New or UnusualAmphibians and Reptilesfrom Oaxaca,, II. JOHN D. LYNCH and HOBART M. SMITH Mr. ThomasMacDougall obtained 180 specimensof reptilesand amphibiansin the Isthmusof Tehuantepec,Oaxaca, and in adjacent Chiapasduring the period September 6 to December 10, 1963. All speci- menshave been deposited in thecollections of theUniversity of Illinois Museumof Natural History (UIMNH) towhich all citedspecimen num- bersrefer unless indicated otherwise. We aregreatly indebted to Mr. Mac- Dougall,to Dr. D. F. Hoffmeisterand to Dr. PaulH. Silvermanfor con- tinuedsupport of ourstudies on Mexicanherpetology. Mostof the specimens represent forms already expected or knownto occurin thearea but several require extension of range-concepts,repre- sentnew forms, or providedata for reevaluation of nomenclature. Local- itiesand all taxarepresented for each are given in theaccompanying list, followedby an accountof thosespecimens of specialinterest. We have previouslyreportedtheXenosaurgs (Lynch and Smith, 1965a), and a new speciesof Psegdoevrycea is deferred for attention byour colleague Macreay Landy,who is reviewingthe entire . El Sumidero,Tuxtla Gutierrez:Hyla sumichrasti. OAXACA- Boqueron(nr. Zanatepec): Basiliscusvittatus, Sphaerodactylus g. glaucus, Dry- mobiuschloroticus; Cerro Guiengola (1000; m.): Elaphetriaspis intermedia; Cerro HumoChico (3200 m.): Crotalgsi. intermedius; Cerro Pelon (km. 130): Eleuther- odactylusmexicanus, Thamnophis chrysocephalus; Cerro San Felipe: Eleuther- odactylusmexicvnus, Eumeces brevirostris, Bothrops undulatus, Crotalus i. inter- medius,Rhadinaea vittata, Salvadora intermedia, Stenorrbina f. fremin1villei, Tantillarubra, Thamnophis chrysocephalus, Toluca lineata acgta, Tolura megalodon; CerroSomberito, El Limon: Manolepisputnami; El Limon: Leptodeiraannulata cussiliris,Trimorphodon b. biscxtatus; Escurana: Manolepis putnami; San Juan Lachao, Juquila (2100 m.): Dryadophismelanolomus tehumnae; Santa Lucia: Dryadophismelanolomus tehudnae; Tehuantepec:Bothrops dunni, Loxocemus bicolor,Manolepis putnami; Union : Leptodeiraannulata sussiliris; Zana-- tepec,Sierra Madre (betweenbase and crest): Bolitoglossabilineata sp. n., Buto v. valliceps,Eleutherodactylus macdougalli, E. rhodopisJE. r. rugulosus,Hyla dxellmanisp. n., HylastauJferi, Leptodactylus melanonotus, Plectrobyla matudai, Ptychobylaexthywanota, P. macrotym panam, P. schmidtorumchamulae, A^neiva undxlataparva, Anolis cuprinus, A limifronsrodriguezi3 A. nebxlosus, A. petersi, A. sericeuswellbornae, Gerrhonotus 1. Iiorephalus, Sceloporus malachiticus inter- nasalis,S. m.melanorhinus, S. siniferus, Sriozcellv assatum taylori, S. g. gemmingeri,

Adelphicosveraepacis latifozsriata subsp. n.? Bothropsdunni} B nigroviridisaurifer, Coniophaneshssidens punctigularis, Conophis vittatus vidgus, Dryadophis melan- olomusdorsalis, Drymobius hlorotious, Leptotyphlops p. phenops,Mirrurxs rigrorinctusbrowni, Af. n. nushalis, deppei lineaticollis Rhadinaev binfordi,Tantillitv brevissimaJ and Tropidodipsvs fisrheri.

Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, Vol. 69, No. 1, 1966. Published June 15, 1966.

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Bolitoglossabilineata sp. nov. (Fig 1) Holotype. UIMNH 56162,adult female, collected in the Sierra Madrenori of Zanatepec,Oaxaca, Mexico, by ThomasMacDougall, betweenSeptember 24 andOctober 3, 1963. Diagnosisand dehnition.A diminutive of Bolitoglossa allied to B. occidentalisand B. rutescensbut characterized and distinguished by:maxillary teeth present, few in number;tail shorter than body; hands andfeet fully webbed; snout elongate; venter whitish; a pair of cream dor- solateralstripes beginning at eyeand endingjust posterior to basalcon- strictionof tail; blackline belowlight stripe, becoming lighter toward venter;dorsum between stripes brown, edged in darkbrown; snout anterior to eyeslight. Descriptionof holotype.Head flattened,wider than body; snout truncate as seenfrom above, elongate and truncate in lateral profile; no depression inoccipital region;width of eyelidabout 1/2 that of interorbitalspace; length of eyemuch lessthan eye to tipof snout;prominent subnarial pendant swellings; area about nostrilsswollen; skin of headminutely pustular; no sublingualfold; tongue bole- toid;6 teethon leftmaxilla, 8 on right;11-9 vomerine teeth per side in a curved patch;choanae visible from directly below, oval in shape;apparently no premax- illaryteeth; gular fold prominent, extending up sidesto aboutlevel of arms. Limbsstocky, toes and fingers fully webbed, hand and foot wide; tips of digits of adpressedlimbs separated by 23/4 costal folds; 12 costalgrooves; skin of body minutelygranular; tail short, much less than body (64% bodylength); head width

Figure1. Lateral and dorsal views of holotypeof Bolitoglossabilineata sp. nov. (UI 56162).

