Prepared in cooperation with the Florida Department of Environmental Protection and the South Florida Water Management District The Caloosahatchee River Estuary: A Monitoring Partnership Between Federal, State, and Local Governments, 2007–13

By Eduardo Patino

The tidal Caloosahatchee River and downstream estuaries also known as S–79 (fig. 2), which are operated by the USGS (fig. 1) have substantial environmental, recreational, and economic in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Lee value for southwest Florida residents and visitors. Modifications to County, and the City of Cape Coral. Additionally, a monitor- the Caloosahatchee River watershed have altered the predevelop- ing station was operated on Sanibel Island from 2010 to 2013 ment hydrology, thereby threatening the environmental health of (fig. 1) as part of the USGS Greater Everglades Priority Eco- estuaries in the area (South Florida Water Management District, system Science initiative and in partnership with U.S. Fish and 2014). Hydrologic monitoring of the freshwater contributions from Wildlife Service (J.N. Ding Darling National Wildlife Ref- tributaries to the tidal Caloosahatchee River and its estuaries is uge). Moving boat water-quality surveys throughout the tidal necessary to adequately describe the total freshwater inflow and Caloosahatchee River and downstream estuaries began in 2011 constituent loads to the delicate estuarine system. and are ongoing. Information generated by these monitoring From 2007 to 2013, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in networks has proved valuable to the FDEP for developing total cooperation with the Florida Department of Environmental Protec- maximum daily load criteria, and to the SFWMD for calibrat- tion (FDEP) and the South Florida Water Management District ing and verifying a hydrodynamic model. The information also (SFWMD), operated a flow and salinity monitoring network at supports the Caloosahatchee River Watershed Protection Plan tributaries flowing into and at key locations within the tidal Caloo- (South Florida Water Management District, Florida Department sahatchee River (fig. 1). This network was designed to supplement of Environmental Protection, and Florida Department of Agri- existing long-term monitoring stations, such as W.P. Franklin Lock, culture and Consumer Services, 2009).

82°10' 05' 82°00' 55' 50' 45' 81°40' 26°45' LEE COUNTY Telegraph Popash Creek Creek Study S-79 area W. P. Franklin Orange Lock and Dam Lake Hancock River 40' Okeechobee Creek Billy's Creek

Meade Canal Channel marker 52 Aries San Carlos Canal 35' Canal EXPLANATION

Courtney Whiskey Water control structure and USGS Canal Creek streamgaging station–Continuous Punta discharge and water level. Blanca Shell Point USGS tidal monitoring station–Continuous discharge and water level. Shell Point Canal 30' USGS water quality station–Continuous water quality data at each site Gulf of Mexico McIntyre Creek Punta Rassa specified in table 1. boat ramp 0 5 MILES

0 5 KILOMETERS 26°25' Sources: Esri, HERE, DeLorme, TomTom, Intermap, increment P Corp., GEBCO, USGS, FAO, NPS, Data Sources: NRCAN, GeoBase, IGN, Kadaster NL, Ordnance Survey, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong Kong), ESRI ArcGIS Map Service, swisstopo, MapmyIndia, © OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS User Community 1:9028, 2013 Figure 1. Caloosahatchee River Estuary monitoring stations.

