DOCSLIB.ORG

Practical Actions to Combat Illegal Logging

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Dialogue Summary A TFD Publication Number 2 2005 TFDReview Practical Actions to Combat Illegal Logging A summary of a multi- stakeholder dialogue on best practice for business and civil society 7-10 March 2005 Hong Kong, P.R. China The Forests Dialogue TFD’s Steering Committee Mubariq Ahmad Thor Lobben Manoel Sobral World Wildlife Fund Norske Skog International Tropical Timber Indonesia Norway Organization Japan Steve Bass Stewart Maginnis Department for International World Conservation Union William Street, Jr. Development (IUCN) International Federation United Kingdom Switzerland of Building and Woodworkers Switzerland David Cassells Cassie Phillips, TFD Co-Leader The World Bank Weyerhaeuser Company Gudmund Vollbrecht United States United States IKEA Switzerland James Griffiths Per Rosenberg World Business Council for Global Forest & Trade Network Scott Wallinger Sustainable Development (WWF) MeadWestvaco Corporation (Ret.) Switzerland Sweden United States Claes Hall Stephen Schenker Justin Ward, TFD Co-Leader Aracruz Celulose Private Forest Owners Conservation International Brazil/Sweden Association United States Austria Sharon Haines Amelia Wright International Paper Robert Simpson Maryland Private Forest Owner United States American Forest Foundation United States United States Matti Karjula Alexey Yaroshenko Stora Enso Nigel Sizer Greenpeace Finland The Nature Conservancy Russia Indonesia Tage Klingberg University of Gävle Roberto Smeraldi Sweden Friends of the Earth Brazil TFD’s Secretariat Gary Dunning Executive Director Linda Kramme Kevin Ogorzalek Sarah Price Yale Graduate Student Assistants Cover photo credits (top and bottom): The Nature Conservancy/Don Bason TFD Review The purpose of the TFD Review is to inform stakeholders about the dialogues and activities sponsored by TFD. For more information on topics covered in the issue visit our website at www.theforestsdialogue.org A TFD Publication Number 2 2005 TFDReview Practical Actions to Combat Illegal Logging A summary of a multi- stakeholder dialogue on best practice for business and civil society Editors: Linda A. Kramme, Sarah P. Price The Forests Dialogue 360 Prospect Street New Haven, CT 06511 USA phone +1 203 432 5966 email: [email protected] web: www.theforestsdialogue.org TFDReview Page 3 | Contents Dialogue Summary Contents Executive Summary 4 Introduction 6 Case Study Presentations 9 Government Initiatives 9 Views from Civil Society 12 Forest Industry Approaches 14 Verification of Wood Legality 17 Customer Initiatives 20 Legal Wood in the Wider Context 23 Key Issues 27 Roles and Responsibilities of Different Sectors 27 Cooperation and Partnerships 30 Stepwise Approaches 31 Social Impacts 32 Definitions and Legality Standards 34 Technical Solutions 34 Moving Forward Together 35 Dialogue Participants 37 Acknowledgements 40 TFDReview Page 4 | Practical Actions to Combat Illegal Logging Executive Summary From March 7-10, 2005, more than 120 leaders from business, civil society, government and academia met in Hong Kong to explore collaborative strategies for combating illegal logging in Asia and throughout the world. Pic 2 This meeting was convened by The Forests Dialogue (TFD), an internation- al organization which provides a forum for multi-stakeholder dialogues on sustainable forestry issues. The Dialogue included presentations and case studies on current efforts by businesses, environmental and social non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and government representatives to address illegal logging. These presentations highlighted many factors that contribute to illegal logging, including weak governance, corruption, poor law enforcement, inadequate public lands management, social conflict, unclear property rights, failure to recognize local community needs and rights, and uneven levels of commitment from the business community. Participants agreed that governments, companies and NGOs share responsibility for addressing the challenges of illegal logging. Participants agreed that business and civil society should foster the following actions: · Continue to strengthen and promote important existing alliances to combat illegal logging. · Work in partnerships to develop uniform, auditable, practical national legality standards, especially in countries with a high risk of illegal logging. · Create a simple, credible, independent and objective ratings system that can be utilized to identify high-risk countries and tree species, and possibly expanded to cover companies. · Encourage companies to use innovative wood tracking technologies, and to implement best practices to ensure that illegally sourced, harvested or traded wood does not enter their supply chains. Page 5 | Executive Summary Dialogue Summary Participants agreed on the following actions to promote increased