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CONTENTS

Section No. Title Page No.

1 Introduction 4 Spatial Context 6 Environmental Constraints & Opportunities 7

2 Geology and Aggregate Resources 9 Bedrock Geology 9 Superficial Geology 10 Aggregate Resources 11 Sand and Gravel 11 Chalk and Limestone 12 Ironstone 12

3 Assessment of Supply & Demand 13 Sand and Gravel 13 Crushed Rock 16 Secondary and Recycled Aggregates 19 Marine Aggregates 21 Mineral Infrastructure 23

4 Total Aggregate Supply 24

5 Future Aggregate Supply & Demand 25 Managed Aggregate Supply System (MASS) 25 National and Regional Guidelines 25 National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) 26 Approaches to Identify Future Requirements 27 Other Factors to Take Into Account 27 Neighbouring Areas Requirements 27 Population Forecasts 28 Future House Building 28 Major Developments 28 Transport Improvements 30 Environmental Works 30 Potential Future Requirements 30

6 Conclusion & Key Messages for Minerals Planning Policy 32

7 References 34

8 Glossary 36

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Minerals make a vital contribution to the local and national economy and play an important part in our everyday lives. They have many uses, including the provision of material for construction and for a wide variety of industrial and commercial purposes, including the manufacture of paint, paper and toothpaste. The planning system has to ensure that sites are available to provide sufficient minerals to supply these industries.

1.2 Aggregate minerals are those that are used by the construction industry, for example in road building, house construction, manufacture of concrete and railway ballast. They include limestone, sandstone and sand and gravel. It is the provision of these minerals with which this assessment is concerned.

1.3 The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) issued in March 2012 requires Mineral Planning Authorities to plan for a steady and adequate supply of aggregates by determining their own levels of aggregate provision. This should be set out in a Local Aggregate Assessment (LAA). The NPPF sets out that this should be based on a rolling average of the previous 10 years sales data and other relevant information and an assessment of all supply options should also be factored in, where appropriate. It is advised also that Government guidance on the Managed Aggregates Supply System (MASS) and published National and Sub National Guidelines on future provision should also be taken into account.

1.4 The NPPF requires Local Aggregate Assessments (LAAs) to be prepared annually. Therefore, the information set out in the LAA will be updated regularly. It will help with monitoring of patterns and trends in aggregates supply in the Humber area.

1.5 The Localism Act 2011 and the NPPF includes a Duty to Co-operate. This requires planning authorities and other public sector bodies to work together on matters that are considered to have cross-boundary or cross-organisation implications. Planning for minerals is considered to fall into this bracket. Compliance with this duty is a key element that will be examined by Planning Inspectors when they considered future local plans. With this in mind, the members of the AWP (Aggregates Working Party) for Yorkshire and Humber decided to co-operate to produce LAAs covering the region. The approach taken to producing the LAA reflects the fact that aggregates are a strategic issue that goes beyond planning authority boundaries. At least three LAAs will be produced covering North Yorkshire including York, South and West Yorkshire, and the Humber area. This LAA covers the Humber area, which consists of East Yorkshire and northern Lincolnshire.

Figure 1: Area Covered by the Yorkshire and Humber Aggregates Working Party

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1.6 The LAA forms part of the evidence base for the various Local Plans being prepared by the mineral planning authorities in the Humber area. Throughout this LAA, the term ‘ the Humber area’ has been used to indicate the four Mineral Planning Authorities areas that it covers, namely:

 East Riding of Yorkshire Council;  Kingston upon Hull City Council;  North Lincolnshire Council; and  North East Lincolnshire Council

Figure 2: The Humber Area

1.7 The LAA details the current and future situation in the Humber area in terms of aggregate supply and demand including sales data and aggregate apportionment levels to 2030 based on rolling average of ten years sales data, and other relevant local information as advised by the NPPF.

1.8 The Mineral Planning Authorities in the Humber area clearly do not live or work in isolation. East Riding of Yorkshire Council is bordered by North Yorkshire County Council to the north, City of York Council to the west and Doncaster Metropolitan Borough Council (MBC) to the southwest. North Lincolnshire Council borders Doncaster MBC and Nottinghamshire County Council to the west and south-west respectively. Both North Lincolnshire and North East Lincolnshire border Lincolnshire County Council to the south. Therefore it is clear that regarding mineral planning, cross-border working needs to extend beyond the boundaries of the Humber area. In the preparation of this LAA, liaison has taken place with adjoining mineral planning authorities and aggregates working parties.

