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Some Reactions of Tin(Ii)Chloride in Non-Aqueous Solution James Sidney Morrison

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Some Reactions of Tin(Ii)Chloride in Non-Aqueous Solution James Sidney Morrison University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Doctoral Dissertations Student Scholarship Spring 1965 SOME REACTIONS OF TIN(II)CHLORIDE IN NON-AQUEOUS SOLUTION JAMES SIDNEY MORRISON Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation Recommended Citation MORRISON, JAMES SIDNEY, "SOME REACTIONS OF TIN(II)CHLORIDE IN NON-AQUEOUS SOLUTION" (1965). Doctoral Dissertations. 808. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/808 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been 65—4876 microfilmed exactly as received MORRISON, James Sidney, 1933— SOME REACTIONS OF TIN(II)CHLORIDE IN NON-AQUEOUS SOLUTION. University of New Hampshire, Ph.D., 1965 Chemistry, inorganic University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan SOME REACTIONS OF TIN(II)CHLORIDE IN NON-AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY a JAMES S: MORRISON B.S., Texas A&M College, 1956 M.S. , Texas A&M College, 1958 A THESIS Submitted to the University of New Hampshire In Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy June, 1965 Graduate School Department of Chemistry This thesis has been examined and approved. ) U j u V*- \ .rj. >. / r / / y. y V — --" u ■ 1 c\ b H Date ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work was carried out in the chemistry laboratories of James Hall under the direction of Dr. Helmut M. Haendler. The author wishes to express his sincere thanks to Dr. Haendler for his interest, patience and coopera­ tion during the course of this work. The financial assistance of the Atomic Energy Commission and the University of New Hampshire is grate­ fully acknowledged. JrtfyyyiJuJ ^ TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES ............................ v INTRODUCTION ........................................... 1 CHAPTER I - SOME ALKOXIDE COMPOUNDS OF DIVALENT TIN. 3 1. Preparation of the Compounds............. 4 2. Discussion and Results .................... 6 3. Experimental ...................... 15 CHAPTER II - THE REACTIONS OF TIN(II)CHLORIDE WITH NITROGEN AND OXYGEN-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS. 22 1. Preparation of the Complexes............. 22 2. Results and Discussion.................... 23 3. Structural Studies ........................ 29 4. Experimental.............................. 39 CHAPTER III - EXPERIMENTAL......................... 46 APPENDIX ............................................... 53 1. Tables of D a t a ............................ 54 2. Survey of the Reactions of Organo-Tin Compounds with o-Quinones ............... 74 3. The Preparation and Properties of Ammonium Hexafluorostannate ............. 77 BIBLIOGRAPHY........................................... 88 iv LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES Page FIGURE 1 - Differential Thermal Analysis of (NH4 )2 SnF6 ................................ 87 TABLE I Infrared Spectra of Tin(II)alkoxide C o m p o u n d s ................................ 10 II Infrared Spectra of Methanol and Ethanol . 11 III Meta1-Oxygen and Carbon-Oxygen Stretching Frequencies .............................. 11 IV Colors of the Impure Quinone Complexes . 29 V Frequencies of S-0 Stretching Bands in Various DMSO Complexes ................... 36 VI Conductance Measurements of Some Tin(II) C o m p l e x e s ................................ 38 VII Suggested Formulations for the Complexes . 39 VIII Reaction of Tin(II)chloride with Quarternary Ammonium Chlorides ........... 49 IX Reactions of Tin(II) Salts with 8 -quinolinol .............................. 50 X Tin(II)chloride Complexes with Pyridine and Derivatives .......................... 51 XI Reactions of Tin(II)chloride with Oxygen Donors ............................ 52 XII Infrared Spectra of Triethylammonium H a l i d e s .................................. 54 XIII X-ray Powder Diffraction Data for Triethylammonium Halides ................. 55 XIV X-ray Powder Data for Sodium Halides . 56 v Page XV X-ray Powder Data for Tin(II)oxide .... 57 XVI Infrared Spectrum of Tin(II)acetate . 58 XVII Infrared Spectrum of Tetramethylaramonium- trichlorostannite(II) ................... 59 XVIII Infrared Spectra of Pyridine-N-Oxide C o m p l e x e s ......................... 59 XIX Infrared Spectra of Bipyridyl and Tin(II) Complex in the 1600 - 600cm”1 Region . 60 XX Infrared Spectra of Pyridine and SnCl2 C5H5N in the 1600 - 1400cm”^ Region .......... 61 XXI Infrared Spectra of 8-quinolinol and the 8-quinolinol Complexes ............... 62 XXII Infrared Spectra of the Sulfoxide C o m p l e x e s ............................. .. 