, the Basilica and the Bell Tower Archaeological Museum and Lapidary Galleries HOW AND WHERE But the finishing stroke was given to the town in 568 Basilica and Bell Tower First floor of the Archaeological Museum Lapidarium

when the , descended to , chose “ The sacred theme begins again in the hall on the first At the centre of the garden one can see sepulchral mo- Tourist maps and guides to the territory the to guides and maps Tourist Iulii” (today’s Cividale) as the capital of their duchy. The Basilica stands in the historic Piazza Capitolo National floor, at the centre of which is the splendid early- numents, among which the mausoleum of the Curius

After about seven centuries and a half the splendour with the present bell tower (73 metres), which was Christian bronze lamp, together with a valuable col- family (1st cent. A.D.) as well as altars, steles, ossuary- AQUILEIA AND AND AQUILEIA of the ancient metropolis faded forever. actually born as a look-out tower around the year Archaeological lection of Egyptian, Mithraic and Roman finds. altars, sarcophaguses. Walking in the Galleries of the Afterwards, in the patriarchal age (11th-15th cent.) Aq- 1000 using the ashlars of the Roman . However, the adjacent room is one of the prides of porch among remains of architectural elements such uileia underwent some moments of splendour thanks The church of the pagans and the create a the museum owing to the quality, quantity and the as columns, capitals, friezes, plutei, trabeations and to the action of great Patriarchs, when became solemn setting, enhanced by the visible masonries of Museum variety of the engraved gemstones, as well as that of floor of houses and spas is like plunging into a German estate of the Holy . Romanesque-Gothic influence, related to the building blown glassware, ground or fused, featuring wonder- the past. Above all the called “mosaic of the Aquileia With the arrival of the Republic of , which occu- phases of Patriarchs Poppone (1019-1042) and Mar- Lapidary ful colours, shapes, transparencies and iridescences bow”: a floor of considerable artistic value representing pied Friuli in 1420, the Patriarch of Aquileia (not to be quardo (1365-1381). and evidence of a glass works that was very flourish- a vine shoot and an ivy branch tight by a bow, which can UNESCO WORLD confused with the byzantine one of Grado, then trans- The Basilica is dedicated to the Virgin Mary and to Galleries ing until the 2nd century A.D. A presentation of objects be dated back to the 1st century B. C., and the triclinium HERITAGE SITE ferred to Venice in 1451), lost the temporal power, al- Saints Ermacora and Fortunato, protomartyrs of concerning everyday life is provided by the fine exhibi- asaroton (1st cent. B. C.), namely the representation of though it was suppressed for good in 1751. Aquileia and disciples of Saint Mark, according to re- tion of ceramics and metals. an unswept floor, on which food remains are depicted. cent studies, the initiator of the Christian history of Colonized in 181 B.C. in “agro gallorum”, the town the capital of the tenth region “”. The Aquileia. National Archaeological Museum Second floor of the Archaeological Museum of Aquileia was born as a bridgehead for the Roman town underwent a period of prosperity: it soon turned Its importance has left indelible traces in history: it The working of amber (a fossil resin from the Baltic Excavations of the CAL Estate conquest of the areas and with the aim of de- into a centre of important trade exchanges thanks is considered the Ecclesia Mater (mother church) not It is considered one of the largest archaeological mu- Ground floor of the Archaeological Museum considered full of properties) was very renowned in To the west of the Basilica, along the via Giulia Augu- fending the eastern borders to enhance the already to the navigable river that crossed it, the - only of but also of the Countries seums in . Opened in 1882 in the Austri- On the ground floor the bas-relief of the deduction Aquileia, thanks to the production of beautiful rings, sta, there is an area that sets off a small part of the flourishing trade between the eastern Mediterranean Torre, and to the efficient network of roads that linked of Central-Eastern Europe, because the new faith an Villa Cassis Faraone, it is situated along the state of the colony and the inscription of Lucius Manlius pendants, spindles, amulets. ancient town. Rests of houses from the first Empire to basin and the transalpine countries. the town to the Po Valley and to Central Europe. spread to these lands starting from the Church of road that leads to Grado. Acidinus (one of the triumvirs who colonized the In the same room various jewels, the bronze portrait the 4th-5th centuries can be seen. Born as a colony, it will be declared a Municipi- Agriculture developed considerably, with valuable Aquileia. It is surrounded by a garden with luxuriant age-old town) stand out for their historical and artistic impor- of an emperor of the 3rd century and the wall-head um. Around 90 B.C. Julius , too, in the “De bel- cultivations and cattle breeding; ships that trans- The Basilica preserves one of the most extraordinary plants. The materials, all coming from Aquileia or tance, together with the realistic heads-portraits of with the personification of a wind, of Hellenistic in- lo gallico” mentions Aquileia, which was, in fact, the ported building material (stones and marbles), food polychrome mosaic floor complexes (4th cent.) of the from the surroundings, are presented with great ex- private citizens of marble and limestone, the collec- spiration. The numismatic selection is very rich and location of the winter camps. With the administrative products (spices, wine, wheat and ), precious world. It was brought to light in the years 1909-1912. hibition care and refer to a very long time span: some tion of statues of the Julio-Claudian age and the tomb complete. reform of (27 B.C.-14 A.D.) Aquileia became stones, docked in the port. On the other hand, leath- The two main halls, attributed to Theodore, Egyptian finds are of the th5 century B.C. A great num- representations of trades; finally, it is worth pointing ers, wood and metals, especially iron from , were probably used as a church (northern hall) and as ber of them comes from funeral contexts, however, out the sacred finds that, due to their heterogeneity, arrived from Northern countries. As far as trade is a religious education place of those to be christened materials of the 1st century B.C. and of the first two confirm the general religious tolerance of Aquileia. concerned, there were craft enterprises (blacksmiths, (southern hall); other rooms completed and joined centuries of the Empire during which, starting from cartwrights, butchers) of terracotta and ceramics and the first two. Augustus, the town was a large trading centre on the above all glassworks, of blown glass as well, at least The meditated observation of the symbols repre- Mediterranean, prevail. a thousand years before Murano. The population that sented here (animals, plants, men, geometries and The most remarkable productions are those of en- lived within the walls was cosmopolitan, with a very Houses of the Ex Cossar Estates braids, probably of different ages), sometimes of graved gems, of glassware and of amberware. More- heterogeneous ethnic composition. There were not difficult interpretation and probably not all Christian over, the epigraphic heritage, about 450 inscriptions, only Romans and Greeks, but also Syrians, Egyptians, One can see mosaic floors of noble houses inhabited (Gnostic, Jew-Christian), encouraged, by strengthe- and the stone heritage are very important as well. Jews, . One assumes that, at the end of the im- for a long time and thus renovated several times over ning the choice they had made, those who embraced Finally, the floor mosaics are extremely noteworthy perial age, Aquileia had 70,000-100,000 inhabitants: the years: the overlapping of floors and walls and the a new faith as adults. due to their number and quality. They come both from it was the fourth Roman town in Italy and the ninth in consequent loss of the entrance thresholds do not al- Do not forget the frescoes of the apse (1031), almost private houses and from public environments. the whole Empire. low to understand how many houses stood there and all original, and those with the stories of Saint Mark, Christianity arrived very soon in Aquileia, which be- how many rooms they had. In this excavation area the in the crypt of frescoes under the high altar. came the spreading centre of the new faith. most beautiful mosaics were found, which today are However, Aquileia also underwent various critical preserved at the National Archaeological Museum; moments, but it was first with the deviation of the among them, the mosaic of the bow, which separated river, in 361 A.D., and then with the barbarian inva- two spaces perhaps used for different purposes in a For information: For information: sions in the , that a slow decline began, rectangular hall, the asaroton, the unswept floor, and piazza Capitolo,1 via Roma, 1 - tel +39 0431 91016 which precipitated definitively after ’s devasta- the mosaic of Europe on the bull. They are mosaics in tel +39 0431 919719 Entry fee tion in 452. Hellenistic taste of great artistic value. www.aquilieia.net / [email protected] www.museoarcheologicoaquileia.beniculturali.it

