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Climate History Spanning the Past 17,000 Years at the Bottom of a South Island Lake
VOL. 98 NO. 10 OCT 2017 Lakebed Cores Record Shifting Winds Cell Phone App Aids Irrigation Earth & Space Science News Red/Blue and Peer Review A New Clue about CO2 UPTAKE Act Now to Save on Registration and Housing Early Registration Deadline: 3 November 2017, 11:59 P.M. ET Housing Deadline: 15 November 2017, 11:59 P.M. ET fallmeeting.agu.org Earth & Space Science News Contents OCTOBER 2017 PROJECT UPDATE VOLUME 98, ISSUE 10 12 Shifting Winds Write Their History on a New Zealand Lake Bed A team of scientists finds a year-by-year record of climate history spanning the past 17,000 years at the bottom of a South Island lake. PROJECT UPDATE 18 Growing More with Less Using Cell Phones and Satellite Data Researchers from the University of Washington and Pakistan are using 21st-century technology to revive farming as a profitable profession in the Indus 24 Valley. OPINION COVER Red/Blue Assessing a New Clue 10 and Peer Review Healthy skepticism has long formed the to How Much Carbon Plants Take Up foundation of the scientific peer review Current climate models disagree on how much carbon dioxide land ecosystems take up process. Will anything substantively new be for photosynthesis. Tracking the stronger carbonyl sulfide signal could help. gleaned from a red team/blue team exercise? Earth & Space Science News Eos.org // 1 Contents DEPARTMENTS Editor in Chief Barbara T. Richman: AGU, Washington, D. C., USA; eos_ [email protected] Editors Christina M. S. Cohen Wendy S. Gordon Carol A. Stein California Institute Ecologia Consulting, Department of Earth and of Technology, Pasadena, Austin, Texas, USA; Environmental Sciences, Calif., USA; wendy@ecologiaconsulting University of Illinois at cohen@srl .caltech.edu .com Chicago, Chicago, Ill., José D. -
Foundations of Complex Life: Evolution, Preservation and Detection on Earth and Beyond
National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA Astrobiology Institute Annual Science Report 2016 Team Report: Foundations of Complex Life: Evolution, Preservation and Detection on Earth and Beyond, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Foundations of Complex Life Evolution, Preservation and Detection on Earth and Beyond Lead Institution: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Team Overview Foundations of Complex Life is a research project investigating the early evolution and preservation of complex life on Earth. We seek insight into the early evolution and preservation of complex life by refining our ability to identify evidence of environmental and biological change in the late Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic eras. Better understanding how signatures of life and environment are preserved will guide how and where to look for evidence for life elsewhere in the universe—directly supporting the Curiosity mission on Mars and helping set strategic goals for future explorations of the Solar System and studies of the early Earth. Our Team pursues these questions under five themes: I. The earliest history of animals: We use methods from molecular biology, experimental taphonomy, and paleontology to explore what caused the early divergence of animals. Principal Investigator: II. Paleontology, sedimentology, and geochemistry: We track the origin of complex Roger Summons protists and animals from their biologically simple origins by documenting the stratigraphy, isotopic records, and microfossil assemblages of well-preserved rock successions from 1200 to 650 million years ago. III. A preservation-induced oxygen tipping point: We investigate how changes in the preservation of organic carbon may have driven the Neoproterozoic oxygenation of the oceans coincident with the appearance of complex life. -
MARTIAN PALEOMAGNETISM with the SQUID MICROSCOPE Thesis
MARTIAN PALEOMAGNETISM WITH THE SQUID MICROSCOPE Thesis by Benjamin Paul Weiss In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Pasadena, California 2003 (Defended January 28, 2003) ii 2003 Benjamin Paul Weiss All Rights Reserved iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are of course many people who need to be thanked for making this thesis possible, but by far the most important of these is Joe Kirschvink. Joe couldn’t have had me in his lab more than a week before trusting me and a fellow undergraduate—the two of us new to geology, unproven and truly nobodies—to stay up all night slicing up the martian meteorite ALH84001. All night long we kept laughing out of excitement and disbelief as we played with not only an invaluable rock from Mars but the oldest known rock from any planet! This ability to inspire through his trust is Joe’s genius as a teacher. Joe also taught me how to be at once fearlessly creative and within the bounds of rigor. To me, it is the stories—of the rocks, of the events of the past, and of how we learn about them—that were what attracted me to planetary science in the first place. Trucking around the world with Joe (through South Africa, Swaziland, Mexico, Australia, Japan…), I saw some really strange rocks and places, which had even stranger stories to tell. Strange, at least, when told through Joe as their interpreter (Joe says I am a Martian that has just recently taken over a human body but hasn’t quite learned how to use all of the equipment; if this is true, then where did he come from?). -
