTRATION POLICY All attendees and authors of the 2007 Rapid Excavation & Tunneling ATTENTION EXHIBITORS Conference & Exhibit are required to register. Nonmember authors may Exhibitor registration forms have been provided in your exhibitor service register at the member rate. Badges are required for admittance to the manual. Booth personnel of exhibiting firms should NOT use the forms technical sessions, exhibit, and social functions. contained in the conference kit. For questions, or to obtain the exhibit forms contact RETC Exhibit Management at 303-948-4213.

STUDENT REGISTRATION POLICY Student registration for the 2007 Rapid Excavation & Tunneling HOUSING INFORMATION Conference & Exhibit must meet eligibility requirements. SME requires Hotel accommodations are available at The Sheraton Centre Toronto. that an individual must be attending a college/university/higher education Please complete the Hotel Reservation form on the inside front cover and institute on a full-time basis to qualify for student registration rates. SME RETURN NO LATER THAN MAY 18, 2007 cannot process student registrations without evidence that you are a full- The Sheraton Centre Toronto Phone: 416-361-1000 time student. Students enrolled in 12 or more semester credit hours are 123 Queen Street West Fax: 416-947-4801 considered full-time. When sending your registration to SME Registration Toronto, ON M5H 2M9 Canada Online: www.retc.org Dept., please provide confirmation from your education institution. DO NOT send your housing form to SME headquarters. A one-night Acceptable confirmation includes: transcript, most recent report card, or deposit, by credit card, must accompany the completed hotel official school registration documents. Student registration without this reservation form. Rates are in Canadian dollars. information will not be processed. SPONSORSHIP OPPORTUNITIES CANCELLATION/SUBSTITUTION POLICY If your goal is to position your organization as a major player in the If circumstances require you to cancel your RETC registration, you must tunneling business…let the RETC be your source for marketing do so in writing. Written notice must be sent to RETC Registration, 175 success. Several events and sponsorship opportunities are available. For South West Temple, Suite 510 Salt Lake City, Utah 84101. Cancellations details and availability contact: Heather Beim at [email protected] or postmarked on or before May 18, 2007 will receive a refund, less a $100direct line 303-948-4216. Calendar of Events All events take place in The Sheraton Centre Toronto unless otherwise noted.

SATURDAY, JUNE 9 TUESDAY, JUNE 12 TOUR REGISTRATION 7:30AM–5:00PM Concourse Level Niagara Falls 9:00AM–5:00PM AUTHORS’ COFFEE 7:30AM–8:30AM VIP Room SUNDAY, JUNE 10 SPEAKER READY ROOM 7:30AM–3:00PM VIP Room SHORT COURSE EXHIBITS 11:00AM–2:00PM Sheraton/Osgoode Hall 4:00PM–6:00PM Short Course Registration 7:00AM–9:00AM Concourse Level Short Course Coffee Breaks 7:15AM–9:00AM TECHNICAL SESSIONS 10:00AM–10:30AM Design & Planning of 8:30AM–11:30AM Grand West 2:30PM–3:00PM Underground Projects II Mechanical Hard Rock and 8:00AM–5:00PM Sequential Excavation Methods 8:30AM–11:30AM Grand Center Soft Ground Tunneling TBM Case Studies 8:30AM–11:30AM Dominion Ballroom Technologies Tunnel Lining Technology 8:30AM–11:30AM Civic Ballroom Short Course Luncheon 12 Noon–1PM Civic Ballroom Mega Projects 1:30PM–5:00PM Grand West RETC COMMITTEE MEETINGS Pressurized Face Tunneling II 1:30PM–5:00PM Grand Center NAT 2008 Organizing 9:00AM–Noon Elgin Room Rock Tunneling Project 1:30PM–5:00PM Dominion Ballroom Committee Mtg. Case Histories Executive Committee Mtg. 10:00AM–11:00AM City Hall Shafts and Open Cut – Design 1:30PM–5:00PM Civic Ballroom International Committee Mtg. 11:00AM–Noon City Hall and Construction

SPECIAL PROGRAM SOCIAL FUNCTIONS Better Contracting for Underground 1:30PM–4:00PM UCA of SME Breakfast 7:00AM–8:30AM Conference Room D&E Construction Exhibit Hall Coffee Break 11:00AM–12 Noon Sheraton/Osgoode Hall REGISTRATION 2:00PM–5:00PM Concourse Level RETC Dinner 6:30PM–7:15PM Grand Foyer Head Table Reception TOUR RETC Dinner 6:30PM–7:15PM Grand Ballroom East Exploring Toronto by Land & Sea 9:00AM–4:00PM Depart from Hotel Cash Bar Reception RETC Dinner 7:15PM–10:30PM Grand Ballroom East MONDAY, JUNE 11 TOUR REGISTRATION 7:30AM–5:00PM Concourse Level McMichael Canadian Art 9:30AM–3:30PM Departs Hotel Lobby AUTHORS’ COFFEE 7:30AM–8:30AM VIP Room Collection in Kleinburg SPEAKER READY ROOM 7:30AM–3:00PM VIP Room WEDNESDAY, JUNE 13 EXHIBITS 5:00PM–7:00PM Sheraton/Osgoode Hall REGISTRATION 7:30AM–5:00PM Concourse Level TECHNICAL SESSIONS AUTHORS’ COFFEE 7:30AM–8:30AM VIP Room Design & Planning of 8:30AM–11:30AM Grand West Underground Projects I SPEAKER READY ROOM 7:30AM–3:00PM VIP Room Difficult Ground Conditions I 8:30AM–11:30AM Grand Center EXHIBITS 11:00AM–2:00PM Sheraton/Osgoode Hall Focus on Canada 8:30AM–11:30AM Civic Ballroom COMMITTEE MEETING Pressurized Face Tunneling I 8:30AM–11:30AM Dominion Ballroom UCA of SME Executive 11:30AM–2:00PM Elgin Geotechnical and Ground 1:30PM–5:00PM Grand West Committee Meeting Improvement TECHNICAL SESSIONS Innovation in Underground 1:30PM–5:00PM Grand Center Construction Difficult Ground Conditions II 8:30AM–11:30AM Grand West New and Future Projects I 1:30PM–5:00PM Dominion Ballroom New and Future Projects II 8:30AM–11:30AM Grand Center TBM Case Studies 1:30PM–5:00PM Civic Ballroom Tunnel and Shaft Rehabilitation 8:30AM–11:30AM Dominion Ballroom

SOCIAL FUNCTIONS SOCIAL FUNCTIONS Welcoming Luncheon 11:30AM–1:15PM Grand Ballroom East Exhibit Hall Coffee Break 11:00AM–Noon Sheraton/Osgoode Hall Exhibit Hall Hosted Reception 5:00PM–7:00PM Sheraton/Osgoode Hall FIELD TRIPS TOUR Niagara Tunnel Project Noon–6:00PM Departs Hotel Lobby Royal Ontario Museum 10:00AM–2:00PM Departs from Hotel York Region YDSS Noon–6:00PM Departs Hotel Lobby

WEDNESDAY–THURSDAY, JUNE 13-14 FIELD TRIP Nickel Rim South Project Noon, 6/13 – Departs Hotel Lobby (overnight tour) 4:00PM, 6/14 Short Course

Mechanical Hard Rock and Soft Ground Tunneling Technologies

You do not need to register for the RETC Conference to attend the short This one-day short course will cover all aspects of mechanical tunneling in course. Conversely, short course registration does not include admittance to hard rock and soft ground/soils, including: site investigations and laboratory the RETC Conference. testing geotechnical data and baseline report preparation, hard rock TBM technology, Earth Pressure Balance machines, Slurry Shields, TBM selection • To register, fill-out the Advance Registration Form. criteria for hard rock and soft ground/soils, ground support, roof bolting and • Space is limited, so register early. pipe umbrella technologies, ground stabilization and grouting, segmental • Course is subject to cancellation. concrete liners, roadheader technology developments, microtunneling techniques and innovations, tunnel utilities and linear plant, and TBM Date: Sunday, June 10, 2007 performance and cutter cost estimation. Time: 8:00AM – 5:00PM Course topics will be presented by prominent people from industry and Location: Sheraton Centre Toronto academia including: Levent Ozdemir Fee: $250 Member Don Deere $350 Nonmember Gary Brierly $200 Student Greg Raines Includes: Morning and Afternoon Coffee Breaks Randy Essex Lunch Martin Herrenknecht Course Notes/Materials Ulrich Maidl Continuing Education Units (.7 CEU) Franz Walshoffer Certification of Completion Brian Fulcher Werner Suhm Alan Ringen Bruno Reimueller

Special Program Better Contracting for Underground Construction Manual Date: Sunday, June 10, 2007 Time: 1:30PM – 4:00PM Location: Sheraton Centre Toronto Fee: $150.00

SME has began an update of the Better Contracting for Underground Construction Manual, which was first published in 1974. The Manual has been an important industry document, helping owners, engineers, and contractors perform underground projects more safely, innovativesly, and effectively. However, it is sorely in need of a revision to reflect lessons learned over the past 30 years, as well as new practices and technologies.

The revised version will address all aspects of contracting for underground construction projects. Many of the chapters have already been drafted. This session is being held to gather feedback on the draft chapters, identify key issues around each topic that may not have been addressed, and reach consensus on the recommendations that the industry should make regarding each topic. Draft chapters will be sent to session registrants by mid-May 2007, so that they may prepare their comments in advance.  Tours

Niagara Falls Date Saturday, June 9, 2007 Time: 9:00AM – 5:00PM Fee: $130.00 US Includes: Tour guide Transportation to Niagara Falls via luxury sightseeing coach Maid of the Mist fees Three course lunch

The first stop – The Maid of the Mist. This hardy, historic riverboat will carry you deep into the mist of the Canadian Horseshoe Falls. Raincoats are provided – and you’ll need them. Next, a visit to Table Rock, only a stone’s throw from the Falls and an ideal vantage point for that perfect photo. Then it’s off to Edgewater Cafe for a delicious three course lunch. Finally, head back to the coach for a drive along the breathtakingly beautiful Gorge to Niagara-on-the-Lake.

Dating back to the 1800’s, Niagara-on-the-Lake’s historic homes and shops are nestled at the mouth of the Niagara River. The first capital of Upper Canada, this relatively unknown and unspoiled treasure harkens back to Georgian/Regency times. While in Niagara-on-the-Lake, take some time to wander along Queen St. Visit the Christmas Shop, the Irish Linen Shop or cross the street to an old-fashioned Apotheca. Best known today as the home of the annual Shaw Festival, the townsfolk welcome visitors to this town that time has seemed to forget.

Exploring Toronto by Land & Sea Date: Sunday, June 10, 2007 Time: 9:00AM – 4:00PM Fee: $110.00 US Includes: Tour guide Transportation via luxury sightseeing coach Three course lunch at 350 Revolving Restaurant in the CN Tower One-hour harbour cruise

Your tour guide will focus on many of Toronto’s most significant sites and events. Travelling back to our humble beginnings – the Town of York – all ten square blocks of it, up to the present day Toronto, Canada’s largest city, your expedition will explore the sights and sounds which make Toronto such a great place to live and visit. Visit some of our most notable neighbourhoods, pass by breathtaking historic homes and see many and varied sites of significance to our growth.

You will pass through the heart of Toronto’s business district, visit the historic town of York (the original Toronto), and see some of the most famous addresses in the city. You’ll survey the old and the new, from Toronto’s St. Lawrence Market (1840) to the Air Canada Centre (1999). Each of these individual sites lends its own unique characteristics to the overall feel of the city.

Welcome to 360, the highest restaurant in the world! A 58 second elevator ride takes you to the restaurant level, but once at the top, time slows to a crawl as you enjoy the completely unobstructed view around you. On a clear day you can see the mists of Niagara Falls!

After lunch we’ll head to Harbourfront where the group will board the Oriole for a one hour sightseeing cruise. Learn about the evolution of the waterfront, from the abandoned warehouses and neglected rail lands of the 1970’s, to the upscale shopping, arts and commerce centre and dynamic park lands of today. Your personal guide is well versed on the history and importance of the Toronto Island system. This system of naturally occurring islands shelters our downtown core from the furies of Lake Ontario and provides natural park space and other attractions for hundreds of thousands of visitors (“locals” and tourists) each year . There is even a small but determined community of people who make their homes on one of the islands. After the cruise enjoy some free time and explore the Harbourfront area with its many shopping areas, art galleries, and exhibitions. Tours (continued) Royal Ontario Museum Date Monday, June 11, 2007 Time: 10:00AM – 2:00PM Fee: $55.00 US Includes: Tour guide Transportation via luxury sightseeing coach Admission to and guided tour of the Royal Ontario Museum

Although you won’t have time to see the “ROM’s” entire 6 million piece collection, this guided tour of Canada’s largest museum will take you through see the most important displays. One of the ROM’s knowledgeable Docents will introduce you to the museum and provide you with a brief synopsis of its history. The collections include: the popular, ageless dinosaur exhibits, authentic Bat Caves, collections from the Far East, historical artifacts from Canada’s indigenous civilizations, costumes and jewelry from throughout the world, exotic animals and much, much more. The ROM showcases items from all four corners of the globe, and from every period throughout history.

At the completion of the ROM tour (you’ll get some free time to head back to the mummy room), we’ll take a jaunt around the corner to Yorkville, the hot fashion spot of the city. With its distinctive boutiques – there are no ‘stores’ in Yorkville – and its sidewalk cafes, this is THE neighborhood to see and to be seen in.

McMichael Canadian Art Collection Date: Tuesday, June 12, 2007 Time: 9:30AM – 3:30PM Fee: $88.00 US Includes: Tour guide Transportation via luxury sightseeing coach Admission to and guided tour of the gallery Three course lunch at The Doctor’s House

We’ll enjoy an artful day wandering through the exhibits of the unique McMichael Canadian Art Collection in Kleinburg. Nestled in the woods just north of Toronto, The McMichael integrates nature with art to produce a dramatic backdrop upon which many of Canada’s most important artists are displayed.

In 1955, the gallery’s founders, Robert and Signe McMichael, purchased Lawren Harris’ Montreal River and Tom Thomson’s Pine Island. Ten years later their collection had grown to almost 200 works. Today the pieces that made up the McMichael’s private collection have been incorporated into the gallery’s collection which boasts over 5,000 Canadian masterpieces.

You’ll enjoy a guided tour delighting in the works of Canada’s celebrated Group of Seven. In addition, the McMichael features the work of many other Canadian artists, including Indian and Inuit artists and sculptors. The natural setting of the gallery serves to enhance the blend of colour and texture inherent in this truly Canadian collection. At the conclusion of this tour, you’ll have some free time to explore and enjoy the works on your own. Following the Collection tour we’ll have lunch at the Doctor’s House.

