"Does Science Advance One Funeral at a Time?" Azoulay, Pierre, Christian Fons-Rosen, and Joshua S. Graff Zivin. American Economic Review, Vol. 109, No. 8 (2889-2920). DOI: 10.1257/aer.20161574 Does Science Advance One Funeral at a Time? By Pierre Azoulay, Christian Fons-Rosen, and Joshua S. Graff Zivin∗ We examine how the premature death of eminent life scientists alters the vitality of their fields. While the flow of articles by col- laborators into affected fields decreases after the death of a star sci- entist, the flow of articles by non-collaborators increases markedly. This surge in contributions from outsiders draws upon a different scientific corpus and is disproportionately likely to be highly cited. While outsiders appear reluctant to challenge leadership within a field when the star is alive, the loss of a luminary provides an op- portunity for fields to evolve in new directions that advance the frontier of knowledge. JEL: I23, J24, O31. Keywords: economics of science, scientific fields, superstars, in- visible college, cumulative knowledge production. \A new scientific truth does not triumph by convincing its opponents and making them see the light, but rather because its opponents eventually die, and a new generation grows up that is familiar with it." Max Planck Scientific Autobiography and Other Papers Whether manna from heaven or the result of the purposeful application of research and development, technological advances play a foundational role in all modern theories of economic growth (Solow 1957, Romer 1990, Aghion and Howitt 1992). Only in the latter part of the nineteenth century, however, did techno- logical progress start to systematically build upon scientific foundations (Mokyr ∗ Azoulay: MIT Sloan School of Management and NBER, 100 Main Steet|E62-487, Cambridge, MA 02142 (e-mail:
[email protected]); Fons-Rosen: UC Merced and CEPR, Department of Economics, 5200 N.