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KONY 2012

Promotional poster for the video, featuring stylized forms of the donkey symbolizing the Democratic Party and the elephant symbolizing the Republican Party, overlapping to form a white dove of peace.

[1] Directed by

Produced by Kimmy Vandivort Heather Longerbeam Chad Clendinen [1] Noelle Jouglet

Written by Jason Russell Jedidiah Jenkins Kathryn Lang Danica Russell Ben Keesey [1] Azy Groth

[1] Narrated by Jason Russell

Cinematography Jason Russell Bobby Bailey Laren Poole Gavin Kelly Chad Clendinen Kevin Trout Jay Salbert [1] Shannon Lynch

Editing by Kevin Trout Jay Salbert [1] Jesse Eslinger Distributed by , Inc.

Release date(s) • March 5, 2012 (Internet) Running time 30 minutes Country United States Language English

Kony 2012 (officially KONY 2012 or Kony2012) is a created by Invisible Children, Inc., authors of Invisible Children, and released on March 5, 2012.[2][3][4][5] The film's purpose is to promote the charity's "Stop Kony" movement to make Ugandan indicted war criminal and International Criminal Court fugitive globally known in order to have him arrested by December 2012, the time when the campaign expires.[6] The film spread virally.[7][8][9] As of 30 March 2012, the film had over 86 million views on video-sharing website YouTube,[10] and over 16.6 million views on ,[11] with other viewing emanating from a central "Kony 2012" website operated by Invisible Children. The intense exposure of the video caused the "Kony 2012" website to crash shortly after it began gaining widespread popularity.[12] A poll suggested that more than half of young adult Americans heard about Kony 2012 in the days following the video's release.[13][14] Thus far the campaign has resulted in a resolution by the and contributed to the decision to send troops by the . The film also called for an April 20 world wide canvassing campaign, called "Cover the Kony 2012 2

Night". On April 5, 2012, Invisible Children released a follow-up video titled Kony 2012: Part II – Beyond Famous.

Synopsis The film documents Invisible Children's plans and efforts to arrest Joseph Kony. It describes Kony's brutal guerrilla warfare tactics with his rebel group Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) and the regions (northern , the Democratic Republic of the Congo and South ) in which they have been employed.[15] One of the main people featured in the film is a young Ugandan named Jacob Acaye, whose brother was killed by the LRA. In response, director and founder of Invisible Children, Jason Russell, promises Jacob that he will help "stop Kony."[16] The film advocates curtailing compelled and coerced youth military service and the restoration of social order.[4] The video also has clips of Jason Russell's young son reacting to the information about Kony.[17] Near the end of the film, an announcement from President Obama is shown authorizing the deployment of 100 United States military advisers to provide "information, advice, and assistance to partner nation forces", so Central African troops can eventually "remove Joseph Kony from the battlefield."[18] The video concludes by urging viewers to join its publicity campaign by putting up posters and helping out in their communities.[1]

Stop Kony campaign The Invisible Children charity has focused on obtaining the support of a select group of individuals in order to "help bring awareness to the horrific abuse and killing of children in the East and Central African countries at the hands of Kony and his leadership." This list included 20 "celebrity culture makers", such as , , Oprah (who significantly helped to spread the video[13]), and Ryan Seacrest.[19][20] The list also featured 12 "policy makers" that have "the power to keep U.S. government officials in Africa" in order to work toward the capture of Kony. This list includes former U.S. President George W. Bush and his Secretary of State , and U.S. Senator and former presidential candidate .[21] As part of the campaign, American supporters were asked to put up posters in their hometowns in an action named "Cover the Night", which took place on April 20, 2012.[22] Invisible Children offers posters and T-shirts from an online shop in an attempt to gain wider recognition. They have also created action kits to help spread awareness that include campaign buttons, posters, bracelets and stickers.[12] A number of American celebrities have endorsed the awareness campaign against Kony, including , , , and .[8][23][24][25][26]

