Glacial Action & Periglacial Landforms

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These Slides Accompany the YouTube Video Tutorial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9V92qwyT2A Glacial Action & Periglacial Landforms www.examrace.com www.doorsteptutor.comwww.examrace.com These Slides Accompany the YouTube Video Tutorial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9V92qwyT2A Types of Glaciers • Based on Morphology • Based on Thermal • Alpine or Valley Characteristics • Ice Cap • Temperate • Outlet Glaciers • Polar • Ice Sheet • Subpolar • Continental Glacier • IceShelves • Ice Streams • Tidewater Glaciers www.examrace.com www.doorsteptutor.comwww.examrace.com These Slides Accompany the YouTube Video Tutorial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9V92qwyT2A Calving Serac www.examrace.com www.doorsteptutor.comwww.examrace.com These Slides Accompany the YouTube Video Tutorial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9V92qwyT2A Iceberg www.examrace.com www.doorsteptutor.comwww.examrace.com These Slides Accompany the YouTube Video Tutorial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9V92qwyT2A Permafrost •Continuous •Discontinuous •Alpine •Sporadic •Subsea www.examrace.com www.doorsteptutor.comwww.examrace.com These Slides Accompany the YouTube Video Tutorial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9V92qwyT2A Ground Ice •Pore Ice •Needle Ice •Wedged Ice •Segregated Ice •Intrusive Ice Patterned Ground www.examrace.com www.doorsteptutor.comwww.examrace.com These Slides Accompany the YouTube Video Tutorial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9V92qwyT2A Palsas Pingos www.examrace.com www.doorsteptutor.comwww.examrace.com These Slides Accompany the YouTube Video Tutorial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9V92qwyT2A Solifluction Lobes Blockfields or Felsenmeer www.examrace.com www.doorsteptutor.comwww.examrace.com These Slides Accompany the YouTube Video Tutorial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9V92qwyT2A Rock Glaciers Thermokarst www.examrace.com www.doorsteptutor.comwww.examrace.com.

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The Effects of Ice on Stream Flow
LIBRARY COPY DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTI8 SMITH, DIKECTOK WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 337 THE EFFECTS OF ICE ON STREAM FLOW BY WILLIAM GLENN HOYT WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1913 CONTENTS. Page. Introduction____________________________________ 7 Factors that modify winter run-off_______________________ 9 Classification_________________________________ 9 Climatic factors_______________________________ 9 Precipitation and temperature____________________ 9 Barometric pressure__________________________ 17 Chinook winds________________________________ 18 Geologic factors________________________________ 19 Topographic factors______________________________ 20 Natural storage_____________________________ 20 Location, size, and trend of drainage basins____________ 22 Character of streams_________________________ 22 Vegetational factors_____________________________. 23 Artificial control _________________________________ 23 Formation of ice______________________________^____ 24 General conditions ________________________________ 24 Surface ice __ __ __ ___________________ 24 Method of formation____________________________. 24 Length and severity of cold period__________________ 25 Temperature of affluents________________________'__ 26 Velocity of water and. character of bed_______________ 27 Fluctuations in stage__________________________ 27 Frazil______________________________________ 28 Anchor ice_____________________ __________ 29 Effect of ice on relation of stage to discharge_________ ______ 30 The
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Determination of Stream Flow During the Frozen Season
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Glossary of Landscape and Vegetation Ecology for Alaska
U. S. Department of the Interior BLM-Alaska Technical Report to Bureau of Land Management BLM/AK/TR-84/1 O December' 1984 reprinted October.·2001 Alaska State Office 222 West 7th Avenue, #13 Anchorage, Alaska 99513 Glossary of Landscape and Vegetation Ecology for Alaska Herman W. Gabriel and Stephen S. Talbot The Authors HERMAN w. GABRIEL is an ecologist with the USDI Bureau of Land Management, Alaska State Office in Anchorage, Alaskao He holds a B.S. degree from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and a Ph.D from the University of Montanao From 1956 to 1961 he was a forest inventory specialist with the USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Regiono In 1966-67 he served as an inventory expert with UN-FAO in Ecuador. Dra Gabriel moved to Alaska in 1971 where his interest in the description and classification of vegetation has continued. STEPHEN Sa TALBOT was, when work began on this glossary, an ecologist with the USDI Bureau of Land Management, Alaska State Office. He holds a B.A. degree from Bates College, an M.Ao from the University of Massachusetts, and a Ph.D from the University of Alberta. His experience with northern vegetation includes three years as a research scientist with the Canadian Forestry Service in the Northwest Territories before moving to Alaska in 1978 as a botanist with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. or. Talbot is now a general biologist with the USDI Fish and Wildlife Service, Refuge Division, Anchorage, where he is conducting baseline studies of the vegetation of national wildlife refuges. ' . Glossary of Landscape and Vegetation Ecology for Alaska Herman W.
