Quad. Bot. Amb. Appl., 16 (2005): 213-218.

New data for the exotic flora of

EMANUELE DEL GUACCHIO Via Monticelli di Fuorni 25, l-84131 ,

ABSTRACT. - New data for the exotic flora of Campania - New data for the exotic flora of Campania are reported. Acacia longifolia (Andrews) Willd., Acacia saligna (Labili.) H. L. Wendl. , Bidens pilosa L. , Bidens subalternans DC. , Cortaderia selloana (Schult.) Asch. et Graebn., Erigeron annuus (L.) Desf. subsp. annuus, Kalanchoe daigremontiana Hamet et H. Perrier and Macfura pomifera (Raf.) C. K . Schneid. are new reports for the region. Anredera cordifo/ia (Ten.) Steenis, G/editsia lriacanthos L. , Ligustrum lucidum Aiton, Oxalis articulata Savigny, Passiflora coerulea L. , Plumbago auricula­ /a Lam. and Tradescantia jluminensis Velloso are now confirmed to be naturalized in Campania. Some second reports of naturalized plants and severa! first regional reports of casual aliens have been included.

Key words: flora, Campania, exotic plants.

INTRODUCTION geographical area of origin as well as the occurrence of cultivation in Campania are recorded. Exotic plants appear more and more spread and well lnterpreting literature data has not always been easy, as established in Campania. Nevertheless, they are sometimes some authors persist in considering exotic plants just like poorly known because of the lack of research on the sub­ "entities with a large distribution", without adequately ject, and their regional distribution is often obscure. This 1 commenting upon their status . This is probably due to the work includes some notes on their distribution, based on reduced interest towards aliens plants shown by various data gathered during numerous field-trips across the whole botanists. Consequently, terms such as "naturalized", region carried up in 2001-2004. Severa! new naturalized "adventitious" or "sub-spontaneous" are often used as syn­ entities are reported for Campania, as well as entities for­ onyms (e. g. RI CC IARDI, 1996). merly reported as established plants but not confirmed later, For simplicity's and clarity's sakes, the definition ofthe or alien plants formerly reported only as casual adventitious status follows the scheme of Med.Checklist (GREUTER & (TUTIN & al. , 1993). Some naturalized aliens, formerly reported only as "sub-spontaneous" (casual aliens escaped al. , 1984) and Flora Europaea (TUTI & al., 1993). Ali the from cultivation) are reported as well. Finally, entities con­ reported specimens are preserved in the author's herbari­ sidered only as casual aliens at present are listed in the um. ap pendix, if they are new for the region. Naturalization, not always easy to perceive, has been ALPHABETICAL LIST recognized by considering the tempora! or geographical distance of the observations (either persona I or from litera­ An asterisk marks the entities reported for the first time as ture), the distance from cultivated areas, the type ofhabitat, naturalized aliens in the region. the age and the number of the observed individuals. As to nomenclature, Flora Europaea (TunN & al., 1968-1980; *Acacia /ongifo/ia (Andrews) Willd. TUTIN & al., 1993), Med-Checklist (GREUTER & al., 1984- Fabaceae - Australia - Cultivated 1989) and especially CONTI et al. (2005) were followed, by § New naturalized species for Campania mentioning other sources when deemed necessary. Besides, LOCALIT IES - (SA), Capaccio (SA): in severa! places the most frequently occurring synonyms have been report­ along the coastal road, especially in the pine-wood of ed. For each naturalized entity, the reason ofthe report, the loc. Laura.