Cover the Night On the night of April 20, 2012, the "Cover the Night" event was conducted where, earlier in the day, supporters were supposed to be involved in some sort of charity work in their local community, such as "picking up rubbish or washing cars". Then, overnight, they were to put up posters and other material about the Kony 2012 campaign. The turnout for the event worldwide was smaller than initially expected, with no organized spots officially announced and a many fewer people attending than had pledged to attend. This was also influenced by a tweet from Invisible Children, which stated, "There is no official meet-up as we are asking people to act locally with friends+family in their neighborhoods."[27] A gathering in had only a small group of 17 people and the one in Brisbane had less than 50 attendees.[28][29] In , several signs and posters were put up, including two large banners that were "placed on both sides of the pedestrian overpass".[30] Canberra saw several groups who worked together to form a number of groups consisting of two or three people. Pierre Johannessen, a "law firm partner who runs a charity for disadvantaged children", distributed around 3,000 posters to the groups to be put up throughout the city.[31] In Phoenix, 200 posters were put up by "college students and other people in their teens and 20s", along with a number of chalk and stencil messages.[32] Kony 2012 3

Reception The film sparked a heated controversy regarding its merits, with very differing opinions being expressed by various NGO workers, government and international officials, journalists, and other groups and individuals. The following subsections summarize these controversies.

Positive , who featured in the film and is the chief Prosecutor at the International Criminal Court (ICC), voiced his support of the film and the campaign that has "mobilised the world", and said that the criticism was "stupid".[33] The Special Representative and head of the newly created Regional Office for (UNOCA), Abou Moussa, said that international interest in Kony has been "useful, very important."[34] The released a statement of support through Press Secretary , who stated in a news conference, "We congratulate the hundreds of thousands of Americans who have mobilized to this unique crisis of conscience" and said that the raised awareness from the video is "consistent with the bipartisan legislation passed by our congress in 2010."[35] Cameron Hudson, policy director at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum and former Africa director in the National Security Council, also praised Invisible Children for reaching "tens of millions of people who probably never previously heard of Joseph Kony."[36] , the executive director of UNICEF, was cited as saying that a similar would have made a difference during the in 1994, also suggesting that "this kind of public attention would also have helped save more lives in Darfur and in Congo’s warring east".[37] Watch (HRW)'s Africa division senior researcher Anneke Van Woudenberg wrote in a statement: "We’ve spent years investigating the horrors perpetrated by the LRA in central Africa – Uganda, Democratic Republic of Congo, (CAR), and . We gathered evidence at massacre sites – wooden clubs covered in dried blood, rubber strips from bicycle tires used to tie up the victims, and freshly dug graves – and spoke to hundreds of boys and girls forced to fight for his army or held captive as sex slaves. And we’re elated that #stopKony is a trending topic on – if anyone deserves global notoriety it’s Kony." She added: "Arresting Kony and other senior LRA leaders would reaffirm that those who commit mass atrocities will face justice. It will also help end the scourge of one of the most brutal rebel groups in Africa."[38] , which has documented the LRA's "horrific impact on the lives of thousands of civilians in Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, South Sudan and Uganda" and for years has been calling for the LRA leaders to be arrested, welcomed the massive public response to the Kony 2012 campaign. Erwin van der Borght, the organization's Africa director, wrote in a statement: "Joseph Kony and other LRA leaders have evaded arrest for far too long and this campaign is a salient reminder of the continuing crimes by LRA members and the need to arrest and surrender their leaders to the ICC so they can face trial," but added: "Anyone joining the Kony 2012 campaign should insist that efforts to arrest Joseph Kony must respect human rights," especially because "many of LRA members were themselves victims of human rights violations including forcible recruitment," and ensure the protection of civilians.[39] Opinions on the film were mixed in , one of former centers of rebel activities in northern Uganda, during a showing of the film, with several of the leaders expressing support and criticism. One of the attendees, State Minister for Foreign Affairs Henry Oryem Okello said that the criticisms directed at the film and Invisible Children were "unfounded", going on to state, "Invisible Children has done visible things in Acholi[land], for example offering scholarships to thousands of children and anyone against them is our enemy."[40] Betty Bigombe, a Ugandan cabinet minister and former peace negotiator, said "I do not know whether it makes any difference as far as taking [Kony] out is concerned. However, what is important is bringing this to the attention of policymakers. I hope that something innovative will come out of it."[41] , Ugandan politician and president of the opposition Democratic Party, stated his support for the film, explaining that while it does have some problems, such as implying Ugandans did not try to fight back against the LRA and not explaining how many of the issues in the film were also Kony 2012 4