This content downloaded from 66.194.72.152 on Thu, 18 Jul 2013 19:21:51 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Madrespecieswebbed, north ofno the ofsex Hyla Zanatewc,al taeniopgs-groupdimorphism ,, Oaxaca,.. . in'WLe:: -s 9-i _ :^ ^- ' - --'

60 TransactionsKansvs Academy of Saience contained5.95 times in standardlength; 22 caudalgrooves; tail with basal constric- tion;tail round, not greatly compressed. Color. Two lightcream to whitedorsolateral stripes originating fromlight snout patch (Fig. 1) and passingover outer edge of eyelid, wideningon bodyposterior to headand extending over about 1/3 of tail; area betweenstripes on backrich brown edged in darkbrown; below stripesbrown-black area edged dorsally in black,blending into ventral creamcolor; limbs brown on outersurfaces. Meowsurementsin mm. Snout-vent29.1; headwidth 4.9; lengthof tail18.6; length of eye1.57; snout to gularfold 7.8; eyeto tipof snout 2.1. Relationshipsand comparisons.f theMexican and Guatemalan speciesof Bolitoglossa,B. bilineataappears closest to B. orridentalisand B. rufesrensfrom which it differsmost markedly in colorand dentition. Hyla dnellmani sp. nov. (Fig-2) Holotype.UIMNH 56821,a - _------St male,collected in t e Sierra : ^

Mexico,5,000 feet,by homa --- w MacDougall,November 8, 1963. ;<;0-ip? 0 Pargype. UIH 56186,a- - ii iii7 . :: dultfemale, same data as holotype.= - tXi Diagnosisand definition.-A t - : .-

characterizedand distinguishedby: - ^ * t dorsumheavily tuberculate; tarsal B = -- fold strong,complete; to s fuUy - - s ^ -

snoutshape;outer fingersnearly < . - - one-halfwebbed; numerous super- - H } numerarytu ercles;ana sheathex- tendingto mid-thighlevel- ' large Flgure2. Ventralview of holotypemale chocolate-brown blotches, darker of Hyladuellmani sp. nov.(UI 56821). brownedged, on throatand upper chest;dorsum dark brown with large black blotches; legs with few, wide darkbands, and with narrow interspace dark bands. Desariptionof holotype. (Fig. 2, 3a) Adultmale; head wider than long, slightlywider than body; qelid 88 percent interorbital distance; snout rounded fromabove, semi-truncate in iateral profile; eye longer than- eye to nost-rildistance; canthusrostralis sharp; loreal region concave, lips slightly Bared; nostrils directed

This content downloaded from 66.194.72.152 on Thu, 18 Jul 2013 19:21:51 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Amphibiansand Reptilesfrom Oaxaca, Mexico. 11 61 dorsolaterallyon swollenbases; supratympanicfold prominent,covering dorsal edge of tympanum;tympani small, round, with raisededges, directed somewhat posterodorsally;skin of head stronglytuberculate; tongue large, rounded,with feeblenotch behind; no vocal slits; choanaevisible from directly below, partly hiddenby lip, rounded;vomerine dentigerous porcesses about twice size of choana, lyingmedial and slightlyposterior to choanae;processes almost in mediancontact, teethalong posterioredge, 9 on right,8 on left. Rudimentargweb betweenfingers one and two;outer fingers about 1/2 webbed; numeroussupernumerary tubercles on palm; subarticulartubercles small, oval, simple;brown nuptial. callosity, triangular in outline,on dorsalsurface of thumb; pads on fingers1/2 as largeas tympani;skin of dorsumstrongly tuberculate; venter areolate;anal sheathextending to mid-thighlevel, bordered by largetubercle on eitherside; innertarsal fold complete,strong row of tubercleson outeredge of tarsus;numerous supernumerary tubercles on sole; outermetatarsal tubercle poorly defined;toes fully webbed; subarticular tubercles small except on fifthtoe. Color. Dorsal groundcolor dark chocolate-brownwith black blotches;legs smoewhat lighter, with black bands, 3 largebands on leg, 2 narrowerblack bands in theinterspaces; 3 large bands on shank,2 on tarsusand foot; sides with large black spots edged in white;venter cream brownin alcohol;throat and anteriorpart of chestwith large, sharply outlined,irregular brown spots edged in slightlydarker brown. Variation.The female differs slightly in proportions(Table 1) but mostnotably in color. Lessof thedorsum is coveredwith dark blotches,

Table1. ComparisonofHyla duellmani with other species of Hyla taeniopus-group.

S. pecles H. duellmani H. taeniopus H. chaneque Sex (From Duellman, 1965) (From Duellman,1965)

_ _ _ _ Snout-vent(in mm.) 51.45 52.1 48.0-6S.9 56.6-70.0 52.8-70.9 71.6-79.3 (58.0) (64.2) (60.3) (75.5) Tibia/snout-vent 0.564 0.563 0.45-0.50 0.47-0.52 0.46-0.53 0.48-0.56 (0.48) (0.49) (0.49) (0.52) Foot length/snout-vent 0.456 0.483 0.39-0.46 0.41-0.46 0.42-0.46 0.45-0.46 (0.42) (0.43) (0.44) (0.46) Head length/snout-vent 0.338 0.361 0.29-0.34 0.30-0.33 0.31-0.35 0.31-0.33 (0.31) (0.32) (0-33) (0.32) Head width/snout-vent 0.346 0.368 0.26-0.30 0.30-0.33 0.32-0.35 0.32-0.33 (0.28) (0.32) (0.33) (0-33) Interorbitaldistance/head width 0.315 0.295 0.31-0.37 0.32-0.34 0.300.35 0.28-0.30 (0.35) (0-33) (0.32) (0.29) Tympanum/eyelength 0.483 0.425 0.51-0.62 0.54-0.66 0.42-0.56 0.43-0.45 (0.56) (0.62) (0.47) (0.44) Eye-nostril/headwidth 0.247 0.256 0.23-0.29 0.27-0.29 0.21-0.27 0.22-0.23 (0.26) (0.28) - (0.24) (0.22) Vomerine teeth 17 13 94 16 9-16 9-16 13-18 (12.7) (13.3) (13.0) (15.5)

This content downloaded from 66.194.72.152 on Thu, 18 Jul 2013 19:21:51 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Science 62 TransactionsKansas Academy of distinctowing theskin is slightlyless tuberculate; the leg bands are more The throat tothe reduction of theintensity of thebrown ground color. chestare very hasblotches only on theedge of thelips and those of the faint.