AUSTRIA AUSTRIAAUSTRIA Aquileia, the river port The Early Christian Museum and the Forum The Mausoleum, the burial ground, the markets and the churches Important events during the year Zoncolan TarvisioTarvisio Arta Terme Sella Nevea th A23 The river port of Aquileia Early Christian Museum of Monastero Mausoleum St. Anthony’s Church on the sides of the main avenue. 6 January “Festival of the Cabossa” Dolomiti Friulane Monumental tomb discovered in In Via Roma, not far from Aquileia’s The crosses, of wrought iron with

GemonaGemona In the eastern part of the town, where once the wide vertical and enclosed in blocks of Istrian stone, which It is obtained from a large eighteenth-century agri- (titles) in Greek and Latin, and other early Christian 1891 in the hamlet of Roncolon di Archaeological Museum, you will a laurel branch and an oak branch At dusk, fascinating lightning of the bonfire of the smoke: “se il fum al va a soreli a mont, cjape il sac e va Dolomiti deldel Friuli Friuli SLOVENIA FriulaneDolomiti Friulane Europa river Akilis (after which the town is named) Natisone- is more resistant to the corrosion of brackish water cultural building, the “foladôr” or grape mill, partly and early medieval finds. The visit is made spectacu- , not far from Aquileia. find the Baroque St. Anthony’s interwoven around the cross, con- “Cabossa” (a straw figure dressed up like an elderly pal mont, se il fum al va de bande di soreli jevat, cjape Torre flew, which is 48-metre wide and is navigable than other stones. built over what was an important Benedictine nun- lar by the possibility to admire from two large terrac- What can be seen today is a recon- church. It was built between the end tain in the circular bronze plate the woman that symbolizes the year that has just ended). il sac e va al marcjat”. That is to say: if the smoke goes San Daniele Cividale Piancavallo Cividale Piancavallo del Friuli deldel Friuli Regione th Spilimbergo Friuli Venezia Giulia for 10 km, one can see the remains of the ancient The other visible structures are the ramps for store- nery, built on the wall remains of an old early Chris- es the whole mosaic floor of the place of worship, rich struction of 1956. The monument of the 17 century and the beginning name of the fallen, the date of death From the direction of the smoke one foretells the new west (sunset), take your bag and go around the world Spilimbergo UDINE SLOVENIA nd th Palù didi LivenzaLivenza port structure, which was built in the 2 century B.C. houses and the accesses to the town: the port, in fact, tian basilica of the end of the 4 century, which in turn in votive epigraphs of givers, and the two magnificent consists of a central structure, of the 18th century. The façade fea- and the unit of belonging. However, year’s trend. Friuli’s tradition of the cabossa gets lost (… to seek fortune), if the smoke goes east, take your PORDENONEPORDENONE Italia Afterwards, it was enlarged and renovated several was linked to the heart of the town by three sloping used the foundations of an old synagogue. Inside it figured parts (peafowl, lambs, vine) of the ambulatory which contains the cell for placing tures the portal, surmounted by the several graves contain more than in the mists of time. It probably can be traced back to bag and go to the market (a fruitful year). PalmanovaPalmanova GORIZIAGORIZIA th A28 times according to the town’s needs. paved roads. Goods from the whole Mediterranean one can admire a large collection of over 130 “tituli” of the basilica of Beligna (5 cent.). the cinerary urns of the various statues of St. Anthony and two an- one body. The central part of the the time of the Celts and to their rites connected to A4 AeroportoAeroporto FVGFVG st RonchiRonchi dei Legionari During the Empire of Claudius (first half of the 1 cen- (foodstuffs, spices, marbles, precious stones, fabrics) members. Above the dado, in the gels and by two stucco statues. The cemetery features a monument in solar cycles. In fact, it is a tradition deeply rooted in Infopoint Aquileia A4 dei Legionari AquileiaAquileia tury A.D.) it was given the monumental and rational and intended for internal use or for the Danube mar- elegant aedicule surmounted by a interior is particularly elegant, dec- memory of all the fallen: it repre- the territory: on the twelfth night (between 5th and via Iulia Augusta Bus Parking/Terminal VENEZIA Forum and Decumanus of Aratria Galla VENEZIA arrangement documented by the visible remains. kets arrived at the port of Aquileia. scaled cusp with a pinecone (funer- orated with fine frescoes (Annuncia- sents an arcosolium open on the 6th January), when the supernatural reveals itself, 33051 Aquileia (Ud) SLOVENIA Lignano GradoGrado The pier was made up of an upper and a lower dock, Among the cypress trees along the path you will see The Forum of Aquileia (115x57 metres) is of elongated civil and religious ceremonies. To the south of the al symbol) at its end, one can see tion, Flight into Egypt, Evangelists, Karst: an altar of sacrifice with a the large fire is lit in the countryside and, sipping Tel and fax +39 0431 919491 Sabbiadoro TRIESTE this to allow boats of different sizes to dock and to reclaimed remains, such as a solar clock, inscripted shape. It appears to us in the reconstruction carried square are the remains of the Forensic basilica (vis- the headless statue of the person to St. Anthony and four Virgin Saints triumphal arch. The bodies of Ten hot wine, people wait to interpret the direction of the [email protected] altars, fragments of graves and above all a large out in 1936, which reflects the late-antique building Unknown Soldiers have been pre- - Aquileia - - Dolomiti Friulane - - - - Palù di Livenza - avoid the differences in height due to tides and floods. ible to the west of the Via Iulia Augusta), which was which the mausoleum was dedicat- of Aquileia: Erasma, Euphemia, marble trabeation, supported by columns of modern situation. Especially remarkable is the colonnade, served under this monument since O The upper level was provided with protruding and the Courthouse and the meeting place of traders and Tempora in Aquileia – Re-enactment O I M ed. Considering the impressiveness and Dorothy, St. Catherine I M N ON U O UN ONIO MU NIO M M N IM D M N O UN I D R I D IM D R I T IA R I R T A T A T IA