exacerbated by the Ugandan government itself, the film is still a "positive development" for the issue, adding that while Invisible Children may not be "the foremost analysts of the complicated political, historical and security dynamics" in the situation, "they have the most beautiful trait on -- compassion."[42] Nicholas D. Kristof, Pulitzer Prize winning journalist, thanked Invisible Children for making the film and addressed its criticism, stating that rather than being "white man’s burden", when "a warlord continues to kill and torture across a swath of Congo and Central African Republic ... it’s a human burden." He also said that complexity has long been "a leading excuse for inaction during atrocities" and that Kony remains a threat in Uganda's neighbour countries, so the simplicity of the film "has left the American public more informed" than it would be otherwise, and that if he "were a Congolese villager", he would "welcome these uncertain efforts over the sneering scorn of do-nothing armchair cynics."[37] Foreign correspondent called it "simplifying grossly and distorting adeptly to make a valid point: that no effort should be spared to arrest Kony."[43] British film critic Peter Bradshaw wrote that Kony 2012, despite its flaws, "lands an almighty punch. This is a principled campaign ad, and a very, very effective one."[44] Former war correspondent Gotham Chopra said that he understands "the instinctive backlash (really it’s irritation)" towards the film and the campaign, but "there is enormous value in the fact that millions of people are talking today about genocide in Africa that were mostly unaware of it yesterday."[45] Jane Bussmann, author of a 2009 book about Kony and the President of Uganda , compared the campaign favorably to the "culture of charity-as-industry" as "at least Kony2012 linked suffering to perpetrators, and urged the young American audience it's aimed at to contact a politician."[46] Matthew Green, author of a 2008 book about Kony and the LRA conflict, The Wizard of the Nile, wrote that IC had "achieved more with their 30-minute video than battalions of diplomats, NGO workers and journalists have since the conflict began 26 years ago."[47] Jacob Acaye, the former child soldier featured in the film, supported the video and defended its makers.[48][49] In response to Ugandans saying that the film was out-of-date, Jacob stated that, "It is not too late, because all this fighting and suffering is still going on elsewhere. Until now, the war that was going on has been a silent war. People did not really know about it. Now what was happening in Gulu is still going on elsewhere in the Central African Republic and in Congo. What about the people who are suffering over there? They are going through what we were going through."[49] It was noted that a number of people living in the areas where the LRA is currently active have previously called for attention and advocacy to be directed at the issue.[50] By July 2011, 90 percent of residents of Democratic Republic of the Congo areas influenced by the LRA continued to lived in constant fear of attacks and felt "completely abandoned", according to Oxfam survey.[51] Julien Marneffe, a worker for Catholic Relief Services in , eastern DR Congo, said "it's been an undeniable success -- and one all humanitarian organizations working in this area can be happy about," but added to "be careful not to oversimplify the issue" and worried that the interest might be short lived when "another crisis or another video will be the next online trend, and I fear that most people will forget about the problems of the LRA."[52] Ida Sawyer, a Congo LRA researcher with HRW currently based in Goma, reaffirmed "From out perspective at , we definitely support the message of the film and we think it's great that they're bringing so much attention to the film with Kony's crimes and the phenomena of the LRA. Hopefully this will create a movement for more pressure so that real action, effective action is taken to end the LRA, and arresting, capturing Kony is a key component of addressing the LRA problem."[53]

