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World of the Common Soldier (Master List of Articles and Monographs)

John U. Rees 136 North Sugan Road, New Hope, Pa. 18938 Phone: (215) 862-2348 Email: [email protected]

Commander-in-Chief’s Guard, 1778

1 Jane Austen’s heroine Fanny Price sums up the historian’s quandary: “If any one faculty of our nature may be called more wonderful than the rest, I do think it is memory. There seems something more speakingly incomprehensible in the powers, the failures, the inequalities of memory, than in any other of our intelligences. The memory is sometimes so retentive, so serviceable, so obedient: at others again so bewildered, and so weak; and at others again, so tyrannic, so beyond control! We are, to be sure, a miracle in every way; but our powers of recollecting and of forgetting, do seem particularly past finding out.” (Jane Austen, “Mansfield Park,” Jane Austen: The Complete Novels (New York: Gramercy Books, 1981), 458.)

Subject Headings Book Reviews Campaign, Battle, Combat, and Operational Studies (1775-1783) Women Following the Army (1775-1783) Letters, Diaries, and Order Books African-American Soldiers (1775-1783) Military Musicians (1775-1783) Enlistment and Conscription (1775-1783) Miscellaneous Subjects (1775-1783) Miscellaneous Subjects (Not Related to the War for Independence) Family and Local History New Jersey Brigade (1775-1783) Regimental, Battalion, and other Unit Studies (1775-1783) Miscellaneous Military Material Culture (1775-1783) Tactics and Military Manuals Transportation (1775-1783) Soldiers' Shelter (1775-1783) Soldiers' Rations, Food Preparation and Cooking Utensils (1755-2000) Brother Jonathan’s Images Other Authors’ Monographs (By Topic) Posted on My Scribd Page (Note: Titles in reddish brown have duplicate entries under another category.)

John Rees has written over 140 articles and monographs since 1986 on various aspects of the common soldiers' experience, focusing primarily on the War for Independence. Current works and interests include soldiers’ food (1755 to the present day), Continental Army conscription (1777-1782), the organization and service of the late-war Pennsylvania battalions, and the common soldiers’ burden. John’s work has appeared in the ALHFAM Bulletin (Association of Living History, Farm, and Agricultural Museums), American Revolution (Magazine of the American Revolution Association), The Brigade Dispatch (Journal of the Brigade of the American Revolution), The Continental Soldier (Journal of the Continental Line), Gastronomica: The Journal of Food and Culture, Journal of the Johannes Schwalm Historical Association, Military Collector & Historian, Minerva: Quarterly Report on Women and the Military, Muzzleloader Magazine, On Point: The Newsletter of the Army Historical Foundation, Percussive Notes (Journal of the Percussive Arts Society), and Repast (Quarterly Publication of the Culinary Historians of Ann Arbor). He was a regular columnist for the quarterly newsletter Food History News for 15 years writing on soldiers' food, wrote four entries for the Oxford Encyclopedia of American Food and Drink, thirteen entries for the revised Thomson Gale edition of Boatner’s Encyclopedia of the American Revolution, contributed a chapter to Carol Karels’ The Revolutionary War in Bergen County (2007), and two chapters to Barbara Z. Marchant’s Revolutionary Bergen County, The Road to Independence (2009). Article list available online at http://tinyurl.com/jureesarticles . Selected Civil War monographs posted online at http://www.libertyrifles.org/research/ Additional monographs posted at http://tinyurl.com/jureesarticles

2 https://www.scribd.com/doc/236104178/World-of-the-Common-Soldier-Comprehensive-list-of- articles-and-monographs-by-John-U-Rees-updated-August-6-2014

Book Reviews http://www.scribd.com/doc/125414340/J-U-Rees-Article-List-Book-Reviews

Book Review: Joseph Lee Boyle, "`My last Shift Betwixt Us & death’: The Ephraim Blaine Letterbook, 1777-1778," The Brigade Dispatch, vol. XXIX, no. 1 (Winter 2001), 22. http://www.scribd.com/doc/124457540/Review-Ephraim-Blaine-Letterbook-New

Book Review: Frederick C. Gaede, “The Federal Civil War Shelter Tent,” Military Collector & Historian, vol. 54, no. 4 (Winter 2002-2003), 197. http://www.scribd.com/doc/124457304/Review-Shelter-Tent-New

Book Review: Thomas J. McGuire, “Battle of Paoli,” On Point: The Newsletter of the Army Historical Foundation, vol. 8, no. 3 (Fall 2002), 17. http://www.scribd.com/doc/124412310/Review-Rees-Paoli-Two-New

Book Review: Michael C. Scoggins, “The Day it Rained Militia: Huck’s Defeat and the Revolution in the South Carolina Backcountry, May–July 1780,” The Dispatch of the Company of Military Historians, Book Review Edition (December 2008). http://www.scribd.com/doc/124457424/Review-Huck-s-Defeat-New

Book Review: Agostino von Hassell, Herm Dillon, Leslie Jean-Bart, Military High Life: Elegant Food Histories and Recipes (New Orleans: University Press of the South, 2006), 162 pp., Illustrations. $34.95 (cloth), Gastronomica: The Journal of Food and Culture, vol. 7, no. 4 (Fall 2007), 106-107. http://www.scribd.com/doc/124454282/Review-Military-High-Life-Final-Three-New

Book Review: “`We Were Marching on Christmas Day’: History, Food, and Civilian and Soldiers’ Celebrations,” Food History News, vol. XIII, no. 2 (50), 2, 7. Review of Kevin Rawlings, We Were Marching on Christmas Day: A History and Chronicle of Christmas During the Civil War (Baltimore, Md.: Toomey Press, 1996). 170 pages, index, illustrations. $24.95. Toomey Press, P.O. Box 122, Linthicum, Md., 21090; phone, (410) 850-0831. (http://www.libertyrifles.org/research/christmasday.html) http://www.scribd.com/doc/124281893/Review-Hard-Marching-on-Christmas-Day

Dual Book Review: Andrew F. Smith, Starving the South: How the North Won the Civil War (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2011), 304 pp., $27.99 (paper), and William C. Davis, A Taste for War: The Culinary History of the Blue and the Gray (Mechanicsburg, Pa.: Stackpole Books, 2003), 233 pp., Illustrations. $26.95 (hardback), Gastronomica: The Journal of Food and Culture, vol. 12, no. 1 (Spring 2012), 103-105. http://www.scribd.com/doc/124410014/Reviews-Civil-War-Starving-the-South-and-a- Taste-for-War

3 Campaign, Battle, Combat, and Operational Studies http://www.scribd.com/doc/125414187/J-U-Rees-Article-List-Campaign-Battle-Combat- And-Operational-Studies-1775-1783

“`What is this you have been about to day?’: The New Jersey Brigade at the Battle of Monmouth,” http://revwar75.com/library/rees/monmouth/MonmouthToc.htm Narrative http://revwar75.com/library/rees/monmouth/Monmouth.htm#1 1. Introduction 2. "In readiness to march at a moment's warning ...": Pre-Battle Dispositions and Plans 3. "To get up with the enemy": Major General Charles Lee's Force Sets Off 4. "I found the whole of the troops upon my right retreating ...": Morning Confrontation at Monmouth Courthouse 5. "The day was so excessively hot ...": Lee’s Retreat 6. “They answered him with three cheers ...”: Washington Recovers the Day 7. “The Action was Exceedingly warm and well Maintained …”: Infantry Fighting at the Point of Woods, Hedge-row, and Parsonage 8. "The finest musick, I Ever heared.": Afternoon Artillery Duel, and Cilley’s Attack on the 42nd Regiment 9. “Detached to assist in burying the dead …”: Battle’s Aftermath 10. “The March has proved salutory to the troops.”: Post-Battle: The Continental Army Moves North 11.“A very irregular & ill managed Embarkation.”: Post-Battle British March to Sandy Hook 12. "The defective constitution of our army ...": Casting Blame for the Morning Debacle 13. Battle of Monmouth, June 28, 1778: Event Synopsis Appendices A. “Beware of being Burgoyned.”: Marching Toward Monmouth, Delaware River to Freehold, 18 to 27 June 1778 http://revwar75.com/library/rees/monmouth/MonmouthA.htm B. “The whole army moved towards the Delaware …”: Continental Army March from Valley Forge to Englishtown, N.J., 18 to 27 June 1778 http://revwar75.com/library/rees/monmouth/MonmouthB.htm C. “General Lee being detached with the advanced Corps …”: Composition of Charles Lee’s Force http://revwar75.com/library/rees/monmouth/MonmouthC.htm D. “Our Division formed a line on the eminence …”:Washington’s Main Army Order of Battle, 28 June 1778 http://revwar75.com/library/rees/monmouth/MonmouthD.htm E. “A large Number of troops …”: Continental and British Army Field Returns, 28 June 1778 http://revwar75.com/library/rees/monmouth/MonmouthE.htm F.“I resolved nevertheless to attack them …”: American Monmouth Battle Accounts http://revwar75.com/library/rees/monmouth/MonmouthF.htm G. “Charge, Grenadiers, never heed forming”: British Accounts of the Monmouth Battle http://revwar75.com/library/rees/monmouth/MonmouthG.htm H. "More Glorious to America than at first Supposed ...": New Jersey Officers Describe the Battle of Monmouth http://revwar75.com/library/rees/monmouth/MonmouthH.htm I. "They answered him with three cheers ...": New Jersey Common Soldiers' Pension Depositions http://revwar75.com/library/rees/monmouth/MonmouthI.htm J. “A very smart cannonading ensued from both sides.”: Maxwell’s Jersey Brigade Artillery and the Afternoon Cannonade at Monmouth http://revwar75.com/library/rees/monmouth/MonmouthJ.htm

4 K. “Jun 29th, Buried the Dead …”: Casualties in the Battle of Monmouth http://revwar75.com/library/rees/monmouth/MonmouthK.htm L. “We are informed by several persons …“: Contemporary Newspaper Accounts http://revwar75.com/library/rees/monmouth/MonmouthL.htm M. “That damned blue Regiment …”: Continental Army Clothing during the Monmouth Campaign http://revwar75.com/library/rees/monmouth/MonmouthM.htm N. “General Wayne's detachment is almost starving.”: Provisioning Washington’s Army on the March, June 1778 http://revwar75.com/library/rees/monmouth/MonmouthN.htm O. “The canopy of heaven for our tent”: Soldiers' Shelter on Campaign, June 1778 http://revwar75.com/library/rees/monmouth/MonmouthO.htm P. “Be pleased to fill up the vacancy with the eldest Captain in the line …”: Field Officers, Commissioned Officers, and Staff of the 2nd New Jersey Regiment December 1777 to May 1779 http://revwar75.com/library/rees/monmouth/MonmouthP.htm Q. “Exceeding Hot & water is scarce …”: Monmouth Campaign Weather, 15 June to 7 July, 1778 http://revwar75.com/library/rees/monmouth/MonmouthQ.pdf

“’A very smart cannonading ensued from both sides.’: Continental Artillery at Monmouth Courthouse, 28 June 1778” Appendices 1. Col. Richard Butler’s 1778 Map of the Monmouth Battle (drawn by William Gray) 2. “The Company was sent to Eastown with the pieces taken at Saratoga …”: Brig. Gen. William Maxwell’s Jersey Brigade Artillery at Monmouth. 3. Recreations of late 18th Century Cannons, Limbers, and Ammunition Wagons 4. Period Images of English Cannon and Ammunition/Powder Wagons 5. Images of German (mostly Hessian) Artillery, Limbers, and Ammunition Wagons during the Period of the War for American Independence https://www.scribd.com/doc/139365107/A-very-smart-cannonading-ensued-from-both- sides-Continental-Artillery-at-Monmouth-Courthouse-28-June-1778

“’Reach Coryels ferry. Encamp on the Pennsylvania side.’: The March from Valley Forge to Monmouth Courthouse, 18 to 28 June 1778” http://www.scribd.com/doc/133301501/“Reach-Coryels-ferry-Encamp-on-the-Pennsylvania-side-”- The-March-from-Valley-Forge-to-Monmouth-Courthouse-18-to-28-June-1778 Endnotes: http://www.scribd.com/doc/133293312/Endnotes-“Reach-Coryels-ferry-Encamp-on-the- Pennsylvania-side-”-The-March-from-Valley-Forge-to-Monmouth-Courthouse-18-to-28-June-1778 Contents 1. “We struck our tents and loaded our baggage.”: Leaving Valley Forge 2. Progress, June 18, 1778. 3. Progress, June 19, 1778. 4. “Crost the dilliware pushed on about 5 milds …”: June 20, 1778: Progress and a River Crossing 5. “4 Wagons & Horses, and 1000 Men at a Try.”: The Mechanics of Ferrying an Army 6. “Halt on the first strong ground after passing the Delaware ...”: June 20th River Crossing 7. “The number of boats … will render the passage of the troops very expeditious.”: June 21st Ferry Operation 8. “The Troops are passing the River … and are mostly over.”: June 22d Crossing 9. “The Army will march off …”: June 22d and 23d, Camp at Amwell Meeting 10. “Just after we halted we sent out a large detachment …”: Camp and Council: Hopewell Township, 23 to 24 June 5 11. “Giving the Enemy a stroke is a very desireable event …”: Advancing to Englishtown, 24 to 28 June a. Progress, June 25, 1778. b. Progress, June 26, 1778. c. Progress, June 27, 1778. d. Forward to Battle, June 28, 1778. 12. “Our advanced Corps … took post in the evening on the Monmouth Road …”: Movements of Continental Detachments Followng the British, 24 to 28 June 1778 a. The Advance Force: Scott’s, Wayne’s, Lafayette’s, and Lee’s Detachments. b. Daily Movements of Detachments Later Incorporated into Lee’s Advanced Corps. 13. Echoes of 1778, Three Years After. Addendum 1. Driving Directions, Continental Army Route from Valley Forge to Englishtown 2. Day by Day Recap of Route 3. The Road to Hopewell. 4. The Bungtown Road Controversy. 5. Weather During the Monmouth Campaign 6. Selected Accounts of the March from Valley Forge to Englishtown a. Fifteen-year-old Sally Wister b. Surgeon Samuel Adams, 3rd Continental Artillery c. Henry Dearborn, lt. colonel, 3rd New Hampshire Regiment d. Captain Paul Brigham, 8th Connecticut Regiment e. Sergeant Ebenezer Wild, 1st Massachusetts Regiment f. Sgt. Jeremiah Greenman, 2d Rhode Island Regiment g. Dr. James McHenry, assistant secretary to General Washington 7. List of Related works by the author on military material culture and the Continental Army Endnotes contain: 1. Army General and Brigade Orders, June 1778. a. Orders Regulating the Army on the March from Valley Forge. b. Orders Issued During the Movement from Valley Forge to Englishtown. 2. Division and Brigade Composition for Washington’s Main Army to 22 June 1778 3. Washington’s army vehicle allotment for the march to Coryell’s Ferry, 4. Wheeled Transportation (a primer on the vehicles and artillery on the road to Monmouth, including twenty-one illustrations) 5. Division and Brigade Composition for Washington’s Main Army after 22 June 1778 See also: http://www.scribd.com/doc/235994094/Bridget-Wingert-Happy-to-Be-Here-Washington-Crossed-the- Delaware-in-1778-the-only-time-with-the-bulk-of-the-army-Bucks-County-Herald-26-June- 20?secret_password=Hr4pyF6D170zE9K0icIS

“`Reach Coryels ferry. Encamp on the Pennsylvania side.’: The Monmouth Campaign Delaware River Crossing,” History in the Making (The Newsletter of the New Hope Historical Society), vol. 4, no. 4 (December 2006), 1-12.

"’The Enemy Giting intelligence of our movement ...’: Surprise at Haddonfield and Cooper’s Ferry, April 1778” http://www.scribd.com/doc/131104556/The-Enemy-Giting-intelligence-of-our-movement-Surprise-at- Haddonfield-April-1778

"Eyewitness to Battle: Alexander Dow's Account of Monmouth," The Brigade Dispatch, vol. XXIX, no. 1 (Spring 1999), 15-16. http://revwar75.com/library/rees/dow.htm 6 “`Endeavering to Keep them from going to New York ’: The New Jersey Brigade’s Pursuit of the British Army, 18-27 June 1778” (manuscript)

“`I Expect to hear the Enemy are on the Move ...’: The New Jersey Brigade, July 1778 to June 1779” (manuscript)

“`The road appeared to be full of red Coats …’: The Battle of Millstone, 20 January 1777: An Episode in the Forage War,” Military Collector & Historian, vol. 62, no. 1 (Spring 2010), 24-35. http://www.scribd.com/doc/123985060/%E2%80%9C-The-road-appeared- to-be-full-of-red-Coats-%E2%80%A6-An-Episode-in-the-Forage-War-The-Battle-of-Millstone-20- January-1777 http://revwar75.com/library/rees/pdfs/millstone.pdf

“Large droves of Cattle & flocks of Sheep go dayly into [the] Enemy …” Countering British Foraging at Darby, Pennsylvania, 22 to 28 December 1778 http://www.scribd.com/doc/240762337/Large-droves-of-Cattle-flocks-of-Sheep-go-dayly-into-the- Enemy-Countering-British-Foraging-at-Darby-Pennsylvania-22-to-28-December-1778

“`The Enemy … will have no Mercey upon our loaded barns.’: British Foraging at Hackensack, September and October 1778,” Carol Karels, ed., The Revolutionary War in Bergen County: The Time That Tried Men’s Souls (Charleston, S.C. and London: The History Press, 2007), 112-117. http://revwar75.com/library/rees/pdfs/forage.pdf

“`The Enemy was in Hackansack last night Burning & Destroing …’: British Incursions into Bergen County, Spring 1780” Part 1. “`So much for a Scotch Prize.’: Paramus, New Jersey, 23 March 1780” http://www.scribd.com/doc/133062410/%E2%80%9CSo-much-for-a-Scotch-Prize-%E2%80%9D- Paramus-New-Jersey-23-March-1780 (older version http://tinyurl.com/bja36 )

Part 2. “`Had all the Cavalry been in the front … not one man could have escaped …’: Hopperstown, New Jersey, 16 April 1780,” Barbara Z. Marchant, ed., Revolutionary Bergen County, The Road to Independence (Charleston, S.C. and London: The History Press, 2009), 123-135. Published in Military Collector & Historian: part 1, vol. 65, no. 1 (Spring 2013), 28-42, and part 2, vol. 65, no. 3 (Fall 2013), 260-273. http://www.scribd.com/doc/164512651/%E2%80%9C-Had-all-the-Cavalry-been-in-the- front-%E2%80%A6-not-one-man-could-have-escaped-%E2%80%A6-Hopperstown-New- Jersey-16-April-1780-Part-2-of-%E2%80%9C-The-Enemy-was-in-Ha

“`It appeared to me as if here we should live secure …: A Family’s Precarious Refuge in Paramus, 1776 to 1780,” Barbara Z. Marchant, ed., Revolutionary Bergen County, The Road to Independence (Charleston, S.C. and London: The History Press, 2009), 31-42. http://www.scribd.com/doc/121845065/%E2%80%9CIt-appeared-to-me-as-if-here-we- should-live-secure-%E2%80%A6%E2%80%9D-A-Family%E2%80%99s-Precarious- Refuge-in-Paramus-1776-to-1780

7 “`Their presence Here … Has Saved this State …’: Continental Provisional Battalions with Lafayette in Virginia, 1781” Part 1. “`This Detachement is Extremely Good …’: The Light Battalions Move South” A. “`The Fire of the Light Infantry …cheked the Enemys Progress …’: Light Battalion Composition and Service” B. “`Ill founded jealousies, and groundless suspicions.” ‘: Unrest in the Light Battalions” C. “`The Cloathing you … long ago Sent to the light infantry is not Yet Arrived.‘: Apparel and Equipment” The Brigade Dispatch, vol. XXXVI, no. 2 (Autumn 2006), 2-23. http://revwar75.com/library/rees/pdfs/light.pdf Appendices for Above 1. Diary of Soldier with Lafayette’s Light Infantry, 1781 http://revwar75.com/library/rees/pdfs/Atkins.pdf.pdf 2. Asa Redington, Scammell’s Light Infantry Regiment, 1781 http://revwar75.com/library/rees/pdfs/Redington.pdf 3. Barber’s Light Battalion, 1781 (New Jersey Light Company Personnel) http://revwar75.com/library/rees/pdfs/Barber.pdf