People, Land & Water
Thinking Globally but Guiding the Local Message for the 1906 Centennial Photo courtesy California Historical Society By Stephanie Hanna earthquake will occur in this region and Macelwane Award for signifi cant contri- what additional risk and damage might butions to the geophysical sciences by a s the pace of events builds occur from a similar magnitude earth- young scientist of outstanding ability. toward a crescendo on quake that begins either south or north When asked what draws her from April 18, 2006, for the of this area and “steps over” to devastate research to her dedication to public Centennial of the Great San areas further along the San Andreas outreach on earthquake hazards and Francisco Earthquake, Mary Fault. preparedness, Zoback said, “I think it’s ALou Zoback’s work week extends into the Early in her career with USGS, Zoback my personality. When I see problems, I weekend and often well into the evening. headed the International Lithosphere want them to be fi xed. The study of geol- She is currently regional coordinator for Program’s World Stress Map Project. A ogy and geophysics shows us that earth- the USGS Earthquake Hazards Program team of 40 scientists from 30 countries quakes are not random events and that in Northern California and chairs the focused on compiling, standardizing they will happen again where they have steering committee of federal, state, local data collection and interpreting geologic happened before, so we must help society and private partners making up the 1906 and geophysical data on the modern-day be prepared.” Centennial Alliance. -
People, Land & Water
At 5:12 in the morning on April 18, 1906, the Bay Area was literally thrown from bed by what was dubbed “The Great San Francisco Earthquake” and has become the most famous earthquake in U.S. history. 4 PEOPLE, LAND & WATER ★ April 2006 The Great San Francisco Earthquake A Moment of Magnitude for By David Hebert n December 1904, a University of California at Berkeley geology professor named Andrew Lawson wrote the following in the university’s America and for Science newspaper: “History and records show that earthquakes in this locality have never been of Ia violent nature, as so far as I can judge from the na- ture of recent disturbances and from accounts of past occurrences there is not occasion for alarm at present.” Less than two years later, he might have considered a retraction. At 5:12 in the morning on April 18, 1906, the Bay Area was literally thrown from bed by what was dubbed “The Great San Francisco Earthquake” and has become the most famous earthquake in U.S. history. Starting under the Pacifi c, just off the coast of the San Francisco peninsula, the magnitude-7.9 temblor grew until it had caused shaking and damage along nearly 300 miles of the then-unknown San Andreas Fault in Northern California. Strong shaking lasted for nearly a minute, and in some places along the fault, the earth moved more than 25 feet. For those who were there, it was surely a singular experience. “My sensations … were of being on ship in a gale pounding against the rocks, being thrown this way and that, then up in the air, and dropped with a sickening thud that took away my breath,” said Melissa Stewart McKee Carnahan in her 1908 book documenting her personal experiences of the earthquake. -
Celebrating 125 Years of the U.S. Geological Survey
Celebrating 125 Years of the U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1274 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Celebrating 125 Years of the U.S. Geological Survey Compiled by Kathleen K. Gohn Circular 1274 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior Gale A. Norton, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Charles G. Groat, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2004 Free on application to U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services Box 25286, Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 For more information about the USGS and its products: Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/ Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Gohn, Kathleen K., comp., 2004, Celebrating 125 years of the U.S. Geological Survey : U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1274, 56 p. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data 2001051109 ISBN 0-607-86197-5 iii Message from the Today, the USGS continues respond as new environmental to map, measure, and monitor challenges and concerns emerge Director our land and its resources and and to seize new enhancements to conduct research that builds to information technology that In the 125 years since its fundamental knowledge about make producing and present- creation, the U.S. Geological the Earth, its resources, and its ing our science both easier and Survey (USGS) has provided processes, contributing relevant faster. -
Tanja Bosak Was Born in Croatia and Graduated from the Zagreb University with a Degree in Geophysics
