DOCSLIB.ORG

A Monograph of the Anopheles Mosquitoes of India / by S.P. James and W. Glen Liston

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Monograph of the Anopheles Mosquitoes of India / by S.P. James and W. Glen Liston 1 A Monograph OF THE nopheline Mosquitoes of India BY S. p. JaMIiS, M.D., D.P.H., I. M.S. Secretary to the Committee for the Study of Malaria in India ; formerly ivith the Royal Society's Malaria Commission in India AND W. Glen Liston, m.d., d.p.h., i.m.s. Of the Research Laboratory, Parel, BomOay Second Edition Re-wriUey) and enla\s;ed CALCUTTA THACKER, SPINK AND CO 191 CALCUTTA PRINTED BY THACKEK, SPINK AND COMPANY. FKOM THE PEEFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. This book has been written at the request of some of our fellow-workers in India, so we need not apologise for its publication. Its scope is indicated in the title, "We have attempted to treat the subject clearly, and to describe the different species in such a manner that any specimen collected will be easily identified. In our opinion this is the most important requirement of any book dealing with mosquitoes, and in connexion with it we venture to hope that our coloured plates will be found helpful. We are much indebted to our friend Dr. Turkhud, of Bombay, for having drawn them, under our direction, with so much care and skill. PREFACE TO THE NEW EDITION. All the copies of the first edition were sold within a few months, but we decided to postpone the issue of a new edition until we should be able to include in it the results of further study. We hope that the changes and additions now made will be held to justify our decision. We have kept in view that the purpose of the book is to aid in the correct determination of specimens, and the new matter on this subject includes a redescription of every species that was mentioned in the first edition. In common with many other medical men, we are greatly disappointed that no dipterologist has examined in detail Mr. Theobald's admirable pioneer work on classification and identification by scale structure, but, that being so, we cimsider that our endeavour in Chapter III needs no apology ; it will serve its purpose if collectors find that it assists them in the task of identify- ing their specimens. We are indebted to many workers for information and material, especially, as regards workers in India, to Captain Christophers, I. M.S.; N. Annandale, Esq.,D.sc.; Lieut. -Colonel Adie, lm.s.; Major F. Smith, D.S.O., R.A.M.c, and Dr. Bentley and, as C. A. ; regards workers in England, to F. V. Theobald, Esq., m.a.; Dr. J. W. W. Stephens and R. Newstead, Esq. CONTENTS. PART I.—General. Page. Chapter I, —A general account of mosquitoes ... ... ... I Chapter II —The collection, mounting, and examination of anopheline mosquitoes and their larvse ... ... ... 20 Chapter III. —The classification and identification of Indian anophelines 37 PART II Systematic. The genus Neostethopheles ... ... ... ... ... 59 The GENUS Patagiamyia ... ... ... ... ... 62 GENUS Myzomifia ... ... ... The ... _ _ gg The oenus Anopheles ... ... ... ... ... 75 The GENUS Pyretophoru^s ... ... ... ... Qi The genus Nyssorhynchus ... ... ... ... 34. The GENUS Nyssomyzomyia ... ... .,, ... gg The GENUS Neomyzoynyia ... ... ... ... i(j5 Thb GENUS Neocellia ... ... .. ... ... 107 ... The GENUS Cellia ... ... ... ... ijg The GENUS Myzorhynchus ... ., ... ... ... ng The GENUS Christophersia ... ... ,,. ... ... ^23 The genus Aldrichia ... ... ., ... ... 125 .. ILLUSTRATIONS. List of full-page Plates. Plate I. Eggs and larvte of anopheline and culicine mosquitoes To face page 4 „ n. Larvse and pupae of culicine and anopheline mosquitoes „ 6 larva of maculipalpis . • ' y> ni. The „ „ 8 „ IV. Adult male and female culicine and anopheline mos- quitoes . ••»»,, 10 of Anopholines species) . » V. Wing scales (12 . 38 » VI. Wing scales of Anophelines (12 species) .. .. 39 » VII. The shape of the wing scales in the genera Anopheles and Myzomyia . 41 Lithographed plates to show generic characters. Plate A. The genera NeostetJiopheles, Blyzonvi/ia, Patagiatnyia'\ and Pyretophorus. At the cad of „ B. The genera Nyssorhynchus and Nyssomyzoinyia. Part I. C. The genera Neocellia and Cellia. „ D. The genera Myzorhynchus and Christophersia. » VIII. NeostetJiopheles aitJceni To face page 60 » IX. Neostethopheles culiciformis . 61 „ X. The larvse of culicifacies and turk/mdi 70 „ XL The larvse of listoni and jeyporiensis 73 „ XII. Nyssorhynchus harwari 96 „ XIIL The larvse of rossi and stephensi 98 » XIV. Nyssomyzomyia punctulata . 