govern- mental commitment: · Encourage strengthening of laws that protect forests and local communities that depend on forests. Strengthen law enforcement in both exporting and importing countries. · Encourage public procurement policies and voluntary partnerships with exporting countries to reduce illegal wood imports. Promote regional collaborative initiatives on forest law enforcement and governance. · Urge increased commitment on the issue of illegal logging at inter- governmental meetings and with top officials in key capitals in Asia, Europe, and beyond. · Strengthen existing partnerships with industry and civil society. Pic 3 Dialogue participant Sani Bakar addresses the group TFDReview Page xx6 | | Practical Forest and Actions Biodiversity to Combat Conservation Illegal Logging Introduction Nigel Sizer, Dialogue Co-Chair Director, Asia-Pacific Forests Program The Nature Conservancy Pic 4 Up to 30 percent of hardwood lumber and plywood traded globally could be of suspicious origin, and as much as 17 percent of roundwood traded internationally is illegally harvested. The highest rates of illegal logging activity are primarily in areas that also have the world's richest biological Nigel Sizer diversity. Illegal logging and the trade of illegally harvested wood is destroying forests in many parts of the world. This destruction contributes to social conflict and human rights abuses, costs governments billions of dollars in lost taxes, impacts biodiversity, and undermines confidence in the use of wood as a sustainable resource. Significant amounts of illegal wood enter global trade, depressing the price of wood products, and presenting unfair competition to those companies that respect the law. To explore collaborative strategies for combating illegal logging in Asia and throughout the world, from March 7-10 2005 The Forests Dialogue (TFD) convened its first Dialogue on Practical Actions to Combat Illegal Logging. More than 120 leaders from business, civil society, government and academia attended. Objectives of the Dialogue were as follows: · Raise awareness, especially among business leaders, about the seriousness of illegal logging and current strategies to address the problem. · Identify cost-effective, practical solutions to address illegal logging, particularly those that businesses can implement. · Agree on specific actions that companies, NGOs and governments can take collaboratively to implement these solutions. Page 7 | Introduction Dialogue Summary Cassie Phillips, Dialogue Co-Chair Vice-President for Sustainable Forestry Weyerhaeuser Company Pic 4 Illegal logging has significant negative consequences for global companies. Forest products companies that operate legally and pursue sustainable forest management are at a competitive disadvan- tage against companies that do not. A recent report by the American Cassie Phillips Forest & Paper Association (AF&PA) states that prices of U.S. wood products are suppressed by $500 million per year due to illegal logging. In addition, the reputation across the forest industry suffers when consumers cannot differentiate between "good" and "bad" in commodity markets. In order to limit illegal logging, forest products companies must comply with laws, require the same from their suppliers and contractors, and use "due diligence" in sourcing their wood. Significant opportunities also exist to lobby governments to adopt model laws, to improve law enforcement, and to partner effectively with NGOs. Examples include Weyerhaeuser's successful international partnerships with CARE, USAID, and the Rural Development Institute in Nepal. David Kaimowitz, Director General Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) World prices of forest products are 7-16% lower than true costs because of the externalities and uncaptured revenues associated with illegal logging. Banks and investors cannot easily evaluate companies for legal harvesting practices. In countries with the greatest illegal logging problems, complicated and conflicting forestry laws and enforcement authority exist both within and among different government levels. Unfortunately, few incentives exist to correct the problem because too many parties benefit financially from the confusion. Additionally, NGOs and other groups often propose rules that cannot be reasonably applied on the ground. TFDReview Page 8 | Practical Actions to Combat Illegal Logging Despite these problems, there are some hopeful signs. There is an increasing level of concern among the public, government, and business sectors about illegal logging. The banking sector could play a much pic 6 greater role because creditors are growing increasingly aware of the need to verify wood legality. Many international lending
Recommended publications
  • Reforestation: Likely Working on Certification, an Emerg- Nations Secretary-General’S Climate Ing Concept That Sought to Set Third Summit