Negative In November 2011, while Kony 2012 was in production, Foreign Affairs magazine published an article stating that several organizations, including Invisible Children, had "manipulated facts for strategic purposes, exaggerating the scale of LRA abductions and murders" and were "portraying Kony – a brutal man, to be sure – as uniquely awful, a Kurtz-like embodiment of evil."[54] Resolve, one of Invisible Children's partner organizations, responded that the accusation was a "serious charge ... published with no accompanying substantiation."[55] Since the video's release, the IC has come under criticism for oversimplification of events in the region[56] and accused of engaging in "".[57] While the campaign promotes global activism, it has been criticized for Kony 2012 5

providing a black-and-white picture rather than encouraging the viewers to learn about the situation.[58] Mikaela Luttrell-Rowland, a liaison officer for the Clark University's Strassler Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies, stated that it was "irresponsible to prize feel good, simplistic messages over complex history and to treat consumerist-consciousness raising as interchangeable with education."[59] Africa researcher accused the film of "peddling dangerous and patronizing falsehoods," criticized the campaign as "naive" for "elevating Kony to a global celebrity, the embodiment of evil," that might only help him as a terrorist and cult leader, and called for instead "demystifying Kony – reducing him to a common criminal and a failed provincial politician."[60] One point of criticism is that the film gives a misleading impression of the whereabouts and magnitude of Kony's remaining LRA forces. Kony's followers are now thought to number only in the hundreds, and Kony himself is believed to be in the Central African Republic rather than Uganda – a fact that receives only a passing mention in the video.[61] This problem has raised questions about the plausibility of Ugandan army intervention, which the video advocates. Since Kony and most of the LRA forces are currently not in Uganda, the Ugandan army would need to coordinate with the governments and militaries of the other countries where the LRA is active.[62] , an Ethiopian American writer and Africa researcher, wrote that the real world Kony is "not a click away", and a simple solution of raising popular awareness, "a beautiful equation that can only work so long as we believe that nothing in the world happens unless we know about it ... only works in the myopic reality of the film, a reality that deliberately eschews depth and complexity."[63] Amanda Weisbaum of the charity said that "just getting rid of one person does not solve the problem" and the film's focus should have been rather on helping ex-child soldiers.[64] Anne Goddard, president and CEO of ChildFund International, wrote that "by narrowing the focus on Kony, by defining success so singularly, it gives people a greater sense that the issue [of globally widespread conscription of young children] can be resolved. And that hope feeds on itself in a way that becomes infectious."[65] , the Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations and the special representative for children and armed conflict, called for the Kony2012 campaign to divert its donation funds from supporting military action to capture Kony to rehabilitation and reintegration programmes for former child soldiers.[66] Victor Ochen, founder and director of Ugandan rehabilitation NGO Ayinet, called the campaign "to promote [Kony] or make him famous" to be "offensive", in part because of its date (an anniversary of the Atiak massacre by the LRA in Uganda in 2005 and the date of birth of ), adding "How do you think Americans would have reacted if people in another country wore T-shirts?"[67] There has been growing criticism in Uganda of the film's failure to state more clearly that Kony and his forces fled northern Uganda in 2006 and are now dispersed across the jungles of three neighbouring countries. Fred Opolot, spokesman for the Ugandan government, said "It is totally misleading to suggest that the war is still in Uganda."[68] Arthur Larok, ActionAid's director in Uganda, said "It doesn't sound like a fair representation of Uganda. We have challenges within the country, but certainly the perception of a country at war is not accurate at all."[34] Dr Beatrice Mpora, director of a community health organization in Gulu, commented "There has not been a single soul from the LRA here since 2006. Now we have peace, people are back in their homes, they are planting their fields, they are starting their businesses. That is what people should help us with."[68] Prime Minister of Uganda launched an online response on YouTube, in which he seeks to correct the "false impression" that Uganda is still at war, and invites everyone to visit the country, assuring that people would find it "a very different place to that portrayed by Invisible Children".[69] Meanwhile, dozens members of Ugandan diaspora in United States protested outside the Invisible Children offices in , also criticizing the video but saying Kony represents "only three percent of all the problems" in their home country and lambasting the Ugandan government for its inadequate response to Kony's terror and other issues.[70] A March 2012 mass showing of the film in Lira, the site of one of Kony's worst atrocities in Uganda, was met with jeering and thrown objects at the screen and at the group African Youth Initiative Network, which screened the film and provided translations. The screening prompted angry calls to local radio stations by Ugandans upset that the film was so focused on the filmmakers and Kony while neglecting the conflict's victims, prompting complaints that the Kony 2012 6