1 The word status, even ifinitially reserved only to taxonomical purposes (art. 7.4 ofthe l.C.B.N.), is now largely and internationally used in connection to the indigenous or invasive state of an organism living in a certain territory (e. g.: GREUTER & al. , 1984; POLDINI & al. , 200 1). With this meaning (used among other ones), the term status has been used in this work. 213 *Acacia saligna (Labili.) H. L. Wendl. contiguous Latium). Salerno: junction of Fratte, [Syn.: A. cyanophylla Lindi..] Lungomare at Colombo street, walls of the cemetery. Fabaceae - Australia - Cultivated Pontecagnano (SA): near the banks of Faiano torrent. § New naturalized species for Campania (SA): at the junction of A3 motorway. LOCALITIES - Capaccio (SA) , Eboli (SA) , Marina di Camerata (SA): sands and pine-woods along the coast. * Erigeron annuus (L.) Desf. subsp. annuus NOTE - Nomenclature follows GR EUTER & al. ( 1989). [Syn.: Phalacroloma annuum (L.) Dumort.] Asteraceae - Northern America - Not cultivated Amorpha fruticosa L. § New naturalized species for Campania Fabaceae - Northern America - Not cultivated LOCA LITY - Salerno: uncultivated grasslands and pots in § Second report far Campania Monticelli street. LOCALITI ES - Salerno, Contursi: along the A3 motorway. NOTE - The recent report of Erigeron annuus s. I. for , : along the "var. 18" road. Hedges Naples (DE N ATALE & LA VALVA, 2000) is not considered between Casa/velino and . Velia: hedges in CONTI & al. (2005). However, the species has not been along the coastal road. Ali localities are in the Salerno found where it was indicated ("Gaiola") and, moreover, province. the sample on whicb the report was based is here newly NOTE - The only former report for the region is in MORALDO identified as E. karvinskianus DC. This latter species is & al. ( 1979), who indicated it for the Picentini Massif. not present in the recent urban flora of Naples (DE N ATALE & LA VALVA, 2000). Anredera cord~folia (Ten.) Steenis [Syn.: Boussingaultia cordifolia Ten.] Gleditsia triacanthos L. Basellaceae - South America - Cultivated [Syn.: Gleditschia triacanthos L.] § Naturalized species confirmed far Campania Fabaceae - Nothern America - Cultivated LOCALITIES - Salerno: ravine under Risorgimento street; § Naturalized species confirmed for Campania Spinosa street; railway near "La Carnale" tower. LOCALITI ES - Salerno : along Trincerone street, in the ditch and No cera inferiore: along the A3 motorway. Cava de ' and on the aquaeduct ruins. Pontecagnano: hedges at Tirreni: loc. S. Lucia. Eboli: escarpment at the entrance Picciola. : along the canals of loc. ofthe A3 motorway. Altavilla Silentina: bank vegetation Cerrelli, loc. Falagato and loc. Campolongo. : between Borgo Scanno and Cerrelli. Al! localities are in Calore river's canyon, near the provincia! road. Ali the Salerno province. localities are in the Salerno province. NOTES - GUARINO & al. ( 1996) indicated this species as NOTE - Even if TROTTER ( 1906) had noted this plant in established in Naples. On the other hand, other authors (LA VALVA & al. , 1996) reported it only as cultivated in hedges at Avellino, he does not make statements about the same area. However, the species has not been report­ its status. On the other hand, AGOSTI NI ( 1956, sub var. ed recently (DE NATALE & LA VALVA , 2000; CONTI & al., f erox) observed it at the Royal Palace in Caserta, but 2005). The present report, therefore, confirms the natu­ only as a sub-spontaneous plant. CONTI & al. (2005) do ralization of A. cordifolia in Campania. As to nomencla­ not indicate the plant far the region. Therefore, natural­ ture, see GUARI NO & al. ( 1996). ization ofthis entity in Campania was to be confirmed.