7 Field Trips Nickel Rim South Project: Surface and Underground York Region YDSS Infrastructure Tour Date Wednesday, June 13 Date Wednesday, June 13-Thursday, June 14 Time: Noon – 6:00 PM Time: Departs: Noon, June 13 Fee: No charge: Limited to first 40 Returns: 4:00 PM, June 14 Includes: Tour guide Fee: $375.00 US per person Transportation Includes: Tour guide Lunch Transportation Return Reception Lunch on Wednesday and Thursday Required: Safety gear is mandatory. Overnight accommodations Please bring your own hard hat, reflective vest and safety boots. The Nickel Rim South Project is a five year, CAD$630M capital project to define an inferred Nickel/Copper ore body at between 3600 ft and 6000 ft The Bathurst Collector and Langstaff Trunk Sewers are an integral part of depth. The tour will include visiting the shafts, which are under York Region’s planned expansion of the existing York-Durham Sewer System construction and currently over 5000 ft deep, the shaft stations on three (YDSS). These sewers will provide relief to existing sewers and provide levels and the surface infrastructure including hoist houses, head frames, sewage capacity for urban development that is taking place in the City of winch buildings, electrical, water, compressed air and ventilation facilities. Vaughan. The project has recently achieved 2 million effort-hours without a lost-time incident. Hard toe boots and other mandatory safety equipment provided. The Bathurst Collector will extend along Bathurst Street from Steeles Avenue to the existing Bathurst Collector sewer at Autumn Hill Boulevard (north of Highway 7), a distance of approximately 5km. This portion of the sewer will range in depth from 8m to 22m below grade. the Langstaff Trunk Sewer will primarily extend along Langstaff Road from the existing Maple Collector Relief Sewer, east of Keele Street, to the Bathurst Collector, a distance of approximately 4km. This portion of the serwe ranges in depth from 6m to 33m below grade.

The Bathurst Collector and Langstaff Trunk Sewer will be constructed using two 128” Lovat mixed face Earth Pressure Balance (EPB) Tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs). The use of EPB technology will drastically reduce dewatering requirments during construction and will provide enhanced protection to the surrounding natural environment. In all, six shafts will be utilized for constructino of the sewer; three of those shafts will be sealed using interlocking concrete caissons. Niagara Tunnel Project The design-build project was awarded to the McNally/AECON Joint Venture Date: Wednesday, June 13 in the spring of 2006. Time: Noon – 6:00 PM Fee: $90.00 US The 19th Avenue and Lower Leslie Street Sanitary Trunk Sewer was Includes: Tour guide identified as a priority project in the York-Durham Sewerage (YDSS) Master Transportation Plan and is urgently required to provide relief for the existing YDSS sewer Lunch through Richmond Hill, south of 19th Avenue. Required: Participants should bring their own hard toe safety boots. Other personal protective equipment will be provided. During the design phase, the Ministry of Environment imposed eleven conditions that had to be satisfied. The conditions initiated a scope change When completed, the Niagara Tunnel Project will divert 500m3/s of water that involved an all-encompassing evaluation of alternative alignments based from the Niagara River from an intake located upstream of Niagara Falls via on testing and monitoring of extenisve geotechnical, hydrogeological, a 10.4km tunnel, running beneath the City of Niagara Falls to an outlet at the physical and geomorphological setting and in depth review of all construction existing Sir Adam Beck generating complex. The design/build tunnel, being techniques that would address the public concern about dewatering. driven from the outlet by a 14.44m diameter Robbins open gripper machine, the largest TBM in north America and the largest hard rock machine ever The resulting alignment, east from Yonge Street along 19th Avenue to and built, will run under two existing diversion tunnels built in the 1950's. The south on Leslie Street, consists of approximately 5.5km of 1650mm and tour will include a visit to the outlet canal and diversion tunnel. 2100mm diameter of sanitary trunk sewer. Beyond the open cut sections the proposed sewer will be constructed in tunnel with two Earth Pressure Balance Tunnel Boring Machines (EPB TBM).

 Welcoming Luncheon Date Monday, June 11, 2007 Time: 11:30 AM – 1:15 PM Tunneling in the Himalayas

Fee: $50.00 US The 1500 MW Nathpa Jhakri Hydroelectric Power Project is Speaker: MR. HARJIT DHILLON located in a remote northern area of India in the upper Joint Venture Manager Aecon Constructors, reaches of the River Sutluj in the state of Himachal Pradesh, Toronto, Canada (HP) almost on the Chinese border. The project was implemented by Satluj Vidyut Nigam Limited (SJVN), a Harjit began his heavy construction career in North America Government of India company, formerly known as the working for the Perini Corporation out of Framingham, Nathpa Jhakri Power Corporation. Aecon Constructors, Massachusetts. through its wholly owned subsidiary, the Foundation Company of Canada, was Managing party of one of the joint He joined Aecon Construction Group Inc. in 1963 as Chief ventures constructing the $1.2 billion project, responsible Engineer for The Foundation Company of Canada, Aecon’s for undertaking two of the main civil work contracts, wholly owned subsidiary. Throughout his years with totaling $640 million. These construction contracts included Foundation, and eventually in the position of President of The Foundation the Main Dam, the Intakes, the Desilting Chambers and Company, Harjit was in charge of many of Aecon’s large and complex joint approximately 16km of the venture projects, with special emphasis on hydroelectric developments and Headrace Tunnel. their related underground civil construction works. Harjit will discuss Aecon’s Some of the more noteworthy projects include the Revelstoke Dam and experience of tunneling in the Powerhouse for British Columbia Hydro and the Jenpeg, Longspruce, and Himalayas at the Nathpa Jhakri Kettle Rapids power projects for Manitoba Hydro. project where a variety of difficult ground conditions had to More recently, Harjit has completed the Nathpa Jhakri Hydroelectric be traversed, ranging from rock- project in Northern India, a $640 million Aecon sponsored Joint Venture. burst-prone rhyolitic units, hydrothermal water inrushes, through to coping with squeezing, very soft, soil-like fault zone infills.

Overall, more than 30% of the headrace tunnel alignment encountered faults, shears and shattered zones, some with significant groundwater. Not only were ground conditions in the tunnels quite adverse, but in some places high rock temperatures of up to 45 degrees C, and hydrothermal water inflows (at about 51 degrees C) had to be contended with in order to advance the headings.

RETC Dinner featuring Darryl Sittler Date Tuesday, June 12, 2007 The native of Kitchener, Ontario may well be remembered for two of the most historical performances in the history of the Time: 6:30 PM National Hockey League. On February 7, 1976, Sittler scored Location: Sheraton Centre Toronto six goals and added four assists for an NHL record total of 10 Fee: $90.00 US points in a game versus the Boston Bruins at Maple Leaf Gardens. That spring, the team leader joined Maurice Richard Speaker: DARRYL SITTLER in hockey history by recording five goals in one playoff game Hockey Hall of Famer, Toronto Maple Leafs against the Philadelphia Flyers. Darryl’s place among the sport’s all-time greats came in 1989 with his induction into Darryl will focus on a few key issues – the development of the Hockey Hall of Fame and in 1995-96, Darryl was voted coaching as a leadership skill, the influence of great by fans as the centreman on the All-Time Leafs Team. management in maximizing performance potential, and the creation and maintenance of great teams – Darryl relates his After hanging up his skates, Darryl took on a new experiences of becoming one of the top performers in his field professional role as special consultant to the President of the to those of his audience in their business and personal lives. Toronto Maple Leafs, in the areas of marketing, public relations, alumni relations and hockey operations. He is now Darryl Sittler is one of the greatest players to ever wear the Toronto Maple a marketing and community consultant. Darryl’s place among the NHL’s Leaf uniform. The former centreman was Toronto’s first choice in the 1970 all-time greats came in 1989 with his induction into the Hockey Hall of Amateur Draft, and he embarked on a career that led him to the top of the Fame. In 1995-96, Darryl was voted by fans as the centreman on the All- Leafs’ All-Time Points and Goal Scoring List. Time Leafs Team, and on February 8, 2003, Toronto retired Sittler’s No. 27. RETC 2007 Exhibit Floor Plan & Exhibitors

As of February 20, 2007 Advanced Concrete 116 Geokon, Inc. 121 Prosonic Corp. 203 Technologies, Inc. Godwin Pumps of America 501 Putzmeister America 109 Akkerman, Inc. 425 Golder Associates 510 The Regional Municipality 700 Allentown Equipment 219 Halcrow 305 of York Alpine Sales & Rental Corp. 106 Hatch Mott MacDonald 101 Robbins Co. 105 American Commercial Inc. 505 Hayward Baker Inc. 309 Rocscience 607 Antraquip Corp. 119 Heintzmann Corp. 600 Ruen Drilling, Inc. 319 Atlas Copco Construction 509 Herrenknecht Tunnelling 525 Sandvik Mining and 207 and Mining Canada Systems USA, Inc. Construction Babendererde 112 HLS Hard-Line Solutions Inc. 300 Schauenburg Flexadux Corp. 209 Barnhart 120 Hughes Brothers Inc. 201 SELI SPA 419 Baroid Industrial Drilling 307 Irwin Car and Equipment 609 Sika Corp. 317 Products Ivy Steel & Wire 502 Surecrete Inc. 211 BASF Admixtures, Inc. 301 Jacobs Associates 308 tacs gmbh 310 Bekaert Corp. 703 Layne Christensen Co. 508 Team Mixing Technologies, Inc. 605 Boart Longyear Co. 800 Layne GeoConstruction 512 TEI Rock Drills, Inc. 320 Boart Longyear Conract 311 Linabond, Inc. 104 Towill, Inc. 220 Drilling Services LOVAT 113 Tunnel Business Magazine 100 Brandt NOV 519 Mine Radio Systems Inc. 415 (TBM) Brookville Equipment Corp. 315 Mining Technologies Intl. Inc. 205 Tunnels & Tunnelling 601 CDM 114 Minova USA Inc. 611 International Cellular Concrete, LLC 221 Moretrench 427 Tunnelling and Trenchless 500 CETCO 431 Multiurethanes Ltd. 707 Construction ChemGrout, Inc. 110 MWH 102 VMT GmbH 218 Continental Global Group, Inc. 618 Nicholson Construction Co. 306 Wholesale Mine Supply 423 Crux Subsurface, Inc. 304 Parsons Brinckerhoff 208 Williams Form Engineering 302 Daigh Company 318 Permalok Corporation 418 Wraight Industries 429 DBM Contractors, Inc. 504 Phoenix Diehtungstechnile 313 Zed Tunnel Guidance 603 DeNeef Construction 321 GmbH Chemicals, Inc.  Technical Program

Design and Planning of Underground Projects I Cracking the Code – Assessing Implementation in the US of the Code of Practice for Risk Management of Tunnel Works: R. Goodfellow, Black & Monday, June 11 8:30 AM Grand West Veatch, Gaithersburg, MD and T. Mellors, Mellors and Assocs., Reading, Chair: D. Adams, Jacobs Assocs., Seattle, WA Berkshire, UK The underground industry has been forced to re-consider risk management since Risk Management in Action: Controlling Difficult Ground by the introduction and enforcement of the “Joint Code of Practice for Risk Management Innovation: A. Moergeli, Moergeli + Moergeli Consulting Engineering, of Underground Works in the UK” published in 2003 and the subsequent international Schmerikon, Switzerland version published by ITIG in 2006. What does this mean for major tunnel projects in The Swiss are building the world’s longest tunnel, the 57km (35mi) long Gotthard the US and elsewhere? The discussion will highlight the implementation of the Codes, Base Tunnel. Lot 252, Tunnel Amsteg: Two hard rock tunnel boring machines (TBM) the use of risk registers as a project management tool and the management of risk with crossed hydro-thermally decomposed granite. While the East TBM advanced slowly but reference to case histories from around the world. Discussion in the paper also steadily, the West one got stuck for five months and had to be recovered by special addresses the US industry and concerns that have been raised against use of the Code means and methods. Both TBMs have finished their more than 11km (7mi) long drives in the somewhat unique insurance environment in North America. successfully. Lot 360, Tunnel Sedrun: For the first time in tunneling, roadway support machines are used through most challenging, squeezing geology. They constantly NATM Design for Stanford LINAC Coherent Light Source Tunnels: advance in full face mode for about one Tunnelmeter/24 hours. I. Halim, F. Vincent, and J. Taylor, Jacobs Engineering Group, Boston, MA The new underground facilities for the LINAC Coherent Light Source project at Tunneling Alternatives for Subway Connection in Downtown Chicago: the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center in Menlo Park, CA, are constructed in very weak V. Nasri and A. Ayoubian, STV Inc., New York, NY sedimentary rock interspersed with uncemented zones. In addition to several 21-ft wide This Tunnel Connection project will include construction two short tunnels to (excavated) tunnels, the NATM excavations include a large, 49-ft wide (excavated) connect the existing subway tunnels (Red and Blue lines) in the northern loop area of cavern, an unprecedented size in this geology. The critical design issues include downtown Chicago through a new station. The Southeast Tunnel will connect the Red characterization of the weak rock, some shallow rock cover areas, and very stringent Line to the new station below the intersection of State and Washington streets and the criteria for final slab movements within the tunnel. The design also incorporated severe Northwest Tunnel will connect the Blue Line to the new station below the intersection seismic criteria, since the site is in close proximity to the San Andreas Fault. of Dearborn and Randolph streets. The connection tunnels are located in a very dense urban area of downtown Chicago and under several important historical buildings. Both tunnels are curved at the intersections and located at a depth of about 7.5 m below Difficult Ground Conditions I ground surface in saturated soft clay with an average undrained shear strength of Monday, June 11 8:30 AM Grand Center approximately 25 kPa. Chair: G. Raines, MWH Americas, Inc., San Diego, CA Challenges and Solutions in Designing Deep Excavations in Difficult Ground Conditions for Urban Setting Transit Stations: A. Liu, Hatch Support of the Liepzig City: Tunnel Extension Using a Tie-Back Mott MacDonald, Santa Clara, CA; C. Wu, Bechtell, San Jose, CA; and Supported Freeze Wall: H. Hass, CDM Consulting GmbH, Bochum, J. Hawley, Hatch Mott MacDonald, San Jose, CA Germany and M. Gilbert, CDM Inc., Boston, MA The Hatch Mott MacDonald/Bechtel Joint Venture team is designing and The 5 kilometer expansion of the commuter railway system in downtown managing construction risks for the 5.25mi Tunnel Segment of the overall 16mi Silicon Leipzig, Germany, links the north and south stations. One key 80-m long section tying Valley Rapid Transit Project, which extends the existing Bay Area Rapid Transit open cut segments is directly under the pile supported Main Station. Parallel freeze (BART) system southward from Fremont to San Jose. The Tunnel segment includes walls each 3-m thick will serve as both structural retaining walls and water cut-off of twin bored tunnels, mined cross passages, and three deep station excavations situated in complicated underground configurations. The freeze walls penetrate into an underlying highly variable ground, shallow water table, and a dense urban setting with high-rise low permeable stratum and they are laterally supported with tie-backs. The design buildings adjacent to the largest excavation. This paper will discuss design challenges addressed both difficult and challenging geologic site conditions and remnants of that have arisen with the excavations and the team’s proposed solutions to date. previous constructions. Contractor made modifications to the ground-freeze system to adapt to their approach to construction. New York Subway Stations and Crossover Caverns: Update on Initial Support Design: D. Desai, H. Lagger, K. Rossler, and C. Stone, DMJM+ Gas Mitigation in the Mill Creek Tunnel: M. Schafer, R. Pintabona, and HARRIS, New York, NY B. Lukajic, MWH, Cleveland, OH and M. Kritzer, S. Janosko, and The design methodology of the planned Second Avenue Subway Project (SAS) R. Switalski, Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer District, Cleveland, OH led to development of the initial support design to estimate cost and quantities in the Methane gas caused an eight-month shutdown of mining operations at the Mill Preliminary Engineering (PE) stage. Careful selection of the cavern design rules that Creek, Phase 3, Tunnel. The gas-related shutdown occurred as the tunnel was advanced recognized the impact of rock quality, rock cover, excavation geometry, and excavation to an approximate distance of 2,700 ft, which constitutes approximately 18% of the total sequence helped to overcome the design challenges of large, shallow caverns for the tunnel length. The construction of an emergency ventilation shaft, a comprehensive initial ground support. In the course of the design verification process prescribed by the program of de-gassing wells and an expanded gas monitoring system were used to design methodology, the design team was continuously reviewing and updating the mitigate the gas condition. When complete, this tunnel will be utilized to convey and support quantities. The design procedure includes methods using different approaches store combined storm and sanitary sewage collected from a portion of Cleveland, OH of empirical, continuum, and discontinuum analyses, which are currently advanced in and ten suburbs. This paper will provide an overview of gas-related remedial measures the Final Engineering (FE) stage. and explain how these measures were integrated into the project to ensure safe tunneling conditions.  Technical Program