Tanja Bosak was born in Croatia and graduated from the Zagreb University with a degree in Geophysics. After a summer of research at JPL, she moved to the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, where she studied signatures of microbial processes in ancient sedimentary rocks and earned a Ph.D. in Geobiology. She spent two years at Harvard as a Microbial Initiative Postdoctoral Fellow, joined the Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT in 2007 and is now a Professor of Geobiology and the group leader of the Program in Geology, Geochemistry and Geobiology. Tanja’s work integrates microbiology, sedimentology and stable isotope geochemistry into experimental geobiology to ask how microbial processes leave chemical, mineral and morphological signals in sedimentary rocks. Her lab uses this approach to explore modern biogeochemical and sedimentological processes, interpret the co-evolution of life and the environment during the first 80% of Earth history and look for signs of past life on Mars. For this work, and her work with graduate students and undergraduates, Bosak received the Subaru Outstanding Woman in Science award by the Geological Society of America (2007), the Macelwane Medal from the American Geophysical Union (2011), the Edgerton Award for young faculty at MIT (2012), the Undergraduate Research Opportunities for Undergraduates Mentor of the Year award by MIT (2012) and the Award for Outstanding Contributions and Dedication to Geobiology and Geomicrobiology from The Geobiology and Geomicrobiology Division of The Geological Society of America. Bosak is a fellow of the American Geophysical Union (2011), the American Academy of Microbiology (2021), and a subject editor for Geobiology, Frontiers of Microbiology and Geochemical Perspectives Letters. -
Microbial Facies in a Sturtian Cap Carbonate, the Rasthof Formation, Otavi Group, Northern Namibia
Precambrian Research 181 (2010) 187–198 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Precambrian Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/precamres Microbial facies in a Sturtian cap carbonate, the Rasthof Formation, Otavi Group, northern Namibia Sara B. Pruss a,∗, Tanja Bosak b, Francis A. Macdonald c, Marie McLane a, Paul F. Hoffman c,d a Department of Geosciences, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063, USA b Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA c Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA d School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 2Y2 article info abstract Article history: Microbial structures in Neoproterozoic cap carbonates record the environmental processes present in Received 4 February 2010 the aftermath of global glaciation. The Rasthof Formation of northern Namibia is a unique carbonate Received in revised form 24 May 2010 depositional sequence that formed during post-glacial transgression and highstand following the Chuos Accepted 2 June 2010 glaciation. Carbon isotope profiles from four examined localities reveal that onlap was diachronous over post-glacial, syn-rift topography. The lower Rasthof Formation consists primarily of dark gray thinly (<mm) and thickly (1–4 mm) laminated microbialites that exhibit different rheological responses to the Keywords: emplacement of syndepositional dikes. The thinly laminated microbialaminite facies commonly host cm- Cryogenian Roll-up structure sized syndepositional folds of microbially laminated sediment called roll-up structures. In more thickly Neoproterozoic laminated facies, layers are deformed into broad decimeter-sized folds, but roll-up structures are absent. -
A Farewell to Peter Coneylegacy of Great Teaching, a Legacy of How Things Are Done in a Collaborative Spirit
UA Geosciences Newsletter, Volume 4, Number 2 (Spring 1999) Item Type Newsletter Authors University of Arizona Department of Geosciences Publisher Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ) Rights Copyright © Arizona Board of Regents. The University of Arizona. Download date 26/09/2021 18:13:55 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/295174 THE UNIVERSITYOF ARIZONA® The Department of Geosciences Spring 1999 . Volume 4, Number 2 Letter from the Chair Joaquin Ruiz Peter Coney's untimely death is the Department's sad news. In 1982 I read an ad in EOS describing a job opening at The University of Arizona.I had just finished my PhD dissertation on the origin of tin -rich rhyolites of the Sierra Madre Occidental in Mexico and had based many of my conclusions on Peter Coney's suspect terrane map of Mexico and his ideas of magmatism in the western US. I could barely wait to meet this scientist. His papers were imaginative and thought provoking. Of course, the papers reflected the man. After I got to know Peter, I was also struck by his humanity. Peter cared about people. He deeply cared for his students and was able to transmit to them his knowledge, his analysis and his calm. In fact, what made Peter such a remarkable individual Peter Coney in the northern Snake Range detachment fault. (photo by Peter DeCelles) was his genius combined with his humanity. Peter left us with many legacies -a legacy of great thinking of how the Earth works, a A Farewell to Peter Coneylegacy of great teaching, a legacy of how things are done in a collaborative spirit. -