“`Their presence Here … Has Saved this State …’: Continental Provisional Battalions with Lafayette in Virginia, 1781” Parts 2-4. “`Almost all old soldiers, and well disciplined …’: Brigadier General Anthony Wayne’s 1781 Pennsylvania Provisional Battalions” A. “I fear it is now too late …”: The Pennsylvania Line Mutiny, January 1781 http://revwar75.com/library/rees/pdfs/PA-A.pdf B. “Our Regiments are yet but very small …”: Settling with the Troops and Rebuilding the Line http://revwar75.com/library/rees/pdfs/PA-B.pdf C. “The whole Line … behaved in a most orderly manner.”: Reorganizing the Pennsylvania Provisional Battalions and Service in the 1781 Campaign http://revwar75.com/library/rees/pdfs/PA-C.pdf The Brigade Dispatch, vol. XXXVII, no. 2 (Summer 2007), 2-19; vol. XXXVII, no. 4 (Winter 2007), 2-15; vol. XXXVIII, no. 1 (Spring 2008), 2-21. Appendices for Above 1. “`A Smart firing commenc’d from from both parties …’: Brig. Gen. Anthony Wayne’s Pennsylvania Battalions in Virginia, June to November 1781” Contents: A. “We will be much inferior to the enemy …”: May 31 to July 5 1781 B. “A charge … under a heavy fire of Grape shot …”: Battle of Green Springs, 6 July 1781 C. “Cornwallis … threatens every Devastation that fire & sword can produce …”: Marching and Countermarching, 9 July to 25 August D. “The batteries were opened and fired with great success …”: September to November 1781 E. “The Cloathing was drawn near twelve month ago …”: 1780-1781 Pennsylvania Clothing, Letters and Returns http://revwar75.com/library/rees/pdfs/Virginia.pdf

8 2. “`The British army marched out and grounded their arms …’: Pennsylvania Lt. William Feltman’s Diary, 26 May to 5 November 1781” http://revwar75.com/library/rees/pdfs/Feltman.pdf 3. “`Pennsylvania Battalion Troop Returns, 1781-1783’: (In Camp and on Campaign in Pennsylvania, Virginia, and South Carolina)” http://revwar75.com/library/rees/pdfs/Returns.pdf

"’We ... wheeled to the Right to form the Line of Battle’: Colonel Israel Shreve's Journal, 23 November 1776 to 14 August 1777 (Including Accounts of the Action at the Short Hills)” Contents 1. “The Enemy Came out fired several Cannon At our Pickets”: Journal Entries, 23 November 1776 to 25 June 1777 2. Composition of Maj. Gen. William Alexander, Lord Stirling's Division, Summer 1777 3. “Our Canister shot Did Great Execution.”: The Battle of the Short Hills: Journal Entries 26 to 28 June 1777 4. “There was a steady fire on us from out of the bushes …”: A German Officer’s View of Operations in New Jersey, 24 to 28 June 1777 5. “A smart engagement ensued …”: A British Private’s View of the Short Hills Battle 6. "I propose leaving Colo. Daytons and Ogden's Regts. at Elizabeth Town … for the present ...”: Movements of the 1st and 3d New Jersey Regiments, July and August 1777 7. “Crossed Delaware [River], halted At Doctor Enhams …”: Final Journal Entries, 29 July to 14 August 1777 Addenda 1. Listing of Field Officers, Commissioned Officers, and Staff of the 2d New Jersey Regiment December 1776 to December 1777 2. Company Strengths and Dispositions, Colonel Israel Shreve's 2d New Jersey Regiment December 1776 to December 1777 3. 2d New Jersey Regiment, Monthly Strength as Taken From the Muster Rolls, December 1776 to December 1777 4. 2d New Jersey Regiment, Company Lineage, 1777 to 1779 5. “The Troops of this Army … Appear to Manoeuvre upon false principles …”: The State of Continental Army Field Formations and Combat Maneuver, 1777 6. Composition of British Columns at the Short Hills Action, 26 June 1777; Organization of British Light Infantry and Grenadier Battalions, Spring and Summer 1777 7. “I have sent down Lord Stirling's Division, to reinforce Genl. Maxwell …”: Summer Campaign Letters, Gen. George Washington and Virginia Captain John Chilton, plus the role of “late Ottendorff’s Corps,” 22 to 29 June 1777 8. “At sunrise the fire began …”: New Jersey Brigade Accounts of the 1777 Philadelphia Campaign 9. "Without Covering but the H[eaven's].C[anop].y and boughs of Trees …": 4th New Jersey Officer's Diary, 21 June 1777 to 18 February 1778 (plus Journal of Ensign George Ewing, 3d New Jersey, 1777-1778) http://www.scribd.com/doc/153790118/%E2%80%99We-wheeled-to-the-Right-to-form-the-Line-of- Battle%E2%80%99-Colonel-Israel-Shreve-s-Journal-23-November-1776-to-14-August-1777- Including-Accounts-of

9 “Receivd an Ensigncy in Capt Hagans Company Third Jersey Regt” Ensign George Ewing’s Journal, New Jersey Line, 11 November 1775 to 21 May 1778 (Published as George Ewing, The Military Journal of George Ewing (1754-1824): A Soldier of Valley Forge (Yonkers, N.Y.: Privately printed by T. Ewing, 1928)) http://www.scribd.com/doc/153505766/%E2%80%9CReceivd-an-Ensigncy-in-Capt-Hagans- Company-Third-Jersey-Regt%E2%80%9D-Ensign-George-Ewing%E2%80%99s-Journal-New- Jersey-Line-11-November-1775-to-21-May-1778-Pu

“`None of you know the hardships of A soldiers life …’: Service of the Connecticut Regiments in Maj. Gen. Alexander McDougall’s Division, 1777-1778” “I am … Packing up my baggage in order to March”: Service on the North River, and Movement into Pennsylvania, May to September 1777 “God Grant I may Always be Preserv'd …”: The Battle of Germantown and Schuylkill Expedition, October 1777 “So small A Garrison never attaind Greater achievments …”: Forts Mifflin and Mercer, and Maneuvers in New Jersey, November 1777 “Nothing to cover us But ye heavens …”: The Whitemarsh Encampment and Early Days at Valley Forge, December 1777 “This is a very Different Spirit in the Army …”: Wintering Over at Valley Forge and Spring Training, January to June 1778 “Sixty three bullet holes were made through the colours …”: Summer Campaign and the Battle of Monmouth, June 1778 “The Troops of the whole line will exercise and manoeuvre …”: The March to New York and the White Plains Encampment, July to September 1778 “The Enemy are upon the eve of some general and important move.”: The Fredericksburgh Camp and Shifting Commanders, September to October 1778 “Their countrymen would … conclude the Devil was in them …”: McDougall’s Division Takes Post in Connecticut, October and November 1778 “Grievances … Justly complained of by your Soldiers …”: The Connecticut Line Winter Camp, December 1778 to January 1779 http://www.scribd.com/doc/111086856/YZ-List-Connecticut-Division-1777-79-Narrative-New- Longer and http://www.scribd.com/doc/111086939/YZ-List-Connecticut-Division-1777-79- Bibliography-New http://revwar75.com/library/rees/pdfs/CT-Div.pdf and http://revwar75.com/library/rees/pdfs/biblio.pdf

10 Other Authors’ Monographs (Campaign, Battle, Combat, and Operational Studies)

William W. Reynolds, “The Virginia Militia at the Siege of Yorktown,” Military Collector & Historian, Vol. 67, no. 2 (Summer 2015), 168-186. https://www.scribd.com/doc/283544605/William-W-Reynolds-The-Virginia-Militia-at-the- Siege-of-Yorktown-Military-Collector-Historian-Vol-67-no-2-Summer-2015-168-186

“The Battle of Paoli” Stephen R. Gilbert, “An Analysis of the Xavier della Gatta Paintings of the Battles of Paoli and Germantown, 1777: Part I,” Military Collector & Historian, vol. XLVI, no. 3 (Fall 1994), 98-108. http://www.scribd.com/doc/209737868/Stephen-R-Gilbert-%E2%80%9CAn-Analysis-of-the- Xavier-della-Gatta-Paintings-of-the-Battles-of-Paoli-and-Germantown-1777-Part-I- %E2%80%9D-Military-Collector-Histo

“The Battle of Germantown” Stephen R. Gilbert, “An Analysis of the Xavier della Gatta Paintings of the Battles of Paoli and Germantown, 1777: Part II,” Military Collector & Historian, vol. XLVII, no. 4 (Winter 1995), 146-162. http://www.scribd.com/doc/209914033/%E2%80%9CThe-Battle-of-Germantown%E2%80%9D- by-Xavier-della-Gatta-Stephen-R-Gilbert-%E2%80%9CAn-Analysis-of-the-Xavier-della-Gatta- Paintings-of-the-Battles-of-Paoli-and-Ger

Lawrence E. Babits 'Supplying the Southern Continental Army, March 1780 to September 1781,' Military Collector & Historian, vol. 47, no. 4 (1995), 163-171. http://www.scribd.com/doc/207337105/Lawrence-E-Babits-Supplying-the-Southern-Continental- Army-March-1780-to-September-1781-Military-Collector-Historian-vol-47-no-4-1995

Women Following the Army http://www.scribd.com/doc/125414053/J-U-Rees-Article-List-Women-Following-the-Army-1775- 1783

American Revolution Army Women Names Project “Spent the winter at Jockey Hollow, and … washed together while there …”: American Revolution Army Women Names Project - Continental Army https://www.scribd.com/document/322026319/American-Revolution-Army-Women-Names- Project-Continental

The aim of this project is to compile names and biographies of women attached to the military forces of the War for American Independence, 1775 to 1783; Whig (Continental), French, Spanish, British, German, and Loyalists. This includes females (and their offspring) who followed the troops on campaign, or served in a camp, garrison, or other settled military post (including artificers and other military support groups). Spouses and retainers of both enlisted men and officers are eligible. The project will begin with Continental army and Whig militia female followers. Eventually, we hope to convince people with special knowledge of the other nations’ armies involved to participate.

11 Material may be sent to the editor at [email protected] or via Facebook messaging (John U. Rees). Names must be accompanied by supporting source material and a transcription of the same. Please include available pension narratives and as much detail from other sources as is available. Contributors will be listed with their submissions. Appended is the recommended structure for entries (courtesy of Eliza West, revised by John Rees):

BASIC FACTS Date of birth/age at time of first service with the army: Date of death: Names of spouse(s) and date of marriage(s): Names and birthdates of children:

MILITARY FACTS Unit (army, regiment, company, etc.): Campaigns: Garrison locations: Battles participated in/observed: Active dates, during which she was part of the military establishment:

DOCUMENTATION (Personal account, pension record, company or other returns, etc.)

NARRATIVE(S) and/or WEBLINK(S)

______

"`The multitude of women': An Examination of the Numbers of Female Camp Followers with the Continental Army": 1777 and 1780: A Common Thread? 1776 to 1782: “Necessary to keep the Soldier's clean" 1781: "Their Wives all of whom ... Remained" - Women on Campaign With the Army 1781: "The women with the army who draw provisions" 1782: "Rations ... Without Whiskey" - Colonel Henry Jackson's Regimental Provision Returns 1783: "The proportion of Women which ought to be allowed ..." The Brigade Dispatch (Journal of the Brigade of the American Revolution) Three parts: vol. XXIII, no. 4 (Autumn 1992), 5-17; vol. XXIV, no. 1 (Winter 1993), 6-16; vol. XXIV, no. 2 (Spring 1993), 2-6 (Reprinted in Minerva: Quarterly Report on Women and the Military, vol. XIV, no. 2 (Summer 1996)). http://revwar75.com/library/rees/wnumb1.htm

"`The number of rations issued to the women in camp.': New Material Concerning Female Followers With Continental Regiments": Female Followers with the Troops at Wyoming: Prelude to Sullivan's Campaign, 1779 "Provisions and Stores Issued to the Grand Army": Female Followers at Middlebrook, 1779 “The women belonging to their respective corps": Further Analysis and Comparison of the Returns of Women The Brigade Dispatch, vol. XXVIII, no. 1 (Spring 1998), 2-10; vol. XXVIII, no. 2 (Summer 1998), 2-12, 13. http://revwar75.com/library/rees/wnumb2.htm

12 "'`Some in rags and some in jags,’ but none ‘in velvet gowns.’ Insights on Clothing Worn by Female Followers of the Armies During the American War for Independence," ALHFAM Bulletin (Association of Living History, Farm and Agricultural Museums), vol. XXVIII, no. 4 (Winter 1999), 18-21. http://www.scribd.com/doc/122521121/Some-in-rags-and-some-in- jags-%E2%80%99-but-none-%E2%80%98in-velvet-gowns-%E2%80%99-Insights- on-Clothing-Worn-by-Female-Followers-of-the-Armies-During-the-American-War-for Also: http://revwar75.com/library/rees/wcloth.htm

"’The proportion of Women which ought to be allowed...’: An Overview of Continental Army Female Camp Followers” 1. “A clog upon every movement. “: Numbers 2. "Rations... Without Whiskey": Women’s Food Allowance 3. "Some men washed their own clothing.": Women's Duties and Shelter 4. Orders Concerning Women in the Summer of 1777 (Delaware Regiment of Maj. Gen. John Sullivan’s Division 5. "Coming into the line of fire.": Women on the March or on Campaign Appendices A. An Estimate of Females with Continental Army Units on the March to Yorktown, 1781 B. Mess Roll of Capt. John Ross’s Company, 3d New Jersey Regiment C. Tent Assignments in Lt. Col. John Wrottesley’s (3d) Company, 1st Battalion, Brigade of (British) Guards (Including “British Army orders regarding female followers, summer 1777”) D. Period Images of Army Followers or Poor to Middling Female Civilians E. Photographs of Army Women at Living History Events F. Online Articles Pertaining to Female Camp Followers and Related Subjects During the War for American Independence G. Other Authors’ Monographs (Women Following the Army) The Continental Soldier, vol. VIII, no. 3 (Spring 1995), 51-58. ALHFAM Bulletin (Association of Living History, Farm and Agricultural Museums), vol. XXVIII, no. 4 (Winter 1999), 18-21. https://www.scribd.com/doc/255868431/The-proportion-of-Women-which-ought-to-be- allowed-An-Overview-of-Continental-Army-Female-Camp-Followers

“’Remember[ing] the Ladies’: Margaret Johnson and Elizabeth Evans, Women of the New Jersey Brigade” http://www.scribd.com/doc/235418684/Remember-ing-the-Ladies-Margaret-Johnson- and-Elizabeth-Evans-Women-of-the-New-Jersey-Brigade “Reading List: Women and the Military During the War for Independence," The Continental Soldier, vol. IX, no. 1 (Winter/Spring 1997), 52. http://revwar75.com/library/rees/wread.htm

13 Other Authors’ Monographs (Women Following the Army)

Charlotte Brown, “The Journal of Charlotte Brown, Matron of the General Hospital, with the English Forces in America, 1754-1756,” in Isabel M. Calder, Colonial Captivities, Marches and Journeys (Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, Inc., 1935; reprinted 1967), 169-198 (French and Indian War). https://www.scribd.com/doc/274738578/Charlotte-Brown-The-Journal-of-Charlotte-Brown-Matron-of-the- General-Hospital-with-the-English-Forces-in-America-1754-1756

Holly Mayer, “From Forts to Families: Following the Army into Western Pennsylvania, 1758- 1766.” The Pennsylvania Magazine of History andBiography 130 (January 2006): 5-43. https://www.scribd.com/doc/273462949/Holly-Mayer-From-Forts-to-Families-Following-the- Army-into-Western-Pennsylvania-1758-1766

Elizabeth Cometti, “Women in the American Revolution,” The New England Quarterly, vol. XX, no. 3 (September 1947), 335-337. http://www.scribd.com/doc/213814242/Elizabeth-Cometti-%E2%80%9CWomen-in-the-American- Revolution-%E2%80%9D-The-New-England-Quarterly-vol-XX-no-3-September-1947-335-337

(Part 1) Bruce E. Burgoyne, “Women with the Hessian Auxiliaries during the American Revolutionary War,” The Brigade Dispatch, vol. XXVI, no. 1 (Spring 1996), 2-8. http://www.scribd.com/doc/214066869/Bruce-E-Burgoyne-%E2%80%9CWomen-with-the- Hessian-Auxiliaries-during-the-American-Revolutionary-War-%E2%80%9D-The-Brigade- Dispatch-vol-XXVI-no-1-Spring-1996-2

(Part 2) Bruce E. Burgoyne, “Women with the Hessian Auxiliaries during the American Revolutionary War,” The Brigade Dispatch, vol. XXVI, no. 1 (Spring 1996), 19-23. http://www.scribd.com/doc/214077163/Part-2-Bruce-E-Burgoyne-%E2%80%9CWomen-with-the- Hessian-Auxiliaries-during-the-American-Revolutionary-War-%E2%80%9D-The-Brigade- Dispatch-vol-XXVI-no-1-Spring

Bruce E. Burgoyne, “Women with Hessian Military Units” (being a compendium of women identified as having followed German corps during the American War, 1775-1783), The Brigade Dispatch, vol. XXVI, no. 3 (Autumn 1996), 2-10. http://www.scribd.com/doc/214347053/Part-1-Bruce-E-Burgoyne-%E2%80%9CWomen-with- Hessian-Military-Units%E2%80%9D-being-a-compendium-of-women-identified-as-having- followed-German-corps-during-the-Amer

Paul E. Kopperman, "The British High Command and Soldiers' Wives In America, 1755-1783," Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research, no. 60 (1982), 14-34. Married women, 14; women's duties, 15-16, 21; number of women in the Continental Army, 16; the thoughts of the high command concerning women, 16; the number of women in the army and individual regiments, 19- 20, 26-28; women's rations, 22-23; women as patients in hospital, 31, 33. http://www.scribd.com/doc/214779011/Paul-E-Kopperman-The-British-High-Command-and- Soldiers-Wives-In-America-1755-1783-Journal-of-the-Society-for-Army-Historical-Research-no-60

14 Don N, Hagist, “Women on Burgoyne’s Campaign,” The Brigade Dispatch, vol. XXX, no. 4 (Winter 2000), 18-20 http://www.scribd.com/doc/213934713/Don-N-Hagist-%E2%80%9CWomen-on- Burgoyne%E2%80%99s-Campaign-%E2%80%9D-The-Brigade-Dispatch-vol-XXX-no-4-Winter- 2000-18-20

Mrs. Middleton and Mary Driskill, the Experiences of Two Women with British Regiments Don N. Hagist, “Mrs. Middleton Takes Prisoners,” The Brigade Dispatch, vol. XXIX, no. 3 (Autumn 1999), 17 (a British Army woman’s experiences, from a primary source). Don N. Hagist, “Mary Driskill, 10th Regiment of Foot,” The Brigade Dispatch, vol. XXX, no. 2 (Summer 2000), 15 (a British Army woman’s experiences, from a primary source). http://www.scribd.com/doc/214783573/Mrs-Middleton-and-Mary-Driskill-the-Experiences-of- Two-Women-with-British-Regiments-Don-N-Hagist-%E2%80%9CMrs-Middleton-Takes- Prisoners-%E2%80%9D-The-Brigade Apparel and Goods Issued to Female Followers of American Troops Don N. Hagist, “She was very fond of soldiers,” The Brigade Dispatch, vol. XXIX, no. 2 (Summer 2000), 15-16. Don N. Hagist, “The Women of Fort Jefferson” (goods issued to individuals at a Kentucky fort, 1780-1781), The Brigade Dispatch, vol. XXX, no. 1 (Spring 2000), 21-23. http://www.scribd.com/doc/214790248/Apparel-Worn-by-and-Goods-Issued-to-Female-Followers- of-American-Troops-Don-N-Hagist-She-was-very-fond-of-soldiers-The-Brigade-Dispatch-vol-XXI

French Troops and Female Followers René Chartrand, “Notes Concerning Women in the 18th Century French Army,” The Brigade Dispatch, vol. XXV, no. 3 (Summer 1995), 2 (explanation of the relative paucity of women with French forces in America). Donald J. Brandt, “Rochambeau's Army, and Women in America,” The Brigade Dispatch, vol. XXV, no. 3 (Summer 1995), 3 (insights on women with and around a French regiment). http://www.scribd.com/doc/214927135/French-Troops-and-Female-Followers-Rene-Chartrand- %E2%80%9CNotes-Concerning-Women-in-the-18th-Century-French-Army-%E2%80%9D-The- Brigade-Dispatch-vol-XXV-no

Refugees and Women following Loyalist Regiments (Part 1) Todd W. Braisted, "Refugees & Others: Loyalist Families in the American War for Independence," The Brigade Dispatch (Journal of the Brigade of the American Revolution), two parts: vol. XXVI, no. 4 (Winter 1996), 2-7; vol. XXVII, no. 2 (Summer 1997), 2-6. http://www.scribd.com/doc/214984897/Refugees-and-Women-following-Loyalist-Regiments-Part- 1-Todd-W-Braisted-Refugees-Others-Loyalist-Families-in-the-American-War-for-Independence

Refugees and Women following Loyalist Regiments (Part 2) Todd W. Braisted, "Refugees & Others: Loyalist Families in the American War for Independence," The Brigade Dispatch (Journal of the Brigade of the American Revolution), two parts: vol. XXVI, no. 4 (Winter 1996), 2-7; vol. XXVII, no. 2 (Summer 1997), 2-6. http://www.scribd.com/doc/214995035/Refugees-and-Women-following-Loyalist-Regiments-Part- 2-Todd-W-Braisted-Refugees-Others-Loyalist-Families-in-the-American-War-for-Independence