104 » XV. Neomyzomyia elegans 105 „ XVI. The larvse of barbirostris and fuliginosus 118 „ XVII. Christophersia halli 123 List of coloured plates (at the end op the book). I. Descriptive Diagram of a female Anopheline. II. Patagiamyia lindesayi, Giles. III. Myzomyia culicifacies, Giles. IV. Myzomyia listoni, Liston {-fvviaiilis = christopJi€rsi). V. Anopheles turkbudi, Liston. VI. Pyretophorus jeyporiensis, James. VII. Nyssorhynchus fuliginosus, Giles. VIII. Nyssorhynchus jamesi, Theobald. IX. Nyssorhynchus maculipalpis, James and Liston. X. Nyssorhynchus theobaldi, Giles. .. List of illjistrafio7is List op coloured plates (at the end of the book)—concld. XI. Nyssomyzomyia rossi, Giles. XII. Neocellia stephensi, Listen. XIII. Oellia pulcherrima, Theobald. XIV. Myzorhynchus barbirostris, Van der Wulp. XV. Myzorbyncluis nigerrimus, James and Listen ( = sinensis, Wiedmann). List of other Illustrations (in the text) Mosqiiito eggs On page 4 Larvfe oi Chironomiis, Ephemera, and Corethra • ' 5> 55 8 To show method of mounting a mosquito 55 55 24 ,, ,, preserving mosquitoes in tubes . • 55 55 25 ,, „ examining mosquitoes • 5> 55 27 „ mounting mosquitoes on pith blocks 55 55 28 alive ,, keeping mosquitoes in bottles !5 55 34 of: (six species) Eggs anophelines 55 55 35 of Patagiamyia gigas Wing • jS »} 65 Wing and palpi of Patagiamyia simlensis . S3 55 68 Wing of variety jiunjabensis . sj 55 72 of clasper of turJchudi End >j 55 80 Wing of Nyssorhynchus harivari 55 55 97 Palpi of rossi and ludlowi wing of ; ludlowi • 55 55 103 of Neomyzoynyia elegans Wing • 55 55 106 Palp, wing, and hind leg of Neocellia indiea • 55 "55 108 leg of Palp, wing, and hind Neocellia willmori • >}. 51 111 J- PART 1. — A MONOGRAPH OF THE ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES OF INDIA. CHAPTER I. A GENEEAL ACCOUNT OF MOSQUITOES. OSQUITOES or gnats (CULICIDtE) belong to the order of insects known as DIPTERA. As is well-known, a typical member of the class INSECTA has four wings, but it is characteristic of members of the order DIPTERA that the hinder pair of wings are so reduced in size as to form only small knobs called " balancers " or halteres, so that DIPTERA are often spoken of as " two -winged flies/' Other important characters of members of this order are that the mouth parts are adapted for sucking—sometimes also for piercing—and that the insects undergo complete "metamorphosis"—a term which is explained by Claus in the following manner :— " The more complete the agreement between the just-born young and the adult sexual animal so much th? greater will be the duration of the embryonic development and the more complicated the developmental piocesses of the embryo. The post-embryonic development will, in this case, be confined to simple processes of growth. When, however, the embryo is born in an immature condition and at a relatively low state of organization, the post-embryonic development addition to its increase in size, will be more complicated, and the young animal, in will present cases various processes of transformation and change of form. In such the just-hatched young, as opposed to the adult animal, is called a Larva and develops gradually to the form cf the adult sexual animal. The development of larvae, however, is by no means direct and uniform, but is complicated by the necessity for special contrivances to enable them to procure food and to protect place in an entirely different medium, under different conditions of themselves ; sometimes taking is known as metamorphosis." life. This kind of post-embryonic development The phenomena of metamorphosis are well shown in the life history of insects. The different stages through which mosquitoes pass before they reach the adult state may, for example, be briefly described in the following way : The adult female mosquito lays its eggs on the surface of water. The eggs float on the water for some days (two to four), after which time they hatch into small wriggling animals called larvw. A] How to distinguish Mosquitoes from other Flies. The larva is a free swimming worm-like animal, whicli eats greedi- ly and grows rapidly, casting its skin several times in the process, till it reaches its full development. At this stage it suddenly changes its from casting its skin, the ; worm-like larva assumes a comma shape, and becomes the fufa or nynvpha. the pupal insect During stage the does not eat ; it spends its time in struggling to