The Sir Adam Beck II Intake Tunnels: Homage to the Builders: 2. Negotiated Contract: 3800m (12500 ft.) 3.5m diameter (11.5ft) rock tunnels for D. Heath, Ontario Power Generation, Niagara on the Lake, ONT, Canada Enwave’s environmentally sustainable and innovative chilled water system in and C. Murdock, CHM PQS, Vancouver, BC, Canada downtown Toronto 3. The 1,280 MW Sir Adam Beck II Hydroelectric Project was constructed in the Tunnelling Under Glaciers - Galore Creek Mine Access Tunnel, BC, 1950’s, at Niagara Falls, ONT, Canada. The twin intake tunnels total over 17km in Canada: length and pass deep below the City of Niagara Falls. The tunnels were excavated using D. Brox and P. Procter, Hatch Mott MacDonald, Vancouver, BC, drill and blast methods, with a top heading and bench approach. The shot rock was Canada and J. Morrison, A. Argus, C. Williams, D. Lindsay and C. Gagnier , loaded with electric shovels and transported to the five shafts with off-highway trucks. NovaGold Resources Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada The tunnel muck was hoisted to the surface by skip and transported by truck to disposal The Galore Creek mine project is one of the newest major mining projects under areas. The volume of underground excavation for the 15.55m diameter tunnels and the development in Canada. The project is located in a very remote area of northwestern shafts exceeds 3,500,000 cubic meters, then and now the largest underground civil British Columbia and is being developed by NovaGold Resources of Vancouver. The works excavation by drill and blast in the Western Hemisphere. mine project comprises one of the largest and highest grade undeveloped porphyry- related gold-silver-copper deposits in North America. In order to access the mine site a Forensics of Difficult Ground Conditions Leading to Advanced new 120km road is planned to be constructed including a 4.4km mine access road Solutions for Recovery of an Abandoned Tunnel Project: F. Oksuz, tunnel. Glaciers with heavy snow pack cover approximately two-thirds of the tunnel alignment with a maximum cover of 1200m. The size of the access road tunnel is Arcadis, Chicago, IL and P. Covell and M. Doll, Arcadis, Detroit, MI 2 about 50 m . The construction of about a mile long and approximately 21ft. diameter tunnel was abruptly halted following excessive groundwater inflow and hazardous gas Extension of Spadina Subway in Toronto: accumulation at the tunnel heading. The paper presents Arcadis recommendations for P. Laurin, Toronto Transit advanced tunneling solutions to use a sealed and pressurized-face slurry tunnel boring Commission, Toronto, ON, Canada; S. Thorburn, URS Corp., Markham, machine for redesign and reconstruction of this nearly $90 million tunnel project. ON, Canada and V. Nasri, URS Corp., White Plains, NY Additionally, the paper describes the significant steps involved in synthesis and The City of Toronto and the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) have conducted evaluation of adverse ground conditions that led to abandonment of tunnel. The an individual environmental assessment (EA) for a 6.2km, 4-station underground discussions include information gathering and problem definition process, tunnel extension of the Spadina Subway from Downsview Station to Steeles Avenue. This EA function analysis, and development and screening of tunnel recovery and completion study was performed in three phases including routes and general station locations, alternatives. alignments and station concepts and detailed assessment of the effects of the Inner City Slurry Tunneling: Project ASDAM, Antwerp, Belgium: undertaking. URS Canada Inc. has led the consultant team for this study. The K. Rieker, Wayss & Freytag Ingenieurbau, Frankfurt, Germany anticipated total duration of the project is approximately six years and its estimated total cost is about $1.4 billion. This paper presents the planning process of the project, the North of Antwerp central train station, two single-track tunnels for the high-speed environmental and engineering challenges, and the measures taken to address them. train line between Brussels and Amsterdam were constructed. At the same time, the central train station was modified to a through station. Both 1.23km, tunnels are situated in the Antwerp sands and were constructed using a slurry shield machine. Due to the Design/Build Agreement for the Niagara Tunnel Project: J. Tait, inner city location, the tunnels run over their entire length underneath structures, in R. Delmar and H. Charalambu, Hatch Mott MacDonald, Niagara Falls, ON, some cases with only minimal clearance. The paper deals with these challenging Canada and R. Everdell, Ontario Power Generation, Toronto, ON, Canada situations. In addition the tunnel boring machine, the tunnel lining and measures to limit Award of the Design/Build Agreement for construction of Ontario Power settlements will be introduced. Generation’s (OPG’s) Niagara Tunnel Project was made after an intensive 8-month international procurement process. The 14.4m diameter x 10.4km long rock tunnel will 3 Excavation and Support of a Water Tunnel through the Hayward Fault divert 500 m /s of water from the Niagara River to the Sir Adam Beck hydroelectric Zone: S. Wilson, Jacobs Assocs., San Francisco, CA; D. Tsztoo, East Bay generating complex. The procurement process and Design/Build Agreement included Municipal Utility District, Oakland, CA; C. Handford, Atkinson features to address the owner’s requirements regarding risk allocation and cost and Construction, Lakewood, CO; and K. Rossi, EPC Consultants Inc., San schedule certainty, while encouraging innovative ideas from the industry, both Francisco, CA technically and commercially. The process included an international expression of interest and prequalification, followed by an invitation for design/build proposals to The East Bay Municipal Utility District’s Claremont Tunnel is an 18,000ft long qualified proponents, and comprehensive proposal evaluations and negotiations with water tunnel that crosses the Hayward Fault zone near Oakland, CA. It was originally several respondent proponents. completed in 1929. This project involved the construction of a bypass tunnel through the fault zone, including an enlarged vault section designed to accommodate up to 8.5ft Sixteenth Avenue Trunk Sewer: Tunnel Construction and of horizontal offset. Ground conditions encountered included sheared and crushed serpentinite and clayey fault gouge, and presented specific challenges for construction. Environmental Management: L. McNally and T. Cleary, McNally A special excavation and support sequence used concrete-backfilled side drifts as Construction, Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada foundations for the vault steel sets. It also allowed for a 20ft wide top heading and bench Phase 2 of the Sixteenth Avenue Trunk Sewer Tunnel Project involved excavation in soft and squeezing ground conditions. construction of 3300m of 2.64m and 3830m of 2.1m finished diameter tunnel ranging in depth from 3m to 43m below the ground surface. An extensive dewatering program was required to depressurize an artesian aquifer and allow for shaft and tunnel Focus on Canada construction. Approximately, can $30 million have been spent to implement environmental monitoring and mitigation measures associated with the dewatering Monday, June 11 8:30 AM Civic Ballroom program for the project. Overall, this project has changed the regulatory environment Chair: M. Malott, S. McNally and Sons, Ltd., and allowable construction methods for future tunnel projects in the area. This paper provides an overview of the construction approach, the development and Hamilton, ON, Canada implementation of an extensive environmental monitoring and mitigation scheme, and finally, an overview of stringent requirements for subsequent tunnel projects in the area. Permitting for New Tunnels in Southern Ontario, Canada – Panacea, Pragmatism and Professionalism: D. Zoldy, EarthTech Canada Inc., Niagara Tunnel Project: D. Harding, The Robbins Co., Solon, OH and Markham, ON, Canada; A. Coombs, The Regional Municipality of York, E. Gschnitzer, Strabag AG, Niagara Falls, ON, Canada Newmarket, ON, Canada and P. Magowan, Marshall Macklin Monaghan, The Niagara Tunnel Project (NTP) is a 10.4km long, 14.4m bored tunnel that will Thornhill, ON, Canada run under the City of Niagara Falls from the Upper Niagara River to the Sir Adam Beck Continued development and intensification are fuelIing the urgent need for new Power Station. The completed project is used to enhance the capacity of the Sir Adam 3 3 trunk infrastructure within The Regional Municipality of York and throughout the Beck Power Station by the addition of 500 m (17,657 ft ) of water per second through greater Toronto area. Permitting of these projects is increasingly subject to public the tunnel. The paper describes the project in which the world’s largest, at 14.4m, hard scrutiny to severely restrict dewatering through construction technologies and the rock TBM is being used to excavate the tunnel. Features of the project include the use requirement for a comprehensive and effective Environmental Management Plan. Three of an H.P. open gripper TBM, state of the art ground support and tunnel logistics current projects: one on the York Durham Sewage System and two in the City of systems. A continuous conveyor is used for muck transport from the TBM to the Toronto 1. Conventional Design, Tender, Award: 4150m (13600ft) 2.7m (9ft) interior disposal area. diameter finished soft ground tunnel for York Region’s YDSS Interceptor Trunk Sewer Technical Program

Pressurized Face Tunneling I Geotechnical and Ground Improvements Monday, June 11 8:30 AM Dominion Ballroom Monday, June 11 1:30 PM Grand West Chair: M. Roach, Traylor Brothers, Inc., Apex, NC Chair: S. Boone, Golder Assoc., Inc., London, ON, Canada

The Madrid Renewal Inner Ring “Calle 30” with the Largest EPB Monitoring Used as an Alarm System in Tunneling: G. Borgonovo, A. Machines – Planning and Results: E. Fernandez, Dragados, Madrid, Spain Contini, L. Locatelli, M. Perolo and E. Ramelli, Golder Assoc., Milano, Italy The traffic congestions, the improvement of mobility and the environmental This paper presents the ground settlement monitoring system used during the integration of the city have forced Madrid City Council to redesign the whole inner ring construction of two tunnels bored by two EPB TBMs, beneath the existing and active road of the city. A part of the improvement has been assigned to big tunnels with urban railway embankment in Bologna (Italy). The tunnels run close to large buildings and restrictions which require the largest EPB machines ever used. The twin tunnel concept beneath bridges and other infrastructure. Data are collected from remote total stations – one for each direction – needs the manufacture of TBM’s EPB as large as 15 m and from electro levels installed directly on the railway tracks. The automated diameter. The experience from “Metrosur”, the previous mega project in Madrid during monitoring system acquires and analyzes data then sounds an alarm in the event that 1999 - 2003, in which 6 EPB machines, in the range of 9.4m diameter, excavated more there is a problem. Alarms are sent out in case of excessive tilt or settlement. Data is than 39 km - with peak productions of 1,230 m/month or average of 607 m/month - has provided through a dedicated web application for multiple-party access, to gather, been very helpful to face up to the new challenge. manage and store monitoring data.

Factors in the Variability of Measured Surface Settlements over EPB Pre-Excavation Grouting Through Water Bearing Zone Under High Driven Tunnels in Soft Clay: J. Shirlaw, Golder Assoc., Singapore, Pressure Under Extreme Flow Conditions: R. Fu , East Railway Republic of Singapore and S. Boone, Golder Assoc., Mississauga, ON, Improvement Engineering Bureau, Taiwan, China; A. Shang, Jines Canada Construction Co., Ltd., Taipei, China and A. Naudts, ECO Grouting The measured volume losses due to EPB tunnelling through soft marine clay in Specialists, Ltd., Grand Valley, ON, Canada Singapore are compared with published results from the testing of model tunnels in a The Yung-Chung-Tunnel in Taiwan, constructed for the Taiwan-East Railway geotechnical centrifuge. Plotting the volume loss against the face pressure, the same Bureau, collapsed during construction when a water bearing, fractured marble zone was general trend is observed. However, the field results show significant variation around intersected. The inflow was approximately 4,000 l/sec. In spite of 30 relief holes the the trend. This variation is largely due to factors in the tunneling, and not variation in total inflow into the tunnel remained constant. The pre-excavation grouting through the the soil. The differences between the model tunnels and the real tunnels are discussed re-aligned tunnel had to be conducted under extreme flow conditions. A hot bitumen in order to identify the reasons for this variation, together with the implications for the grouting program was selected for technical and economical reasons out of 13 prediction and control of settlement over EPB driven tunnels. international proposals. The technical challenges were: Grouting under severe flow conditions and high formation water pressures to be injected with hot bitumen at high The Big Walnut – A Planned Approach: S. Skelhorn, McNally temperatures and pressures. The hot bitumen grouting program resulted in a dramatic Construction, Inc., and T. Szaraz, McNall/Kiewit JV, Groveport, OH reduction in the hydraulic conductivity and stabilization of the formation and facilitated Part of a major sewer expansion for the City of Columbus, OH. The Big Walnut a problem-free excavation. Outfall Augmentation Sewer (BWOAS) consists of 4000 m (13,200ft) of 3.66m (12ft) diameter tunnel passing mainly through glacial deposits with a water head of up to 2 Soil Pretreatment Through Deep Dewatering Wells and Jet Grouting in bar. The project involves many new innovations, including: Slurry wall work shaft with Advance of SEM Mining at Beacon Hill Station: Z. Varley, Parsons excavation below the water table; Hybrid universal rings combining traditional steel Brinckerhoff, Seattle, WA; R. Martin, Shannon and Wilson, Seattle, WA; reinforcement with fibers; New, full EPB Lovat TBM – Two component grout system P. Schmall, Moretrench American Corp., Rockaway, NJ and D. Parmantier, pumped to the TBM from the surface; and, Linabond corrosion protection liner. Condon-Johnson Assoc., Tukwila, WA Construction of the Sacramento River Tunnels on the Lower Northwest Sequential excavation of the Beacon Hill Station in highly complex and inter- layered soils with varying groundwater table levels required the use of deep dewatering Interceptor Sewer, Sacramento, CA, US: T. Togan, Affholder, Inc., Menlo wells to depressurize sand layers above and within the excavated tunnel faces. In Park, CA; W. Chen, Parsons Brinckerhoff, Sacramento, CA; M. Crow, addition the presence of clean sand layers in the crown of the Platform Tunnels required Kellog, Brown and Root, Sacramento, CA; D. Young, Hatch Mott jet grouting at depths of up to 160ft. This paper discusses the design intent, construction Macdonald, Pleasanton, CA; W. Moler, URS, Sacramento, CA and S. Norris, methods, and effectiveness of the dewatering system and the selective jet grouting of Sacramento Regional County Sanitation District, Sacramento, CA sand horizons and shaft break outs as they relate to the successful construction of the Two 610m (2000ft) long tunnels were driven through water bearing silts, sands deepest SEM station excavation in soft ground in the US. and clays beneath the Sacramento River using a 4.59m (15.1ft) diameter Earth Pressure Balance Tunnel Boring Machine (EPBM). Four sheet pile shafts were sunk with and Innovative Retaining Wall with Jetgrout for New Metro Tunnel without dewatering. The pre-cast concrete segmentally lined and grouted tunnel was Underneath Amsterdam Central Station: B. Schat and A. Bots, ARCADIS driven down 6% grades beneath the river flood protection levees, buildings, roads, a Infra BV, Amersfoort, Holland and O. Langhorst, Movares Nederland BV, railroad and adjacent to a Freeway Viaduct. Details of the design and construction of Utrecht, Holland shafts, TBM, muck handling, production rates and installation methodology for the twin Amsterdam City Council is building a new metro line, the North-South Line. The 1.676m (66in) steel force main pipes is provided. line passes under Amsterdam Central Station (a listed building) about 18m below street level. The retaining wall that has to be built underneath the existing building is an Construction of the Big Walnut Augmentation / Rickenbacker Interceptor Tunnel innovative construction consisting of two rows of steel piles interspersed with a solid (BWARI, Part I) - Columbus, OH: J. Theys and M. Shinouda, Traylor Brothers, Inc., mass of overlapping jet grout columns: a composite ‘sandwich’ wall. This paper gives Lockbourne, OH; G. Gilbert, City of Columbus - Division of Sewerage and Drainage, an overview of the approach taken to designing (computational models) and building Columbus, OH and G. Frank, H R Gray, Columbus, OH the retaining wall. Special attention is paid to the observational method used for the The construction of the Big Walnut Augmentation/Rickenbacker Interceptor (BW construction of the jet grout columns. ARI, Part 1) tunnel in Columbus, OH was a challenging undertaking due to the presence of cobbles and boulders contained in the glacial deposited soil. The construction of this Ground Freezing Under the Most Adverse Conditions – Moving tunnel under these difficult conditions mandated the use of a state of the art Earth Groundwater: P. Schmall, Moretrench American Corp., Rockaway, NJ Pressure Balance Tunnel Boring Machine that utilized complicated systems such as soil conditioning, a two component grouting system, and installation of precast concrete Moving groundwater is generally recognized as the most adversarial condition segmental liner with a universal ring design. for ground freezing. Moving groundwater can occur due to natural or man induced groundwater flow, but either way may result in freeze formation difficulties. History has shown that if the condition goes undetected, catastrophic failure of the frozen shaft or excavation can occur. The success of ground freezing under potentially flowing groundwater conditions depends on an accurate and early diagnosis, with a careful evaluation of freeze pipe temperatures, piezometer water levels, and timely reaction to  Technical Program