Following the Army, by Don Troiani

16 Letters, Diaries, and Order Books http://www.scribd.com/doc/125413869/J-U-Rees-Article-List-Soldiers-Letters-Diaries-and- Order-Books

"’We ... wheeled to the Right to form the Line of Battle’: Colonel Israel Shreve's Journal, 23 November 1776 to 14 August 1777 (Including Accounts of the Action at the Short Hills)” (Originally published in The Brigade Dispatch, vol. XXII, no. 1 (Spring 1992), 7-16.) Contents 1. “The Enemy Came out fired several Cannon At our Pickets”: Journal Entries, 23 November 1776 to 25 June 1777 2. Composition of Maj. Gen. William Alexander, Lord Stirling's Division, Summer 1777 3. “Our Canister shot Did Great Execution.”: The Battle of the Short Hills: Journal Entries 26 to 28 June 1777 4. “There was a steady fire on us from out of the bushes …”: A German Officer’s View of Operations in New Jersey, 24 to 28 June 1777 5. “A smart engagement ensued …”: A British Private’s View of the Short Hills Battle 6. "I propose leaving Colo. Daytons and Ogden's Regts. at Elizabeth Town … for the present ...”: Movements of the 1st and 3d New Jersey Regiments, July and August 1777 7. “Crossed Delaware [River], halted At Doctor Enhams …”: Final Journal Entries, 29 July to 14 August 1777 Addenda 1. Listing of Field Officers, Commissioned Officers, and Staff of the 2d New Jersey Regiment December 1776 to December 1777 2. Company Strengths and Dispositions, Colonel Israel Shreve's 2d New Jersey Regiment December 1776 to December 1777 3. 2d New Jersey Regiment, Monthly Strength as Taken From the Muster Rolls, December 1776 to December 1777 4. 2d New Jersey Regiment, Company Lineage, 1777 to 1779 5. “The Troops of this Army … Appear to Manoeuvre upon false principles …”: The State of Continental Army Field Formations and Combat Maneuver, 1777 6. Composition of British Columns at the Short Hills Action, 26 June 1777; Organization of British Light Infantry and Grenadier Battalions, Spring and Summer 1777 7. “I have sent down Lord Stirling's Division, to reinforce Genl. Maxwell …”: Summer Campaign Letters, Gen. George Washington and Virginia Captain John Chilton, plus the role of “late Ottendorff’s Corps,” 22 to 29 June 1777 8. “At sunrise the fire began …”: New Jersey Brigade Accounts of the 1777 Philadelphia Campaign 9. "Without Covering but the H[eaven's].C[anop].y and boughs of Trees …": 4th New Jersey Officer's Diary, 21 June 1777 to 18 February 1778 (plus Journal of Ensign George Ewing, 3d New Jersey, 1777-1778) http://www.scribd.com/doc/153790118/%E2%80%99We-wheeled-to-the-Right-to-form-the- Line-of-Battle%E2%80%99-Colonel-Israel-Shreve-s-Journal-23-November-1776-to-14- August-1777-Including-Accounts-of

“Receivd an Ensigncy in Capt Hagans Company Third Jersey Regt” Ensign George Ewing’s Journal, New Jersey Line, 11 November 1775 to 21 May 1778 (Published as George Ewing, The Military Journal of George Ewing (1754-1824): A Soldier of Valley Forge (Yonkers, N.Y.: Privately printed by T. Ewing, 1928)) http://www.scribd.com/doc/153505766/%E2%80%9CReceivd-an-Ensigncy-in-Capt- Hagans-Company-Third-Jersey-Regt%E2%80%9D-Ensign-George- Ewing%E2%80%99s-Journal-New-Jersey-Line-11-November-1775-to-21-May-1778-Pu

17 “`Marched at Day Break and fell in With the Rebels’: Anonymous British Diary, 13 April 1777 to 26 September 1777,” http://revwar75.com/library/rees/diary.htm

"`Necessarys … to be Properley Packd: & Slung in their Blanketts’: Selected Transcriptions 40th Regiment of Foot Order Book,” http://revwar75.com/library/rees/40th.htm Captain William Wolfe’s Light Company, 40th Regiment http://revwar75.com/library/rees/wolfe.htm

“Diary of Soldier with Lafayette’s Light Infantry, 1781” (diary transcription) http://revwar75.com/library/rees/pdfs/Atkins.pdf.pdf

“Asa Redington, Scammell’s Light Infantry Regiment, 1781” (soldier’s memoir) http://revwar75.com/library/rees/pdfs/Redington.pdf

“`The British army marched out and grounded their arms …’: Pennsylvania Lt. William Feltman’s Diary 26 May to 5 November 1781” (transcription) http://revwar75.com/library/rees/pdfs/Feltman.pdf

“`We had a small attack … with our Riflemen …’: A Pennsylvania Soldier’s 1776 Letter,” Military Collector & Historian, vol. 61, no. 3 (Fall 2009), 155-156. http://revwar75.com/library/rees/pdfs/krider.pdf

“`Remembour me to all inquiring friends’: New Jersey Private Henry Johnson’s Letters, 1778 to 1780” (manuscript)

"`The Action was renew.d with a very warm Canonade’: A New Jersey Officer’s Diary, June 1777 to August 1778” (manuscript) (Partial transcription in "’We ... wheeled to the Right to form the Line of Battle’: Colonel Israel Shreve's Journal, 23 November 1776 to 14 August 1777,” http://www.scribd.com/doc/153790118/%E2%80%99We-wheeled-to-the-Right-to-form-the- Line-of-Battle%E2%80%99-Colonel-Israel-Shreve-s-Journal-23-November-1776-to-14- August-1777-Including-Accounts-of )

18 Other Authors’ Monographs (Letters, Diaries, and Order Books)

Elijah Fisher’s Journal While in the War for Independence, 1775-1784 (Augusta, Me.: Press of Badger and Manley, 1880); Elijah Fisher was a private in Read’s Massachusetts Regiment, the 13th Continental Regiment, the 4th Massachusetts Regiment, the Commander-in Chief’s Guard (30 March 1778 to 7 January 1780), and the 11th Massachusetts Regiment. Diary spans May 1775 - April 1781. https://www.scribd.com/doc/245317130/Elijah-Fisher-Elijah-Fisher-s- Journal-While-in-the-War-for-Independence-1775-1784-Augusta-Me-Press-of-Badger-and- Manley-1880

Sheldon S. Cohen, “Captain William Leslie’s ‘Paths of Glory,’” New Jersey History, v. 108, no. 1-2, spring/summer 1990. https://www.scribd.com/doc/277675475/Sheldon-S-Cohen- Captain-William-Leslie-s-Paths-of-Glory-New-Jersey-History-v-108-no-1-2-spring- summer-1990

Military Music http://www.scribd.com/doc/125413552/J-U-Rees-Article-List-Military-Musicans

Music, Military, vol. 2, 763-765 (1500 words), Mark M. Boatner, Encyclopedia of the American Revolution: Library of Military History, Harold E. Selesky, ed. (2nd Edition, Charles Scribner’s Sons, 2006)

Artwork Narrative: Pamela Patrick White, “`Each morning we… had to play and beat the Reveille’: Continental Army Musicians,” (2004) http://www.whitehistoricart.com

"`The musicians belonging to the whole army': An Abbreviated Study of the Ages of Musicians in the Continental Army," The Brigade Dispatch, two parts: vol. XXIV, no. 4 (Autumn 1993), 2-8; vol. XXV, no. 1 (Winter 1994), 2-12. Abridged version of this article published in Percussive Notes, Journal of the Percussive Arts Society (August 2005), 64-66. http://revwar75.com/library/rees/musician1.htm and http://revwar75.com/library/rees/musician2.htm

"`Bugle Horns', 'conk shells' and 'Signals by Drum': Miscellaneous Notes on Instruments and Their Usage During the American War for Independence," The Brigade Dispatch, vol. XXVI, no. 4 (Winter 1996), 13-15 http://revwar75.com/library/rees/buglehorns.htm

19 Other Authors’ Monographs (Military Music)

Samuel Dewees, A History of the Life and Services of Captain Samuel Dewees... The whole written (in part from a manuscript in the handwriting of Captain Dewees) and compiled by John Smith Hanna. (R. Neilson, Baltimore, 1844), 92-97, 125-126, 133-134, 138-152, enlistment and detached service; 148, some time between late summer of 1778 and spring of 1779 Dewees was serving as a waiter at Humpton's private residence at Somerset Courthouse in New Jersey. He claimed that while he "homed" he "was dressed in a Fifer's regimental coat and cap, with [a] horse or cow tail hanging thereon..."; 152- 153, attack on Stony Point. Samuel Dewees' pension file gives two different ages (57 years old in 1820 and 56 years old in 1818) for which reason he is not included in the age statistics of this study. A brief outline of his early services according to his memoirs is as follows: His father having been captured at Fort Washington in November of 1776 was released from prison in the beginning of 1777. Samuel Dewees was enlisted by his father as a fifer, in the 11th Pennsylvania Regiment commanded by Colonel Richard Humpton, being "about or turned of 15, but quite small of my age." Dewees served in the fall of 1777 in a hospital at the "Brandywine meeting-house" (probably Birmingham Meetinghouse), at one point under the command of Captain George Ross, Jr. of the 11th Regiment, and remained on duty with the sick or was absent from the army until the spring of 1778. Following his return to the army at Valley Forge be rejoined the 11th Pennsylvania, became waiter to Colonel Humpton and again was detached from the army. In July of 1779 when he returned to his regiment he claimed to have been "one of the musicians attached to the detachment" which attempted to attack Stony Point, though General Anthony Wayne left "the musicians (or at least a portion of them) myself included in the number behind him." Dewees says that this assault was not successful and he did not take part in the later successful assault on July 16th (hereafter cited as Dewees, History of the Life and Services of Captain Samuel Dewees). (Courtesy of Steve Dillon) http://www.fifemuseum.com/sammy-the-fifer.html

Steve Dillon, “William Callender, Fife Maker of the American Revolution” http://www.fifemuseum.com/william-callender-.html

Steve Dillon, “What does a Revolutionary War fife look like?” http://www.fifemuseum.com/revolutionary-war-fifes.html

Steve Dillon, "`What is the age of my fife?’" (Including information on and images of Historic Fifes, A-Z, and Fife Advertisements, 1760s-1930s) http://www.fifemuseum.com/how-old-is-my-fife-.html

Steven M. Baule, “Drummers in the British Army during the American Revolution,“ Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research: , vol. 86 (2008), no. 346, 20. https://www.scribd.com/document/327314715/Steven-M-Baule-Drummers-in-the-British-Army- during-the-American-Revolution-Journal-of-the-Society-for-Army-Historical-Research-vol-86- 2008

20 African-American Soldiers http://www.scribd.com/doc/125413719/J-U-Rees-Article-List-African-American-Soldiers

“’They were good soldiers.’: African–Americans Serving in the Continental Army,” http://www.scribd.com/doc/123231213/%E2%80%9CThey-were-good-soldiers- African%E2%80%93Americans-Serving-in-the-Continental-Army

“’At Eutau Springs he received three wounds …’: Black Soldiers in Southern Continental Regiments” Contents Overview of Numbers Gleaning Veterans’ Pensions Georgia South Carolina Maryland Delaware Virginia Analysis: William Ranney’s Painting “Battle of Cowpens” and Black Cavalry Soldiers Analysis: Officers’ Servants North Carolina Post-War Comments on Unit Integration, Slavery, and Societal Attitudes towards Blacks Appendices A. "Return of the Negroes in the Army," 24 August 1778, White Plains, New York B. Estimated Populations of the American Colonies, 1700-1780 C. Synopsis of African-American veterans’ pensions found on Southern Campaign Revolutionary War Pension Statements & Rosters (with links to pension transcriptions) D. Analysis of average number of African Americans in all the brigades listed in the 24 August 1778 “Return of the Negroes in the Army” showing 755 black soldiers in fifteen brigades of Gen. George Washington’s main army at White Plains, New York. E. A Study in Complexity: Comparison of Virginia Continental regiment lineage with that of the Pennsylvania and Massachusetts Lines F. Synopsis of the Chesterfield List (Virginia, 1780-1781) (Including, “Numbers of African- Americans on the Chesterfield List.”) https://www.scribd.com/doc/290761045/At-Eutau-Springs-he-received-three-wounds-Black- Soldiers-in-Southern-Continental-Regiments

Pensions used for the above study: A. Delaware and Georgia Pensions Gleaned from “Southern Campaign Revolutionary War Pension Statements & Rosters,” https://www.academia.edu/18409677/Delaware_and_Georgia_Pensions_Gleaned_from_Southern_C ampaign_Revolutionary_War_Pension_Statements_and_Rosters_as_of_14_April_2011_http_www. southerncampaign.org_pen_ B. South Carolina Pensions Gleaned from SCRWP, https://www.academia.edu/18409708/South_Carolina_Pensions_Gleaned_from_Southern_Campaig n_Revolutionary_War_Pension_Statements_and_Rosters_as_of_14_April_2011_http_www.souther ncampaign.org_pen_

21 C. Maryland Pensions Gleaned from SCRWP, https://www.academia.edu/18409828/Maryland_Pensions_Gleaned_from_Southern_Campaign_Rev olutionary_War_Pension_Statements_and_Rosters_as_of_14_April_2011_http_www.southerncamp aign.org_pen_ D. Virginia Pensions Gleaned from SCRWP (Including a Synopsis of the 1780 Chesterfield Roll), https://www.academia.edu/18409884/Virginia_Pensions_Gleaned_from_Southern_Campaign_Revol utionary_War_Pension_Statements_and_Rosters_as_of_14_April_2011_http_www.southerncampai gn.org_pen_ E. North Carolina Pensions Gleaned from SCRWP, https://www.academia.edu/18409910/North_Carolina_Pensions_Gleaned_from_Southern_Campaig n_Revolutionary_War_Pension_Statements_and_Rosters_as_of_14_April_2011_http_www.souther ncampaign.org_pen_ F. Examples of African-Americans Serving in the North Carolina Militia Gleaned from SCRWP, https://www.academia.edu/18409926/Examples_of_African- Americans_Serving_in_the_North_Carolina_Militia See also: Examples of the Complexity of Continental Army Unit Lineage: (The Virginia, Pennsylvania and Massachusetts Continental Lines) https://www.scribd.com/doc/307784931/Examples-of-the-Complexity-of-Continental-Army-Unit-Lineage- The-Virginia-Pennsylvania-and-Massachusetts-Continental-Lines

“`They were good soldiers.’ African–Americans Serving in the Continental Army, and General Glover’s Soldier-Servants,” Military Collector & Historian, vol. 62, no. 2 (Summer 2010), 139-141. http://revwar75.com/library/rees/pdfs/glover.pdf

“Revolutionary War Pension File: Jeffery Brace a.k.a. Stiles (African-American soldier, 6th Connecticut Regiment),” http://www.americanrevolution.org/rees.html

Other Authors’ Monographs (African-American Soldiers)

Peter Copeland, “Lord Dunmore’s Ethiopian Regiment,” Military Collector & Historian, vol. 58, no. 4 (2006), 208-215. http://www.scribd.com/doc/199777778/Peter-Copeland-Ethiopian-Regiment-Military-Collector- Historian

Matt Thorenz, "Substitutes, Servants, and Soldiers: The Black Presence at New Windsor Cantonment in the Massachusetts and New Hampshire Lines" https://www.scribd.com/doc/245294267/Substitutes-Servants-and-Soldiers-The-Black- Presence-at-New-Windsor-Cantonment-in-the-Massachusetts-and-New-Hampshire-Lines- by-Matt-Thorenz

22 Enlistment and Conscription http://www.scribd.com/doc/125413359/J-U-Rees-Article-List-Enlistment-and-Conscription

Continental Army draft , vol. 1, 250 (300 words); German soldiers serving in British regiments, vol. 1, 424-425 (250 words); Entries in Mark M. Boatner, Encyclopedia of the American Revolution: Library of Military History, Harold E. Selesky, ed. (2nd Edition, Charles Scribner’s Sons, 2006) “Friedrich Lacour: A German Deserter with the Second New Jersey Regiment,” Journal of the Johannes Schwalm Historical Association, vol. 7, no. 4 (2004), 55-56. http://revwar75.com/library/rees/pdfs/lacour.pdf

“`The pleasure of their number’: 1778, Crisis, Conscription, and Revolutionary Soldiers’ Recollections” Part I. “’Filling the Regiments by drafts from the Militia.’: The 1778 Recruiting Acts” Part II. "’Fine, likely, tractable men.’: Levy Statistics and New Jersey Service Narratives” Part III. "He asked me if we had been discharged …”: New Jersey, Massachusetts, New York, Maryland, and North Carolina Levy Narratives” ALHFAM Bulletin, vol. XXXIII, no. 3 (Fall 2003), 23-34; no. 4 (Winter 2004), 23-34; vol. XXXIV, no. 1 (Spring 2004), 19-28. http://www.scribd.com/doc/126069484/First-Part-%E2%80%9CThe-pleasure-of-their- number%E2%80%9D-1778-Crisis-Conscription-and-Revolutionary- Soldiers%E2%80%99-Recollections-A-Preliminary-Study-Part-I-%E2%80%9CFil

http://www.scribd.com/doc/126069114/Second-Part-%E2%80%9CThe-pleasure-of-their- number%E2%80%9D-Crisis-Conscription-and-Revolutionary-Soldiers%E2%80%99- Recollections-A-Preliminary-Study-Part-II-Fine-l

http://www.scribd.com/doc/126068332/Third-Part-%E2%80%9CThe-pleasure-of-their- number%E2%80%9D-Crisis-Conscription-and-Revolutionary-Soldiers%E2%80%99- Recollections-A-Preliminary-Study-Part-III-He-aske

http://tinyurl.com/blz2gjw http://tinyurl.com/cttrxe8 http://tinyurl.com/cayayg5

"`He Come Out with us this time As a Volunteer': Soldiers Serving Without Pay in the Second New Jersey Regiment, 1777-1780," Military Collector & Historian, vol. XLV, no. 4 (Winter 1993), 154-155. http://revwar75.com/library/rees/volunteer.htm

"`The new Leveys are coming in dayly ...': The Nine Month Draft in the Second New Jersey Regiment and Maxwell's New Jersey Brigade” (Including a study of "The Use and Effect of the Nine-Month Draft in the Other Brigades of Washington's Army"), included in "I Expect to be stationed in Jersey sometime...": An Account of the Services of the New Jersey Regiment, December 1777 to June 1778, Part I MSS (1994), for which see Regimental and Battalion Studies.)

(Image, previous page.) Two of four Continental soldiers drawn in 1781 by French Sublieutenant Jean-Baptiste-Antoine de Verger, Royal Deux-Ponts Regiment. The soldier on the left has long been thought to be from the Rhode Island Regiment of 1781, that on the right of Hazen’s Canadian Regiment. Another version, found in French officer Baron Ludwig von Closen’s journal, is headed “Costumer de l’Armé Américaine en 1782.” Closen’s copy notes that the left-hand soldier belongs to a Massachusetts Continental regiment, that on the right a New Jersey regiment. Howard C. Rice and Anne S.K. Brown, eds. and trans., The American Campaigns of Rochambeau's Army 1780, 1781, 1782, 1783, vol. I (Princeton, N.J. and Providence, R.I.,: Princeton University Press, 1972), between pages 142-143 (description on page xxi). Anne S.K. Brown Military Collection, Brown University. Sidney Kaplan, The Black Presence in the Era of the American Revolution, 1770-1800 (Greenwich, Ct.: New York Graphic Society, Ltd. in Association with the Smithsonian Institution Press, 1973), 42.

24 Miscellaneous Subjects (War for American Independence)

“When the whole are completely formed, they may ground their arms …”: Grounding versus Stacking Arms in the Continental Army (With Notes on British and German Practices) https://www.scribd.com/doc/292407335/When-the-whole-are-completely-formed-they-may- ground-their-arms-When-the-whole-are-completely-formed-they-may-ground-their- arms-Groundin

“’Was not in the battles ... being a Waiter.’ Enlisted Men and Civilians as Officers’ Servants during the War for American Independence” Part 1. “Our boys bring down something to eat ...”: Overview: Field and Company Officers’ Servants https://www.scribd.com/doc/260955648/Was-not-in-the-battles-being-a-Waiter-Enlisted-Men-and-Civilians- as-Officers-Servants-during-the-War-for-American- Independence?secret_password=OJ0XV4DLMfjssaEcdU34 see also http://allthingsliberty.com/2015/04/war-as-a-waiter-soldier-servants/ Part. 2. “When the Cook has a mind to cut a figure …”: General Officers’ Personal and Household Servants (Work in progress)

"`Sospecting the prisner to be a tory ...': A Continental Army Court Martial, July 1777," The Continental Soldier, vol. IX, no. 1 (Winter/Spring 1997), 45-46, and, Military Collector & Historian, vol. 60, no. 3 (Fall 2008), 167. http://revwar75.com/library/rees/tory.htm

“`I … am Determined to serve you … If Possible.’- John Coryell (1778): General Washington’s Request for Assistance during the Valley Forge Winter,” History in the Making (The Newsletter of the New Hope Historical Society), vol. 4, no. 1 (May 2006), 4-5.