    Reforestation: Likely Working on Certification, an Emerg- Nations Secretary-General’S Climate Ing Concept That Sought to Set Third Summit

    18 www.taylorguitars.com [Sustainability] arrived in Washington, D.C. in well over a decade, but in 2014 the 1993 and began my professional concept took a twist when govern- career working in environmental ments, private companies, and civil Ipolitics. Anyone involved with interna- society groups signed the New York tional forest policy in the 1990s was Declaration of Forests at the United Reforestation: likely working on certification, an emerg- Nations Secretary-General’s Climate ing concept that sought to set third Summit. The Declaration is a voluntary, from POLITICS to PLANTING party management standards for active non-legally binding pledge to halve the forestry operations. The idea was (and rate of deforestation by 2020, to end still is) that a consumer would choose a it by 2030, and to restore hundreds With Taylor embarking on reforestation efforts product that had an ecolabel over one of millions of acres of degraded land. that did not, if it assured you that the A year later, in 2015, largely due to in Cameroon and Hawaii, Scott Paul explains the product originated from a well-managed pressure from activist organizations, forest. Think Gifford Pinchot meets the literally hundreds of companies involved politics of forest restoration and why Taylor’s Good Housekeeping Seal of Approval. in the Southeast Asian palm oil trade timing might be ideal. The Forest Stewardship Council was announced some sort of new policy. born at this time, and for a decade Looking back at these two events, it’s certification overshadowed much of the fair to say that while lofty words do not global forest policy dialogue.
  • The Rise of Timber Legality Verification to Rescue Indonesia's Forests

    The Rise of Timber Legality Verification to Rescue Indonesia's Forests

    PART II – Chapter 14 Global forest governance to address illegal logging: The rise of timber legality verification to rescue Indonesia’s forests Convening lead author: Erica Pohnan Lead authors: Michael W. Stone and Benjamin Cashore Abstract: The extent of illegal logging in Indonesia is widely acknowledged to be one of the highest in the world, and it remains high despite a multitude of efforts that have been made by the international community to help Indonesia address the problem. However, recent efforts to deal with illegal logging in Indonesia, such as the enactment of a timber legality verification mechanism, have enjoyed widespread support from a variety of stakeholders on a scale previously unseen for efforts to combat global de- forestation. This is because timber legality verification has gained traction in producer countries such as Indonesia by garnering support from a broad coalition of actors motivated by increased access to global timber markets and the promise of achieving environmental goals. We argue that the development of Indonesia’s timber legality assur- ance system (SVLK) and the signing of the EU FLEGT Voluntary Partnership Agreement hold potential for development of durable and effective institutions for reducing illegal logging in Indonesia. If these developments are managed strategically, they can represent a positive development for improved forest governance in Indonesia. Keywords: Governance, Indonesia, Legality Verification, pathways framework, illegal log- ging 14.1 Introduction environmental, economic, and social impacts of the illegal timber trade are still far-reaching. Illegal ndonesia historically has one of the highest rates logging is widely acknowledged to be one of most Iof illegal logging in the world (Seneca Creek As- damaging and egregious cases of forest degradation sociates 2004).
  • International Directory of Forestry and Forest Products Libraries. Berkeley, CA: Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forest Service, U.S

    International Directory of Forestry and Forest Products Libraries. Berkeley, CA: Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forest Service, U.S