* Bidens pilosa L. Heliotropium amplexicaule Vahl Asteraceae - Southern America - Not cultivated Boraginaceae - Southern America - Cultivated §New naturalized species for Campania § Second report for Campania LOCALITIES - Salerno: around the commerciai harbour, in LOCALITI ES - Salerno: carried aver soils along the coast, wet meadows along the streets and under the rocks. near Colonia S. Giuseppe, and below the coastal rocks at Junction of Fratte. Ligea street. NOTE - Far purposes of identifications, TUTI N (1980) and NOTE - Unti! now, in Campania the species had only been BALLARD (1986) are more suitable than PIGNATTI (1982). collected in Naples (DE NATAL E & LA VALVA , 2000). According to the latter author capitula have no ligulate tlowers, which is in contrast witb our observations and * Kalanchoe daigremontiana Hamet & H. Perrier other literature indications. [Syn.: Bryophyllum daigremontianum (Hamet & H. Perrier) Berger] * Bidens subalternans DC. Crassulaceae - Madagascar - Cultivated Asteraceae - Northern America - Not cultivated § New naturalized species far Campania §New naturalized species far Campania LOCALITI ES - Naples: concrete walls near the airport at LOCALITIES - Salerno: along the Fuorni river at Giovi Capodichino. Torre Annunziata (NA): SA-NA motor­ Altimari. S. Cipriano Picentino (SA): escarpments and way, on volcanic rocks and concrete walls. Salerno: in canals along the road to S. Mango Piemonte. the slits of the walls at Ligea street and on the coastal rocks. Marina di Camerata (SA): sea-front and port. * Cortaderia selloana (Schult.) Asch. et Graebn. NOTES - Some specimens (and many of them cultivated Poaceae - Southern America - Cultivated nearby) appear to be hybrids between this species and K. § New naturalized species far Campania delagoensis Eckl. & Zeyh. (= K. tubiflora [Harv.] LOCALITIES - Caianello (CE) , Mignano Monte Lungo (CE): Hamet) (SPRINGAT E, 1995). Far Europe, the only reports along the Caserta-Rame motorway (more abundant in known to the author are from the Balearic lslands (RITA 214 & al., 2004) and Sicily (CONTI & al., 2005). However, a a name sometimes misapplied for O. articulata, for the small population was observed on the roof of a building Botanica! Garden of Naples. However, the study of syn­ near the railway station ofOstia Lido Nord (Latium), but onyms cited by Rippa excludes that he may have indeed its status needs to be clarified. alluded to O. articulata. ligustrum lucùlum Aiton Passiflora coeru/ea L. O/eaceae - Asia - Cultivated Passifloraceae - South America - Cultivated § Naturalized species confirmed for Campania § Confirmed species for Campania LOCA LITI ES - Avellino: Viale Italia. Atripalda (AV): LOCALITIES - Salerno: hedges at Arbostella and Pastena, Pietramara. Salerno: aquaeduct ruins at , abandoned gardens in the industriai area, and in Gatto street, turn-off of the ring way at Mariconda. Monticelli street. Pontecagnano (SA): abandoned fields near the station NOTE - The former report for Campania (V1EGI & CELA and Faiano torrent. Ballipaglia (SA): Main road 19, near RENZONI, 1981) was to be confirmed on account of its Eboli. However, the species appears more and more vagueness and because it is not recorded in CONTI & al. common ali over the region. (2005). NOTE - In Campania this species was already known, but only as sub-spontaneous for Naples (DE NATALE & LA Plumbago auriculata Lam. VALVA , 2000) and reported as present in Ischia [Syn .: P/umbago capensis Thunb.] (RICCIARDI & al., 2004). As CONTI & al. (2005) do not Plumbaginaceae - Southern Africa - Cultivated report the species for the region, a confirmation of its § Confirmed species for Campania naturalization in Campania seems appropriate. LOCALITIES - Salerno: in Diaz street. Vietri (SA): in the niches ofthe concrete walls along the SA-NA motorway * Mac/ura pomijera (Raf.) C. K. Schneid. and on some walls along the coastal road. [Syn.: M. aurantiaca Nutt.; Toxylon pomiferum Raf.] OTES - Close to the locai gardens, the species becomes Moraceae - Northern America - Cultivated spontaneous very easily. According to CERIO ( 1939), the §New naturalized species for Campania species was established in Capri, but it has not been LOCALITIES - Altavilla Silentina (SA): from loc. reported recently (RICCIARDI, 1996). In ltaly it is also Campolongo to loc. Borgo Carillia, along the canals. known for Liguria (PECCENINI, 1989), but only as a Ebo/i (SA): uncultivated lands between loc. Fiocche and "half-established" species, and has not been reported in Borgo Scanno up to the A3 motorway. Pontecagnano CONTI & al. (2005). (SA): on the A3 motorway, near Salerno. Senecio inaequidens DC. Oenothera g/azioviana Micheli Asteraceae - Southern Africa - Not Cultivated [Syn.: O. erythrosepala Borbas] § Second report for Campania Onagraceae - Southern America - Cultivated LOCALITIES - Salerno: between the shrubs on Tonnazzi hill. § Second report for Campania Buonabitacolo (SA): junction of the A3 motorway. LOCALITI ES - Gricignano d'Aversa (CE): along the motor­ NOTE - The species had been already reported fora locality way Nola-Villa Literno. Serino (AV): main road to in Sorrento Peninsula (CAPUTO & al., 1994). Mount Terminio. Cava de' Tirreni (SA): along the SA­ NA motorway, near the fuel station. Lancusi (SA): junc­ Sicyos angulatus L. tion of the SA-AV motorway. Cento/a (SA): along the Cucurbitaceae - Northern America - Not cultivated Mingardo river, near the railway bridge. § Second report for Campania NOTE - This species had already been reported once for the LOCALITY - Atripalda (AV): Parco Tiratore, on the enclo­ region, between Avellino and Serino (AV) (MORALDO & sures above Sabato river. al., 1980), where it is stili common. NOTE - Unti! now, the only regional locality for this plant was Ercolano (NA) (R1cc1ARDI & al., 1986). Oxalis articulata Savigny [Syn.: Oxalis violacea Auct. p. p., non L. nec Thunb.] Tradescantia .fluminensis Velloso Oxalidaceae - Southern America - Cultivated Commelinaceae - Southern America - Cultivated § Naturalized species confirmed for Campania § Naturalized species confirmed for Campania LOCALIT IES - Benevento, Montesarchio (BN): hedges and LOCALIT IES: Portici (NA): Parco Gussone, above the holm escarpments, especially in suburban areas. Salerno, at oaks. Sorrento (NA): Vallone dei Mulini, above Tasso Fuorni and S. Leonardo. Pontecagnano (SA): loc. S. Square, at the bottom of the canyon. Salerno: common Antonio and along the coast. Ballipaglia (SA), Eboli at Canalone. Pontecagnano (SA): canals of Colombo (SA): common on the internal side of the coastal pine­ street. Felitto (SA): rocks near the town's main square. wood. Cava de ' Tirreni (SA): at Croce and Arcara. The NOTES - In the region, the species had already been species is becoming increasingly more common observed only in Naples, at Capodimonte (LA VALVA & throughout the region. al., 1996). However, as DE NATALE & LA VALVA (2000) NOTES - The species has already been reported for Naples, have considered that population only as sub-sponta­ but only as a sub-spontaneous plant (DE NATALE & LA neous and CONTI & al. (2005), given the scope of their VALVA, 2000), while it is not reported for Campania by work, indicate it only generically for the region, the CONTI & al. (2005). RIPPA ( 1939) indicated O. violacea, naturalization in Campania was to be confirmed. 215 APPE DIX: EW CASUAL ALIENS LITERATURE CITED

