DOCSLIB.ORG

Sandy Sediment Distribution on Coral Reefs and Beaches at Several Islands of the Ryukyu Island Arc

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sandy Sediment Distribution on Coral Reefs and Beaches at Several Islands of the Ryukyu Island Arc Geographical Review of Japan Vol. 71 (Ser. B), No. 1, 72-82, 1998 Sandy Sediment Distribution on Coral Reefs and Beaches at Several Islands of the Ryukyu Island Arc Hideo YAMANOUCHI Department of Geography, Faculty of Education, Gunma University Maebashi 371-8510, Japan Abstract: In the Ryukyu Island Arc, bioclastic sands containing foraminifera, e.g. Baculogypsina and Calcarina with spines on their tests, are abundant in sands of beaches and reefs. Attrition of the spines of Baculogypsina and Calcarina clarifies habitat and dispersion of these foraminifera at Yoshihara reef in Ishigakijima, where water flow clearly exists due to a distinct channel in the reef flat. At Sesokojima reef where no distinct channel exists, the method of using the attrition of spines on these bioclastic sands is applicable for evaluating transport courses of the bioclastic sands. This method provides a clue to elucidate gain and loss of beach sands in reefal coasts of the Ryukyu Island Arc. Key words: coral reef, sediment, bioclastic sand, Baculogypsina, Calcarina, Ryukyu Island Arc Bradach (1961) showed that large amount of Introduction corals were eaten and exhausted by reef fish. Crozier (1918) reported the amount of bottom Fringing coral reefs develop around almost sediment ingested by holothurians. Concerning all islands of the Ryukyu Island Arc in South deposits around coral reefs, Roberts et al. (1981) western Japan (Environment Agency 1996). referred to the effect of Callianassa. Though Many larger benthic foraminifera live on the such biological effects are known to play a sig reefs and are important components of beach nificant role, the author considers the physical sand deposits of this region (Figure 1). Exis processes of waves and currents as the most tence of Baculogypsina and Calcarina in the effective agency of supply and transport of Pacific region has been reported in many papers sandy sediments. (e.g. Todd 1960; Murray 1973). Baculogypsina In recent years, several investigations of sedi and Calcarina are common at the Ryukyu ments on the lagoon bottoms of New Caledonia Island Arc from north of Tokara Islands were conducted (Charily et al. 1988), and pre (Kuwano 1956a), to south of Ishigaki-Iriomote cise distribution maps were made (Chevillon Islands (Hatta and Ujiie 1992). Saito and and Clavier 1988; 1990, Chevillon and Richer Yamanouchi (1972) pointed out the existence of de Forges 1988). Chun et al. (1997) examined Baculogypsina at Tairajima of Tokara which lagoon-shelf sediment exchange by storms has a narrow coral reef less than 100m in using foraminiferal assemblges as tracer. width. Transport of sediments to outer reef slopes Sakai and Nishihira (1981) discussed valuable before and after storms is difficult to survey, biological data on Baculogypsina and estimated but Kan (1994) proved successful in his attempt the annual sediment production. Hohenegger and obtained valuable data. However, there is (1994) reported a detailed distribution of living little data available about sandy sediment on larger foraminifera on and off the coral reef the reefs and beaches. at Sesokojima in the central Ryukyu Island Saito and Yamanouchi (1973) noted the attri Arc, and mentioned that Baculogypsina and tion of tests on Baculogypsina at the reefs of Calcarina are abundant in the reef flat deposits. Tairajima and Kuchinosima. In Japan, only There are many papers referring to the bio one study using Baculogypsina as an indicator logical effects of sediments at coral reef regions. of drifting sediments was carried out at Sediment Distribution on Coral Reefs and Beaches 73 aerial mapping and field surveys. Reef and beach profiles were clarified by measurement of depth and distance from shorelines using staffs and marked nylon strings. Wherever possible sediment samples were collected according to grid points. Particle and composition analyses of sediments were carried out. After being washed and dried, the samples were sieved with the Ro Tap type sieving ap paratus. The samples were weighed, analyzed and gained M4 as a mean diameter and a as a sorting coefficient of samples (Stoddart 1978). Very coarse sands of 1-2mm in diameter were removed from the sieved samples. Approximately 1000 particles of each sample were then classified into coral fragments, shell fragments, lithic fragments, foraminifera: espe cially abundant Baculogypsina and