Remotrks.Two other species are known in theHyla taeniopvs-group formeroccurs (Duellman,1965:159) :H. chaneqgeand H. taeniopgs.The in theOaxaca onthe Atlantic slopes of Chiapasand Oaxaca, Mexico? and Orientalfrom highlands.H. taeniopusoccurs along the Sierra Madre northernHidalgo to centralVeracruz, Mexico. and Hyla dz/ellmlanidiffers from H. tozeniopsas doesH. chaneque, colorationand fromH. chaneqgein tubercularityof the dorsum, ventral aresmaller amountof fingerwebbing. Both specimens of H. dvellmani However, andhave different vomerine teeth counts than H. chaneqge. neitherof thesefeatures is likelyto provecharacteristic. forests Hyla dgellmanioccupies a distinctive region, occurring incloud It is onthe Pacific slopes of a Sierraof theIsthmus of Tehuantepec. probablya stream breeder as arethe other species of this group.

Hylasumichrasti (Brocchi) April27, A female(56882), 28 mm.snout-vent length, collected a significant 1964at E1 Sumidero,Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas, represents in thelitera- rangeextension. Until the present, the species was known and tureonly from the southern portion of theIsthmus of Tehuantepec also placesthe extremewestern Chiapas along the Pacific. This record authorhas speciesin theAtlantic drainage (Rio Grijalva). The senior of Kansas seennumerous specimens in thecollections of theUniversity The Tuxtla Museumof NaturalHistory from northern Chiapas, Mexico. specimenwas found in a rillandXi.

Plectrohylamatudai Hartweg Madre Sevenspecimens, 56193-98, 56829, were taken from Sierra 10, 1963. northof Zanatepec,5,000 + feet,September 6-December from Bumzahemand Smith(1954), on thebasis of a singlespecimen to showcon- CerroBaul, gave evidence which they regarded as adequate described specificityofP. matgdaiand P. brachycephala.Taylor (1949:20) on thebasis thelatter from eastern Oaxaca and separated it frommwtudvi of sevencharacters:

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P. m$dvi P. brachycephdlv 1. InnertarsaI fold forming free 1. Innertarsal fold not forming flexiblefringe or flap. freefringe or flap. 2. Tubercularflaps bordering 2. No tubercularpostanal flaps. postanalgroove. 3. Snoutheight less than Iength. 3. Snoutheight a littlemore thanlength. 4. Canthusangular. 4. Canthusrounded. 5. Skinof dorsumstrongly 5. Skinof dorsumsmooth. pustular. 6. Areasabout nostrils swollen. 6. Areaabout nostrils not or but slightlyswollen. 7. Depressionbetween nostrils. 7. No distinctdepression betweennostrils. Bumzahemand Smith (1954:63) addedsix more: 8-9. Markingsof bellyand under 8-9. Marksof belly and under limbsgrey. limbsstrongly pigmented, lightmarks under shanks. 10. Chinwith grey or speckled 10. Markingsof chinblackish. brownmarkings. 11. Markingsof throatgray- 11. Markingsof throat dark black. white. 12. Dorsumbrown-grey in 12. Dorsumdark-gray or brown- alcohol. grayin alcohol. 13. Tympaniusually concealed. 13. Tympaniconcealed. Theyalso reversed one of Taylor'scharacters (the inner tarsal fold), as givenin bothkey to and summaryof thespecies of Plectrobyla(loc. cit.). Taylor'sstatements in both places were apparently lapses, for in thedescription ofthe holotype of P. brachycephGahe states (op. cit.:18) ". . . a strongelevated tarsal fold extending four-fifths of trasus; . . ." Specimensof bothnominate species all overthe combined range have a welldeveloped tarsal fold. Thirty^fivespecimens, data for which are now available to us,were scoredfor each of the13 characteristicsoutlined above (with the tarsal foldcharacter as given by Bumzahem and Smith). In addition,the holo- typeswere scored on thebases of publisheddescriptions (Hartweg, 1941, andTaylor, 1949). Specimensexogwined. (35). MEXICO, Oaxaca: Cerro Baul, 33835,40787; Sierraabove Zanatepec, 52960, 56193-98, 56829; Chi-

This content downloaded from 66.194.72.152 on Thu, 18 Jul 2013 19:21:51 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 64 TranctionsKansvs AcJdemy of Science apvs:Cerro Ovando, 30673; CerroTres Picos,6,000 feet,37410; El Rastrojo,Tonala, 4,000 feet,37411; Regionde Soconusco,33825-30, 33832;Union Juarez, Volcan Tacana 55338-39, 55531-34. GUATE- MALA,Sgchitepequez: Finca E1 Naranjo, 46200-202, 4620S209. In Table 2 eachspecimen is scoredtor thenumber of dlaracters typicalof brachycephala(B), of matudvi(M), or thatare intermediate

Table2. Variationof distingliishingfeatures in 37 specimensof thenominal speciesPlectrohyla brachycephala and P. matudai.