U.S. Department of the Interior Fact Sheet 2014–3121 U.S. Geological Survey Printed on recycled paper December 2014 Tributary flows into the tidal Caloosahatchee River can vary seasonally in response to local rainfall patterns. Con- versely, discharge at S–79 is based on operational schedules for the control structure and the regulation of water levels at Lake Okeechobee. Discharge data from 2007 to 2013 indicate that S–79 freshwater inflow to the tidal Caloosahatchee River is substantially greater than the total inflow from all monitored tributaries (fig. 4). The continuous water-quality monitoring network within the tidal Caloosahatchee River and its tributaries included the collection of salinity and temperature data for locations and periods listed in table 1. The techniques and methods used to collect, process, and publish data from these monitoring stations are provided in Wagner and others (2006). Figure 2. Control structure S–79 at Franklin Locks. Periodic Near-Surface Water-Quality Surveys Continuous Monitoring Networks At least six times per year, near-surface water-quality Each monitoring station within the tidal Caloosahatchee surveys of the tidal Caloosahatchee River and downstream estu- River, its tributaries, and downstream estuaries required a aries were completed to produce water-quality maps (Booth and variety of techniques and methods to collect, analyze, and verify others, 2014). These surveys typically began at the boat ramp the hydrologic data obtained during the monitoring period. near Punta Rassa, entered San Carlos Bay, circled around Pine The periods of record for the data recorded at each monitoring Island, and ended upstream along the Caloosahatchee River station are listed in table 1. near the W.P. Franklin Lock (S–79) (fig. 1). Monitoring stations at W.P. Franklin Lock (S–79), Whiskey During the surveys, concurrent water-quality sensor and Creek, Aries Canal, Meade Canal, San Carlos Canal, and Court- coordinate data were recorded as the boat traveled throughout ney Canal measure continuous flow and water levels at control the study area. A pump system brought near-surface water structures with vertical lift gates, broad-crested weirs, or both. onboard and into the flow-through cell containing the water- The techniques and methods used to collect, process, and pub- quality sensors. Salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, lish data from these monitoring stations are described in Rantz and turbidity data were recorded at 5-second intervals. A salin- and others (1982). ity map was generated from a water-quality survey on August At tidally affected and open-channel sections of the 1, 2013, during a period of large freshwater releases at S–79 Caloosahatchee River and its tributaries, use of the index veloc- (fig. 5). The techniques and methods used to calibrate the sen- ity method was required to accurately determine flow. Index sor prior to each survey and post-process the data have been velocity meters were therefore installed at additional stations published by Wagner and others (2006), Soderqvist and Patino located at Telegraph Creek, Orange River, Popash Creek, Billy’s (2010), and Booth and others (2013). Creek, Caloosahatchee River at Channel Marker 52, Hancock Creek, Caloosahatchee River at Shell Point, Shell Point Canal, Products and Data Availability and McIntyre Creek (fig. 3). The techniques and methods used Data and information published as a result of these collab- to collect, process, and publish data from these monitoring orative monitoring networks are available to resource managers, stations are described in Levesque and Oberg (2012). researchers, and the public through the USGS National Water Information System (NWIS) and South Florida Information Access (SOFIA) Web sites. Fifteen-minute and daily time-series data are available either at the NWIS (http://waterdata.usgs. gov/fl/nwis/sw/) or SOFIA (http://sofia.usgs.gov/projects/index. php?project_url=flow_caloo) Web sites. Data searches can be made by station name or station number (table 1). Maps and data for near-surface water-quality surveys can be retrieved from the SOFIA Web site at http://sofia.usgs.gov/exchange/ ding_wqs/index.php.

References Cited

Booth, A.C., Knight, T.M., and Soderqvist L.E., 2013, Near- surface water-quality surveys of the Caloosahatchee River and downstream estuaries, Florida, USA: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release, http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F70863BC. Figure 3. Caloosahatchee River at the marker 52 monitoring station. 22,000

20,000

18,000 EXPLANATION Franklin Lock (S-79) discharge

16,000 Total monitored tributary discharge

Total discharge 14,000

12,000

10,000

8,000

6,000 Mean daily discharge, in cubic feet per second 4,000

2,000

0 A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Figure 4. Total monitored discharge into the tidal Caloosahatchee River, contributions from control structure S–79, and contributions from monitored tributaries.

82°15' 10' 05' 82°00' 55' 50' 81°45'

0 5 MILES

26°45' 0 5 KILOMETERS

W. P. Franklin Lock and Dam

40' EXPLANATION Salinity, in parts per thousand 0 to 2.0 2.1 to 4.0 4.1 to 6.0 6.1 to 8.0 35' 8.1 to 10.0 10.1 to 12.0 12.1 to 14.0 14.1 to 16.0 16.1 to 18.0 18.1 to 20.0 20.1 to 22.0 22.1 to 24.0 30' 24.1 to 26.0 Gulf of Mexico 26.1 to 28.0 Punta Rassa 28.1 to 30.0 boat ramp 30.1 to 32.0 32.1 to 34.0 34.1 to 36.0 36.1 to 38.0 26°25' 38.1 to 40.0

Map image is the intellectual property of Esri and is used herein under license. Sources: Esri, GEBCO, NOAA, National Geographic, DeLorme, Copyright © 2014 Esri and its licensors. All rights reserved. HERE, Geonames.org, and other contributors

Figure 5. Example of salinity-survey data collected along the tidal Caloosahatchee River and downstream estuaries on August 1, 2013. Table 1. Area monitoring stations, including location, available data, and period of record.

[USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; ddmmss, degrees, minutes, seconds]

Available data Period of record USGS USGS Latitude Longitude Water Temper- station name station number (ddmmss) (ddmmss) Discharge Salinity Start End level ature Caloosahatchee River 02292900 26°43'25" 81°41'55" × 01-Oct-69 Ongoing at S-79 × 01-May-66 Ongoing Telegraph Creek 022929176 26°43'48" 81°42'07" × × 02-Nov-07 30-Sep-10 × × 02-Nov-07 09-Apr-13 Orange River 02293055 26°41'31" 81°45'34" × × 22-Nov-07 30-Sep-10 × × 22-Nov-07 09-Apr-13 Popash Creek 02293090 26°42'57" 81°48'31" × × 27-Dec-07 04-Apr-13 Billys Creek 02293190 26°39'14" 81°50'26" × × 29-Feb-08 08-May-13 Caloosahatchee River 02293205 26°38'29" 81°52'58" × × 20-Oct-07 30-Sep-10 at Channel Marker 52 × × 20-Oct-07 08-May-13 Hancock Creek at 264006081534400 26°40'06" 81°53'44" × × 02-Apr-08 30-Sep-10 Pondella Road × × 02-Apr-08 11-Apr-13 Whiskey Creek 02293230 26°34'27" 81°53'29" × × 13-Apr-94 Ongoing Meade Canal 02293214 26°38'10" 81°55'48" × × 19-Nov-86 30-Apr-13 San Carlos Canal 02293241 26°36'11" 81°57'48" × × 19-Nov-86 03-Apr-13 Aries Canal 02293240 26°36'00" 81°59'39" × × 01-Oct-89 31-Aug-13 Courtney Canal 02293243 26°34'40" 81°59'00" × × 18-Nov-86 31-Jul-13 Caloosahatchee River 263144082010400 26°31'44" 82°01'04" × × 18-Dec-07 30-Sep-10 at Punta Blanca Caloosahatchee River 02293210 26°31'26" 82°00'16" × × 21-Dec-07 29-Apr-13 at Shell Point Shell Point Canal 263120081595500 26°31'20" 81°59'55" × 21-Dec-07 29-Apr-13 McIntyre Creek 02293249 26°27'51" 82°06'16" × × × × 06-Mar-10 10-Dec-13 at Sanibel Island1 1Dissolved oxygen, pH, and turbidity data are also available for this site for the period of record shown.

Levesque, V.A., and Oberg, K.A., 2012, Computing discharge South Florida Water Management District, Florida Department using the index velocity method: U.S. Geological Survey of Environmental Protection, and Florida Department of Techniques and Methods, book 3, chapter A23, 148 p., Agriculture and Consumer Services, 2009, Caloosahatchee accessed August 19, 2014, at http://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/3a23/. River Watershed Protection Plan: South Florida Water Management District Web site accessed October 30, 2014, at Rantz S.E., and others, 1982a, Measurement and computation http://www.sfwmd.gov/portal/page/portal/xrepository/sfwmd_ of streamflow: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper repository_pdf/ne_crwpp_main_123108.pdf 2175, v. 1–2, 631 p., accessed August 19, 2014, at http://pubs. usgs.gov/wsp/wsp2175/. Wagner, R.J., Bougler, R.W., Oblinger, C.J., and Smith, B.A., 2006, Guidelines and standard procedures for continuous Soderqvist, L.E., and Patino, Eduardo, 2010, Seasonal and water-quality monitors—Station operation, record computa- spatial distribution of freshwater flow and salinity in the Ten tion, and data reporting: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques Thousand Islands Estuary, Florida, 2007–2009: U.S. Geologi- and Methods, book 1, chap. D3, 51 p., accessed August 19, cal Survey Data Series 501, 24 p., accessed August 19, 2014, 2014, at http://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2006/tm1D3/. at http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/501/. South Florida Water Management District, 2014, Coastal water- For more information, contact: sheds, Caloosahatchee River and estuary: South Florida Water Director, USGS Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center Management District Web site accessed August 19, 2014, at 4446 Pet Lane, Suite 108, http://www.sfwmd.gov/portal/page/portal/xweb%20protect- Lutz, FL 33559 ing%20and%20restoring/caloosahatchee%20strategies. http//fl.water.usgs.gov ISSN 2327-6932 http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20143121