MARCH 3, 1967 The Texas Observer

A Journal of Free Voices A Window to The. South 25c

THE N.S.A.-C.I.A. AFFAIR Texas, Philanthropy, 007, And the Varsity Drag

Washington, D.C. along C.I.A. money. Nine Texas founda- ganized the anti-Castro Free Cuba Radio. Cong. Bob Eckhardt of Houston cailed tions have been listed in reports so far The founder of Christianform was Nicho- the reaction to the news that the Central ( See accompanying article.) las T. Nonnemacher, former assistant edi- Intelligence Agency has been paying mon- The Hobby Foundation of Houston, for tor of the right-wing publication Human ey to the National Student Assn. "a tern- example, gave $75,000 to the American Events. The advisory board of the Cuban pest in a teapot." This was the judgment Friends of the Middle East in 1964 ( the Freedom Committe includes not only such made by most Southern members of Con- last year for which data is available ), noted right-wingers as John B. McClatchy, gress (it was precisely the wording of $40,000 to Radio Free Europe, $50,000 to Philadelphia businessman who is a life Sen. John Stennis of Mississippi). But the Fund for International Social and member of Christian Anti-Communism some in Congress, and of course many Economic Education, and $100,000 to the Crusade, and ex-Cong. Donald Bruce, a big newspapers, did not take such a com- Berlin Institute for Underdeveloped Coun- man in the Manion Forum and Human placent attitude to what Eckhardt called tries. The last two institutions have not Events world, but also a couple of fairly "subsidizing nice Americans to go over- yet been linked to C.I.A. activities. But well-known Texans, Mrs. Oveta Culp seas and show the rest of the world what Radio Free Europe is generally accepted Hobby, publisher of the Houston Post, nice people we are." to be a C.I.A. activity, and indeed the and Peter O'Donnell, Dallas businessman It will be just as well for Texas' reputa- New York Times has taken the big leap who lead the National Draft Goldwater tion if the promised or threatened or ru- to say so in print. Committee and is the chairman of the mored investigation into the C.I.A.'s Another conduit for funnelling money Texas - Republican Party. largesse does not come off, because it to the A.F.M.E. is the San Jacinto Founda- This is not to say, however, that all C.I.A. now looks like Texans have taken a lead- tion of Houston. funds that were channelled through the foundations were intended for right-wing ing and often questionable role in it all. The A.F.M.E. is ari interesting outfit This is not to insist that the Texas stu- groups. The N.S.A., American Newspaper that has a pro-Arab, anti-Zionist reputa- Guild, and Retail Clerks International dents who were NSA officers knew of the tion. The late, columnist Dorothy Thomp- cloak-and-dagger source of their money; hardly fall into that category. son was one of the founders of Turning to other foundation outlets: they may have, and they may not have. the A.F.M.E. Eisenhower's pastor, the In any event, the University of Texas has Rev. L. R. Elson, was a national chair- N.S.A. officials identified the San Ja- contributed two presidents and six vice- man of A.F.M.E., at which time he likened cinto Foundation as one of their taps, and presidents to the N.S.A., more than any the Zionist movement to the German- also the R. E. Smith Foundation, the latter other school. Other U.T. exes have served American Bund. On A.F.M.E.'s board is apparently named for Houston's well- on the association's staff, men such as Jim Kermit Roosevelt of Gulf Oil Company, known real estate mogul. The M. D. An- Smith, a former president of the U.T. stu- who was rumored to have participated in derson Foundation of Houston, one of dent body, who was one of the N.S.A.'s some Middle East politics that helped whose trustees is President Johnson's pal founders and presided over its constitu- establish governments favorable to U.S. Leon Jaworski, and the Hoblitzelle Foun- tional convention; Ron Story, who was on oil companies. Nine months ago I wrote dation of Dallas, one of whose trustees is the N.S.A. staff in 1963-'64; Jim Fowler, on a similar description in The Nation of the Presidential favorite Judge S'arah T. the N.S.A. staff in 1964-'65, who is now A.F.M.E. and linked that outfit to several Hughes, have also been identified as C.I.A. executive director of the U.S. Youth Coun- C.I.A.-conduit foundations. This was the conduits. cil in New York, which has also been in- first published mention of this organiza- volved in the C.I.A.-money discussion; tion's ties to the C.I.A. The daily press Reed Martin, who was on the N.S.A. staff NOW, YOU MIGHT be inter- ignored it, of course, because oil is a ested to know how it is known that foun- with Fowler in 1965-'66; Don Richard much more sacred thing than college kids. Smith, vice president of the N.S.A. for in- dations such as M. D. Anderson and Hoblit- Earl Bunting, a former president of the zelle have been used. In addition to the ternational affairs in 1961-'62; Hoyt Purvis, National Assn. of Manufacturers and a editor of the Daily Texan in 1961-'62 and N.S.A. staff's tattling, the clues have been former chairman of the A.F.M.E., protest- plucked from Cong. Wright Patman's 1964 editor of the N.S.A.'s American Student in ed the "irresponsibility" of my accusa- 1965 (he is now working for the World hearings on tax-exempt foundations. - In tions. Now there is further proof of just those hearings Patman unloaded a bomb- Association of Youth, Brussels, also one how phony Bunting's protests were. of the whispered groups ); and Julius shell by saying on the opening of the com- Glickman, president of the U.T. student The shuffling of funds among the C.I.A.- mittee's day, Aug. 31, 1964: body in 1962-'63 and on the N.S.A. staff in front foundations was found to profit not "You will recall during our hearing of 1964-'65. only the American Friends of the Middle Aug. 10 [Patman was addressing Acting East, but also an organization called Cmsr. of Internal Revenue, Bertrand M. Christianform, which in turn was discov- Harding] I asked you to explain the fact TEXAS ALSO supplied some of ered to be putting money into the Cuban that the I.R.S. has taken no action on the the key conduit-foundations for passing Freedom Committee, which in turn or- Kaplan Fund for several years, despite

II the fact that millions of dollars in tax lia- cheerfully admitted it. Most of the money, sistant, Harry Olsher, in their accumula- bilities may be involved. Whereupon you he ,said, was spent studying South Ameri- tion of foundation data. But a mound of requested that Mr. Rogovin be permitted can politics. Part of the work was done by data is of no value unless the searchers to consult with us privately, and I ac- a University of Texas professor, he said. know which direction to hunt. The left- ceeded to your request. The reason I go into this chronology is wing magazines gave directions, proving "After due consideration," Patman con- to point out that neither Congress nor the once again the reason for the existence of tinued, "I believe the public interest will daily press did much to uncover the such journals as The Nation and Ram- be best served if the information imparted Roods; indeed, considering the great man- parts. to us by Mr. Rogovin is made part of this power and money at their disposal for At one point, apparently completely bum- hearing record. Mr. Rogovin informed us such an investigation, they did virtually foozled by what was going on, the Times' that the J. M. Kaplan Fund has been op- nothing. All of the major disclosures— James Reston recently wrote: "Rep. erating as a conduit for channeling C.I.A. pointing to specific uses of the C.I.A. Wright Patman, Democrat of Texas, has funds and hence you would rather not funds via foundations; and the ties with been threatening to investigate the foun- discuss the matter for the public record. the student groups; and the ties with pro- dations of the country for years, and these He also indicated that the fund's opera- fessional groups—were made through latest disclosures are not likely to discour- tions with the C.I.A. was the reason for the magazines of dissent that are practically afe his efforts in this field." lack of action on the part of the I.R.S." always hard up for money and which are Has been "threatening" to? Where has And for the next half hour, Patman accustomed to having establishment doors sparred around with the I.R.S. officials, slammed in their faces. Reston been? Where has the New York Times been? Of course, we know where bringing out the fact that the . I.R.S. was in Of course, the core of the investigation cahoots with the C.I.A. in this deception was created by Patman and his great as- the Texas daily press has been. El and that in fact there was plenty of C.I.A.- foundations deception going on. But then Patman went soft. He is a great fighter in the preliminaries. But the main events are too long for him; he tires. So, when he demanded to know what part THE NEWS DRIFTS in the Kaplan undercover work was played by other foundations, the I.R.S. officials coaxed him into going into exe- cutive session, throwing the reporters out, and keeping everything very much off the WESTWARD TO TEXAS record. The only thing reporters found out on that occasion was that some mys- terious funds were piped into the Kaplan Austin his reported death indirectly; a represen- Fund from these tax-exempt outfits: the The Eastern press has done most of tative used to come by to pick up any Gotham Foundation, the Michigan Fund, the work in disclosing which Texas foun- messages for him; the answering service the Price Fund, the Edsel Fund, the An- dations have been involved in the passing was paid for, though no one remembers drew Hamilton Fund, the Borden Trust, on of Central Intelligence Agency funds how. the Beacon Fund, and the Kentfield Fund. and in revealing the details. Once a foun- The Herald's reporters checked a variety The daily press went ape over these dation from this state is named in a New of city, county, and federal records and disclosures, but soon let the matter drop. York or a Washington newspaper, then could find no trace of a Dana Kentfield or his fund. No one in other philanthropic the Texas daily in whose bailiwick the ,Then, last May, George Rucker, a bril- work recalled hearing the name. It was foundation is located gets to work. But liant young economics Ph.D. who is on Ramparts maga- Texas coverage of even this aspect of the first mentioned in the the staff of Group Research Inc. in Wash- zine article which began the N.S.A.- story has not been comprehensive and ington, gave me information showing a said that the obtaining a meaningful picture of the en- C.I.A. hassle. Ramparts most intricate razz-ma-tazz shuffling of "Kentfield Fund of Dallas" is one of six tire matter is difficult unless one has ac- money among these. foundations and the "C.I.A.-suspect" foundations; the other cess to one or other of the Eastern papers, Kaplan Fund. His investigations pushed five foundations have all been located and which have been blanketing the story. the C.I.A.-Kaplan investigation far be- evidently have been involved in passing yond the point ,at which it had been left All nine of the Texas institutions desig- C.I.A. money. by Patman and proved once and for all nated so far are based in either Houston, that any organization that had anything which has five, or Dallas. By name they R ESPONSE TO newsmen's in- to do with • the eight .above-mentioned are the San Jacinto, M. D. Anderson, quiries by officials of the eight other foundations was more than likely being Hobby, Marshall, and R. E. Smith Founda- Texas foundations mentioned has been fed by the C.I.A. Rucker's findings were tions of Houston and, in Dallas, the Karl either refusal or reluctance to talk about published in The Nation magazine. Hoblitzelle, Jones-O'Donnell, and Florence the affair—or an open-handed admission Then on Feb. 14 Ramparts magazine Foundations, and the Kentfield Fund. of involvement accompanied by the view published full-page ads in the New York The Dallas Times-Herald, which has that the foundations were serving the na-. Times and the Washington Post to pub- been the most active of Texas papers in tional interest in this regard. licize its March issue, which contains a working on the C.I.A.-foundations • story, William P. Hobby Jr., executive editor story detailing the C.I.A.-N.S.A. tie-up. had a good time trying to track down the of the Houston Post, said that the Hobby That really blew the lid off. Kentfield people. The fund is listed in the Foundation, of which he is a trustee, has phone book, but it turns out that the num- been a C.I.A. conduit for two or three ber is that of an answering service. Per- years. "We are glad to have done it and F URTHER DISCLOSURES proud to have been of service to the fed- were made a few days later,, again in The sonnel at the service were a bit vague about who subscribed for the fund, but eral government," he added. The Hobby Nation, that the C.I.A. had been support- finally came up with the name of "Dana fund was established by Hobby's parents, ing an organization called Operations and the late William P. Hobby, a former Texas Policy Research, headed by Dr. Evron Kentfield," who, they believed, was some sort of philanthropist: he used to give governor, and his wife, Oveta Culp Hobby, Kirkpatrick, executive director of the now Houston Post publisher and a former American Political Science Association, a money to students. He died a year or so ago, they thought, and the fund hasn't Secy. of Health, Education and Welfare prestigious fraternity of 16,000 political under President Eisenhower. science profs. Again the tip came from been in existence in that time. Why, then, is the fund's number still in the phone The Observer has come across no Post •Group Research. All I had to do was trot stories about the Hobby Foundation, over and ask Dr. Kirkpatrick if he had book? "Oh, is it?" a lady at the answering service replied. "That's just carelessness though a story about the involvement of been taking money from the C.I.A. and he Houston's M. D. AnderSon Foundation on our part." Nobody at the service recalls 2 The Texas Observer ever seeing Mr. Kentfield; they heard of with the C.I.A. was on the Post's front page a few days before the Hobby Founda- T h e Jones-O'Donnell Foundation's tion was found, by the New York Times, T HE KARL Hoblitzelle Fund, president is Peter O'Donnell, the head of to be involved. Later the Houston Chroni- Dallas, was the first in Texas to be im- the Texas Republican Party. Other officers plicated in the story. Karl Hoblitzelle, are Leo Corrigan, Jr., vice-president; and cle, on an inside page, quoted the Times Mrs. Edith Jones O'Donnell, secretary- story about the Hobby Foundation. Texas theatre magnate who created the treasurer. O'Donnell has refused comment foundation, with his wife in 1942, was ill Tax-exempt foundations such as those other than to say the fund had nothing to and unavailable for comment. John Q. do with the G.O.P., nor was it set up involved with the C.I.A. are required to Adams, the fund's vice-president and man- solely to funnel C.I.A. money. He promised file an annual statement of their income aging director, was not available either. that "I will have mre to say about it at a and disbursements with the Internal Rev- James Aston, local banker and also a later date." The Dallas Times-Herald enue Service. The Times, after studying trustee of the foundation, said he had no found that the fund first received money Internal ReVenue Service reports, asked knowledge of C.I.A. money. Records in- in 1961 from two foundations that are known as C.I.A. fronts, the Borden Trust dicate the Hoblitzelle Foundation began Hobby why his foundation didn't list, in and the Price Fund. Disbursements by funnelling C.I.A. funds probably in 1958, the public record portion of its I.R.S. O'Donnell's fund include those to the mostly to the International Co-Operative American Friends of the Middle East, the statements, the sources of contributions Development Fund and the Congress for Cuban Freedom Commission of the Chris- received. Cultural Freedom. Another trustee of the tian Form, the Congress of Cultural Free- Hoblitzelle Foundation is U.S. Dist. Judge "If you read the instructions very care- dom, and the Commitee of Correspond- Sarah T. Hughes. The fund listed assets ence. fully," Hobby answered "you will find that of $21.7 million in April, 1965. you don't have to file in duplicate that The officials of another Dallas fund, the part of the form on which contributions The San Jacinto Fund, in Houston, is Florence Foundation, have not been iden- listed in the Ramparts magazine article as [to the foundations] are to be reported. tified. The Republic National Bank of one of five that channels C.I.A. funds to Dallas is listed as its trustee. A bank And they very carefully were not filed in student groups. One of its trustees is a spokesman told the Times-Herald that duplicate." Houston account ant, Francis G. O'Connor, "the foundation has filed all reports re- who works for a firm that's located one The New York Times found that the quired by law. We have no other com- floor above the fund's offices. O'Connor ment." Tax records show C.I.A. involve- Hobby Foundation channelled about $687,- would say only that he is secretary-treas- ment dating back to 1963. 