13 Characters 7 Characters MuseumNumber B Int. M B Int. M AMNH 53761(Type) 13 7 UIMNH 33835 7 2 4 4 1 2 40787 8 5 3 4 52960 3 2 8 2 5 56193 3 1 9 1 6 56194 6 1 6 2 5 56195 7 6 5 2 56196 5 2 6 3 1 3 56197 3 1 9 1 1 S 56198 8 1 4 4 1 2 Oaxaca 56829 3 2 8 2 5 Chiapas 37410 4 9 1 6 37411 2 3 8 1 6 30673 3 2 8 7 33825 2 1 10 1 1 5 33826 1 1 11 1 1 5 33827 1 12 1 6 33828 2 11 2 5 33829 13 7 33830 3 -- 10 2 5 33832 3 10 1 6 UMMZ 88863(Type) 2 10* 7* UIMNH 55338 13 7 55339 9 4 3 4 55531 6 2 5 1 1 5 55532 1 1 11 7 55533 2 2 9 1 6 55534 4 1 8 7 Guat. 46200 3 1 9 1 6 46201 4 1 8 1 1 5 46202 7 2 4 5 1 1 46204 5 1 7 1 1 5 46205 5 2 6 1 1 5 46206 5 2 6 1 1 5 46207 2 2 9 2 5 46208 4 - 9 -- -- 7 - 46209 - 3 2 8 2 S * Snou$ height not determinable.

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(int.). Fromexamination of this table it is evidentthat certain of these characteristicsareof littlevalue; among these are snout height (all speci- menshave a snoutheight equal to or slightlygreater than the length); anddistinctness of tympani (in dehydratedspecimens the tympani show throughthe skin, and in nearlyall specimensat leastthe lower edge is visible). Separationof ventralpatern into 4 charactersis not justified as all arecorrelated nearly completely; seemingly but one geneticcharacter reallyis involved.For this reason we havealso includeda columnfor theseven characters used by Taylor. Someof theseven features used by Taylor are also of littleuse judg- ing fromour 35 specimensand thetype descriptions. Canthal shape, nostrilswelling and internasaldepression vary irregularly throughout therange of matudvi. The distinctnessof the holotype of bachycephalvcannot be denied butthe paratypes show variation in criticalfeatures. Three are more or lesstypical of matgdvi(lAde description). From Taylor's data on varia- tion,the three paratypes could be scoredas follows:paratype 1 2B, 5M; paratype2 2B, 5M; paratype3 1B, 6M. Someof the "M"'s may representintermediates as Taylor does state (p. 18) ''. . . thebacks dis- playingvarying shades of brownish-graywith some darker clouding." In summary,there sems no othercourse than to placePlectroDylv brachycephalaTaylor, 1949, in the synonymyof Plectrobylamatudai Hartweg,1941. Recognitionas subspeciescannot be acceptedat this time. Bumzahemand Smith's(loc. cit.) "intergrade"is more like the holotypeof brachycephalathan any other from this area (4B, 1 int.2M), butthere is now no reasonto assumethat this reflects anything but variability.The onlycircumstance we can conceivethat would justify recognitionof a subspeciesbrachycephalv is discovery of a moresouth- westernpopulation in Oaxacathat is preponderantlylikethe holotype of brachycephala,leaving the easternOaxaca-western Chiapas populations as intergrades.However, frogs of the Hylv bistincta-groupserve as ecologicalreplacements west of theIsthmus of Tehuantepec.

Ptychohylaeuthysanota (Kellogg) One specimen(56191) was takenat Zanatepec,Oaxaca, Sept. g 12. Duellman(1963:315) usedthe trinomial for this and the following speciesbut the evidence available (see below)indicates that these two are notconspecific. The recordfor this species at Zanatepecis notsurprising sinceDuellman (1963:320) has recordedit fromnearby localities of CerroPecho Blanco, Rio Grandeand SantoTomas "Tecpan" ( S.T. Teipan),Oaxaca.

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Ptychohylamacrotympanum (Tanner) A singlespecimen (56192) was takenSept. 6-12 at Zanatepec, Oaxaca. Its sympatricoccurrence with P. euthysanotvvirtually precludes thepossibility that they are races as surmisedby Duellman (1963), who combinedthe two on thebases of allopatry,similarity in call,structure of adultsand tadpole morphology. In spiteof thesesimilarities, the two taxaappear to represent distinct species. The Oaxaca specimen represents a staterecord and a 95 milerange extension for the species.

Ptychohylaschmidtorum chamulae Duellman Thisrecently described form has beenknown only from the type- locality,Rayon Mescalapa, Chiapas, on the Atlanticslopes of Mexico. Its occurrenceon Pacificslopes of Oaxacais thereforeof interest:four specimens(56187-90) are f rom near Zanatepec. Duellman (1963: 337) predictedthe occurrence ofP. schmidtorumin theSierra de Cuchumatanes in (northern slopes) but did not comment on itspossible west- wardor southernextension. The specimensagree well with the original description(Duellman, 1961:354-357) of thespecies as well as with his redescription(1963), andrepresent a 125 milerange extension and staterecord for Oaxaca. Theydo notdiffer from an individualfrom 20 mi.N Jitotol,Chiapas, Mexico (57002) .

Anoliscuprinus Smith This species,described from a singlespecimen from Zanatepec, Oaxaca(Smith, 1964:31) is representedbya fineseries of 26 adultsand juvenilesfrom the samelocality (53139-47, 56161, 56171, 56173A, 56176-7,56807-17). Theyagree with the holotype, UIMNH 52959, an all featuresbut reach a largersize (57.5 mms-v-male, 55 mms-v- female),than might be expectedsince the members of thegroup were thoughtto be ofsmall size. Onefeature not noted in the original descrip- tionis thatthe species characteristically hasvery heavily keeled head scales.

