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The England and Holland of the Pilgrims

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The England and Holland of the Pilgrims Dear Reader, This book was referenced in one of the 185 issues of 'The Builder' Magazine which was published between January 1915 and May 1930. To celebrate the centennial of this publication, the Pictoumasons website presents a complete set of indexed issues of the magazine. As far as the editor was able to, books which were suggested to the reader have been searched for on the internet and included in 'The Builder' library.' This is a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by one of several organizations as part of a project to make the world's books discoverable online. Wherever possible, the source and original scanner identification has been retained. Only blank pages have been removed and this header- page added. The original book has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books belong to the public and 'pictoumasons' makes no claim of ownership to any of the books in this library; we are merely their custodians. Often, marks, notations and other marginalia present in the original volume will appear in these files – a reminder of this book's long journey from the publisher to a library and finally to you. Since you are reading this book now, you can probably also keep a copy of it on your computer, so we ask you to Keep it legal. Whatever your use, remember that you are responsible for ensuring that what you are doing is legal. Do not assume that just because we believe a book to be in the public domain for users in Canada, that the work is also in the public domain for users in other countries. Whether a book is still in copyright varies from country to country. Please do not assume that a book's appearance in 'The Builder' library means it can be used in any manner anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement liability can be quite severe. The Webmaster Cornell University Library The original of tiiis bool< is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028814873 THE ENGLAND AND HOLLAND or THE PILGRIMS BY THE LATE HENRY MARTYN DEXTER, D. D-, LL. D. AND HIS SON MORTON DEXTER BOSTON AND NEW YORK HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY Cfte E5ibet?i&e ^n0, Cambri&ge 1905 COPYRIGHT 1905 BY MORTON DEXTER ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Published October igoj PREFACE Most of the contents of this work were collected hy my father, the late Dr. Henry M. Dexter. To this task he devoted much of his time for many years. Of Pilgrim descent and born almost within sight of Plymouth Rock, he desired to give to the world a more complete record than any which had been written of the religious and ecclesiastical movement in England that made the Pilgrims what they were, and of their emigration to Holland and their life there before they came to America. But he died in 1890, leaving his chosen task unaccomplished. In his first rough draft he had written five long chapters — which appear in these pages as the first five books ^ and a part of the sixth. But they were hardly more than rudely shaped masses of crude material, as he had not reached that work of revision which no one else was more competent than he to per- form. By his win the manuscript passed at his death into the hands of Prof. Franklin B. Dexter, Litt. D., of Yale University, and myself. Professor Dexter completed the author's last chap- ter, or book, and I have rewritten and edited the whole, adding considerable material obtained by my own researches. Had Dr. Dexter lived to finish it, the work undoubtedly would have been published some years ago. But, much although I have desired to hasten its appearance, I have felt that he would have preferred delay on my part to any neglect of careful study. Until 1901 the duties of an exacting profession forbade me to give it more than my spare time. Since then it has absorbed my attention. In addition to the use of his own unique collec- tion of the special literature of the subject, now in the Yale University Library, and besides exhausting the resources of American libtaries. Dr. Dexter made several visits to Europe in order to consult original sources of information in England and Holland, and I have pursued the same course. vi PREFACE It is gTatifying to know that, although the completion of the work has been delayed so long, the number of people who are specially interested in the Pilgrims has been increasing rapidly, so that such a study may expect a wider welcome than it could have received earlier. That it could not have, up to its actual issue, the advantage of Dr. Dexter's probably unrivalled know- ledge of the subject is greatly to be regretted. But so far as concerns his conscientious effort to perform his undertaking thoroughly, I have endeavored to supply his place. That no errors have escaped correction is too much to be hoped, but I trust that they may not prove numerous or grave. Some of these pages necessarily discuss matters dealt with more or less fuUy by Dr. Dexter in his earlier work, •' The Con- gregationalism of the Last Three Hundred Years, as Seen in ; its Literature " e. g., the careers of Robert Browne and John Eobinson and the history of the Ancient Church in Amsterdam. But they are treated here independently, although with few essential changes of opinion. In citing from ancient publications I generally have retained the ancient spelling, partly because of its quaintness, and partly because I believe that Dr. Dexter would have used it. But in some instances, although earlier editions have been consulted, I have had to depend at last upon modernized editions of the works cited, and in these cases I have followed their spelling for the sake of quoting exactly. In a few instances quotations from different editions of the same work have seemed neces- sary, and now and then the same name is spelled differently. In one instance (p. 381) an extended abstract is set in smaller type, in order to save space, but all the other extracts are intended to be exact. For the same reason, also, the notes often have been grouped. Dates are set down in the Old Style when they relate to England, — which retained its use until 1752, — and in the New Style when they relate to Holland, — which abandoned the Old Style in 1583. But whenever clearness has PREFACE vii seemed to require it, especially in connection with the months of January, February and March, a date has been stated in both the Old and the New Styles. It only remains to acknowledge gratefully the assistance which has been rendered me. First, and chiefly, my thanks are due to Professor Dexter, who not only, at considerable cost of time and labor, completed the original narrative from the point at which Dr. Dexter unexpectedly laid down his pen, but also has read portions of my own manuscript and has aided me throughout from time to time in various ways. Mr. George Ernest Bowman, editor of " The Mayflower Descendant," Eev. W. H. Cobb, D. D., the Librarian of the Congregational Li- brary in Boston, and Miss M. E. Stone and Miss E. E. White, his assistants, and Mr. O. A. Bierstadt and others of the Bos- ton Public Library, also have given me valuable help. The painstaking cooperation of Mr. G. F. Barwick, B. A., and his subordinates in the Eeading Koom of the British Museum Library, in London, and of the officials of the Manuscript Room in the same institution, and of the Public Record Office, has of Wayland been appreciated heartily ; as well as the courtesy S, Kershaw, M. A., in charge of the Archbishop of Canterbury's Library at Lambeth Palace, Canon John Watson, Librarian at York Minster, and the officials of the Bodleian Library, at Oxford, and of Trinity College Library, at Cambridge. I also am indebted to the courtesy of the Syndic of the University Press, Cambridge, for permission to use the plan of Peterhouse (p. 266), taken from Willis and Clark's " Arch. Hist, of Cambridge." Archivist of the To Dr. J. C. van Overvoorde,'the learned Messrs. J. J. C. Byle- city of Leyden, and to his assistants, W. Stoppelaer veld and W. C. van Rijn, as weU as to Messrs. F. de and A. E. des Tombes, I also am much indebted. And to no to friend, L. G. Le one else in Leyden do I owe more than my Dexter. Poole, Esq. MoETON Boston, Mass., August 29, 1905. CONTENTS BOOK I The England of our Fathers PAGE Chap. I. The Country and the People 3 Population, Classes, 3; Homes, 9. Roads, Travel, 11. Dress, 12. Food, Drink, 14. Amusements, 15. Festivals, 16. Crops, Manu- factures, 17, 18. Guilds, 18. Marine affairs, 19. Army, 21. Chap. II. Education and Literature 22 Illiteracy, 22. Schools, 24. General literature, 28. Separatist lit- erature, 29. Chap. III. The Shadows in the Picture 31 Unhygienic conditions, 31. Remedies, 32. Epidemics, 33. Sur- gery, 34. Superstitions, 35. Witchcraft, 36. Callousness, 42. Coarseness, 47. BOOK II The Protestantism of our Fathers Chap.
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