“Echoes of 1778, Three Years After,” Bravo Pastimes (Battlefield Restoration and Archaeological Volunteer Organization Newsletter), vol. 2.06 (February 2006), 3.

"`Politeness', 'Mirth' and 'Vocal Musick': Sidelights of General John Sullivan's Indian Campaign of 1779," The Continental Soldier,vol. XII, no. 1 (Spring 1999), 37-39. http://revwar75.com/library/rees/mirth.htm

“`Our wants of the common conveniences were sometimes curiously supplied …’: A Revolutionary Soldier’s Wooden Bowl,” Military Collector & Historian, vol. 61, no. 3 (Fall 2009), 210-214. Revised and published in Solebury Chronicle (Newsletter of the Solebury Township Historical Society), vol. 12, no. 1 (Winter 2010), 4-5. http://www.soleburyhistory.org/newsletter.htm (Rewritten in 2012 as “The common necessaries of life …” A Revolutionary Soldier’s Wooden Bowl,” including, “’Left sick on the Road’: An Attempt to Identify the Soldier Left at the Paxson Home, ‘Rolling Green,’ June 1778.”) http://www.scribd.com/doc/123562525/%E2%80%9CThe-common-necessaries-of-life- %E2%80%A6%E2%80%9D-A-Revolutionary-Soldier%E2%80%99s-Wooden-Bowl or http://tinyurl.com/at3dj3e 25 “’A wave struck the ship, the soup flew out of my bowl …’: Food and Accommodations for Soldiers at Sea during the War for Independence” (Including a section titled, “German Troops on Campaign in America”) https://www.scribd.com/doc/259230707/A-wave-struck-the-ship-the-soup-flew-out-of-my- bowl-Food-and-Accommodations-for-Soldiers-at-Sea-during-the-War-for-Independence- Including-a

“With Peale to Princeton: Events leading up to the battles of the Assunpink and Princeton, 2 and 3 January 1777 or Just How Did We Get Into This Mess?” https://www.scribd.com/doc/249551727/With-Peale-to-Princeton-Events-leading-up-to-the-battles- of-the-Assunpink-and-Princeton-2-and-3-January-1777-or-Just-How-Did-We-Get-Into-This-Mess

(Charles Lee at the Battle of Monmouth) "'The defective constitution of our army ...': Casting Blame for the Morning Debacle" https://www.scribd.com/doc/248758117/Charles-Lee-at-the-Battle-of-Monmouth-The- defective-constitution-of-our-army-Casting-Blame-for-the-Morning-Debacle

Other Authors’ Monographs (Miscellaneous Subjects) (War for American Independence)

Harold E. Selesky, A Demographic Survey of the Continental Army That Wintered at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, 1777-1778 (New Haven, Ct., 1987) https://www.scribd.com/doc/278478856/Harold-E-Selesky-A-Demographic-Survey-of-the- Continental-Army-That-Wintered-at-Valley-Forge-Pennsylvania-1777-1778

Miscellaneous Subjects (Not Related to the War for Independence) http://www.scribd.com/doc/125413179/J-U-Rees-Article-List-Miscellaneous-Subjects

“Our job is to keep the planes flying and if necessary, defend the airfield.” Lester E. Folkenson, Jr., War Letters, June 1943 to February 1946 Aircraft Mechanic, M.A.G. (Marine Air Group) 31 http://www.scribd.com/doc/143992218/%E2%80%9COur-job-is-to-keep-the-planes-flying- and-if-necessary-defend-the-airfield-%E2%80%9D-Lester-E-Folkenson-Jr-War- Letters-June-1943-to-February-1946-Airc and https://www.academia.edu/14387029/_Our_job_is_to_keep_the_planes_flying_and_if_nece ssary_defend_the_airfield._Lester_E._Folkenson_Jr._War_Letters_June_1943_to_Febr uary_1946_Aircraft_Mechanic_M.A.G._Marine_Air_Group_31

"Headmaster with a Heart" by Charlotte Andersen (Article on George Rowe, new headmaster of Buckingham Friends School, from the Panorama Magazine, October 1972) https://www.scribd.com/doc/290795176/Headmaster-with-a-Heart-by-Charlotte- Andersen

26 “Carols by Candlelight" (History of the Wrightstown Friends Meeting Carol Sing) https://www.scribd.com/doc/290796276/Carols-by-Candlelight

”’There was a family dance at Phillips Mill …’: Family and Township History: It’s Easy and Fun to Do,” Solebury Chronicle (Newsletter of the Solebury Township Historical Society), vol. 12, no. 3 (Fall 2010) http://soleburyhistory.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/newsletterfall2010.pdf

“’Think of me kindly for my spirit may want help ere this terrible work is done.’: Commemorating Solebury’s Soldiers,” Solebury Chronicle (Newsletter of the Solebury Township Historical Society), vol. 12, no. 2 (Spring 2010) http://www.scribd.com/doc/191677126/%E2%80%9CThink-of-me-kindly-for-my-spirit- may-want-help-ere-this-terrible-work-is-done-%E2%80%9D-Two-of- Solebury%E2%80%99s-Soldiers-Robert-Kenderdine-and-William-Tinsman Also: http://soleburyhistory.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/newsletterspring2010.pdf

“’Schickelgruber is getting the worst licking everywhere.’: A Lumberville Artist’s Letter to a Soldier, 1943,” Solebury Chronicle (Newsletter of the Solebury Township Historical Society), vol. 13, no. 1 (Winter 2011) http://www.scribd.com/doc/210921391/%E2%80%9C-Schickelgruber-is-getting-the-worst- licking-everywhere-A-Lumberville-Artist%E2%80%99s-Letter-to-a-Soldier-1943 Also: http://soleburyhistory.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/newsletterwinter2011.pdf

"’But you may Plough with ease …’: An Early 18th Century Letter from Solebury,” Solebury Chronicle (Newsletter of the Solebury Township Historical Society), vol. 13, no. 2 (Summer 2011), 4-5. http://soleburyhistory.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/newslettersummer2011.pdf

Family and Local History

“Miscellaneous Family Information: Rees Family (See also Kauth Family at end)” https://www.academia.edu/18245855/Miscellaneous_Family_Information_Rees_Family_Se e_also_Kauth_Family_at_end_

27 “Miscellaneous Family Information: The Claytons and Related Families” https://www.academia.edu/18245952/Miscellaneous_Family_Information_The_Claytons_a nd_Related_Families

“Miscellaneous Family Information: Urban Family” https://www.academia.edu/18245996/Miscellaneous_Family_Information_Urban_Family

“Miscellaneous Family Information: Folkenson Family” https://www.academia.edu/18246066/Miscellaneous_Family_Information_Folkenson_Family

“Miscellaneous Family Information: Townsend Family” https://www.academia.edu/18246126/Miscellaneous_Family_Information_Townsend_Family

“Carols by Candlelight" (History of the Wrightstown Friends Meeting Carol Sing) https://www.scribd.com/doc/290796276/Carols-by-Candlelight

28 New Jersey Brigade http://www.scribd.com/doc/125412783/J-U-Rees-Article-List-New-Jersey-Brigade

New Jersey Brigade, vol. 2, 808 (250 words), Mark M. Boatner, Encyclopedia of the American Revolution: Library of Military History, Harold E. Selesky, ed. (2nd Edition, Charles Scribner’s Sons, 2006)

(Brother Jonathan’s Images, No. 7) Major Joseph Bloomfield, 3d New Jersey Regiment (John U. Rees) Artist: Charles Willson Peale Year: 1777 Collection: Private http://www.scribd.com/doc/179477933/Brother-Jonathan%E2%80%99s-Images-No-7- Major-Joseph-Bloomfield-3d-New-Jersey-Regiment-Artist-Charles-Willson-Peale-Year- 1777-Collection-Privatel

“’The Blues offered again to fight …’: Contemporary Use of the Terms ‘Jersey Blues’ and ‘Jersey Greys’ (Appendix of Brother Jonathan’s Images, No. 7, above.)

"’The Enemy Giting intelligence of our movement ...’: Surprise at Haddonfield, April 1778” http://www.scribd.com/doc/131104556/The-Enemy-Giting-intelligence-of-our-movement- Surprise-at-Haddonfield-April-1778

“`What is this you have been about to day?’: The New Jersey Brigade at the Battle of Monmouth, 28 June 1778,” narrative and appendices available only on the World Wide Web, http://revwar75.com/library/rees/monmouth/MonmouthToc.htm

“’A very smart cannonading ensued from both sides.’: Continental Artillery at Monmouth Courthouse, 28 June 1778” (Including information on artillery attached to the New Jersey Brigade) http://www.scribd.com/doc/139365107/%E2%80%9C-A-very-smart-cannonading-ensued- from-both-sides-Continental-Artillery-at-Monmouth-Courthouse-28-June-1778- Including-information-on-artillery

“`Be pleased to fill up the vacancy with the eldest Captain in the line …’: Field Officers, Commissioned Officers, and Staff of the 2nd New Jersey Regiment December 1777 to May 1779” http://revwar75.com/library/rees/pdfs/MonmouthP.htm

29 "'The Great Neglect in provideing Cloathing': Uniform Colors and Clothing in the New Jersey Brigade During the Monmouth Campaign of 1778": "The Jersey Blues:" The New Jersey Regiments, 1755-1776 "Never...Our Proper Quantity:" The New Jersey Brigade of 1777 "The Regiments Have No Uniforms or Distinguishing Colours:" Uniform Coats and the New Jersey Brigade During 1778 “The following Articles of Cloathing …”: 1778 Nine Months Levies’ Apparel “Only a few light things in the Spring.": Clothing the Jersey Brigade’s Long Term Soldiers, 1778 Military Collector & Historian, two parts: vol. XLVI, no. 4. (Winter 1994), 163-170; vol. XLVII, no. 1 (Spring 1995), 12-20. http://revwar75.com/library/rees/neglect1.htm and http://revwar75.com/library/rees/neglect2.htm

"'One of the best in the army.': An Overview of Brigadier General William Maxwell's Jersey Brigade," The Continental Soldier, vol. XI, no. 2 (Spring 1998), 45-53 http://revwar75.com/library/rees/njbrigade.htm

"`The great distress of the Army for want of Blankets ...': Supply Shortages, Suffering Soldiers, and a Secret Mission During the Hard Winter of 1780": 1. "Our condition for want of ... Blankets is quite painful ..." Shortages in the Continental Army, 1776-1779 2. "Without even a shadow of a blanket ..." Desperate Measures to Procure Covering for the Army, 1780 Addendum. “To Colonel Morgan, for the use of the Light Infantry, twenty four Dutch Blankets & four pair of rose Blankets.”: Examples of Bed Coverings Issued to Continental Troops Endnote Extras. Note 20. Clothing New Jersey's Soldiers, Winter 1779-1780 38. The Effect of Weather on the Squan Mission Location of Squan Beach 43. Captain Bowman's Soldiers 46. Bowman's 2d New Jersey Light Company at the Battle of Connecticut Farms Military Collector & Historian, vol. 52, no. 3 (Fall 2000), 98-110. https://www.scribd.com/doc/274667902/The-great-distress-of-the-Army-for-want-of- Blankets-Supply-Shortages-Suffering-Soldiers-and-a-Secret-Mission-During-the-Hard- Winter-of-1780 or http://revwar75.com/library/rees/blanketts.htm

“`The end of the war will be the commencement of our felicity.’: Insights on Two Campaigns, Col. Israel Shreve (1779) and Lt. Col. Francis Barber (1781),” American Revolution (Magazine of the American Revolution Association), vol. 1, no. 3 (October 2009), 47-52. http://revwar75.com/library/rees/pdfs/Shreve.pdf http://www.scribd.com/doc/168698235/%E2%80%9C-The-end-of-the-war-will-be-the- commencement-of-our-felicity-Insights-on-Two-Campaigns-by-Col-Israel-Shreve-1779- and-Lt-Col-Francis-Barber-1

30 June 2013 Battle of Monmouth "Recreated New Jersey Continental Regiment Augmented With Nine-months Levies" (June 1778 Roster for Capt. Jonathan Phillips' Company, 2d New Jersey Regiment. For members and friends of the Augusta County Militia interested in portraying a New Jersey Continental company with both long-term soldiers and nine-month drafts from the militia during the 1778 Monmouth Campaign) http://www.scribd.com/doc/126071601/June-2013-Battle-of-Monmouth-Recreated-New- Jersey-Continental-Regiment-Augmented-With-Nine-months-Levies

“’I have ... got the Arms from Easton, [and] is now divideing them out.’: Clothing and Equipment Needed to Recreate a 1778 New Jersey Continental Company Augmented with Nine-Months Levies” http://www.scribd.com/doc/130606718/%E2%80%9CI-have-got-the-Arms-from-Easton- and-is-now-divideing-them-out-%E2%80%9D-Clothing-and-Equipment-Needed-to- Recreate-a-1778-New-Jersey-Continental-Compa

“`Their presence Here … Has Saved this State …’: Continental Provisional Battalions with Lafayette in Virginia, 1781” Part 1. “`This Detachement is Extremely Good …’: The Light Battalions Move South” D. “`The Fire of the Light Infantry …cheked the Enemys Progress …’: Light Battalion Composition and Service” E. “`Ill founded jealousies, and groundless suspicions.” ‘: Unrest in the Light Battalions” F. “`The Cloathing you … long ago Sent to the light infantry is not Yet Arrived.‘: Apparel and Equipment” The Brigade Dispatch, vol. XXXVI, no. 2 (Autumn 2006), 2-23. http://revwar75.com/library/rees/pdfs/light.pdf Appendices for Above 1. Diary of Soldier with Lafayette’s Light Infantry, 1781 http://revwar75.com/library/rees/pdfs/Atkins.pdf.pdf 2. Asa Redington, Scammell’s Light Infantry Regiment, 1781 http://revwar75.com/library/rees/pdfs/Redington.pdf 3. Barber’s Light Battalion, 1781 (New Jersey Light Company Personnel) http://revwar75.com/library/rees/pdfs/Barber.pdf

"Eyewitness to Battle: The Pension Depositions of Frederick Van Lew and Isaac Childs," The Brigade Dispatch, vol. XXIX, no. 3 (Autumn 1999), 18-20. http://revwar75.com/library/rees/vanlewchilds.htm

"Eyewitness to Battle: The New Jersey Brigade at Connecticut Farms and Springfield, June 1780," The Brigade Dispatch, vol. XXIX, no. 4 (Winter 1999), 20-22. http://revwar75.com/library/rees/smithandshreve.htm

“`Endeavering to Keep them from going to New York ’: The New Jersey Brigade’s Pursuit of the British Army, 18-27 June 1778” (manuscript)

“`The Combat was Renewed very Briskly ...': Maxwell's Brigade and the 1780 British Incursion into New Jersey" (manuscript)

31 "`The enemy hove in a tollerable fire ...': New Jersey Brigade Casualties in the Actions of Connecticut Farms and Springfield, June 1780" http://revwar75.com/library/rees/hove.htm

"`In reduced circumstances': Pension Papers of the Soldiers of the 2nd New Jersey Regiment" *

"`From thence to the Battle ...': Gleanings from the Pension Depositions of the Soldiers of the New Jersey Brigade for 1778" *

"Losses in the New Jersey Brigade at the Battles of: Short Hills (June 26, 1777); Brandywine (September 11, 1777); Germantown (October 4, 1777)." * http://www.scribd.com/doc/130997982/Losses-in-the-New-Jersey-Brigade-at-the-Battles-of-Short- Hills-June-26-1777-Brandywine-September-11-1777-Germantown-October-4-1777

"`They answered him with three cheers …’: New Jersey Brigade Losses in the Monmouth Campaign, 17 June to 6 July 1778" * http://revwar75.com/library/rees/NJlosses.htm

"Listing of the Names of Casualties in the 2nd New Jersey Regiment from 1777 to Spring of 1779" *

* (Note: All the above marked with an asterisk are included in "I Expect to be stationed in Jersey sometime...": An Account of the Services of the New Jersey Regiment, December 1777 to June 1778, Part I MSS (1994), for which see below.)

"’We ... wheeled to the Right to form the Line of Battle’: Colonel Israel Shreve's Journal, 23 November 1776 to 14 August 1777 (Including Accounts of the Action at the Short Hills)” Contents 1. “The Enemy Came out fired several Cannon At our Pickets”: Journal Entries, 23 November 1776 to 25 June 1777 2. Composition of Maj. Gen. William Alexander, Lord Stirling's Division, Summer 1777 3. “Our Canister shot Did Great Execution.”: The Battle of the Short Hills: Journal Entries 26 to 28 June 1777 4. “There was a steady fire on us from out of the bushes …”: A German Officer’s View of Operations in New Jersey, 24 to 28 June 1777 5. “A smart engagement ensued …”: A British Private’s View of the Short Hills Battle 6. "I propose leaving Colo. Daytons and Ogden's Regts. at Elizabeth Town … for the present ...”: Movements of the 1st and 3d New Jersey Regiments, July and August 1777 7. “Crossed Delaware [River], halted At Doctor Enhams …”: Final Journal Entries, 29 July to 14 August 1777 Addenda 1. Listing of Field Officers, Commissioned Officers, and Staff of the 2d New Jersey Regiment December 1776 to December 1777 2. Company Strengths and Dispositions, Colonel Israel Shreve's 2d New Jersey Regiment December 1776 to December 1777 3. 2d New Jersey Regiment, Monthly Strength as Taken From the Muster Rolls, December 1776 to December 1777 4. 2d New Jersey Regiment, Company Lineage, 1777 to 1779 32 5. “The Troops of this Army … Appear to Manoeuvre upon false principles …”: The State of Continental Army Field Formations and Combat Maneuver, 1777 6. Composition of British Columns at the Short Hills Action, 26 June 1777; Organization of British Light Infantry and Grenadier Battalions, Spring and Summer 1777 7. “I have sent down Lord Stirling's Division, to reinforce Genl. Maxwell …”: Summer Campaign Letters, Gen. George Washington and Virginia Captain John Chilton, plus the role of “late Ottendorff’s Corps,” 22 to 29 June 1777 8. “At sunrise the fire began …”: New Jersey Brigade Accounts of the 1777 Philadelphia Campaign 9. "Without Covering but the H[eaven's].C[anop].y and boughs of Trees …": 4th New Jersey Officer's Diary, 21 June 1777 to 18 February 1778 (plus Journal of Ensign George Ewing, 3d New Jersey, 1777-1778) http://www.scribd.com/doc/153790118/%E2%80%99We-wheeled-to-the-Right-to-form-the-Line-of- Battle%E2%80%99-Colonel-Israel-Shreve-s-Journal-23-November-1776-to-14-August-1777- Including-Accounts-of

“Receivd an Ensigncy in Capt Hagans Company Third Jersey Regt” Ensign George Ewing’s Journal, New Jersey Line, 11 November 1775 to 21 May 1778 (Published as George Ewing, The Military Journal of George Ewing (1754-1824): A Soldier of Valley Forge (Yonkers, N.Y.: Privately printed by T. Ewing, 1928)) http://www.scribd.com/doc/153505766/%E2%80%9CReceivd-an-Ensigncy-in-Capt-Hagans- Company-Third-Jersey-Regt%E2%80%9D-Ensign-George-Ewing%E2%80%99s-Journal-New- Jersey-Line-11-November-1775-to-21-May-1778-Pu

"’I Expect to be stationed in Jersey sometime...’: An Account of the Services of the Second New Jersey Regiment”: Part I. December 1777 to June 1778 (1994, unpublished, copy held in the collections of the David Library of the American Revolution, Washington Crossing, Pa.), contains seventeen appendices covering various subjects including studies of the casualties incurred by the New Jersey Brigade (1777- 1779), the uniform clothing of the New Jersey Brigade (1776-1778), the use of the nine-month draft in 1778, and names of all the officers and enlisted men of the regiment. Also included is a collection of pension narratives of the common soldiers of the New Jersey Brigade: The March to Winter Quarters: 13 December to 25 December 1777 General Orders, 20 December to 25 December 1777 Countering the "depredations of the Enemy": 23 December to 28 December 1777 The Valley Forge Camp in the Waning Days of 1777 A. General Orders: 25 December to 31 December 1777 B. "I fancy we may ... Content ourselves in these Wigwams ...": 1 January to 19 March 1778 Valley Forge in the First Months of 1778 General Orders, 1 January to 19 March 1778 "I Expect to be stationed in Jersey sometime ...": 22 March to 1 April 1778 General Orders of the Army, 20 March to 28 March 1778 "The Enemy Giting intelligence of our movement ...": 4 April to 30 May 1778 General Orders of the Army, 8 April to 6 May 1778 Reinforcements and Alarms: The Actions of Brigadier General William Maxwell and the Remainder of the Jersey Brigade, May 7 to May 24, 1778 The Institution of Nine-Month Enlistments from the New Jersey Militia, February to June 1778 Procuring Arms and Equipment for the Regiment, March to June 1778 Clothing the Men in the Spring of 1778 The Jersey Brigade is Reunited, May 28 to June 19, 1778

33 Appendices (partial list) Company Strengths and Dispositions, December 1777 to May 1779 (including tables of casualties, deserters, etc.) Monthly Regimental Strength as Taken from the Muster Rolls, December 1777 to May 1779 Listing of Field Officers, Company Officers, and Staff, December 1777 to May 1779 Company Organization, December 1777 to May 1779 A. Lineage of Companies, 1777 to 1779 B. Continuity of Company Command Through May 1779 Proportion of Men from 2nd N.J. of 1776 Who Reenlisted in 2nd N.J. of 1777 A Listing of Non-Commissioned Officers and Privates of the 2nd N.J. of 1778 Part II. “`What is this you have been about to day?’: The New Jersey Brigade at the Battle of Monmouth, 28 June 1778,” narrative and appendices available only on the World Wide Web, http://revwar75.com/library/rees/monmouth/MonmouthToc.htm Part III. "’I Expect to hear the Enemy are on the Move ...’: The New Jersey Brigade, July 1778 to June 1779,” covers the period just after the 1778 Monmouth Campaign to the unit’s departure for the 1779 expedition led by Major General John Sullivan against the Iroquois (manuscript).