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O H O H O H O horizontal mooring rings, still visible, although new small bricks, belonging to a second-century luxury which supported a portico, raised with three steps, exchange agents. The Basilica was an environment of of the structure and the objects 4th November 1921. At the foot of H and St. Felicity). The frescoes are E M E M E M R R E M E I E R E R IT T N I I E A IN A I TA IN T N G O G O G O A I E • IM E • IM E • M G O PATR PATR PATRI E • PATRIM United Nations Archaeological Area and United Nations The United Nations Longobards in Italy. United Nations Prehistoric Pile dwellings finds today may let think of bases for a port machine, building. overlooked by shops, taverns and religious and civil 2,250 square metres of rectangular shape with two carved on the dado, the tomb must attributed to French painter Louis the monument there is also the In the third week of June, the Celtic ritual of the Sacred Educational, Scientific and the Patriarchal Basilica of Aquileia Educational, Scientific and inscribed on the World Educational, Scientific and Places of the power (568-774 A.D.) Educational, Scientific and around the Cultural Organization inscribed on the World Cultural Organization Heritage List in 2009 Cultural Organization inscribed on the World Cultural Organization inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1998 Heritage List in 2011 Heritage List in 2011 called ciconia, whereas in the lower level they are buildings, among which the forensic basilica. At the opposing apses to the east and to the west of the be referred to an important munici- Dorigny, who worked in Friuli for a sepulchre of the woman who chose Fire inaugurates a three day event of exciting challenges base of the steps there was a channel for rainwater structure, and was almost 90 metre long. pal magistrate of the Augustan age. long period (first decade of the 18th the body of the soldier to be trans- with gladiators, banquets, battles between Romans and draining; the square, of over ten thousand square The decumanus (east-west direction road) is to the The Mausoleum is surrounded by a century). Next to the Church there is ferred to the Altar of the Fatherland , music and ancient rituals. Celtic and Roman HOW TO GET THERE metres, was paved with Karst stone (some pavement south of the Forum and is made up of large basoli, fence on whose angular plinths two a small exhibition room that houses in : Maria Bergamas, who re-enactors animate the whole town with the recon- BY CAR BY PLANE BY TRAIN fragments are still visible); the plinths with the heads perfectly connected paving stones that form the road lions with an apotropaic function themed exhibitions. had lost her son at war. struction of a Roman camp and a Celtic village offering Motorways Regional Airport of Trieste www.trenitalia.it of Medusa and Jupiter Ammon, representing the East paving. In the section between the Forum and the are placed: with a paw they seize everybody the thrill of reliving the ambience of the time A4 Torino - Trieste 40 km from Trieste and Udine Call Centre 89.20.21 and the West, and the figured transennae express the port it is dedicated to Aratria Galla, a matron from a ram head, as a warning against The Church of the Virgins The Markets of the foundation of Aquileia in the distant 181 B.C. 15 km from A23 Palmanova - Udine - nd nd A28 Portogruaro - 80 km from Pordenone taste of the end of the 2 century. The Roman Fo- Aquileia, who in the 2 century financed the restora- possible desecrators. It is a nineteenth-century recon- In the Roman Age Aquileia was a www.aeroporto.fvg.it rum was the main square and was a natural meeting tion of the road. The matron’s name is known thanks struction of a Medieval church. It big trading centre. In the middle of Info place, where one made business, talked politics and to two commemorative inscriptions preserved at the The Burial Ground stands at the confluence of the two a field, to the south of the Patriar- www.fondazioneaquileia.it and [email protected] administered justice, where people also met to attend Lapidarium of the Archaeological Museum. Outside the town, along the road resurgence rivers (Natissa and Ter- chal basilica, a sandstone paved Design and Creation:Creation: Five Five Zone Zone Udine Udine _ _Cartography Cartography of ofPamanova: Pamanova: Tarabocchia Tarabocchia / Cartography / Cartography of FVG: of FVG: LAC LACFirenze Firenze _ Printing: _ Printing: La Tipografica SincromiaGrafiche srlAntiga srl ( - Pordenonespa UD) Texts by:by: PromoTurismoFVG_Agenzia TurismoFVG_ Translation Translation by: D’Agostiniby: D’Agostini Organizzazione Organizzazione Dipartimento Dipartimento linguistico linguistico Dagoservice Dagoservice _ Photographs: _ Photographs: Archivio ArchivioPromoTurismoFVG, Turismo FVG, Fabrice Fabrice Gallina, Gallina, axes, there were burial grounds, zo): walk up along their banks and area, recognized as a public mar- Società perper la la conservazione conservazione della della Basilica Basilica di Aquileia,di Aquileia E. -Andrian, E. Andrian, Ecoplane, Ecoplane, M. Lavazza M. Lavazza Seranto. Seranto. like that of , an important you will enjoy an amazing natural ket, has been brought to light. This Aquileia Film Festival – International Archaeology Film Festival example of Roman cemetery: it setting. area, surrounded by a double row of consists of a series of fenced sepul- quadrangular bases, represents the For three days, during the last week of July, Piazza AGENZIA TURISMOFVG Discovery Card chres, of different types and periods. The Cemetery of Heroes remains of the roofs that covered Capitolo is transformed into a lavish open-air hall Behind the bell tower, a place of the spaces of the market stands. and Aquileia becomes the stage for the protagonists Permanent exhibition memory and reflection: the Cem- of research and popular science. On the list is a Villa Chiozza - via Carso, 3 “Aquileia, a crossroads etery of Heroes. During the First selection of documentaries chosen among the best 33052Villa Chiozza Cervignano - via Carso, del Friuli 3 (UD) of the Roman Empire” World War the first Italian fallen international archaeological, historical and ethno- tel33052 +39 Cervignano 0431 387111 del / Friuli fax +39 (UD) 0431 387199 Situated opposite the TurismoFVG but also Austro-Hungarian soldiers logical productions of the film industry. And also, in [email protected] +39 0431 387111 / fax +39 0431 387199 [email protected] tourist information office, it provides who, taken prisoners, had died in the course of the evenings, meetings and interviews a wide photographic survey of the the military hospitals of Aquileia, with leading figures in the world of archaeology and history of Aquileia. Free admission. were buried in the old cemetery popular science. All screenings and interviews have Info that surrounded the Basilica. The a free admission. old cemetery was progressively INFOPOINT PROMOTURISMOFVGAquileia di AQUILEIA Infopoint Palmanova Infopoint via Iulia Augusta Parcking / Bus terminal Borgo Udine, 4 transformed into a war cemetery: Info via Iulia Augusta Bus Parking/Terminal 33051 Aquileia (UD) 33057 Palmanova (UD) the walls were adorned by laurel www.fondazioneaquileia.it and [email protected] 33051 Aquileia (UD) tel +39 0431 919491 / fax +39 0431 919491 Tel. +39 0432 924815 plants, and box plants were planted tel +39 0431 919491 / fax +39 [email protected] 919491 [email protected] [email protected] aquileia_mappa_mod.pdf 1 09/12/14 15:48

