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Social, Educational, Political, Economic and Other Developments Occurred in Turkey Between the Years of 1938-1980

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Social, Educational, Political, Economic and Other Developments Occurred in Turkey Between the Years of 1938-1980 SOCIAL, EDUCATIONAL, POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND OTHER DEVELOPMENTS OCCURRED IN TURKEY BETWEEN THE YEARS OF 1938-1980 EDITORS ASSOC. PROF. DR. ÖZKAN AKMAN ASSIST. PROF. DR. MUSTAFA MURAT CAY ASSIST. PROF. DR. FATIH BOZBAYINDIR ASSIST. PROF. DR. ERHAN TUNÇ 2019 Social, Educational, Political, Economic and Other Developments Occurred in Turkey between the Years of 1938-1980 Editors Assoc. Prof. Dr. Özkan AKMAN Assist. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Murat ÇAY Assist. Prof. Dr. Fatih BOZBAYINDIR Assist. Prof. Dr. Erhan TUNÇ Layout Davut Alan Cover Design Fatma Asena Ekmekciler This book was typeset in 10/12 pt. Calibri, Italic, Bold and Bold Italic. Copyright © 2019 by ISRES Publishing All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microfilm, retrieval system, or any other means, without prior written permission of the publisher. Social, Educational, Political, Economic and Other Developments Occurred in Turkey between the Years of 1938 -1980 Published by ISRES Publishing, International Society for Research in Education and Science (ISRES). Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-605-69854-1-6 Date of Issue December, 2019 E-mail [email protected] www.isres.org PROEM 1938 indicate a very important time for Turkey and the world. With the death of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the Republic, a new era began for the young republic. In the History of the Republic “National Chief Period” This process will be called embodiment, it comprises a period in which hardening of the debate on democracy in domestic policy, in foreign policy in a world where the war winds blowing has great importance in determining the fate of Turkey. Turkey, in an environment where democracy and hardens inside the single-party regime with a vengeance debate, has survived a major problem by not including war Watching extremely consistent way in foreign policy. In Turkey managed to stay out of the war it was no longer important to accelerate the placement of democracy and development work. not for a moment before multiparty welcome to one-party rule in the eyes of the developed countries and Turkey to be alone in this conjuncture, it is known that he decided to take his life. Republic of Turkey, the new forces that occur in the world during this period has been forced to make a choice in order to determine its place in the balance. As a result of this preference, it has made its side clear by turning to the democratic forces of Europe - meanwhile to the USA. Republic of Turkey since 1946, with the transition to multi- party life has now entered a new era. During the DP government, II. The principles of foreign policy determined during World War II were adhered to. After all these years the Republic of Turkey fully drawn a policy towards the West, it is understood by taking an active role in the alliance formed by the West. For this reason, especially the 1950s, Turkey has just experienced a big change in every field and represents the period of time that extends until today, the effects of these changes. The expansion of the social base of politics from the 1950s onwards has been the precursor and determinant of events to be experienced in the following years. The most concrete results are the developments that took place between the first coup of the History of the Republic, the coup of 27 May 1960 and another coup movement of 12 March 1971 Military Memorandum. In almost all events in domestic politics in the following years, the expansion of politics towards this base has effects. It is possible to understand them from both student and worker events. Turkey on the one hand economic, cultural, social strides towards efforts to maintain stability while continuing to perform and precision, on the other hand have to deal with internal issues. Crises in politics have been reflected to the grassroots and sad and serious events have been seen up to street conflicts among different segments of society. In spite of all these, the Republic has struggled to survive in a way. At a time when politics was completely blocked, the 12 September 1980 military coup took place in an unacceptable way in democracies. In this study, the years 1938-1980, which expresses the process of major transformations in the history of the Republic; discussed in a broad perspective; political, economic, social and cultural aspects. The process mentioned in the authors’ meticulous work has been studied in an original way. Editors Assoc. Prof. Dr. Özkan AKMAN Assist. Prof. Dr. M. Murat ÇAY Assist. Prof. Dr. Fatih BOZBAYINDIR Assist. Prof. Dr. Erhan TUNÇ IV PART 1: Establishment of People’s Rooms During the Period of the Republican People’s 1 - 12 Party in Turkey and Working Principles of Turkish Literacy Courses Prof. Dr. Nuri YAVUZ, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Özkan AKMAN, Dr. Abdullah KARA PART 2: Retrogressıon of the Turkısh-Greek Relationship the Issue of Cyprus and 13 - 32 Related Developments (1950-1960): Assist. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Murat ÇAY PART 3: Development and Spatial Distribution of Industry in Turkey Between the Years 33 - 59 1950-1980 Prof. Dr. Mehmet Emin SÖNMEZ, Assist. Prof. Dr. Uğurcan AYİK PART 4: Developments in the Field of Mathematics and Mathematics Education in 60 - 70 Turkey During the Period of 1938-1980 Prof. Dr. Ali BOZKURT, Assist. Prof. Dr. Emrah Berkant PATOGLU PART 5: Developments in the Geography Area 71 - 80 Prof. Dr. Ali MEYDAN, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Özkan AKMAN PART 6: The Change and Development Process in Turkish Sports With The Law No 81 - 86 3530 (1938-1986) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Uğur ABAKAY, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Fikret ALINCAK PART 7: Parties Established in Turkey After 1960 and Their Actors 87 - 113 Assist. Prof. Dr. Mehmet BİÇİCİ PART 8: Geographical Dynamics of the 1950-1980 Period in Turkey 114 - 128 Urbanization Assist. Prof. Dr. Ömer ŞEN PART 9: Foundation of the Terrorist Organızation Revolutionary People's Party- 129 - 147 Front (Dhkp-C) and Its Destructive Activities Assist. Prof. Dr. Sefa Salih AYDEMIR PART 10: Teacher Training Policies in Turkey Between 1938 and 1982 148 - 173 Assist. Prof. Dr. Fatih BOZBAYINDIR PART 11: An Outline of Turkish Foreign Policy During the Years of WWII 174 - 194 Assist. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Murat ÇAY PART 12: II.ND World War and Turkısh Economy 195 - 201 Dr. Levent YIKICI PART 13: Cyprus Issue and the Approach of European States in the Historical 202 - 212 Development of Turkish-Greek Relations Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kürşat KURTULGAN PART 14: The Establishment of Village Institutes and theır Educational Activitıes 213 - 221 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Özkan AKMAN, Prof. Dr. Ali MEYDAN PART 15: The Coup of 27 May 1960 222 - 233 Assist. Prof. Dr. Özlem Muraz BUDAK PART 16: Between the Years 1938-1980 Historical Development of Education 234 - 245 Guidance Services in Turkey Assist. Prof. Dr. Erhan TUNÇ, Master Student. Ayrahat HUDAYNAZAROVA PART 17: Developments in the Field of Science Educatıon in Turkey That Took Place Between 1938-1980 246 - 269 Assist. Prof. Dr. Sümeyye Aydin GÜRLER PART 18: Development of Social Studies in Turkey from 1938 to 1980 270 - 285 Assist. Prof. Dr. Selman ABLAK ESTABLISHMENT OF PEOPLE’S ROOMS DURING THE PERIOD OF THE REPUBLICAN PEOPLE’S PARTY IN TURKEY AND WORKING PRINCIPLES OF TURKISH LITERACY COURSES Prof. Dr. Nuri Yavuz Artvin University Assoc. Prof. Dr. Özkan Akman Gaziantep University Dr. Abdullah Kara Gaziantep University Introduction After the National War of Independence successfully ended, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk thought the actual battle should be against ignorance. At that time, the Turkish nation fell behind for years in science, culture, art, and other fields. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk observed that after the War of Independence was won, the first thing that should be done was to improve Turkish people and raise their awareness in every way. There was a need for an organization that would serve Turkish people in this respect. To meet this need, it was decided to establish People’s Houses. The purpose of the establishment of the People’s Houses is explained in the By-Law of People’s Houses issued by the Republican People’s Party (CHP) in 1932 as follows: “Although we must work in the field of education more than any nation, the formal and informal forces concentrating on the same objective in our country, whose material and spiritual means are unfortunately very inadequate, may reveal the value of the necessity of this situation. Now, it is our duty, more than any other nation, to dismantle the roots of the institutions that have gone down in history and penetrated the deepest layers of society, and to root the principles of the republic and revolution as sacred pillars of faith that dominate all souls and ideas. The principles of our party are Republicanism, nationalism, populism, statism, secularism, and revolutionism. For these basic and main principles to gain dominance and become eternal, educating citizens who embrace these principles, raising our national character to the level Turkish history inspired, promoting fine arts, and strengthening our national culture, and scientific movements and activities are designated and indicated as important means in our program. All these indications and means aim to train generations to take back the long years lost by the Turkish nation on the way to civilization through brave, venturous and tireless moves, and to re-establish the Turkish nation’s honor in the field of civilization with its natural virtues and abilities. People’s Houses aim to become gathering and unifying places for idealistic citizens who will work for this cause” (CHP Halkevleri Talimatnamesi, 1932:3). After the preparations were completed, on February 19, 1932, People’s Houses were officially established.
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