000 of C.I.A. funds in 1963 through 1965. urer of the fund and its only officer. He Most of this went to the American Friends declined comment on its activities. The The Marshall Foundation of Houston fund is one of ten foundations whose pub- was created by an oilman and rancher, of the Middle East; the Fund for Interna- Douglas B. Marshall and Mrs. Marshall. tional, Social, and Economic Education; lic records aren't available at the Founda- The Washington Post suspects that the the Berliner Verein; and the International tion Library Center in Washington, D. C. fund might be involved with the C.I.A. Development Foundation. An I.R.S. spokesman says that the service is checking its files for information about since it gave $25,000 to the Vernon Fund Hobby said that the most recent trans- San Jacinto but notes that there is no of Washington, which has received money action for the C.I.A. was not more than penalty if a foundation fails to file such from other foundations that has been three months ago and "we would help information annually. identified as a C.I.A. conduit. G. 0. again anytime they ask us." Trustees of the Anderson Fund, also THE TEXAS OBSERVER of. Houston, are John H. Freeman (presi- I) Texas Observer Co., Ltd. 1967 dent), W. B. Bates (vice-president), and A Journal of Free Voices A Window to the South Leon Jaworski, an LBJ intimate who has 61st YEAR—ESTABLISHED 1906 been mentioned at times in the past year March 3, 1967 as a prospective US. Attorney General or Vol. 58, No. 28 Supreme Court justice. The Washington Incorporating the State Observer and the None of the other people who are associated Post has found that the Anderson Fund East Texas Democrat, which in turn incor- with the enterprise shares this responsibility received $655,000 from "C.I.A.-front foun- ported the State Week and Austin Forum- with him. Writers are responsible for their own dations" between 1958 and 1964 and Advocate. work, but not for anything they have not them- We will serve no group or party but will hew selves written, and in publishing them the edi- passed on exactly that amount to the hard to the truth as we find it and the right tor does not necessarily imply that he agrees American Fund for Free Jurists, Inc., as we see it. We are dedicated to the whole with them, because this is a journal of free New York City, which has since been truth, to human values above all interests, to voices. renamed the American Council for the the rights of man as the foundation of democ- Subscription Representatives: Arlington, International Commission of Jurists racy; we will take orders from none but our George N. Green, 300 E. South College St., CR 7- own conscience, and never will we overlook or 0080; Austin, Mrs. Helen C. Spear, 2615 Pecos, ( ACICJ). The commission is described misrepresent the truth to serve the interests HO 5-1805; Corpus Christi, Penny Dudley, as a group of legal scholars in 29-non- 12241/2 Second St., TU4-1460; Dallas, Mrs. Cor- of the powerful or cater to the ignoble in the dye Hall. 5835 Ellsworth, TA 1-1205; Denton, communist countries that "publishes stu- human spirit. Fred Lusk, Box 8134 NTS, 387-3119; Ft. Worth, dies concerning the protection of individ- Editor. Greg Olds. Dolores Jacobsen, 3025 Greene Ave., WA 4-9655; uals from arbitrary governments." Partner, Mrs. R. D. Randolph., Houston, Mrs. Shirley Jay, 10306 Cliffwood Dr., Editor-at-large, Ronnie Dugger, PA 3-8682; Lubbock, Doris Blaisdell, 2515 24th Freeman refused at first to confirm or Business Manager, Sarah Payne. St., Midland, Eva Dennis, 4306 Douglas, OX 4- Associate Manager, C. R. Olofson. 2825; Snyder, Enid Turner, 1706 Glenwood, EM deny that C.I.A. money had been funnelled Staff Artist, Charles Erickson. 6-2269; San Antonio, Mrs. Mae B. Tuggle, 531 to the Anderson Fund. "I feel some meas- Elmhurst, TA 6-3583; Cambridge, Mass., Victor Contributing Editors, Elroy Bode, Winston Emanuel, Adams House C112. ure of hesitancy on commenting on that Bode, Bill Brammer, Larry Goodwyn, Harris The Observer is published by Texas Observer Houston Post re- Green, Dave Hickey, Franklin Jones, Lyman Co., Ltd., biweekly from Austin, Texas. En- situation," he told a Jones, Larry L. King, Georgia Earnest Klipple, porter, "first because I couldn't remember Al Melinger. Robert L. Montgomery, Willie tered as second-class matter April 26, 1937, at all of it." He referred the reporter to rec- Morris, James Presley, Charles Ramsdell, Roger the Post Office at Austin, Texas, under the Act Shattuck, Robert Sherrill, Dan Strawn, Tom of March 3, 1879. Second class postage paid at ords on file with the state attorney gen- Sutherland, Charles Alan Wright. Austin. Texas. Delivered postage prepaid $6.00 eral and the Harris County judge. Later Contributing Photographer, Russell Lee. a year; two years, $11.00; eiiree years, $15.00. that day, a Houston Chronicle reporter The Observer publishes articles, essays, and Foreign rates on request. Single copies 25c; had a little better luck. Freeman told him creative work of the shorter forms having to prices for ten or more for students, or bulk that "Personally, I'm very much in favor do in various ways with this area. The pay orders, on request. depends; at present it is _token. Unsolicited Editorial and Business Offices: The Texas of what [ the ACICJ] is doing. There is manuscripts must be accompanied by return Observer. 504 West 24th St.. Austin, Texas 78705. nothing cloak and dagger about it." The postage. Telephone GR 7 -0746. Anderson Fund had assets of 543.6 million The editor has exclusive control over the edi- Change of Address: Please give old and new in 1964. torial policies and contents of the Observer. address and allow three weeks. Franklin Spears at Harvard Victor Emanuel Cambridge, Mass. low-point of politidal interest among the State Dept. deputy legal advisor. These Sociologists criticize the use of the term electorate. One student whistled in near men participate as fellows at the institute "Establishment" for its imprecision, but disbelief. for the same reason that Spears was in- "anyone who has run for public office in Spears argued that these procedures vited, to further the ideal of cooperation Texas knows what the term means." So and the proposed restriction of registra- between the academic and political said Franklin Spears at Harvard Universi- tion locations to places normally open to worlds, which is the institute's stated pur- ty during a seminar on Texas politics at the public are designed to discourage peo- pose, following the example of President the Institute of Politics of the John Fitz- ple from registering or voting. Annual Kennedy. gerald Kennedy School of Government. registration encourages election fraud, he At a luncheon that noon Spears was Spears explained that during his 1966 said, because records aren't kept on a the guest of Dr. Richard E. Neustadt, di- campaign for attorney general, when he permanent basis. rector of the institute, and Harvard law challenged Texas' "Establishment," he Discussing the issue of interest rates, professor Adam Yarmolinsky, a former faced an opponent, Crawford Martin, who Spears evoked hearty laughter when he trouble-shooter and idea man in the De- had the endorsement of 101 of the state's remarked that "Texas is not the Lone fense Dept. under Presidents Kennedy 103 daily newspapers, a four-to-one fi- Star State, but the Loan Shark State," and Johnson. Later in the day he met nancial advantage, and a 60-to-8 superiori- as interests rates of up to 320% on small with Texans who are in the university's ty in headquarters workers. loans are permitted. The former state Economics Dept., including faculty mem- The Institute of Politics conducts semi- senator from San Antonio said that he bers David Kendrick and Henry Jacoby nars each week, discussing candidate and others in the legislature had hoped and graduate student Tom Sears. They strategy and decision making. Attending that the 320% law might later be revised discussed some of the problems of at- are faculty members and students. Many but, he went on, once a bill is passed it tracting more industry to Texas. Spears of the undergraduates have worked in ceases to be an object of much public explained the bill that he tried, unsucces- political campaigns; for instance, the son concern. fully, to have passed in the legislature, to of Richard Duncan, who worked in his bring intrastate railroad rates into line father's unsuccessful race against U.S. Prof. H. Douglas Price, director of the with those of other major industrial state. Sen. Mark Hatfield in Oregon. Also par- seminar and a member of the Harvard It costs, he said, more to send a ship- ticipating is a young man who was active government faculty, said afterwards that ment by rail from Dallas to San Antonio in Hatfield's campaign, organizing youth Spears "was one of the most valuable (280 miles) than from Chicago to Dallas groups. The main points discussed at the guests the seminar has heard; it was one (900 miles). Harvard seminars are: the factors in de- of the most profitable seminars of the year." There is interest at Harvard in Texas ciding whether, and when, to make a po- politics. Spears found many who were litical race; the role of issues in cam- The next day Spears met with fellows conversant with the state's public affairs. paigning; the use of polls; raising and of the Harvard Institute of Politics, in- Many have expressed interest in the move- spending money; whether to issue or ac- cluding Hale Champion, former Califor- ment of some Texans, of whom they cept challenges to debate. nia director of finance; John Stewart, judged Spears to be one, to begin "a special assistant to Vice President Hum- new era in Texas politics and society." SPEARS, THE first Texas poli- phrey; and Andreas Lowenfeld, former tician invited to participate in the insti- tute, said that a key difficulty in running a political campaign in Texas is the dif- ference in what concerns people from region to region. He contrasted the poli- ECKHARDT PLANS U.S. tics of South Texas and of East Texas, as an example. Spears noted that since his 1966 race OPEN BEACHES BILL was the only serious statewide contest, he had to carry all the burden of arousing Washington, D. C. Eckhardt so far has introduced only the electorate from the apathy of an off- Cong. Bob Eckhardt of Houston is one bill, to require that plants in metro- year election. This was all the more dif- planning to clear all the beaches of the politan areas of one million or more pop- ficult, he said, because he was not run- United States for public use, as his ulation meet certain air pollution "emis- ning for one of the state's highest offices. beaches bill in the Texas legislature estab- sion" standards. Within a year after his He observed that only 10% of the free lished the public's right to the perpetual act passed, if it did, the federal govern- registrants voted. use of the Texas gulf beaches. ment would develop general standards for Spears spoke of the need to shorten The newly-arrived congresman has a testing the ambient air for metropolitan the ballot to encourage voter participa- number of federal agencies conducting areas of 500,000 or more, and if there was tion and awareness. He spoke out strong- research into the laws of the coastal states too much pollution, then the "emission" ly against annual registration and the on this subject. standards for plants would be applied in "There is no law in any of the coastal these areas, also. If federal standards are proposed restrictions on registration lo- not being met, violators would be prose- cales. Spears told the seminar that Texas states that either defines a beach or sets up clearly a declaration of the public's cuted by civil injunction suits brought by has the earliest registration cut-off in the the U.S. attorney general. nation, Jan. 31, nine months before the right to use the beaches," except for the general election and three months before new Texas law, he told the Observer here. At present, the federal water anti-pollu- The laW he contemplates would say that the primary. The deadline occurs at the tion law requires that states set up anti- where a state has gone to the full extent of pollution standards, or else the federal Victor Emanuel is the Observer's sub- permitting its laws to protect the exist- government will do so. Eckhardt contends scription representative at Harvard Uni- ing public right to the beaches, the that this can result in states setting up versity. He was with Franklin Spears dur- beaches may then be obtained for com- paper programs to avoid federal standards ing much of Spears' visit there. plete public use by the power of eminent without actually insisting that pollution domain. The federal government would be stopped. 4 The Texas Observer match the cost with the state. "The experience of the water quality act in Texas has been that in a reluctant state, Eckhardt has called on President John- effective amendment is needed, he said, we may run into a situation where there son, and Eckhardt's administrative assis- but other than that he's for Johnson's can be a very thorny dispute over whether tant, Bob Cochran, says that at the staff domestic program. the standards have been implemented. level Eckhardt's office has been working "On the question of foreign policy," he You get largely paper standards: The dif- well with the White House. said, "I believe very much that there ference between that and my approach is "I'm just practically 100% behind the should be an attempt to de-escalate and to that we would be getting past the paper- Great Society program," Eckhardt says. encourage negotiations. I am not in favor work to get the effect. My proposal is a Implementation of parts of the program of a unilateral withdrawal from Vietnam." standard of results," he said. more effectively through refinement and R.D.