Road map of the surroundings of Aquileia Map of Aquileia with main points of interest

MAP OF THE TOWN OF AQUILEIA Points of interest and itineraries to the discovery of the town centre

01 Turist office “PromoTurismo FVG” 10 Market Areas 02 Candia Mausoleum 11 Late-antique double circle of walls 03 Decumanus Maximus 12 National Archaeological called of Aratria Galla 13 Roman Houses Museum 04 Roman Forum 14 Roman burial ground 05 Roman river port 15 Remains of the northern walls Belvedere 06 Roman buildings of the Cossar Estate 16 Early Christian Museum 07 Complex of the Patriarchal Basilica and St. Mark 08 Bell Tower, Cimitero degli Eroi THE SURROUNDINGS OF AQUILEIA 09 Südhalle

Aquileia Point of interest with audio guide description Saint Mark’s Pinewood UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITE USEFUL NUMBERS - NUMBERS FOR EMERGENCIES At about 5 km from Aquileia, in the direction of Grado, Aquileia, situated in the fascinating lagoon area of the north-eastern Adriatic, a few kilometres from you will find St. Mark’s hill, a large sand dune rich Infopoint PROMOTURISMOFVG Provincial public transport the well-known seaside resort of Grado, attracts every year a very large number of visitors coming Bus Terminal Square Piazzale Martiri della Libertà, Gorizia in vegetation overlooking the Lagoon of Grado. Ac- from all over the world. Aquileia is one of the most important archaeological sites in northern Italy, tel +39 0431 919491 tel +39 0481 593511 cording to Aquileia’s tradition, it is here that Mark listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1998. Municipality of Aquileia SAF Autoservizi FVG (public bus transport) the apostle disembarked, coming from , to Piazza Garibaldi, 7 Via Baldasseria Bassa, 75 - Udine A place of historical memory and evidence of a long past. carry out the evangelization of these lands and found- tel +39 0431 916911 tel +39 0432 608111 800 +39 915313 0432 / 5244060432 524406 ed the Church of Aquileia. Fondazione Aquileia [email protected]@saf.ud.it PROMOTURISMOFVG A small eighteenth-century church (1747), built by Via Patriarca Popone, 7 tel e fax +39 0431 917619 Coach Station AREA Marquis Francesco Savorgnan, stands on the top of Piazza G. Marconi, 11 - Cervignano SCAVO GRANDI Association of the Municipal Tourist Boards tel +39 0431 32628 TERME the hill; the small St. Mark’s church, situated next to Piazza Capitolo, 4 the graveyard, is surrounded by a small but enchant- tel +39 0431 91087 Hospital - 118 Via Natisone, 11 - Palmanova Belvedere ing pinewood, which stretches towards the lagoon, National Archaeological Museum of Aquileia tel +39 0432 921111 consisting of stone pine and black pine evergreen Via Roma, 1 SÜDHALLE tel +39 0431 91016 Croce Verde Ambulance Service Already known in the Roman age, the territory of Bel- trees, representing a very rare example of the pine- Via Aquileia, 33 - Cervignano vedere was donated in 1387 by the Patriarch of Aq- woods with which these lands were covered in ancient Early Christian Museum tel +39 0481 31111 Hamlet of Monastero uileia to the Savorgnan noble family, that, being tight- times. It is an extremely charming place, immersed in tel +39 0431 91131 Chemist’s Shop ly related to the City of the Doges, transformed the a green and silent area, reachable by bicycle, motor- Corso Gramsci, 18 Basilica of Aquileia tel +39 0431 91001 patriarchal estate into a small corner of Venice: the cycle or car. Piazza Capitolo The Basilica of Aquileia Roman burial ground Detail of a mosaic small church of Belvedere, dedicated to St. Anthony tel +39 0431 91067 Carabinieri Flying Squad - 112 Aquileia Headquarters - Via Leicht, 2 the Abbot, built in 1746 by Francesco Savorgnan, con- Doc Aquileia tel +39 0431 919298 Aquileia Road Wine - Information point tains important works of art by well-known Venetian Via Giulia Augusta, 18 Police - Emergency Service - 113 artists (the copy of Guardi’s altarpiece, situated over tel e fax +39 0431 919066 Viale Taglio, 30 Palmanova tel +39 0432 924049 the high altar, the right altarpiece, the angels of the Friuli Venezia Giulia’s Airport - Flight Info high altar by Morlaiter). Next to the church of Belve- Via Aquileia, 46 - Ronchi dei Legionari Municipal Police tel +39 0481 773224 Via , 20 - Cervignano dere is the Savorgnan-Fior-Pasi Villa, built in the per- tel +39 0431 32253 fect style of a Venetian villa. The Savorgnans were the Railway Station Scala chilometrica 285714_Palmanova.pdf 1 15/12/14 17:38 Via Stazione, 33 - Cervignano Autofficina .lliF Bandiera Repair Shop owners of Belvedere until 1805; afterwards, the lands Call Center Trenitalia 199 892 021 Via Giulia Augusta, 9 were sold to the Colloredo family and, in 1882, to the tel +39 0431 91002 / Cell +39 348 5830002 Viaggiare Informati (Traffic Information) Fior family. Today, a wide area has been transformed 380.000 5 km. 10 km. 15 km. 20 km. 25 km. tel 1518 Autofficina Nadalin Repair Shop FARMACIA for tourist purposes into a large campsite. Via Giuseppe Mazzini, 14 tel +39 0431 91366 The presbytery of the Basilica Interior of the Basilica The Roman Forum