Calcarina, other foraminifera: Amphistegina, Marginopora and others. The number of other types such as echinoide spines, crab shell and miscellaneous was insignificant. The number of each particle was counted and proportions of components were obtained. Among the foraminifera, Baculogypsina and Calcarina which originally have spines on their tests were classified into grade-A character ized by fresh spines, grade-B characterized by partly broken spines and grade-C without Figure 1. Components of beach sand (very spines (Figure 2). Because this method clarifies coarse sand: ƒÓ=1-2mm) at some islands of the Ryukyu Island Arc. differences between these foraminiferal sands 1: Coral fragments 4: Baculogypsina caused by the attrition of sand particle spines, 2: Shell fragments 5: Calcarina the author refers to this as "attrition grade 3: Lithic fragments 6: Others method" hereafter. The components and the attrition grade of each point were determined, Yoronjima by Akiyama (1979). However, quan enabling distributional maps based on the pro titative information concerning the relation portions of all points. Habitat and trans ship between beach and reef deposits is still port course of sands were presumed by these insufficient. maps. To confirm water flow, the author set On the basis of the attrition of the spines sediment traps on sandy bottoms in the moat of on Baculogypsina and Calcarina, the author at the reef. A currentmeter was used to determine tempts to clarify transport courses of bioclastic water movement at some points in the moat. sands on some islands in the Ryukyus with To confirm the habitat of Baculogypsina and special reference to the existence of channels in Calcarina, dying method by the Rose Bengal the reef flats (Yamanouchi 1988). (Kuwano 1956b) and the Sudan Black B (Walker et al. 1974) were used. Method Results and Discussion Topographic divisional maps of several reefs and beaches were made by topographic and Figure 1 shows all mean proportions of sever 74 H . Yamanouchi Figure 2. Three attrition grades of foraminifera: Baculogypsina and Calcarina. Baculogypsina sphaerulata (Parker & Jones) . 1: Grade-A, 2: Grade-B, 3: Grade-C. Calcarina gaudichaudii (d'Orbigny) 4: Grade-A, 5: Grade-B, 6: Grade-C. Figure 3. Particle size of sediments on the reef and beach at Okidomari reef in Okinoerabujima . Source: Yamanouchi, 1982. al sand samples which the author collected Baculogypsina is less than 2 mm in diameter . from the beaches at the islands of the Ryukyu Judging from the analyses of collected sand Island Arc. Figure 3 shows the particle size of samples, a high ratio of the components of sediments on a transect at a right angle to a foraminiferal sands in coarse sands is typical shoreline at Okidomari reef in Okinoerabujima for beach and reef in the Ryukyu Island Arc . in the central Ryukyus, indicating a high ratio The reef of Kuchinoshima is the northern of sands 1-2mm in diameter, as well as that at most coral reef in this region, and this 200m Kasari reef in Amamiohshima shown in Figure wide reef shows that Baculogypsina are domi 4. Figure 4 also indicates that at the Kasari reef nant on the beach and reef as shown in Figure 5 the Calcarina sands 1-2mm in diameter are (Yamanouchi 1980). According to the attrition dominant, and the size of most Calcarina and grade method, the outer reef flat area 75m and Sediment Distribution on Coral Reefs and Beaches 75 Figure 5. Characteristics of sands on the reef and beach at Kuchinoshima. Source: Yamanouchi, 1980. Figure 4. Particle size and components of sands on the reef and beach at Kasari reef in Amamiohshima. Source: Yamanouchi, 1980. Figure 6. Topographic divisional map of Yoshihara reef in Ishigakijima. Source: Yamanouchi, 1984. 76 H. Yamanouchi Figure 7. Distribution of each grade of attrition of Baculogypsina and Calcarina at Yoshihara reef in Ishigakijima. Source: Yamanouchi, 1984. beyond from the shore is supposed to be the reef at Ishigakijima (Yamanouchi 1984; Yama habitat of Baculogypsina because of the high nouchi et al.1989) and eastern reef of Ikeijima ratios of grade-A found among the compo (Yamanouchi and Hasegawa 1988). The explana nents. Otherwise, it is clear that the sands at tion of the Yoshihara reef at Ishigakijima fol near shoreline are affected by turbulence and lows below. attrition by breakers in periods of high tide as Figure 6 shows a very clear channel in the grade-C particles dominate. middle of Yoshihara reef at Ishigakijima. Com Next, the distributional pattern of sands on ponent analysis of the collected samples in the reefs and beaches was examined. As exam this area reveals that the highest