the bottom of the water and rising to the surface to breathe profound anatomical ; changes take place within the pupal skin, whereby the masticatory mouth parts of the larva are converted into the suctorial apparatus of the adult insect or imago. After a cer- tain number of days the pupa-case ruptures, and the adult insect is liberated, furnished with wings and legs adapted for a life in the air. The DIPTERA. have been divided into two great groups, termed OrthorrhafJia and Cyclorrha'pha, according to the manner in which the pupa-case splits to permit the escape of the perfect insect. In the OrthorrhafJia, which includes the Culicidco (mosquitoes), the Corethri- dce, the Chironomidw (midges), the SimuliidcB (sand-flies), the Ceci- domyidce (gall-midges), the MycetophilidcB (fungus-midges), the Tipu- lidcB (daddy-long-legs), the Tahanidw (horse-flies), etc., the pupa-case splits longitudinally down the median dorsal line. In the Cyclor- rhapha, which includes the ^^r^}A^^^cB (hover-flies), the OestridcB (bot-and warble flies), the Muscidce (house flies, tsetse flies, blue and green bottle flies, flesh flies, etc.), the perfect insect escapes by the splitting off of a cap from the head end of the pupa.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Download Article
    Available Online at http://www.journalajst.com ASIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Asian Journal of Science and Technology ISSN: 0976-3376 Vol. 11, Issue, 12, pp.11392 -11396, December, 2020 RESEARCH ARTICLE SEASONAL VARIATION OF MOSQUITOES IN RELATION TO ABIOTIC ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN BEED DISTRICT OF MAHARASHTRA, INDIA *Khaire B. S. Dept. of Zoology, Anandrao Dhonde Alias Babaji College, Kada - 414202, Tq. Asthi, Dist. Beed ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: The present study gives an overview of data on the biodiversity of mosquitoes. The distribution pattern Received 06th September, 2020 of mosquitoes is related to habitat preference. These habitats may be natural or man-made. Mosquitoes Received in revised form are carriers of number of diseases. The study was carried out for one year during August 2019 to July 19th October, 2020 2020. Collection of mosquito species from different nine geographical regions of Ashti tehsil, District Accepted 04th November, 2020 Beed (M.S.). Mosquitoes were collected at different habitats. A total number of 3274 mosquitoes were th Published online 30 December, 2020 collected from nine different localities. A diverse collection of Mosquitos reveals the presence of Seventeen species belonging to five genera i.e. Anopheles, Aedes, Culex Armigeres and Mansonia. Key words: Anopheles genus dominated with seven species. The highest population of mosquito species observed Mosquito, diversity Culex, Aedes, in the rainy season in the month of September. Whereas density of mosquito species was observed least Anopheles Armigeres, Mansonia, in the summer, in the month of February. Genus wise Contribution (percentage) of Mosquitos was Beed District, India. dominated by Anopheles sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Microsoft Outlook
    Joey Steil From: Leslie Jordan <[email protected]> Sent: Tuesday, September 25, 2018 1:13 PM To: Angela Ruberto Subject: Potential Environmental Beneficial Users of Surface Water in Your GSA Attachments: Paso Basin - County of San Luis Obispo Groundwater Sustainabilit_detail.xls; Field_Descriptions.xlsx; Freshwater_Species_Data_Sources.xls; FW_Paper_PLOSONE.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S1.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S2.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S3.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S4.pdf CALIFORNIA WATER | GROUNDWATER To: GSAs We write to provide a starting point for addressing environmental beneficial users of surface water, as required under the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA). SGMA seeks to achieve sustainability, which is defined as the absence of several undesirable results, including “depletions of interconnected surface water that have significant and unreasonable adverse impacts on beneficial users of surface water” (Water Code §10721). The Nature Conservancy (TNC) is a science-based, nonprofit organization with a mission to conserve the lands and waters on which all life depends. Like humans, plants and animals often rely on groundwater for survival, which is why TNC helped develop, and is now helping to