Aquileia e Palmanova_TFVG_UK.indd 1 14/01/15 13:38 Map of the centre of Palmanova with main points of interest

I Palmanova Palmanova THE FORTRESS TOWN UNESCOA RENAISSANCE WORLD HERITAGE STAR SITE An outline of the town’s history a nine-pointed star with nine solid ramparts. The de- At the fall of the Serenissima and after the Treaty of After the Napoleonic period, the town passed under The fortress of Palmanova is not only a gem of military art but also a casket full of curious aspects. L The building of this fortress started in 1593 by order sign by architect Giulio Savorgnan is a masterpiece of Campo Formio (1797) the town soon returned un- the Habsburg rule (1814-1866). It is a model of town unique of its kind, in the shape of a perfectly symmetrical nine-pointed star. of the Serenissima that aimed at military engineering: he availed himself of the help der the Austrian rule, but in 1805 it was occupied by In 1866, at the end of the 3rd War of Independence, it A bulwark of the renaissance concept of ideal town wanted by the Venetian Government to defend H defending the eastern border, as well as from the of architects working at Venice’s Office, Napoleon Bonaparte’s French troops. Napoleon es- was annexed to the Kingdom of Italy. During the First the eastern border from the Ottoman raids and from the expansion goals of Austria. raids of the Turks and of the Uskoks (pirates of Slavic essentially taking into account the range of the weap- tablished his headquarters in the town and built an World War the town was the location of hospitals, Since 1960 it has beenbeen consideredconsidered aa nationalnational monument.monument and since 2017 Unesco World Heritage Site. B G race), from the expansion goals of Austria as well. ons of that time. The military reasons at the basis of additional circle of walls - the range of the guns, in storehouses and a clearing and supply centre for the F Declared a a national national monument monument in 1960in 1960, and theUnesco fortress- World its foundation determined its external arrangement fact, had increased and therefore the thickness of troops stationed on the Isonzo river. After the defeat D A E Heritagetown is notSite onlyin 2017, one the of fortresstown the best preserved is not only examples one of the in the shape of a nine-pointed star surrounded by the existing defences was insufficient - equipping it of Caporetto Palmanova was set on fire by the retreat- 18 B bestof military preserved architecture examples of of military the Renaissance, architecture ofbut the also Re- three circles of fortified walls (the first two Venetian, with the so-called “lunettes”, of half-moon ing Italian troops. naissance,features the but concept also features of ideal the concepttown. Looking of ideal town.at it from Loo- the third Napoleonic), each built in axis with respect shape; moreover, he built functional structures, such C kingabove, at it it from is possible above, it tois possible admire to the admire perfection the perfection of the to the previous one in order to create three perfectly as powder magazines and casemates. ofcharacteristic the characteristic polygonal polygonal urban urban layout layout in in the the shape shape of symmetrical nine-pointed stars inside one another.

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The of Palmanova The interior of the Cathedral Porta Udine Gate 06 03

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Fortifications Aerial view of the town The powder magazine

Palmanova Palmanova, walking in the town centre The and the other historic palaces 13