ratio of the ples of reefs having a clear channel, the author grade-A of Baculogypsina exists on the reef surveyed Okidomari and Ohtsukan reefs at crests on both sides of the channel (over 60%), Okinoerabujima (Yamanouchi 1982), Yoshihara whereas in the channel head the lowest ratio Sediment Distribution on Coral Reefs and Beaches 77 of the grade-A (10%) and the highest ratio of the grade-C (20%) exist as shown in Figure 7. In the case of Calcarina, a similar pattern of the attrition grades is recognizable in Figure 7. These features indicate that living Baculogypsina and Calcarina on the reef crests move into the moats and offshore, and in the channel head spine attrition may be attributed to the existence of a strong current. Though not as clear as in Yoshihara at Ishigakijima, a similar distribution pattern of each grade of Baculogypsina and Calcarina in relation to the channel was observed at Okidomari reef at Okinoerabujima, and eastern reef at Ikeijima.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nansei Islands Biological Diversity Evaluation Project Report 1 Chapter 1
    Introduction WWF Japan’s involvement with the Nansei Islands can be traced back to a request in 1982 by Prince Phillip, Duke of Edinburgh. The “World Conservation Strategy”, which was drafted at the time through a collaborative effort by the WWF’s network, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), posed the notion that the problems affecting environments were problems that had global implications. Furthermore, the findings presented offered information on precious environments extant throughout the globe and where they were distributed, thereby providing an impetus for people to think about issues relevant to humankind’s harmonious existence with the rest of nature. One of the precious natural environments for Japan given in the “World Conservation Strategy” was the Nansei Islands. The Duke of Edinburgh, who was the President of the WWF at the time (now President Emeritus), naturally sought to promote acts of conservation by those who could see them through most effectively, i.e. pertinent conservation parties in the area, a mandate which naturally fell on the shoulders of WWF Japan with regard to nature conservation activities concerning the Nansei Islands. This marked the beginning of the Nansei Islands initiative of WWF Japan, and ever since, WWF Japan has not only consistently performed globally-relevant environmental studies of particular areas within the Nansei Islands during the 1980’s and 1990’s, but has put pressure on the national and local governments to use the findings of those studies in public policy. Unfortunately, like many other places throughout the world, the deterioration of the natural environments in the Nansei Islands has yet to stop.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Accident Investigation Report
    MARINE ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPORT October 3, 2017 Adopted by the Japan Transport Safety Board Chairman Kazuhiro Nakahashi Member Yuji Sato Member Kenkichi Tamura Member Toshiyuki Ishikawa Member Makiko Okamoto Accident type Grounding Date and time Around 06:00 on February 11, 2017 (local time, UTC+9 hours) Location On the southwest coast of the Suwanosejima Island, Toshima-mura, Kagoshima Around 217° true bearing, 2.0 nautical miles (M) from the primary triangulation station of the Suwanosejima Island (approximately 29°36.7'N, 129°41.4'E) Summary of the Accident An oil tanker, SAGAN, with 18 crews, including the master, became unable to start and drifted due to failures in the main engine while heading northeast off the western coast of the Noma Peninsula, Satsuma-shi, Kagoshima. She grounded on the southwest coast of the Suwanosejima Island, Toshima-mura, Kagoshima. SAGAN was completely destroyed with cracks, etc. on the bottom shell, but there were no casualties. Process and Progress of (1) Setup of the Investigation the Investigation The Japan Transport Safety Board appointed an investigator-in-charge and one other marine accident investigator on February 13, 2017 and another marine accident investigator on March 1st to investigate this accident. (2) Collection of Evidence February 13, 14, April 9, May 18, 31, December 1, 2017: Interview April 5-8, 2017: On-site investigation September 6, 7, 2017: Interview and collection of questionnaire The Japan Transport Safety Board entrusted a private analysis company with the analysis of the fuel oil used at the time of the accident. (3) Comments from Parties Relevant to the Cause Comments on the draft report were invited from parties relevant to the cause of accident.