mitigate the possible delays. Successful remedial measures have included the reduction improve reliability and precision of ground mapping. Also good correlation was of ground permeability by improving the soil properties between the freeze pipes. obtained between the rock strength index computed from TBM data, and one derived from volumetric seismic images. Program-Wide Geo-Instrumentation Monitoring for the MTA East Side Access Project: D. Louis, Bechtel/URS, New York, NY; A. Mawr, Geocomp, Innovations in Underground Communication and Data Infrastructures: New York, NY; J. Schabib, Parsons Brinckerhoff, New York, NY and D. Gillis, HLS Hard-Line Solutions Inc., Dowling, ON, Canada D. Patel, MTA Capital Construction, New York, NY This paper will examine advances in underground infrastructures that allow voice, data, East Side Access (ESA) will extend Long Island Rail Road into midtown control and video to be transmitted over the same Ethernet based back bone. The Man Manhattan via 11 km of tunnels, a new terminal station and associated rail support Area Net (MAN) System has been used in underground mines in both North and South facilities. The hard-rock tunneling in Manhattan will traverse under Park Ave., some of America. Using wireless access points, switches, hybrid power and Cat 5 cable (or the most historically and commercially significant real estate in the world. The soft- fiber) the system is easily expandable throughout the length of the tunnel. This allows ground tunneling in Queens will traverse beneath Amtrak’s Sunnyside Yard and the wireless and hard-wired equipment to be used and controlled such as telephones, Harold Interlocking, the busiest rail interlocking in North America. This paper details cameras, gas detectors, lights, ventilation fans, PLC’s, personnel tagging, TBM’s as ESA’s program-wide geo-instrumentation monitoring system for obtaining, processing well as tele-remote control of mobile equipment. The MAN System is digitally based and presenting all geotechnical monitoring data. Data streams will be real-time, such as and brings above ground networking infrastructures to an underground environment. from automated total stations, and manually read, such as from optical survey Alternative Contracting Methods: J. Reilly, John Reilly Assoc. Internat., instruments and handheld dataloggers. Framingham, MA Traditional methods of project procurement have remained virtually unchanged in the US infrastructure construction industry for more than 50 years. The traditional Innovations in Underground Construction method, Design-Bid-Build (DBB), uses a two-step process that separates planning and design from construction. Design is generally done by the public agency and its Monday, June 11 1:30 PM Grand Center consultants and the subsequent construction contract is procured from the private sector, Chair: B. Fulcher, J F Shea Co., Walnut, CA almost always by a “low-bid” approach. This method has worked well for many projects, delivering quality work for the lowest bid price. This is particularly true for LAMTA Gold Line Extension Tunnels Case History: B. Robinson and those projects where the work, and the public agency’s management procedures, is well C. Bragard, Traylor Brothers, Inc., Los Angeles, CA understood by the contracting community and there is relatively low uncertainty in the work or conditions, particularly geotechnical conditions for underground construction. This paper reflects the challenges encountered during the construction of the light rail tunnels under Boyle Heights, in Los Angeles, CA. Equipped with two state-of-the- art EPB TBM’s, the construction team undertook the mining of twin bored tunnels in the Los Angeles alluvium. The gassy underground conditions dictated many aspects of New and Future Projects I the design of the tunnels, as well as the tools and means used for their construction. This Monday, June 11 1:30 PM Dominion Ballroom paper will detail the challenges encountered during construction, as well as the means, methods and logistics used on the project. Discussion includes: EPB TBM machines Chair: M. McRae, Jacobs Assoc., San Francisco, CA with some very unique/specific features; complex assembly sequence due to limited shaft access; final precast concrete liner with double gaskets. Preliminary Design of the Caldecott 4th Bore: B. Thapa, M. McRae and J. Greunen, Jacobs Assoc., San Francisco, CA Evaluating Ground Conditions Ahead of a TBM Using Probe Drill Data: The Caldecott 4th Bore is a 2-lane highway tunnel crossing through the Berkeley S. Duke, GeoPentech, Santa Ana, CA and J. Arabshahi, Metro Water District Hills in Oakland, CA. The 4th Bore will supplement the existing three tunnels on SR 24 of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA and relieve off-peak direction traffic congestion. Tunnel excavation and initial support of the 50ft wide 4th Bore tunnel is based on the New Austrian Tunneling Method An economic, real-time probe drill monitoring system was developed for (NATM) using a top heading and bench sequence. Ground conditions consist of weak Metropolitan Water District’s Arrowhead Tunnels project to quantitatively evaluate folded and faulted sedimentary rock formations with several major and minor inactive ground conditions ahead of a TBM. This system digitally records hydraulic feed, faults crossing the alignment. Tunnel construction will utilize a double shell lining rotation, and percussion pressures and calculates drill advance rates during drilling. system consisting of both initial support and a final lining separated by a waterproofing These data are computer synthesized to develop a digital representation of the ground membrane and drainage system. ahead, and the resulting “picture” of the ground is distributed to the project team to assist with tunnel construction decisions (i.e. targeting grout holes, optimizing mine- cycle lengths, and avoiding becoming stuck). The analysis and interpretation procedure Upper Rouge Tunnel CSO Control: W. Chen, J. Liu and J. Habimana, has now been calibrated and refined using over 5,000m (3mi) of geologic face Jacobs Engineering, Detroit, MI and M. Rabbaig, Detroit Water and mapping data. Sewerage Dept., Detroit, MI To mitigate and control the combined sewer overflows from 17 outfalls in the Guidance for Partial Face Excavation Machines: N. Clarke-Hackston, City of Detroit, three outfalls in Dearborn Heights, and eight outfalls in Redford VMT GmbH., London, UK; J. Belz, VMT GmbH., Bruchsal, Germany and Township, the Detroit Water and Sewerage Dept. has completed the preliminary A. Henneker, Surex Pty. Ltd., Lane Cove, NSW, Australia design of a storage tunnel in 2005. In 2006, a final design has revised the alignments and the inside diameter (ID) of the tunnel. The revised tunnel system includes a 7mi 30ft For the construction of tunnels and other underground structures, extraction of ID tunnel, an 80ft ID pump station, two work shafts about 50ft ID each, and 14 drop the exact amount of material is of paramount importance both economically and for shafts with various IDs. This paper discusses the latest development of this tunnel engineering purposes. In the Sequential Support Method (NATM) immediate system. (sequential) and smooth support by means of shotcrete, steel arches, lattice girders and rockbolts, either singly or in combination are used; cutting of the precise (albeit sometimes of complex geometry) profile is an integral part of the method. In order to Joint Water Pollution Control Plant Tunnel and Ocean Outfall Project: save unnecessary excavation and provide better information to the machine operator, S. Dubnewych, Jacobs Assoc., Pasadena, CA; J. Kaneshiro, Parsons Corp., VMT GmbH has developed a system to support precise excavation of the tunnel profile San Diego, CA and C. Jin, Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County, when using roadheaders or other partial face cutting machines. Whittier, CA The Joint Water Pollution Control Plant (JWPCP), operated by the Sanitation Evaluation of Geological Conditions Ahead of TBM Using Seismic Districts of Los Angeles County (the Districts), treats wastewater generated by over 3 Reflector Tracing and TBM Driving Data: T. Yamamoto, S. Shirasagi and million people and processes wastewater solids generated by over 5 million people. The K. Murakami, Kajima Technical Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan and JWPCP Tunnel and Ocean Outfall Project, if constructed, would be one of the major J. Descour, C-Thru Ground, Inc., Littleton, CO marine outfall projects in the world. The new tunnel and ocean outfall system would provide relief to the existing outfall and allow inspection, maintenance, and repair of the For TBM tunneling no visual inspection of excavated ground is possible. This existing tunnel and outfall system, portions of which were constructed as early as the may hinder the high-speed excavation, particularly in complex ground conditions. The 1930s. Geologic conditions are challenging along the alignments within the study area TBM Excavation Control System was developed for better prediction of geological being considered. conditions ahead of the tunnel face during excavation. The seismic reflector tracing produces volumetric images of anomalies in the ground in “near-real time”. These images are verified using logging data from pilot boring and TBM driving data,to Technical Program

Durban Harbour Tunnel – First Use Of A Slurry Tunnel Boring the ground conditions allowing optimization of excavation sequences and support Machine In South Africa: A. Hindmarch, Mott MacDonald, Lingfield, requirements, a more effective instrumentation and monitoring program, improved Surrey, UK; A. Griffiths, Goba (Pty) Ltd., Sunninghill, Johannesburg, South construction details and related contract provisions. Africa: A. Officer, Goba (Pty) Ltd., Gateway, Durban, South Africa and Singapore’s Deep Tunnel Sewerage System – Experiences and G. Wittneben, Hochtief-Concor jv, Copenhagen, Denmark Challenges: R. Marshall, CH2M/PB JV Pte Ltd, Singapore, Republic of Durban Harbour in South Africa is one of the continent’s busiest ports however Singapore and R. Flanagan, Parsons Brinkerhoff, Newark, NJ the harbor entrance is currently too small for the new generation of container ships. Therefore it is to be deepened and widened by the National Ports Authority in the near The Republic of Singapore’s Public Utilities Board is implementing the Deep future. An existing immersed tube tunnel carrying major sewer, water and other utilities Tunnel Sewerage System Project. The project’s deep tunnel component, 48km of deep, under the harbor and first needs to be removed and replaced by a deeper 4.4m ID large diameter sewer tunnels has been successfully completed (the works are in the services tunnel. Construction of the deeper tunnel saw the first use of a slurry machine defects liability period). Six International Design/Build tunnel contracts utilized eight in South Africa and was required to negotiate grades up to 20%. Earth Pressure Balance TBMs ranging up to 7.23m in diameter to deal with varied ground types ranging from deep soft clays to fresh granite. Numerous access/work The Dulles Corridor Metrorail Project – Extension to Dulles shafts were constructed and using various support systems. This paper provides an assessment/overview of the tunnel contracts, tunnel excavation methods and equipment, International Airport and its Tunneling Aspects: J. Rudolf, Bechtel and the shaft systems. Suggested enhancements to similar future projects are provided. Infrastructure Corp., Vienna, VA and V. Gall, Gall Zeidler Consultants, LLC, Ashburn, VA Forensic Investigation of Tunnel Flooding: P. Tarkoy, GeoConSol, Inc., The Virginia Dept. of Rail and Public Transportation and the Metropolitan Sherborn, MA Washington Airports Authority are undertaking the extension of Washington Engaged by a TBM manufacturer to under take an independent investigation of Metropolitan Area Transit Authority’s Metrorail service to Washington Dulles conditions and events surrounding a tunnel flood in 2004. The site contractor asserted International Airport and beyond to Route 772 in Loudoun County, Virginia. The roughly flooding was caused by a failed screw conveyor inspection port, whereas the client 37km long, double track alignment involves two 700 m long single track, soft ground requested an independent evaluation based on observations of site conditions, NATM tunnels at Tysons Corner, two 3.3km long single track rock TBM tunnels at construction environment, machine operating parameters, and jobsite data that defined Dulles Airport and one 25m deep station at the airport to be constructed by NATM in events in time and space. The sequence of events, TBM operational variables, survey of sedimentary rock. The design-build project is being implemented in a Public-Private- job conditions, and component testing, conclusively ruled out the possibility of a Partnership. A joint venture of Bechtel and Washington Group International has component failure. Two years after the analyses the proverbial “smoking gun” was concluded the preliminary engineering and construction is scheduled to start in late 2007. revealed.

New York City’s Harbor Siphons Water Tunnel: M. Schultz, CDM, Portland, OR’s Alternative Contract Approach – A Final Summary: Cambridge, MA and C. Lawrence, Hatch Mott MacDonald, New York, NY P. Gribbon, City of Portland, Portland, OR; G. Colzani, Jacobs Assoc., Due to the NY Harbor deepening, NYCEDC/NYCDEP is planning to replace two Portland, OR; J. Strid, EPC Consultants, Portland, OR and J. McDonald, existing water lines between Brooklyn and Staten Island with one deeper water pipe. Impregilo/SA Healy JV, Portland, OR The crossing, just north of the Verrazanno Bridge, is 1.75mi long. The new pipeline will be tunneled using gasketed concreted segmented liners. A pressurized face machine will Portland, OR’s $370 million West Side Combined Sewer Overflow Tunnel be used through the soft ground. This will be the first subaqueous application using this Project has completed the final phase of construction and commissioning. The technology in New York City. This paper discusses the planning, design and risk issues construction contract, which began in September 2002, was a reimbursable cost plus associated with the crossing and the challenging soil conditions that resulted in the fixed fee contract that followed a qualifications-based contractor procurement process decision to use a pressurized face machine. and a pre-construction planning phase. This paper addresses the final results of the contracting method and provides a lessons-learned case history. Specific items addressed include the benefits realized from the contracting method, areas of improvement, final costs compared to the original contract estimates, design changes Underground Project Case Studies and schedule impacts, and subcontract management issues. Monday, June 11 1:30 PM Civic Ballroom Chair: P. Madsen, Kiewit Construction, Omaha, NE Design and Planning of Underground Projects II Breakthrough Outage at the Manapouri Second Tailrace Tunnel Tuesday, June 12 8:30 AM Grand West Project, New Zealand: R. Fleming, URS New Zealand Ltd., Christchurch, New Zealand Chair: T. Gregor, Hatch Mott MacDonald, Manapouri Power Station is an underground hydro-electric station in the South Mississauga, ON, Canada Island of New Zealand. Between 1997 and 2002 a second 10m diameter tailrace tunnel was constructed to improve the overall efficiency of the station. A critical project Designing to Protect Adjacent Structures During Tunneling in an Urban approval consideration for this second tunnel was the station outage time required for Environment: M. Boscardin, Boscardin Consulting Engineers, Inc., the breakthrough of the second tunnel into the power station. The power station is Amherst, MA; P. Roy, DMJM & Harris Inc., Boston, MA; A. Miller, Faber dedicated to providing power to an aluminium smelter and apart from the problems of Maunsell, Beckenham, Kent, UK; and K. DiRocco, GEI Consultants Inc., providing an alternative supply, the loss of generation cost and supply risk were Woburn, MA significant issues. Innovative planning reduced the planned outage time from several months to 21 days, and the breakthrough was eventually achieved in 12 days following The North Shore Connector Project for the Port Authority of Allegheny County additional value engineering measures being implemented during construction. This involves TBM mining a pair of subway tunnels through soil and rock under the paper describes the engineering optimization that took place during the planning stages Allegheny River and a narrow city street. Along the tunnel alignment are a historic of the project and later during construction, as well as describing the construction building on shallow foundations and modern buildings on deep foundations, some methodology used. constructed directly over the alignment during the latter phases of design. This paper provides an overview of the general site conditions, and technical basis for excavation Design and Construction of Dulles Airport Tunnels: D. Field, Hatch Mott support and tunneling decisions. Deformation limits, ground improvement, monitoring and mitigation plans, geotechnical baseline report development, and risk management MacDonald, Dulles, VA; A. Sylvester, Clark Const., Bethesda, MD; will also be discussed. D. Hirsch, Metropolitan Washington Airport Authority, Washington, DC and P. Gabryszak, Hatch Mott MacDonald, Buffalo, NY With construction of the first phase of the Automated People Mover (APM) Tunnels nearing completion, this paper will address how knowledge from recent TBM and NATM tunnel construction at the airport was used to refine designs of the next phase of tunnels currently in design. The benefits include an enhanced understanding of  Technical Program