Regimental, Battalion, and other Unit Studies http://www.scribd.com/doc/125409736/J-U-Rees-Article-List-Regimental-and-Battalion-Studies

Huntington’s and Parson’s Connecticut Brigades: "`None of you know the hardships of A soldiers life …’: Service of the Connecticut Regiments in Maj. Gen. Alexander McDougall’s Division, 1777-1778 (2009) “I am … Packing up my baggage in order to March”: Service on the North River, and Movement into Pennsylvania, May to September 1777 “God Grant I may Always be Preserv'd …”: The Battle of Germantown and Schuylkill Expedition, October 1777 “So small A Garrison never attaind Greater achievments …”: Forts Mifflin and Mercer, and Maneuvers in New Jersey, November 1777 “Nothing to cover us But ye heavens …”: The Whitemarsh Encampment and Early Days at Valley Forge, December 1777 “This is a very Different Spirit in the Army …”: Wintering Over at Valley Forge and Spring Training, January to June 1778 “Sixty three bullet holes were made through the colours …”: Summer Campaign and the Battle of Monmouth, June 1778 “The Troops of the whole line will exercise and manoeuvre …”: The March to New York and the White Plains Encampment, July to September 1778 “The Enemy are upon the eve of some general and important move.”: The Fredericksburgh Camp and Shifting Commanders, September to October 1778 “Their countrymen would … conclude the Devil was in them …”: McDougall’s Division Takes Post in Connecticut, October and November 1778 “Grievances … Justly complained of by your Soldiers …”: The Connecticut Line Winter Camp, December 1778 to January 1779 http://www.scribd.com/doc/111086856/YZ-List-Connecticut-Division-1777-79-Narrative- New-Longer and http://www.scribd.com/doc/111086939/YZ-List-Connecticut-Division- 1777-79-Bibliography-New

34 Lafayette’s Light Troops, 1781 and Wayne’s Pennsylvania Battalions, 1781-1783: “`Their presence Here … Has Saved this State …’: Continental Provisional Battalions with Lafayette in Virginia, 1781” Part 1. “`This Detachement is Extremely Good …’: The Light Battalions Move South” A. “`The Fire of the Light Infantry …cheked the Enemys Progress …’: Light Battalion Composition and Service” B. “`Ill founded jealousies, and groundless suspicions.” ‘: Unrest in the Light Battalions” C. “`The Cloathing you … long ago Sent to the light infantry is not Yet Arrived.‘: Apparel and Equipment” The Brigade Dispatch, vol. XXXVI, no. 2 (Autumn 2006), 2-23. http://revwar75.com/library/rees/pdfs/light.pdf Appendices for Above 1. Diary of Soldier with Lafayette’s Light Infantry, 1781 http://revwar75.com/library/rees/pdfs/Atkins.pdf.pdf 2. Asa Redington, Scammell’s Light Infantry Regiment, 1781 http://revwar75.com/library/rees/pdfs/Redington.pdf 3. Barber’s Light Battalion, 1781 (New Jersey Light Company Personnel) http://revwar75.com/library/rees/pdfs/Barber.pdf

Part 2. “`Almost all old soldiers, and well disciplined …’: Brigadier General Anthony Wayne’s 1781 Pennsylvania Provisional Battalions” A. “I fear it is now too late …”: The Pennsylvania Line Mutiny, January 1781 The Brigade Dispatch, vol. XXXVII, no. 2 (Summer 2007), 2-19. http://revwar75.com/library/rees/pdfs/PA-A.pdf Part 3. B. “Our Regiments are yet but very small …”: Settling with the Troops and Rebuilding the Line The Brigade Dispatch, vol. XXXVII, no. 4 (Winter 2007), 2-15. http://revwar75.com/library/rees/pdfs/PA-B.pdf Part 4. C. “The whole Line … behaved in a most orderly manner.”: Organizing and Disciplining the Pennsylvania Provisional Battalions for the 1781 Campaign The Brigade Dispatch, vol. XXXVIII, no. 1 (Spring 2008), 2-21. http://revwar75.com/library/rees/pdfs/PA-C.pdf Appendices for 1781 Pennsylvania Battalions 1. “`A Smart firing commenc’d from from both parties …’: Brig. Gen. Anthony Wayne’s Pennsylvania Battalions in Virginia, June to November 1781” Contents: A. “We will be much inferior to the enemy …”: May 31 to July 5 1781 B. “A charge … under a heavy fire of Grape shot …”: Battle of Green Springs, 6 July 1781 C. “Cornwallis … threatens every Devastation that fire & sword can produce …”: Marching and Countermarching, 9 July to 25 August D. “The batteries were opened and fired with great success …”: September to November 1781 E. “The Cloathing was drawn near twelve month ago …”: 1780-1781 Pennsylvania Clothing, Letters and Returns http://revwar75.com/library/rees/pdfs/Virginia.pdf

35 Appendices (continued) 2. “`The British army marched out and grounded their arms …’: Pennsylvania Lt. William Feltman’s Diary, 26 May to 5 November 1781” http://revwar75.com/library/rees/pdfs/Feltman.pdf 3. “`Pennsylvania Battalion Troop Returns, 1781-1783’: (In Camp and on Campaign in Pennsylvania, Virginia, and South Carolina)” http://revwar75.com/library/rees/pdfs/Returns.pdf (Pennsylvania Battalion series continued) (Future article) D. “We pick’d a Quarrel with the British …”: With Lafayette in Virginia, June to December 1781 (Future article) E. “Trivial skirmishes happen daily but nothing worth relating …”: Operations in South Carolina, January to September 1782 (Future article) F. “Now incorporated into one regiment of six hundred men …”: Winding Down, October 1782 to November 1783

Lafayette’s Light Division, 1780: “`Firm built men inur'd to the Field ...’: The Embodied Corps of Light Infantry, 1780” (manuscript)

2nd New Jersey Regiment: "’I Expect to be stationed in Jersey sometime...’: An Account of the Services of the Second New Jersey Regiment”: Part I. December 1777 to June 1778 (1994, unpublished, copy held in the collections of the David Library of the American Revolution, Washington Crossing, Pa.), contains seventeen appendices covering various subjects including studies of the casualties incurred by the New Jersey Brigade (1777-1779), the uniform clothing of the New Jersey Brigade (1776-1778), the use of the nine-month draft in 1778, and names of all the officers and enlisted men of the regiment. Also included is a collection of pension narratives of the common soldiers of the New Jersey Brigade: The March to Winter Quarters: 13 December to 25 December 1777 General Orders, 20 December to 25 December 1777 Countering the "depredations of the Enemy": 23 December to 28 December 1777 The Valley Forge Camp in the Waning Days of 1777 A. General Orders: 25 December to 31 December 1777 B. "I fancy we may ... Content ourselves in these Wigwams ...": 1 January to 19 March 1778 Valley Forge in the First Months of 1778 General Orders, 1 January to 19 March 1778 "I Expect to be stationed in Jersey sometime ...": 22 March to 1 April 1778 General Orders of the Army, 20 March to 28 March 1778 "The Enemy Giting intelligence of our movement ...": 4 April to 30 May 1778 General Orders of the Army, 8 April to 6 May 1778 Reinforcements and Alarms: The Actions of Brigadier General William Maxwell and the Remainder of the Jersey Brigade, May 7 to May 24, 1778 The Institution of Nine-Month Enlistments from the New Jersey Militia, February to June 1778 Procuring Arms and Equipment for the Regiment, March to June 1778 Clothing the Men in the Spring of 1778 The Jersey Brigade is Reunited, May 28 to June 19, 1778

36 Appendices (partial list) Company Strengths and Dispositions, December 1777 to May 1779 (including tables of casualties, deserters, etc.) Monthly Regimental Strength as Taken from the Muster Rolls, December 1777 to May 1779 Listing of Field Officers, Company Officers, and Staff, December 1777 to May 1779 Company Organization, December 1777 to May 1779 A. Lineage of Companies, 1777 to 1779 B. Continuity of Company Command Through May 1779 Proportion of Men from 2nd N.J. of 1776 Who Reenlisted in 2nd N.J. of 1777 A Listing of Non-Commissioned Officers and Privates of the 2nd N.J. of 1778 Part II. “`What is this you have been about to day?’: The New Jersey Brigade at the Battle of Monmouth, 28 June 1778,” narrative and appendices available only on the World Wide Web, http://revwar75.com/library/rees/monmouth/MonmouthToc.htm Part III. "’I Expect to hear the Enemy are on the Move ...’: The New Jersey Brigade, July 1778 to June 1779,” covers the period just after the 1778 Monmouth Campaign to the unit’s departure for the 1779 expedition led by Major General John Sullivan against the Iroquois (manuscript).

5th Pennsylvania Battalion of 1776: “The Fifth Pennsylvania Battalion of 1776” (1987, unpublished, copy held in the collections of the David Library of the American Revolution, Washington Crossing, Pa., U.S. Military History Institute, Carlisle, Pa., and Spruance Library, Bucks County Historical Society, Doylestown, Pa.) Including a 65 page narrative history, 5 page appendix and 31 page addenda with 12 maps, 6 charts and 2 illustrations. Including A Brief Itinerary of the 6th Pennsylvania Regiment of 1777 (unpublished, 1991): Formation Equipment and Clothing Beginning of Active Service, June 1776 Action on Long Island, 27 to 30 August 1776 The American Evacuation of New York, 30 August to 16 September 1776 Council of War and Condition of the Army Service on the Lines, 13 September to 8 October 1776 The British Move: Prelude to Fort Washington, 9 October to 4 November 1776 The Fall of Fort Washington, 18 October to 16 November 1776 Prisoners of War, 16 to 19 November 1776 Parole and Release of the Prisoners, 20 November 1776 to 2 June 1777 Appendices Chronology of the 5th Pennsylvania Battalion Brief History of the 6th Pennsylvania Regiment of 1777 Miscellaneous Information Names and Service of 5th Pennsylvania Battalion Officers Battalion Strength Returns, 28 May to 15 November 1776 Bibliography for Narrative List of Muster Rolls and Sources for Same Alphabetical Listing of Known Personnel Material from Nathaniel Vansandt Papers Letters to and from Thomas Mifflin and William Heath List of 5th Pennsylvania Battalion Soldiers Likely Reenlisted in 6th Regiment of 1777 https://www.academia.edu/18735173/_The_Fifth_Pennsylvania_Battalion_of_1776_ or https://www.scribd.com/doc/290762089/5th-Penna-Battalion-1776-Two

37 6th Pennsylvania Regiment, 1777 1. "Revolutionary Services of Captain John Markland" 2. "Brief History of the 6th Pennsylvania Regiment of 1777" 3. "Return of Clothing delivered to NCO’s and Privates of Capt. Jacob Bower’s Company, 6th Pennsylvania Regt. in 1777 " (Transcribed by John U. Rees) https://www.scribd.com/doc/259067396/6th-Pennsylvania-Regiment-1777-to-1783- Revolutionary-Services-of-Captain-John- Markland?secret_password=7eVCzzepODSEDDfBo5gD

1st Pennsylvania Regiment of 1777: Documentation of the Clothing Worn by the1st Pennsylvania Regiment of 1777 (unpublished, 1991), 15 pages.

Reflections on the Clothing Worn by the Soldiers of the Rifle Company of the 1st Pennsylvania Regiment of 1777 with Additional Thoughts Concerning Riflemen in the Continental Army (unpublished, 1994), 43 pages with 1 map and 17 illustrations. (manuscript)

Other Authors’ Monographs (Regimental, Battalion, and other Unit Studies)

Eric Manders, 'Notes on Troop Units in the Flying Camp, 1776,' Military Collector & Historian, vol. XXVI, no. 1 (Spring 1974), 9-13. http://www.scribd.com/doc/205416927/Eric-Manders-Notes-on-Troop-Units-in-the-Flying- Camp-1776-Military-Collector-Historian-vol-XXVI-no-1-Spring-1974

Francis E. Devine, "The Pennsylvania Flying Camp, July-November 1776," Pennsylvania History. Vol. 46, no. 1 (Jan. 1979), 59-78. http://www.scribd.com/doc/205415374/Francis-E-Devine-The-Pennsylvania-Flying-Camp- July-November-1776-Pennsylvania-History-Vol-46-no-1-Jan-1979

Steven Rosswurm, "The Philadelphia Militia, 1775-1783: Active Duty and Active Radicalism," from Ronald Hoffman and Peter J. Albert, eds., Arms and Independence: The Military Character of the American Revolution (University Press of Virginia, 1984) https://www.scribd.com/doc/236074704/Steven-Rosswurm-The-Philadelphia-Militia-1775- 1783-Active-Duty-and-Active-Radicalism

Tucker F. Hentz, “Unit History of the Maryland and Virginia Rifle Regiment (1776–1781): Insights from the Service Record of Capt. Adamson Tannehill” https://www.scribd.com/doc/241839243/Tucker-F-Hentz-Unit-History-of-the-Maryland- and-Virginia-Rifle-Regiment-1776-1781-Insights-from-the-Service-Record-of-Capt- Adamson-Tannehill

38 Miscellaneous Military Material Culture http://www.scribd.com/doc/125409549/J-U-Rees-Article-List-Military-Material-Culture

Resource File: Examples of Continental Army Camp Equipage and Vehicle Returns, 1775- 1781 (John U. Rees) http://www.scribd.com/doc/223095304/Resource-File-Examples-of- Continental-Army-Camp-Equipage-and-Vehicle-Returns-1776-1781-John-U-Rees

“’Cost of a Knapsack complete …’: Notes on Continental Army Packs and the Soldiers’ Burden” Part 1. “This Napsack I carryd through the war of the Revolution” Knapsacks Used by the Soldiers during the War for American Independence a. Overview b. Knapsacks and Tumplines, Massachusetts, 1775 c. The Uhl Knapsack d. Leather and Hair Packs, and Ezra Tilden’s Narrative e. The Rufus Lincoln and Elisha Gross Hair Knapsacks f. The “new Invented Napsack and haversack,” 1776 g. The Benjamin Warner Linen Pack h. British Linen Knapsacks Appendices a. Carrying Blankets in or on Knapsacks. b. “Like a Pedlar's Pack.”: Blanket Rolls and Slings c. More Extant Artifacts with Revolutionary War Provenance or with a Design Similar to Knapsacks Used During the War d. Extant Knapsacks Discounted as having Revolutionary War Provenance http://www.scribd.com/doc/210794759/%E2%80%9C-This-Napsack-I-carryd-through-the- war-of-the-Revolution-Knapsacks-Used-by-the-Soldiers-during-the-War-for-American- Independence-Part-1-of-%E2%80%9C-Cos

(Projected additions to knapsack series.) Part 2. “I have a Number of Women employ’d in making Knapsacks …” Miscellaneous General Orders and Notes on Knapsack Manufacture and Supply Part 3. “Complement of necessaries, etc., for the soldier.” What the Troops Were Supposed to be Issued Part 4. “Spare cloathing and necessaries ..." Personal and Other Items Carried in Continental and Militia Soldiers’ Knapsacks Part 5. "A habersack for Each Soldier" Ways and Means of Carrying Food, and the Burden of Rations Part 6. "We had always, in the army, to carry our cooking utensils in our hands" Cooking Gear and Other Items Carried by the Troops Part 7. “On foot, with my pack and large blanket at my back …” Officers Carrying Knapsacks

“The ‘new Invented Napsack and haversack,’ 1776.” https://www.academia.edu/21701404/New_Invented_Knapsack_and_Haversack_1776 or http://www.scribd.com/doc/217351637/The-%E2%80%9Cnew-Invented-Napsack-and- haversack-%E2%80%9D-1776

39 Blankets, vol. 1, 77-78 (250 words); Cartridge boxes, pouches, canisters, vol. 1, 173-174 (250 words); Knapsacks and the soldiers’ burden, vol. 1, 591 (300 words); Entries in, Mark M. Boatner, Encyclopedia of the American Revolution: Library of Military History, Harold E. Selesky, ed. (2nd Edition, Charles Scribner’s Sons, 2006)

“`That damned blue Regiment …’: Continental Army Clothing during the Monmouth Campaign,” Appendix M of, "’What is this you have been about to day?’: The New Jersey Brigade at the Battle of Monmouth,” http://revwar75.com/library/rees/monmouth/MonmouthToc.htm

"`White Wollen,' 'Striped Indian Blankets,' 'Rugs and Coverlids': The Variety of Continental Army Blankets," The Brigade Dispatch, vol. XXVI, no. 4 (Winter 2000), 11-14. http://www.revwar75.com/library/rees/variety.htm

“To Colonel Morgan, for the use of the Light Infantry, twenty four Dutch Blankets & four pair of rose Blankets.”: Examples of Bed Coverings Issued to Continental Troops https://www.scribd.com/doc/273957204/To-Colonel-Morgan-for-the-use-of-the-Light- Infantry-twenty-four-Dutch-Blankets-four-pair-of-rose-Blankets-Examples-of-Bed- Coverings-Issued-to?secret_password=xY0eynb69XnvEPEOnKFY

“Images and Descriptions of Wool Blankets and Wool, Wool/Linen Coverlets in the American Textile History Museum, Lowell, Massachusetts (The Chace Catalogue)” https://www.scribd.com/doc/273789670/Images-and-Descriptions-of-Wool-Blankets-and- Wool-Wool-Linen-Coverlets?secret_password=9AeF0J9Ae2vyuCCoKqRC

40 “A Quantity of Tow Cloth, for the Purpose of making of Indian or Hunting Shirts …”: Proper Terminology: Hunting shirt, Rifle Shirt, Rifle Frock … ? http://www.scribd.com/doc/241410261/A-Quantity-of-Tow-Cloth-for-the-Purpose-of- making-of-Indian-or-Hunting-Shirts-Proper-Terminology-Hunting-shirt-Rifle-Shirt- Rifle-Frock?secret_password=B5Ass1zGmYgykkILpBjz

“Continental Soldiers' Milled Wool Caps, 1778," The Brigade Dispatch, vol. XXX, no. 2 (Summer 2000), 16-17.

"On the Use of Tin Cartridge Boxes in the Continental Army," Military Collector & Historian, vol. XLII, no. 4 (Winter 1990), 150-51. Illustration by Ross Hamel.

“’To hold thirty-six cartridges of powder and ball …’: Continental Army Tin and Sheet-Iron Canisters, 1775-1780” Also including: 1. “They will … scarcely last one Campaign.” The Problem of Poorly-Made Continental Army Cartridge Pouches and Introduction of the New Model Box 2. “The tin magazines … preserve the ammunition from wet … better than any other.” Miscellania Concerning Crown Forces and Tin Canisters. 3. Alternative Names for Tin/Iron Cartridge Boxes 4. “Carried by Moses Currier in the Rev. War.”: Descriptions of Extant Canisters http://www.scribd.com/doc/145591110/%E2%80%9C-To-hold-thirty-six-cartridges-of-powder- and-ball-%E2%80%A6-Continental-Army-Tin-and-Sheet-Iron-Canisters-1775-1780

"The Care and Cleaning of Firelocks in the 18th Century: A Discussion of Period Methods and Their Present Day Applications," published in The Brigade Dispatch, vol. XXII, no. 2 (Summer 1991), 2-11, and Muzzleloader, vol. XXI, no. 4, (September/October 1994), 62-66. To be updated as “`The first object … should be to clean your Arms …’: The Care and Cleaning of Firelocks in the 18th Century” (work in progress) https://www.scribd.com/doc/292985859/The-Care-and-Cleaning-of-Firelocks-in-the-18th- Century-A-Discussion-of-Period-Methods-and-Their-Present-Day-Applications

"’The taylors of the regiment’: Insights on Soldiers Making and Mending Clothing, and Continental Army Clothing Supply, 1776 to 1783,” Military Collector & Historian, vol. 63, no. 4 (Winter 2011), 254-265. http://www.scribd.com/doc/131742393/The-taylors-of-the-regiment-Insights-on-Soldiers- Making-and-Mending-Clothing-and-Continental-Army-Clothing-Supply-1778-to-1783

41 "`That the Soldiers may Know... Respect': Military Courtesies Shown to Officers by Enlisted Men in the Continental Army," The Brigade Dispatch, vol. XXIII, no. 3 (Summer 1992), 11-13, 19.