implement, SGMA. Earlier this year, we launched the Groundwater Resource Hub, which is an online resource intended to help make it easier and cheaper to address environmental requirements under SGMA. As a first step in addressing when depletions might have an adverse impact, The Nature Conservancy recommends identifying the beneficial users of surface water, which include environmental users. This is a critical step, as it is impossible to define “significant and unreasonable adverse impacts” without knowing what is being impacted. To make this easy, we are providing this letter and the accompanying documents as the best available science on the freshwater species within the boundary of your groundwater sustainability agency (GSA).
    [Show full text]
  • Reinert Anopheline Eggs
    European Mosquito Bulletin 28 (2010), 103-142 Journal of the European Mosquito Control Association ISSN 1460-6127; w.w.w.e-m-b.org First published online 20 July 2010 List of anopheline species with published illustrations and/or descriptions of eggs (Diptera: Culicidae: Anophelinae) John F. Reinert Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology (CMAVE), United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1600/1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32608-1067, and collaborator Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract Species of the mosquito subfamily Anophelinae with published illustrations and/or morphol- ogical descriptions of the egg stage are listed with their literature citations. Species of the subfamily have the egg stage better known than those in most tribes of family Culicidae. Key words: Diptera, Culicidae, Anophelinae, Anopheles, Bironella, Brugella, Chagasia, Cellia, Kerteszia, Lophopodomyia, Nyssorhynchus, Stethomyia, mosquito, eggs Introduction A listing of species with published illustrations and/or descriptions of eggs in the mosquito subfamily Anophelinae is provided below and includes literature citations. Many of the publications include descriptive information in addition to the illustrations of the egg, however, some descriptions are very brief. Descriptive information on eggs sometimes is included in keys. The identification of anopheline species, subspecies, varieties, races, synonyms, etc. utilized in the cited literature is reported in the following list. Qu & Zhu (2008) provided recent information on several species that had been synonymized or resurrected from synonymy. The latest listing of currently valid species and generic-level taxa reported in the Mosquito Taxonomic Inventory (http://mosquito-taxonomic-inventory.info, accessed 30 June 2010) was utilized.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstract Book
    ABSTRACT BOOK 28TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY (ICCB) 28TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY ICCB 2017 brought together knowledge from the natural and social sciences that can transform our work and relationship with the urban and natural world, allowing us to move toward a more sustainable future. There were 1,268 accepted abstracts, including 234 posters, 40 lunchtime workshops, 60 symposia, 56 knowledge cafes, 139 four-minute presentations and 373 twelve-minute presentations, as well as 1,480 participants from 71 countries. The plenaries, talks and discussions challenged how we think about conservation, highlighting the importance of understanding impact, working strategically for a variety of conservation actions and inspiring others. We have no doubt that ICCB 2017 will be remembered in the Society for Conservation Biology as the most diverse, inclusive and interdisciplinary conference to date. We hope all that attended will keep this spirit alive. We are honored to have chaired the Scientific Committee and incredibly grateful to the members of all the committees and volunteers who contributed their time and ABOUT THE SOCIETY FOR energy to making this conference a success. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY (SCB) Morena Mills, Kartik Shanker, and Ximena Rueda Fajardo SCB is a global community of conservation professionals with members working in more than 100 countries who are dedicated to advancing the HOW TO CITE THE ICCB 2017 ABSTRACT BOOK science and practice of conserving Earth’s biological diversity. The Society’s membership comprises a wide TO CITE THE ABSTRACT BOOK range of people interested in the conservation and study of biological diversity: resource managers, Mills M., Rueda Fajardo X., Shanker K.