Tunnel Interaction – A Practical Approach: S. Choi and K. Ott, Parsons methods already exist for rock; however, there is only very limited knowledge available Brinckerhoff, New York, NY; S. Gangopadhyay, NYC Dept. of to describe the abrasiveness of soil and its impact on wear on soft ground TBMs. Environmental Protection, Corona, NY; J. Kinneen, Metcalf & Eddy, Inc., New York, NY and E. Barboe, Hazen and Sawyer, New York, NY A new water treatment plant was proposed for a portion of the water supply Sequential Excavation Methods system of New York City. The project includes construction of new water conveyance Tuesday, June 12 8:30 AM Grand Center tunnels crossing perpendicular and sub-parallel to the existing pressurized water tunnel Chair: J. Laubbichler, Sauer, Herndon, VA at two locations. A study was conducted to evaluate the impact of new tunnel construction on stability of the existing tunnel and hydrojacking potential in the Overcoming Challenges in the Construction of the Dublin Port Tunnel: surrounding rock mass. This paper introduces a practical approach to evaluate tunnel P. Jewell, Kellogg Brown and Root, Grapevine, TX; T. Brick, Dublin City interaction, expressed in terms of rock-liner interaction, stress-induced stability and hydrojacking failures. A simple method to evaluate hydraulic and mechanical properties Council, Dublin, Ireland and S. Thompson and S. Morgan, London Bridge of concrete liners and jointed rock mass is also presented. Assoc., Ltd, Dublin, Ireland The $980m (€750m) Dublin Port Tunnel, Europe’s biggest urban highway tunnel Groundwater Control for Two-Pass Soft Ground Tunneling: C. Hirner, project, was opened in December 2006. The culmination of this immense scheme is set Black & Veatch Corp., Kansas City, MO; D. Stacey, Jay Dee Contractors, to transform the environment, mobility and road safety of Ireland’s capital city. This Livonia, MI; and W. Rochford, US Army Corps of Engineers, Chicago, IL paper summarizes the key aspects of a project linking both sequential and parallel construction of individual tunnels and describes various approaches to bored, mined and Design considerations and construction techniques were implemented to address pre-support cut-and-cover tunneling in a wide variety of ground types and depth of groundwater infiltration from a confined aquifer during the excavation and lining of the cover. Examples of innovative approaches to deal with structural and geotechnical Cady Marsh Flood Relief Tunnel. This 3m finished diameter, 2km long tunnel was problems while maintaining full operation of both road and rail traffic and the integrity successfully completed cost-effectively in an urban setting near East Chicago, IN. The of properties in a dense urban corridor are described. soft ground was mined using a conventional tunnel boring machine with hydraulically actuated flood doors and supported with steel ribs and timber lagging. The tunnel was NATM through Clean Sands–The Michigan Street Experience: lined with cast-in-place concrete. Dewatering was implemented in settlement prone, boulder-laden ground in residential neighborhoods during construction to depressurize P. Madsen, Kiewit Construction Co., Omaha, NE; M. Younis, Black and and partially dewater the aquifer at the tunnel horizon. This paper describes the design Veatch Corp., Gaithersburg, MD; V. Gall, Gall Zeidler Consult., LLC, decisions and construction methods utilized to mitigate and limit infiltration into the Ashburn, VA and P. Headland, Black and Veatch Corp., Gaithersburg, MD tunnel during construction and operation, as well as manage ground settlement. A 100ft long, 20ft high and 18ft wide NATM tunnel was excavated through grouted clean sands beneath a busy city street, including a variety of existing utility New Crystal Springs Bypass (Polhemus) Tunnel: Design Challenges: lines. The new tunnel associated with a hospital expansion will serve as a pedestrian R. Fedotoff, San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, San Francisco, CA; tunnel connecting a parking structure with a new hospital facility. This paper will G. Sherry, Brierley Assocs. LLC, Littleton, CO; J. Hurt, Arup, New York, address the challenges that were encountered in the design and construction phases of NY; and G. Tang, San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, San Francisco, the project and how issues during construction were resolved mutually by the owner, engineer, and contractor to allow the project to progress and meet the compressed CA schedule. The implementation of a chemical grouting program, geotechnical The 4,200ft long New Crystal Springs Bypass (Polhemus) Tunnel (NCSBT) will instrumentation data recorded together with data interpretations, soil conditions and replace the existing Crystal Springs Bypass Pipeline. The NCSBT is part of the behavior encountered during and after construction, and lessons learned are also SFPUC’s $3.6 billion capital improvement program to repair and seismically upgrade presented. aging pipelines, tunnels, reservoirs, and dams. This paper describes the development of the tunnel alignment and design, and the complex ground conditions of the Franciscan Monitoring Successful NATM in Singapore: K. Zeidler, Gall Zeidler Melange. Of particular interest is the challenge of dealing with tunneling down a Consultants, LLC, Ashburn, VA and T. Schwind, Gall Zeidler Consultants, potential downhill grade of 3%, environmental restrictions and a review of 1960’s construction of the adjoining Crystal Springs Bypass Tunnel. LLC, New York, NY The Fort Canning Tunnel, Singapore, is an approximately 50ft (15m) wide Outline Design and Construction of the 10km (6.25 Mile) Croydon vehicular tunnel under shallow ground cover that has been constructed according to the Cable (High Voltage) Tunnel Through Groundwater Source Protection principles of the NATM. Its shallow location in soft ground combined with a high groundwater elevation in close vicinity of historically important features called for Zones, United Kingdom: C. Rawlings, D. Keeble, J. Mathews, C. Darton, special design considerations combined with a rigorous monitoring scheme. Surface, P. Townsend, and M. Karakitsiou, Kellogg, Brown & Root, Leatherhead, subsurface and in-tunnel instrumentation was installed to monitor the performance of UK; R. Bowler, RBE Environmental, Beaconsfield, UK; and S. Sadler and the ground and tunnel support during construction. Comparison of actual reading data S. Pepper, National Grid Co., Warwick, UK with the results from the computer modeling carried out during the design phase is National Grid needs to maintain a connection between two existing electricity provided in this paper. substations (Beddington and Rowdown) in the Croydon (south London) area, and allow the replacement of two 275kV cable circuits that are buried under roads. This is to be Evaluation of Large Tunnels in Poor Ground – Alternative Tunnel achieved using a single 400kV cable circuit within a 10km (6.25mi) long 3m (9.8ft) Concepts for the Transbay Downtown Rail Extension Project: S. Klein diameter high voltage cable tunnel which is being driven through water bearing chalk, and D. Hopkins, Jacobs Assoc., San Francisco, CA; B. Townsend and at depths ranging from 5m (15ft) to 80 m (262 ft), with four access shafts (12.5m (41ft) D. Penrice, Hatch Mott McDonald, San Francisco, CA and E. Sum, Transbay in diameter) ranging in depth from 10m (31ft) to 40m (131ft). The chalk in this area Joint Powers Authority, San Francisco, CA acts as a source of public drinking water supply (PWS) and is protected by areas designated Groundwater Source Protection Zones. The Transbay-Caltrain Downtown Extension (DTX) Project involves the construction of an approximately 1.5mi rail line that will extend Caltrain commuter New Test Methodology for Estimating the Abrasiveness of Soils for TBM service and the future California High Speed Rail system into downtown San Francisco. The underground rail extension will be constructed by mined tunnel and cut-and-cover Tunneling: B. Nilsen, Norwegian Univ. of Science & Technology, methods. Tunneling challenges include difficult ground conditions, low rock cover, the Trondheim, Norway; F. Dahl, SINTEF Rock and Soil Mechanics, presence of historic buildings along the alignment, and the large tunnel span, ranging Trondheim, Norway; J. Holzhaeuser, Smoltczyk & Partner GmbH, Stuttgart, from approximately 50 to 65ft. Three mined tunnel construction methods were Germany; and P. Raleigh, Jacobs Assocs., Seattle, WA evaluated: the Stacked Drift Method, the New Austrian Tunneling Method/Sequential Tunnel excavation using tunnel boring machines (TBMs), has become Excavation Method (NATM/SEM), and Tunnel Boring Machines (TBM). This paper increasingly common in recent years, despite the fact that precise evaluation of certain describes the challenges presented within the mined tunnel section, and summarizes the risks have not kept pace with the use of these machines. One of the risks easily evaluation of tunneling methods that led to the selection of NATM/SEM. overlooked by engineer and contractor alike are the effect of abrasive ground on the costs and schedule of a given project. The impacts of worn and damaged TBM cutter heads have been observed on hundreds of tunnel projects around the world. It would appear that a reliable prognosis of the abrasiveness of ground on a project would be of great importance for designers, clients and contractors alike. Several well acknowledged test Technical Program

Construction of the C710 Beacon Hill Station Using SEM in Seattle: of the crew operating the machine. A new correlation is provided for predicting the S. Akai, Obayashi Corp., Seattle, WA; F. Langer, Dr. Sauer Corp., Herndon, average rate of advance of double-shield TBMs working specifically in the double- VA; M. Murray, Hatch Mott MacDonald, Seattle, WA and S. Redmond, shield mode. Obayashi Corp., Bainbridge Island, WA Construction of the West Area CSO Tunnels and Pumping Station: One would be hard pressed to find another project as complex as this one given R. Hutton, D. Liebno and T. Nonaka, Obayashi Corp., Atlanta, GA its configuration, the variety of issues to address and the required construction techniques. Contract C710 is currently under construction as part of Sound Transit’s Currently under construction, the West Area CSO Tunnels and Pumping Station Link Light Rail connecting downtown Seattle with Sea-Tac Airport. The paper Project is the largest tunnel project ever awarded by the City of Atlanta. It consists of describes the construction-to-date of the deep mined station under Beacon Hill using the over 44,000ft of hard rock TBM tunnel, mined using two 27ft machines. Also included Sequential Excavation Method (SEM). This deep “binocular” station is being mined in the contract, are three large diversion structures designed to convey up to 5,000cfs of through some of the most challenging soft ground conditions in the US. The excavated combined sewage effiuent to the tunnel, in addition to an 85 MGD pumping station. 3 3 volume of the station is approximately 60,000yd (46,000m ) and the station comprises This paper examines challenges faced with TBM excavation and diversion structure 2 2 2 a variety of geometries and cross sections ranging from 235ft (22m ) up to 1670ft construction. Additionally, it discusses a number of value engineering proposals and 2 (155m ). design changes, which through their acceptance and implementation have contributed to the overall success of the project. Construction of a Mixed Face Reach Through Granitic Rocks and Conglomerate: M. Krulc, Traylor Shea JV, Lakeside, CA; J. Murray, Jacobs The Relationship Between Tunnel Convergence and Machine Assoc., San Diego, CA; M. McRae, Jacobs Assoc., San Francisco, CA and Operational Parameters and Chip Size for Double Shield TBMs, A Case K. Schuler, San Diego County Water Authority, San Diego, CA History of Ghomroud Water Conveyance Tunnel: E. Farrokh, Sahel Consulting Group, Tehran, Iran and J. Rostami, CDM, Falls Church, VA The San Vicente Pipeline Tunnel Project involves the construction of an 8 1/2ft diameter water pipeline in an 11mi long tunnel in San Diego, CA. The tunnel is being Selection of tunneling method, specially the use of shielded machines for excavated in variable geologic conditions consisting of strong granitic and volcanic application in deep rock tunnels can be heavily impacted by presence of ground rocks, weak sedimentary rocks, abrasive conglomerates, and mixed face conditions. convergence and squeezing conditions. Tunnel convergence is a function of ground One reach of the tunnel consists of a 5,200ft long mixed face reach that includes Friars conditions (i.e. rock mass behavior, groundwater, in-situ stresses), size of the opening, Formation Conglomerate overlying granitic rock. Due to the variable ground conditions and TBM operational parameters. The case study of Ghomroud water conveyance in this reach, the use of a TBM was judged to entail significant risk and the contract tunnel project in Central Iran, which is under construction using a double shield TBM, documents required drill-and-blast methods in conjunction with hand mining methods. is used to examine the effect of rock parameters on tunnel convergence and hence on Although not required, the contractor elected to construct this reach using NATM the need for over excavation and shield lubrication to avoid problems with the shield methods. Drill-and-blast methods were used in both the granitic rock and conglomerate. getting stuck. Use of TBMs at Depth – Extending the Limits: B. Downing, Golder TBM Case Studies Assoc., Ltd., Burnaby, BC, Canada; T. Carter, Golder Assoc., Ltd., Mississauga, ON, Canada; R. Beddoes, Golder Assoc., Ltd., Burnaby, BC, Tuesday, June 12 8:30 AM Dominion Ballroom Canada and A. Moss, Rio Tinto Tech. Services, Ltd.Vancouver, BC, Canada Chair: P. McDermott, Kenny Const. Co., Wheeling, IL Traditionally (with a few exceptions) TBMs have been utilized on tunnel projects where the risks associated with deep tunnels (rock burst, squeeze, etc) are low (or Successful Tunneling for Water Tunnel No.3, New York, NY: expected to be low). This has generally been due to the extremely adverse consequences T. Kwiatkowski, Jenny Engineering Corp., Springfield, NJ; J. Bhore, of entrapping or damaging a TBM under such conditions; but also due to the relative Joginder Bhore International, Inc., Waxahachie, TX; J. Velez and C. Orlandi, difficulty of dealing with these ground conditions in the confined working area of a TBM, in comparison to the options available in a drill and blast heading. This paper will Jenny Engineering Corp., Springfield, NJ review the constraints of operating a TBM in a deep tunnel and will discuss related Three Case Histories of successful TBM tunneling for New York City Water project experience, particularly recent and current experience with TBMs in the deep Tunnel No.3 are presented. The tunnels, costing about one billion dollars total, are the Alpine Basetunnels. 5mi long, 18ft.-11in. OD Brooklyn Tunnel; the 5mi long, 23ft-2in OD Queens Tunnel, and the 9mi long, 12ft-4in. OD Manhattan Tunnel. The three tunnels are the first major tunnels constructed in New York City rock utilizing the TBM method of construction. This paper describes and compares the three tunnel projects in terms of geology, Tunnel Lining Technology construction methods, TBM’s, rock and groundwater behavior, rates of advance and Tuesday, June 12 8:30 AM Civic Ballroom other performance data, and challenges and solutions encountered during the projects. Chair: C. Hebert, Traylor Shea Ghazi Precast, Littlerock, CA Guadarrama Tunnel Construction with Double Shield TBMs: Design, Testing and Production of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete F. Mendana, SPIC, Madrid, Spain Segmental Tunnel Lining for the East Side Combined Sewer Overflow The first steps for the studies of a 29km base tunnel through Sierra de Tunnel: R. Cook and K. Wongkaew, Parsons Brinkerhoff, Portland, OR; Guadarrama Mountains, to link Madrid to the North and North West of Spain, are described. Based on these studies, the Railway Infrastructure Manager was able to J. Carlson, Kiewitt-Bilfinger Berger, AJV, Portland, OR; C. Smith, CRS launch a call for offers in October 1998 to build the Double Tube Guadarrama Tunnel Consultants, Tamworth, Staffordshire, UK and T. Cleys, City of Portland, Project. The tunnels excavation started between October 2002 and February 2003 and Portland OR the break-out occurred in May 2005 at an average advance rate near to 500m per month Steel fiber reinforced concrete segmental rings are the final tunnel lining for per TBM. The main aspects of the project are mentioned with a detailed description of approximately 85% of the alignment for a 6.706m (22ft) internal diameter tunnel being the construction method, using four double shield TBMs, as well as the tunneling built as part of the East Side Combined Sewer Overflow Tunnel Project. This paper machines characteristics. describes the approach adopted for the design of the steel fiber reinforced concrete segments, the development of the performance criteria for the segments, and the testing TBM Excavability – Prediction and Machine-Rock Interaction: program used to confirm the performance of the materials and segments in the Z. Bieniawski and B. Celada, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, laboratory and in the field. Spain and J. Galera, Geocontrol SA, Madrid, Spain TBM case histories from over 400 tunnel sections are analyzed presenting a comprehensive application of the Rock Mass Excavability (RME) index. The paper introduces two new adjustment factors, called the Factor of Tunnel Length and the Factor of Crew Effectiveness, which were established to represent more realistically the interaction of the rock mass characteristics, the TBM parameters and the performance  Technical Program