The Legislature Industrial Safety Considered Again Austin again in .1969 at the next legislative ses- It's not fair to ask one of the contractors The 60th legislature, as its predecessor sion and find that Texas is still number to run a safe rig — and there are very the 59th, and others, is considering the one in job injuries and deaths in the few that are — when the others don't problem of industrial safety._ As in 1965 nation." have to. The only way to bring safety to two bills are vying for favor. E. D. White, Houston, district super- the oil fields is through tough legislation." Organized labor's bill, HB 559, is co- visor of the U.S. Labor Dept.'s maritime He pointed out just how unsafe the sponsored by Reps. Carl Parker, Port safety division, testified that the division industry was, as reflected in the rates for Arthur, and Neil Caldwell, Angleton. This had relied on an education program until workmen's compensation: "The cost of would establish an occupational safety 1959, when Congress enacted legislation workmen's comp for companies that erect board to write and enforce industrial governing safety on ships and docks. The and dismantle drilling rigs is 28.3% of safety rules. Under the board would be legislation put teeth into enforcement their payroll. The cost of workmen's an advisory committee composed of an procedures. "In 1960," White said, "the comp on airline pilots is .6% of their pay- equal number of representatives of labor accident frequency rate [per million man- roll," Parker said. and management, serving with a chair- hours] was 505. Then the new rules came man who would represent the public. into play and by 1963 the rate was down Subcommittees would help draw up rules to 106. In 1966 the rate had dropped to B. P. TURNEY, Dallas, Texas within industries. Inspectors would be 80." Instruments safety director, testified hired. The teeth for enforcement of stand- A. B. McGinty, president of the Texas against the Parker bill, stating "I say you ards would be rooted in provisions of Building and Construction Trades Council can't legislate safety." Statistics, he said, HB 559 to make violating employers li- and the business manager of a Houston show that - "safety code" states don't able to civil court action. plumbers and pipefitters local, told the necessarily have safer industry; written codes tend to be too rigid; safety codes, The Teps Manufacturers Assn. favors committee that he had personal experi- ence with job safety. Last year four- mem- which describe minimum safety stand- gentle persuasion, as embodied in its bill, ards, often become the maximum stand- HB 495, sponsored by Rep. Gene Fondren, bers of his union and a laborer were killed when an outside construction ele- ards, as well; and safety is "just plain Taylor. The Fondren measure is almost good business," so companies don't need the same bill that was passed by the last vator fell. "Three of them had wives and chil- much additional encouragement in this House and defeated in the Senate. Pri- field. marily it concentrates on consultation dren," McGinty said. "Their deaths were and education. to improve on-the-job safe- the direct result of management chiseling Turney disputed Gov. John Connally's — pure and simple." He explained that ty. job safety figures quoted in his "state of the experienced, regular elevator hoist the state" address, saying they were for operator had worked all night. Instead 1964, not 1965, as Connally had said. Tur- HEARINGS WERE conducted of calling in another experienced hand, ney recalled that the governor had re- for the two bills last week by the House the superintendent called on an appren- ferred to Texas as being first in industrial Labor Committee, whose chairman is tice to run the elevator. accidents in the ten largest industrial Gene Hendryx, Alpine. Hank Brown, state "It started to fall because a cotter pin states. But, Turney said, Texas is, second AFL-CIO president, said that "since 1947 came loose in the brake shoes," McGinty in the reduction of job accident deaths. we have testified before this body urging went on. "Any experienced elevator hoist L. P. Williams, a safety engineer for favorable action to alleviate the human operator would have thrown the eleva- Jefferson Chemical Co., Port Arthur, said suffering and needless deaths that occur tor's motor into gear and stopped the that he opposes the- Parker bill because as a result of industrial accidents, but to fall. The apprentice just froze." it says "the board may exempt industries no avail. Since 1947, more than 19,000 Elevators of this type have automatic with good accident records." Williams workers have died and over five million locks, McGinty said. "When we examined thinks the bill should use the word "shall" have been injured in Texas on the job. the elevator after the tragedy we found instead of "may." The Parker bill, he . . . According to the National Safety the automatic locks, which were supposed said, might result in rigid rules, possibly Council, Texas in 1965 sustained 6.7 deaths to stop a fall, were solid rust. Even the reducing industry's flexibility in finding in industrial accidents per 100,000 popula- most elementary of inspections would answers to safety problems. tion, the highest death rate among the have prevented the death of five men." Hendryx sent both, bills to a subcom- ten largest industrial states. Frank Parker, business agent of an mittee composed of Parker, Fondren, and "Texas is the only industrial state in operating engineers local in Big Spring, a union that represents refinery workers Ralph Wayne, Plainview. Wayne is a con- the nation with no safety rule-making servative and a Ben Barnes lieutenant. authority to prevent industry from maim- and, recently, oilfield hands, said "Since May, 1966, we've signed up 2,000 derrick Hendryx told the subcommittee to "meet ing and killing our workers," Brown said. with Gov. Connally or his staff and work hands — and in that period ten of these He criticized HB 495 for lacking enforce- out legislation that we can pass in this new members have been killed." ment authority and then he concluded session." . . . we urge this committee to support Parker also said that "The oilfield con- passage of HB 559 so we will not meet tracting - business is highly competitive. March 3, 1967 5 TIZZIES AND SNITS Saturday Afternoon at Mr. Pat's

Austin ruined my wife's hair. Are you going to The committee then turned to consid- turn people loose in one week with dyes eration of the next bill on its agenda, a It was Valentine's Day and the subject which can ruin a person's scalp?" Kennard proposal to ban discrimination befdre the Senate Jurisprudence Commit- tee was beauty. Lamp-tanned men and One of the beautician-witnesses at the by state and local officials. It was voted hearing began to get panicky. Leaning out favorably to the Senate floor in less lacquered women bustled around the than 60 seconds. crowded Senate committee room as across an intervening reportress, he said though it was Saturday afternoon at Mr. to a colleague "We're dead. I tell you we're Pat's. The day's business concerned a bill dead!" Suddenly noticing the reporter which the Texas Cosmetology Council had across whose lap he was leaning, he hissed spent 18 months concocting, to escalate "That's off the record, dearie." the standards of those who ply the beau- Much of the required 500 hours' train- tician's profession. ing on other than public heads is conduct- The bill had been introduced by Sen, ed on mannequins. There is some dis- 'Vat Murray Watson, Jr., of Waco and would satisfaction in the vocational schools increase, from 1,000 to 1,500, the number with this procedure. A Waco gentleman of apprenticeship hours required before a explaining the limited value of manne- i am a barefoot absurdity beautician's certificate could be issued. quins in training beauticians, motioned to trapped without spare dime Further, the measure would increase, from an associate, who rose bearing an elab- lessly waiting for aid as you pass 500 to 750, the number of hours training orate, flowered hat box. "There," the required before a cosmetology student Wacoan cried as he took the box, unzipped this early office morning surging could practice on, or receive money from, it, and displayed a head — a mannequin's toward clock town. anyone other than fellow students or head — to the somewhat startled Sen- beauty school personnel. ators. Noting the bountiful curls, the wit- i -look into your sunglass eyes. This may sound like an uncomplicated, ness said "If a person can learn all she you answer with brakeline indignities routine bill, but the 750-hour proposal was can from a mannequin in a week she and pull around my crippled car. much in dispute. The beauticians wanted should be ,taken of this monster and put it; they feel that their profession on a human. Five hundred hours on this you've no idea more than your twelve requires higher standards than the ones little beast here is much too much gentle- seconds is lost, more than this way that have prevailed for the last 30 years. men," he entreated the committee. A Opposing the rule were representatives of Dallas beautician added that mannequins has been reduced from six lanes to four. private and public beauty schools, who don't have hands, so future manicurists want to remove or lower the barrier to can get no experience at all, except on having their students charge fees of per- humans. sons on whom the work. The fees would defray expenses of the schools. D URING THE afternoon several fatitscaties '67 beauty college owners and teachers re- AS THE DISPUTE waxed, the peatedly made reference to "white" and hearing began to drag a bit. Some of the "Negro" colleges. Sen. Barbara Jordan, RUSSIA senators, who perhaps feel that a monthly Houston, the first Negro Senator since haircut is about all the grooming anybody Reconstruction, asked a witness if his cold bleak mountain needs, began to get grumpy. college accepts Negroes. ranges of forests Repeatedly, committee c h a i r m an full of secret peasants. "Oh, yes. We have one of them," he Charles Herring, Austin, began, "I think answered earnestly. . we've heard all sides of the matter now. USA Of course, if someone has something "One of them. . . ." Senator Jordan re- really new to add. . . ." peated, to herself. the birth of a nation And someone always did. Creighton noted that Watson's bill depends on more than As the wrangling about the 750-hour would require that all beauty colleges be the slaughter of trees. rule increased in pitch, Sen. Watson of- air-conditioned and that each beauty fered an amendment to omit the require- school proprietor have $15,000 worth of VIET NAM ment altogether. The vocational school • debt-free assets. Was this intended to eliminate marginal schools? Creighton we went into the villages people pleaded for Watson's amendment. and burned the straw huts. But a representative of the State Board of asked. No, he was told. Creighton, author in 1965 of a bill to prune the number of the old ladies tried to get Cosmetology noted that his agency has water but we blocked the been unable to enforce even the 500-hour barber colleges in Texas, indicated that such a provision might be something to wells, forming a rigid line/ rule. Watson, the rest of the afternoon, against them. sank progressively lower in his chair and consider. taciturnly chewed on a cigar. Finally, after two hours and 15 wit- DALLAS Other Senators then began to recall un- nesses ( almost as many as had testified pleasant experiences that acquaintances at the heated hearing on parimutuel bet- i will remember your had suffered at beauty shops. ting ), Herring submitted the bill to a sub- skinny buildings with Sen. A. R. Schwartz, Galveston, mut- committee, to be chaired by Miss Jordan, rockets on top ( those skyscaling tered something about a constituent "who the legislature's only woman. infinities intertwined with lights ), lost all her hair because of beauty shop "Four people could have said everything your fat old ladies selling dailies, treatment." that needed to be said today," Sen. Don your bookstores saying At one point Sen. Tom Creighton, Min- Kennard, Fort Worth, said. it was not you at all. eral Wells, interjected "One guy flat "Would you believe two?" Herring re- —ROBERT BONAZZI 6 The Texas Observer torted. Houston San Antonio's Hospital Woes John Rogers San Antonio Having learned the Dallas lesson, the U.T. regents the land free and the regents The University of Texas regents are foundation members, in 1956, organized accepted. building a $12 million medical school in their own plan, acquired some land, and The hospital district board protested, San Antonio; now they say there's a raised a little money. But there was a saying it preferred to modernize the Green chance it may not open. Along with this, hooker. The land — 200 acres — came and find land for the medical school in the people of Bexar County have two from four real estate developers, George a 242-acre urban renewal tract that sur- charity hospitals and not enough money Delavan, Sr., G. S. McCreless, Edgar Von rounded the existing hospital. The Down- to run one. The two situations are tied Scheele, and Carl Gaskin Jr., all of whom towners Association, a merchants group, together so tightly that one cannot be were to go on to business prosperity. The as well as Pena, Zachry, the archbishop, solved unless the other also is. 200-acre gift has been the nucleus around and seven of the nine members of the This is how: the university is about to which a tenacious alliance was formed City Council, backed the hospital district's finish construction of its third state medi: and is sustained. It was -ccimposed of the objection. cal school, from which it hopes eventually developers, the members of the Medical There were those who foresaw the dan- to graduate 100 doctors a year. Next door Foundation, the Express and News news- gers of the hospital district's trying to to the school is the Bexar County hospital papers, and Dr. Merton Minter, who hap- operate two major hospitals. R.L.B. To- district's unfinished teaching hospital. The pened to be chairman of the U.T. board bin, then 25 and chairman of the hos- med school is required by statute to have of regents. Talk, and that's all it was, pital board, said, "You can't spend what the teaching hospital if it is to operate back in the late fifties was that the real you legally don't have." Tax collector-elect and the hospital district can't run that bond in the alliance was land speculation. Charles Davis advised that to operate both hospital unless it finds a new source of Regardless, this group for years fought would require an increase in property revenue. The district's projected income San Antonio's most powerful men, fi- tax assessments. Finally Pena warned: for next year cannot possibly cover the nancier W. W. McAllister and contractor "The maintenance costs of the teaching cost of operating even its old charity hos- H. B. Zachry; a hundred downtown busi- hospital have not been adequately ex- pital, Robert B. Green, in the center of nessmen; the city's most vociferous lib- plained." San Antonio's slums, much less the teach- eral, Albert Pena; the Catholic Church; Such remarks brought the dispute to a ing hospital. the hospital board; the majority of the boil. At a meeting Ed Ray, then the editor To make matters worse, the property city's doctors; all of San Antonio's poor— of the Express-News, told Pena, "If you owners in the district last January reject- and won. don't stop the hospital talk I'm going to ed a proposal to allow the district to raise "It was the smartest business deal any- run you out of town." But as it happened, taxes. Under pressure from a regents' ulti- one has pulled in a long time — it was shortly thereafter, Ray himself left town. matum to get up the money to run the legitimate — but it was very smart," Mc- In Austin, however, things were going teaching hospital or lose the medical Allister, an old wheeler-dealer himself, rather smoothly. The regents asked and school, San Antonio civic leaders have once said. received from the legislature, first, a plan- made numerous suggestions. Gov. John The area around the donated land, a ning grant for the medical school and, two Connally has offered his own formula, but good golf shot from Oak Hills Country years later, funds for construction. it would require passage of a touchy piece Club, is rapidly becoming the city's most In the meantime the medical foundation of legislation and might be difficult to exclusive residential-commercial section. had persuaded the hospital district's achieve, even for Connally. This development was spurred by the board and the county commissioners that The governor's plan would permit coun- selection of the Oak Hills site for the San Antonio's need for a medical school ty commissioners to raise tax assessments state medical school. Lots cost $8,000 on overshadowed all other considerations. To for hospital district purposes in the state's land that in 1961 sold for $3,000 an acre make this proposition more palatable four largest 'counties, including Bexar, and, not many years before, brought $250 even to the loudest critics, the founda- without the riecessity of voter approval. an acre, one real estate man says. How- tion, and the regents, stopped talking This would fly in the face of the Jan. 14 ever, placing the medical school on the about the Oak Hills site and said no de- election here in which an unexpectedly Oak Hills site, ten miles from the heart cision had been reached on selection of a large turnout of votes rejected a raise of San Antonio, instead of near an expand- site. A $6.5 million bond election was in the hospital district's assessment. The ed and modernized Green Hospital in the called to finance construction of the teach- only alternative in view, at present, would downtown area, is probably the real rea- ing hospital and expansion of the old be another election, whose chances would son that the school may not open this Green. It passed 6 1/2-to-1. be dismal. year — or ever. If it had been located in Six weeks later, the UT regents again the Green area, a second hospital wouldn't announced that the Oak Hills site had have had to be built; San Antonio can been selected. "We've been double- H OW DID THE U.T. regents and support one hospital, but two would ap- crossed," the Catholic Spanish-language hospital district get into this fix? The pear, more and more, to be a needless weekly, La Voz, editorialized. situation dates back to 1891, when several luxury. San Antonians first suggested that the AND AGAIN pressure mounted. city needed a medical school. Periodically, The Downtowners Association asked the since, the suggestion has boiled to the E IGHT YEARS AGO there were regents to reconsider and raised $1 mil- surface. When it did so again in 1947 a plenty of protests about the proposed Oak lion to buy land on a site near the exist- group