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Tilburg University Labor Recruitment and Economic Freedoms in Europe Tilburg University Labor recruitment and economic freedoms in Europe Cremers, Jan Published in: Labor Migration and Migrant Integration Policy in Germany and Russia Publication date: 2016 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in Tilburg University Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): Cremers, J. (2016). Labor recruitment and economic freedoms in Europe. In M. S. Rozanova (Ed.), Labor Migration and Migrant Integration Policy in Germany and Russia (pp. 47-58). Saint Petersburg State University. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 28. sep. 2021 LABOR MIGRATION AND MIGRANT INTEGRATION POLICY IN GERMANY AND RUSSIA Edited by Marya S. Rozanova Saint PeterSburg State univerSity Copyright © 2016 by Saint Petersburg State University; Print House “Scythia-Print;” Center for Civil, Social, Scientifc, and Cultural Initiatives “STRATEGIA” Recommended for publication and published by Saint Petersburg State University Center for Civil, Social, Scientifc, and 1/3 Smolnii Street, entrance 7 Cultural Initiatives “STRATEGIA” Saint Petersburg 191124 22-24 7th Krasnoarmeiskaya Street Russia Saint Petersburg 190005 Russia All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or uti- lized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafer invented, including photocopying, microflming, and recording, or in any information stor- age or retrieval system, without the prior permission from the publisher, except by a review- er who may quote passages in a review. Saint Petersburg State University; the Center for Civil, Social, Scientifc, and Cultural Initiatives “STRATEGIA;” and the Friedrich Ebert Foundation in Russia do not take in- stitutional positions on public policy issues; the views and recommendations presented in this publication do not necessarily represent the views of these organizations, their staf, or trustees. Labor migration and migrant integration policy in Germany and Russia / edited by Marya S. Rozanova. p. cm. Copyeditor and Proofreader: Larissa Galenes Primary Proofreader: Herbert Horn ISBN 978-5-98620-209-9 Typeset and printed on acid-free paper by Te Print House “Scythia-Print” 10 Bolshaya Pushkarskaya Street Saint Petersburg 197198 Russia Contents Acknowledgements iii Introduction: Migration Policy in Russia and Germany: Challenges and Perspectives (Conference Overview) 1 Marya S. Rozanova Part I: Modern Labor Migration in Russia 1 Te Phenomenon of New Immigration Countries: Russia’s Case in the European Context 11 Vladimir S. Malakhov 2 Labor Migrants in the Context of Russian Demographic, Economic, and Social Development Problems 24 Vladimir I. Mukomel 3 Transnational Migration in Russia and the Potential for Integration 34 Sergey N. Abashin Part II: Recruiting and Regulating Policies: How to Safeguard Socio-Economic Rights? 4 Labor Recruitment and Economic Freedoms in Europe 49 Jan Cremers 5 Managing Highly-Skilled Labor Migration in Germany: Law and Practice 66 Hans Dietrich von Loefelholz 6 Demographic Component in the Right to Pension: Comparative Analysis of Russia and Germany 85 Olga R. Gulina v vi CONTENTS Part III: New Epoch of Immigration Policy: A Comprehensive Approach to Migrant Integration 7 Multilevel Integration Policies 97 Friedrich Heckmann 8 Integration Monitoring in Germany: Empirical Analysis of Immigrant Integration Processes (With Particular Regard to the Federal State of Hessen) 107 Ingrid Wilkens 9 Ethnic Diversity and Tolerance Issues in Major Russian Cities: Te Case of St. Petersburg 128 Valeriy A. Achkasov 10 Russia as an Emerging Immigration Country? Changing Approaches to Migrant Integration: From Tolerance to the “Migration Police” (Te Case of St. Petersburg) 149 Marya S. Rozanova 11 Media Infuence on the Public Perception of Migrants and Migration in Germany 169 Ferry Pausch About the Contributors 177 About the Organizers 181 Acknowledgements Tis collective monograph is a product of the frst international conference on “Labor Migration and Migrant Integration in Germany and Russia” which was hosted by the St. Petersburg State University in 2014. Tis conference brought together an interdisciplinary group of experts from varying backgrounds to discuss the issues related to demographic change and its consequences, labor migration and its regulation, and migrant integration policies, both past