Waterproofing of a Sub Sea Tunnel with a Unique Sprayable Membrane these current planning studies, but it is expected that the tunnel will be about 16mi long – The Nordoy Road Tunnel, Faroe Islands: S. Lamhauge, Nordoytunnilin with a finished diameter of up to 26ft. pf, Torshavn, Faroe Islands; K. Holter, BASF UOC Europe, Zurich, Switzerland and S. Kristiansen, Foroyakonsortiet, Leirvik, Faroe Islands Water Tunnel in Liaoning Province, Northeast China: M. Gowring, Construction Consultant, Auburn, CA; Z. Gang, Dept. of Water Resources of An innovative sprayable waterproofing membrane in combination with the traditional Nordic method of waterproofing with polyethylene foam sheets was used for Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China; C. Zhang, Design Research Institute of the waterproofing of the tunnel. The sprayable membrane was integrated in the final Water Resources and Hydropower, Shenyang, China and L. Jiuping, sprayed concrete lining in a sandwich structure, hence constituting a composite Liaoning Runzhong Water Supply Co. Ltd., Shenyang, China waterproof lining based on sprayed concrete. The sprayable membrane was applied in The Liaoning Dahuofang Reservoir Water Transfer Project is an important areas with small to moderate water ingresses, making up approximately 50% of the total development for the Department of Water Resources of Liaoning Province in area requiring waterproofing in the tunnel. State-of-the-art application technology with northeastern China. The 85.3km water conduit will transport water from the Hun River a computerized spraying robot was used. A consistent application of the required downstream of the Huanren Reservoir to the outlet on the Suzi River leading to the thickness at a high speed was thereby achieved. Dahuofang Reservoir. The additional water is required to sustain the growing cities of Fushun, Shenyang, Liaoyang, Anshan, Panjin and Yingkou. The project is divided into Development of Steel Fiber Reinforced High Fluidity Concrete Segment seven contracts. Three TBM contracts comprise almost 75% of the work and the others and Application to Construction: H. Dobashi and M. Matsuda, Metro are drill and shoot. The focus of this paper is about the creditable TBM performances Expressway Co., Tokyo, Japan and Y. Kondo and A. Fujii, Obayashi Corp., achieved and some of the problems encountered by Chinese contractors; notably two Tokyo, Japan having had no previous TBM experience. The Metropolitan Expressway Central Circular Shinjuku Route tunnel is Designing the Alaskan Way Tunnel for a 2500 Year Earthquake: G. constructed by shield tunneling method. The shield tunnel will have no secondary lining, so the segments should be in high quality with good performance and high Clark and C. Kirandag, PB Americas, Inc., Seattle, WA durability. To ensure high quality of the lining, steel fiber reinforced highly flowable Factors considered in designing a cut-and-cover tunnel along the Seattle concrete segments, called SFRC segments, have been developed, and 60 rings of them waterfront for a 2500 year earthquake are discussed. The tunnels are a replacement for are used in this project. This paper explains the development of this type of the segment the earthquake-damaged, elevated double-deck highway and seawall built over 50 years and reports the trial field application in the shield tunneling project ago. Designing the 1.60km long (1mi), 6-lane tunnel structure integrated with diaphragm walls to withstand a catastrophic earthquake and remain watertight involved Seismic Response of Precast Segmental Tunnel Linings: G. Kramer, rigorous 2D and 3D dynamic modeling of cut-and-cover tunnel for stacked, side-by- Hatch Mott MacDonald, Cleveland, OH; H. Sedarat and A. Kozak, SC side and transition sections. Significant design challenges, that complicated the analysis, included unbalanced soil and hydrostatic forces, seismic forces acting on the Solutions, Sunnyvale, CA and A. Liu, Hatch Mott MacDonald, San Jose, CA complex glacial geology and hydraulically placed fill adjacent the existing seawall, the Precast concrete segmental lining systems have been gaining widespread use in effect of jet grouting to mitigate potential liquefaction and lateral spreading of the fill seismically active areas and a single-pass version of such a system has been developed materials. for use on the Silicon Valley Rapid Transit (SVRT) Project in San Jose, CA. The Tunneling for the EastLink Project, Melbourne, Australia: H. Asche, response of tunnel linings to seismic shaking is often predicted using engineering Connell Wagner Pty., Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand; E. Taylor, Thiess John judgment, elastic closed-form solutions and inelastic numerical modeling. Such analyses generally assume a continuous structural system and hence do not explicitly Holland JV, Mt Waverley, VIC, Australia; P. Smith, Connell Wagner Pty., model the behavior of the jointed segmental lining. A number of analyses were Ltd., South Melbourne, VIC, Australia; P. Campi, Connell Wagner Pty., Ltd. performed to predict radial and circumferential joint behavior during seismic ovaling and I. Callow, Australasian Groundwater and Environmental Consultants and wave propagation. These analyses included a complex, three-dimensional finite Pty., Ltd., Bowen Hills, QLD, Australia element based ground-structure interaction model that incorporates inelastic The US $I,850 million EastLink project is a 39km tollway and includes twin 3- constitutive soil behavior, cracked concrete properties and no-tension, frictional lane, 1.5km long, undrained driven tunnels. The hard rock tunnels are being built to segment joint surfaces. avoid passing the motorway through the Mullum Mullum Valley and to help preserve the unique flora and fauna in the area. The tunneling poses many challenges to the Steel Fiber Reinforced Self Compacting Concrete on the San Vincente design and construction relating to geology, hydrogeology, and the waterproof Aqueduct Tunnel: C. Hebert, Traylor Shea Ghazi Precast, Los Angeles, CA secondary lining. This paper describes several of the innovative approaches taken and M. King, Halcrow Group Ltd., London, UK during the tunnel design and construction, including: The integration of the temporary support design with the Contractor’s tunnel excavation and support procedures. The 56,000ft (17km) long Second San Vincente Aqueduct Pipeline tunnel is Detailed hydrogeological assessments during the design and construction phases. being constructed using precast concrete rings to act as preliminary ground support Development of a pre-cast invert solution to the main tunnels secondary lining. through two sections of the bored tunnel with lengths of 9,450ft (2.9km) and 33,700ft (10.27km). The six segment bolted trapezoidal ring was manufactured using a combination of steel fiber reinforced concrete and self compacting concrete in vertical Karahnjukar Hydroelectric Project, Iceland – Extreme Underground moulds. This paper briefly describes the design and function of the segments, and Construction: J. Kroyer, Landsvirkjun, Reykjavik, Iceland; B. Leist, reviews the development stages of the concrete mix, and the advantages and Lahmeyer Internat. GmbH, Bad Vilbel, Germany; H. Evers, Mott disadvantages of the adopted manufacturing method. MacDonaId, Luetetsburg, Germany; and W. Leech, MWH Americas, Inc., Scottsdale, AZ Mega Projects Landsvirkjun – the national electric power company of Iceland – is building-the Tuesday, June 12 1:30 PM Grand West Karahnjukar Hydroelectric Project in eastern Iceland. Two glacial river systems will be dammed and channeled through a series of tunnels into a 690 MW underground Chair: B. Hansmire, Parsons Brinckerhoff, Detroit, MI powerhouse. The Project has a total of 73km of tunnels to be excavated of which most have been completed. From three access adits, three large diameter (7.2m to 7.6m), Defining the Kensico City Water Tunnel for New York City: K. Clarke, main-beam, gripper-type, Tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs) are being used to complete NYC Department of Environmental Protection, New York, NY; E. Cole, 50km of the waterway tunnel. Using the TBMs was a first in Iceland to excavate the Earth Tech, New York, NY; H. Ivory, URS Corporation, Columbus, OH and complex Icelandic basalt formations, which consist of inclined layers of hard basaltic V. Nasri, URS Corporation, New York, NY flows with weaker scoriaceous and sedimentary interbeds. Many components of New York City’s water supply system have been in operation for almost 100 years and in that time there has been very limited opportunity to take any of the major components of the system out of service for inspection or repair. To improve system reliability and to meet growing demands, NYCDEP intends to construct a third water tunnel between Kensico reservoir in Westchester, and Hillview reservoir in the Bronx. This tunnel is referred to as the Kensico-City Tunnel (K-CT). The alignment and discharge capacity of the K-CT will be determined in the course of  Technical Program

Pressurized Face Tunneling II injected are considered in the analysis, which shows, that these factors have an influence on the measured ground movements and the strain in the precast segmental Tuesday, June 12 1:30 PM Grand Center lining. Chair: S. Yanagisawa , Kiewit-Bilfinger Berger, Portland, OR Slurry Shield Tunneling in Portland – West Side CSO Tunnel Project: Design Principles for Soft Ground Cutterheads: W. Burger, Herrenknecht J. McDonald and J. Kabat, Impregilo/SA Healy JV, Portland, OR AG, Scwanau-Allmannweier, Germany Impregilo/SA Healy JV recently completed this Project using the first slurry shield TBM’s in the US. The Project used two TBM’s to mine 18,000ft in sands, The last decade has witnessed a rapid development and application of slurry and gravels, and silty alluvial materials under the Willamette River and downtown Portland, EPB type tunnel boring machines. Both soft ground types are able to excavate tunnels OR. This paper discusses alignment and geological conditions, equipment selection and in unstable ground conditions below the water table with positive face support. The plant setup, and tunnel excavation means and methods, parameters, and results. most significant component of the excavation process is the cutterhead and tool Extensive hyperbaric operations were required and will also be discussed. configuration were the excavation and face support meets the geological challenge. The TBM downstream processes cannot take place unless the cutterhead and tools effectively do their job. This paper will review the current state of the art design for both slurry and EPB cutterheads and highlight both common as well as geological specific Rock Tunneling Project Case Histories design features. Tuesday, June 12 1:30 PM Dominion Ballroom Planning and Construction of the Metro Gold Line Eastside Extension Chair: J. MacDonald, Independent Consultant, Twin Peaks, CA Tunnels, Los Angeles, CA: E. Choueiry, LAC Metro Transportation Authority, Los Angeles, CA; A. Elioff, Parsons Brinckerhoff, Los Angeles, Elm Road Generating Station Water Intake Tunnel: J. Isaacson, Kenny CA; J. Richards, Kellogg, Brown and Root, Pasadena, CA and B. Robinson, Construction Co., Wheeling, IL; B. Reilly, Bechtel Power Corp., Oak Creek, Traylor Frontier Kemper JV, Los Angeles, CA WI and P. McDermott, Kenny Construction Co., Wheeling, IL The Los Angeles Metro Gold Line Eastside Extension (MGLEE) extends Metro’s Kenny/Shea JV is constructing the water intake tunnel for the new Elm Road light rail system to the densely populated and growing East Los Angeles communities. Generating Station, a supercritical coal-fired power plant in Oak Creek, WI., being built Much of the 6mi alignment consists of at-grade track, but the project also features a by Bechtel Power Corp. The intake tunnel system consists of a temporary mining shaft, 1.7mi underground segment in cut-and-cover and twin-bored tunnel structures. In light pump house and intake channel riser shafts, and four lakebed intake shafts. An 8.33m of past experiences with open shield construction, The Metropolitan Transportation diameter, 2800m long TBM mined rock tunnel is being constructed to connect the Authority (Metro) specified, for the first time, use of Pressure Face Tunnel Boring shafts. The intakes are located 2.4km offshore in Lake Michigan. The shafts and tunnel Machines (TBM’s) to advance tunnels through soft ground. This paper describes the are being constructed in glacial tills and Silurian Dolomite. The estimated tunnel history of the tunnel design, construction management, and construction methods completion is December 2007. adopted that resulted in successfully completing the tunneling segment. An Innovative Approach to Tunneling in the Swelling Queenston Driving the Twin Bore Running Tunnels by Earth Pressure Balance Formation of Southern Ontario: M. Hughes, Hatch Acres; P. Bonapace, Machine on the Sound Transit C-71O Beacon Hill Station and Tunnels ILF Beratende Ingenieure ZT Gesellschaft mbH; S. Rigbey, Hatch Acres; Project: S. Redmond, Obayashi Corp., Bainbridge Island, WA; C. Tatersdale, H. Charalambu, Hatch Mott MacDonald Hatch Mott MacDonald, Brisbane, Australia; N. Garavelli, Obayashi Corp., Ontario Power Generation has contracted to build a 10.4km, 12.7m diameter Seattle, WA and C. Wiggins, Parsons Brinckerhoff, Seattle, WA water diversion tunnel to increase power production at the Sir Adam Beck Generating Complex in Niagara Falls, Canada. The tunnel is a two-pass, cast-in-place concrete Twin bore running tunnels driven approximately 4,500 route ft. by a Mitsubishi lined pressure tunnel with a nominal internal diameter of 12.7m. The tunnel will be Heavy Industries (MHI) EPB Tunnel Boring Machine link the West Portal and East predominantly situated in the Queenston Formation of South Ontario, that are known to Portal on this complex Light Rail Project. One third along the way, the TBM arrives at exhibit time-dependent swelling and aggressive ground water conditions and expected the Beacon Hill Station which is the deepest underground “binocular” station of its kind to present unique challenges in design and construction. Geotechnical investigations in North America and then “walks-across” the station to be re-Iaunched on the other were carried out in stages from 1983 to 1993. To provide a consistent interpretation of side to complete the drive. This paper discusses briefly the layout and design the expected sub-surface conditions a unique three-stage Geotechnical Baseline Report considerations but then focuses more deeply on the approach by the Contractor to drive (GBR) was developed. and supply the tunnel. The paper addresses the approach used to launch, re-Iaunch and recover the TBM and touches briefly on muck volume control and monitoring plus settlement monitoring and the performance achieved. Design-Build of the Lake Hodges to Olivenhain Pipeline Tunnel, and Shaft: M. Piek and J. Kaneshiro, Parsons, San Diego, CA and S. Menge and Soft Ground Tunneling Issues Handled by Partnering – A Win-Win B. Barker, Kiewit Pacific, Omaha, NE Project in Rancho Cordova, CA: T. Martin, URS, Sacramento, CA; The Lake Hodges to Olivenhain Pipeline project is part of a 40-MW pumped L. Voight, SRCSD, Mather, CA.; J. Forero, Affholder, Inc., Sacramento, CA storage project linking two reservoirs as part of the San Diego County Water Authority’s and J. Magtoto, SRCSD, Mather, CA $939 million Emergency Storage Project. Seeking to expedite project completion, the project was advertised as Design-Build, a first for the owner. Awarded to Kiewit Pacific Commitment by all parties to partnering goals established early in the contract with Parsons as designer, the 1,750m (5700ft) long, 4.25m (14 ft) horseshoe tunnel was aided Affholder, Inc. in constructing 2,360m (7,700ft) of soft ground tunnel in Rancho excavated with conventional drill-and-shoot technique. The mining method was well Cordova, CA. Despite two zones of known contamination, encountering a zone of loose suited to deal with the shear zones, the very abrasive rock, and 13.3% and 19.6% grades. cobbles and boulders in a matrix of flowing sand, some perched water tables and a At the apex of the alignment, a 60m (200ft) by 3.6m (12ft) diameter raisebore shaft with flooded tunnel after 2 upstream safety plugs failed, the Contractor finished the work 33 surge chamber to protect against pump malfunction was constructed. days early and only 1.91 percent over his original bid. Urban Blasting Essential to Schedule Driven West Area CSO Tunnel Soil Deformation Analysis During TBM Excavation – Comparing Three and Pumping Station Project: J. MacGregor, Dyno Nobel Inc., Jasper, GA Different TBM Technologies used during the Construction of the and J. McNally, and A. Stremcha, Obayashi Corp., Atlanta, GA Toulouse Metro Line B: J. Robert, ARCADIS, Sevres, France; E. Vanoudheusden, ARCADIS, Labege, France; and F. Emeriault and With 13.7km of TBM tunneling in Atlanta’s hard gneiss well under way, drill and shoot work continues on several sites throughout the city. In order for the city of Atlanta R. Kastner, URGC Geotechnique INSA, Villeeurbanne, France to meet the consent decree imposed by the federal government, an aggressive construction A global comparison of the effects of different tunneling techniques (Earth- schedule was a necessity. Construction consists of two deep, large diameter tunnels, four Pressure Balanced Shield, Slurry Shield and Compressed Air) on ground movements construction shafts, a pumping station, one overflow shaft, three large intake structures, and strain in the tunnel lining segments is performed through the analysis of the results and two connecting tunnels. Due to the multitude of blasting in sensitive urban of three monitoring sections installed during the excavation works of Toulouse subway environments, a high standard of seismic and air-overpressure criteria, coupled with time line B. A direct comparison of the results is justified because of the homogeneous restrictions, was adopted for the project. At any given time, drill and blast operations were geology of the site and the almost constant depth of the tunnel. TBM tunneling under way at four of the seven sites requiring a certain amount of coordination between parameters such as the confining pressure, the grouting pressure and volume of grout the TBM excavation, surface work, and the forces of Mother Nature. Technical Program