    United States Department of International Directory Agriculture Forest Service of Forestry and Forest Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station Products Libraries General Technical Report PSW-97 The Compilers: PETER A. EVANS is a reference librarian Forestry and Forest Products Libraries, University of California, Berkeley. He earned a B.S. degree in forestry at the University of California. Berkeley (1951), an M.A. degree in English at San Francisco State College (1961), and a M.L.A. at San Jose State College (1968). He has been on the University of California library staff since 1975. MARK A. ARIZMENDI is a library assistant in the Forestry Library, University of California, Berkeley. He earned a B.A. degree in History at Bowling Green State University (1979) and has been on the University of California library staff since 1981. Acknowledgments: Work on this Directory was the result of the Experiment Station's Cooperative Agree­ ment 59-PSW-85-OOIG with the Department of Forestry and Resource Management, University of California. Principal investigator for the University was Dennis E. Teeguarden. Robert Z. Callaham was originator of the first edition and assisted in the publication of the second. Lyn DePrue, with the approval of Donald G. Arganbright, prepared much of the correspondence that got the project underway. Dennis Galvin assisted with grant procedures. Elizabeth Evans helped with proofreading. Staff time to work on the project was readily granted by Carol Alexander, former Head of the Science Libraries at the University of California, Berkeley. We thank the regional editors of this directory, without whose voluntary assistance this directory would have been considerably less comprehensive and much more difficult to produce.
  • Forest Biodiversity Indicators

    Forest Biodiversity Indicators

    FORESTFOREST BIODIVERSITYBIODIVERSITY INDICATORSINDICATORS TOOLS FOR POLICY-MAKING AND MANAGEMENT A WORLD FOR THE WISE Forests are important for Forest policy and Uses of Indicators: The way indicators are developed and presented is critical to their utility and success biodiversity management need to take in supporting decision-making. They must be Forest biodiversity indicators are needed for presented in easily interpretable forms that are account of biodiversity many purposes, including: Globally, forests are vitally important for also appropriate to the data they depend on. biodiversity. Tropical moist forests are the most Ideally, a national forest programme • State of environment reporting diverse ecosystems on earth. Although they incorporates holistic planning for the use of a • National reporting under Multilateral This document presents some examples of only cover around 6% of the land surface, they nation’s entire forest estate. This includes zoning Environmental Agreements such as the CBD approaches that can be used for developing hold well over half, and perhaps as many as existing natural forest into areas for conversion, • Identifying priority areas and components of forest biodiversity indicators and suggestions 90%, of all the world’s species. Other forest for extractive uses and for non-extractive uses, forest biodiversity for future work in this area. types, though less diverse, harbour unique including protection. Biodiversity conservation • Evaluating impacts of particular policies and elements of biodiversity of vital importance and sustainable use are among many conflicting decisions both to people and to the biosphere in general. demands on forests that must be accounted for What are indicators? in national forest policy, planning and These uses imply two distinct types of activities management decisions.
  • Chapter 3 Quantifying Illegal Logging and Related Timber Trade