1.9 As unitary authorities, East Riding of Yorkshire, City of Kingston upon Hull, North East Lincolnshire and North Lincolnshire Councils are responsible for all aspects of local government in their area, including

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planning for minerals. Each authority must set out a series of planning policies to guide the location of future mineral development and determine any planning applications for mineral development. East Riding and Hull have a saved Joint Minerals Local Plan, which was adopted in 2004. North Lincolnshire Council is relying on a strategic minerals policy in their adopted Core Strategy DPD and the saved policies of the North Lincolnshire Local Plan, adopted in May 2003. North East Lincolnshire Council is relying on the saved policies of their Local Plan, adopted in November 2003.

1.10 The current progress as September 2013 for of each of the Humber Mineral Planning Authorities regarding developing mineral planning policy is as follows:

 East Riding of Yorkshire Council - Joint Minerals Plan for Hull and the East Riding is ready to go through a second round of Preferred Approach consultation with new sites included, but is awaiting the production of the LAA. The LAA will form part of the evidence base for the plan. The East Riding Local Plan – Proposed Submission Strategy (2014) includes a policy on minerals safeguarding and the Policy Map shows Mineral Safeguarded Areas.

 Kingston upon Hull City Council - Joint Minerals Plan for Hull and the East Riding is ready to go through a second round of Preferred Approach consultation with new sites included, but is awaiting the production of the LAA. The LAA will form part of the evidence base for the plan.

 North Lincolnshire Council – Have a strategic minerals policy in the adopted Core Strategy (June 2011). Preparing an Issues and Options version of a Minerals and Waste DPD. The LAA will form part of the evidence base for the DPD.

 North East Lincolnshire Council – Preparing a new Local Plan. An Initial Issues and Options paper was published in October 2012 for consultation. Now working on the evidence to support the plan. The LAA will form part of this.

Spatial Context 1.11 The Humber area is situated around the Humber Estuary on the east coast of the United Kingdom. It consists of four local authority areas – East Riding of Yorkshire, Kingston upon Hull, North Lincolnshire and North East Lincolnshire – and is part of the wider Yorkshire and Humber region. A predominately rural area, it covers an area stretching from Flamborough in the north to Kirton in Lindsey, Grimsby and Cleethorpes in the south, and Pollington in the west to Spurn Point in the east. It contains the major urban areas of Cleethorpes, Grimsby, Hull and Scunthorpe, as well as numerous smaller towns and service centres including Barton upon Humber, Beverley, Bridlington, Brigg, Driffield, Goole, Hedon, Immingham, Market Weighton, Pocklington and Withernsea. Boundaries are shared with Doncaster Metropolitan Borough, City of York, Lincolnshire County, North Yorkshire County and Nottinghamshire County Councils.

1.12 The whole area has a combined population of 917,6001 and has around 394,000 households. The population is expected to increase to 997,4002 by 2031, whilst it is estimated that by 20333, the number of households will increase by 26,000. This population growth, in turn, will create the need for further employment opportunities and improvements in infrastructure. As such, it is crucial that the Mineral Planning Authorities for the area are able to ensure the supply of sufficient aggregate minerals to realise these growth aims and to maintain the infrastructure already developed.

1.13 The topography of the Humber reflects its underlying geology. The narrow bands of Jurassic rock in combination with the chalk deposits have formed the upland areas of the Yorkshire Wolds and Lincolnshire Wolds and the prominent north-south ridge known as the Lincoln Edge or Cliff. This overlooks the Trent Valley and the Humberhead Levels to the west and the Lincoln Clay Vale (the Ancholme Valley) to the east. The lower slope of the scarp is formed by the Upper Lias, the middle slope comprises Northampton Sand and the Grantham Formation (Lower Estuarine Series), whilst the top of

1 2011 Census 2 Sub-National Population Projections, 2010-based (ONS) 3 Household Projections, 2008-based (DCLG, November 2010) APRIL 2014

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the Lincoln Edge comprises Lincolnshire Limestone. The top forms a plateau which is traversed by the Roman road, Ermine Street. The limestone of the dip slope is locally thin and in places the underlying clays and sands occur near the surface.