of seven men tried to bottle the Hills location for the medical school, all ing Green Hospital. The regents again amorphous idea. They began by setting to no avail. Pena, in 1959, said, "The Green backed away. up the San Antonio medical foundation. site is the only logical place for a medical But the medical foundation returned The foundation's first attempt at bringing school." A hospital consultant, Ross Gar- with its own million dollar promise to a state medical school to San Antonio rett of Chicago, stated: "Physicians' of- buy additional land at the Oak Hills site. was thwarted by Dallas, whose agents ar- fices are downtown. The city's other ma- In all, 540 acres now make up what the rived at the Capitol in Austin with a con- jor hospitals are downtown. And the need foundation hopes will one day be a medi- crete proposal, land, and money. is downtown." Archbishop Robert Lucey cal center. Presently on the land is the reminded: "A charity hospital is a temple modern, new Methodist ,Hospital com- John Rogers is a San Antonio native and of mercy. It ought to be where the poor, plete with a nuclear attack shelter, several has been on the staff of a daily newspaper the needy, and the afflicted can find it." in that city for eight years. But the medical foundation offered the March 3, 1967 7 small medical facilities and the unfinished So construction of both the medical cloudy. Some Houston people have sug- medical school and teaching hospital. school and the teaching hospital began. gested that the legislature re-establish Then, last fall, the hospital board realized the San Antonio school in Houston. And Evidently the Medical Foundation's fi- some Austin leaders now are talking about nal offer convinced the regents and for that it would need considerably more a move to get a medical school, perhaps the third time they selected the Oak Hills money if it Was to operate two facilities. San Antonio's. site. W. W. Heath, one of the regents, The board called on the voters to approve Regents chairman Frank C. Erwin says said Dr. Minter"played a key role in selec- raising their hospital taxes as much as the board will discuss the situation at tion of the Oak Hills site. Other regents 300%. When the voting property owners its March 10-11 meeting in Galveston. are laymen, while Minter was vice presi- said "no" earlier this year, the hospital Whatever the outcome for San Antonio, dent of the Texas Medical Association," in district and the U.T. regents each had a the Oak Hills real estate developers have addition to being chairman of the regents. medical facility which they couldn't ope- sold many of their lots; the medical foun- Back in Bexar County four of the five rate — unless some answer is found dation, after 20 years, has given the city members of the hospital district board, quickly. a medical school, but no students; the including philanthropist Tobin, had been Feb. 20 was the deadline the regents had former owners of the Express-News have purged over the objections of Pena and set for San Antonio leaders to offer a solu- sold out; and Dr. Minter has retired from an Oak-Hills-oriented majority appointed tion to the dilemma. The day passed with public life to a private practice of medi- by a conservative county commissioners no proposal being made and, as the Ob- cine — in the very heart of downtown court. server went to press, the future seems San Antonio. ❑

Political Intelligence Texans View the Vietnam War V U.S. Senator John Tower returned 4% in fiscal 1962 to 7.2% in 1966. Eight In Washington from 20 days in Vietnam more hawk- of the ten largest military prime contrac- tors in Texas are in the Dallas-Fort Worth ish than ever. He called for "bombing The idea of letting the states share every major military target regardless of area. federal tax dollars is impractical at where located" and closing Haiphong har- V Roger Shattuck is circulating a peti- this time, says Cong. George Mahon, Lub- bor. Tower and President Johnson con- tion among his fellow professors at bock, chairman of the House Appropria- ferred; L.B.J. voiced vexation at the pub- the University of Texas, urging the Presi- tions Committee. "We're in the midst of licity given U.S. Sen. Robert Kennedy for dent to stop bombing in North Vietnam. a war," Mahon notes. "Tax-sharing should reportedly sensing peace feelers. Tower A full-page ad of the petition was to be be put on the back burner, to be consid- took a swipe at Kennedy, saying "We have printed in the Austin paper. ered at a later time." Mahon has estab- perhaps too often been deceived by con- V A Houston combat veteran has ad- lished a conservative majority on one of trived 'peace feelers' which result in in- vertised in a newspaper there for vol- his committee's key subcommittees, thus creasing demands by some here at home unteers to fight for the communists of to check federal spending. Cong. Wilbur that we stop bombing and negotiate. North Vietnam. The ad is in ridicule of Mills of Arkansas, House Ways and Means Tower expressed satisfaction at military U.S. opponents of the Vietnam war. Daryl Committee chairman, said in Houston that progress in Vietnam. I. Hazel says he is concerned that "we he believes tax sharing might increase V Republican freshman Cong. Bob Price, are living in a country that's raising a gen- contralization of government in Wash- Pampa, has echoed Tower's senti- eration of cowards." ington. ments on bombing and on blockading Hai- V Cong. Bob Poage, Waco, is pleased phong "even if it risks war with another that California officials have clamped foo Cong. Joe Pool, Dallas, has warned the nation." Price predicts that "American down on doings at the Berkeley campus, U.S. Information Agency not to dis- lives will be lost" in Thailand next, where which he said, had become a "staging tribute William Manchester's book on he says there is infiltration by the com- ground for communist agitators and draft J.F.K.'s death. Otherwise, funds for the munists. evaders." Poage fears that "we are going agency might be cut off, Pool threatened. Cong. Graham Purcell, Wichita Falls, to have to put some kind of limitation on He said he considers the book a "deliber- and Tower, among others, have spok- the time any person can spend on a col- ate attempt to blacken the name of en out against holiday truces in Vietnam, lege campus in a student status." Dallas." saying the truces merely let the North Vietnamese pour supplies to their troops. V Cong. Wright Patman, Texarkana, V Pool's aid has been enlisted by Dallas "The communists are already on their points out that the last Congress oilman D. Harold Byrd to halt pro- knees militarily," Purcell says. He ex- passed a law ,which permits the Secretary posed shortening of geographic names in presses the hope that "we can bring peace of Labor to issue an exemplary rehabilita- Antarctica. At issue are the names of to Vietnam without devastation of North tion certificate to a person who received Harold Byrd Mountains and Marie Byrd Vietnam and its civilian population. Pur- an other-than-honorable discharge from Land, which would be truncated to "Byrd cell says that U.S. non-military pacifica- the military service. "Occasionally our Mountains" and "Byrd Land." Presumably tion operations are succeeding. He says young people in the armed fdrces are the Dallas Byrd is no relation to the name; 1,300 Americans and some 30,000 Viet- caught up in circumstances" that lead to sakes involved. names are involved in the work with civil- such discharges, Patman says. The certifi- ians there. cate could be used by those whose military V Pool wants to get off of the House discharge is an obstacle to their employ- Committee on un-American Activities. V Texas' stake in the defense business ment. becomes more considerable each year. The Dallas Times-Herald reports that Defense Dept. figures show that state Congress will need "the maximum of Pool was embarrassed to learn that "star" firms had military contracts totalling $1 courage" in renewing the draft this witnesses on the committee are put billion in fiscal 1962, $1.2 billion in 1963, year, says Cong. Earle Cabell, Dallas. Of on its payroll. At a closed meeting of $1.3 billion in 1964, $1.4 billion in 1965, particular concern, he said, will be to the committee this year Pool moved that $2.3 billion in fiscal 1966. Texas' share of write the law so that there will be a fair this practice be stopped. H.U.A.C. chair- U.S. military contracts has jumped from method for determining which young men man Edwin Willis of Louisiana consid- "will be asked to risk their lives in the ered Pool's motion insulting. Pool inter- 8 The Texas Observer defense of our freedom." preted Willis' reaction as meaning that Pool would have little influence on the receives $7,452. Yarborough's son is, ac- tion of a survey. The poll showed that committee, so will try to win a spot on cording to a Washington press corps com- Richard Nixon has moved ahead of George the Interstate and Foreign Commerce pilation, the highest paid relative working Romney in the preference of Republican Committee. on Capitol Hill for a legislator. and independent voters. Gallup explained too So far as can be determined, Cong. that questions asked in the two polls did Bob Eckhardt, Houston, was the only not compare, though they were similar. Texan who voted in favor of the Demo- CYD's and YD's The withdrawn poll showed that Nelson cratic caucus going on record in support Rockefeller had moved into third place, of abolishing the H.U.A.C. The proposal V The Washington Star reports that "a ahead of Ronald Reagan, who dropped to was voted down, 128 to 63, in January but close friend" of White House aide fourth. Copies of the purged poll were dis- the vote was not recorded. Marvin Watson has been given the task of tributed to. U.S. news media by one John V Eckhardt says he plans to bring ex- handling activities of the National Demo- Davis Lodge of Westport, Conn., who said perts to Washington for brief periods cratic Committee's newly-formed youth di- he doesn't like polls much. to study issues in which he is interested. vision. He is R. Spencer Oliver, 29, former- V A Romney backer in San Antonio, The plan is unique among Congressrrien. ly of Fort Worth, who while attending Norm Gustafson, has reportedly re- V Cong. Jim Wright addressed a group T.C.U. was active in Texas Young Demo- ceived the word to proceed lining up other in flawless Spanish during a cere- cratic circles. The Star says the Oliver has supporters in Bexar County for the Mich- mony in Mexico, thanking the people of been and is "leading a move to crack down igan governor's 1968 presidential cam- Oaxaca state for their recent hospitality on the college arm of the national Y.D.s. paign. Nixon is believed to be the choice to a contingent of U.S. officials. Wright The college unit passed a resolution . in of most San Antonio Republicans, the San studied Spanish two years ago, presum- September sharply critical of President Antonio Express-News advises. ably in preparation for a statewide race. Johnson for the bombing of North Viet- V John Tower is still hewing hard to his V Cong. Clark Fisher, San Angelo, called nam and asking for an immediate suspen- neutral role in the 1968 G.O.P. presi- the cancelling of shore leave for U.S. sion. Oliver has urged that the college dential race; he can support any of the . sailors docked at Cape Town, South group be integrated into the national Y.D. leading nominees, he says. "Party mem- Africa, "one of the momentual bloopers organization, the Star reports thus end- bers must subordinate their differences of U.S. diplomatic history." The action ing the College Y.D.'s semi-independent if the G.O.P. is to win in 1968," he told was taken because of South Africa's of- status. The youth division is headed by Young Republicans in Washington. Tower ficial policy of segregation. Fisher is also former Georgia Cong. Charles Weltner made four speeches in Southern Califor- concerned that the Equal Employment and was established after the dispute nia during five days in February. In the Opportunity Cmsn. has the power to issue broke out between national Demo com- months ahead it is reported that he will "cease and desist" orders. mittee officials and the College Y.D.'s over be speaking in Texas almost as many Congs. Fisher, Cabell, and Pool have the Vietnam resolution. The aim of the weekends as during his reelection cam- reasserted their opposition to an open new youth division is to improve Presi- paign. housing law. dent Johnson's standing among young V The city that gets one national poli- people. tical convention in 1968 may get both; Let Us Pray goof A University of Texas student who is the TV networks are plugging hard for active in Y.D. activities in this state both gatherings to be held in one locale, v Cong. Price has introduced a school says, requesting anonymity, that Oliver as this would save money. Houston is prayer measure as a proposed amend- is not a liberal. The U.T. student says that pushing hard to be that city, pointing to ment to the Constitution. He says, in his Watson and Oliver have known each other the Astrodome as its main attraction. newsletter, that "Contrary to the belief of since the days when Watson was on the Some party officials have expressed con- many people the Supreme Court decision State Democratic Executive Committee cern about how it would look when 30,000 of several years ago did not outlaw prayer and Oliver was in the Texas Y.D.'s, but are are on hand for their convention—only in schools. The justices stated that school half filling the Dome. Houstonians reply not close friends, as the Washington Star that tourists will fill out the galleries. officials could not give the students a reports. This student also says that trou- prepared prayer to recite. . . . I will fight Texas Republicans are hoping that LBJ bles existed between the college Y.D.'s and may push the Democrats into Houston in for passage of this amendment to make the national Y.D.s before the Vietnam sure that some future court does not pro- '68 and thus bring the G.O.P. extravaganza statement. to the state. Houston is said to be among hibit all prayer, in public buildings." The V W. W. Heath, Austin attorney and Supreme Court ban on nonvoluntary pray- the two or three cities in top contention, University of Texas regent, may get along with Miami Beach and Chicago. er is being ignored by 70% of Texas' sec- an ambassadorship to a Scandinavian ondary schools, says D1. G. T. Gifford, of V Republican candidates in Texas will country. the Texas Council of Churches. receive votes in 1968 from conserva- V Price has also introduced a Human V Everett Hutchinson, a Texan, has been tive Democrats who are tiring of the con- Investment Act, which would pro- sworn in as undersecretary of the new flict between liberals and conservatives. vide tax credit for industries which have Transportation Dept. So said State Cen. Henry C. Grover, Hous- ton, to the U.T. Young Republicans. employee training programs. V Jack Valenti, former LBJ aide who V The prospects for Sen. Ralph. Yar- is now head of the movie industry, is V A Texas Republican committee has borough's Big Thicket National Park critical of a move by U.S. Sen. Margaret been named to direct studies of state Bill would be brightened with the support Chase Smith to require "adult, movies" to problems and produce material for G.O.P. of Cong. John Dowdy, Athens, whose dis- be so labelled. "There are only two peo- candidates to use in races next year. trict includes much of the area in ques- ple," Valenti says, "who can tell a child tion, and of the Interior Dept. A Senate what he should see or hear or read, and A Choice Made those two are his parents. This is a right committee hearing awaits completion of Gov. John Connally evidently wants a Park Service study. and privilege which is not transferable v to others. How arrogant -it is to think of State Sen. Ralph Hall, Rockwall, as a V Yarborough says he'll try to raise the running mate in 1968. Hall has made appropriation for adult basic educa- someone outside the family determining what a child shall see." known his desire to run for lieutenant tion by $10 million in the coming fiscal governor. Since Lt. Gov. Preston Smith year. intends to run for governor in 1968 he V The Senator's son, Richard, is paid Looking to 1968 clearly doesn't fit into Connally's plans. $22,000 annually for working as a leg- Connally went out of his way to praise islative assistant for his father. Two other LBJ will run again in 1968, columnist Hall's "tremendous leadership" in push- Texas members of Congress have relatives Leslie Carpenter assures his readers. ing the emergency HemisFair appropria- on their payrolls—Cong. John Dowdy, The Gallup poll, for the first time in tion bill through a hostile Senate. Athens, whose wife is paid $13,650, and the memory of its founder, George Cong. Jack Brooks, Beaumont, whose wife Gallup, has withdrawn plans for publica- March 3, 1967 Hall is well-liked, generally, by most the Senator was speaking. precedent against approving bonds when in the opposing factions of the Senate. V Meanwhile several reports are heard litigation is pending that could overturn Dallas News reporter Jimmy Banks, in from San Antonio that Yarborough is the issuance. The A. G. and his staff de- an interesting article about Hall, says that in trgluble with many voters whose sup- cided that the suit will be found to have the senator is kindly regarded by a num- port he normally could count on. The no legal merit, though a final court ruling ber of his colleagues for his consideration problem lies in the personal difficulties hasn't yet been made. The hurry-up was of them while drawing up, with Sen. J. P. he and that city's popular Cong. Henry B. necessary, it was felt, if the tower was to Word, Meridian, the redistricting bill for Gonzalez are having. Gonzalez didn't like be built in time for next year's fair. the upper house that was passed in 1965. some of Yarborough's positions in the U.S. V The head of the journalism depart- Hall describes himself as a moderate Senate on funds for HemisFair and has ment at Texas A&M, Delbert McGuire, conservative. "But," he told Banks, "I'm also criticized two bills the Senator has will resign. Three student editors of the a conservative who thinks we need an in- introduced specifically to help Latin-Amer- Battalion, campus newspaper, were fired dustrial safety act—and I plan to intro- icans. Gonzalez says the bills set Latins last fall [Obs., Oct. 14]. Evidently there duce one this session. And I'm a conserva- apart from other Americans and adds: has since been a move on to put the tive who thinks there is a state minimum "Dominant groups in this country have paper under more control of the journal- wage law everybody could live with." Hall, often used the hyphenated-American con- ism department. But McGuire, reports in- on assuming the presidency of an alum- cept to indicate the second-class