    [Show full text]
  • The Elements of Concealment in Ryukyuan Diplomacy Between Japan and China in Early Modern Times*
    The Elements of Concealment in Ryukyuan Diplomacy between Japan and China in Early Modern Times* WATANABE Miki Introduction Figure 1. An Illustration from the “Illustrated Tale of FurugΩri HachirΩ’s Shipwreck” in Ryπkyπ Nendaiki Figure 1 is an illustration which appeared in a chronicle of the Ryukyu Kingdom entitled Ryπkyπ Nendaiki 琉球 代記, published in Japan in 1832, and was inserted into the vignette, “Illustrated Tale of FurugΩri HachirΩ’s 古郡八郞 Shipwreck.”1) The title in the upper right hand corner reads, “FurugΩri HachirΩ shaves the heads (sakayaki 月代) of the Ryukyu- ans [aboard ship].” The term “sakayaki” refers to the standard male Japa- nese hairstyle in the premodern era, in which the head is shaved from the 88 The Memoirs of the Toyo Bunko, 75, 2017 forehead to the tip of the skull and leaving the remaining hairline in the form of a bowed-out crescent. The figure with the Japanese traditional topknot (chonmage 丁髷) and “sakayaki” is probably FurugΩri HachirΩ him- self, and the newly shaven figure in the bow of the ship, the figure being shaved, and the two figures with long hairpins through round topknots and without “sakayaki” are no doubt the Ryukyuans in question. From the pleasant expression of the Ryukyuans, there seems nothing coercive about the barbering. The account accompanying the illustration may be summed up as follows. Once upon a time, a Japanese by the name of HachirΩ went adrift in the ocean and was cast upon the shores of the Ryukyu Islands. The king of Ryukyu ordered four of his subjects to return HachirΩ to Japan, but alas, that ship also went adrift and was cast upon the shores of Ming China.
    [Show full text]
  • Volcanic Geology and Rocks of Nakanoshima, Takara Islands, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan
    Journal of Geosciences, Osaka City University Vol. 32, Art. 1, p. 1-22 March, 1989 Volcanic Geology and Rocks of Nakanoshima, Takara Islands, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan Masahiro DAISHI* (with 2 Tables 8 Figs.) Abstract One of the Tokara Islands, Nakanoshima, is situated about 207 km south-southwest of Kago­ shima City, and has a beautiful cone-shaped stratovolcano, Otake. This island is composed mainly of the N akanoshima volcanic rocks, which originated are in this island. The N akanoshima volcanic rocks consist of the Serizaki andesites in the southeast, the Nanatsuyama andesites in the east, the Sakiwaridake andesites in the south, the Shiizaki andesites in the southwest, the Older Otake vol­ cano in the north, the Nigoriura andesites in the west, the Negamidake andesites in the east and the Younger Otake volcano in ascending order. The Serizaki andesites are formed by many altered andesitic lava flows and a little pyroclastic rocks of two-pyroxene andesite. The fission track age of lava from Serizaki is 1.75 ± 0.22 Ma. The Nanatsuyama andesites are composed of dense altered andesitic lava flows and pyroclastic rocks of two-pyroxene andesite. The Sakiwaridake andesites consist of partially altered lava flows and pyroclastic rocks of olivine-bearing and olivine-free two-pyroxene andesite. The Shiizaki andesites are composed of partially altered lava flows and pyroclastic rocks of two-pyroxene ande­ site. The Older Otake volcano consists of lava flows and pyroclastic rocks of olivine-bearing and olivine-free two-pyroxene andesite. The Nigoriura andesites are composed of lava flows and pyro­ clastic rocks of two-pyroxene hornblende andesite.