and present, in Germany and Russia. We would like to express our deep appreciation to the Friedrich Ebert Foundation in Russia for the opportunity to publish this collective monograph and for its generous support of the conference on “Labor Migration and Migrant Integration in Germany and Russia.” Special thanks goes to Foundation director (from 2013 to 2015) Dr. Rudolf Traub-Merz for his wholehearted support, as well as to Foundation members Julia E. Tarassowa and Dr. Vera S. Dubina for helping to make the conference a success. We also extend our gratitude to the faculty and staf at St. Petersburg State University who highly contributed to organization of the conference: Professor Stanislav G. Eremeev (Dean, Faculty of Political Science), Professor Valeriy A. Achkasov (Head, Ethnopolitology Department), Dr. Alexander A. Nikiforov (Senior Lecturer, Ethnopolitology Department), as well as Maria S. Yedinova and the other masters students who volunteered their time for the conference. We appreciate the special eforts made by Dr. Marya S. Rozanova, Chairperson of the Center for Civil, Social, Scientifc, and Cultural Initiatives “STRATEGIA,” as well as Professor Friedrich Heckmann, Director of the european forum for migration studies (efms). We are very grateful to Christian J. Smith for his generous philanthropic contribution in fnancial support of German-Russian scientifc dialogue in general and, in particular, the publication of this monograph. Lastly, our sincerest thanks to all of the speakers and participants at the conference for their signifcant contributions to the Russian-German project on labor migration and mi- grant integration policy, which made this monograph possible. vii Introduction: Migration Policy in Russia and Germany: Challenges and Perspectives (Conference Overview) Marya S. Rozanova Tis collective monograph includes expert materials presented by keynote speakers at “Labor Migration and Migrant Integration in Germany and Russia: A Comparative Approach,” an international conference which took place at St. Petersburg State University on April 9–10, 2015.1 Russia and Germany face similar challenges related to the issues of unprecedented demographic change, labor migration, and migrant integration, despite the fact that Germany has been a part of the process of global migrations for a relatively long peri- od while Russia has only recently become integrated into the system. The structure of transnational migration flows in Russia is undergoing a gradual yet continual trans- formation similar to that which occurred in Germany (and Western Europe) twenty to thirty years ago, and which heralded the transformation of Germany into an immigra- tion country. European, and particularly German, experience with regard to managing migration and migrant integration may be instrumental in forecasting future developments and stra- tegic planning in the sphere of labor migration and immigration in Russia. In this context, a comparative analysis of Russian and German practices will prove to be extremely valuable for modern Russia. Te conference ofered a forum for the discussion of the following themes: • general labor migration trends in Russia and Germany • demographic change and the challenges of aging societies • the regulation of migration in the European Union at both EU and national levels, and the formation of new immigration countries • issues pertaining to protection of social and economic rights of labor migrants 1 2 MARYA S. ROZANOVA • specifc features of migration and integration policies at the subnational level (the cases of St. Petersburg in Russia, and the Federal State of Hessen in Germany) • escalating migrantophobia and strengthening of positions of right-wing political parties and movements in the receiving societies Te opening ceremony of the conference featured welcome messages by Stanislav G. Eremeev, the Dean of the Faculty of Political Science, St. Petersburg State University; Dr. Rudolf Traub-Merz, Head of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation in Russia; Reiner Haunreiter, Counselor of the Embassy of the Federal Republic of Germany in Moscow; Irina V. Ivanova, Member of the Legislative Assembly of St. Petersburg; Vadim Y. Okrushko, First Vice- Chairman, St. Petersburg Committee on Inter-Ethnic Relations and Implementation of Migration Policy; and Vitaly D. Ilchenko, Aide to Chief, Ofce of the Federal
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