status, in dicate, believes that he would not have inum company immediately raised its their eyes, of certain persons. Certainly full enough control of the paper's content. minimum wage from $1.45 an hour to the Senator has no such intention, but I He says he would be willing to take over $1.60. believe the phrase has unfortunately been the publication if it could be made a part go/ Most politicians in Austin are pro- used for this purpose by other less scru- of the teaching program through labora- ceeding on the assumption that Con- pulous individuals." Also, Gonzalez com- tory assignments. nally will seek a fourth term next year. plains, Yarborough didn't consult him on The governor is basing the necessity for the two "Latin-American" bills. Equality in Texas this on the prospect that important parts of his program might not be passed dur- New Orleans The first Negro ever to serve on the ing this legislative session. It is true that Dallas council was appointed to fill some phases of the Connally program are Gov. Connally says he doubts that a vacancy. C. A. Galloway, president of likely not to be enacted; usually this is New Orleans district attorney Jim the local Negro Chamber of Commerce the case for any governor. Garrrison has solved the assassination, as and a realestate man, will serve until the Connally's handling of his job is ap- Garrison claims; Connally concedes that, spring elections, representing the south- proved by 69% of the Texans queried of course, he doesn't know what Garrison east section of the city. If he 'runs this by the Belden Poll. This figure is the low- knows. spring, he'll face opposition by a white est percentage of approval recorded by V Dallas district attorney Henry Wade, candidate. There is some discussion of en- Belden in nine polls since the governor who prosecuted Jack Ruby, has said larging the council by two positions, one was involved in the assassination. The dis- once again that he believes Lee Harvey of which would serve a Negro neighbor- approval rating, 21%, is the highest of Oswald might not have acted alone. Os- hood. The Citizens Charter Assn., which any of eleven Belden polls on Connally. wald "had to have some encouragement" dominates Dallas city politics, has an- in the shooting of President Kennedy, nounced an all-white slate for the coming V Security measures were more elabor- Wade says. "It wasn't just an accident that elections. ate than usual when Ccnnally at- Oswald had a gun up there with him. V The first Negro ever to seek election tended the annual Washington birthday When you consider the timing, it looks a to the Bryan city council Would be ceremonies at Laredo. Officers were look- little hard for him to pull it off by him- Harmon Bell, it is believed, should Bell ing out for a demonstration by striking self." • run as he has said he will. Valley farm workers -and their supporters, V Garrison now indicates that the ar- iV Rice University can admit Negroes but it didn't materialize. rests will not, evidently, be made as and charge tuition, the Texas Supreme soon as he had indicated earlier. He has Court has ruled. The decision overturns Yarborough and RFK hinted, slightly, that Oswald may not have proscriptions of Rice's founder, William been alone in firing at the presidential Marsh Rice. Meanwhile the possibility that Sen. motorcade and that Oswald may not have V An Oklahoma football player, Danny Ralph Yarborough might challenge fired any shots himself. But there still had Connally next year was discussed by Jack Hardaway, is the first Negro to re- been no arrests early this week. ceive an athletic scholarship at Texas Newfield in his front-page column in New V Some persons have tended to discredit Tech. York City's Village Voice. Newfield writes Garrison's claims, saying that he has goor Houston schools were criticized in a that "a story of national impact may be political ambitions. Interesting thought: brewing in Texas." He concludes that Yar- U.S. Civil Rights Cmsn. report for Cong. Hale Boggs, also of New Orleans, using construction as a tactic to delay borough's problem in such a race would was a Warren Commission member. be "to avoid being stigmatized as a Trojan desegregation. Forty-nine of the 56 Negro horse for RFK." schools were built or enlarged after 1955, V Yarborough in a San Antonio speech, Texas Affairs the report said. "Instead of enlarging the capacity of the schools ringing the Negro last month, before the Mexican cham- go ber of commerce was critical of "political . Harry D. Jersig, San Antonio brewery area to serve both Negro and white chil- power bosses intent upon maintaining the executive, has been named by Gov. dren, the system accommodates the grow- status quo in Texas." Yarborough men- Connally to replace A. W. Moursund, John- ing Negro enrollments within the Negro tioned the broadened federal minimum son City, on the State Parks and Wildlife area," the report asserted. Six of the city's wage which went into effect Feb. 1, then Commission. Moursund's term expired more than 200 schools have some faculty Feb'. 1. The appointment must be con- desegregation, involving 17 Negro teach- added: "Since the anti-people state gov- firmed by the Senate. ernment of Texas has no minimum wage ers. law, with this federal law which I floor- V In an unusual decision Atty. Gen. V Beeville attorney Hector Gonzales has managed in the U.S. Senate, we are bring- Crawford Martin gave a provisional charged that the local hoSpital desig- ing industrial justice into the mesquite O.K. to sale of $5.5 million of bonds nates Latin-American patients by the ini- brush, and no New Braunfels highway issued by the city of San Antonio to fi- tials "L.A." on their identification wrist- roadside bluff will stop us. . . Vast seg- nance construction of the HemisFair tow- bands. . ments of the Anglo community are willing er. The decision by Martin was made V Highway construction contractors, to help you," Yarborough said. Yar- despite a pending law suit brought by many of whom do federal work, have borough didn't mention Connally's name, some San Antonio citizens to prevent begun hiring some women "flagmen" on but most of his audience knew of whom issuance of the bonds. Martin's approval Texas projects to comply with the 1964 was required before a New York firm Civil Rights Act, which also prohibits dis- 10 The Texas Observer would buy the bonds. He broke a 50-year crimination based on sex. 0 THE 1964 SENATORIAL RACE Interesting Details Uncovered

Austin they met in a hotel in Abilene on April 10, morous phrase during the campaign, be- A number of interesting, heretofore un- 1964, with a lawyer named Jack Bryant gan to abandon the "slick talk" because, published details of Ralph Yarborough's present. Erwin said, "things were getting too seri- 1964 primary race against Gordon McLen- Yarborough told McNeely that he ous" during the final week of the race and don are recorded in an unusually readable tried to persuade the news media to play "the levity just didn't match the problem. master's thesis, written in 1965 by Dave the story down. Many newspapers didn't McNeely says that sources in both the McNeely, who is now a state capital corre- go into much detail about the Estes allega- McLendon and Yarborough camps as- spondent for the Houston Chronicle. Mc- tion, McNeely says: they referred to it sessed the impact of the FBI's revelation Neely wrote the thesis after interviewing only when one of the candidates men- as having no effect on up to costing Mc- 40 participants ( including McLendon and tioned it. Fort Worth Star-Telegram politi- Lendon 100,000 votes which he would have Yarborough) and observers of the cam- cal writer Harley Pershing told McNeely gotten had he not brought the matter up paign that is remembered for "the $50,000 that his paper avoided it because the story in the first place. story"—the allegation that Yarborough was copyrighted and the Star-Telegram's had, in 1960, received $50,000 from Billy legal advisers questioned the story's Sol Estes before Estes' reputation and em- factual support. THE ROLE OF the FBI in the pire began to crumble a year and a half race worried many persons, including many supporters of Yarborough, on later. IN THE MEANTIME, an uni- Neither McLendon nor Yarborough was grounds that such intervention by a fed- dentified Yarborough detractor claimed eral police agency in a state election is very excited about the race, McNeely's the Senator called the White House and thesis indicates, until the morning of April a serious, perhaps ominous, matter and "was hysterical in demands" that some- may have been a dangerous precedent. 12, when the Dallas News broke the story, thing be done about the situation. quoting Estes. Larry Goodwyn, a Yar- McNeely quotes an unidentified Washing- On April 21 Yarborough asked the F.B.I. ton observer as saying that President borough campaign staff member, told Mc- to investigate the $50,000 story. Four days Neely that only then did the Senator begin Johnson's people like to think the FBI rev- later McLendon went on statewide TV elation made the difference for Yar- to worry about winning the primary. Mc- with the two witnesses who said they had Lendon told McNeely that, until then, he borough; the assumption would be, in seen the money change hands. McNeely that case, that the Johnson administration had had trouble raising any issues that quotes McLendon staff members as say- interested the public. (including Atty. Gen. Robert Kennedy, a ing that the two witnesses were so fright- Yarborough ally) had gone to unusual Both McLendon and Yarborough said ened that they were kept in a moving car they heard rumors of something big com- lengths and that the FBI's role was in- until air time. deed unusual. Particularly rare was the ing up, but didn't know what until the Three nights later Yarborough produced story' was published. McLendon said he election eve disclosure that one of the two witnesses of his own on television, witnesses had changed his story; the FBI felt he had to bring the story into the who denied the story, saying that they had campaign when the Federal Communica- almost never reveals the progress of an been present when the money was sup- investigation until it is complete, which tions Commission began asking him about posed to have changed hands. Worry, its use on his three Texas radio stations. this inquiry was not. McNeely wrote the which had become widespread among the Justice Dept. asking about the timely reva- McNeely quotes an unidentified liberal as Senator's campaign workers, began to having been told by an anti-Yarborough lation. A department official answered by subside. Yarborough told McNeely that mail that when it was learned that the person, also not named, that the Senator's after seeing the large crowds the next day opposition used the story, as they felt that witness had changed his story the depart- he resumed his confidence that he would ment officials then faced the dilemma of they "had to kill Yarborough's reputation win. for honesty." determining which was more important— McNeely tells for the first time the story. the department's usual policy of not dis- The wisdom of bringing the Estes story of how word reached Yarborough that the into the campaign seemed dubious, when closing the progress of an investigation Estes charges had been partially discred- still going on and the "true facts of the considered in retrospect by some of those ited. At 4: 15, Washington time, on the aft- whose counsel McLendoia sought in 1964. case as those facts concerned citizens of ernoon before the election the Justice the State of Texas. It was our considered Ex-Gov. Allan Shivers said he wouldn't Dept. called the Senator's capital office, have touched it. Ex-Cong. Joe Kilgore said judgment that the people's right to know saying that one of the two alleged wit- in this unusual matter of great public con- the story should not have been handled nesses had recanted. Yarborough's Wash- by a Yarborough opponent, but by a dis- cern must prevail over regular department ington staff hastily called his Texas office policy." interested party; Kilgore said the public with the news. Yarborough, at the time, has grown suspicious of anything resem- was driving on the turnpike from Dallas What jurisdiction did the F.B.I. have in bling a smear campaign. George Sandlin, to Fort Worth for the final telecast of the the case? If Yarborough had received who ran McLendon's campaign, seemed to campaign. A highway patrolman was dis- more than $5,000 from Estes in 1960 he feel that the charge had to be• used, once patched and intercepted the Senator's car would have been in violation of a federal it was supported by sworn statements. to tell Yarborough to call his Washing- statute. Furthermore, Yarborough told the Jim Erwin, a top McLendon worker, said ton office. F.B.I., at the time he made his request for he was against using the story all along. Jim Erwin, who was a key campaign an investigation, the agency was already investigating Estes' financial dealings and Jimmy Banks, the Dallas News reporter worker for McLendon, told McNeely that who broke the story, told McNeely how he the news completely rattled the McLendon such a $50,000 donation would be germane heard of it: Estes had appreciated Banks' staff. McLendon got the news on arriving to those inquiries. G. 0. and the News' treatment of Estes' difficul- at the Beaumont airport that afternoon This is the first of two articles on the ties in 1962; other papers, Banks said and was visibly shaken while delivering a McNeely thesis; a future issue of the Ob- Estes believed, had been one-sided in their talk that night and, the next morning, elec- server will discuss the McLendon strategy stories. Banks would get the details, tion day, during a desperate two-hour TV against Yarborough and the dilemma the should Estes decide to disclose any of his program. Goodwyn, of Yarborough's staff, conservatives faced in the primary cam- dealings. Later, Banks continued, Estes said of McLendon and the election day paign in that President Johnson didn't began to feel that Yarborough was ignor- telecast, "Every nickel he spent was money want Sen. Yarborough to be opposed. ing him; resentful, he decided to tell the for us. He just went crazy." McLendon, story of the $50,000. Banks phoned Estes; who had employed his facility for the hu- March 3, 1967 11 Lohengrin-A-Go-Go at French's Corpus Christi topless ceremony at French's Lounge was with his view. In the following days he Since last November leaders of this city to the American way of marriage what was bombarded with complaints from have become a bit uneasy about the pre- "The Loved One" was to the American those who considered the wedding im- miere and succeeding titillating perform- way of death. All that we lacked was moral and shocking. ances of topless ballerinas du ballet au Jonathan Winters to perform the cere- Lengthy articles were called in by string- go-go under the auspices of Gene French mony. ers to both the major wire services. News- the Beachcomber's Lounge. French's is lo- Or, perhaps, the casting was perfect as papers across the nation and, to some cated on Padre Island, beyond the reach it was. Presiding was Justice of the Peace extent, in foreign countries, lapped up the of municipal gendarmes. The local advent Peter Dunne, a short, portly, balding gen- story. Johnny Carson had some fun with of the topless dance, the latest develop- tleman with a mustache. The bride was it on his nationally televised "Tonight" ment in Texan folk culture, is seen by radiant, of course, All brides are. She and show. Photographers came all the way some Corpus Christians as a threat to the her maid of honor wore sweet, little ( very from Houston and San Antonio for the city's burgeoning tourist trade, much of little) dresses with, shall we say, forth- wedding. which is geared to attract families. Cor- right decolletage, which extended to their pus, unlike some of its Texas coastal respective — ah — navels. The single source of press restraint was neighbors, has never been a sin city. So, The bride and groom appeared to enjoy the hometown Caller-Times, which in its at least, is the local civic brag. The top- the ceremony enormously; they said later civic-mindedness did not want to call less danseuses, it is feared, might attract that they were completely happy with it. much attention to the happening in sinless less desirable, less wholesome tourists, Sharing their contentment were perhaps Corpus Christi. The Caller-Times dis- driving the families off to, say, Six Flags 150 to 200 friends, and others, who paid patched one reporter, without camera. A over Texas. two bucks a head for the right to gape brief, low key account appeared on page There are, however, other business and and, sometimes, giggle as the young couple eight the next morning. The story got less civic leaders here who believe topless solemnized their union. The crowd, con- play than another page eight story which dancers are moving in the right direction. sisting principally of young persons, read "Mahler's symphonic song cycle, 'Das No, what I mean is; These dissenters are seemed to consider the whole thing a good Leid von der Erde,' was the hero of the quietly, very quietly, in favor of easing show and no one seemed offended. As one night last night at the Corpus Christi restrictions on local entertainment as a young man put it, "It all seemed kind of Symph6ny Orchestra concert." means of broadening ( sorry) the appeal silly, but I've seen elaborate church wed- of this city in luring more tourists and dings that seemed just as silly." conventions. CITY OFFICIALS here have Against this background of muted civic Justice Dunne had been told, before- issued stern warnings that clubs within debate there recently erupted Corpus hand, that the bride would wear "pasties," the city limits will not be allowed to- dis- Christi's widely-publicized topless wed- a circular, adhesive garment of limited play dancers in topless outfits, "pasties" ding, conducted at French's "go-go" estab- circumference — at times embellished by or no. The fear, as one city official ex- lishment. It • is not to be alleged that Mr. gay tassels — employed during the course presses it, is that the pressure of compe- French was unaware of the publicity val- of the bride's professional appearances. tition between the club owners will result ues of such nuptials, particularly if sol- But somehow the pasties were forgotten. in "sexier and sexier dances." Go-go girls emnized in his place. The prospective Justice Dunne said he didn't notice; he in scant, but not topless, costumes are bride nee Trisha Beall, 19, is one of Mr. had — drat the luck — forgotten to bring now a familiar sight in Corpus Christi. French's star performers. his glasses along. After the ceremony there Many of their dances are more suggestive She and her intended, Mr. Vernoy Dale was much kissing of the bride — and of than those performed by the topless danc- Shaddix, 23, were sitting around at the maid of honor, too, it must be re- ers at French's. In fact, if the girls at French's one day, passing the time with ported. French's wore , more than pasties above several of Miss Beall's colleagues by dis- Dunne, interviewed by the pack of news- their waists, even a staunch moralist cussing the coming wedding, which, it was men who were in attendance, said he would have trouble finding anything to planned, would be a ceremony of the more didn't see anything wrong or unusual with complain about; their dancing reminds usual sort — church, white dresses, a min- a topless wedding if it made the bride one of little girls practicing basic dancing ister, and lots of stephanotis. and groom happy. But he was soon to steps. "Someone," Miss Beall recalls, "said learn that many persons did not agree Well, almost. something about wouldn't it be funny to have a topless wedding here at the lounge. Everyone laughed it off, but Mr. French got kind of a funny look on his face." One week later Miss Beall became, briefly, HIGH SCHOOL ROTC: America's most famous bride. `LET'S BE REALISTIC' HEARING OF THE impending nuptials, I made my way out to the small lounge, which is located on an otherwise Don Hyde desolate stretch of Padre Island. All night Austin Eighty boys receive elective credits for the long I had trouble believing my eyes. I Continuation of a Reserve Officers work at Reagan. Mainly the program con- kept expecting young movie director — Training Corps program at a local high sists of classroom instruction in science probably with a beard — to step out from school has become a minor issue in the and such military subjects as the history behind a movie camera I hadn't noticed affairs of this city. Two weeks ago several of aviation, aerospace, flight, aircraft in- before and shout for quiet on the set. The Friends (Quakers) and Unitarians advised struction, propulsion, air navigation, The Corpus Christi resident who wrote the school board of their opposition to weather, spacecraft and launch, and air- this report has, 'for business reasons, re- continuation of the program at Reagan craft organization. Also, there is some quested anonymity. He is personally High School, which is located in subur- drilling and marching. The instructor is, known to the editor, who vouches for bian northeast Austin. and must be, a certified teacher who has his character and good judgment. The R.O.T.C. education is a cooperative had experience as an Air Force officer. effort of the Air Force and the school; not No weapons of any kind are issued. 