63 XXIII Infrared Spectra of 1,4-Dioxane and 1,4-Dioxane Complex .......... 63 XXIV X-ray Powder Data for Tin(II)acetate . 64 XXV X-ray Powder Data for Chelate Compounds . 65 XXVI X-ray Powder Data for Sn(C2H302>(C9H6NO) and Sn(C2H3 0 2 )2 (C9H6N0)2 ................. 66 XXVII X-ray Powder Data for - and Sn(C9H6NO)Cl ............................. 67 XXVIII X-ray Powder Data for Quarternary Ammonium Compounds....................... 68 XXIX X-ray Powder Data for SnCl2 C5H5N .... 69 XXX X-ray Powder Data for SnCl2 C10H8N2 . 70 vi . Page XXXI X-ray Powder Data for Pyridine-N-Oxide C o m p l e x e s ............................... 71 XXXII X-ray Powder Data for SnCl2 *1,4-Dioxane . 72 XXXIII X-ray Powder for Sulfoxide Complexes . 73 XXXIV Reactions of Tin(IV) Compounds with 9,10-Phenanthrenequinone ................. 75 XXXV X-ray Data for Tin(IV) Quinone Complexes. 76 XXXVI Elemental Analysis ........................ 78 XXXVII X-ray Powder Data for Ammonium Hexafluorostannate ........ 80 XXXVIII Infrared Spectrum of Ammonium Hexafluorostannate ... 81 XXXIX First Decomposition Product of (NH4>2SnF6.......................... 86 vii INTRODUCTION The reactions of tin(ll)chloride in aqueous solution have been extensively investigated. Most of the early work was concerned with the reactions of tin(II)chloride in dilute hydro­ chloric acid with an aromatic or aliphatic amine, or with an amino-acid in the same solventv( 1-5). More recently, Davies and co-workers^) prepared some tin(II)chloride complexes of the platinum metals in which the SnCl^ anion acts as an electron pair donor. Tin(ll)chloride is also an excellent reducing agent and as such has wide application in a number of organic reactions(50) Prom ah inorganic viewpoint, however, the reactions of tin(II) chloride in non-aqueous solution have been largely neglected. Compounds have been reported with diethyl ether (51), and 1 , Jj-dioxane(52). Two recent papers have been concerned with (7) some novel complexes. The first was on the reaction of carbonyl - TT - cyclopentadienyl complexes of iron, molybdenum, and tungsten with tin(ll)chlorlde. In the second(3l), a series of phthalocyano-tin complexes was prepared using tin(ll )chloride as a starting material. There has been no systematic study, however, of the reactions of this compound with donor molecules. The purpose of this present study, then was twofold. First, it was desired to determine the scope of the reactions of tin(ll)chloride with - 1 - 2 donor species in a variety of non-aqueous solvents. Second; the properties of a number of the resulting complexes were to be studied using infra-red; x-ray powder diffraction; and con­ ductance techniques. This work !.s divided into three chapters and an appendix. The first two chapters deal with the reactions of tin(ll)chloride with particular types of compounds: Chapter I. reactions with alcohols; Chapter II; reactions with nitrogen and oxygen-con­ taining compounds. Each of the chapters includes preparation., properties; and structural studies of the complexes, and also / includes an experimental section for detailed preparations of complexes prepared in that chapter. Chapter III is a general experimental section where techniques applicable to the whole study are included. The appendix contains tables of data not included in the main body of the thesis. Also included in the appendix is a section on the preparation and properties of ammonium hexafluorostannate, and a survey of the reactions of tin(lV) compounds with 9>10-phenanthrenequinone. 3 CHAPTER I SOME ALKOXIDE COMPOUNDS OP DIVALENT TIN The metal alkoxides constitute an Important class of compounds containing a metal-oxygen-carbon bonding system. Two excellent reviews of metal alkoxides have been written by Bradley(10-H). Prior to the start of this work, Bradley(l^) had reported on the alkoxides of tetravalent tin but there was only one mention of an alkoxide compound of tin(ll). Meerwein and Geschke^S), in a study of the pyrolysis of tetra- ethoxy tin reported the formation of tin(II)ethoxide according to the equation Sn( OC2 H5 )ij - Sn(0C2 H5 )2 + CH3CHO +■ C2 H 50H '(!) While our work was in progress, Amberger and Kula(8-9) reported the preparation of tin(II)methoxide by the following reaction: SnBr 2 +2Na ( OCH 3) - Sn ( OCH 3 )2 -+- 2NaBr (2) Prior to the appearance of these reports,, we had attempted unsuccessfully to prepare tin(II)methoxide using this reaction but had decided to look for another method because large volumes of methanol were needed to wash the sodium bromide out of the methoxide. Also, the product we obtained from reaction (2) was not the simple methoxide but a hydrolysis product. Accordingly, it was decided to try the reaction SnCl2 + 2 (02115)3?* + 2 CH3O H Sn (OCH3 ) 2 + 2 (C2 H5)NHC1 (3 ) Using
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