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Standard Operating Procedures to Combat Human to Combat Human Traffi cking in Ghana Traffi to Combat Human Standard Operating Procedures Operating Procedures Standard with an Emphasis on Child Traffi cking with an Emphasis on Child Traffi Standard Operating Standard Operating Procedures Procedures to Combat to Combat Human Traffi cking Human Traffi cking in Ghana in Ghana with an Emphasis on Child Traffi cking with an Emphasis on Child Traffi cking The opinions expressed in the report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Organization for Migration (IOM). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout the report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IOM concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning its frontiers or boundaries. IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and society. As an intergovernmental organization, IOM acts with its partners in the international community to: assist in meeting the operational challenges of migration; advance understanding of migration issues; encourage social and economic development through migration; and uphold the human dignity and well-being of migrants. This series on standard operating procedures to combat human trafficking in Ghana was made possible through support provided by the United States Department of State, under the terms of Award No. S-SJTIP-15-CA-1011. The opinions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Department of State. Publisher: IOM Ghana House No. 10, Plot No. 48 Osu-Badu Avenue, Broadway, Airport West P.O. Box 5222, Accra-North Ghana Tel.: +233 (0)302 742 930 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.iom.int/countries/ghana © 2017 International Organization for Migration (IOM) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. 01_17 Standard Operating Procedures to Combat Human Trafficking in Ghana with an Emphasis on Child Trafficking OCTOBER 2017 Standard Operating Procedures to Combat Human Trafficking in Ghana iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................xi GLOSSARY ...........................................................................................xiii PREFACE ..............................................................................................xix INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................xxi Audience ......................................................................................................xxi Structure .....................................................................................................xxii Chapter 1: Identification and Screening Protocols ...........................xxii Chapter 2: Direct Assistance .............................................................xxii Special Chapter: Trafficking in Persons Law Review ..........................xxii Chapter 3: Investigation ...................................................................xxiii Chapter 4: Prosecution ....................................................................xxiii Chapter 5: Referral and Case Monitoring Framework .....................xxiii Background .................................................................................................xxiii Methodology ..............................................................................................xxvi Legal Framework ........................................................................................xxvii Definition of Human Trafficking .....................................................xxvii CHAPTER 1. IDENTIFICATION AND SCREENING PROTOCOLS ............... 3 1.1. Key roles .......................................................................................................... 3 1.1.1. Victim .........................................................................................3 1.1.2. Law enforcement .......................................................................4 1.1.3. Social worker .............................................................................4 1.2. Identification ................................................................................................... 6 1.2.1. Who can identify? ......................................................................7 1.2.2. Outreach ....................................................................................8 1.2.3. Initial indications of human trafficking ....................................10 1.3. Rescue ........................................................................................................... 12 1.4. Immediate assistance .................................................................................... 14 1.4.1. Determination .........................................................................14 1.4.2. The interview process ..............................................................16 1.4.3. Age verification ........................................................................18 1.4.4. Child-friendly approach to interviews .....................................18 iv Table of Contents 1.5. Special considerations for child victims of trafficking .................................... 20 1.5.1. Memory ...................................................................................20 1.5.2. Mental health ..........................................................................20 1.5.3. Child growth ............................................................................21 1.5.4. Sexual violence ........................................................................22 1.5.5. Sexual and reproductive health ...............................................22 1.6. Assistance screening ..................................................................................... 24 CHAPTER 2. DIRECT ASSISTANCE ......................................................... 31 2.1. Key roles ........................................................................................................ 31 2.2. Guiding principles for providing direct assistance ........................................ 33 2.3. Minimum standards of care........................................................................... 35 2.3.1. Shelter .....................................................................................35 2.3.2. Medical care ............................................................................36 2.3.3. Psychosocial support ...............................................................38 2.3.4. Education and vocational training ...........................................39 2.3.5. Legal assistance .......................................................................42 2.4. Reintegration Assistance ............................................................................... 43 2.4.1. Family tracing ..........................................................................46 2.4.2. Family assessment ...................................................................47 2.4.3. Community assessment ...........................................................48 2.4.4. Reintegration plan ...................................................................48 2.4.5. Mechanisms for the provision of reintegration assistance .........50 2.4.6. Initial support by the receiving service provider .....................51 2.4.7. Reintegration assistance to minors ..........................................51 2.5. Assisted return ............................................................................................... 52 2.5.1. Contact between child and family ...........................................54 2.5.2. Reunification with family .........................................................54 2.6. Resettlement assistance ................................................................................ 55 2.7. Follow-up and counselling ............................................................................. 56 2.7.1. Follow-up indicators ................................................................57 2.7.2. Assessing integration: Child and adolescent needs and strengths–mental health ...................................................57 2.7.3. Extended reintegration support ..............................................61 2.8. Case closure ................................................................................................... 62 Standard Operating Procedures to Combat Human Trafficking in Ghana v SPECIAL CHAPTER. TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS LAW REVIEW ..................67 A. International law .................................................................................67 A.1. International legal definition of trafficking in persons ...............67 A.2. Analytical framework .................................................................68 A.3. Means: Abuse of a position of vulnerability ...............................70 B. Domestic law ................................................................................................. 72 B.1. 2005 Human Trafficking Act (Act 694) ........................................72 B.2. Means: Child victims ...................................................................75 B.3. Consent: Child and adult
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