    [Show full text]
  • Of Japan( Dissertation 全文 )
    A revisional study of the spider family Thomisidae (Arachnida, Title Araneae) of Japan( Dissertation_全文 ) Author(s) Ono, Hirotsugu Citation Kyoto University (京都大学) Issue Date 1988-01-23 URL http://dx.doi.org/10.14989/doctor.r6388 Right Type Thesis or Dissertation Textversion author Kyoto University 学位 請 論 文 (主 論 文) 小 野 族 嗣 1灘 灘灘 灘轟 1 . Thomisidae aus Japan. I. Das Genus Tmarus Simon (Arachnida: Araneae). Acta arachnol., 27 (spec. no.): 61-84 (1977). 2 . Thomisidae aus Japan. II. Das Genus Oxytate L.Koch 1878 (Arachnida: Araneae). Senckenb. biol., 58: 245-251 (1978). 3 . Thomisidae aus dem Nepal-Himalaya. I. Das Genus Xysticus C.L.Koch 1835 (Arachnida: Araneae). Senckenb. biol., 59: 267-288 (1978). 4 . Thomisidae aus dem Nepal-Himalaya. II. Das Genus Lysiteles Simon 1895 (Arachnida: Araneae). Senckenb. biol., 60: 91-108 (1979). 5 . Fossile Spinnen aus miozanen Sedimenten des Randecker Maars in SW- Deutschland (Arachnida: Araneae). Jh. Ges. Naturkde. Wurttemberg, 134: 133-141 (1979). (W.Schawaller t 4E1t) 6 . Thomisidae aus Japan. III. Das Genus Lysiteles Simon 1895 (Arachnida: Araneae). Senckenb. biol., 60: 203-217 (1980). 7 . Thomisidae aus dem Nepal-Himalaya. III. Das Genus Stiphropus Gerstaecker 1873, mit Revision der asiatischen Arten (Arachnida: Araneae). Senckenb. biol., 61: 57-76 (1980). 8 . Erstnachweis einer Krabbenspinne (Thomisidae) in dominikanischem Bernstein (Stuttgarter Bernsteinsammlung: Arachnida, Araneae). Stuttgart. Beitr. Naturk., B, (73): 1-13 (1981). 9 . Revision japanischer Spinnen. I. Synonymieeiniger Arten der Familien Theridiidae, Araneidae, Tetragnathidae and Agelenidae (Arachnida: Araneae). Acta arachnol., 30: 1-7 (1981). 10 . Verwandtschaft von Tetrablemma phulchoki Lehtinen 1981 (Araneae: Tetrablemmidae). Senckenb.
    [Show full text]
  • Izu Islands Thrush Akakokko
    Bird Research News Vol.3 No.9 2006. 9.13. Izu Islands Thrush Akakokko (Jpn) Turdus celaenops Morphology and classification Nest: They build a bowl-shaped nest in a tree at a height of 0.5-6m above the Classification: Passeriformes Muscicapidae ground (Kiyosu 1978), solidifying Total length: Approx. 230mm Culmen length: 20-23mm fine tree roots, grass stems, moss and Wingspan: ♂ 112.0-124.0mm ♀ 108.0-117.0mm other materials with soil. The nest Tail length: ♂ 82.0-100.8mm ♀ 74.0-89.0mm has an outer diameter of 13-16.5cm, Tarsus length: ♂ 31.9-35.8mm ♀ 32.5-33.7mm an inner diameter of 8-10cm, a depth Photo 2. Eggs and nest of Izu Weight: ♂ 73.7-81.3g ♀ 65.9-93.1g of 5.5-7cm and a height of 9.5-13cm. Islands Thrushes. [Photo by Tanaka Toshihiko] Total length and bill length are quoted from Takano (1990), and Kiyosu (1978), re- Egg: spectively. Other measurements are taken in the banding study at Miyakejima Island. Clutch size is usually three or four eggs, ranging from two to five Appearance: eggs. The egg has a long diameter of approximately 29mm by 21 Male is black from the head toward the chest, and orange on the mm. The egg has red brown flecks on a blue background. abdomen and flank. The bill and the area around the eye are yel- low. The back, shoulders and wing coverts are dark brown. Female Incubation and nestling periods and fledging rate: is somewhat paler than male. Individuals of the Tokara Islands, Incubation period is unknown.