In Situ Stress Measurements to 3.5 Km Depth in the Cajon Pass Scientific Research Borehole: Implications for the Mechanics of Crustal Faulting
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln USGS Staff -- Published Research US Geological Survey 1992 In Situ Stress Measurements to 3.5 km Depth in the Cajon Pass Scientific Research Borehole: Implications for the Mechanics of Crustal Faulting Mark D. Zoback Stanford University, [email protected] John H. Healy U.S. Geological Survey Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub Part of the Earth Sciences Commons Zoback, Mark D. and Healy, John H., "In Situ Stress Measurements to 3.5 km Depth in the Cajon Pass Scientific Research Borehole: Implications for the Mechanics of Crustal Faulting" (1992). USGS Staff -- Published Research. 462. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub/462 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the US Geological Survey at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in USGS Staff -- Published Research by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 97, NO. B4, PAGES 5039-5057, APRIL 10, 1992 In Situ Stress Measurements to 3.5 km Depth in the Cajon Pass Scientific Research Borehole' Implications for the Mechanics of Crustal Faulting MARK D. ZOBACK Department of Geophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, California JOHN H. HEALY Office of Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Engineering, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California Measurements of in situ stress orientation and magnitude at the site of the Cajon Pass research borehole have been made from depths of 0.9-3.5 km using the hydraulic fracturing technique and analysis of stress-induced well bore breakouts. -
Urbanization and Air Pollution
VOL. 96 NO. 1 15 JAN 2015 MagazineInaugural Issue Earth & Space Science News Then and Now Urbanization and Air Pollution Radioisotopic Geochronology and Astrochronology U.S. Interior Department Issues Revised Scientifi c Integrity Policy AGU Medalists Registration and Housing opening soon! Student Travel Grant Application Deadline: 26 January 2015 Earth & Space Science News Contents 15 JANUARY 2015 NEWS VOLUME 96, ISSUE 1 Satellites Show True Extent 3 of California Drought Since 2011, California’s water supply has lost 4 trillion gallons per year and the Sierra Nevada snowpack has hit record lows. MEETING REPORT 8 Climate, Land Use, and Conflict in Northern Africa How strong is the link between climate change and changes in land use in this vulnerable region? RESEARCH SPOTLIGHT 10 COVER 25 Urbanization and Air Pollution: Hillslopes Regulate Sediment Then and Now Supply to River Channels A new study rethinks the dynamics of Analysis of decades of mitigation efforts in Los Angeles demonstrates runoff-driven erosion in response to that air quality in the world’s megacities can be greatly improved. rainstorms. Earth & Space Science News Eos.org // 1 Contents DEPARTMENTS Editor in Chief Barbara T. Richman: AGU, Washington, D. C., USA; eos_ [email protected] Editors Christina M. S. Cohen: Wendy S. Gordon: Carol A. Stein: California Institute Ecologia Consulting, Department of Earth and of Technology, Pasadena, Austin, Texas, USA; Environmental Sciences, Calif., USA; wendy@ecologiaconsulting University of Illinois at cohen@srl .caltech.edu .com Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA; [email protected] José D. Fuentes: David Halpern: Department of Meteorology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pennsylvania State Pasadena, Calif., USA; University, University davidhalpern29@gmail Park, Pa., USA; .com [email protected] Editorial Advisory Board M. -
1 Curriculum Vitae Colleen Michelle Hansel
CURRICULUM VITAE COLLEEN MICHELLE HANSEL Biogeochemist Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Telephone: 508‐289‐3738 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution E‐mail: [email protected] Woods Hole, MA 02543 www.whoi.edu/science/MCG/microgeochem EDUCATION 2004 Ph.D. in Biogeochemistry, Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University 1999 M.S. in Environmental Chemistry, Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho 1997 B.S. in Geology, Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 2015‐present Associate Scientist with tenure, Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 2012‐2015 Associate Scientist, Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 2011‐2012 Associate Professor, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University 2009‐2011 Assistant Professor, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University 2007‐2011 Assistant Professor, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University 2004‐2006 Postdoctoral Scholar, Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University 2000‐2004 Graduate Researcher, Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University HONORS AND AWARDS 2016 Guest investigator fellowship at the Helmholtz Center in Geesthacht, Germany (October 30- December 16, 2017) 2014 Mineralogical Society of America Distinguished