Adelphicosveraepacis latifasciatus subsp. nov. Holotype. UIMNH 56147, SierraMadre northof Zanatepec, Oaxaca,Mexico, Sept. S12, 1963,Thomas MacDougall collector. Diagnosis. A raceof Adelphicos vervepacis separable from the other racesin havinga highcaudal scale count (46), immaculatechin and venter,a darkmedian subcaudal stripe, a darkdorsal ground color, a singlemidorsal dark stripe one andtwo half-scale rows wide, and in the diffusionof darkdorsal color into light ventral color on sideof head and bodyanterad.

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Descriptionof holotype.(see Fig. 3c) Adultmale; 125 ventrals;46 sub- caudals;supralabials 7-7, 3rd and 4th entering orbit, infralabials 7-7, 2nd and 3rd about2/3 as broadas long;2 postocularson eachside; no preocular;scale rows 15-15-15;anal divided; total length 333 mm.;tail 68 mm. Venterand chincream, immaculate; a median zigzag subcaudal dark stripe; generaltone of dorsum dark; three darker brown stripes on body;lateral stripes on partsof scalerows 2 and4, all of 3; medianstripe 2 scalerows wide, occupying

Figure3. (a) Lateralview of holotypeof Hyladuellmani sp. nov.; (b) Tropidodipsas fischeriBoulenger, UI 56143, 367 mm.snout-vent.; (c) holotypeof Adelphicosveraepacis latifasciatussubsp. nov. (UI 56147). The finetransverse black lines are string(not pigment).

This content downloaded from 66.194.72.152 on Thu, 18 Jul 2013 19:21:51 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Transactions 68 Kanax Academyof Science one andtwo half-scale rows; areas between stripes rich scalesin row2 reddishbrown; edges of darkened;centers as wellas all of scalerow 1 linedividing light and coloredlike belly; darkareas on sideof headand anteriorportion of neck vague,dark diffusing into light ventral color; dorsal brown. surfaceof headrich reddish Relationxhips. Thenominate race of Hdelphirox veraepacis inGuate- malaapproaches latzfasciatvsin the high caudal count (40-42) buthas profusely pigmentedventral surfaces (Smith, 1942:181-2). In contrast, nigrilatgsof Chiapas,Mexico (Smith, 1942:182-3), has an immaculate bellyand few (31-37) caudals. A. a. zigrilatz/also usuallylacks the mediandorsal stripealthough in an extraordinarilyvariable series from westernChiapas a singleindividual (6253) has a stripesimilar to that oflafifXaiata In thisseries of 9 specimens,coIlected at RanchoNuevo (6252) and 13 mi.E of Las Rosas,Chiapas (6253-6260), in additionto thevariant mentionedabove, onespecimen has a verynarrow broken median stripe and verynarrow paravertebralstripes. Another has a veryweak median stripe andmore prominentparavertebral stripes with occasional breaks. Another hasno median stripebut dashed paravertebral stripes and three have no stripesother than thelateral stripes. All butone specimen have a pale yellowish-orange groundcolor; that exception was preparing to shedbut itclosely resembles in generaldark dorsal tone the holotype of latifciatv; itis also theone withthe dark middorsal stripe (6253). All butone havean immaculate chinand venter; in theexception (G252) theventer hasa rowof medialblack flecks on manyof theventral scutes and there are2 spotson the chin. The colorof thetail also varies. Dorsallyit maybe nearly blackor with3 welldefined lines; the subcaudal stripe is wellmarked in all but2 specimensin oneof whichit is evidencedby a seriesof small flecks(6257), whereas in theother (6259) it is lacking completely.The ventralsare 118-125in thesix males,123-137 in the threefemales; the caudalsare 28-32 in theSve maIes, 18-23 in thethree females. This seriesof 9 specimensfrom western Chiapas couId be guished distin- taxonomicallyfrom nigrilaf of easternChiapas on thebasis of caudalcounts, sinceonly 2 of 8 westernspecimens with a completetail fallwithin the rangeof variationof easbernspecimens a separationof 75per cent from 100per cent. We expect,however, that a largersample willlargely blanketthe hiatus now evident. There is a modaldifference alsoin patterns, westernspecimens usually having dorsolateral or mid- dorsaldark lines welldeveloped, eastern ones showing faint or no evidence ofthem. We suspecta clinalgradation in patternoccurs from one geo- graphicextreme to theother.

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The occurrenceof a singlespecimen from western Chiapas with a dorsaltone and middorsal stripe like that of theholotype of IdtifdICidt#S is theprimary reason for assigning the latter subspecific status, for the east- westtrend in caudalcounts of nigrilwtvsis toward reduction whereas the typeof latifsciatussharply reverses that trend, exceeding even v. 1verae- p4Ci5, whichhas the highest counts previously recorded for the species. At presentthe taxonomic rank although,we think,not the taxo- nomicvalidity-of latifasciatus remains in doubt. Sinceit occursin physiographiccontinuity with nigrilat an overlapof rangeof thetwo forms,or intergradation,should be demonstratedbyfuture field work. In addition,the taxonomic distinction of nigrilatvs of westernChiapas from thatof eastern Chiapas remains to be determined.

Coniophanesfissidens punctigularis Cope Threespecimens (56139, 56832-3) fromabove Zanatepec, Oaxaca, conformwith the characters of thisrace in thenortheastern edge of its rangeas describedby Smithand Williams(1963:23), who notethat in colorthe specimens are like C. f. dispersusand C. f. proteropswhereas all have21 scalerows, typical of therace C. f. pnctigzzlaris.