    [Show full text]
  • An. Sinensis, An. Zindesayi Japonicus, Tp. Bambusa Yaeyamensis, MZ
    18 Mosquito Systematics Vol. 15(l) 1983 -I Mosquitoes of the Tokara Archipelago, Japan .2 2 .3 4 Ichiro Miyagi , Takako Toma , Hiroshi Suzuki and Takao Okazawa ABSTRACT: Nineteen mosquito species belonging to nine genera are recorded from Kuchinoshima, Nakanoshima and Takarajima of Tokara Archipelago, Japan: An. sinensis, An. Zindesayi japonicus, Tp. bambusa yaeyamensis, MZ. genurostris, To. yanbarensis, Cq. ochracea, Or. anopheZoides, Ae. nishikmai, Ae. togoi, Ae. albopictus, Ae. fZavopictus downsi, Ae. riversi, Ae. vexans nipponii, Ar. subalbatus, Cx. ryukyensis, Cx. halifaxii, Cx. pipiens quinquefaseiatus, Cx. tritaeniorhynehus and Cx. bitaeniorhynehus. All of them are new records from the islands. Among them 13 species are widely distributed in the Ryukyu Islands and the Palaearctic Japan. Five species, Tp. bambusa yaeyamensis, Ml. genurostris, Ae. nishikawai, Ae. flavopietus downsi and CX. ryukyensis, are an Oriental element and the northernmost records. An. Zindesayi japonicus has not been found in the Ryukyu Archipelago and this is the sourhernmost record of the species. The distribution and habits of the species are also discussed. INTRODUCTION The Tokara Archipelago (Fig. 1), lying in the east China sea between the latitudes of 29-30' N and the longitudes of 129-130' W, is mainly composed of nine small islands: Kuchinoshima (13.30 km*), Nakanoshima (27.54 km*), Gajyajima (4.50 km*), Suwanosejima (22.5 km2), Tairajima (1.99 km2), Akusekijima (7.04 km2), Takarajima (7.0 km2), Kodakarajima (1.17 km2) and Yokoatejima (3.76 km2). The Archipelago represents an extremely interesting area from a zoogeo- graphical standpoint. As is well known, the mosquito fauna of the northern Satsuma Islands (including Tanegashima and Yakushima) are in the same zoological zone as the mainland of Japan which belongs to the Palaearctic Region.
    [Show full text]
  • Geological Society of America Bulletin
    Downloaded from gsabulletin.gsapubs.org on February 11, 2014 Geological Society of America Bulletin Volcano-tectonic interactions during rapid plate-boundary evolution in the Kyushu region, SW Japan S.H. Mahony, L.M. Wallace, M. Miyoshi, P. Villamor, R.S.J. Sparks and T. Hasenaka Geological Society of America Bulletin 2011;123, no. 11-12;2201-2223 doi: 10.1130/B30408.1 Email alerting services click www.gsapubs.org/cgi/alerts to receive free e-mail alerts when new articles cite this article Subscribe click www.gsapubs.org/subscriptions/ to subscribe to Geological Society of America Bulletin Permission request click http://www.geosociety.org/pubs/copyrt.htm#gsa to contact GSA Copyright not claimed on content prepared wholly by U.S. government employees within scope of their employment. Individual scientists are hereby granted permission, without fees or further requests to GSA, to use a single figure, a single table, and/or a brief paragraph of text in subsequent works and to make unlimited copies of items in GSA's journals for noncommercial use in classrooms to further education and science. This file may not be posted to any Web site, but authors may post the abstracts only of their articles on their own or their organization's Web site providing the posting includes a reference to the article's full citation. GSA provides this and other forums for the presentation of diverse opinions and positions by scientists worldwide, regardless of their race, citizenship, gender, religion, or political viewpoint. Opinions presented in this publication do not reflect official positions of the Society.