1.14 To the north of the Humber, the eastern extents of the Vale of York form a similar plain to the Trent Valley, lying to the west of the Yorkshire Wolds. It is more heavily covered by geological drift and the underlying rock formations play no part in the surface topography.

1.15 The Lincolnshire Wolds and Yorkshire Wolds which continue the upland chain north of the Humber are a belt of dissected chalk uplands which are up to nine miles wide. In the central area the chalk escarpment is serrated by a number of streams, while to the south it is lower and more regular. North of the Humber the Yorkshire Wolds form an arc that ends in the sea cliffs at Flamborough Head. The Yorkshire Wolds slope steeply to the Vale of Pickering, but much more gently to the Vale of York. The southern and eastern flanks of the Wolds gently decline to the Holderness Plain. South of the Humber, the Lincolnshire Wolds slope gently eastwards towards to Humber Estuary and the Lincolnshire Coast. To the west, they overlook the Ancholme Valley.

1.16 Adjacent to the Yorkshire Wolds, the Holderness Plain is undulating but becomes less so further to the south east near Spurn Head. The eastern edge of the plain terminates in generally low sea cliffs. The cliffs are retreating from the sea at relatively swift rates, whilst Spurn Head continues to be at risk of being broken through by the sea.

Environmental Constraints & Opportunities 1.17 The single most important consideration for Minerals Planning is the fact that minerals can only ever be worked where they are found. Unlike other forms of spatial planning and development management, where development can technically occur almost anywhere, minerals planning needs to be focussed squarely on those areas where mineral deposits can be found in quantities where it is economically feasible to extract them. Despite this, potential locations or areas of search for minerals development may be further constrained by environmental designations and constraints that might be present within a minerals planning area. The section provides a brief overview of the environmental constraints affecting the Humber area.

1.18 The Government’s 2012 Guidance on the Managed Aggregate Supply System, states that LAAs should include an analysis of environmental constraints and opportunities. The key environmental constraints are recognised to be the many areas identified which are recognised of importance on either an international or national basis. By category these designations are:

Biodiversity and Geodiversity  Special Protection Areas (SPAs) and Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) designated in accordance with the European Wild Birds and Habitats Directive – Humber Estuary SPA & SAC, Lower Derwent Valley SPA & SAC, River Derwent SAC, Flamborough Head & Bempton Cliffs SPA, Flamborough Head SAC, Hornsea Mere SPA, Thorne & Hatfield Moors SPA, Thorne Moors SAC  Ramsar sites (wetlands of international importance identified in accordance with the Ramsar Convention) – Humber Estuary, Lower Derwent Valley  Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) - 72 sites in total  National Nature Reserves (NNRs) – Humberhead Peatlands, Lower Derwent Valley, Spurn & Far Ings

Cultural Heritage  Scheduled Monuments – 408 in total

Landscape  Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty – Lincolnshire Wolds

Coastline  Heritage Coast – Flamborough Head, Spurn

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1.19 In addition to these international and national environmental constraints it should be noted that the winning and working of minerals may be constrained by other environmental designations and factors relating to biodiversity and geodiversity ( the incidence of protected species, local (nature conservation) sites), cultural heritage (listed buildings, conservation areas, areas of archaeological importance, landscape character) and the protection of other resources such as agricultural land, groundwater, or flood risk, and local and rural amenity including impacts upon residents of settlements and recreational areas from factors such as noise, dust, blasting and vibration, traffic and visual impact.

1.20 In planning to ensure a steady and adequate supply of aggregates the Humber area authorities will need to pay due regard to the environmental constraints and designations within their individual areas, which may following further detailed examination limit the scope for further mineral working in the future. For example the rural areas of the Humber area contain areas that are overlain by both the key environmental constraints and other environmental designations identified above. Similarly, both the urban and rural parts of the Humber area contain numerous settlements and heavily built up and populated areas, which will in the future provide a focus for increased housing and employment development. This could place further constraints on potential extraction in close proximity to settlements and urban fringes.