film was "more about whites than Ugandans."[71] Others objected to being reminded of the horrors Kony brought to Uganda. Despite the negative response, the organization still planned on showing the film in other towns, hoping to avoid this response by providing context for the film.[71][72] Some Ugandan commentators have also criticized the video for its aim of making Kony "famous", even believing it means to "celebrate" him, and for its advocacy of foreign military intervention to stop him.[67][68] Mahmood Mamdani, director of the Institute of Social Research at , , argued that the LRA is "a Ugandan problem calling for a Ugandan political solution" and against "mobilisation of millions [to] be subverted into yet another weapon in the hands of those who want to further militarise the region."[73] Ugandan journalist Rosebell Kagumire said that "the war is much more complex than one man called Joseph Kony."[34] A more recent showing of Kony 2012 at Pece War Memorial Stadium in Gulu, Uganda sparked a riot in which dozens of people were injured. The archbishop of Gulu, Rt. Rev John Baptist Odama, was reported as saying that the video "has ill motives and geared towards igniting anger in the population to cause violence." Margaret Aciro, whose picture appears in the video showing her face mutilated by the LRA, said she "became sad" after seeing it being "used to profit."[74] Father Ernest Sugule, national coordinator of the Congolese non-governmental organization SAIPD in Dungu, DRC, claimed that the few people there "who have succeeded in watching [Kony 2012] are very critical on the film," as is he himself.[14] Charlie Beckett, a media communications expert at the London School of Economics (LSE), said Invisible Children "haven't got the capacity for is to take that beyond another action. What are they going to do with all this energy and interest? It's going to dissipate. ... I think this will crash and die, I don't think they will catch Kony. People will say they bought the bracelet and stuck posters on lamppost but that could have negative effects when it doesn't actually lead anywhere."[14]

The LRA's response A statement purported to be released by Kony's Lord's Resistance Army rebels and signed by the group's spokesman[75] and negotiator Justine Nyeko ("The Leader, LRA Peace Team")[76] condemned the film as "a cheap and banal panic act of mass trickery to make the unsuspecting peoples of the world complicit in the US rogue and murderous activities in Central Africa."[77] The statement was obtained by Ugandan journalist Frank Nyakairu, received from Nairobi, Kenya-based LRA representatives.[75] On his part, Nyakairu, a winner of the Knight International Journalism Award for his investigative reporting on Joseph Kony, called Kony "a monster" and supported the Invisible Children's work, saying the critics were "extremely unfair in a very ignorant way."[78] It was reported that the LRA abduction rate has sharply increased in the weeks since the film was released, although it was impossible to confirm the link between the rise in LRA attacks and Kony's global notoriety.[67]

Invisible Children's response On March 8, 2012, Invisible Children released an official response addressing the criticisms directed at Kony 2012. As an explanation for the simplicity of the movie, they stated that "in [their] quest to garner wide public support of nuanced policy, [they] sought to explain the conflict in an easily understandable format." Jedediah Jenkins, the director of idea development for Invisible Children, responded to the new criticisms by saying that they were "myopic" and that the video itself was a "tipping point" that "got young people to care about an issue on the other side of the planet that doesn’t affect them."[55] In response to concerns about working with the Ugandan government, Invisible Children explained that they "do not defend any of the human rights abuses perpetrated by the Ugandan government or the Ugandan army" and the reason why they are working with the Ugandan army even though Kony is no longer in Uganda is because the army is "more organized and better equipped than that of any of the other affected countries (DRC, South Sudan, CAR) to track down Joseph Kony" and that they want all of the governments in the region to work together to arrest Kony.[79] Jenkins stated that "There is a huge problem with in Africa. If we had the purity to say we will not partner with anyone corrupt, we couldn’t partner with anyone."[55] Kony 2012 7