12 The Texas.Observer many Texas high schools offer R.O.T.C. Students must be male, 14 and older, and in good health. They can take eight their eyes and see the truth and under- love and concern for your fellowman?" semesters of R.O.T.C., which is twice the stand what's happening around them." asked Dr. Eugene V. Ivash, a Friend who number of semesters offered at Reagan Carruth believes that an Air Force is a University of Texas physics professor. in speech, journalism, or art. R.O.T.C. program in the public schools "How can teaching the use of a bayonet "The Air Force and the school people begins a young man's learning of and in- be reconciled with the teachings of put their ideas together to give the boys terest in outer space, which he says is Christ?" Ivash added that the R.O.T.C. who aren't good at football, extracurricu- the coming thing. The program, he adds, program teaches history "as a series of lar activities, or studies the opportunity to will train boys for tomorrow's jobs and battles," neglecting sociological and eco- do something they can be proud of," says instill a sense of patriotism in them. nomic factors. Irby Carruth, Austin superintendent. The Mrs. Otto Hoffman said that as a teen- The Reagan R.O.T.C. program was be- ager in Germany during World War II she Air Force, he adds, pays for most of the gun on a trial basis. A full report was to program, leaving school district taxpayers was taught that "the only way to deal be presented the school board this week. with the other guy was to dispose of him the lesser portion. If the report is favorable, as Carruth ex- Taking R.O.T.C. does.not obligate a stu- . . . and it has taken me 20 years . . . to pects, then chances are good that other see that there are other ways to solve the dent - militarily. Carruth points out that high schools may begin R.O.T.C. classes in R.O.T.C. "wouldn't hurt anyone" who world's ills. R.O.T.C. training is ultimately wanted to enter the military and become Austin. teaching the most effective way to kill an- an officer. The objections of the Friends and Uni- other person." Would the school system be willing to tarians at an earlier school board meeting School board member Mrs. Bob Wilkes give similar sponsorship to a pacifist were based largely on the idea that it is said "I agree that we should strive to live group? Carruth answered that "R.O.T.C. wrong to teach any form of warfare to in a peaceful world, but in the interim isn't a war group. These kids are living young men who are not yet mature. "How what about our enemy and our aggressor? in an aerospace world; they have to open can killing in any form be reconciled with Let's be realistic." Cl THE STRUGGLE FOR HUMAN FREEDOM Center of the Storm: By John T. Scopes by his friend James Presley, a Bowie versity president wrote: "You can take and James Presley. Holt, Rinehart and County writer and contributing editor of your atheistic marbles and play else- Winston, Inc. $5.95. the Observer. Through Presley, Scopes where.") His only college degree is an makes, in his first detailed comment, a A.B. in law. Although Darrow was his hero, Scopes changed from law to geology Commerce contribution to history, but thousands be- sides historians will read this biography because he didn't want to be compared "Serious scientific question (as opposed with interest and gratitude. with Darrow all his life. Ironic chance! to irrational and emotional attack) was The writer is Presley; the book is Scopes reports that on the thirty-fifth ended" by Origin of the Species, said a Scopes. Naturally the story is told from anniversary of his trial he returned to biographer of Charles Darwin. The past the "I" viewpoint, revealing Scopes him- Dayton to attend the premiere of "Inherit century has witnessed many such attacks self — which had been the X factor hither- the Wind," a movie about the trial based in the guise of outlawing teaching of evo- to in the Dayton trial. Although the book on a play by Jerome Lawrence and R. E. lution, the most dramatic being the John is a result of close collaboration, Presley Lee. . He found little change: "In 1960, the Thomas Scopes trial in Dayton, Tenn., has subordinated his style to the person- verdict would have been the same." in 1925. There William Jennings -Bryan, ality of the protagonist. Scopes will never The play which made the trial well- "fundamentalist" politician and preacher, feel he has been manchestered.* known in Texas and the United States and Clarence Darrow, brilliant agnostic premiered in Dallas. The reaction there lawyer, became antogonists, representing indicated that Dallas is different from "religion and evolution" in a "duel to the M Y OWN LIFE is a study in Dayton mostly in size. Dayton was once death." In the press the case became environment, heredity and chance" Scopes described as "a hot little dozing village, "Jonah's Whale vs. Science" and Dayton begins and the reader will probably for- where nobody wants to be irritated by was renamed "Monkey Town." ever after add "chance" to the old debate about the importance of heredity and en- open minds." After the Texas production, The defense was not permitted to offer from the largest pulpit in Dallas, came testimony of 15 noted scientists ( some of vironment. a series of sermons, like echoes from Day- whom were religious leaders) in an effort Chance added additional ironies to . Scopes' story, reminiscent of the "Theater ton, entitled "God or Gorilla," "The Du- to show no conflict between science and bious Defenses of Darwinism," etc. religion. With a "fundamentalist" judge of the Absurd." The railroad strike of and jury, Bryan won and Scopes was 1894 changed both Clarence Darrow and fined $100 for teaching the evolutionary Scopes' father (the two greatest influ- SCOPES' MEMOIRS remind us, theory from the school's adopted text- ences, Scopes says, on his life) from as the play did, of one major idea: basic book. management men to labor supporters. intellectual freedom is challenged today Ironically, the case was never really re- Bryan's commencement address at as it was in 1859, 1925, or 1960. We are solved. The defense strategy was to take Scopes' high school graduation was still debating whether man has the right a guilty verdict in the emotion-charged marred by Scopes' laughter — a fact to inquire, to think, and to speak. These atmosphere of Dayton and argue the law's Bryan remembered six years later in Day- writers feel some effort is needed to constitutionality on appeal. But Scopes' ton. Scopes became the defendant in the keep bigots and ignoramuses from con- conviction was reversed on a technicality anti-evolution trial only because he trolling education in the United States. — the jury — not the judge — should dawdled in Dayton to date a pretty As Darrow put it, John T. Scopes was have set the fine, it was ruled. The chance blonde after school was over. His job not on trial; the right to think was on to argue the constitutional issue never there the previous year was obtained trial. arose. because the coach quit at the last minute. Coach Scopes was never sure he had Darrow and Scopes testify to having Since those notorious days in 1925, John taught evolution; he merely "substituted" read Darwin; they learned more than a Scopes has lived a relatively quiet life as in biology. He was never put on the wit- theory of evolution. Darwin in 1859, Dar- a geologist in Venezuela, Texas, and ness stand. Remembered as a teacher, he row in 1925, Scopes and Presley in 1967 Louisiana. After the trial, he could have only taught one year. In spite of what he apparently join in the long human strug- gotten several hundred thousand dollars had done for academic freedom, he was gle for freedom of inquiry and the dig- for "telling his side of the story," but he nity of man. never did — until now. In a book aptly refused a graduate fellowship in a uni- versity because of the trial. (The uni- JIM BYRD named — Scopes was the man at the center of the affair — his story is told *See February 17 Observer, pages 14-15. March 3, 1967 13 IF WE'RE SERIOUS

Washington, D. C. marches when even the sheer vigor of the A free trip East is seldom to be sneezed established harangue could not conceal I SHALL BEGIN," I began, for at, although, when you fly into the young the bleakness, off-handedness, and attitu- my part, "by confessing , I am confused." year's best blizzard, you are sure to sneeze dinizing that were some of its character- I am not sure whether I am young or old. during it; thus I have come to these dis- istics. The college kids, represented here I am 36, but I also feel that I am, as it tant parts for a conference of U.S. college by their editors, are quietly wilder than happens, beginning again. Perhaps, I hope, editors on a subject portentous and pre- ever, if one may judge from a piece of the this makes me bilingual, conversant, if not tentious, "the generation gap." The dullest Washington Post in which most of them fluent, in the dialects of Old and Young. speakers were those who took the subject were naked as jaybirds, on marijuana, and Walter Lippman had provided us,_some- seriously, and a number of them did, but quite as relaxed about it. I think no single what homiletically, I thought, for a man still it all was very enlightening. The New one of the young editors, though, im- as lucid as he is, an explanation of why Left is now slightly Used, and like every- pressed me more than a beautiful young the generational gap is wider now than it thing slightly Used, seems to be working girl who. rose during the panel at which usually is. He said events always move better and less self-consciously. The Old I was a speaker and, gesturing with a faster than the mind, but the rate of Left is as classical as ever, but cocky and taut-strung passion that seemed to radiate change is now the highest it ever has been, contemptuous again, having had time to from her handsomely flashing arms in so no one, literally no one, understands' forget those few years of the sit-ins and graceful waves of shock, told a fellow all the modern context; don't expect too panelist that he could be damned, she was much of the old, and educate yourselves. 14 The Texas Observer having none of his judiciousness, corn- The grandfather—surely he was a grand-

INIMMIl■ WIN11•011111111.■0.111110 promise, and sense of the courtly order: father—who, the first night, introduced this war, this killing, letting these people Paul Potter, fairly recently the chairman Texas Society starve in the ghettoes, all this is wrong! of Students for a Democratic Society, had Honest to God, it was one of the most not even learned the lesson of the Hem- to Abolish beautiful things I've ever seen anyone do, ingway generation, not to speak words and you can imagine my provincial pride like noble and great. In two or three sen- Capital Punishment when I learned that she is the editor of the tences of this introduction, the introducer, Rice University Thresher, by the name of in the language of Ancient Old, said the memberships, $2 up Candy Cormer, I think she was; although words truly, great, best, intellectual, the I'm not sure. years ahead, and integrity. He pushed all P.O. Box 8134, Austin, Texas 78712 those buttons and nobody turned on. Because of the mails, on Which, as your MMICHINIIMPWINIMIKIOMO■011■4131■0■14.!0 ■ 11.111•1H.M.0■ 11S ■011111•..011i Everything gets even more confused editor-at-large, ( and I feel very much at than it is when you discuss it within a large,) I must needs rely, I do not have false stereotype, such as the generation BUMPERSTRIPS: time to give you as full an account of gap. It would be fair to say, would it not, the proceedings at this symptomatic con- that one of the liberating attributes of the ference as I should like. ( The generation New Left is that they have built-in shit' gap in Texas is just as distorting a gen- detectors. Yet this is what Old Man Hem- oKENNEDY '68 eralization, with specific realities just as ingway said writers must have. Mr. Potter vivid, as anywhere else, and here in Wash- of S.D.S. told us of the work of the New Fluorescent, genuine peel-off ington, I think, some useful things were Left, who certainly have plenty of them, bumperstrip stock. in the wind, which we might as well sense • most of them home-made. Yet the Old in Texas, too, although we are supposed Men with whom I had concourse later 1 for 25c — 6 for $1 to be Vandals, and lose status when we 100 for $10 — 1,000 for $65 that night, Alfred Kazin and Robert Le- Come through as too civilized.) It happens, kachman, thought that Mr. Potter's was however, that my assignment in the con- out of order..We were in difficulties the Pass The Torch in '.68 Committee ference was to sum it up in evaluative first night. P. 0. Box 3395 Austin, Texas 78704 summary, so I shall follow along here with what I had to say that last morning. But Mr. Potter, it had seemed to me, de- I must admit at first that nothing I said scribed the accomplishments and the fail- had the pettinence of the opening remark ure of the New Left honestly and accu- rately. ( The present furore about the gen- Subscriptions to the Observer can of my fellow panelist, William String- fellow, an apocalyptic preacher disguised eration gap is a phenomenon of the left, be bought by groups at a cost of as a lawyer in New York City, who by the way, for the same reason that, as $3.50 a year, provided ten or more guessed the student editors must have all Michael Harrington said in one of the gone to bed the Saturday night before at readings for the conference, no one re- subscriptions are entered at one 4 or 5 o'clock, "presumptively together." members the fraternity generation of the time and the copies can be mailed thirties. The prophetic minority who care The title of the panel was "Values and the most, as Jack Newfield has written, in a bundle to a single address. Morality," and later that day Sen. Walter Mondale, D.