"Shoulder Arms of the Officers of the Continental Army (With some mention of bayonets and the lack thereof)," The Brigade Dispatch, vol. XXIII, no. 1 (Winter 1992), 12-14.

"Firelocks in the Continental Army: Their Supply, Care and Condition," The Continental Soldier, two parts: vol. 4, no. 1 (Winter, 1991), 19-26; vol. 4, no. 2 (Spring 1992), 20-25.

“`Taking to the field only what is essential for decency and comfort …’: Officers’ Food, Mess, and Campaign Equipage during the American War, 1775-1783” (work in progress) Part 1. “’Those necessaries only which cannot be dispensed with …’: Revolutionary Officers' Campaign Experience and Equipage” 1. “Things necessary for a Gentleman to be furnished with …”: Officers’ Kit for Regimental Service 2. “Divers officers are intitled to two horse wagons …”: Equipment Carriage 3. “The Absurdity of heavy Baggage …”: American and British Attempts to Reduce Excess Baggage 4."The officers must be satisfied walking …”: Allotment of Horses 5. British Officers’ Campaign Equipage and Living Conditions. 6. American Campaign Gear and Conditions Part 2. "’A better repast …’: Continental Army Field and Company Officers’ Fare” Part 3. “’The repast was in the English fashion’: Revolutionary General Officers’ Culinary Equipage in Camp and on Campaign” 1. “Plates, once tin but now Iron …”: General Washington’s Mess Equipment 2. “40 Dozens Lemons, in a Box”: British Generals’ Provisions and Mess Equipage 3. “My poor cook is almost always sick …”: General Riedesel Goes to America 4. “A Major General & family”: Nathanael Greene’s Food Ware

“’A very smart cannonading ensued from both sides.’: Continental Artillery at Monmouth Courthouse, 28 June 1778” (Including information on artillery attached to the New Jersey Brigade) https://www.scribd.com/doc/139365107/A-very-smart-cannonading-ensued-from-both-sides- Continental-Artillery-at-Monmouth-Courthouse-28-June-1778 (Originally published in Military Collector & Historian, vol. 60, no. 1 (Spring 2008), 38-39.

"The Use of Tumplines or Blanket Slings by Light Troops," The Continental Soldier, vol. VIII, no. 2 (Summer 1995), 27-29.

Other Authors’ Monographs (Miscellaneous Military Material Culture)

James L. Kochan, “The French-nade “Lottery” Uniforms of the Continental Army, 1777-1779: Their Procurement, Distribution, Cut and Construction” https://www.scribd.com/doc/272894004/James-L-Kochan-The-French-nade-Lottery-Uniforms-of- the-Continental-Army-1777-1779-Their-Procurement-Distribution-Cut-and- Construction?secret_password=ncfzkaywDy7jwyPYpnZ5

42 Matthew Keagle, “The Regimental Coat of the 4th Connecticut Regiment, 1777-1778” https://www.scribd.com/doc/270642133/Matt-Keagle-The-Regimental-Coat-of-the-4th- Connecticut-Regiment-Guidelines?secret_password=GLx66vu3DQvljLCwPaC6

(Living History) 4th Connecticut Regiment, 1778, Valley Forge Clothing and Equipment Guidelines https://www.scribd.com/doc/279331484/Living-History-4th-Connecticut-Regiment-1778-Valley- Forge-Guidelines?secret_password=m11egDa6UNMVMl0GKs6O

Al Saguto, “The Seventeenth Century Snapsack” (January 1989) http://www.scribd.com/doc/212328948/Al-Saguto-The-Seventeenth-Century-Snapsack-January- 1989

Bob McDonald, “’The arms and accouterments belonging to the United States shall be stamped …’: Markings on Continental Army Muskets” http://www.scribd.com/doc/181283657/Bob-McDonald-%E2%80%9CThe-arms-and- accouterments-belonging-to-the-United-States-shall-be-stamped-%E2%80%A6%E2%80%9D- Markings-on-Continental-Army-Muskets

Bob McDonald, “A Primer on French Firelocks Supplied to the Continental Army” https://www.scribd.com/doc/274797195/Bob-McDonald-A-Primer-on-French-Firelocks-Supplied- to-the-Continental-Army

Ross K. Harper, “An Early New England Pouch and Toolkit,” Museum of the Fur Trade Quarterly, vol. 46, no. 3 (Fall 2010) 6-14. http://www.scribd.com/doc/220871791/Ross-K-Harper- %E2%80%9CAn-Early-New-England-Pouch-and-Toolkit-%E2%80%9D-Museum-of-the-Fur- Trade-Quarterly-vol-46-no-3-Fall-2010-6-14

“The Battle of Germantown” Stephen R. Gilbert, “An Analysis of the Xavier della Gatta Paintings of the Battles of Paoli and Germantown, 1777: Part II,” Military Collector & Historian, vol. XLVII, no. 4 (Winter 1995), 146- 162. http://www.scribd.com/doc/209914033/%E2%80%9CThe-Battle-of-Germantown%E2%80%9D- by-Xavier-della-Gatta-Stephen-R-Gilbert-%E2%80%9CAn-Analysis-of-the-Xavier-della-Gatta- Paintings-of-the-Battles-of-Paoli-and-Ger

James L. Kochan, “The Belted Waistcoat,” Military Collector & Historian, vol. 33, no. 4 (Winter 1981), 178-179. https://www.scribd.com/doc/274674172/James-L-Kochan-The-Belted-Waistcoat

43 Frank Packer, “Benjamin Warner Knapsack,” Military Artifact (newsletter, No.2 Mk.IV (December 1997)(Addendum by John U. Rees) https://www.academia.edu/14462141/Warner_Knapsack

Court Martial of Capt. John F.D. Smyth, Queen’s Rangers, 4 to 8 May 1779. Courtesy of Todd W. Braisted (http://www.royalprovincial.com/) http://www.scribd.com/doc/241297441/Court-Martial-of-Capt-John-F-D-Smyth-Queen-s-Rangers- 4-to-8-May-1779-Courtesy-of-Todd-W-Braisted-http-www-royalprovincial- com?secret_password=HsfW9Z3s3dUEqlnPKxrM

44 Tactics and Military Manuals http://www.scribd.com/doc/125409340/J-U-Rees-Article-List-Military-Tactics-and- Manuals

Military manuals, vol. 2, 721-722 (250 words); Tactics and maneuvers, vol. 2, 1137-1138 (300 words); Entries in, Mark M. Boatner, Encyclopedia of the American Revolution: Library of Military History, Harold E. Selesky, ed. (2nd Edition, Charles Scribner’s Sons, 2006)

“`Knowledge necessary to a soldier …’: The Continental Officer’s Military Reading List, 1775-1778,” Military Collector & Historian, vol. 59, no. 1 (Spring 2007), 65-71. http://www.scribd.com/doc/124458058/YZ-List-Military-Manuals-Plus-Cavalry-New

“’Our Troops were drawn upon a Battalion … supported by solid Colums …’: Continental Army Training, Tactics, and Field Maneuvers, 1776 to 1782” (manuscript)

Military Treatises http://www.scribd.com/doc/125409340/J-U-Rees-Article-List-Military-Tactics-and- Manuals

Ira D. Gruber, “The Education of Sir Henry Clinton,” Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester, vol. 72, no. 1 (Spring 1990) https://www.scribd.com/doc/290802750/Ira-D-Gruber-The-Education-of-Sir-Henry-Clinton- Bulletin-of-the-John-Rylands-University-Library-of-Manchester-vol-72-no-1-Spring-1990

Steuben's original Instructions March-April 1778, as written in regimental order books at Valley Forge (Transcribed by Matthew Murphy, February 2003; Transcription of original manuscript of Steuben's Discipline) http://www.scribd.com/doc/125728661/Steuben-s-original-Instructions-March-April-1778-as- written-in-regimental-order-books-at-Valley-Forge-Transcribed-by-Matthew-Murphy-February- 2003

Steuben s Regulations for the Order and Discipline of Troops 1807; Later edition of Maj. Gen. Friedrich Wilhelm de Steuben's Manual of Exercise and Maneuver (substantially the same as the Blue Book published in 1779) http://www.scribd.com/doc/125728492/Steuben-s-Regulations-for-the-Order-and-Discipline-of- Troops-1807

Townshend's Light Infantry Instructions, 15 May 1772; Nascent British light infantry doctrine, 1772 http://www.scribd.com/doc/125727710/Townshend-s-Light-Infantry-Instructions-15-May-1772- New

Light Infantry Discipline Established by Major General Howe 1774; British light infantry exercise used during the War for American Independence http://www.scribd.com/doc/125727528/Light-Infantry-Discipline-Established-by-Major-General- Howe-1774

45 Cuthbertson’s System for the Complete Interior Management and Oeconomy of a Battalion of Infantry (Bristol, 1776) http://www.scribd.com/doc/228496507/Cuthbertson-s-System-for-the- Complete-Interior-Management-and-Oeconomy-of-a-Battalion-of-Infantry-Bristol-1776

The Manual Exercise, as Ordered by His Majesty, in 1764. Together with plans and explanations of the method generally practis’d at reviews and field-days &C., Edward Harvey, Adjutant- General (New York, 1780) http://www.scribd.com/doc/228494290/The-Manual-Exercise-as- Ordered-by-His-Majesty-in-1764-Together-with-plans-and-explanations-of-the-method-generally- practis-d-at-reviews-and-field-d

A Plan and Discipline for the Use of the Norfolk Militia. In three parts. Part I. Containing The Manual Exercise, with Explanations. The Officers’ Exercise, and Manner of Saluting, And the Halbert Exercise. Part II. Method of Teaching the Exercise. Rules and Directions for Marching and Wheeling. The Prussian and oblique Steps. Marching, Counter-marching, and Wheeling by Platoons. Exercise by Single Companies. Part III. Reviewing, Forming the Battalion, Firings, Evolutions, Mounting and Relieving a Guard, Standing Orders, &c. by William Windham, Esq; and the Right. Hon. George Townshend, the Lord Lieut. Of Ireland (Second edition: Whitehall, 1768) http://www.scribd.com/doc/228495181/A-Plan-and-Discipline-for-the-Use-of-the-Norfolk-Militia- In-three-parts-Part-I-Containing-The-Manual-Exercise-with-Explanations-The-Officers

A Treatise of Artillery …, by John Muller, Professor of Artillery and Fortification, and Preceptor of Engineering, &c. to His Royal Highness the Duke of Gloucester (London, 1768) http://www.scribd.com/doc/228493794/A-Treatise-of-Artillery-by-John-Muller-Professor-of- Artillery-and-Fortification-and-Preceptor-of-Engineering-c-to-His-Royal-Highness-the-Duke

Johann Ewald, A Treatise Upon the Duties of Light Troops: Translated from the German of Colonel von Ehwald, of the Danish Sleswick Yager Corps, and Knight of the Hessian Order Pour le Merite (London, 1803) http://www.scribd.com/doc/228492951/Johann-Ewald-A-Treatise-Upon-the-Duties-of-Light- Troops-Translated-from-the-German-of-Colonel-von-Ehwald-of-the-Danish-Sleswick-Yager- Corps-and-Kn

A View of the Diseases of the Army in Great Britain, America, the West-Indies, and on board of King’s Ships and Transports, from the beginning of the late war to the present time, together with monthly and annual returns of the sick and some account of the method in which they were treated in the Twenty Ninth Regiment, and the Third Battalion of the Sixtieth Regiment, by Thomas Dickson Reide, surgeon to the First Battalion of the First (or Royal) Regiment of Foot (London, 1793) http://www.scribd.com/doc/228491343/A-View-of-the-Diseases-of-the-Army-in-Great-Britain- America-the-West-Indies-and-on-board-of-King-s-Ships-and-Transports-from-the-beginning-of- the 46 Lewis Lochee, An Essay on Castrametation (London, 1778) (British treatise on tents and encampments.) https://www.scribd.com/doc/262114106/Lewis-Lochee-An-Essay-on-Castrametation- London-1778

Transportation http://www.scribd.com/doc/125409123/J-U-Rees-Article-List-Army-Transportation

Transport (wheeled), vol. 1, 1159-1160 (750 words); Watercraft on inland waterways, vol. 2, 1243-1244 (750 words); Entries in, Mark M. Boatner, Encyclopedia of the American Revolution: Library of Military History, Harold E. Selesky, ed. (2nd Edition, Charles Scribner’s Sons, 2006)

"`Employed in carrying cloathing & provisions': Wagons and Watercraft During the War for Independence" (abbreviated article): Part I. "`Country Waggons,' `Tumbrils,' and `Philadelphia Carts': Wheeled Transport in The Armies of the Revolution," ALHFAM Bulletin, vol. XXIX, no. 3 (Fall 1999), 4-9, and The Continental Soldier, vol. XII, no. 2 (Winter 1999), 18-25. http://www.continentalline.org/articles/article.php?date=9902&article=990202 Part II. "Sloops, `Scows,' `Batteaux,' and `Pettyaugers': Continental Army Rivercraft, 1775-1782," ALHFAM Bulletin, vol. XXIX, no. 4 (Winter 2000), 8-16, and The Continental Soldier, vol. XIII, no. 1 (Winter/Spring 2000), 34-46. http://www.continentalline.org/articles/article.php?date=0001&article=000101

“’Make use of Pack-Horses as far as may be practicable ...’: Baggage Carried on Horseback during the American War, 1776 to 1781” Contents American Campaigns, 1755-1764. The British Army in 1776. The 1777 Campaign. Marching Through New Jersey, 1778. Going Against the Iroquois, 1779. Continental Army, 1780-1782. Cornwallis’s Campaigns, 1781. Addenda: Miscellaneous Pack Saddle Images and Narratives http://www.scribd.com/doc/132177295/%E2%80%9C-Make-use-of-Pack-Horses-as-far-as-may- be-practicable-Baggage-Carried-on-Horseback-during-the-American-War-1776-to-1781

“`You will extend your Enquiry to the Number and Kind of Waggons …’: Wheeled Vehicles in the Armies of the Revolution” (manuscript)

47 "`The uses and conveniences of different kinds of Water Craft’: Continental Army Vessels on Inland Waterways, 1775-1782” http://www.scribd.com/doc/208475142/The-uses-and-conveniences-of-different-kinds-of- Water-Craft-Continental-Army-Vessels-on-Inland-Waterways-1775-1782 Table of Contents: (page) 1 Introduction 2-8 “In transporting of stores.”: Sailing Vessels 3 Sloop 4 Schooner 4 Pettiauger 8 Shallop 8-11 “A Thirty two Pounder in the Bow ”: Rowed Vessels for River Defense 8 Gunboat 9 Galley 11 Xebec 12-34 “4 Wagons & Horses, and 1000 Men at a Try.” Flat-Bottomed Transport for Soldiers, Supplies, and Vehicles 12-16 Ferry Boats and River Crossings 16-19 Scows and Flatbottom Boats 19-20 Barge 20-22 Durham Boat 22-28 Bateaux 28-34 Wagon Boat 34-52 1781 Campaign: Bateaux, Flat Boats, Wagon Boats and Other Craft 52-54 “For the purpose of sounding Haverstraw Bar.”: Miscellaneous Small Craft 52-53 Whale Boat 53 Skiff 53 Rowboat 53 Wherry 54 Round-futtock Boat 54-57 “The best Oars men in the Army”: Soldiers Serving in Boat Crews and at Ferries 57-58 Conclusion 59-64 Addendum 59-60 I. British Military Flatboats and Landing Craft 60-64 II. More on Bateaux in the 1776 New York and Canadian Campaign 64-77 Endnotes

“`Little chariots painted red …’: Continental Army Vehicle Paint Colors,” Military Collector & Historian, vol. 60, no. 2 (Summer 2008), 154-156. http://revwar75.com/library/rees/pdfs/paint.pdf

48 3. Progress, June 19, 1778. 4. “Crost the dilliware pushed on about 5 milds …”: June 20, 1778: Progress and a River Crossing 5. “4 Wagons & Horses, and 1000 Men at a Try.”: The Mechanics of Ferrying an Army 6. “Halt on the first strong ground after passing the Delaware ...”: June 20th River Crossing 7. “The number of boats … will render the passage of the troops very expeditious.”: June 21st Ferry Operation 8. “The Troops are passing the River … and are mostly over.”: June 22d Crossing 9. “The Army will march off …”: June 22d and 23d, Camp at Amwell Meeting 10. “Just after we halted we sent out a large detachment …”: Camp and Council: Hopewell Township, 23 to 24 June 11. “Giving the Enemy a stroke is a very desireable event …”: Advancing to Englishtown, 24 to 28 June e. Progress, June 25, 1778. f. Progress, June 26, 1778. g. Progress, June 27, 1778. h. Forward to Battle, June 28, 1778. 12. “Our advanced Corps … took post in the evening on the Monmouth Road …”: Movements of Continental Detachments Followng the British, 24 to 28 June 1778 c. The Advance Force: Scott’s, Wayne’s, Lafayette’s, and Lee’s Detachments. d. Daily Movements of Detachments Later Incorporated into Lee’s Advanced Corps. 13. Echoes of 1778, Three Years After. Addendum 1. Driving Directions, Continental Army Route from Valley Forge to Englishtown 2. Day by Day Recap of Route 3. The Road to Hopewell. 4. The Bungtown Road Controversy. 5. Weather During the Monmouth Campaign 6. Selected Accounts of the March from Valley Forge to Englishtown a. Fifteen-year-old Sally Wister b. Surgeon Samuel Adams, 3rd Continental Artillery c. Henry Dearborn, lt. colonel, 3rd New Hampshire Regiment d. Captain Paul Brigham, 8th Connecticut Regiment e. Sergeant Ebenezer Wild, 1st Massachusetts Regiment f. Sgt. Jeremiah Greenman, 2d Rhode Island Regiment g. Dr. James McHenry, assistant secretary to General Washington 7. List of Related works by the author on military material culture and the Continental Army Endnotes contain: 1. Army General and Brigade Orders, June 1778. a. Orders Regulating the Army on the March from Valley Forge. b. Orders Issued During the Movement from Valley Forge to Englishtown. 2. Division and Brigade Composition for Washington’s Main Army to 22 June 1778 3. Washington’s army vehicle allotment for the march to Coryell’s Ferry, 4. Wheeled Transportation (a primer on the vehicles and artillery on the road to Monmouth, including twenty-one illustrations) 5. Division and Brigade Composition for Washington’s Main Army after 22 June 1778

Other Authors’ Monographs (Transportation)

Don H. Berkebile, "Conestoga Wagons in Braddock's Campaign, 1755," United States National Museum Bulletin, no. 218 (Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 1959) http://www.scribd.com/doc/153819233/Don-H-Berkebile-Conestoga-Wagons-in-Braddock-s- Campaign-1755 49 Hugh Boscawen, “The Origins of the Flat-Bottomed Landing Craft 1757-58,” Army Museum ’84 (Journal of the National Army Museum, Royal Hospital Road, London, UK, 1985), 23-30. http://www.scribd.com/doc/222794851/Hugh-Boscawen-The-Origins-of-the-Flat-Bottomed- Landing-Craft-1757-58-Army-Museum-84-Journal-of-the-National-Army-Museum-Royal- Hospital-Road-Lo

Soldiers’ Shelter http://www.scribd.com/doc/125408707/J-U-Rees-Article-List-Soldiers-Shelter

"`Soldiers are ingenious animals.’: American Civil War Campaign Shelters,” Comparative Use of Makeshift Shelters, 1755 to 1812 "More like a chicken-coop er a dog-kennel": Civil War Soldiers' Tents A. Soldier-Built Supports and Shelter Tent Amenities. B. Southern Tents and Substitutes. "Ther' ain't no use lyin' 'n the mud.": Soldiers' Bedding Arrangements With and Without Shelter "Their shebang enclosures of bushes.": The Variety of Brush and Board Huts "It is so awful hot here to-day": Soldier-Built Shades Military Collector & Historian, vol. 56, no. 4 (2004), 248-266. http://www.libertyrifles.org/research/campaignshelters.html

"`Shebangs,' `Shades,' and Shelter Tents: An Overview of Civil War Soldiers' Campaign Shelters," part I. Muzzleloader, vol. XXX, no. 1 (March/April 2003), 69-75. part II. Muzzleloader, vol. XXX, no. 2 (May/June 2003), 63-69.