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International Symposia on the Role of Snow and Ice In
Field experiments of winter flow in natural rivers Gee Tsang and Leslie Szucs Canada Centre for InZand Waters, Department of the Enuironment, Burlington, Ontario and G. Douglas VaZlee Ltd., ConsuZting Engineers, Simeoe, Ontario ABSTRACT: This paper describes the reactions of a natural water- course to the effects of ice cover formation, growth, and deterior- ation. The study, which spanned two winters, undertook a systematic approach to collecting various types of data in an effort to deter- mine some of the parameters that affect rivers in cold weather. Ob- servations were made on the river itself in the areas of staging, velocity distributions, and riverbed erosion, with and without an ice cover. In addition, the phenomena of ice cover formation and deterioration, and the behavior of frazil ice, were noted. The study indicates that more research is required before a better understand- ing of winter hydraulics can be achieved. RESUME: On décrit la formation, le développement et la disparition des glaces d'une rivière. Cette étude, faite sur deux hivers, a été systématique et l'on a ainsi collationné différentes données dans le but de mettre en Evidence certains des paramètres affectant les rivières durant l'hiver. Les mesures ont porté sur les régimes de la rivière, la rgpartition des vitesses et 1'Erosion du lit dans le cas de la rivière gelée et dans celui d'une surface libre de glaces. On a noté, d'autre part, les caractéristiques de la formation et de la disparition des glaces et le comportement de la glace frazil. Les résultats des travaux montrent qu'il est nécessaire de faire plus de recherches si l'on veut mieux comprendre les aspects hydrauliques de l'hiver.
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Investigate Ice! H
get outside guide Pancake Ice Pancake A. Ice, Cat I. Ribbons, Ice Investigate Ice! H. Penitentes, E. Frost, Window B. Discs, Ice Frozen water can take some pretty incredible forms! Take our quiz, and then go out F. Castles, Ice G. Snowflakes, C. Rollers, Snow D. : row each right to left and see if you can find any of these yourself. Perhaps you’ll even find some fantastic QUIZ, TO ANSWERS formations that aren’t on this list. Happy icy investigations! A Pancake Ice D Snow Rollers G Ice Castles Pancake ice is—you guessed it!—round, and forms This fascinating and rare phenomenon occurs when Ice castles occur when the air temperature drops when ice on a stream or river breaks up and gets temperatures are near freezing and a thin layer of below freezing while the temperature of the soil spun around in an eddy, creating ice circles that wet snow lies on top a layer of ice or powder snow. remains above freezing. Water in the soil is drawn can be anywhere from a foot to ten feet in diameter. The final piece is force: wind or gravity, which causes to the surface and freezes once it comes into Pancake ice forms when there is still some water the snow to roll along the ground, gathering layers as contact with the air, forming delicate columns. movement and the temperature hovers around it goes. Snow rollers are usually cylindrical and look Other names include “ice fringes,” “frost columns,” freezing. Often the individual “pancakes” will bump very much like hay bales—in fact, they are also called and “needle ice.” into each other, creating a raised band of slush “snow bales” or “snow donuts.” H Ice Ribbons around the edges, resulting in “pancakes” with high E Penitentes The unusual appearance of this striking formation edges and low centers.
