Levels of Organization Advanced Notes Title: The Levels of Organization (pg. 10)

Living things are highly Atoms organized and structured, following a hierarchy Elements (order) that can be Molecules examined on a scale from Increase in small to large. Compounds complexity

Cells The pyramid to the right shows the hierarchical Tissue order of the levels of Organs organization. Organ systems

Organisms The Levels of Organization

1. Atoms – everything is made up of atoms ( there are different types of atoms)

2. Elements –one atom

3. Molecules – same elements together / or small number of elements together

4. Compounds – different elements together / many molecules put together

5. Cells – Basic unit of life

6. Tissue – group of similar cells working together to preform a function

7. Organ – A collection of tissue that work together to provide a specific function

8. Organ System – A collection of organs that work together to provide a specific function

9. Organisms – living thing Levels of Organization • Atoms - Smallest Level of Organization • Elements • Molecules • Compounds • Cells – Smallest Level of Living Organisms • Tissue • Organ • Organ System • Organisms – Largest Level of Living Organisms Levels of Organization

Patterns in the hierarchical organization • Atoms • Elements  Atoms make up elements to Organisms • Molecules  Elements make up molecules to Organisms • Compounds • Cells • Tissue • Organ  Atoms, elements, molecules, compounds, cells, • Organ System tissue organ, organ system make up organisms • Organisms Levels of Organization

Complete the following in your notes:

• Compounds are composed of …… • Organs and organ systems make up ….. • A group of similar cells is ….. • A group of the same elements is ….

*****Composed of means made up up***** Types of molecules and compounds

Organic Inorganic Molecules associated with living Inorganics include salts, metals, organisms are organic. These substances made from single include nucleic acids, fats, sugars, elements and any other compounds proteins, enzymes, and hydrocarbon that don't contain carbon bonded to fuels. All organic molecules contain hydrogen. Some inorganic molecules carbon, nearly all contain hydrogen, and many also contain oxygen. do, in fact, contain carbon. • • DNA table salt or sodium chloride, NaCl • table sugar or sucrose, C H O • carbon dioxide, CO2 12 22 11 • diamond (pure carbon) • benzene, C6H6 • silver • methane, CH4 • ethanol or grain alcohol, C2H6O • sulfur What is organic? In your notes: Sort the pictures as either organic or inorganic. • Sugar • Swan • Buffalo • Corn • Strawberries • Paddleboat • Rocks • Pea Pod • Flower • Dewberries Answer to What is organic?

• All of the objects are considered organic except the rocks and the paddle boat.

• To a chemist, the term organic describes chemical compounds that contain carbon and other elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, or phosphorus. For example, the pain reliever acetaminophen is organic and its chemical formula is C8H9NO2.

• At the grocery store, the term organic describes foods raised under specific conditions. For example, beef labeled organic is from cows that were not given antibiotics, growth hormones, or fed animal by-products.

• All of the organisms pictured are alive and composed of organic compounds.

• Why is sugar organic? The chemical formula for sugar is C6H12O6. The compound contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Sugar is processed from sugar cane, a plant. All living organisms contain carbon-based compounds, making them organic. Inorganic Molecules in the Body

• Our bodies are composed mostly of water, H2O, and it is necessary for us to survive. However, water is an example of an inorganic compound because it does not contain carbon and it was not formed by a living organism.

• Carbon dioxide, CO2, is another example of an inorganic compound because it does not contain both carbon and hydrogen. One molecule of CO2 contains one atom of carbon and two atoms of oxygen. There are a total of three atoms in one molecule of carbon dioxide, CO2. Organize the following into a T-Chart: Inorganic / Both / Organic

1. Salt, NaCl 2. Sometimes contains nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, or phosphorus with carbon 3. Contained in living organisms 4. May or may not contain carbon 5. Contains carbon and hydrogen 6. Must contain carbon

7. Formaldehyde, CH2O 8. Sometimes contains sodium, oxygen, or calcium, but without carbon

Answer Questions 1-2 in your 3. Notes 1.

2. 4. 3. 1.

2. 4. Macromolecules • All creatures and such that inhabit the earth, in other words, all biological systems, are made up of one or another type of large macromolecule. Biological macromolecules can be divided into 4 groups based on their chemical properties. These 4 groups are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. • Atoms combine into distinctive molecules. Molecules that play a role in biological systems are mostly composed of 4 atoms, those being hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. Macromolecules, as you would guess from the name, are larger structures than individual molecules. Just as atoms combine to form molecules, molecules combine to form large macromolecules. Macromolecules

• As you know, a train is made of many individual train cars. It has a front end, usually the locomotive, and a caboose at the opposite end. These connect to each other making a chain of train cars, which we call “the train.” This train is analogous to a macromolecule, just as a single train car represents a molecule. The cars can be different from one another or sometimes they’re the same, but each kind has a particular function in the train.

Function of the 4 Macromolecules

1) carbohydrates are a main source of energy and building material; 2) lipids perform many functions including providing a protective barrier in our cell membranes; 3) proteins are responsible for much of the cellular activities and processes; 4) nucleic acids store our genetic information and code for those important proteins. • If you need more help after completing the Notes use the following link: • https://floridastudents.org/BenchmarksList/PreviewStandard?benchmarkList s=2044&subjectAreaId=29&gradeLevelGroupId=9&CourseID=13083#9|9|130 83|2044