Palazzo del A little further, in Borgo Udine, of Arms) is an elegant Venetian The Fortifications moat, a structure equipped with OTHER HISTORIC PALACES 01 Generale (Palace of the Palazzo Trevisan houses the Mu- building dating back to 1613. The From Portathe Monumental Cividale it isGates possible it is an artillery emplacement and with General Superintendent) nicipal History Museum. Founded seat of the military authority and topossible follow toa follow short itinerarya short itinerary among powder magazines as well as with Montesanto Barracks Town Hall of Palmanova, with the aim of letting people dis- afterwards aa property of the Na-Na- theamong various the various fortified fortified elements elements of underground tunnels. A bulwark defence structure piazza Grande, 1 cover, through documents, maps, poleonic military State. Today it theof the town: town: the the curtain curtain,, on on thethe sideside From the square of the ravelin one of 1808, half-embedded in the 33057 - Palmanova (Ud) weapons, coins, paper money and houses the Management Offices of of the nonagonnonagon of of the the fortress; fortress; the the accesses the road that leads di- Grimani , and designed by 19 tel +39 0432 922111 relics, the history of the fortress in the MilitaryMuseum History of the Museum.Great War and cavalier, a high post on the cur- rectly to the Napoleonic lunette, General Chasseloup of the French www..palmanova.ud.it its historical periods: the Venetian, InPalmanova the Keep Fortress. of Porta Cividale you tain for long-range artillery; the the third fortified line, made by the Military Engineers, which then be- Opposite the Cathedral, on the op- the Napoleonic, the Austrian and canIn the visit Keep the ofMilitary Porta Cividale History Mu-you bastion, in the shape of an arrow French Engineers, in obedience to came the Montesanto Barracks. posite side of the square, you can the Italian periods. seumcan visit, which the Museumextends overof the an Great area head, with wide flat spaces for the Napoleon’s will, in 1805-1806. see the symbol of the civil power ofWar 35 and hectares; Palmanova it preserves Fortress uni-, artillery and with depots for weap- The subsoil“caponier” is crossed is the by centrala net- Napoleonic Powder Magazines of the ancient fortress: the Palazzo Near the Municipal History Mu- forms,which extends documents over andan area war of finds 35 ons; the fausse-braye, a rampart structurework of mines equipped or tunnel with passages posts for House the Exhibition of Ancient The Gates Piazza Grande The Cathedral del Provveditore Generale (Palace seum is the Palazzo delle Finanze fromhectares; 1593 it to preserves 1945. The uniforms, museum parallel to the curtain wall for pro- the(they fortress have been guns, mapped protected on aon total its Prints and stage several other cul- of the General Superintendent), o del Ragionato (Finance Palace), providesdocuments evidence and war of thefinds origin from of tecting the soldiers’ movements sidesarea ofby 7 two km). stone The ravelinvaulted tunnels cham- tural activities. The town can be accessed through The heart of the star-shaped town On the façade of the Cathedral of today’s Town Hall. Started in 1598, built in 1598 as the seat of the the1593 fortress-town to 1945. The and museum of the pres- pro- from the internal fortifications bersare worth called a “casemates”.visit. Some of The those lu- three monumental gates, attribut- is Piazza Grande, the ancient hex- Palmanova, in the square, of Ba- it was enlarged in 1611. Next to treasurer of the Serenissima. encevides ofevidence garrisons of thefrom origin 1593 of until the to the external ones; the moat, a netteopen tocan the bepublic reached are the along Venetian the Theatre ed to architect Vincenzo Scamozzi agonal parade ground, from which roque inspiration, one can see, the palace, the Loggia della Gran The Palazzo del Monte di Pi- today.fortress-town and of the presence ditch that separates the first circle externalcountermine road gallery or through which a can fasci- be Built in Neoclassical style between from . Porta Aquileia (ini- the six main streets (three bor- inside as many niches, the statues Guardia (Loggia of the Guard), the età (Pawn Palace) (opposite the of garrisons from 1593 until today. of fortifications from the second natingreached walk from in Porta the tunnels Udine (Udine under 1841 and 1843 according to the de- tially Porta Marittima), magnifi- oughs and three quarters) start. of Christ the Redeemer, of Saint seat of the troops that watched Palazzo dei Provveditori, on the Venetian defence line; the rave- thegate) circles via the of walls,low moat as the path, soldiers the sign by architect Giovanni Battista cent and elegant, dates back to The square, at the centre of which Mark - the patron saint of the over the General Superintendent, corner between via Aquileia and lin, an outer rampart in axis with didlunette during mines the patrol and rounds.last but not Bassi from Friuli. 