A video titled Thank you, KONY 2012 Supporters was released on March 12, 2012 to address the criticisms directed at the film and to be "fully transparent", according to Invisible Children CEO Ben Keesey. The film begins with Keesey discussing the three things that the charity focuses on, which is to "create films with compelling narratives, promote international advocacy and run on-the-ground initiatives." He also points out that "overhead and travel costs are essential to those efforts", as a part of the group's management expenses, along with going toward "thousands of free screenings of the group’s films worldwide, as well as toward bringing survivors of the Lord’s Resistance Army ... to speak at these events."[80] Keesey explains the way the charity's annual expenditures are made, with "80.5 percent to 85.7 percent of total annual spending from fiscal 2007 to 2011" going toward "'program expenses' – money that directly benefits their cause",[81] and finished by urging interested parties to make inquires to the group via Twitter, using the account @invisible and hashtag #AskICAnything. Two further short videos featured LRA survivors expressing support for the film and the organization.[82] The website Kickstriker, a parody of a , contains a fake appeal to crowdsource the "hiring private military contractors from Academi (formerly ), who will be immediately deployed to central Africa" with a mission to capture or kill Kony.[83] In response, Invisible Children sent the Kickstriker team a cease and desist warning to take down the parody page, accusing them of "causing public confusion through your use of Invisible Children’s copyrighted and trademarked property" and threatening a legal action. According to Wired.com, "all of which has Kickstriker’s founders rolling their eyes."[84]

Kony 2012 Part II Kony 2012: Part II – Beyond Famous[85] is a twenty-minute video follow-up to Kony 2012. The film was announced early on April 2, 2012, to be released within the week.[86][87] It was initially announced to be released on April 3, but was delayed for two days due to editing problems.[85][88] Beyond Famous aims to address criticisms of the original film and to present more information about Kony's LRA rebellion, including its impact on the countries other than Uganda, as well as about Invisible Children's work and the Kony 2012 campaign.[88][89] Executive Director and CEO of Invisible Children, Inc. Ben Keesey, who narrates the film, said the sequel was made in two weeks. In a statement announcing the video, Keesey said that the IC wants people "to dig deeper into this conflict and actively engage in the solutions."[90] Jason Russell, who was hospitalized on March 15 due to "a temporary psychotic breakdown believed to have been brought on by the pressure of the success – and criticism – of the first film", is not featured in Part II.[91]

Reception In a pre-release comment, pop culture expert Robert Thompson said: "The fact is, the story has developed in so many odd ways with all the controversy, and the sequel can't really promise the bang of that first video – which is informing people of something they did not know before. Now we're getting into the details, which is never that thrilling."[89] The LRA researcher Craig Valters of the LSE's department of International Development said that the second video "overwhelmingly" failed to answer criticisms raised by the first film.[76] On the other hand, Mike Pflanz, correspondent for , said that the sequel was "a more solid, moving and, finally, accurate presentation of the ongoing battle to capture Joseph Kony" and that, in comparison to the original video, the "new video is couched in nuance and deploys dialogue more commonly heard in a United Nations workshop – displacement, rehabilitation, post-conflict – than in a YouTube smash."[91] According to , the sequel "does not seem to have captured the public's imagination in quite the same way as Invisible Children's earlier video did, failing to significantly trend on social media websites."[76] By April 16, 2012, it had received 1.7 million views in 11 days, less than 2% of what the first video had in its first five days. Matt Fiorentino, director of marketing at video measurement firm Visible Measures, considered the first campaign a never-seen-before anomaly, and despite being dwarfed by its predecessor, the number of views Beyond Famous received was "pretty good" when compared to a regular social campaign.[92] Nevertheless, Beyond Famous is still Kony 2012 8

considered "one of the top 25 non-profit campaigns ever."[13]

Impact

United States On March 21, 2012, a resolution "condemning Joseph Kony and his ruthless guerrilla group for a 26-year campaign of terror" was put forward by Senators and . The resolution stated that it would back "the effort of Uganda, the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Central African Republic and the newest country, South Sudan, to stop Kony and his Lord's Resistance Army", along with an official statement of support "for the U.S. effort to help regional forces pursue commanders of the militia group." The resolution has received support from 37 bipartisan senators.[93][94] Support among senators for the resolution came about after the release of the Kony 2012 video and its subsequent popularity. One of the resolution leaders, Senator Chris Coons, became aware of the situation after his daughters asked him what he was doing to stop Kony and Senator was informed "at a Missouri caucus in St. Louis when a constituent quizzed him about Kony". One of the co-sponsors of the resolution, Senator stated that, "When you get 100 million Americans looking at something, you will get our attention. This YouTube sensation is gonna help the Congress be more aggressive and will do more to lead to his demise than all other action combined."[94]