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Virginia Junior Academy of Science Proceedings
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PERIGLACIAL PROCESSES & LANDFORMS Periglacial
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Carter explained that while needle ice The Outside Story somewhat resembles frost, it is a completely different phenomenon. Frost forms when water vapor is deposited onto a growing ice crystal; the water molecules move directly from the gas phase to the solid phase without ever becoming a liquid. Needle ice, on the other hand, forms from liquid water when a process called ice segregation occurs in the soil. Ice segregation only happens when the soil is saturated, but the air is below freezing. These conditions are most common in late fall and early spring, but have been more common during this year’s mild winter. During ice segregation, ice forms at or just below the soil surface, where water meets the colder air and freezes. As more water from the soil In Cold, Wet Woods, moves up towards the ice through capillary action, it freezes and expands, Needle Ice Sprouts and the ice is pushed up out of the soil, forming long, fragile columns that poke By: Rachel Sargent out of the earth. This is why, if you look closely, you may see a layer of dirt on the The bare ground of the trail wound top of each column, lifted up as the through dead leaves and patchy snow. At needle ice grew. a short overhang in the trail, I noticed spiky threads of ice growing up from the A delicate balance of temperature, water, soil in crunchy clusters. A careless boot and soil type is needed for needle ice to revealed how fragile these formations are; develop. You won’t see it if the ground is the fine ice threads crumbled readily.
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Present and Past Geocryogenic Processes in Mexico
Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, Vol. 5: 1-12 (1994) Present and Past Geocryogenic Processes in Mexico Klaus Heine Institut für Geographie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany ABSTRACT Periglacial processes and landforms are described from the Cordillera Neovolcánica of central Mexico. Inactive rock glaciers are related to different late-glacial and Holocene phases of permafrost conditions. Active discontinuous permafrost occurs above c. 4600 m ASL and appears to be from the Little Ice Age. The lower limit of late-glacial rock glaciers is situated 500 and 600 m lower than during the Little Ice Age. RESUME Les processus et les formes périglaciaires qui existent dans la Cordillére Neovolcánica du Centre du Mexique sont décrits. Des glaciers rocheux inactifs sont mis en relation avec différentes phases pendant lesquelles a existe un pergélisol au cours du Tardiglaciaire et de THolocéne. Un pergélisol discontinu existe de nos jours au-dessus de 4.600 m d'altitude; il est apparu pendant le petit äge glaciaire. La limite inférieure des glaciers rocheux tardiglaciaires est 500 ä 600 m plus basse que celle des glaciers rocheux du petit äge glaciaire. KEY WORDS: Periglacial phenomena Permafrost Rock glaciers INTRODUCTION THE MEXICAN CORDILLERA NEOVOLCÁNICA The aims of the International Geological Corre• lation Programme project 297 (Geocryology of Geographic Setting, Altitudinal Belts the Americas) can only be achieved if the alti- tudinal and latitudinal changes and modifica• The area of investigation comprises the eastern tions of present-day and Quaternary periglacial part of the volcanic belt (Cordillera Neovolcánica) processes and landforms are recognized (see that is composed of eroded late Tertiary and Lautridou and Francou, 1992).
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The 2017 Buffalo Area Icing and Radar Study (BAIRS
This report is the result of studies performed at Lincoln Laboratory, a federally funded research and development center operated by Massachusetts Institute of Technology. This material is based upon work supported under Air Force Contract No. FA8702-15-D-0001. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Federal Aviation Administration. © 2020 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Delivered to the U.S. Government with Unlimited Rights, as defined in DFARS Part 252.227-7013 or 7014 (Feb 2014). Notwithstanding any copyright notice, U.S. Government rights in this work are defined by DFARS 252.227- 7013 or DFARS 252.227-7014 as detailed above. Use of this work other than as specifically authorized by the U.S. Government may violate any copyrights that exist in this work. This page intentionally left blank. ABSTRACT The second Buffalo Area Icing and Radar Study (BAIRS II) was conducted during the winter of 2017. The BAIRS II partnership between Massachusetts Institue of Technology (MIT) Lincoln Laboratory (LL), the National Research Council of Canada (NRC), and Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) was sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). It is a follow-up to the similarly sponsored partnership of the original BAIRS conducted in the winter of 2013. The original BAIRS provided in situ verification and validation of icing and hydrometeors, respectively, within the radar domain in support of a hydrometeor-classification-based automated icing hazard algorithm. The BAIRS II motivation was to: • Collect additional in situ verification and validation data, • Probe further dual polarimetric radar features associated with icing hazard, • Provide foundations for additions to the icing hazard algorithm beyond hydrometeor classifications, and • Further characterize observable microphysical conditions in terms of S-band dual polarimetric radar data.