Construction of the Powerhouse Cavern for the Pumped Storage Shaft Construction in Toronto Using Slurry Walls: V. Luongo, Petrifond Scheme Kops II in Austria: H. Westermayr and M. Tergl, Beton-und Foundation Co. Ltd., Montreal, PQ, Canada Monierbau, Innsbruck, Austria The York Durham Sanitary System (YDSS) Interceptor in the Town of Richmond “Vorarlberger Illwerke” is one of the main hydroelectric power producers in Hill located just north of Toronto, ON, Canada will see the construction of a tunnel Austria and this client is expanding its existing hydro-plants in the “Montafon” -Region extending along 19th Ave. for a length of approximately 3.8km from Yonge St., east to by building a new Pumped-Storage-Scheme with 3 machine-units of 150 MW each. The Leslie St. and will have a minimum internal diameter of 2.1m. The tunnel will connect contract for the Lot 3 (Underground Powerhouse) has been awarded on the 27th of into four shafts, for which two of the shafts will be constructed using slurry wall August 2005. Within a period of only slightly over one year (Nov. 04 to Dec. 05) a construction technique given the difficult ground conditions encountered at these 3 volume of 125,000m Powerhouse Cavern excavation could been finished. locations. The two shafts noted as Shaft No. 2 and Shaft No. 3 are to be designed and Accomplishment of such progress has to be seen if one is relating this with the constructed to meet regulatory conditions and meet sealed shafts construction methods circumstances in which it had to be executed. Very rigorous conditions related to since the city has agreed to accept the Minister of Environment conditions that contract specifications of environmental protection and emission-control had to be minimizes the use of dewatering. followed within the construction-frame of the overall project. Development of Slurry Wall Technique and Equipment and CSM Cutter Soil Mixing for Open-Cut Tunnels: W. Brunner, Bauer Maschinen GmbH., Shafts and Open Cut – Design and Construction Schrobenhausen, Germany Tuesday, June 12 1:30 PM Civic Ballroom The slurry wall technique has undergone an evolution from its invention to its today’s status. In the early stages slurry walls were built with cable grab, later on with Chair: J. Laubbichler, Sauer, Herndon, VA much stronger hydraulic grab and last but not least with the use of the cutter technique. The cutter allows thick walls with high verticality to extreme depths through hard soil Drop Shafts for Narragansett Bay Commission CSO Abatement and rock formations. With the rising demand of the construction of watertight diaphragm Program, Providence, RI: R. Castro, Jacobs Assoc., Burlington, MA; walls different joint systems have been developed. In addition to the rapid development G. Hughes, Louis Berger Group, Providence, RI; F. Vincent, Jacobs Civil, of excavation systems it was necessary to improve slurry treatment and desanding Boston, MA and P. Albert, Narragansett Bay Commission, Providence, RI plants, especially in conjunction with high performance trench cutters. Deep mixing methods can be used economically for the construction of cut-off or excavation support Seven pairs of drop and ventilation shafts, between two and nine feet in diameter, walls. will convey combined sewer flow to a 230ft deep, 26ft diameter storage tunnel. This paper will present case histories for each site. Discussion will include functional requirements, program and site access constraints, structural design, geology, the variety of excavation and lining construction methods used, and lessons learned. Difficult Ground Conditions II Noteworthy observations include the importance of assuring competent ground support Wednesday, June 13 8:30 AM Grand West at the soil-bedrock interface and of achieving tight verticality tolerance using both top- down and raise bore excavation methods. Chair: G. Kramer, Hatch Mott MacDonald, Cleveland OH

Large Diameter Mechanical Raise Boring in North America: D. Martin, Piercing the Mountain and Overcoming Difficult Ground and Water Cementation Canada Inc., North Bay, ON, Canada Conditions with Two Hybrid Hard Rock TBMs: B. Fulcher, JF Shea Modern mechanical raise boring equipment with the capacity to excavate large Construction Co., Pasadena, CA; J. Bednarski, Metropolitan Water District diameter raises is opening up new opportunities in the mining and civil sectors, and of Southern California, San Bernadino, CA; M. Bell and S. Tzobery, Hatch providing alternative strategies for economic mine infrastructure development and Mott MacDonald, San Bernadino, CA; and W. Burger, Herrenknecht, AG, ventilation planning. Case examples of single pass raise bored excavations in North Scwanau-Allmannsweier, Germany America are described, where advanced techniques have established new excavation The Arrowhead Tunnels Project represents the final portion of a 70km (44mi) long 3 3 records. An assessment of the mining ground variables which influence the decision to water conveyance facility that will bring up to 28m /sec (1,000ft /sec) of water into select raise boring methods is presented, and where it proves to be best for project, the Southern California. The 13km (8mi) tunneling project is well underway and consists of choice will realize the inherent economic benefits of large diameter raises. two, 5.8m (19ft) diameter TBM bores through extremely variable geological conditions. The tunnels lie near the base of the San Bernardino Mountains and several significant Design Risk Mitigations for Contract CQ028 of the East Side Access faults including the San Andreas Fault run within 1 km (0.6mi) of the tunnel alignment. Project: J. Rice, Parsons Brinckerhoff, New York, NY; A. Alonso, MTA There are numerous other significant faults that cross the tunnel alignment and water Capital Const., Long Island City, NY; W. Lee, Parsons Brinckerhoff, New pressures in the tunnel have been recorded as high as 20 bar (300psi). York, NY; S. Sadek, HNTB Corp., Boston, MA and D. Smith, Parsons Brinckerhoff, New York, NY Practical Consequences of the Time-dependency of Ground Behavior for Tunneling: East Side Access Contract CQ028 includes construction of a 700ft long open-cut G. Anagnostou, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland excavation using braced diaphragm walls. From the west end of the excavation, a mined Time-dependent ground behavior may have important implications for the tunnel will be excavated under Northern Boulevard, a major transportation link between construction process or the life of a tunnel. The paper gives a concise overview of the Queens and Manhattan, and existing subway and elevated transit lines. The mined influence of time on the deformations and the stability of underground openings, tunnel design utilizes a frozen arch for groundwater cutoff, sequential excavation with including topics such as face stability in soft ground or the time-development of pressure temporary shotcrete lining and a ground movement control system to minimize heave or deformations in squeezing or swelling rock. While keeping in mind practical and settlement. From the east end of the open cut excavation, four tunnel boring questions of tunnel engineering, emphasis is placed on understanding the observed time- machines (TBM’s) will be assembled and launched. The open cut excavation design dependency, on the underlying mechanisms (such as pore-water pressure dissipation or includes an 80ft radius semi-circular wall eliminating potential TBM obstructions, such chemical processes) as well as on the respective inherent prediction-uncertainties and as struts or ground anchors. design-uncertainties.

Construction of Nine Shafts for the Manhattan Section of the New York Tunneling Through Faults in Volcanic Rocks for the Construction of the City Water Tunnel No. 3: S. Oginski, P. Finn and Y. Ding, J.F. Shea “La Joya” Project (Costa Rica): R. Grandori, SELI SpA, Rome, Italy Construct., New York, NY The construction of the “La Joya” hydropower plant” (Costa Rica) was awarded The Manhattan section of the New York Water Tunnel No. 3 constructed by the by the Spanish power company “Union Fenosa” to the Italian Joint Venture formed by Schiavone/Shea/Frontier-Kemper Joint Venture is a $668 million project. The contract the companies SELI SpA and GHELLA SpA. The project, located in a mountainous includes a tunnel drive of 8.85km (29,045ft), tunnel lining of 14.77km (48,468ft) and region of central Costa Rica, includes a 7.9km long head race tunnel having an construction of nine shafts ranging in depth from 143m (469ft) to 169 m (555ft). excavation diameter of 6.18m. A double shielded TBM was selected to perform the Construction methods for excavation of the shafts are presented including raise bore, tunnel excavation, which interested mainly volcanic rocks in variable but generally very ground freezing, soil excavation, blasting, slashing, muck handling, rock support and weak conditions. The tunnel crossed long and continuous sections in completely shaft final concrete lining. weathered rock masses with no residual cohesion and with high water inflows.  Technical Program