Africa On March 23, 2012, the African Union announced its intentions to send an international brigade of 5,000 military troops "from Uganda, South Sudan, Central African Republic and Congo, countries where Kony’s reign of terror has been felt over the years ... to join the hunt for rebel leader Joseph Kony" and to "neutralize" him. According to the statement, the mission commences on March 24, 2012 and the search "will last until Kony is caught",[95] after which the task force will be disbanded.[34] The effort is Ugandan-led and backed by the U.S. with the 100 advisers already there, who are offering advice, intelligence and training, along with equipment.[96] The brigade has established its headquarters in Yambio in South Sudan, close to the border with the DRC, and is commanded by a Ugandan officer; a Congolese officer has oversight of intelligence operations.[97] The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) spokeswoman Melissa Fleming said the agency welcomed the "unprecedented" initiative to "end the atrocities in the region" and urged all involved to respect human rights and minimize risk to civilians.[98] The African Union's counter-terrorism envoy Francisco Madeira said "We need to stop Kony."[34] The ICC chief prosecutor Luis Moreno Ocampo voiced confidence that the video will "produce the arrest of Joseph Kony this year," adding: "That is the impact of the campaign."[99] However, Patrick Wegner, an academic at the Max Planck Research School on Successful Dispute Resolution in International Law, claimed it was "plain wrong" to suggest the African Union action was prompted solely by Kony 2012, saying that "the idea is a lot older than the Kony 2012 video" as the plans for forming an anti-LRA regional military force have been first reported in international news media already in 2010.[100] Kony 2012 9

References

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[2] "News Hour – Trending Now: Kony 2012" (http:/ / www. globaltvbc. com/ video/ trending+ now+ kony+ 2012/ video.

html?v=2206826267#stories/ video). Global TV. March 6, 2012. . Retrieved March 7, 2012.

[3] Lees, Philippa; Zavan, Martin (March 7, 2012). "Kony 2012 sheds light on Uganda conflict" (http:/ / www. news. ninemsn. com. au/ world/

8431277/ kony-2012-sheds-light-on-uganda-conflict). Ninemsn. . Retrieved March 7, 2012.

[4] "Jackson Center To Show KONY2012" (http:/ / post-journal. com/ page/ content. detail/ id/ 599038/ Jackson-Center-To-Show-KONY-2012. html?nav=5004). The Post-Journal. February 14, 2012. . Retrieved March 7, 2012.

[5] "Uganda rebel Joseph Kony target of viral campaign video" (http:/ / www. bbc. co. uk/ news/ world-africa-17295078). BBC News. March 8, 2012. .

[6] Myers, Julia (March 7, 2012). "A call for justice" (http:/ / kykernel. com/ 2012/ 03/ 07/ a-call-for-justice/ ). Kentucky Kernel. .

[7] Neylon, Stephanie (March 7, 2012). "Kony fever hits York!" (http:/ / www. theyorker. co. uk/ news/ citynews/ 10807). The Yorker. . Retrieved March 7, 2012.

[8] Molloy, Mark (March 7, 2012). "Kony 2012: Campaign Shedding light on Uganda Conflict a Huge Online Success" (http:/ / www. metro. co.

uk/ tech/ 892373-kony-2012-campaign-shedding-light-on-uganda-conflict-a-huge-online-success). Metro. . Retrieved March 7, 2012.

[9] Nelson, Sara C. (March 7, 2012). "Kony 2012: Invisible Children Documentary Sheds Light On Uganda Conflict" (http:/ / www.

huffingtonpost. co. uk/ 2012/ 03/ 07/ kony-2012-invisible-children-documentary-sheds-light-on-uganda-conflict-video_n_1326183. html?ref=uk). The Huffington Post. . Retrieved March 7, 2012.

[10] "Kony 2012" (http:/ / www. youtube. com/ watch?v=Y4MnpzG5Sqc). YouTube. . Retrieved March 7, 2012.