1598. Porta Udine and Porta Civ- the high banner that symbolizes Republic of Venice - and of Saint and the LoggiaLoggia deidei MercantiMercanti (Mer-(Mer- the square) was built in 1666 to of- the curtain and protected by a dry least, the drainage pipelines. MAP OF THE CITY OF PALMANOVA idale, started in 1604 and complet- the fortress stands, is adorned by , whose day - 7th october chants’ Loggia Loggia), today which “Loggia contains dei Ca a- fer support to poor citizens. Points of interest and itineraries to the discovery of the town centre Useful numbers ed in 1605, feature a more sober the statues that represent the Gen- – also coincides with the victory monumentduti”), which tocontains the fallen a monument by Mar- The Palazzo del Governatore delle structure. eral Superintendents of the for- of Lepanto against the Turks and celloto the Mascherini. fallen by Marcello Mascherini. Armi (Palace of the Governor 01 The Gates 11 Montesanto Barracks TouristPalmanova Office Tourist of Palmanova Office Municipality of Palmanova Inside them one can see the nich- tress, considered one of the most with the foundation of the town of 02 Piazza Grande 12 Garzoni Napoleonic Powder Magazine Borgo Udine, 4 MunicipalityPiazza Grande, of Palmanova1 es with the fireplaces once used by prestigious offices in the govern- Palmanova. The central clipeus, tel and+39 0432fax +39 924815 0432 924815 Piazzatel +39 Grande,0432 922111 1 03 Cathedral 13 Foscarini Napoleonic Powder Magazines the soldiers and the large studded ment of the Serenissima Republic on the other hand, stages St. e-mail: [email protected]@comune.palmanova.ud.it telfax +39 +39 0432 0432 922111 923346 wooden doors. of Venice. Piazza Grande is over- Mark’s lion. 04 Palace of the General Superintendent 14 Theatre Visits for groups and school faxwww.comune.palmanova.ud.it +39 0432 923346 Inside Porta Udine one can see the looked by the town’s most impor- 05 Palazzo Trevisan/Municipal History Museum 15 Loggia dei mercantiMercanti (Merchants’ LoggiaLoggia) parties also by appointment www.comune.palmanova.ud.it today Loggia dei Caduti) lifting wheels of the drawbridge. tant monuments, above all the sev- The single-nave cathedral pre- 06 Finance Palace 16 Loggia della Gran Guardia (Loggia of the Guard) “Alcide Muradore” Municipal Library enteenth-century Cathedral built serves valuable works of art Loggia della Gran Guardia (Loggia of the Guard) Municipal History Museum “Alcidevia Loredan, Muradore” 1 Municipal Library 07 Pawn Palace by the Fortification Office of Venice. among which a wooden Madonna Borgo Udine, 4 viatel Loredan,+39 0432 1929566 attributed to Domenico from Tol- 08 Palace of the Governor of Arms and Tourist office PROMOTURISMOFVG telDirezione: and fax tel.+39 +390432 0432 929106 922131 telfax +39 +39 0432 0432 929566 923346 Management Office of the Museum of mezzo (dating back to the end of 09 Keepthe Great of Porta War Cividaleand the Fortress Palmanova faxwww.infoteca.it +39 0432 923346 the 15th century), frescoes by Do- MilitaryMuseum History of the Great Museum War www.infoteca.it/palmanovae-mail: [email protected] Historical re-enactment 09 ManagementMuseum of the Military Great WarHistory and Museum Palmanova Fortress menico Fabris and the Altarpiece 10 Museumand Palmanova Location: Fortress Keep of Porta Cividale e-mail: [email protected] 10 The Fortifications of the troops (dating back to 1641) On During the thesecond first weekend Sunday in of September, July the firstSeptember time the1615, flag where, of the not Serenissi- far from manoeuvresthe local food and and assaults: wine specialities, all this The Fortifications telMuseum +39 0432 Location: 923535 Keep of Porta Cividale A by Alessandro Varotari called Il oldthe ancientfortress fortress experiences relives theagain glories the mathe star-shapedRepublic of city,Venice the atbloody the centre War of underall under the the large great gonfalon gonfalon hoistedwith the in A CurtainCurtain Piazzatel +39 Grande,0432 923535 21 Consorzio Tutela Vini Doc Friuli Aquileia of the Republic of Venice era with its Gradisca also took place. Piazza Grande with the effigy of the Lion Padovanino. splendour of the Serenissima Re- of the parade ground, surrounded image of St. Mark’s Lion hoisted BB CavalierCavalier telManagement: +39 0432 928175 Piazza Grande, 21 tel. + 39 0431 919066 1615 AD Palma alle Armi (Palmanova Visitors will be able to witness military of Saint Mark. The gonfalon will be lo- The double ceiling truss of painted public age and sacred and profane by all the town’s authorities. The in Piazza Grande and that, with a C e-mail:tel +39 [email protected] 928175 at Arms) historical reenactment. This manoeuvres, skirmishes and great bat- wered during the torchlight procession C LoggiaLoggia larchwood is very precious as well. are combined in one single event. knights, the ladies, the people, fascinating closing ceremony, will e-mail: [email protected] event will see the Palmanova fortress tles in the open field. They can admire in the stunning closing ceremony. DD BulwarkBulwark oror BastionBastion The bell tower, adjacent to the ca- The Most Holy Redeemer, the all rigorously wearing period co- be hauled down in the sunset light. under siege by the imposing Habsburg the military camp of reenactors who EE LoggiaLoggia // TheThe sortiesortie tunneltunnel thedral, dates back to 1776. town’sarmy which, protector in addition and topatron the Ottoman saint, stumescome from and all oversuits Europe of armours, and take FF isEmpire, celebrated used to constantly and the townthreaten goes the recreatepart in the thefestivities atmosphere with dances, of fourmu- For information: Fausse-brayeFausse-braye backborders in of time the Republic to July of 1602, Venice. when This hundrsic, drumed rollsyears and ago. renaissance Court dances, tourna- Tourist Office of Palmanova GG MoatMoat theevent then aims General to recall Superintendent,the conflicts that horsements andcarousels, games. Theyweapon can alsohandling stroll Borgo Udine, 4 HH RavelinRavelin Gerolamotook place Cappello,on the Friuli raised plain for during the exhibitions,through the historical simulations markets of military and try tel +39 0432 924815 II LunetteLunette L Venetian countermine gallery