    [Show full text]
  • Faculty of Engineering
    ISSN 2186-1714 KAGOSHIMA UNIVERSITY NEWSLETTER Spring 2018 Special Issue 学部紹介 特集 Faculty of Engineering KAGOSHIMA UNIVERSITY Contents KAGOSHIMA UNIVERSITY Special Issue NEWSLETTER No.15 Faculty of Engineering, P.1 Graduate School of Engineering Published by International Community Kagoshima University Global Initiative Centre 国際交流 1-21-30, Korimoto, Kagoshima National Institute of Technology Japan, 890-8580 P.9 email: Karnataka (NITK), India [email protected] Dhruva Narayana Katpady Board Editor Sameshima Sōichirō Editor in Chief International Programme Steve Cother The GOES Programme Contributing Editors Nakatani Sumie P.10 Bo Causer, Specially Appointed Assistant Professor, Morita Toyoko Global Development Office, Graduate School of Science Fukutomi Shō and Engineering Design & Printing Shibundo Co. Ltd. KUToday is a biannual publication to Discover KU present information about Kagoshima University to a wider What artifacts can tell us international audience. Each edition P.12 will feature one faculty for about our ancestors prospective overseas students as well as other topics such as educational Shinzato Takayuki, Research Associate, Research Centre programmes, research and alumni for Archaeology information. Some articles are translations from the Japanese-language publication, Kadai Journal, upon which KU Today 鹿大 is loosely based. Any comments or suggestions about KUToday will be Campus Walk Around warmly received. 見て P.14 あ Division of Instrumental Analysis PDF files on KUToday can be る Sawada Tsuyoshi, Associate Professor, Research Support Centre downloaded from https://www.kagoshima-u.ac.jp/en/ 紀 about/newsletter.html A Note on Names Following convention East Asian names appearing in KU Today are written family name followed by P.16 Faces and Snapshots given name.
    [Show full text]
  • Volcanic Island Chain South of Kyushu, Japan Kisei KINOSHITA and Masaya SAKAMOTO
    KAWAI, K., TERADA, R. and KUWAHARA, S. (eds): The Islands of Kagoshima Kagoshima University Research Center for the Pacific Islands, 15 March 2013 Chapter 21 Volcanic Island Chain South of Kyushu, Japan Kisei KINOSHITA and Masaya SAKAMOTO 1. Introduction etrating sedimentary layers. he Nansei (Ryukyu) Islands south of Kyushu Tincludes many insular volcanoes, as shown in 2. Satsuma-Iojima and Takeshima Islands Fig. 1, forming a volcanic island chain extending ap- ow let us start our “Volcano tour,” moving proximately 380 km from Satsuma-Iojima Is. (north) Nnorth to south. Two small islands, Satsuma- to Io-Torishima Is. (south). The northernmost vol- Iojima Is. and Takeshima Is. (shown in Fig. 3) are lo- cano stands at the rim of Kikai caldera, which was cated 50 km south of the mouth of Kagoshima Bay. the source of the most catastrophic eruption in Japan About 7,300 years ago, the Kikai-Akahoya eruption during the last 10,000 years. Each of the others has occurred here, leaving the submerged Kikai caldera. specific properties and histories almost unknown Pyroclastic flows, composed of hot lava fragments because of their geographical isolation. A brief in- and gases, travelled over the sea to Yakushima Is., troductory overview is given here, describing the Tanegashima Is. and other nearby islands, and cov- geoscientific character of the small volcanic islands. ered with lithic fragments such as pumice, lapilli and Let us examine the tectonic setting of these is- ash. They further reached the Osumi and Satsuma land volcanoes. They belong to the West Japan Vol- peninsulas of mainland Kyushu, wiping out the canic Zone, together with Kaimondake, Sakurajima early Jomon culture.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Insect Fauna Reports for the Islands in Kagoshima Prefecture Yositaka SAKAMAKI