    Chapter 3 Quantifying Illegal Logging and Related Timber Trade

    3 QUANTIFYING ILLEGAL LOGGING AND RELATED TIMBER TRADE 3 QUANTIFYING ILLEGAL LOGGING AND RELATED TIMBER TRADE Chapter 3 Quantifying Illegal Logging and Related Timber Trade Lead author: Jianbang Gan Contributing authors: Paolo Omar Cerutti, Mauro Masiero, Davide Pettenella, Nicola Andrighetto and Tim Dawson CONTENTS 3.1 Introduction 38 3.2 Species, Markets and Trade Patterns of Wood Products 38 3.2.1 Species Rarity, Value and Illegality 38 3.2.2 Domestic, Regional and Global Wood Products Markets and Supply Chains 38 3.2.3 Global Trade Patterns of Wood Products 40 3.2.4 Major Producers and Importers of Tropical Timber 41 3.2.5 Financial Flows Associated with Illegal Logging and Related Timber Trade 42 3.3 Existing Estimates on Illegal Logging and Related Timber Trade 43 3.3.1 Estimation Methods 43 3.3.2 Existing Estimates and their Comparisons 43 3.4 Following the Trade Data 46 3.4.1 Recent Trends in International Trade Flows of Illegal Wood Products 46 3.4.2 New Developments in Illegal Logging and Related Timber Trade 51 3.5 Conclusions 52 References 54 Appendices 56 Appendix 3.1 Methods for Estimating Illegal Logging and Related Timber Trade 56 Appendix 3.2 Country Codes Used in Figure 3.4 58 37 3 QUANTIFYING ILLEGAL LOGGING AND RELATED TIMBER TRADE 3.1. Introduction This phenomenon coupled with illegal activities can create a vicious cycle among value, rarity (scarcity) and Understanding the magnitude of illegal logging and re- illegality (see Figure 3.1). Many rare and endangered tree lated timber trade as well as illegal trade flows is criti- species have higher economic values than others because cal to addressing the problem.
  • Fifth World Forestry Congress

    Fifth World Forestry Congress

    Proceedings of the Fifth World Forestry Congress VOLUME 1 RE University of Washington, Seattle, Washington United States of America August 29September 10, 1960 The President of the United States of America DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER Patron Fifth World Forestry Congress III Contents VOLUME 1 Page Chapter1.Summary and Recommendations of the Congress 1 Chapter 2.Planning for the Congress 8 Chapter3.Local Arrangements for the Congress 11 Chapter 4.The Congress and its Program 15 Chapter 5.Opening Ceremonies 19 Chapter6. Plenary Sessions 27 Chapter 7.Special Congress Events 35 Chapitre 1.Sommaire et recommandations du Congrès 40 Chapitre 2.Preparation des plans en vue du Congrès 48 Chapitre 3.Arrangements locaux en vue du Congrès 50 Chapitre 4.Le Congrès et son programme 51 Chapitre 5.Cérémonies d'ouverture 52 Chapitre 6.Seances plénières 59 Chapitre 7.Activités spéciales du Congrès 67 CapItullo1. Sumario y Recomendaciones del Congreso 70 CapItulo 2.Planes para el Congreso 78 CapItulo 3.Actividades Locales del Congreso 80 CapItulo 4.El Congreso y su Programa 81 CapItulo 5.Ceremonia de Apertura 81 CapItulo 6.Sesiones Plenarias 88 CapItulo 7.Actos Especiales del Congreso 96 Chapter8. Congress Tours 99 Chapter9.Appendices 118 Appendix A.Committee Memberships 118 Appendix B.Rules of Procedure 124 Appendix C.Congress Secretariat 127 Appendix D.Machinery Exhibitors Directory 128 Appendix E.List of Financial Contributors 130 Appendix F.List of Participants 131 First General Session 141 Multiple Use of Forest Lands Utilisation multiple des superficies boisées Aprovechamiento Multiple de Terrenos Forestales Second General Session 171 Multiple Use of Forest Lands Utilisation multiple des superficies boisées Aprovechamiento Multiple de Terrenos Forestales Iv Contents Page Third General Session 189 Progress in World Forestry Progrés accomplis dans le monde en sylviculture Adelantos en la Silvicultura Mundial Section I.Silviculture and Management 241 Sessions A and B.
  • National Forest Policy