    [Show full text]
  • Scientists' Warning on Invasive Alien Species
    Biol. Rev. (2020), pp. 000–000. 1 doi: 10.1111/brv.12627 Scientists’ warning on invasive alien species Petr Pyšek1,2,3* , Philip E. Hulme4 , Dan Simberloff5 , Sven Bacher6 , Tim M. Blackburn7,8,3 , James T. Carlton9 , Wayne Dawson10 , Franz Essl11,3 , Llewellyn C. Foxcroft3,12 , Piero Genovesi13,3 , Jonathan M. Jeschke14,15,16 , Ingolf Kühn17,18,19 , Andrew M. Liebhold20,21 , Nicholas E. Mandrak22 , Laura A. Meyerson23 , Aníbal Pauchard24,25 , Jan Pergl1 , Helen E. Roy26 , Hanno Seebens27 , Mark van Kleunen28,29 , Montserrat Vilà30,31 , Michael J. Wingfield32 and David M. Richardson3 1Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Pru˚honice, CZ-252 43, Czech Republic 2Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicˇná 7, Prague, CZ-128 44, Czech Republic 3Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa 4Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand 5Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, U.S.A. 6Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland 7Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, U.K. 8Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, NW1 4RY, U.K. 9Maritime Studies Program, Williams College – Mystic Seaport, 75 Greenmanville, Mystic, CT, 06355, U.S.A. 10Department of Biosciences, Durham
    [Show full text]
  • Patterns of Freshwater Species Richness, Endemism, and Vulnerability in California
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Patterns of Freshwater Species Richness, Endemism, and Vulnerability in California Jeanette K. Howard1☯*, Kirk R. Klausmeyer1☯, Kurt A. Fesenmyer2☯, Joseph Furnish3, Thomas Gardali4, Ted Grantham5, Jacob V. E. Katz5, Sarah Kupferberg6, Patrick McIntyre7, Peter B. Moyle5, Peter R. Ode8, Ryan Peek5, Rebecca M. Quiñones5, Andrew C. Rehn7, Nick Santos5, Steve Schoenig7, Larry Serpa1, Jackson D. Shedd1, Joe Slusark7, Joshua H. Viers9, Amber Wright10, Scott A. Morrison1 1 The Nature Conservancy, San Francisco, California, United States of America, 2 Trout Unlimited, Boise, Idaho, United States of America, 3 USDA Forest Service, Vallejo, California, United States of America, 4 Point Blue Conservation Science, Petaluma, California, United States of America, 5 Center for Watershed Sciences and Department of Wildlife Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America, 6 Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America, 7 Biogeographic Data Branch, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Sacramento, California, United States of America, 8 Aquatic Bioassessment Laboratory, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Rancho Cordova, California, United States of America, 9 School of Engineering, University of California Merced, Merced, California, United States of America, 10 Department of Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America ☯ OPEN ACCESS These authors contributed equally to this work. * [email protected] Citation: Howard JK, Klausmeyer KR, Fesenmyer KA, Furnish J, Gardali T, Grantham T, et al. (2015) Patterns of Freshwater Species Richness, Abstract Endemism, and Vulnerability in California. PLoS ONE 10(7): e0130710. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0130710 The ranges and abundances of species that depend on freshwater habitats are declining Editor: Brian Gratwicke, Smithsonian's National worldwide.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 14 Emergence of Mosquitoes
    Durham E-Theses The risk of vector-borne disease exposure in rubber plantations of northern Lao PDR TANGENA, JULIE-ANNE,AKIKO How to cite: TANGENA, JULIE-ANNE,AKIKO (2016) The risk of vector-borne disease exposure in rubber plantations of northern Lao PDR, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11981/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 ‘The risk of vector-borne disease exposure in rubber plantations of northern Lao PDR’ By Julie-Anne Akiko Tangena Thesis submitted to Durham University in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor in Philosophy The School of Biological & Biomedical Sciences Durham University August 2016 Thesis abstract The risk of vector-borne disease exposure in rubber plantations of northern Lao PDR Unprecedented economic growth in South-East Asia has encouraged the expansion of rubber plantations.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Article (PDF)