Soldiers’ shelter, vol. 2, 1068-1069 (750 words), Mark M. Boatner, Encyclopedia of the American Revolution: Library of Military History, Harold E. Selesky, ed. (2nd Edition, Charles Scribner’s Sons, 2006)

“`The canopy of heaven for our tent’: Soldiers' Shelter on Campaign, June 1778,” Appendix 0 of "`What is this you have been about to day?’: The New Jersey Brigade at the Battle of Monmouth” http://revwar75.com/library/rees/monmouth/MonmouthToc.htm

"`We are now ... properly ... enwigwamed.': British Soldiers and Brush Shelters, 1777- 1781," The Brigade Dispatch, vol. XXIX, no. 2 (Summer 1999), 2-9. http://revwar75.com/library/rees/monmouth/MonmouthO.htm

“`They had built huts of bushes and leaves.’: Analysis of Continental Army Brush Shelter Use, 1775-1782,” The Brigade Dispatch, vol. XXXII, no. 3 (Autumn 2002), 7-10. Appendices A. American Brush Huts. B. Brush Huts and the British Army. Addendum: List of articles and links for author’s series on soldiers’ campaign shelters (1775-1783, 1861-1865) https://www.scribd.com/doc/299341406/They-had-built-huts-of-bushes-and-leaves-Analysis-of- Continental-Army-Brush-Shelter-Use-1775-1782 or https://www.academia.edu/22008316/_They_had_built_huts_of_bushes_and_leaves._Analysis_ of_Continental_Army_Brush_Shelter_Use_1775-1782

50 "`We ... got ourselves cleverly settled for the night': Soldiers' Shelter on Campaign During the War for Independence," part I, "`Oznabrig tabernacles’: Tents in the Armies of the Revolution": 1. “Put our Men into barns …”: The Vagaries of Shelter 2. "We Lay in the open world": Troops Without Shelter on Campaign 3. "State of Marquees and Tents delivered to the Army...": Varieties of Tentage a. British Common Tents b. American Common Tents c. Horseman’s and Cavalry Tents d. Wall Tents e. Marquees f. Bell Tents for Sheltering Arms g. Dome, Square, and Hospital Tents h. French Tents 4. "Return of Camp Equipage": More on Tents. Appendices A. Illustrations of French Tents B. The Common Tent as Illustrated in a German Treatise C. How to Fold a Common Tent for Transport (from a German Treatise) D. Interior Views of Common Tents: Sleeping Arrangements in Three Armies E. A Melange of Marquees: Additional Images of Officers’ Tents F. Encampment Plans: Continental Army, Hessian, and British 1. Friedrich Wilhelm de Steuben, Regulations for the Order and Discipline of the Troops of the United States Part I. (Philadelphia, Pa.: Styner and Cist, 1779) 2. “A Correct View of the Hessian Camp on Barton Farm near Winchester … by Willm. Godson, Land Surveyor to the Right Worshipful the Corporation of Winchester occupé le 16 Juillet 1756” 3. Lewis Lochee, An Essay on Castrametation (London, 1778) (British treatise on tents and encampments.)

4. Humphrey Bland, A treatise of military discipline: in which is laid down and explained the duty of the officer and soldier, through the several branches of the service. The 8th edition revised, corrected, and altered to the present practice of the army (London: B. Law and T. Caslon, 1762). Military Collector & Historian, vol. 49, no. 3 (Fall 1997), 98-107. https://www.scribd.com/doc/262657282/Oznabrig-tabernacles-Tents-in-the-Armies-of-the- Revolution-part-1-of-We-got-ourselves-cleverly-settled-for-the-night-Soldiers-Shelter or https://www.academia.edu/12360099/_We_..._got_ourselves_cleverly_settled_for_the_night _Soldiers_Shelter_on_Campaign

51 part II, “The great [wastage] last Campaign was owing to their being wet in the Waggons." Allotment and Transporting Tents in the Armies of the Revolution 1. "The Allowance of Tents is not sufficient ...”: An Overview of Tents as Shelter a. Tent Allotment, 1776 to 1779 b. Female Followers and Tents c. Tent Allotment, 1779 to 1782 d. Tent Supply and Shortfalls 2. "The fewer the Waggons to the Army, the better...": Transporting Tents a. Wagons b. Pack Horses c. Soldiers as Beasts of Burden d. Watercraft Appendix: ”British Army Wheeled Transport in the American War: A Primer” Addendum 1. “No. 9 – Return of Drivers, Horses and Waggons furnished by Brigadr-General William Dalrymple, Quarter Master General of the Army in North America in the District of New York by order of His Excellency the Commander in Chief for the General and Staff Officers and several Corps of the Army between 1st January & 31st March 1781 inclusive being 90 days” 2. “Return of Drivers, Horses and Waggons belonging to the Quart. Master General’s Department attached to the General and Staff Officers and Several Corps of Hessians in the District of New York. – 26th August 1781.” 3. “Return of Drivers, Horses and Waggons attached to the several British Regiments in the District of New York 26th August 1781.” 4. “Enclosure 2d Return of Drivers, Horses and Waggons that are with the Corps to the Southward [Virginia] New York 23d August 1781.” 5. “Enclosure 4 Return of Conductors, Drivers, Horses and Waggons in the Quarter Master General’s Department, attached to the Several Corps at and near the Six Mile Stone. 26th August 1781.” 6. Enclosure No. 6, Johann Friedrich Cochenhausen (also Cockenhausen or Kochenhausen), colonel and quartermaster general, Hessian forces, to Board of General Officers, 14 May 1781 (regarding wagons for the German troops). https://www.scribd.com/doc/301615108/We-got-ourselves-cleverly-settled-for-the-night- Soldiers-Shelter-on-Campaign-During-the-War-for-Independence-Part-2-The-great- wastage-l or https://www.academia.edu/22669568/_We..._got_ourselves_cleverly_settled_for_the_night.. ._Soldiers_Shelter_on_Campaign_During_the_War_for_Independence_Part_2._The_great _wastage_last_Campaign_was_owing_to_their_being_wet_in_the_Waggons._Tents_in_the _Armies_of_the_Revolution Military Collector & Historian, vol. 49, no. 4 (Winter 1997), 156-168.

52 part III, "`The camps ... are as different in their form as the owners are in their dress ...': Shades, Sheds, and Wooden Tents, 1775-1782": "Not a bush to make a shade near [at] hand ...": Bush Bowers, "Arbours," and "Shades," 1776-1782 "An elegant shade ...": Officers' Bowers "The Men employed in making Bowers before their Tents...": Shades for Common Soldiers A. Pennsylvania and New Jersey, 1777 to 1780 B. Virginia Peninsula, 1781 C. New York, 1782 D. Bowers and British Troops, 1776 and 1781 "The troops hutted with Rails and Indian Corn Stocks ...": Sheds, Planked Huts, and Straw Tents, 1775-1777 http://revwar75.com/library/rees/bowers.htm Military Collector & Historian, vol. 53, no. 4 (Winter 2001-2002), 161-169.

part IV, "`We are now ... properly ... enwigwamed.': British Soldiers and Brush Huts, 1776-1781": Overview "Laying up poles and covering them with leaves ...": Building Brush Huts Comparative Use of Makeshift Shelters in the French and Indian War, and American Civil War http://revwar75.com/library/rees/shelter4.htm Military Collector & Historian, vol. 55, no. 2 (Summer 2003), 89-96. part V, “`We built up housan of branchis and leavs ’: Continental Army Brush Shelters, 1775-1777” A. "This night we lay out without shelter ...”: Overview of American Soldiers' Campaign Lodging B. "We maid us some Bush huts ...": Brush Shelters, 1775 and 1776. C. "Huts of sticks & leaves": Washington's Army in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, 1777. Military Collector & Historian, vol. 55, no. 4 (Winter 2003-2004), 213-223. http://revwar75.com/library/rees/pdfs/huts5.pdf

part VI, "`We built up housan of branchis & leavs ...’: Continental Army Brush Shelters, 1778-1782 A. "Found the regiment lying in bush huts ...": Continental Troops on Campaign and on the March, 1778-1780. B. "Pine huts," "Huts of rails," and "Bush Tents": Virginia and the Carolinas, 1781-1782. C. "Return of Camp Equipage": More on Tents. Military Collector & Historian, vol. 56, no. 2 (2004), 98-106. http://revwar75.com/library/rees/pdfs/huts6.pdf

53 Soldiers' Rations, Food Preparation and Cooking Utensils http://www.scribd.com/doc/125381511/J-U-Rees-Article-List-Soldiers-Food-1775-to-the- modern-era

Soldiers’ rations, vol. 2, 1066-1068 (1250 words), Mark M. Boatner, Encyclopedia of the American Revolution: Library of Military History, Harold E. Selesky, ed. (2nd Edition, Charles Scribner’s Sons, 2006)

“Hard Tack,” vol. 1, 589-590. “Historical Overview: The Revolutionary War,” vol. 1, 622-624. “Historical Overview: The Civil War and Reconstruction,” vol. 1, 631-633. (Posted online at http://www.libertyrifles.org/research/cwreconstfoods.html ) “Supawn,” vol. 2, 516. Entries in, Andrew F. Smith, ed., Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America, 2 vols. (New York and London: Oxford University Press, 2004)

Artwork Narrative: Pamela Patrick White, “’Victuals well dressed’: Revolutionary Soldiers’ Food and Cooking,” (2004) http://www.whitehistoricart.com

“`O carrion sublime …’: Doughboy Odes to Army Food,” Military Collector & Historian, vol. 56, no. 4 (Winter 2004), 238.

“`Things were fine. Then things weren’t.”: Donuts and Coffee, 1862 to 1968,” Military Collector & Historian, vol. 57, no. 2 (Summer 2005), 99. http://www.scribd.com/doc/168461891/%E2%80%9CThings-were-fine-Then-things- weren%E2%80%99t-%E2%80%9D-Donuts-and-Coffee-1862-and-1968

“`Sufficient for the army for fifteen days …’: Continental Army Frozen Meat Ration,” Military Collector & Historian, vol. 58, no. 3 (Fall 2006), 163.

“`Baked Beans 140 Men’: Earnest Harrison’s 1909 Army Recipe Book,” Military Collector & Historian)

“’A wave struck the ship, the soup flew out of my bowl …’: Food and Accommodations for Soldiers at Sea during the War for Independence” (Including a section titled, “German Troops on Campaign in America”) https://www.scribd.com/doc/259230707/A-wave-struck-the-ship-the-soup-flew-out-of-my- bowl-Food-and-Accommodations-for-Soldiers-at-Sea-during-the-War-for-Independence- Including-a

“`A capital dish …’: Revolutionary Soldiers and Chocolate,” Brigade Dispatch, vol. XXXVIII, no. 3 (Autumn 2008), 2-17. http://www.scribd.com/doc/131353233/%E2%80%9CA-capital-dish-%E2%80%A6- Revolutionary-Soldiers-and-Chocolate

54 “`General Wayne's detachment is almost starving.’: Provisioning Washington’s Army on the March, June 1778,” Appendix N of "’What is this you have been about to day?’: The New Jersey Brigade at the Battle of Monmouth,” http://revwar75.com/library/rees/monmouth/MonmouthN.htm

“’It's hard living … but living too high ain't healthy no how.’: Soldiers Making the Best of Army Food, 1861-1865,” 1. “Seeing the Elephant’: New Soldiers and Army Food” 2. Experienced Soldiers and the Practicalities of Food Preparation 3. “A very palatable mess’: Seasoned Soldiers and Cooking Innovations” Sidebars: A. A Victual-Rich Vocabulary B. Confederate Soldiers and Scanty Food Repast: Quarterly Publication of the Culinary Historians of Ann Arbor, vol. XXVIII, no. 2 (Summer 2012), 4-10. http://www.scribd.com/doc/236075560/It-s-hard-living-but-living-too-high-ain-t-healthy-no-how- Soldiers-Making-the-Best-of-Army-Food-1861-1865-Repast-Quarterly-Publication-of-t

"`The foundation of an army is the belly.' North American Soldiers' Food, 1756-1945," ALHFAM: Proceedings of the 1998 Conference and Annual Meeting, vol. XXI (The Assoc. for Living History, Farm and Agricultural Museums, Bloomfield, Ohio, 1999), 49-64. Part I. "'I live on raw salt pork ... hard bread and sugar.': The Evolution of Soldiers' Rations" Part II. "Salt Beef to C Rations: A Compendium of North American Soldiers' Rations, 1756-1945" (World Wide Web, http://revwar75.com/library/rees/belly.htm )

"’False hopes and temporary devices’: Organizing Food Supply in the Continental Army” Part I. “To subsist an Army well”: An Organizational Overview Part II. “Owing to this variety of waste …”: Producing, Storing, and Transporting Bread Part III. “We now have 500 head of fat cattle”: Procuring, Transporting, and Processing Livestock http://www.scribd.com/doc/227059610/False-hopes-and-temporary-devices-Organizing- Food-Supply-in-the-Continental-Army-1-To-subsist-an-Army-well-An-Organizational- Overview

"Compendium of Ration Allotments, 1754-1785," The Continental Soldier, vol. IX, no. 2 (Summer 1996), 30-34.

55 "`To subsist an Army well ...': Soldiers' Cooking Equipment, Provisions, and Food Preparation During the American War for Independence”: "’All the tin Camp-kettles they can procure ...’: Iron Pots, Pans, and Light- Weight Military Kettles, 1759-1782” Subheadings: Tin Kettles, 1759-1771” “British Kettles in the American War, 1776-1781” “Continental Army and States’ Militia, 1775-1780” “American Sheet Iron Kettles, 1781-1782” “Iron Pots, Pans, and Makeshift Cookware” “Eating Utensils” “Officers’ Cooking Equipment” “Kettle Covers” “’The extreme suffering of the army for want of … kettles …’: Continental Soldiers and Kettle Shortages in 1782” “’A disgusting incumbrance to the troops …’: Linen Bags and Carts for Carrying Kettles” “’The Kettles to be made as formerly …”: Kettle Capacity and Weight, and Archaeological Finds” Subheadings: “Kettle Capacity and Sizes, 1759-1782” “Louisbourg Kettle, Cape Breton Island” “Fort Ligonier (Buckets or Kettles?)” “Rogers Island (Bucket or Kettle?)” “1812 Kettles, Fort Meigs, Ohio” “Overview of Cooking Equipment, 1775-1783” Addendum to online version: “Two brass kettles, to contain ten gallons each … for each company …” Brass and Copper Kettles Military Collector & Historian, vol. 53, no. 1 (Spring 2001), 7-23. http://www.scribd.com/doc/180835470/To-subsist-an-Army-well-Soldiers-Cooking- Equipment-Provisions-and-Food-Preparation-During-the-American-War-for- Independence

(Addendum to above): Brass Kettles, Military Collector & Historian, vol. 53, no. 3 (Fall 2001), 118-119.

"`To the hungry soul every bitter thing is sweet.’: Soldiers' Food and Cooking in the War for Independence” Part 1. "The manner of messing and living together": Continental Army Mess Groups “Who shall have this?”: Food Distribution "A hard game ...": Continental Army Cooks Military Collector & Historian, vol. 62, no. 4 (Winter 2010), 288-298. Part 2. “On with Kittle, to make some hasty Pudding …”: How a "Continental Devil" Broke His Fast 1. The Army Ration and Cooking Methods. 2. Eating Utensils. 3. The Morning Meal. 4. Other Likely Breakfast Fare. Military Collector & Historian, vol. 63, no. 1 (Spring 2011), 12-25.

56 Online version: "`To the hungry soul every bitter thing is sweet.’: Soldiers' Food and Cooking in the War for Independence” "The manner of messing and living together": Continental Army Mess Groups “Who shall have this?”: Food Distribution "A hard game ...": Continental Army Cooks “On with Kittle, to make some hasty Pudding …”: How a "Continental Devil" Broke His Fast 1. The Army Ration and Cooking Methods. 2. Eating Utensils. 3. The Morning Meal. 4. Other Likely Breakfast Fare. Addenda “The men were very industrious, in baking, all the forepart of the evening.”: Soldiers’ Ingenuity, Regimental Bakers, and the Issue of Raw Flour “The Commissary [is] desired … to furnish biscuit and salt provisions …”: Hard Bread in the War for Independence. "The victuals became putrid by sweat & heat ...": Some Peripheral Aspects of Feeding an Army 1. The Ways Soldiers Carried Food 2. The Burden of Rations, 1762-1783 3. Carrying Drink and Procuring Water 4. Equipment Shortages 5. Spoilage of Issued Meats "We had our cooking utensils ... to carry in our hands.": Continental Army Cooking and Eating Gear, and Camp Kitchens, 1775-1782 Endnotes: #50. Compendium of Ration Allotments, 1754-1782 Continental Army rations (summary) British Army rations (summary) Caloric Requirements and Intake #73. Miscellaneous returns of cooking gear and eating utensils, 1778-1781 (Appended) List of author’s articles on food in the armies of the American Revolution http://www.scribd.com/doc/129368664/To-the-hungry-soul-every-bitter-thing-is-sweet- Soldiers-Food-and-Cooking-in-the-War-for-Independence

“`Six of our regt lived together …’: Mess Groups, Carrying Food … (and a Little Bit of Tongue) in the Armies of the Revolution” Mess Groups Food Distribution Carrying Food The Burden of Rations And … Tongue http://revwar75.com/library/rees/pdfs/tongue.pdf

“`Iron pots,’ ‘Spiders,’ and Tea Kettles: Cooking and Eating Utensils in Sullivan’s Brigade, 1776,” Military Collector & Historian, vol. 62, no. 2 (Summer 2010), 100.

57 “`Our wants of the common conveniences were sometimes curiously supplied …’: A Revolutionary Soldier’s Wooden Bowl,” Military Collector & Historian, vol. 61, no. 3 (Fall 2009), 210-214. Revised and published in Solebury Chronicle (Newsletter of the Solebury Township Historical Society), vol. 12, no. 1 (Winter 2010), 4-5. http://www.soleburyhistory.org/pdf/newsletterwinter2010.pdf (Rewritten in 2012 as “The common necessaries of life …” A Revolutionary Soldier’s Wooden Bowl,” including, “’Left sick on the Road’: An Attempt to Identify the Soldier Left at the Paxson Home, ‘Rolling Green,’ June 1778.”) http://www.scribd.com/doc/123562525/%E2%80%9CThe-common-necessaries-of-life- %E2%80%A6%E2%80%9D-A-Revolutionary-Soldier%E2%80%99s-Wooden-Bowl or http://tinyurl.com/at3dj3e

Soldier’s mess bowl (original artifact), see article above.

58 Brigade Dispatch series on Continental soldiers' utensils, food and cooking during the War for Independence: 1. "`We had our cooking utensils  to carry in our hands.’: Light-Weight Military Kettles, 1775-1782,” The Brigade Dispatch, vol. XXXI, no. 1 (Spring 2001), 2-11. 2. “`The Kettles to be made as formerly ’: Kettle Capacity and Weight, and Excavated Artifacts,” The Brigade Dispatch, vol. XXXI, no. 1 (Spring 2001), 5-8. 3. “`They were made of cast iron and consequently heavy.’: Less Commonly Used Utensils, Eating Implements, and Officers’ Cooking Equipment,” The Brigade Dispatch, vol. XXXI, no. 2 (Summer 2001), 2-7.

"`Sufficient ... to strip a soldier to the skin.': Sutlers in the Continental Army, 1777-1782," The Continental Soldier, vol. X, no. 2 (Summer 1997), 27-28.