The following entities were found for the first time as spon­ AGOSTINI R. , 1956 - Aster squamatus Hier.: nuova avventizia taneous in Campania. However, it is not yet appropriate to della flora campana. - Delpinoa, n. s., 9: 165-166. consider them as naturalized entities. BALLARD R., 1986 - Bidens pilosa complex (Asteraceae) in North and Centrai America. - Amer. J. Bot. 73 Acalypha ostryifolia Riddell (10): 1452-1465. Euphorbiaceae - Northern America - Not cultivated CAPUTO G., LA VALVA V. , AZZARO R. & RI CCIARDI M., LOCAL ITI ES - Salerno: parking area of the "G. Marconi" 1989-1990 [ 1994] - la flora della Penisola seafront. Sorrentina (Campania). - Delpinoa, n. s., 31-32: 62. NOTES - We do not know previous reports for ltaly. lts CATALANO G. , 1948 - Delectus sporarum seminumfi-uctuum, appearance in Salerno is surely due to the presence of anno MCMXLVIJI collectorum. - Delpinoa / : 146. the commerciai port. CERIO E., 1939 - Note sulla flora caprese. - Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 15 (2): 134-147. Bassia scoparia (L.) A. J. Scott subsp. scoparia CONTI F. , ABBATE G., ALESSANDRINI A. & BL ASI C., 2005 - [Syn.: Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad.] An annotated checklist of the ltalian vascularflora Chenopodiaceae - Temperate Asia - Cu lti vated - Palombi Editori, Roma. LOCALITIES - Altavilla Silentina (SA): wastes of loc. DE NATALE A. & LA VALVA V., 2000 - La flora di Napoli: i Campolongo. lt has been observed in severa! other quartieri della città. - Webbia 54 (2): 271-375. places, but always as ephemeral alien. GREUTER W., BURDET H. M. & Lo G G. (EDS.), 1984-1989 - Med. Check lisi 1 (1984), 2 (1989), 4 (1989). - Ed. Melia azedarach L. Conservatoire et Jardin Botanique de la Ville de Meliaceae - Southern and Eastern Asia - Cultivated Genève, Genève. LOCALITIES - S. Giorgio a Cremano (NA): on the SA- A GUARINO C., LA VALVA V., MENALE B. & RAVENNA P. , 1996 motorway. Salerno: along the ring road, between Fuorni [ 1991-1992] - Sistematica ed ecologia di Anredera and Mariconda. Felitto (SA): slits of sidewalks near the cordifolia (Ten.) Steen. (Basellaceae), specie town hall. sudamericana spontaneizzata nel Napoletano. - Delpinoa, n. s. 33-34: 67-76. Panicum miliaceum L. LA VALVA V., GAURI o C., DE NATALE A., Cuozzo V. & Poaceae - Centrai Asia - Very rarely cultivated MENALE B. , 1996 [ 1991-1992] - La flora del Parco LOCA LITY - Salerno: Grassland near the parking of the "G. di Capodimonte di Napo li. - Delpinoa, n. s., 33-34: Marconi" seafront. 143-177. NOTES - According to VIEGI & al. ( 1990), the species would MORALDO B., LA VALVA V., & CAPUTO G., 1979 - have escaped from cultivation, and now it is widely pres­ Segnalazioni Floristiche italiane: 42. - lnform. ent in waste places in ltaly. On the contrary, PIG NATTI Bot. ltal. 11 (1): 42. ( 1982) reports it only as a sub-spontaneous species. In MORALDO B., LA VALVA V. , & CAPUTO G., 1980 - Campania, its cultivation is almost abandoned (PIGNATTI, Segnalazioni Floristiche italiane: 69. - Inform. 1982; RI CCJARD I, 1996), but its grains are largely import­ Bot. ltal. 12 (/): 79. ed as bird fodder. This is, in our opinion, the most prob­ PECCEN INI S., 1989 - Exotic species naturalized in Liguria. able ori gin of the plant coll ected in Salerno. - Atti della Conferenza: "Man and the environ­ ment". Roma.: 33-47. * Soleirolia soleirolii (Req.) Dandy PI GNATTI S., 1982 - Flora d'ltalia, 1-3. - Edagricole, [Syn. : Helxine soleirolii Req.] Bologna. Urticaceae - Western Mediterranean - Cu lti vated POLD I IL., ORIOLO G., & VIDALI M. , 2001 - Vascular flora LOCALITIES - Naples: very common in the botanica! garden, of Friuli-Venezia Giulia. An annotated catalogue where it is cultivated since the post-war period and synonymic index. - Stud. Geobot. 