    Ucca ional aper o. 241 T o ADU .L OCCASIONAL PAPER NO. 241 RECORDS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA Wetland Mosquito Fauna of Tamil Nadu K. ILANGO Zoological Survey of India, Southern Regional Station, 130 Santhome High Road, Chennai-600028 Email: [email protected] Edited by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata ~~ Zoological Survey of India Kolkata CITATION Ilango, K. 2005. Wetland Mosquito fauna of Tamil Nadu : Rec. zool. Surv. India, Occasional Paper No. 241 : 1-36 (Published by the Director, Zoo!. Surv. India) Published : November, 2005 ISBN 81-8171-081-9 © Govt. of India, 2005 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED • No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. • This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade, be lent, resold hired out or otherwise disposed of without the publisher's consent; in an form of binding or cover other than that in which, it is published. • The correct price of this publication is the price printed on this page. Any revised price indicated by a rubber stamp or by a sticker or by any othe~ means is incorrect and should be unacceptable. PRICE Indian Rs. 250.00 Foreign $ 20 £ 15 Published at the Publication Division, by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, 234/4 AJ.C. Bose Road, 2nd MSO Building, NizalTI Palace (13th floor), Kolkata - 700 020 and printed at Krishna Printing Works, Vivekanand Road, Kolkata - 700 006.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Measures for Malaria Control in Indonesia -An Historical Review on Species Sanitation JT5~/(/~ B>3 Tfz £T O
    WAGENINGEN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY PAPERS 90-7 (1990) Environmentalmeasure sfo r malariacontro li nIndonesi a -anhistorica l reviewo nspecie ssanitatio n W. Takken1, W.B. Snellen2, J.P. Verhave3, B.G.J. Knols4 and S. Atmosoedjono5 Department of Entomology Agricultural University P.O. Box 8031,6700 EH Wageningen the Netherlands 1 To whom allcorrespondenc e should be addressed. 2 International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement, P.O. Box45 , 6700A A Wageningen, the Netherlands. 3 Department of Medical Parasitology, University of Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands. 4 present address: Department of Veterinary Services, P.O. Box 920034, Senanga, Zambia. 5 National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 226,Jakart a 10560, Indonesia. Wageningen mm Agricultural University JT5~/(/~ B>3 tfz £to tittttJOTHEEK DINDBOUWUNIVERSHEE! mammm Cip-Data Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Den Haag Environmental Environmental measures for malaria control in Indonesia :a historical review on species sanitation / W. Takken... [et al.].-Wageninge n : Agricultural University. - 111. - (Wageningen Agricultural University papers, ISSN 0169-345X ;90-7(1990) ) With ref. ISBN 90-6754-186-9 NUGI835 Subject heading: malaria control ;Indonesi a ;history . © Agricultural University Wageningen, The Netherlands, 1991 No part of this publication, apart from abstract, bibliographic and brief quo­ tations embodied in critical reviews, may be reproduced, recorded or published in any form including print, photocopy, microform, electronic or electromagne­ tic record without written permission from the publisher Agricultural Universi­ ty,P.O .Bo x 9101, 6700H BWageningen , the Netherlands. Printed in the Netherlands by Veenman Drukkers, Wageningen Contents Preface vi List of Tables viii List of Figures x List of Photographs xii List ofmoder n and historical geographical names xiii 1.