Dryadophismelanolomus dorsalis Bocourt A singlejuvenile (56831), 377 mm.total length, is fromthe Sierra Madre,5,000', above Zanatepec. On theanterior quarter of thebody arenarrow light transverse bands, the anterior ones one scale-length wide, but posteriorlybecoming progressively narrower until they are indis- tinguishable.The crossbands,11-12 in numberand 3-3.5 scale-lengths apart,extend completely across the back from one end of theventrals to theother; all exceptthe anterior few are narrowlyinterrupted on each sideat thejunction of the2nd and 3rd scale rows. The posteriorthree- quartersof thebody and all thetail are uniform slate above. Thispuzzling specimen raises new questions relative to thestatus of theChiapas populations that have been referred with question by Stuart (1941:95) to D. m. selvirli, bySmith (1943:419) to D. m. stvarti,and laterby Stuart (1963:95) to D. m. tehuwzae.In effectStuart in 1963 acceptsas validthe distinction of D. m. slevinisensu stricto (from the TresMarias Islands) from mainland populations we referredto slevini in 1941,but he rejectsSmith's further distinction (1943:418-421) of D. m. tehuanae(Pacific Isthmus of Tehuantepec)from D. m. stuarti (Nayaritto Oaxaca,southeastern Chiapas), thereby, in effect,granting prioritytotehuanae over the simultaneously published stvarti. We hereby explicitlyaccept that selection of relativepriority of tehvanveover stvarti, althoughwe are notnow convinced of consubspeciScityof the Isthmus

This content downloaded from 66.194.72.152 on Thu, 18 Jul 2013 19:21:51 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 70 TransactionsKansas AcSemy of Science and morenorthwestern populations. On thatpoint further data are required,but that the trans-Isthmus populations of D. melanolomvsrep- resentneither tehuanae nor stuarti (whether they are acceptablydistin- guishableor not) is stronglysuggested by the specimen from 2;anatepec. It is not now conclusivethat the southernChiapas, southeastern Oaxacaand southwesternGuatemalan populations are all taxonomically thesame, but Stuart (1963:95) evidentlythinks they are, and ourown surmiseis thesame. Assumingthat they are, the Zanatepec specimen stronglyindicates they are distinctlydifferent from the Nayarit-Oaxaca populations,for the latter has a juvenilepattern of dorsalblotches alter- natingwith lateral ones much like alternatux (Stuart, 194l:pl. 1, Sg. 5), althoughthe light interspaces are much narrower than depicted in vIter- natvx,whereas the Zanatepec juvenile has lightcrossbands traversing the entiredorsum, just as shownby Stuart (1941:pl 1, fig.6) fordorsalis. Apparentlynoother juveniles have been recorded of the Oaxaca-Guatemala population,and thereforeits allocationto dorlis needsconfirmation. However,the only differences between dorlix andstuarti (assuming the validityof tehuolaeas distinctfrom st?zarti, see Smithand Taylor's key, 1945:52) involvepattern; their scutellation appears to be identical. Adultsfrom this geographic area appear to be stripeless,whereas specimens fromsoutheastern Guatemala to Nicaraguabear a middorsaland lateral darkstripe. Stuart(1963 :95) impliesthat southwestern Guatemalan specimenslack the stripes by allocating them to "tehganae," butspecimens in theUIMNH collectionfrom that area (46131-5, 46121, all juveniles or half-grown,fr-om Finca El Naranjo,W slopeVolcan Santa Clara, Suchitepequez)have the deISnite dorlix juvenilepattern although the rearparts of the body in the largest specimens (640-723 mm. total length) showno evidenceof darkstripes. Small specimens from El Naranjo havecrossbands on all thebody, howevet, in specimensas long (totaI length)as 540 mm. The Zanatepecspecimen is thereforeintermediate inpattern at least in itsextent between Guatemala dorsalis and Oaxacan stuarti. On thesegrounds we regardthe conspeciScity of dorlis andmelan- olomusand the allocationof southeasternOaxaca-Guatemalan popula- tionsof Dryadophis to D. m.dorsalis, as reasonablysecure. It remainsto be determinedwhether, thus interpreted, dorsalix itself may consist in realityof twosubspecies. Tantillitabrevissima (Taylor) A singlefemale (56843) was takenat 4,500'on theSierra Madre northof Zanatepec.Total length 159 mm.,tail 26 mm.;ventrals 126; caudals29; uniformbrownish above, light below; a nafrow,poorly

This content downloaded from 66.194.72.152 on Thu, 18 Jul 2013 19:21:51 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Amphibiansand Reptilesfrom Oncaca, Mexico. 11 71 defined,laterally interrupted nuchal collar in exactlythe position of the occipitalbar described by Taylor (1937:344-5); lightmarkings on head presentbut dim, essentially the same as in theholotype (25075), with whichit hasbeen compared. Thespecies has been known heretofore only from the types (2) and the type-locality(Tonala, Chiapas). The presentrecord extends the knownrange westward about 55 miles. Tropidodipsasfischeri Boulenger Fourspecimens (Fig. 3), all females,(56143-45, 56818) were collectedby T. MacDougallin the SierraMadre above Zanatepec, in Augustand September,1963, at ca. 5,000'. This species,heretofore recordedonly from Guatemala, can now be recordedfrom Mexico in the stateof Oaxaca. In addition,we haveexamined one specimen (40835) from"above Finca Custepec," Chiapas, 6,000', collected Nov. 17, 1956, byMr. ThomasMacDougall. Despite the hiatus separating the known localities,the Mexican specimens agree with those from Guatemala. In theMexican specimens the scale rows are 17-17-17;ventral scales 175- 180; caudals58-61; suplralabials6-6(3) or 7-7(2); infralabials6(3) or 7(7); plreocularabsent, the loreal in contactwith eye; postoculars 2-2; temporals1-2; 30A8 darkbody bands, 11-19 similar tail bands; venter usuallyspotted with black. Stuart(1951 :65) has summarizedvariation in Guatemalanspeci- mens. Unfortunatelyhis later key (Stuart,1963:123) does not agree withthose data; most specimens would emerge as kidderi. Stuart( 1942:178) arrangedGuatemalan Tropidodipsas in two species-groups.The Tropidodipsassvrtori group has a shorter,broader head,a frontalscale broader than long, typically 5 infralabials in contact withthe anterior chinshields and a cylindricalbody. The Tropidodipsr fasciatagrolup has a frontalscale longer than broad, a longer,narrower head,typically 4 infralabials in contactwith the anterior chinshields and a compressedbody. As indicatedin Smithand Taylor (1945:150, couplet 4), otherdistinctions are the small eye (diameter about equal to itsdis- tancefrom lip) and shorterposterior chinshields (1/4 or less lengthof anteriorchinshields) in thesartori group, the larger eye (diameter nearly twicedistance from lip, or greater)and longer posterior chinshields (no lessthan nearly half as longas anteriorchinshields) in thefasciata group. Thelatter groups contains the nominate forms T. fasciata,T. ggerreroensis, r. subannullata,T. fJcheri and T. kidderi,all ofwhich have 17 scalerows throughoutthe body. Tropidodipsaskidderi Stuart (1942) of AltaVerapat, Guatemala, wasregarded as a closerelative of T. l#scheri,from which it was distin-