    KAWAI, K., TERADA, R. and KUWAHARA, S. (eds): The Islands of Kagoshima Kagoshima University Research Center for the Pacific Islands, 15 March 2013 Chapter 23 A Review of Insect Fauna Reports for the Islands in Kagoshima Prefecture Yositaka SAKAMAKI 1. Introduction 2. Characteristics of insect fauna in Osumi ost of islands in Kagoshima Prefecture are Islands Mthe northern part of in Nansei archipelago he Osumi Islands have various environments: (=Ryukyu Archipelago), which extends from TYakushima Is. has high mountainous area Kyushu in the north to Ryukyu Islands (Okinawa (about 2,000 m a.s.l.), Tanegashima and Mages- Prefecture) in the south. These islands are often hima Is. are flat, and Kuchinoerabujima and Iojima called the Satsunan Islands and subdivided into Is. with a very active volcanoes. Thorough surveys three island groups: Osumi, Tokara and Amami have been conducted on Yakushima Is. (OKADOME Islands. Two additional island groups lie northwest 1973, WATANABE 1980, NAKANE 1984, TAKAKUWA of the Satsunan Islands: the Koshikijima and Uji / and FUJITA 2010), identifying many endemic spe- Kusagaki Islands. This chapter focuses only on the cies and subspecies of Coleoptera, Lepidoptera Nansei archipelago. As the climate of Kyushu is and Homoptera, e.g. Dorcus striatipennis koyamai temperate and that of Ryukyu is subtropical, the (Nakane), Prismognathus tokui Kurosawa, Dorcus islands can be regarded as a climatic transitional rectus yakushimaensis Tsuchiya, Aesalus asiaticus zone, in which many temperate and subtropical sawai Fujita & Ichikawa, Leptura yakushimana species come into contact. (Tamanuki), Acalolepta masatakai Makihara, Several reports on insect fauna of these islands Necydalis yakushimensis Kusama in Coleoptera, have been published in Japanese.
    [Show full text]
  • Scale Demographic Processes Resulting from Multiple Overseas
    Journal of Biogeography (J. Biogeogr.) (2016) ORIGINAL Fine-scale demographic processes ARTICLE resulting from multiple overseas colonization events of the Japanese stream tree frog, Buergeria japonica Shohei Komaki1,2, Si-Min Lin3, Masafumi Nozawa4,5, Shohei Oumi6, Masayuki Sumida7 and Takeshi Igawa1* 1Division of Developmental Science, Graduate ABSTRACT School for International Development and Aim Amphibians are considered poor transoceanic dispersers because of their Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Higashi- permeable skin. However, overseas dispersal of amphibian species has been Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan, 2Global Career Design Center, Hiroshima revealed by recent phylogeographical studies and the role of overseas coloniza- University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima tion of amphibians on their evolution and diversification has also been high- 739-8514, Japan, 3Department of Life Science, lighted. However, no studies have investigated in detail the demographic National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei processes related to these overseas colonization events. To clarify how amphib- 116, Taiwan, 4Department of Genetics, ians achieve overseas colonization, we estimated the demographic history of SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, the Japanese stream tree frog, Buergeria japonica, which is distributed on Japan, 5Center for Information Biology, Amami Island and four northern neighbouring islands of the Tokara Archipelago, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan. Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan, 6Section of Location South-western islands of Japan and Taiwan. Agriculture and Forest, Amami City Government, Amami, Kagoshima 894-0048, Methods We analysed the mitochondrial cytb gene and 20 microsatellite loci, Japan, 7Institute for Amphibian Biology, and constructed phylogenetic trees based on these data. We also performed Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima demographic analyses by applying approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima method and an isolation-with-migration model.
    [Show full text]