[11] "Kony 2012" (http:/ / vimeo. com/ 37119711). Vimeo. . Retrieved March 7, 2012.

[12] Lees, Philippa (March 7, 2012). "Australian support amasses for Kony 2012" (http:/ / news. ninemsn. com. au/ article. aspx?id=8431494). ninemsn. . Retrieved March 7, 2012.

[13] Antonia Kanczula (April 20, 2012). "Kony 2012 in numbers" (http:/ / www. guardian. co. uk/ news/ datablog/ 2012/ apr/ 20/ kony-2012-facts-numbers?newsfeed=true). The Guardian. . Retrieved April 20, 2012.

[14] Polly Curtis and Tom McCarthy. "Kony 2012: what happens next?" (http:/ / www. guardian. co. uk/ politics/ reality-check-with-polly-curtis/

2012/ apr/ 20/ kony-2012-what-happens-next). guardian.co.uk. . Retrieved 2012-04-22.

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External links

• Kony 2012 (http:/ / www. kony2012. com/ ) official website

• Kony 2012 (https:/ / www. youtube. com/ watch?v=Y4MnpzG5Sqc) on YouTube

• Kony 2012 (http:/ / www. imdb. com/ title/ tt2294697/ ) at the Internet Movie Database

• Thank you, KONY 2012 Supporters (http:/ / vimeo. com/ 38344284) on Vimeo

• Kony 2012: Part II – Beyond Famous (https:/ / www. youtube. com/ watch?v=c_Ue6REkeTA) on YouTube Article Sources and Contributors 13 Article Sources and Contributors

Kony 2012 Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=499407742 Contributors: 19maxx, 3193th, 99of9, Abe5red, AcropolisHTF, Addshore, Andrewlp1991, Ashley Y, Baiter, Barts1a, BaseballPie, Basilisk4u, Bender235, Bensin, Blake Burba, Bobbyb373, Bobputman, Bomac, Brews Clues, Bzweebl, CarlyBDavis, Cbl62, CityOfSilver, Ckujau, Cmartincaj, Count of Tuscany, Crzyclarks, DarkFalls, Demiurge1000, Dennis Brown, Distributor108, Doncorleone123, Dondegroovily, DreamFieldArts, Earthpig, EclecticEnnui, Edmonton7838, Ejlarson, Entropy, Eranglo, Ericdeaththe2nd, Evansrjh, Fang Aili, Fanyavizuri, FeydHuxtable, Flynn58, Fortpinepitch, Foxj, Gao le, Gary King, Garyhampson, George Ponderevo, Green Cardamom, GreenIn2010, Helmchief, HiLo48, Hydrox, IFreedom1212, Ichthyoid, Intgr, JDDJS, JaeDyWolf, JayJay, Jedi94, Jonathanfu, Julesd, Keepssouth, Kencf0618, Kentku, LittleMissNoisy, LuK3, Luke 19 Verse 27, MJJ509, MPS, Mandarax, Martinevans123, Mato, MaxDawsonC, MelbourneStar, Miracleworker5263, Moncrief, Morel, Morning277, Mr. Military, MrFinland, MsTingaK, Nadhika99, Natasha47, Niemti, Nirajdoshi, Nome3000, Nunocordeiro, Oddbodz, Ohconfucius, OmicronSquadLeader, Pass a Method, Pastmastermax, PurpleHz, Quibik, QuiteUnusual, Redrose64, Rekymanto, Ribbet32, RingisKhan, Robofish, Rttavi, Ryulong, Sentra246, ShesGotSauce, Silver Sonic Shadow, Silver seren, Smartfirefighterboy, Smartse, Snowgeek22, Soman, SomeGuy11112, Somedifferentstuff, Someone35, StAnselm, SternComradeLoyalFascist, StewieK, Subin.a.mathew, Tabletop, Tesseract2, Theopolisme, ThisIsAce, Timwi, TonyTheTiger, Tpbradbury, Vierstein, Wavehunter, Wavelength, WhisperToMe, Wikidea, Wireless Keyboard, Xezbeth, Yug, Zhuding, Ὁ οἶστρος, 49 anonymous edits License

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