    National Forest Policy

    NATIONAL FOREST POLICY 1988 GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTS NEW DELHI No. 3-1/86-FP Ministry of Environment and Forests (Department of Environment, Forests & Wildlife) Paryavaran Bhavan, CGO Complex, Lodi Road, New Delhi - 110003. Dated the 7th December, 1988. RESOLUTION National Forest Policy, 1988 1. PREAMBLE 1.1. In Resolution No.13/52/F, dated the 12th May, 1952, the Government of India in the erstwhile Ministry of Food and Agriculture enunciated a Forest Policy to be followed in the management of State Forests in the country. However, over the years,* forests in the country have suffered serious depletion. This is attributable to relentless pressures arising from ever-increasing demand for fuel- wood, fodder and timber; inadequacy of protection measures; diversion of forest lands to non-forest uses without ensuring compensatory afforestation and essential environmental safeguards; and the tendency to look upon forests as revenue earning resource. The need to review the situation and to evolve, for the future, a new strategy of forest conservation has become imperative. Conservation includes preservation, maintenance, sustainable utilisation, restoration, and enhancement of the natural environment. It has thus become necessary to review and revise the National Forest Policy. 2. BASIC OBJECTIVES 2.1 The basic objectives that should govern the National Forest Policy - are the following: • Maintenance of environmental stability through preservation and, where necessary, restoration of the ecological balance that has been adversely disturbed by serious depletion of the forests of the country. • Conserving the natural heritage of the country by preserving the remaining natural forests with the vast variety of flora and fauna, which represent the remarkable biological diversity and genetic resources of the country.
  • FOREST BIODIVERSITY Earth’S Living Treasure

    FOREST BIODIVERSITY Earth’S Living Treasure

    OLOGIC OR BI AL DI Y F VER DA SI L TY A 2 N 2 IO M T a A y N 2 R 0 E 1 T 1 N I FOREST BIODIVERSITY Earth’s Living Treasure INTERNATIONAL DAY FOR BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY 22 May 2011 FOREST BIODIVERSITY Earth’s Living Treasure Published by the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. ISBN: 92-9225-298-4 Copyright © 2010, Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views reported in this publication do not necessarily represent those of the Convention on Biological Diversity. This publication may be reproduced for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holders, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. The Secretariat of the Convention would appreciate receiving a copy of any publications that use this document as a source. Citation: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (2010). Forest Biodiversity—Earth’s Living Treasure. Montreal, 48 pages. For further information, please contact: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity World Trade Centre 413 St. Jacques Street, Suite 800 Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2Y 1N9 Phone: 1 (514) 288 2220 Fax: 1 (514) 288 6588 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cbd.int Design & typesetting: Em Dash Design Cover illustration: Cover illustration: Untitled, 2010.
  • Forest for All Forever

    Forest for All Forever

    Centralized National Risk Assessment for Romania FSC-CNRA-RO V1-0 EN FSC-CNRA-RO V1-0 CENTRALIZED NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR ROMANIA 2017 – 1 of 122 – Title: Centralized National Risk Assessment for Romania Document reference FSC-CNRA-RO V1-0 EN code: Approval body: FSC International Center: Policy and Standards Unit Date of approval: 20 September 2017 Contact for comments: FSC International Center - Policy and Standards Unit - Charles-de-Gaulle-Str. 5 53113 Bonn, Germany +49-(0)228-36766-0 +49-(0)228-36766-30 [email protected] © 2017 Forest Stewardship Council, A.C. All rights reserved. No part of this work covered by the publisher’s copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means (graphic, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, recording taping, or information retrieval systems) without the written permission of the publisher. Printed copies of this document are for reference only. Please refer to the electronic copy on the FSC website (ic.fsc.org) to ensure you are referring to the latest version. The Forest Stewardship Council® (FSC) is an independent, not for profit, non- government organization established to support environmentally appropriate, socially beneficial, and economically viable management of the world’s forests. FSC’s vision is that the world’s forests meet the social, ecological, and economic rights and needs of the present generation without compromising those of future generations. FSC-CNRA-RO V1-0 CENTRALIZED NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR ROMANIA 2017 – 2 of 122 – Contents Risk assessments that have been finalized for Romania ........................................... 4 Risk designations in finalized risk assessments for Romania ...................................
  • Ramping up Reforestation in the United States: a Guide for Policymakers March 2021 Cover Photo: CDC Photography / American Forests

    Ramping up Reforestation in the United States: a Guide for Policymakers March 2021 Cover Photo: CDC Photography / American Forests