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guishedby its "totally different" and "simplified"pattern. Three speci- mensof thesame taxon from Chiapas were referred (Alvarez del Toro andSmith, 1956:14-16; Smith and Alvarez del Toro,1962:10S106) to T. fciata sgha^nglata(Muller), a namebased upon a specimenfrom "Mexico"and synonymizedwith faxciata by Smithand Taylor(1945: 150). Stuart'ssynopsis of Guatemalanforms (1963:123) nowmakes apparentthe common identity ofthe nominal taxa bannglata and kidderi. Therange as nowunderstood extends from Alta Verapaz to southwestern Chiapasand presumablysoutheastern Oaxaca, on upperelevations on Atlanticslopes. It is nota Pacificslope race, as statedby Alvarezdel Toroarld Smith (1956:15). We haveexamined three specimens (38042, 51005-6),all fromthe vicinity of TuxtlaGutierrez, Chiapas. The only otherspecimens of thetaxon, aside from the types, known to us are in theParis Museum, two from "Tehuantepec" and one from"Mexico." The illustrationof one specimen(Mocquard, 1908:pl. 70, Eg. 3) is an excellentportrayal of sgbannglata,not fasciata as Alvarezdel Toroand Smith(1956:16) concluded,and as Mocquardcalled them. We agree thatthe "Tehuantepec" specimens may actually be fromSanta Efigenia or Cacoprieto.The numberof bandson bodyand tailis 31-32,which agreeswith counts for sghannglata, Alvarez del Toroand Smith(1956: 16) erroneouslyassumed that these counts pertained only to thebody whichwould indeedextend the rangeof variationinacceptably for subannglatv.The presentinterpretation of sgbanvulatvs requires rejec- tionof Smithand Taylor's restriction (1950:352) of itstype locality to ChichenItza, Yucatan. We are reluctantto suggesta substituteat the presenttime. Therelationships ofsgbannglata are, we agree (Alvarez del Toro and Smith,195 6: 16 ), withggerreroensis, which has basically the same pattern as sghannglataexcept that the light crossbands have become narrowed and irregularlybroken and staggered.Numerous specimens do possess, however,on at leastthe anterior part of body,the regularity and type of crossbandingcharacteristic of bannglta. The singlespecimen now availableto us (52958), from1 mi.SE Cacahuatepec,Oaxaca (Holman, 1964:49) has continuouslight crossbands on theanterior part of body, of thesame size and spacingas in sgbannglata;posteriorly the bands becomenarrow, interrupted and staggered. Lacking differences in scutel- lation,we concludethat at presentsgbannglata and ggerreroensis arebest regardedas representingdifferent subspecies of one species,as indeed Alvarezdel Toroand Smith (1956: 16) concluded.Its rangetherefore, as nowunderstood, extends from perhaps along Pacific slopes to theIsthmus of Tehuantepec,where the range presumably meets or is but narrowlyseparated from that of sghanvglata.

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The Mixtequillaspecimen referred originally by Smith ( 1943:372- 3) toT. gGerreoenSiS, andlater by Alvarez del Toro and Smith (1956:16) to T. f. fascidta, we nowreturn to gGerreroenSiC. Both of thesesubspecies appear to be relatedto Tropidodipsvs fciata, as indicatedby reference to Guther's excellent illustration (1894: pl. 50,fig. B) of thetype. The pattern is muchthe same on theanterior partof the bodyin all threetaxa-bannglatvx, ggerreroenxis and fasciatabut in thelatter subspecies the bands become more numerous posteriorly;itlikewise has fewer ventrals (171-180 in thespecimens now reported,vs. 184-201in reportedguerreroensis). The basicsimilarity in patternof all theseallopatric taxa justifiesassumption of their conspeciScity.

Tropididopsasfxcheri, in contrastto fasciatv, has darkcrossbands on a lightbackground, with the crucial distinctions (in pattern)lying in therelatively short dorsal extent of thedark bands, even on neck(4-6 vs. 12-16scale lengths), and the narrowness (narrower than light inter- spaces,vs. muchbroader than interspaces) on thesides of bodynear the ventrals.The dorsalsare heavily keeled in ficheri,moderately or weakly keeledin faxciata.Our conclusionis thatfxcheri is notsubspecifically relatedto fciatv, and that,contrary to Stuart'ssuggestion of 1942, kidderi(i.e. subannglat)cannot be regardedas a derivateof fisaheri. Keyto MexicanTaxa on thefsciatv Groupof Tropidodipsas 1. Lightinterspaces between dark crossbands wider than crossbands on lowermostscale row; scalesheavily keeled; dark crossbands 2549 on body 15scheri Lightinterspaces between dark crossbands narower than crossbands on lowermostscale rows on all partsof body, much narrower anter- iorly;scales weakly or moderatelykeeled fasciata 2 2. Ventralsfewer, 171 to 180; darkcrossbands considerably shorter on posteriorthan on anteriorpart of body,21-27 on body f. fasriata Ventralsmore numerous, 184-201; dark crossbands not described 3 3. Patternstrongly disrupted posteriorly, light crossbars narrow, broken and staggered e guerreroensis Patternnot disrupted;light crossbars usually intact, 16-23 light crossbarson body f subdUnulata