-Minn., observed that this was affect history. Their power is moral.) Mr. For individually addressed copies, Potter said that when he was young, the surely the first youth conference in his- New Left exposed much of the sham of if ten or more subscriptions are en- tory that had the guts to schedule a panel Saturday night. the American Dream, and that this was tered at one time the cost is just on this subject 'after good work. It certainly was. He also said $5.00 a year. that now- that he is nearing 30, he has GARNER AND SMITH begun to wonder "whether what this If you belong to a group that rhetoric represents is real." The New Left B KSTORE were supposed to be finding new alterna- might be interested in this, per- tives to chasing the bitch-goddess success, haps you will want to take the but what are these alternatives? Where 2116 Guadalupe, Austin, Texas, 78705 matter up with the others. are they? 1 would have entitled Mr. Mail order requests promptly filled Potter's talk, "If we're serious." He said, (Adv.y "If we're serious about somehow build- ing around our critique, then we have to not find out enough of what is already have been called, "If we're serious," is my find new definitions of work than those known. own belief that there is a deeper serious- that are tied to the old system, and that ness that is the next requirement, and not hasn't been done." Underneath that idea just for the Young. With all this power, I guess that there is another: Whether I LEARNED the next day, in the chaos, and apocalyptic danger, it is our you give up on the country as a force for seminar on the arts, what Mr. Kazin duty, as well as our opportunity, to begin more good than bad in the world. Mr. meant, and then I agreed with him. One to think of the Utopian as the Possible. Potter stated this question as, "Do we of the panelists with him, the artist Allan Mr. Kazin brought all this down to believe that this country can be changed?" Kaprow, said in his reading, "Once, the earth. He said, and I ask that you listen He thought perhaps; he is still trying. I task of the artist was to make good art; to what he says as criticism of the young think the radical young I know divide now it is to avoid making art of any as well as of most of the happenings, junk- roughly into the nihilists and the gentles kind." That reminds me of the statements art, and pop-art of the times, for he is ( they are all activists ). If Carl Oglesby is from the New Left that they ought to I think one of the three greatest critics Bazarov, Paul Potter is a gentle activist, work without ideology; some of them also we have, Edmund Wilson and Kazin and honestly but not hopelesly dissatisfied mean, without learning, without knowing. Irving Howe—he said: with himself and his movement. Once when I made that point to some visiting SDS officials in Austin, they re- It really doesn't matter what you feel, I was astonished by the force with it matters what you make. The road to art which my colleagues in antiquation later joined, fair criticism, but on the other is paved with people who feel like gen- that night rejected Mr. Potter's speech. hand, we are also learning in activity, and iuses and turn out trash. . . . The world It was, they thought, not real; a gesture. thus from experience, from the feedback is full of crap. Art is the making of an So I gathered. It had something of middle- of reality. Fair rejoinder. Perhaps the object. We live in a brutal, ugly, selfish class anguish about it; it did not come criticism and the rejoinder can be spliced country. We can accept the sacrifice of a from necessity, like the thrusts of the together. Mr. Potter tells of an educational hundred young men a week in Vietnam. thirties and of all revolutionary spirit do: center around a major city, a center in We can accept violence, discrimination, from hunger in the belly. The Old was which he is now working, in which the ghettoes; perhaps it gives us a thrill of saying: Just Words. The Young reply: object will be to devise from experience some kind, it keeps us interested. Most But we act, we take action. The Old reply: programs of change that will be basal of you, he told his rather large audience Just Gestures. And it is true, the sit-ins, rather than the neighborhood ameliora- of student editors at this seminar, don't the marches, were Just Gestures, even tion of a precinct-level New Deal. But the though they were very dangerous and got reason I think Mr. Potter's talk should March 3, 1967 15 people killed, beaten, jailed, and black- listed. Why has the Southern movement, so beautiful, so fierce, died so young? It is too easy to say it just ran out of energy; it is too easy to say it succeeded, which it did not. Those few laws don't change any- Did you EVER hear of an insurance company thing enough or quick enough. I think it died because it was directed against the nerve-endings of American power, and not . . . which 'allows its CLAIMS to be ARBITRATED! its economic nexus. At this point the Young turn on the Old: Well, where are We do! Specifically, Part Five of our Special Union Labor Disability the facts about this nexus? And to me it policy states that .. . seems fair to ask, where are they? We guess life insurance companies steal from us, but exactly, precisely, in terms of the "In the event of a disagreement between the Insured and the Com- actual process, how? The data exists but pany on any question arising under the policy, the matter under dispute have not got through to the general may, on the request of the Insured in writing to the Executive Offices awareness. What goes on exactly behind of the Company be referred to a Board of Arbitration, said Board to the bank doors? Why is information on consist of three persons, one to be selected by the Insured, one by the the tax profiteering of the oil industry Company, and a third selected by these two. The award or decisions confined largely to the pages of the Con- of the arbitrators, or a majority of them, if not unaminous, shall be gressional Record? There is a moral gap binding upon both the Company and the Insured." between the universities and the real world, between journalism and the eco- nomic realities, between the writers and This provision is in the policy that pays you $200 per month when you are prophecy, that is far more serious than disabled and unable to work due to sickness or accident. the generation gap. But the language of the Young goes too far, blaming the other, Something else. Ours is one of the few Unionized insurance companies in the strange, for its own failings, too. For taking satisfactions from activity, perhaps the United States. Our employees are represented by Local 277 of the Office the Young are not beware enough. In your and Professional Employees International Union. And we're proud of it! satisfactions, your time is passing. You do Al') NERIA INCOME LIFE Since 1866 The Place in Austin it nAtelemeev GOOD FOOD GOOD BEER Executive Offices, P. 0. Box 208, Waco, Texas 1607 San Jacinto BERNARD RAPOPORT GR 7-4171 President care about literature at all. It was the President Johnson, said the bombing end of the two hours, and he had noticed should be stopped and we should really I HAVE A little, in broad that there had been not one question want to negotiate. He also said the SEATO strokes, to add. about a contemporary poet or artist, ex- treaty, (an article of which Mr. Rostow I did not get to hear the economists' cept a question about whether Wallace had drawn from his breast pocket and panel, so I will just give my own view-, in Stevens should have worked for an insur- read as "the legal basis," for our presence the exercise of my ambiguous prerogative ance company: the Money question, he in Vietnam,) had nothing to do with the at the conference, that it is our present, said. Mr. Kazin spoke of "the classic, old- decision to escalate the bombing and to trapped disaster that the prophets of capi- fashioned idea that if you look at beauty Americanize the war in 1965. That treaty, talism failed to foresee its ugliest and most long enough, it'll change your life. I still he said, was thought of later as an excuse cheapening consequence, a choking, per- believe that," he said, and that a work of for what we had already decided to do, vasive commercialism. We have abun- art is a thing to make so it will, looked at said the man who was there. I wrote it dance, and this is either the beginning or long enough, change your life. down when he said, "If anyone had the beginning of the end, and the price is That is, really change life as it is lived. brought it up, we'd have laughed." And self-interest as our social structure and a To some extent the Southern movement this detail of Mr. Goodwin's performance, littered, neon urban rot that is far more caused such a change, but what was it although not what he said as a whole, sug- fantastic and depressing than junk-art can about the Southern movement that was gests another reason for the generational be. The places of commerce are cold: too impatient? Not too militant, too radi- gap, the cynicism of power; its acceptance that's the hell of it, because we do not cal, or too demanding; too impatient. of its great distance from what ought to have enough other, warm, publi^ places to That, I think, is the next serious question. be. make us like the cities where v, are. "Speak truth," the Quakers say, "to I am a member, in Irving Howe's power." Michael Harrington said in the phrase, of "the generation that didn't N A FEW WORDS let me draw panel on anti-communism that com- show up." What have I been doing all this the other panels I heard, as I heard them, munism is terroristic, but so is American time? I've been trying to make things which is of course a qualification. power in Vietnam. That you do not end a little better and I've been learning. I the war by marching with the Viet Cong, John Roche, the President's intellectual take a little comfort in the fact Mr. Lipp- but also that something about the way man limned, that no one knows all of this in residence, and the former president of we proceed in the world seems to cause, geometrically complexing modern society, A.DA., which is the scourge of McCarthy- to force, the competitive terroristic and in that perhaps my generation, decadally ism, said, "Sure, there's always a genera- totalitarian accumulation of capital. If, he that of the forties, has needed more time tion gap, it's visible in China now, and said, we had done what the late President to begin to .be able to believe that we un- it's at work also, he said, in "the Red Roosevelt said, and fostered a democratic derstand. I believe that I understand Guards at Berkeley." So much for Mr. socialist reform in Vietnam after World enough to proceed now, but, except in Roche. His performance suggests one rea- War II, Vietnam would not have gone lesser senses, I do not believe that I did son for the generation gap: the arrogance communist. He wants us to see that not until a few years ago, when I was already of status. just as the past, but as a prescription for past 30. Walt Rostow, the President's foreign the future. We should, but will we? At the beginning I resolved that the only policy adviser, expatiated in dulcet tones James Wechsler, editor of the New virtue is integrity. I learned from the on why we are napalming families in Viet- York Post, damned (as for instance am younger than I, and from Thoreau's reflec- nam. His avuncular, condescending per- also I) as a liberal, said it is true that tions, too, when he was over 30, that one formance, styled after Dean Rusk, sug- communism is associated with terror. He must throw the whole self, the whole gests another reason for the generation asked that this be kept in mind, and this weight of the self, after, upon, what one gap: the hypocrisy of power. seems to be a reasonable request. He put believes one should do. That he who risks Richard Goodwin, speechwriter and for- down ideology; we have entered, he said, much more than himself may not be wise, eign policy adviser to the late President the time when we are dealing with moral but he who risks less than himself risks Kennedy and, until some months back, to issues. nothing. Tom Hayden, the New Left activist who 16 . The Texas Observer As a Texas liberal I have learned to be went to Hanoi, said America suffers from wary of attitude-selling. It's easy, and it's a cultural paranoia, anti-communism, and cheap satisfaction. People who agree with that the United States insists, with you enjoy it, and it feels real good. CLASSIFIED B-52s and napalm, that communism is I learned, from experience, how much impermissible everywhere, no matter how energy I was wasting in my indignations; BOOKPLATES humane it is, no matter how popular FREE CATALOGUE—Many beautiful designs. how tired they made me when they passed Special designing too. Address BOOKPLATES, it is, and despite our failure to help pro- through me like storms. I developed, in Yellow Springs 24, Ohio. vide' an existing alternative. This is true. self-defense, what I have come to think MEN SHOULD MAKE BABIES Hayden is right in this: you, we, are going of as "the conservation of indignation," NOT KILL THEM to be dealing more and more with the Write for information on drat resistance, tax simply in the interest of conserving refusal, pacifism. Send 10c for your copy of problem, What does a man do, as that strength for serious work. "Up Tight With The Draft." Send $1 for special problem occurs for instance to a man in "draft packet" that includes a copy of Hand- a village in Peru who wants to, who must, book for C. O.'s. Write: War Resisters League, Dept. U, 5 Beekman St., New York City 10038. stop the people in his village, the children, W HEN I WAS in college, the from dying; and in India; and in Vietnam. BOORS new sexual freedom was about ten years William Manchester's THE DEATH OF A ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••' away. In my opinion there is far too much PRESIDENT will be published in April. The publisher reports that advance orders are run- to-do about the new morality. The mass ning unusually high. To reserve a copy place media distort our natural understandings your order now with Garner & Smith Book- MARTIN ELFANT because things sell better when they're store, 2116 Guadalupe, Austin, Texas. $10.00. presented as a big deal. People sleep to- "The Idler." Send $1 for four sample back issues gether more easily and more readily, and of lively, liberal monthly. 413 6th St. NE, Wash- Sun Life of Canada ington, D.C. 20002. BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY 1001 Century Building "THE PIPE HOUSE OF AUSTIN" MAN OR WOMAN Reliable person from this area to service and Will D. Miller cf Son • collect from automatic dispensers. No experi- Houston, Texas ence needed — we establish accounts for you. Magazines — Daily Newspapers Car, references and $985.00 to $1785.00 cash High Grade Cigars and Tobaccos capital necessary. 4 to 12 hours weekly nets Pipes and Accessories excellent monthly income. Full time more. For CA 4-0686 local interview, write Eagle Industries, 3954 122 West 6th St. Austin, Texas Wooddale Ave. So., Minneapolis, Minn. 55416. ♦••■••••••• often just for the pleasure of it, like ex- the United States from virtue and grace Taking strength from the free private life, tended conversation. Good. Mr. and Mrs. within, and in the world. There is so much but not accepting enclosure within it, each John Stuart Mill's "On Liberty," about to know, and there is so much to be done, of us is called upon to give all that he is civil liberty and toleration, has now finally and it is so hard, just plain hard, for any- able to give to our common endeavor, the found the mark in our sexual liberty and one to do much, to prevent this fall, we validation of man as a moral being. As we toleration, too, and we apply live and let are maddened by ordinary things and turn must, in Mr. Potter's phrase, "help each live, laissez faire, to private life. Good. aside to posturing, pleasure, gestures, and other to be brave," we must also help each The writers can proceed within the wider righteousness. Yet just as we no longer other to be far more serious than we have amplitudes, the honest language. Good. know that man is good, but do know that been. For the outcome is in doubt. R. D. These things are a victory, a breakthrough, he can slaughter children and women by that is past; it is over. Nor, although it the millions at Dachau and Hiroshima and has removed negatives, does it solve very still hold himself upright thereafter, so March 3, 1967 17 much. It takes a time to find it out, but also we know that the world can be de- sex, as a source of meaning or validation, stroyed, now, by trivia, by accident, or by gets old, long before it gets old as itself. negligence. MEETINGS We all still have to love well, to live fairly, The questions are, what we are, and THE THURSDAY CLUB of Dallas meets each to do good. The writers still have the same Thursday noon for lunch (cafeteria style) at problem they did to make a work of art, whether we have time enough to change. the Downtown YMCA, 605 No. Ervay St., and they and the artists have even more Our special difficulty in these our times Dallas. Good discussion. You're welcome. In- to do, for now that most of the priests is simply the weight of our burden. Our formal, no dues. and the preachers are speaking in tombs, resources, ' gathering themselves under The TRAVIS COUNTY LIBERAL DEMO- somebody has to prophesy, somebody has this weight, assert themselves. We sting CRATS meet at Spanish Village at 8 p.m. on to say "should." each other with rebukes; we sting our- the first Thursday. You're invited. selves with rebukes. The father blames,: ITEMS for this feature cost, for the first entry, Indeed, these fairly recent changes in the father, and the son, the son. This is 7c a word, and for each subsequent entry, 5e a the sexual ethics are all so simple and nat- our .country, We are here, and we detest word. We must receive them one week before ural and obviously good, the only explana- the date of the issue in whieh they are to be to see it failing. And there is the larger published. tion that occurs to me for the big deal fact that with all the power our country CRATS meet March 16th at City Health Audi- made about them is the persisting hypo- has and will not stop having, if we are torium, 1313 Sabine, at 8 p.m. You're invited. crisies of the edificial churches, which finally failing, we are not likely to go down somehow, I guess, the Establishment benignly, but "raging, into the dying light," moralists and media feel they should like a poet, power-maddened and drunk, placate by making a big deal of it. Even destroying the world he loves. SUBSCRIBE in that book, Situation Ethics, a sane book against any absolute rules except the rule In some sense we know that the postu- of love, this fellow talks about the Chris- lates of the centuries about human na-. OR RENEW tian orthodoxies as of course the base ture are finally meeting the ordinary test line for conduct, from which people de- of conclusive events, the philosophies pale THE TEXAS OBSERVER viate, according to what love indicates in and faint beneath the realities of the hu- 504 West 24th Street man animal in a world we have lost con- the situation. No, the plain truth is, there Austin 5, Texas have been, among us, a multitude of total trol of, and now we will become truly abandonments of the orthodoxies, and a man, or just another animal, outwitted in Enclosed is $6.00 for a one-year multitude of new beginnings. We find its own environment. subscription to the Observer for: afresh in our own lives the same experi- Tom Hayden writes, "What is desper- ences, the surprises of pain, the limits of ately needed, I think, is the person of Name ideals, that suggest to us how we should vision and clarity, who sees both the Address act toward others—the same touchstones model society and the pitfalls that pre- from which, one assumes, the religions calcified their moral forms. This way, it's cede its attainment, and who will not City, State destroy his vision for short-run gains but, harder, but it's more interesting. Thinking Li This is a renewal. on our own ethically in the situations we instead, [will] hold it out for all to see find ourselves in, we of course know what as the furthest dream and perimeter of This is a new subscription. the old ways say, we see why they say what human possibility." I think this is right. they do, and to an extent we are enclosed in their vestigial forms, and we consider all that. But I do not think Christianity guides us inside any more in the way we do in sexual life, just as I do not think SPEAK OUT FOR. PEACE AND HUMAN LIFE the edificial church ( as distinguished from the minority church, the portable church, SPEAK AGAINST DEATH AND DESTRUCTION that is emerging,) has behaved ethically on social justice, on Vietnam, or hate by Join The race. Indeed, it is the corrosion of ortho- dox religion as the inner monitor that has cast us all into the free but gloomy limbo of these times. Where is the new church? It is among us, not beyond us or VIGIL FOR PEACE above us. Where is the new faith? It is among us, in what we do with each other. IN VIETNAM Nor just in private, nor just in public, nor just in the city, nor just in this land. WHEN: EASTER SUNDAY, MARCH 26, 2:00 P.M.-5:00 P.M.