    Ramping up Reforestation in the United States: A Guide for Policymakers March 2021 Cover photo: CDC Photography / American Forests Executive Summary Ramping Up Reforestation in the United States: A Guide for Policymakers is designed to support the development of reforestation policies and programs. The guide highlights key findings on the state of America’s tree nursery infrastructure and provides a range of strategies for encouraging and enabling nurseries to scale up seedling production. The guide builds on a nationwide reforestation assessment (Fargione et al., 2021) and follow-on assessments (Ramping Up Reforestation in the United States: Regional Summaries companion guide) of seven regions in the contiguous United States (Figure 1). Nursery professionals throughout the country informed our key findings and strategies through a set of structured interviews and a survey. Across the contiguous U.S., there are over 133 million acres of reforestation opportunity on lands that have historically been forested (Cook-Patton et al., 2020). This massive reforestation opportunity equals around 68 billion trees. The majority of opportunities occur on pastureland, including those with poor soils in the Eastern U.S. Additionally, substantial reforestation opportunities in the Western U.S. are driven by large, severe wildfires. Growing awareness of this potential has led governments and organizations to ramp up reforestation to meet ambitious climate and biodiversity goals. Yet, there are many questions about the ability of nurseries to meet the resulting increase in demand for tree seedlings. These include a lack of seed, workforce constraints, and insufficient nursery infrastructure. To meet half of the total reforestation opportunity by 2040 (i.e., 66 million acres) would require America’s nurseries to produce an additional 1.8 billion seedlings each year.
  • Wood Production - Argentina 2013 Report Categories: Wood Products Approved By: Melinda Sallyards Prepared By: Mariana Prosperi

    Wood Production - Argentina 2013 Report Categories: Wood Products Approved By: Melinda Sallyards Prepared By: Mariana Prosperi

    THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY Voluntary - Public Date: 7/2/2013 GAIN Report Number: Argentina Post: Buenos Aires Wood Production - Argentina 2013 Report Categories: Wood Products Approved By: Melinda Sallyards Prepared By: Mariana Prosperi Report Highlights: Forestry development in Argentina is significant, since this country produces 10 million tons of wood every year. Due to lack of infrastructure and lack of investments in the sector, production exceeds the industry capacity. Therefore, much of the wood is finally used as charcoal instead of being modified into value-added products. There are opportunities for U.S. wood products in specific areas, such as construction and furniture. Executive Summary: A vast amount of land, ideal weather, rich soil, and species diversity, make Argentina a very competitive country in the forestry sector. According to information provided by the Forestry Division from the Ministry of Agriculture, Argentina has 1.2 million hectares of cultivated forests, of which 80 percent are located in the Mesopotamia Region, which include Misiones, Corrientes, and Entre Ríos Provinces. The most important species cultivated in the country are pines and eucalyptus. Moreover, 32 million hectares correspond to native forest, with 90 different species. Forestry development is significant, since Argentina produces 10 million tons of wood every year. Due to lack of infrastructure and lack of investments in the sector, production exceeds the industry capacity. Much of the wood is used as charcoal instead of used as value-added products. The Argentine government encourages forestry production with programs, subsidies, and grants, but the absence of national policies and long-term plans has a negative impact on the development of the forestry sector in Argentina.
  • Biochar Use in Forestry and Tree-Based Agro-Ecosystems For

    Biochar Use in Forestry and Tree-Based Agro-Ecosystems For

    This article was downloaded by: [University of Wyoming Libraries] On: 05 October 2013, At: 12:33 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tsdw20 Biochar use in forestry and tree-based agro- ecosystems for increasing climate change mitigation and adaptation Ilan Stavi a a Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Ketura, 88840, Israel Published online: 06 Mar 2013. To cite this article: Ilan Stavi (2013) Biochar use in forestry and tree-based agro-ecosystems for increasing climate change mitigation and adaptation, International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 20:2, 166-181, DOI: 10.1080/13504509.2013.773466 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2013.773466 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content.