Tunneling Through Mountain Faults: D. Deere, Deere and Ault DUSEL will provide scientists and engineers with a research facility capable of Consultants, Inc., Longmont, CO supporting a broad spectrum of fundamental and applied research deep in the earth’ s crust. Research partners are physicists, biologists and geoscientists. DUSEL research Faults under high rock cover represent some of the most severe ground calls for the construction of a network of shafts, tunnels and caverns that will provide conditions a tunneler can encounter. High ground water pressures and flows are usually laboratory facilities at depths of up to approximately 2 kilometers. The Project is still in associated with mountain faults. Ground behavior can range from blocky ground to the planning stages but, the initial experimental program is taking shape and conceptual flowing sands and squeezing clays. Sticking a TBM within a fault zone for many weeks, designs have already been developed at two hard rock mine sites. with the disastrous financial consequences, is still a common occurrence. Interpreting the geology and detecting the location of a fault prior to penetrating it is a fundamental The Lake Mead Intake 3 Water Tunnel And Pumping Station, Las step to successful tunneling. Ground water control through pre-draining or pre-grouting is the second fundamental step. This paper discusses techniques applied for detecting Vegas, NV, US: M. Feroz, Parsons Water and Infrastructure, Las Vegas, NA; and crossing mountainous fault zones through the use of case histories across the globe. M. Jensen, Southern Nevada Water Authority, Las Vegas, NV and J. Lindell, MWH/CH2HILL Joint Venture, Las Vegas, NV EPB Tunnel Boring Machine Design for Boulder Conditions: The Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA) operates two water-intakes in M. DiPonio, Jay Dee - Michels - Traylor JV, Lockbourne, OH; D. Chapman, Lake Mead, located 20mi east of Las Vegas, NV. Severe drought has caused decline in Lachel, Felice and Assoc., Morristown, NJ and C. Bournes, Lovat, Inc., lake level by 85ft since 2000 and future declines are expected. SNWA will construct a Etobicoke, ON, Canada third deep-water intake to ensure existing water system capacity. This paper describes expected construction challenges for the new project that consists of: an intake structure Historically, boulders are a frequent source of problems in soft ground tunneling. and tunnel beneath the lake, pumping station, pipeline to connect existing treatment During tunnel construction, the need to manually break and remove boulders as facility, and interconnecting underground adits. The project will be completed in the obstructions causes delays to the project. Repairs to a tunnel boring machine (TBM) can year 2012 for total estimated cost of approximately $600 million. also be a source of delays. Managing these problems is difficult since normal soil investigation techniques do not accurately predict the presence or frequency of Planning and Design of the A3 Hindhead Tunnel, Surrey, UK: boulders. This has led to considerable number of claims for extra costs and delays T. Ireland during the construction of soft ground tunneling projects. These issues are exacerbated and T. Rock, Mott MacDonald, Croydon, Surrey, UK in pressurized face tunneling systems where there is limited access to the TBM The proposed 1.83km long twin bore A3 Hindhead road tunnel planned for cutterhead for obstruction removal and/or cutter head maintenance. construction in 2008 is being delivered under a Highways Agency Early Contractor Involvement (ECI) contract. The proposed construction methodology is progressive Design and Construction Service Tunnels on Palm Jumeirah Island: mechanical excavation of a horseshoe shaped tunnel with shotcrete installed close M. Ryjevski and B. Hayes, Al Naboodah Engineering Services, Dubai, UAE behind the face using robotic spraying equipment. The tunneling medium is a ‘soft rock’ sandstone for which there was little previous tunneling experience, requiring extensive Approximately 30km south-west from Dubai it was created artificial island in the geotechnical investigations and an innovative approach to lining design. A 240m long shape of palm tree. The island has been named of Palm Jumeirah Island. The Palm portal section though sandy material utilizing a steel pipe umbrella is also required. This Jumeirah measures approximately 5km in length and 5km in width. The crescent island paper describes the development of the tunnel planning and design including the most surrounding the Palm measures approximately 11km in length. To deliver the services recent developments in UK road tunnels, and the innovation included in the from one to another island they are connected with two service tunnels. Each tunnel has ‘permanent’ primary lining design. 3m in dia. and around 700m length. The tunnels were driven at the depth of 25m below the seawater table. The design/build contract has been awarded by Al Naboodah The DC WASA Anacostia River CSO Control Tunnel Project: Engineering Services Co. This paper describes the design and construction issues for sophisticated shafts and tunnels construction methods. L. Williamson, Hatch Mott MacDonald, Washington, DC; L. Benson, District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority, Washington, DC; D. Girard, Hatch Mott MacDonald, Washington, DC and R. Bizzarri, District of Columbia New and Future Projects II Water and Sewer Authority, Washington, DC Wednesday, June 13 8:30 AM Grand Center On the east side of Washington DC, the DC Water and Sewer Authority is developing a Facility Plan for the Anacostia River CSO Control Projects, including 6 to Chair: S. Hunt, CH2M Hill, Inc., Milwaukee, WI 12mi of CSO storage/conveyance and flood relief tunnels and associated facilities. The project includes major technical and non-technical challenges, including: completion Planning and Design of the Bay Tunnel: R. Caulfield and V. Romero, under a Federal Consent Decree schedule; large diameter (estimated 25 to 35ft) soft Jacobs Assoc., San Francisco, CA and J. Wong, San Francisco Public ground tunnels and shafts up to 250ft depth; operations without use of active flow Utilities Commission, San Francisco, CA control systems; and close coordination with several major public and private construction and development projects that are being advanced in the project area. The existing Hetch Hetchy water system serves 2.4 million people within the San Francisco Bay Area. The existing 1920’s era pipeline crosses under the SF Bay and is vulnerable to seismic damage from shaking on the nearby San Andreas and Hayward Fault Zones. The SFPUC is planning replacement of the pipeline with the first TBM Tunnel and Shaft Rehabilitation driven tunnel underneath the SF Bay. EPB and Slurry Shield TBM’s are under Wednesday, June 13 8:30 AM Dominion Ballroom consideration. The tunnel will be approximately 5mi long with no intermediate shafts. One of the project challenges will be tunneling through a prominent bedrock ridge that Chair: J. Rostami, CDM, Rockville, MD transects the alignment and through soft soils under the Bay. Seismic performance criteria includes maintaining service flows after a large earthquake. Heartland Corridor Tunnels: F. Frandina and M. Loehr, Hatch Mott MacDonald, Buffalo, NY and P. Gabryszak, Hatch Mott MacDonald, Clarks Moving Forward on New York’s Second Avenue Subway: A. Parikh, Summit, PA MTA Capital Construction, New York, NY and G. Fosbrook, D. Phillips, The Heartland Corridor Clearance Improvement Project is part of a regional D. Caiden, J. Hurt and J. Sankar, DMJM and Harris Arup JV, New York, NY Public-Private initiative to allow double stack container trains a direct route from the This paper will cover the progress being made on Phase 1 of New York’s Second Port of Norfolk through Virginia, West Virginia, Eastern Kentucky and into Central Avenue Subway line. It will include a description of construction progress on the first Ohio. In the Preliminary Engineering stage, 30 existing tunnels were assessed and 28 package to be let, which consists of a 200m long launch box, 3.8km of TBM tunnels and were found to need clearance improvements to allow the use of double stack trains. a tunnel sump, the packaging strategy for the remaining work, and the progress through Alternative tunnel enlargement methods were developed to achieve the desired Final Design of the remaining packages, including the two large span rock cavern stations. clearance improvements, while maintaining structural integrity and minimizing disruption to train traffic. This paper summarizes the geometric and condition Rock Engineering Aspects of Designing Large-Span Caverns at Depth in investigations of the existing tunnels, as well as describes the preferred methodologies to achieve the desired clearance. the Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory: C. Laughton, Fermi Research Alliance, Batavia, IL Construction of a Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory (DUSEL) is proposed under the auspices of the US National Science Foundation (NSF). Technical Program

Emergency Repairs to Beach Interceptor Tunnel: D. Jurich, Hatch Mott primary rehabilitation work included tunnel and shaft liner contact and water control MacDonald, Phoenix, AZ and J. McDivitt, South Coast Water District, grouting, joint and crack masonry repairs and heaved/deteriorated liner repair. The Laguna Niguel, CA variable geology [fault and shear zones; soft ground] and topographic features [rivers; reservoirs] resulted in unpredictable and challenging underground working conditions The 10,200ft long Beach Interceptor Tunnel in Laguna Beach, CA contains a 24in requiring ad-hoc revision to planned methods and schedules. Detailed grouting and liner sewer pipeline critical to the South Coast Water District system. The approximately 6ft repair procedures are described. high by 6ft wide tunnel was hand mined in 1954 with limited sections supported by timber bents and wooden lagging. The wood supports have deteriorated and numerous Inspection of a Brick Lined Aqueduct: J. Freitas and F. Mallonga, Parsons rock falls jeopardize the sewer pipeline. The tunnel was excavated at the base of the coastal cliffs and primary access is through short adits that extend to beaches. All Brinckerhoff, New York, NY; A. Fareth and F. Lo, NYCDEP Bureau of materials and equipment for the repairs are transported by ocean going landing craft. Engineering Design and Construction, Corona, NY and P. Fisk, NDT Corp., Additionally, the emergency repairs must be completed without taking the pipeline out Worcester, MA of service. This paper describes the inspection of the City of New York Department of Environmental Protection’s New Croton Aqueduct. It describes the assessment of the Middle Rouge Parkway Interceptor Extension – A Case History: condition of the 6.1mi long pressurized section of the aqueduct and inspection of two H. Price and C. Roarty, Jr., NTH Consultants, Ltd., Detroit, MI and siphons, numerous shafts, head houses and blow off structures in both the pressurized B. Tahmasbi, Wayne County Dept. of the Environment, Westland, MI and gravity sections. Field investigation included both visual and remote camera inspections, geophysical testing, coring, fiber optic scope, water pressure testing, a test The 2,408m (7,900ft) long Middle Rouge Parkway Interceptor Extension varies grouting program, inspection of the siphon by a submersible remotely operated vehicle, in size from 1.52m (5ft) to 2.36m (7ft 9in) inside diameter. Most of the sewer was a comprehensive investigation ofa ‘Soft Rock Zone’ and hydrological analysis. constructed in tunnel through fine sands and silts. Piping of these soils through the Inspection findings assisted in determining future repairs. concrete liner eventually resulted in a loss of soil support, settlement and/or severe distress of the sewer, and the formation of several sinkholes. The repair and restoration Middle Fork Surge Shaft Rehabilitation: was generally performed in the sewer and included cast-in-place concrete, shotcrete, C. Haynes, Black and Veatch, cured in place pipe, soil stabilization, cement grouting, dewatering, and chemical Kansas City, MO and S. Nerby, Kiewit Pacific Co., Concord, CA grouting. As a part of the work, temporary pump stations and flow diversions were Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) and Placer County Water Agency (PCWA) were required to perform the work while minimizing discharges to the adjacent Rouge River. faced with the daunting task of rehabilitating the approximately 600ft deep Middle Fork Surge Shaft in Placer County, CA. Exfiltration from the surge shaft was seeping through Rehabilitation of a Brick Lined Aqueduct: N. Sokol and T. Kim, PB the existing concrete shaft lining, through the relatively permeable Mehrten Formation Geotechnical and Tunneling, New York, NY; C. Pannuti, New York City and exiting the mountainside. The seepage was causing slope instabilities and increased Dept. of Environmental Protection, Corona, NY and W. Herrick, PB sediment loading in a tributary to the Middle Fork River. Due to concerns regarding the tunnel instability, PG&E and PCWA would not consider dewatering the shaft during Geotechnical and Tunneling, New York, NY rehabilitation operations. Thus, all rehabilitation would have to be conducted in the This paper discusses the two-year long rehabilitation of the approximately 115- “wet”. A steel liner was selected to reline the shaft. Both bottom and top supported shaft year-old, 31mi long, brick lined New Croton Aqueduct (NCA), a significant water liner designs were considered for this wet shaft rehabilitation. supply tunnel operated by New York City’s Dept. of Environmental Protection. The

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PLEASE CHECK THE FOLLOWING : 1–DAY SHORT COURSE: JUNE 10, 2007 $250 M • $350 NM • $200 SM JOB DESCRIPTION (Check) FIELD OF INTEREST (Check) ____ Mechanical Hard and Soft Ground Tunneling Technologies MTT $ ______Contractor (CR) ____ Airports (AP) WORKSHOP: JUNE 10, 2007 $250 M • $350 NM • $200 SM ____ Consultant (C) ____ Coal Mining (1B) ____ Better Contracting for Underground Construction Manual, $150 BCU $ ______Educator (D) ____ Computer Practices (CP) RETC PROCEEDINGS on CD-ROM (available at the meeting) ____ Engineer (E) ____ Construction (CT) ____ 1972-1997 Archival, $200 Member, $225 Nonmember CDO $ ______General Manager/ ____ Economics (4) ____ 1999 RETC Proceedings, $69 Member, $99 Nonmember CD9 $ ______Vice President (G) ____ Engineering Management (EM) ____ 2001 RETC Proceedings, $79 Member, $109 Nonmember CD1 $ ______Geologist (H) ____ Environmental (7) ____ 2003 RETC Proceedings, $89 Member, $119 Nonmemeber CD3 $ ______Marketing/Sales (M) ____ Geology/Exploration (8) ____ 2005 RETC Proceedings, $99 Member, $129 Nonmember CD5 $ ______Mine/Plant Manager (N) ____ Geotechnical Engineering (GE) ____ 2007 RETC Proceedings, $139 Member, $170 Nonmember CD7 $ ______Operator (OP) ____ Government (2) ____ Owner (O) ____ Highway/Transportation Engineering (HT) SOCIAL FUNCTIONS ____ President/CEO/COO (P) ____ Hydrology & Hydraulics (HH) Monday, June 11 ____ Purchasing Agent (R) ____ Industrial Minerals Miining (1C) ____ Welcoming Luncheon, $50 WL $ ______Scientist/Researcher (S) ____ Metals Mining (1A) Tuesday, June 12 ____ Student (T) ____ Municipal Engineering (ME) ____ RETC Dinner, $90 RD $ ______Supervisor/Foreman (U) ____ Pipelines Engineering (PE) ____ Urban Planner (UP) ____ Urban Planning & Development (UD) TOURS ____ Urban Transportation (UT) Saturday, June 9 ____ Utilities (UL) ____ Niagara Falls, $130 NF $ ______Waste Handling and Treatment (WH) Sunday, June 10 ____ Water Resources Engineering (WR) ____ Exploring Toronto by Land and Sea, $110 ETL $ ______Water Supply and Treatment (WS) Monday, June 11 ____ Royal Ontario Museum, $55 ROM $ ______REGISTRATION FEES Tuesday, June 12 Registration fees includes technical sessions, exhibit access, conference ____ McMichael Canadian Art, $88 MCA $ ______proceedings (hardbound + CD) and conference tote bag for all registrants excluding students and companions. FIELD TRIP Advance After ADVANCE AFTER 2/9/01 Wednesday, June 13 - Thursday June 14th 5/18/07 MEMBER: ____ Nickel Rim South Project, $375 SUD $ ______Society for Mining, Metallurgy, SME $450 $510 $ ______Wednesday, June 13 ____ and Exploration/UCA ____ Niagara Tunnel Project, $90 NTP $ ______ASCE AC $450 $510 $ ______York Region YDSS Tour (no charge) YRS $ N/C ____ Student Member SM $ 75 $ 80 $ ______TOTAL DUE $ ______NONMEMBER: ____ Nonmember Author AT $450 $510 $ ______I agree to pay the above total according to card issuers agreement. ____ Nonmember NM $570 $630 $ ______METHOD OF PAYMENT ____ Student Nonmember SNM $ 90 $ 90 $ ______     Check or American Express Discover MasterCard Visa Money Order ____ Spouse/Companion CPN $ 30 $ 40 $ ______ Card No. Exp. Date / Check if you have any special needs. If so please identify them (1992 ADA). * All prices quoted are in U.S. dollars. Signature ______TECHNOLOGY UNDERGROUND 2007 Meet over 1,000 key specifiers and buyers from all over the world at the largest, most progressive mining, tunneling and excavation event of the decade!

PRODUCTS AND SERVICES FEATURED: G G G Blasting Services and Supplies G Mucking Systems G Computer Hardware and Software G Precast Concrete Linings G Control Systems G Rail Products G Conveyors G Roadheaders G Dewatering Pumps G Rock TBM’s G Drilling Services and Equipment G Rock Drills EXHIBIT HOURS Electrical Equipment & Materials, G Safety Products Monday, June 11 G Temporary Shaft Drilling & Raiseboring 5:00 PM – 7:00 PM Engineering Design and Services G Equipment (includes hosted cocktail reception) G for Tunnels Shotcrete Equipment, Supplies and Geological and Geotechnical G Services Tuesday, June 12 G Services and Equipment G Slurry Services and Machines 11:00 AM – 2:00 PM Ground Improvement Equipment G Soft Ground Shields 11:00 AM – Noon (Coffee Break) G and Services Soil Conditioning Equipment and 4:00 PM – 6:00 PM Grouting Services Equipment and G Materials Materials G Survey Equipment and Lasers Wednesday, June 13 G G Hoists and Headframes G Trackdrills 11:00 AM – 2:00 PM G Hydraulic Hammers and Drills G Tunnel Haulage Systems 11:00 AM – Noon (Coffee Break) Instrumentation Equipment and Tunnel Communication Systems G Services G and Equipment G Laser Guidance Systems Tunnel Lining and Support G Lighting Systems, Temporary G Materials G Lubricants for TBM Ventilation Systems, Materials and Microtunneling Equipment, Tools, G Equipment G and Supplies Wastewater Management Products Mining Equipment

RETC Executive Committee RETC International Committee Chair: Theodore Budd, Kenny Construction AUSTRALIA: Tony Peach, Terratec Asia-Pacific Pty. Ltd. Vice Chair: Donald E. Hilton, Consultant AUSTRIA: Manfred Jaeger, Jaeger Baugesellschaft MHB James Marquardt, JF Shea Co., Inc. CANADA: Rick P. Lovat, Lovat Tunnel Equipment Inc. Dave Rogstad, Frontier Kemper ENGLAND : Alan P. Finch, Mott MacDonald John Townsend, Hatch Mott MacDonald GERMANY: Otto Braach, Wayss & Freytag AG Theodore H. Budd, Kenny Construction ITALY: Remo Grandori, SELI Societa Esecuzione Lavori Bill Hansmire, Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade & Douglas, Inc. JAPAN: Yoshihisa Obayashi, Obayashi Corp. Red Robinson, Shannon & Wilson Inc. KOREA: Nam-Seo Park, Daeduk Consulting & Construction Co . John Hutton, McNally Construction Inc. MEXICO: Roberto Gonzalaz Izquierdo, Moldequipo Internacional, S.A . Michael T. Traylor, Traylor Brothers Inc. SPAIN: Enrique Fernandez, DRAGADOS Steve Redmond, Obayashi Corp. SWITZERLAND: Fredric Chavan, Prader AG Tunnelbau Victor Romero, Jacobs Assoc.