D 0 I HAVE anything, just now, WHERE: L.B.J. RANCH, U.S. HIGHWAY 290 AND RANCHROAD NO. 1 particularly true to say about all this? I don't know, but this is what I think of, Consult your local peace committee or Houston Citizens Against the War in when I ask that question. We radically Vietnam, P. 0. Box 1811, Houston, Texas 77001 suspect we are participating, in the fall of ••••••••••••••••••••••■■•••••••••■•••••••••••••• Intellectuals." Having high expectations for so lofty a topic, I read it through and found myself thinking that the responsi- bility of intellectuals is also not to present Observations polemic as higher truth and differences of values about what is moral as sim- plicities distinguishing the saints from the skunks. There is something going on that we may be able to look forward to a lively is much more interested in the effects of Paragraphs debate between Texas Baptists and Texas abuse than in the output of thinking. Catholics on this question. Of course, in New York City candor I must add that Rev. Moody's Liquor by the drink in Texas makes church is on Washington Square, and he Carr's Bit Part good sense. As it is, people buy whole is one of the most progressive ministers To me the most interesting feature of bottles and go home and really tie one in the United States. the fourth Manchester installment in Look on. But affirmatively, the bars of cities A note for the Texas consumer move- was the revelation that Nicholas Katzen- like Washington and New York City are ment. In the Village up here they have bach was horrified when he learned that warm, friendly places where you can go Co-Op Grocery Stores. They work like the the new President Johnson "had tenta- and sit and think, sipping on something, University of Texas Co-Op for students: tively decided upon a Texas commission, and feel you are in the company of oth- you pay ordinary market prices for your with all non-Texans, including federal of- ers, even if you're alone. Apart from a food and at year's end you get a percent- ficials, excluded," to investigate the assas- desire for the spread of general civility, I age rebate and shares of stock in the sination. To Abe Fortas, Katzenbach imagine the Texas poWer structure is for co-op. How much you get back depends "bluntly labeled Johnson's idea a ghastly liquor by the drink to take pressure off on the efficiency of the co-op. The mer- mistake." We have gathered intimations chants would howl, but what would they business for new taxes, as well as to that this was the new President's first plan howl? It's not socialism and it's not athe- in connection with the frenzied, oddly por- bring in tourists. Governor Connally ism — just competition. probably took some licks at the Baptist tentous activities of Atty. Gen. Waggoner boondocks for endorsing it. A strangely Being in New York City, one becomes Carr immediately after the assassination. non-ideological issue, pitting Business aware of the crime problem in a nervous Carr called a press conference he said against the Fundamentalists, still this dis- way. The new statistics say that there are would be of national importance, and it pute has something vague to do with three chances in a hundred, if you live in happened to conflict with President Ken- having a modern state with enough warm, New York City, that you will be affected nedy's funeral. Evidently Katzenbach semi-public places to make the cities by a major crime in a given year. "The meanwhile dissuaded Johnson from the more habitable, even for people who don't situation is desperate," the New York all-Texas investigation, leaving Carr with Post quotes a high-ranking police official. belong to the "clubs." nothing to say and surely the worst bit "It's gone beyond a police problem. It's part of the whole ghastly weekend. I wonder how long the legislature can a sociological problem." When a cop goes keep its gaze averted from the narcotics Next most interesting is the first semi- that far you know things are getting official admission I have . seen that there laws. Surely everybody in the U.S.A. serious. knows now that marijuana is not habit- Iowa State University, the Times re- Campaign Cards & Placards az Bumperstrip forming. Hard liquor probably does more ports, has elected a bearded S.D.S. New az Brochures az Flyers & Letterheads az En . physical damage to people than mari- Lefter its student president. "My mother elopes 8z• Vertical Posters & Buttons & Ribi juana can. The only argument left for the said she hoped I wouldn't do anything ons & Badges & Process Color Work & Ar illegalization of marijuana is that it leads too drastic," he told the Times softly, look- Work & Forms & Newspapers & Political r to the use of damaging narcotics that ing away, "because the people in my home rinting & Books & Silk Screen Work & Mag are addictive, such as heroin. By the same town would get excited." 0 argument we must outlaw booze because e Bill Moyers, arriving' in New York to it leads to drunk driving. Believing in nt IPTURA PRESS begin publishing Newsday, the Long Is- ti and wanting lucidity, I don't use halluci- land newspaper, was quoted in the Times • 0 nogens, but I am prepared to acknowl- HI 2-8682 as saying, with a trace of anger: "I do not TS IF HI 2-2426 edge that if they are not addictive, whe- believe the Government lies." Mr. Moyers ds ther to use them is a personal question. 1714 SO. CONGRESS is not yet in danger of getting the people to People who want to do serious work that of Marshall, Texas, excited. M AUSTIN requires personal organization won't take al them. But people differ. I like the New York Review of Books, but recently they ran a piece by Noam & Silk Screen Work & Political Printing f There's a big Texas Baptist minister up Chomsky entitled, "The Responsibility of Novelties & Mimeograph Supplies & Convent here in New York, an ex-Marine named Howard Moody, pastor of the Judson Memorial Church, who is crusading now for the repeal of laws against abortion. State of the Nation (and party) Quiz He argues cogently that they have their Who strongly supports bombing the Vietnamese? genesis in a desire to punish women and a. Lyndon Johnson b. Barry Goldwater c. Both are sustained by sexual hypocrisy. If the Who strongly supports progressive domestic programs? home is sacred, he argues, how much a. Lyndon Johnson b. Barry Goldwater c. Neither more so is a woman's uterus and her decision whether to have a child, "whe- Name one Republican Johnson could defeat next year.* ther the reason for aborting a birth is When Texas liberals are shut out of conventions next year, they should: too large a family, fear of malformed a. Pollute the Purdnalis b. Boycott Brown & Root c. Rump for RFK child, or child out of wedlock." Rev. Moody dismisses the most telling Catholic Send answers to: rejoinder, the right of the foetus to life— the question of murder, but this is an argument not readily answerable; who is Citizens for Kennedy-Fulbright to name the point in time when a life Texas Division begins? In any case, if Rev. Moody serves as an example to Texas Baptist ministers, Box 1056 Austin, Texas 78767 *An answer to this will get you the Depletion Allowance. 18 The 71(3=3 Observer was some reason to suspect , a conspiracy. Hobby of the Houston Post that founda- Ushers whose books are then circulated The day after the assassination, Manches- tions with which they are associated have in the United States. On the last point, ter writes, Johnson asked Ted Sorenson been C.I.A. conduits ( facts of which they it has come out that the U.S. Information about the possibility that a foreign govern- are similarly, respectively, proud ). Agency has subsidized the publishing of a ment might be involved, and Sorenson The obvious, the gross question, the variety of books on foreign affairs, books asked if he had any eivdence. "The answer Ramparts disclosures .presents is what that are then vended in the U.S. by their was that there were no hard facts. John- the U.S. government is doing secretly ostensibly independent publishers. We son showed him an FBI memo advising using the free American student move- also learn from the fourth Manchester him that the rulers of an unfriendly power ment for its purposes abroad. In my installment that the C.I.A. has a printing had been hoping for Kennedy's death." opinion, the N.S.A.'s international pro- press. Shades of Orwell! Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., is represented gram is dead, and it ought to be. Indeed, As Walter Lippman writes, the late as wondering after the assassination whe- it Will be a good while before N.S.A. re- President Kennedy failed to strip the ther Johnson could be denied the nomi- covers in .any area the respect it formerly C.I.A. of all its functions except those nation for President in 1964, say by Robert had. There is nothing wrong with the U.S. having to do with intelligence. It has be- Kennedy. Schlesinger calls Manchester's openly financing activities abroad, includ- come a covert propagandizing agency and account of this episode "a melodramatic ing student activities, designed to carry a superdiplomatic foreign service. Now it distortion of a wholly academic conver- the better American values into foreign has tarnished the whole gamut of Ameri- sation." ( As to 1968, Kennedy has written climes and contests, but there is every- can foundations; when people think now a second letter to the people promoting thing wrong with free American move- of "foundation money" they'll almost auto- Kennedy-Fulbright in 1968, asking them to ments being financed covertly by govern- matically think also, "CIA?" This is a hell desist.) ment and then continuing to present them- of a note in a free country and the Con- The seriousness of the declarations of selves as free American movements. gress ought to clip the C.I.A.'s wings. If the district attorney in New Orleans, Jim The same thing is true of the American Texas congressmen on the right wing Garrison, that conspirators killed John Newspaper Guild, the other unions that thoroughly believed in the sacredness of Kennedy and that he, Garrison, is going free American institutions, public and pri- to have them indicted and convicted de- have been C.I.A.-founded,. George Meany's vate, about which they are always bleat- pends entirely, from a dispassionate view, whole Jay Lovestone operation abroad, ing whenever big financial interests are on the seriousness of Mr. Garrison as a and government subsidies to book pub- involved, they would lead the charge. R. D. human being. He is identified in the New York press (which have given his charges billboard display) as a politically ambi- tious man. The death, under disputed cir- cumstances, of one of the men he was investigating can mean either that the In My Opinion man, pilot David Ferrie, was killed to keep him from talking or killed himself, per- haps because Garrison and the reporters Strange News ideas? How does that grab you, Cong. hounded him over the precipice. Wesley Pool? Liebeler, the Warren Commission staffer The news that the Central Intelligence Barry Goldwater proved once again he who is publicly adamant against doubts can cut through the fat in a situation and Agency and the National Students Asso- get down to the marrow: he wondered and privately has them himself, says ciation have been cohabiting all these Ferrie was thoroughly investigated, and aloud over the weekend why the C.I.A. the leads led nowhere. It seems to me that years was most upsetting for us ideolo- hadn't thrown a few bucks to the Young the burden is on Garrison to put up or gists; next we'll be told that the Equal Americans for Freedom — students who shut up. If he puts up, a lot of high Employment Opportunities Commission know what this country is really all about. It's a fair question. muckety-mucks will then have to shut up; has been bankrolling the Young Ameri- if he shuts up, nothing is settled. Of course, the answer is that the federal cans for Freedom. Few are the campus government has no damn business chip- liberals who have not earnestly urged — ping in funds, secretly, to any such or- Texas and the C.I.A. nay, demanded! — that their college be ganization. affiliated with the good old N.S.A., which Texas foundations and people figure stands for all that is noble and forthright peripherally in the revelations that the in the human breast; rare, too, are the Big Deal Central Intelligence Agency has been conservatives of academia who have not bankrolling supposedly independent U.S. It is difficult to imagine the reasons cursed the N.S.A. as a bunch of hairy for the high old time the Texas press has student leaders in their activities abroad. com-symps. The San Jacinto Foundation is one of been having with the story about the My favorite Congressman, Joe Pool, was Medders family's financial situation. True, those through which the C.I.A. funneled among those who were caught short. He some of the money to the National Stu- the Medderses may owe a million dollars, was damning the N.S.A. at the top of his more or less, to a varied assortment of dents' Assn. I checked at the Secretary voice, duly recorded in the Dallas News, of State's office, with which, state law creditors; and that's a considerable debt, just three days before the C.I.A.-N.S.A. even for presumably wealthy Texans, and requires, such a foundation must register, story broke. S.M.U. was considered re- even in this era of consumer credit. and there's no record of it there. The affiliating with the association And a stu- But why the relentless pursuit of the Internal Revenue Service office in Austin, dent had asked Pool what he thought of subject by countless reporters and the which covers the Houston area, has no that. Pool didn't mince words: "the House tireless recounting of all the details, both record of income tax returns from this Committee on un-American Activities feels germane and extraneous? There are more foundation. Ramparts Magazine located that the organization is the voice of left- worthy topics at hand which the Texas its secretary, F. G. O'Connor, in the San wing students in this country," he huffed. press, if it would, could examine as min- Jacinto Bldg. in Houston and reports that Time magazine not too long ago re- he said, "It is a private, closed foundation, ferred to an N.S.A. national convention as March 3, 1967 19 never had any publicity and doesn't want "a meeting between the left left wingers any." and the right left wingers." Concerned about Vietnam? Dr. William Pepper, author The Kentfield Fund in Dallas was among Of course the N.S.A. is liberal. But what of "The Children of Vietnam" in Ramparts magazine, those Cong. Wright Patman, Texarkana, are we to think of the C.I.A.'s chipping in will be at the LBJ Ranch during the vigil there on Easter said contributed to the Kaplan Fund of all that loot? Does this mean the agency, Sunday, 2-5 p.m. Dr. Pepper will speak in Austin that New York, which Patman said was a con- which our conservative brethren have night if $100 can be raised to defray his expenses. Send duit for C.I.A. funds. Now we have it from rated just below the F.B.I. in their affec- donations to: STANCE, Box 987, Austin, Tex. Peter O'Donnell, the Republican state tions, actually approves of, endorses, the (Paid Adv.) chairman in Dallas, and from William liberal students and their fuzzy-minded utely — and with considerably more per- at Muenster, but the politicians involved wealthy. families. It doesn't necessarily tinence to our state's well-being and en- do not seem to be really involved. Sure, mean any scurrilous deals have been con- lightenment. How ludicrous it has been the governor and Waggoner Carr and cocted. There are many people who enjoy to read the minutiae that has been chron- various Congressmen have visited the the company of politicians as do Ernest icled at Muenster at the same time that Medderses' ranch and several of these and Margaret Medders in Texas; and prob- our state newspapers have largely ig- men have been fabulously wined and ably many of them don't have all the nored the C.I.A.-N.S.A. story — and the dined at the family's $175,000 party barn. money they like people to think they do. disclosures that the intelligence agency And, yes we know, President Johnson has The reporters, so far as I can tell, are has used at least eight or nine Texas foun- flown Mr. and Mrs. Medders in a presi- wasting their time, and the time of their dations. What coverage there has been of dential plane, perhaps Air Force One; and, readers, on this story. Let the newsmen that aspect of the C.I.A. story in the Texas it's true, Lady Bird's and Lyndon's pic- turn their attention to more meaningful press has been skimpy, or non-existent, tures hang on the wall of that Muenster subjects. The space alloted to news in our and has largely consisted of acutely com- ranch house whose title is now in ques- state's papers is far too limited to clutter pressed rewrites from the Eastern news- tion. it with the woes of a man and a woman paper accounts. So what? Any prominent Texas poli- who may have overextended their finan- I keep thinking the Texas reporters tician characteristically deals with such cial means — even if on such a grand must smell another Billy Sol Estes case apparently prominent, influential, and scale. G. 0.

president of this century," you give signs of • having lost your reason. I was a subscriber to the old Texas Spectator (and still have most copies) and a charter subscriber to The Observer. As a liberal and a Democrat of the Tru- man, Stevenson, Kennedy, Johnson per- suasion, I cannot, in good conscience, There Every Saturday No Oath at A&M read your slander on our president (and much else that you publish) without pro- Participants in the Dallas Peace Vigil While reading your Feb. 17 issue I came testing in the only way open to me — to each Saturday at Dealy Plaza seem to across some errors. A regulation about stop supporting your magazine. . . . I am the dress of civilian students is not a sending a copy of this letter to my friends sense a real groundswell of support. The new idea. . . . [Such regulations] have only opposition has been a weekly con- Jack Brooks, M. C., Henry Gonzalez, been on the books for years, as far as I M. C., and Senator A. R. Schwartz. It tingent of the Nazis. . .. Not one word can determine. The current trouble with grieves me to have to write this letter. of the vigil has appeared in the Dallas the regulations is that they were contin- Edwin Gale, Box 1710, Beaumont, Texas News, Dealy's rag. Maybe he thinks we'll ually violated without any punitive mea- 77704. sures. So they should have either been go away. Little does he know that we'll abolished or enforced. Now it seems they be there every Saturday till Americans are to be enforced. The C.I.A.'s Purpose stop killing and being killed in Viet Nam. As to the "innocence" oath, I called a Bill Helmer's slur [Obs., Feb. 3] on the —Ken Gjemre, 3407 Drexel, Dallas, Texas few friends, two that worked in registra- 75205. competence of the C.I.A. (he wrote before tion and three that did not. Only one had the 15-year C.I.A.-N.S.A. conspiracy was 20 The Texas Observer ever heard of the oath and he did not revealed) is not substantiated by its rec- sign it. There were two tables where the ord, unless one is inclined to accept its [oaths were signed] during the fall regis- real purposes as identical with those giv- tration; these tables were used to rest en for it. Why should we believe the C.I.A. upon by tiring personnel during the erred in Santo Domingo, Cuba, and Viet- [spring] registration. Maybe your source nam? If its purpose is to promote mili- was [or just looked like] a criminal type tarism and hysteria in America, it has and that was why he was asked to sign. succeeded remarkably well. I enjoy your newspaper and had Why not look on the C.I.A. as a "mar- thought up till now that most things in ket analyst" for the nation's militarists? it were factual. Maybe you will have a If no market exists for their goods and "Credibility Gap" for me from now on. services, it can counsel Presidents into T. S. Jones, 302 Ash Street, College Sta- disastrous courses of action which will tion, Texas 77840. revive the national Anti-communist hys- teria when it begins to flag. Class Legislation? In our national religion of Anti-bom- There is a real danger, I think, that munism, as in any religion that preaches legislation legalizing liquor by the drink mainly hate, an occasional dose of fear will turn out to be class legislation. The is necessary to keep True Believers in cost of a liquor by the drink license could the fold and to keep them from worrying be made too high for working-man bars. too much about the quality of their own I hope liberals in the legislature work lives. This is especially true when we do for making it relatively easy for anyone not know those we are instructed to hate, to get a drink — not just the fat-cats — except the label the preacher has given John Kruse, 708 West 23rd, Austing, Texas them. Religions teach fear and hate for 78705. only one reason: to line someone's pocket or improve his power and prestige. Mean, Ugly Tone There is no reason to believe that very You have lost your ability to disagree many of the Mr. X's in C.I.A.'s chain of without being disagreeable. Your mean, command are known to its director or to ugly tone would hardly be matched by each other. Why suppose there are no a publication of the Citizen's Council or rotten links anywhere in the chain? the K K K. When you write [Obs., Feb. 3] Ruth and Everett Gilmore, 3411 Shen- that Mr. Johnson is "as of now, our worst andoah, Dallas, Texas.