    [Show full text]
  • A Guide to the Freshwater Fauna of Ceylon. Supplement 2
    A Guide to the freshwater fauna of Ceylon. Supplement 2 Item Type article Authors Fernando, C.H. Download date 26/09/2021 05:46:55 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/32492 Bull. Fish. Res. Stn., Ceylon, Vol. 17, No. P, pp. 177-211, December 1964. A Guide the Freshwater Fauna of Ceylon. Supplement 2 By c. H. FERNANDO* (FisheriM Research Station, Colombo 3, Ceylon) INTRODUCTION This is the second supplement to " A guide to the freshwater fauna of Ceylon " by A. S. M:endis and C. H. Fernando, Bull. Fish. Res. Stn., Ceylon, No. 12, 160 pp. (1962). In the present supplement additions and corrections are made in the sections on Protozoa, Annelida and Arthropoda. The sections on Platyhelminthes and Nematoda have been expanded and the Acanthocephala added. A list of species recorded and the hosts of the parasitic forms are included. In the " Guide ", the insects with only larval stages in aquatic habitats were mentioned only briefly and no species lists were included. In this supplement this gap is largely :filled by added notes and inclusion of species lists of all these groups except the Neuroptera, Lepidoptera, Tabanidae, Syrphidae and Stratiomyidae. The orders Neuroptera and Lepidoptera have relatively few members in freshwater habitats and the families Tabanidae, Syrphidae and Stratiomyidae have forms with larvae in aquatic habitats and also in moist places which are not true freshwater habitats. At the present time it is not possible to separate those forms living in freshwater habitats. Short diagnoses of six additional families are given, namely, the Dixidae, Psychodidae, Tabanidae Stratiomyidae, Rhagionidae and Sciomyzidae.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 SACNAS the National Diversity in STEM Confrence
    2020 SACNAS The National Diversity in STEM Confrence Student Research Presentation Abstract Book 2020 SACNAS — THE NATIONAL DIVERSITY IN STEM VIRTUAL CONFERENCE ABSTRACT BOOK Student Poster Presentations An Inexpensive GC-PID for Near Real-Time Analysis of BTEX from Gas Stations and Traffic Discipline: Chemistry Subdiscipline: Analytical Chemistry Alondra Moreno*; Francesca Hopkins and Isis Frausto-Vicencio, University of California, Riverside Abstract: Benzene and toluene (BT) are toxic air pollutants. Prolonged exposure to benzene has been known to cause cancer to humans. This study explores the use of an inexpensive gas chromatograph with a photoionization detector (GC- PID) instrument to screen for the presence of BT. The use of an inexpensive instrument allows for collecting spatially and temporally-resolved data that can inform residents of the presence of harmful contaminants. The capability of an inexpensive GC-PID was tested in the lab and the field to determine its performance in detecting ambient and emission source levels. The GC was placed at the exhaust of a diesel van and a gasoline sedan since they are known sources for BTEX. Notably, the car displayed significantly higher levels of BTEX than diesel. BTEX emissions were sampled on the highway and there was a clear positive linear relationship in an increase of emissions as traffic became more idle. Emissions were also sampled near gas stations, another known emissions source. A stronger signal was detected from gas stations. In this study, we present BT concentrations measured along the 60 freeway during rush hour, campus gas station and other gas stations near campus. Development of DNA Aptamer-Based Fluorescent Biosensor for Antibiotic Sulfamethoxazole Detection Discipline: Chemistry Subdiscipline: Analytical Chemistry Hanh Dan Nguyen* and Stevan Pecic, California State University, Fullerton Abstract: Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is an antibiotic that is used in treating a variety of bacterial infections.
    [Show full text]