“`As many fireplaces as you have tents': Earthen Camp Kitchens”: Part I. "`Cooking Excavations': Their History and Use by Soldiers in North America"; Part II. "Matt and I Dig a Kitchen." The Continental Soldier, vol. XI, no. 3 (Summer 1998), 26-32. First published in Fall 1997 Food History News (see below). Also published as "Earthen Camp Kitchens,” Muzzleloader, vol. XXX, no. 4 (September/October 2003), 59-64. RevWar75 online version titled: "`As many fireplaces as you have tents ...': Earthen Camp Kitchens” http://revwar75.com/library/rees/kitchen.htm

"`As many fireplaces as you have tents ...': Earthen Camp Kitchens”: Contents Part I. "Cooking Excavations": Their History and Use by Soldiers in North America A. Advantages. B. Digging a Field Kitchen. Part II. Complete 1762 Kitchen Description and Winter Covering for Field Kitchens Part III. Matt and I Dig a Kitchen. Sequenced photos of kitchen construction, June 1997, Bordentown, New Jersey. Part IV. Original Earthen Kitchens Examined by Archaeologists. A. The Laughanstown, Ireland Earthen Kitchen. B. The Gloucester Point (VIMS) Kitchen, 1781. C. Hessian Kitchens, Winchester, England, 1756. Appendices: 1. Encampment Plans (with an emphasis on kitchen placement): Continental Army, Hessian, and British 2. British Image of Cooking Excavations (Redcoat Images No. 2,000) 3. Newspaper Article on the Discovery of the Gloucester Point Kitchen 4. Miscellaneous Images of Earthen Camp Kitchens and Soldiers Cooking https://www.academia.edu/21056265/_As_many_fireplaces_as_you_have_tents_..._Earthen _Camp_Kitchens (Video of Old Barracks kitchen, courtesy of David Niescior, https://vimeo.com/151154631 )

59 "`A disgusting incumbrance to the troops': More on Kettle Bags and Carts in the Continental Army, 1781," The Brigade Dispatch, vol. XXVIII, no. 3 (Autumn 1998), 12-13. http://revwar75.com/library/rees/encumberance.htm

“`Properly fixed upon the Men’: Linen Bags for Camp Kettles,” The Brigade Dispatch, vol. XXVII, no. 3 (Autumn 1997), 2-5. http://revwar75.com/library/rees/kettlebags.htm

“‘It was my turn to cook for the mess’: Provisions of the Common Soldier in the Continental Army, 1775-1783" (entire article, 39 pages) First conceived as a lecture for the Historic Foodways Society of the Delaware Valley, given 15 January 1995. Reworked as a feature column in Food History News beginning with vol. VII, no. 1 (Fall 1995). Below are the column titles:

FHN, vol. VII, no. 1 (Fall 1995), 2, 8. "It was my turn to cook for the Mess" Provisions of the Common Soldier in the Continental Army 1775-1783

FHN, vol. VII, no. 3 (Winter 1995), 2-3. "Sometimes we drew two days rations at a time." The Soldiers' Daily Issue

60 FHN, vol. VIII, no. 1 (Summer 1996), 2-3. "Drew 2 pound of Shugar and 1 pound of Coffee" Extraordinary Foodstuffs Issued the Troops

FHN, vol. VII, no. 4 (Spring 1996), 2-3. "The unreasonable prices extorted ... by the market People": Camp Markets and the Impact of the Economy

FHN, vol. VIII, no. 2 (Fall 1996), 1-2, 7. "Complaint has been made by many of the Inhabitants" Soldiers' Efforts to Supplement the Ration Issue

FHN, vol. VIII, no. 3 (Winter 1996), 2, 6-7. "Whilst in this country" Sullivan's Expedition and the Carolina Campaigns http://www.scribd.com/doc/172542103/Whilst-in-this-country-Supplementing- Soldiers%E2%80%99-Rations-with-Regional-Foods-Sullivan-s-Expedition-1779-and-the- Carolina-Campaigns-1781-1782

FHN, vol. VIII, no. 4 (Spring 1997), 2, 3-5, 6-7. "Hard enough to break the teeth of a rat." Biscuit and Hard Bread in the Armies of the Revolution (Also in the same issue, information on cooking with biscuit and hardtack during the American Civil War and the War for Independence in "Joy of Historical Cooking: Using Hardtack & Crackers.")

FHN, vol. IX, no. 1 (Summer 1997), 2, 6. "The essential service he rendered to the army" Christopher Ludwick, Superintendent of Bakers http://www.scribd.com/doc/125310836/The-essential-service-he-rendered-to-the-army- Christopher-Ludwick-Superintendent-of-Bakers

FHN, vol. XVII, no. 1 (Summer 2005) (65), 2. “The Gingerbread Man” More on Washington’s Baking Superintendent, Then and Now http://www.scribd.com/doc/125310836/The-essential-service-he-rendered-to-the-army- Christopher-Ludwick-Superintendent-of-Bakers

FHN, vol. IX, no. 2 (Fall 1997), 2, 8-9. "As many fireplaces as you have tents" Earthen Camp Kitchens http://www.scribd.com/doc/229610630/As-many-fireplaces-as-you-have-tents-Earthen- Camp-Kitchens

61 FHN, vol. IX, no. 3 (Winter 1998), 2. Matt and I Dig a Kitchen Recreating an 18th-Century Cooking Excavation http://www.scribd.com/doc/229610630/As-many-fireplaces-as-you-have-tents-Earthen- Camp-Kitchens FHN, vol. IX, no. 4 (Spring 1998), 2, 7-8. "Our pie-loving ... stomachs ... ache to even look." Durable Foods for Armies, 1775-1865 https://www.scribd.com/doc/262786402/Our-pie-loving-stomachs-ache-to-even-look- Durable-Foods-for-Armies-1775-1865

FHN, vol. X, no. 1 (37), 2, 8-9. "Tell them never to throw away their ... haversacks or canteens" Finding Water and Carrying Food During the War for Independence and the American Civil War

FHN, vol. X, no. 2 (38), 2, 6-7. "The victuals became putrid by sweat & heat" Equipment Shortages, the Burden of Rations and Spoilage During the War for Independence and the War Between the States

FHN, vol. X, no. 3 (39), 2, 7. (1775-1945) An "unrational predicament." Soldiers, Food, and Humor

FHN, vol. XI, no. 1 (41), 2, 9. (1775-1945) "This is the way they live" Soldiers' Observations of Other Regions, Other Cultures

FHN, vol. XI, no. 2 (42), 2, 12-13. (1775-1945) "Happy New Year, you guys." A Soldier's Holiday https://www.scribd.com/doc/291192804/Happy-New-Year-you-guys-A-Soldier-s-Holiday

FHN, vol. XI, no. 3 (43), 2. Extreme Cuisine: Doughnuts and Coffee "The Zouave Doughnuts" (1862) "A Cup of Coffee in the Tet Offensive" (1968) http://www.scribd.com/doc/168461891/%E2%80%9CThings-were-fine-Then-things- weren%E2%80%99t-%E2%80%9D-Donuts-and-Coffee-1862-and-1968

62 FHN, vol. XI, no. 4 (44), 2, 5. (1775-1945) From Firecake to K Rations: Books on the American Soldier's Diet.

FHN, vol. XII, no. 1 (45), 2. Extreme Cuisine: Alligator Soup, Louisiana, 1864 th (Captain John DeForest, 12 Connecticut Volunteers)

FHN, vol. XII, no. 2 (46), 2. Extreme Cuisine: The Indispensable Frying Pan and Coffee Pot, (Civil War mess groups and utensils; contents of a Confederate Haversack)

FHN, vol. XII, no. 3 (47), 2, 9-10. "False hopes and temporary devices" Organizing Food Supply in the Continental Army Part I. “To subsist an Army well” An Organizational Overview http://www.scribd.com/doc/227059610/False-hopes-and-temporary-devices-Organizing- Food-Supply-in-the-Continental-Army-1-To-subsist-an-Army-well-An-Organizational- Overview

FHN, vol. XII, no. 4 (48), 2, 9-10. "False hopes and temporary devices" Organizing Food Supply in the Continental Army Part II. “Owing to this variety of waste …” Producing, Storing, and Transporting Bread http://www.scribd.com/doc/227059610/False-hopes-and-temporary-devices-Organizing- Food-Supply-in-the-Continental-Army-1-To-subsist-an-Army-well-An-Organizational- Overview

FHN, vol. XIII, no. 1 (49), 2, 8-9. "False hopes and temporary devices" Organizing Food Supply in the Continental Army Part III. “We now have 500 head of fat cattle” Procuring, Transporting, and Processing Livestock http://www.scribd.com/doc/227059610/False-hopes-and-temporary-devices-Organizing- Food-Supply-in-the-Continental-Army-1-To-subsist-an-Army-well-An-Organizational- Overview

63 FHN, vol. XIII, no. 2 (50), 2, 7. “We Were Marching on Christmas Day” History, Food, and Civilian and Soldiers’ Celebrations: A Book Review (Also posted online at http://www.libertyrifles.org/research/christmasday.html ) http://www.scribd.com/doc/124281893/Review-Hard-Marching-on-Christmas-Day

FHN, vol. XIII, no. 4 (52), 2. “The new process of cooking” Robert Beecham’s 1862 Birthday Meal

FHN, vol. XIV, no. 1 (53), 2, 7. “A perfect nutriment for heroes!” Apples and North American Soldiers, 1757-1918 http://www.scribd.com/doc/169286285/%E2%80%9C-A-perfect-nutriment-for-heroes- Apples-and-North-American-Soldiers-1757-1918

FHN, vol. XIV, no. 2 (54), 2. “The oficers are Drunk and Dancing on the table …” U.S Soldiers and Alcoholic Beverages

FHN, vol. XIV, no. 3 (55), 2. “The repast was in the English fashion …” Washington’s Campaign for Refined Dining in the War for Independence

FHN, vol. XIV, no. 4 (56), 2-3. “We'll eat as we ne'er ate before …” The Immutable Army Bean Part I. “The proof of the pudding is in the eating.”: U.S. Army Baked Bean How-to and Recipe

FHN, vol. XV, no. 1 (57), 2, 9-10. “We'll eat as we ne'er ate before …” The Immutable Army Bean Part II. Eating Beans, 1775 to 1945

FHN, vol. XV, no. 2 (58), 2, 7. “We'll eat as we ne'er ate before …” The Immutable Army Bean Part III. Beans in Song and Verse

FHN, vol. XV, no. 3 (59), 2, 8. “Indolence is the mother of invention.” Private Post’s 1898 Culinary Campaign https://www.scribd.com/doc/266597944/Indolence-is-the-mother-of-invention-Private-Post-s-1898- Culinary-Campaign

64 FHN, vol. XV, no. 4 (60), 2, 9-10. "Give us Our Bread Day by Day." Continental Army Bread, Bakers, and Ovens Part I. “Waste and bad management …” Regulating Baking http://www.scribd.com/doc/125174710/Give-us-day-by-day-our-daily-bread-Continental- Army-Bread-Ovens-and-Bakers

FHN, vol. XVI, no. 1 (61), 2, 9-10. "Give us Our Bread Day by Day." Continental Army Bread, Bakers, and Ovens Part II. “A bake-house was built in eleven days …” Contemporary Baking Operations and Army Masonry Ovens http://www.scribd.com/doc/125174710/Give-us-day-by-day-our-daily-bread-Continental- Army-Bread-Ovens-and-Bakers

FHN, vol. XVI, no. 3 (63), 2, 8-9. "Give us Our Bread Day by Day." Continental Army Bread, Bakers, and Ovens Part III. “Seeing that the Ovens may be done right …” Bake Oven Designs http://www.scribd.com/doc/125174710/Give-us-day-by-day-our-daily-bread-Continental- Army-Bread-Ovens-and-Bakers

FHN, vol. XVI, no. 4 (64), 2. "Give us Our Bread Day by Day." Continental Army Bread, Bakers, and Ovens Part IV. “The mask is being raised!!” Denouement: Early-War Iron Ovens, and a Yorktown Campaign Bakery http://www.scribd.com/doc/125174710/Give-us-day-by-day-our-daily-bread-Continental- Army-Bread-Ovens-and-Bakers

(See above for issue 65 column, Christopher Ludwick: Reprise )

FHN, vol. XVII, no. 2 (66), 2, 8. “Invited to dine with Genl Wayne; an excellent dinner …” Revolutionary Commanders’ Culinary Equipage in Camp and on Campaign (Part 1) “Plates, once tin but now Iron …” General Washington’s Mess Equipment

65 FHN, vol. XVII, no. 3 (67), 2, 8. “Invited to dine with Genl Wayne; an excellent dinner …” Revolutionary Commanders’ Culinary Equipage in Camp and on Campaign (Part 2) “40 Dozens Lemons, in a Box” British Generals’ Provisions and Mess Equipage

FHN, vol. XVII, no. 4 (68),2. “Invited to dine with Genl Wayne; an excellent dinner …” Revolutionary Commanders’ Culinary Equipage in Camp and on Campaign (Part 3) “A Major General & family” Nathanael Greene’s Food Ware

FHN, vol. XVIII, no. 1 (69), 2-3. “Invited to dine with Genl Wayne; an excellent dinner …” Revolutionary Commanders’ Culinary Equipage in Camp and on Campaign (Part 4) “My poor cook is almost always sick …” General Riedesel Goes to America

FHN, vol. XVIII, no. 2 (70), 2. “Sufficient for the army for fifteen days …” Continental Army Frozen Rations

FHN, vol. XVIII, no. 3 (71), 2, 9. Condensed Milk, “Corned Willie,” and K Rations Canned Foods for American Troops Part I “Manufactories sprung up everywhere …” Early Use of Tinned Goods, and Their Proliferation During the American Civil War (Column No. 43)

FHN, vol. XVIII, no. 3 (72), 2, 5. Condensed Milk, “Corned Willie,” and K Rations Canned Foods for American Troops Part II “Pat and I ate a can of salmon and some hard tack.”2 The Incorporation of Canned Foods into U.S. Army Rations (Column No. 44)

66 FHN, vol. XVIV, no. 1 (73), 2, 5. Condensed Milk, “Corned Willie,” and K Rations Canned Foods for American Troops Part III “We hated them until we ran out and started to starve.” U.S. Military Tinned Field Rations, 1940 to 1981 (Column No. 45)

FHN, vol. XVIV, no. 2 (74), 2, 5. "The manner of messing and living together" Continental Army Mess Groups (Column No. 46) http://www.scribd.com/doc/129368664/To-the-hungry-soul-every-bitter-thing-is-sweet- Soldiers-Food-and-Cooking-in-the-War-for-Independence

FHN, vol. XVIV, no. 3 (75), 2, 9. “On with Kittle, to make some hasty Pudding …” How a "Continental Devil" Broke His Fast (Column No. 47) http://www.scribd.com/doc/129368664/To-the-hungry-soul-every-bitter-thing-is-sweet- Soldiers-Food-and-Cooking-in-the-War-for-Independence

FHN, vol. XVIV, no. 4 (76)), 2, 9. "A hard game" Cooks in the Continental Army (Column No. 48) http://www.scribd.com/doc/129368664/To-the-hungry-soul-every-bitter-thing-is-sweet- Soldiers-Food-and-Cooking-in-the-War-for-Independence

FHN, vol. XX, no. 1 (77)), 2, 7, 10. "We had our cooking utensils ... to carry in our hands." Light-Weight Military Kettles, 1775-1782 Included in the endnotes: “Tin Kettles, 1759-1771” “British and German Kettles” “Kettle Capacity and Weight, and Excavated Artifacts, Circa 1750-1815” (Column No. 49) http://www.scribd.com/doc/180835470/To-subsist-an-Army-well-Soldiers-Cooking- Equipment-Provisions-and-Food-Preparation-During-the-American-War-for- Independence

67 FHN, vol. XX, no. 2 (78)), 2, 4-5. "They were made of cast iron and consequently heavy." Eating Utensils and Less Commonly Used Cooking Implements, 1775-1783 (Column No. 50) http://www.scribd.com/doc/180835470/To-subsist-an-Army-well-Soldiers-Cooking- Equipment-Provisions-and-Food-Preparation-During-the-American-War-for- Independence

FHN, vol. XX, no. 3 (79)), 2, 9, 12. “A capital dish …" Revolutionary Soldiers and Chocolate (Column No. 51) http://www.scribd.com/doc/131353233/%E2%80%9CA-capital-dish-%E2%80%A6- Revolutionary-Soldiers-and-Chocolate http://tinyurl.com/ce22e6t

(Final Issue, 2010) FHN, vol. XX, no. 4 (79), 2-3. "A better repast" Continental Army Field and Company Officers’ Fare (Column No. 52) ______

"Give us day by day our daily bread." Continental Army Bread, Ovens, and Bakers http://www.scribd.com/doc/125174710/Give-us-day-by-day-our-daily-bread-Continental- Army-Bread-Ovens-and-Bakers Compiled and updated for: “Their best wheaten bread, pies, and puddings…,” An Historic Baking Symposium, Fort Lee Historic Park, N.J., 28 August 2010 (Hosted by Deborah's Pantry) Contents

“Waste and bad management …” Regulating Baking

"Hard enough to break the teeth of a rat." Biscuit in the Armies of the Revolution

“A bake–house was built in eleven days …” Contemporary Baking Operations and Army Masonry Ovens

“Seeing that the Ovens may be done right …” Bake Oven Designs

“The mask is being raised!!” Early–War Iron Ovens, and a Yorktown Campaign Bakery 68 “Hands are most wanted to bake bread for the Soldiers …" The Superintendent's Bakers

"The essential service he rendered to the army ..." Christopher Ludwick, Superintendent of Bakers

Addendum: Hard Biscuit Recipes

"’The essential service he rendered to the army ...’: Christopher Ludwick, Superintendent of Bakers,” http://www.scribd.com/doc/125310836/The-essential-service-he-rendered-to- the-army-Christopher-Ludwick-Superintendent-of-Bakers

Jeff Pavlik, "Summary of Reproducing the 18th Century English Sea Biscuit" http://www.scribd.com/doc/238489016/Jeff-Pavlik-Summary-of-Reproducing-the-18th- Century-English-Sea-Biscuit

Brother Jonathan’s Images (List 17 of 17) http://www.scribd.com/doc/236989726/Articles-List-Brother-Jonathan-s-Images https://www.academia.edu/16583533/Brother_Jonathan_s_Images

Brother Jonathan’s Images (Relaunch introduction, July 2012) http://www.scribd.com/doc/175344617/Brother-Jonathan-Image-series-Introduction-July- 2012

Brother Jonathan’s Images, No. 1. (Gregory J. W. Urwin) Colonel Henry Beekman Livingston, 4th New York Regiment Artist: Charles Willson Peale Year: Circa 1778-1780 Collection: Smithsonian http://www.scribd.com/doc/175414586/Brother-Jonathan-No-1-Colonel-Henry-Beekman- Livingston-7-22-2012

Brother Jonathan’s Images, No. 2. (Gregory J. W. Urwin) Captain John Gassaway, 2nd Maryland Regiment Artist: Charles Willson Peale Year: Circa 1781-83 Collection: Smithsonian http://www.scribd.com/doc/175419675/Brother-Jonathan-No-2-Captain-John-Gassaway-7- 22-2012

Brother Jonathan’s Images, No. 3. (Matthew C. White) Captain Charles W. Peale, 4th Battalion Philadelphia City Associators Artist: Charles Willson Peale Year: Circa 1777-78 Collection: American Philosophical Society http://www.scribd.com/doc/175423051/Brother-Jonathan-No-3-Charles-Willson-Peale-7- 22-2012 69 Brother Jonathan’s Images, No. 4 (Contributor: Stephan P. Zacharias) Lt. Col. James Innes, Williamsburg Volunteers and 15th Virginia Regiment Artist: Charles Wilson Peale Year: 1774 -1777 Collection: Virginia Historical Society http://www.scribd.com/doc/175454391/Brother-Jonathan-No-4-Col-James-Innes

Brother Jonathan’s Images, No. 5. Brigadier General Otho Holland Williams Artist: Charles Willson Peale Year: 1786 Collection: Private http://www.scribd.com/doc/175454771/Brother-Jonathan-No-5-Brigadier-General-Otho- Holland-Williams Brother Jonathan’s Images, No. 6. Lt. Colonel Richard Cary (Neal Hurst) Artist: Charles Willson Peale Year: 1776 Collection: Private http://www.scribd.com/doc/175455267/Brother-Jonathan-No-6-Lt-Colonel-Richard-Cary

(Brother Jonathan’s Images, No. 8) (Gregory J. W. Urwin, with John U. Rees) Captain Samuel Blodget, Jr., 2d New Hampshire Regiment or New Hampshire Militia Artist: John Trumbull Year: circa 1786 Collection: Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond. http://www.scribd.com/doc/240639514/Brother-Jonathan-s-Images-No-8-Captain-Samuel- Blodget-Jr-2d-New-Hampshire-Regiment-or-New-Hampshire-Militia

70 Brother Jonathan’s Images, No. 9 Virginia Rifleman (John U. Rees) Artist: Richard St George Mansergh St George, 52d Regiment of Foot, 1777 Year: 1777 Collection: Harlan Crow Library, Dallas, Texas (purchased from the estate of Arthur E. Bye, Bucks County, Pennsylvania) https://www.scribd.com/doc/245356391/Brother-Jonathan-s-Images-No-9-St-George-s- Virginia-Rifleman-Artist-Richard-St-George-Mansergh-St-George-52d-Regiment-of-Foot- 1777-Collection

Brother Jonathan’s Images, No. 10 Verger’s Rifleman (John U. Rees) Artist: Jean-Baptiste-Antoine de Verger, Sublieutenant, Royal Deux-Ponts Regiment. Year: 1781 Collection: Anne S.K. Brown Military Collection, Brown University. https://www.scribd.com/doc/293382911/Brother-Jonathan-s-Images-No-10-Verger-s- Virginia-Rifleman-1781

71 (Above and below) 4th Connecticut Regiment, Valley Forge

Grenadiers of Virginia, Yorktown Campaign, 1781

Dunlap’s Partisan Corps, 1777

Commander-in-Chief’s Guard, Williamsburg, Virginia 74

Private soldier, Lt. Charles Willson Peale’s company, 2d Battalion, Philadelphia Associators, January 1777 75

Peale’s Company, 2d Battalion Philadelphia Associators, Princeton Battlefield

More images from “With Peale to Princeton” https://www.facebook.com/john.u.rees/media_set?set=a.10205283481149549.1073741830.13228885 67&type=3

“Trenton to Princeton March Route and Schedule” https://www.scribd.com/doc/251085624/Trenton-to-Princeton-March-Route-and- Schedule?secret_password=ylNxQE0my27enMtx14oT

4th Connecticut Regiment, 1778-1779