Surroundings of Palmanova

San Canzian Clauiano Strassoldo d’Isonzo ONE OF ITALY’S MOST BEAUTIFUL TOWNS TOWN OF THE CASTLES THE TOWN OF SUNDIALS THE SAINTS CANTIUS

In the municipality of , a few kilo- side the town, among the fields and close to a grove, At a short distance from Aquileia, as “water castles”, being situated For information: At 7 km from Cervignano you will find Aiello, a small admire valuable historic buildings with imposing fa- The history of this town is linked to the Martyrdom of the four virgins parish church preserves valuable metres (4 km) from Palmanova, you will find the small you will find the small St. Mark’s Church. a few kilometres before the Re- in the resurgence via dei Castelli, 22 town in the resurgence area, once rich in mills and çades, such as: Villa Attems, the eighteenth-century that of Aquileia; in fact, one of the of Aquileia and the other the three finds, such as funerary inscrip- medieval town of Clauiano, one of the best preserved The first documents date back to the 13th century but naissance town of Palmanova, you area. On the left you can see the 33052 Strassoldo where several Roman finds have been found, among Villa de Fin-Teuffenbach, the nineteenth-century Villa largest sepulchral areas of the 2nd martyrs from Aquileia, Cantius, tions, sculptures, mosaics. in Friuli’s plain. it is supposed to be older, as it was probably situated will find a small medieval town of former huskery of the castle, da- (Ud) which the statue of the leader Navarca, preserved at Michieli-Zamparini with its chapel, as well as Villa century B.C. developed along Via Cantianius and Cantianilla, the The origins of the town date back to the Middle Ages: along the old medieval road that from Aquileia led to remarkable beauty: Strassoldo, ting back to 1812, which supplied tel +39 0431 93093 the museum of Aquileia and found in the 1950s in the Strassoldo-Parisi, surrounded by a large park. Gemina. children of a local Roman noble fa- For information: the oldest buildings can be attributed to the 15th cen- Cividale, with subsequent rearrangements in the 16th which features two of the oldest rice to the Viennese Court. [email protected] countryside between Aiello and Cavenzano. mily that had rural properties. LargoComune Garibaldi, di San Canzian 37 d’Isonzo tury and are located around St. George’s Church and century. The charm of this place is enhanced by the castles of Friuli, the Castello di Next to the castle is the thirteenth- Finally, it isis worth worth pointing pointing out out the the Museum Friulian of Farming the Ru- Inside the Parish Church you can HamletL.go G. Garibaldi,of Pieris 37 in via Borgo S. Martino. frescoes (mid-14th cent.) that adorn the apse, and the Sopra (Upper Castle) and the Ca- century Church of Santa Maria in Ass. Europea Valorizzazione In the latest years the town has been characterised ralCulture Civilization Museum, of Imperiallocated in Friuli, a former located business in a former centre see the high altar carved by P. Zu- The two brothers, first officers of tel34075 +39 San 0481 Canzian 472311 d’Isonzo (GO) More numerous are the buildings of the 17th and 18th seats along the perimeter of the walls, like in Oriental stello di Sotto (Lower Castle). Vineis, which preserves a cycle Castelli, Palazzi e Giardini Storici by the realization of numerous sundials on the walls businessmade up ofcentre buildings made that up ofdate buildings back from that the date 18th back to liani (1750 1767) and the triptych the , were converted faxtel +39+39 04814723110481 472334 centuries. Over time the town has kept unchanged churches. Various are the hypotheses con- of fourteenth-century frescoes Castle of StrassoldoStrassoldo di di Sopra Sopra of public buildings and private houses. The sundials, fromthe 20th the century18th to the and 20 ofth centurya large andoutdoor of a largearea. outdoorIt docu- of Saints Cantius, Cantianius and to Christianity, together with their fax +39 0481472334 both its town-planning structure (the original medi- cerning the origin of its name. In among the most beautiful and best via dei Castelli,Castelli, 25 25 that is to say, the solar clocks that have marked time area.ments It thedocuments rural life the in therural County life in ofthe Gorizia County and of Gori- Gra- Cantianilla, of 1581, attributed to G. sister Cantianilla. They were per- www.comune.sancanziandisonzo.go.it eval plan) and the typical rural architectures of Friuli: For information: Tourist Office of Palmanova German Strasse Holt means “to preserved in Friuli. 3305033052 fraz.Strassoldo Strassoldo, Cervignano since ancient times, provide modern man with the si- ziadisca and between Gradisca 1500 between and 1918. 1500 and 1918. Secante from Udine. secuted and killed in 304 A.D. the old houses made of stones, with the main side Borgo Udine 4 - 33057 Palmanova (Ud) keep, to control the road”. It is cer- Moreover, St. Nicholas’ Church teldel +39Friuli 0431 (UD) 93217 lent and discreet possibility to read time, reminding Of considerable interest, in the This has been considered a legend overlooking the road and the inner courtyard. tel / fax: +39 0432 924815 tain that the homonymous family, (1725-1750), which preserves two [email protected] him - with the shadow of the gnomon - to live fully In the rural village of Joannis you can admire the upper hall, two paintings by Fur- for a long time, until their relics Embellishing elements are the elegant doors, sur- [email protected] the Strassoldo counts, have been paintings by Pierre Bainville and www.castellodistrassoldo.it each moment of his existence. Strassoldo-Frangipane Palace, whose oldest body lanetto, a Venetian painter who were found in 1960. rounded by white stones, which introduce to large living here for a thousand years or the Renaissance altar of the risen Please note: for information on the dates back to the 15th century. worked between the 18th century In the Antiquarium Cantianen- arcades. even more. Christ, attributed to Bernardino visits and events at the castles. Along the town’s streets one can admire over sixty Of the same period is also a centa (row of buildings) of and the 19th century, one depicting se, an exhibition room next to the In the main street of the town you will find St. George The town, which dates back to the da Bissone, a sculptor from Ti- sundials of different types. One can read the Babylo- the rural type, with the remains of the old graveyard the Martyr Church (18th cent.), in which you can ad- thirteenth century, can be acces- cino active in Friuli since 1491, is Santa Maria in Vineis nian time, that of the ancient Romans, the Italic time and of the ancient Church of Sant’Agnese in Centa, mire a remarkable sixteenth-century font. Just out- sed through the tower-gate called worth a visit. However, few peo- Visits byby appointmentappointment Municipal and the Islamic times. The fulcrum of the itinerary built between 1742 and 1749. In ancient times the “Cisis”, which overlooks an ave- ple know that in this small church MunicipalTourist Board Tourist “Amici Board di Strassoldo” is the Courtyard of Sundials, without forgetting the cente (rows of buildings) were provided with walled nue surrounded by 16th-century Field Marshal Radetzky marri- “AmiciBorgo dei di Strassoldo”Castelli, 3 universal sundial, which reveals where in the world curtains and turrets (for defence purposes) to which houses. From the bridge over the ed Countess Francesca Romana Borgo33052 fraz.dei Castelli, Strassoldo, 3 Cervignano the sun is rising and setting at that moment. In short, some civil buildings were also added. Taglio one can enjoy a magnificent Strassoldo on 22nd April 1798. teldel +39Friuli 0431 (UD) 93298 - tel +39 0431 93298 sundials that will charm you with their shadows and view over the Castello di Sotto Leaving the town through the Ci- lights, letting you endorse the advice of their mottos. (1360), imposing and surrounded stigna Gate, you can go right and Recurring events Information on the Friulian Farming Culture Museum by an age-old park crossed by ir- reach the bridge from which you In spring: In the town centre you will then find the seventeenth- Information:via F. Petrarca, 1 rigation ditches. can admire the old mill of Stras- “Flowers Water and Castles” century Parish Church dedicated to St. Ulrich; the De www.ilpaesedellemeridiane.com33041 Aiello del Friuli (UD) Scala chilometrica 285714_Palmanova.pdf 1 15/12/14 17:38 To access the Castello di Sopra soldo. Going straight on, after the In autumn: Bona-Urbanis Castle, which stands on the remains of tel. +39 0481535170 (1322), too, it is necessary to cross sports ground, you will see two “Fruit Water and Castles” a late-medieval fortified construction; St. Dominic’s Informationcell. +39 3883534773 on the Museum of Rural Civilization: a small bridge over the Taglio river. “ponds”, actually two eighteenth- During these events it is possible Church and the former convent. [email protected] +39 338 3534773 380.000 5 km. 10 km. 15 km. 20 km. 25 km. The two castles are characterized century fish ponds. to visit the castles and their parks. Moreover, in the “Pascut” widening it is possible to [email protected] (visits by appointment)

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