21: 3-227. (CATALANO, 1948). Salerno: travertines in the Villa RI CC IARD I M., 1996 - La Flora di Capri (Golfo di Napoli). - Comunale. Ann. Bot. (Rome), 54: 83. RI CC IARDI M., APRILE G. G., LA VALVA V. & CAPUTO G. , 1986 Some of the species here reported appear to become - La flora del Somma Vesuvio. - Boli. Soc. increasingly more common in Campania. Sometimes they Naturali sti Napoli 96: 58-59. behave as aggressive weeds or dangerous competitors in RI CC IARDI M., NAZZARO R., CAPUTO G. , DE NATALE A. & natural and half-natural environments. As to the origin of VALLARIELLO G., 2004 - La flora dell 'isola di their naturalization, these plants are mainly cultivated for Ischia (Golfo di Napoli). - Webbia 59 (/): 1-113. ornamental purposes. However, some of them were acci­ SPRI GATE L. S., 1995 - Kalanchoe Adanson, in WALTERS, dentally introduced, for example by sea trade. lt should be S. M., ALEXANDER J. c. M., BRADY A. , BRI CKELL C. noted that, in severa! tloras, some plants treated here have D., CULLEN J., GREEN P. S., HEYWOOD V. H. , erroneously been considered not really naturalized in ltaly. MATTHEWS V. A., ROBSON N.K.8., YEO P. F. & Finally, we should also note the need of a more accurate KN EES S. G. (Eds.), The European Garden Flora, 4. screening ofthe exotic plants in Campania, above ali aimed - Cambridge University Press, Cambridge to detecting the really established xenophytes. To achieve (England): 178-18 l. this goal, it is very important to adopt an unambiguous ter­ TROTT ER A., 1906 - Osservazioni ed aggiunte alla Flora minology, stili lacking in ltalian works. irpina. - Malpighia 20: 32. 216 TUTI T. G., B URGES N. A., CHATER A. O., EDMO SON J. R ., RIASSUNTO - Nel presente lavoro sono riportati nuovi H EYWOOD V H., MOORE D. M., VALE TI E D. H ., dati sulla naturalizzazione di alcune specie WALTERS S. M. & WEBB D . A., 1993 - Flora esotiche in Campania. Sono risultate nuove per la Europaea, voi. 1 (2° edit.). - Cambridge University regione: Acacia longifo/ia (Andrews) Willd., Press, Cambridge (England). Acacia saligna (Labili.) H. L. Wendl., Bidens TUTI T. G., H EYWOOD V H., B URGES N. A., MOORE D . M., pilosa L., Bidens suba/ternans DC., Cortaderia VALE TI E D. H., WALTERS S. M. & W EBB D. A., selloana (Schult.) Asch. et Graebn., Erigeron 1968-1980 - Flora Europaea, voli. 2 (1968), 3 annuus (L.) Desf. subsp. annuus (indicata prece­ (1972), 4 (1976), 5 (1980). - Cambridge University dentemente per errore a Napoli), Kalanchoe dai­ Press, Cambridge (England). gremontiana Hamet & H. Perrier e Maclura VIEGI L. & CELA R E ZON I G., 1981 - Flora esotica d'Italia: pomifera (Raf.) C. K. Schneid. Di seconda seg­ le specie presenti in Toscana. - C. .R., AQ/ 1/132, nalazione risultano: Amorpha fruticosa L., 97 pp. Heliotropium amplexicaule Vahl, Oenothera VIEGI L., CELA R E ZO I G., D 'EUGE IO M. L. & RIZZO A. glazioviana Micheli, Senecio inaequidens DC. e M., 1990 - Flora esotica d'Jtalia: le specie presen­ Sicyos angulatus L. Ancora, sono confermate le ti in Abruzzo e Molise (re}.!isione bibliografica e naturalizzazioni di Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) d'erbario). - Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 66: 1-128. Steenis, Gleditsia triacanthos L., ligustrum lucidum Aiton, Oxalis articu/ata Savigny, AKNOWLEDGEMENTS - Dr. A. De Natale, for putting Passiflora coerulea L., Plumbago auriculata Lam. some of his exsiccata at my disposal and Prof. P. e Tradescantia jluminensis Velloso. Infine, sono Caputo for his encouragement as well as a criticai segnalate alcune nuove avventizie casuali per la reading ofthe manuscript, are here kindly acknowl­ regione, tra le quali spicca Acalypha ostryifolia edged. Ridde!.

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