1.21 In terms of environmental benefits it is has long been recognised that mineral working while often a long term use, is nevertheless a temporary use, which can provide positive benefits to the local environment through well conceived restoration and after-use strategies. In particular the restoration of mineral sites can assist in providing opportunities for:

 The enhancement and creation of features of nature conservation importance and geodiversity;  Improving landscape character;  The creation of community woodlands or forests;  The provision of recreation facilities, public open space and new public rights of way;  The mitigation of flood risk through the creation of new flood storage capacity; and  The remediation of contaminated land or pollution or the improvement of areas previously worked.

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2. GEOLOGY & AGGREGATE RESOURCES

2.1 The Humber area contains significant deposits of a wide range of minerals, of which the most important are sand and gravel, chalk, brick clay, silica sand, limestone and peat. There are also potential resources of oil, gas, ironstone and coal. As these mineral deposits are a result of the area’s geology, it is important to provide a clear overview of it.

Bedrock Geology 2.2 Bedrock geology (see Figure 3) is a main mass of rock that makes up the Earth and is present everywhere, whether exposed in outcrops at the surface or concealed under drift deposits or water. It is this underlying geology that has shaped the Humber area’s landscape and has had a significant influence in how it has developed.

2.3 In the Humber area, exposures of the solid geology occur in the upland areas of the Yorkshire Wolds and Lincolnshire Wolds and the Lincoln Edge Cliff around the Scunthorpe area; elsewhere extensive drift deposits predominate. Chalk of the Upper Cretaceous period underlies a significant part of the area. The chalk forms the northern extent of deposits that can be found in an arc running from the North Downs, South Downs and Chiltern Hills of southern England through East Anglia, Lincolnshire and the East Riding of Yorkshire, terminating at Flamborough Head. Within the area workable chalk deposits are found in the Yorkshire Wolds & Lincolnshire Wolds.

2.4 West of the Yorkshire Wolds and the Lincoln Edge, lie two major areas underlain by much older rocks formed during the Triassic period. In the Trent Valley layers of Quaternary deposits are underlain by a band of Mercia Mudstone runs north to south between Stamford Bridge and Youlthorpe in the north, extending south into North Lincolnshire, Lincolnshire and Nottinghamshire. Prominent features in this area include the Isle of Axholme. The other Triassic formation comprises of Sherwood Sandstone. This is found in the remainder of the area west of the Mercia Mudstone, and forms part of a larger deposit running parallel to, and east of, the Pennines.

2.5 Between the Triassic and Cretaceous formations lay a number of much narrower deposits formed during the Jurassic period. Together, these deposits form a significant band running northwards through North Lincolnshire into East Riding. As they extend north the bands narrow, with the majority terminating in the vicinity of Market Weighton leaving only Lower Lias to continue in a north westerly direction following the western boundary of the Yorkshire Wolds. The other formations located within this band are, west to east, Middle Lias, Upper Lias, a significant band of Inferior Oolitic limestone lying east of Scunthorpe, Great Oolitic limestone and thin wedges of clay formations from the Middle and Upper Jurassic periods. To the north and east of Scunthorpe are outcrops of the Frodingham Ironstone.

2.6 The Trent Valley mainly comprises a layer of Quaternary deposits underlain by the Mercia Mudstone described previously. Similarly the Lincoln Clay Vale (the Ancholme Valley) has a heavy covering of Quaternary deposits but is itself a product of the erosion of the soft Upper Jurassic Clays.

2.7 The solid geology of the area also includes hydro-carbon deposits, comprising coal, oil and gas. Coal can be found under the western half of the area as extensions of the West and South Yorkshire coalfields. A number of oil and gas wells have been sunk in the Humber area over the last sixty years, with varying degrees of success. Applications for exploratory wells continue to be received and considered in line with planning policy.

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Figure 3: Bedrock Geology of the Humber Area

Superficial Geology 2.8 Much of the solid geology of the Humber area is overlain by superficial or drift deposits (see Figure 4) which in some cases reach a depth of 30 metres. These consist mainly of alluvium, peat, blown sands and boulder clay. The main areas of drift are the alluvial and glacial deposits of the Vale of York, and the Holderness Plain which comprise extensive boulder clay and sand and gravel deposits. Alluvium is also found in a band to the north and south east of Hull as well as in the Trent Valley and along the southern bank of the Humber Estuary between Grimsby and Barton upon Humber.