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Implications of Present Ground Temperatures and Relict Stone Stripes in the Ethiopian Highlands for the Palaeoclimate of the Tropics” by Alexander R
Earth Surf. Dynam. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2020-53-RC1, 2020 © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Interactive comment on “Implications of present ground temperatures and relict stone stripes in the Ethiopian Highlands for the palaeoclimate of the tropics” by Alexander R. Groos et al. Stefan Grab (Referee) [email protected] Received and published: 8 July 2020 Referee report on: Implications of present ground temperatures and relict stone stripes in the Ethiopian Highlands for the palaeoclimate of the tropics Authors: Groos et al. General comments I am pleased to see that the Bale Mnts are receiving this geo- morphic attention it deserves. I have worked on a variety of periglacial landforms in various African environments over many years now - but to me the large scale sorted stone stripes presented in this paper from the Sanetti Plateau, are the most special and unique periglacial landforms I have yet seen in Africa. They are truly special and must rank amongst the largest and best examples globally, I would think. So work on C1 these is certainly called for and important to publish. I think the big challenge with these amazing landforms is ascertaining when they developed, how long they were actively forming for and when they might have become inactive (relict) periglacial phe- nomena. The second great challenge is ascertaining how they formed, because any misunderstanding as to their formation has serious implications to any climatic controls we attach to their genesis. I think these challenges are very real for this paper and when I read the work I see that this is where the paper has its struggles.
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A Study of Time Dependence During Serial Needle Ice Events
Arch. Met. Geoph. Biokl., Ser. A, 19, 329--337 (1970) by Springer-Verlag 1970 551.574.7:551.579.5 Department of Environmental Sciences University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, U. S. A. A Study of Time Dependence During Serial Needle Ice Events SAM I. OUTCALT With 2 Figures Received March 31, 1970 Revised Manuscript Received April 23, 1970 Summary Soil surface temperature, net radiation and soil heave data during a series of eleven consecutive needle ice growth-melt cycles at Vancouver, Canada, were studied using computer-graphic techniques. A method of analyzing the morpho- logic evolution of a needle growth using surface temperature and soil heave data is presented. Lastly, an atmospheric-geomorphic correlation matrix derived partially from the analysis of surface temperature-heave data is used to highlight the importance of afternoon evaporation in determining the course of an indi- vidual needle ice event within an event series. Zusammenfassung Ober die zeifliche Entwicklung bei der Bildung von Eisnadeln Bodentemperatur, Strahlungsbilanz und Bodenbewegungsdaten aus Vancouver, Kanada, werden ffir eine Serie von elf aufeinanderfolgenden Wachstums- und Schmelzzyklen von Eisnadeln graphisch wiedergegeben. Eine Methode zur Analyze der morphologischen Entwicklung des Nadelwachstums mit Hilfe yon Bodentemperaturen und Bodenbewegungsdaten wird beschrieben. Schlie~lich wird eine Korrelationsmatrize zwischen atmosphfirischen und geomorphologischen Daten teilweise ans den Daten der Bodentemperatur und Bodenbewegung abge- leitet und dazu benfitzt, die Bedeutung der Verdunstung am Nachmittag ffir den Verlauf der Nadelbildung innerhalb der beschriebenen Serie zu demonstrieren. 330 S. [. OUTCALT 1. Introduction Needle ice is the product of ice segregation near the soit surface (Fig. 1). Ice segregation is the increase in tile water (ice) volume fraction of a soil layer produced by the upward migration of soil water toward the freezing plane during diurnal frost events.
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