Micrurusnuchalis nuchalis Schmidt A singlespecimen (S6835) wastaken in theSierra Madre north of Zanatepec.This subspecieshas beenreported previously from only a singleknown locality, Tapanatepec, Oaxaca, the type-locality.Several

This content downloaded from 66.194.72.152 on Thu, 18 Jul 2013 19:21:51 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 74 TransactionsKansvs Academy of Science specimenswere reported by earlierauthors under other names from dubiouslocalities. The iLanatepecrecord represents an extensionof only 15 miles.

Bothropsnigroviridis aurifer (Salvin) Two specimens(55096, 56121) are fromthe Sierra Madre above Zanatepec.In ourprevious paper (Lynch and Smith, 1965 b) we included thisform only in a listof localities.The speciesis recordedin Mexico onlyfrom Chiapas (near Comitan) and its discoveryin Oaxacais of specialinterest since all otherlocalities of recordare on the Atlantic drainage.These specimens represent a 150 milerange extension and recordthe species from the Pacific drainage. Anotherspecimen of thespecies (27845) is also of distributional significance,having been taken at thefoot of theSierra Madre, 5-10 km. E La Gloria,Oaxaca, June 11, 1950. Thisspecimen is alsoof interestin having21 scalerows, whereas both of theZanatepec specimens (as well as all othersrecorded of thisspecies) have 19.

LiteratureCited ALVAREYDE L TORO, M. and H . M. SMITH. 19 56. Notulaeherpetologicae Chia- pasiae I. Herpetologica,12:3-l7. BU8ZAHEM, C. B. and H. M. SMITH. 1954. Additionalrecords and descriptions of Mexicanfrogs of thegenus Plertrobyl. Herpetologica, 1o:6l-66. DUELLMAN, W. E. 1961. Descriptionsof two new speciesof frogs,genus Ptychobyla.Studies on Americanhylid frogs, V. Univ.Kansas Publs., Mus. Nat. Hist., 13:349-57. . 1963. A reviewof the Middle Americantree frogs of the genus PtychoPyla.I bid ., 15:297-349. 1965. Frogsof theHyla taeniopus-group. Copeia, 1965:159-68. GUNTHER, A. 1894. ( 1885-1902) Biologia Centrali-Americana,Reptilia and Batrachia,326 pp. HARrWEG,N. 1941. Notes on the genusPlectroPyla with descriptions of new species. Occas.Pap. Mus. Zool., Univ.Michigan, (437):1-10. HOLMAN, J. ALAN. 1964. New and interestingamphibians and reptilesfrom Guerreroand Oaxaca, Mexico. Herpetologica,20:48-54. LYNCH,J. D. and H. M. SMITH. 1965a. A newspecies of Xenosaurus(Reptilia: Xenosauridae) from the Isthmusof Tehuantepec,Mexico. Trans. KansasAcad. Sci.,68:163-72. . 1965b. New or unusual amphibiansand reptilesfrom Oaxaca, Mexico.I. Herpetologica,21:l68-77. MOCQUARDF. 1908. lGitudessur les ReptilesMission scientifique au Mexiqueet dansl' AmeriqueCentrale . . . Rechercheszoologiques. 3rdpt., 1st sect. Livr.16:861-932 pl. 69-74. SMITH, H. M. 1942. A reviewof the snakegenus Adelphiros. Proc. Rochester Acad.Sci., 8:175-95. 1943a. Summaryof thecollections of snakesand crocodiliansmade in Mexico underthe Walter RathboneTraveling Scholarship. Proc. U.S. Nat'l Mus., 93:393-504.

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1943b. A new snakeof thegenus Tropidodipsots from Hexico. J. WashingtonAcad. Sci., 33:371-73. 1964. A newAnolis from Oaxaca, Mexico. Herpetologica, 20:31-33. , and M. ALVAREZDEL TORO. 1962. Notulacherpetologicae Chia- pasiae III. lbid., 18:101-107. and E. H. TAYLOR. 1945. An annotatedchecklist and keyto the snakesof Mexico. Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus., (187):l-229. and E. H. TAYLOR.1950. Type-localitiesof Mexicanamphibians and .Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33:313-80. and K. L. WILLIAMS.1963. New and noteworthyamphibians and reptilesfrom southern Mexico. Herpetologica,19:22-27. STUART,L. C. 1941. Studiesof neotropicalColubrinae VIII. A revisionof the genusDryadophis Stuart, 1939. Misc. Publs.Mus. Zool., Univ.Michi- gan, 49:1-106. 1942. A new Tropidodipsas(Ophidia) fromAlta Verapaz,Guat- emala. Proc.Biol. Soc. Washington,55:177-79. . 1951. The herpetofaunaof the GuatemalanPlateau, with special referenceto its distributionon thesouthwestern highlands. Contr. Lab. Vert.Biol., Univ. Michigan, 49:1-71. 1963. A checklistof theherpetofauna of Guatemala.Misc. Publs. Mus. Zool., Univ.Michigan, 122:1-150. TAYLOR,E. H. 1937. Notes and commentson certainAmerican and Mexican snakesof the genusTantilla, with descriptions of new species. Trans. KansasAcad. Sci., 39:33548. 1949. New or unusualMexican amphibians. Amer. Mus. Novit- ates, ( 1937 ) :1-21. Departmenof Zoologyand Musexmof Natural History,University of Illinois,Urbotno-.

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