2.9 Several parts of the Humber area are covered by sand and/or gravel deposits. These include blown sand, as at Messingham and Manton, river terrace sand and gravel, and glacial sands and gravels such as those found near Brandesburton and Keyingham. Not all of the deposits within the area are economically workable.

2.10 Peat is found in large deposits on the western and south western edges of the Humber area to the west of the Trent Valley and south of the River Ouse. The main deposits can be found on Goole Moors, Crowle Moors and the Isle of Axholme. In all cases these extensive deposits cross the boundaries of East Riding of Yorkshire and North Lincolnshire into the Doncaster Metropolitan Borough Council area taking in Thorne Moors and Hatfield Moors. Smaller deposits are found in the East Riding to the north of Newport/Gilberdyke in the Hotham Carrs area.

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Figure 4: Superficial Geology of the Humber Area

2.11 An important aspect of mineral planning, which is different to other types of land use planning is that mineral resources can only be worked where they are found. This can lead to conflicts with other land uses. The presence of particular mineral resources sometimes coincides with areas of attractive or environmentally important landscapes such as in the chalk uplands of the Yorkshire Wolds and Lincolnshire Wolds or the peat deposits of the Crowle Moors. This presents specific challenges in trying to achieve a balance between protecting the environment and meeting the need for minerals. It is also important to ensure that minerals are worked in a planned fashion over time to make optimum use of these finite resources.

Aggregate Resources

Sand and Gravel 2.12 Historically, sand and gravel has been the most important aggregate resource found in the Humber area. It is used principally as a source of aggregate for a variety of building purposes including asphalt, concrete and mortar. Sand and gravel deposits in the Humber area are shown in Figure 4 below. They principally occur in the lower lying ground to east and west of the Yorkshire Wolds and Lincolnshire Wolds. The area to the east of the Wolds contains mainly glaciofluvial deposits. The deposits are fairly dispersed, with the most extensive deposits being in the Catwick - Brandesburton area, and stretching south from Bridlington. West of the Yorkshire Wolds there is a larger deposit of glaciofluvial sand and gravel at Pocklington, with smaller patches further south. South of the Humber, there are significant deposits in the Habrough and Laceby areas, with smaller areas found in North Lincolnshire around Winterton/Winteringham, Wrawby, Barnetby and Cadney.

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2.13 In addition, a large part of the area west of the Yorkshire Wolds contains glaciolacustrine deposits of sand and gravel, although they become more patchy and dispersed further west. The main area of deposits occurs in the Pocklington area, running down to the Humber Estuary at North Ferriby and across into the Ancholme Valley. Blown sand deposits (silica sand) tend to be found along the lower slopes of major west facing escarpments. In particular, they can be found around the Scunthorpe and Messingham areas as well as the Isle of Axholme. Other deposits are found between Market Weighton and South Cave as well as around Elsham. River Terrace and sub-alluvial deposits are found along the valleys of the Rivers Trent, Ouse, Derwent, Ancholme, Hull and Eau as well as along the Humber Estuary.

2.14 All deposits are of variable quality, but the sand and gravel layers are relatively shallow, so prior extraction is feasible to a greater or lesser extent. This is particularly so as the extraction process for sand and gravel does not involve blasting, and if required, processing can be carried out away from the extraction site. Most sand and gravel deposits are located away from the larger strategic settlements where future development pressures will be greatest, but there are exceptions at Catwick, Brandesburton and Pocklington in East Riding.

2.15 In 2012 there were six sites extracting sand and gravel. The most important areas for working are near Gransmoor, North Cave and Brandesburton in East Riding. In North Lincolnshire, the main operations take place near Haxey as well as in the Winteringham and Barnetby areas whilst major silica sand working takes place in the Messingham/Manton area. Sand and gravel deposits for aggregate use are distributed sporadically across North Lincolnshire but there are only a few areas where its exploitation is economically viable. Workings are found in the Trent Valley and on the southern edge of the Humber.

Chalk & Limestone 2.16 Crushed rock in the Humber area is derived from chalk and limestone. Generally the quality of the chalk deposits for aggregate use is poor. Small quantities are sold for low grade aggregate applications such as fill and sub base roadstone. Most chalk extracted in the plan area is used for industrial purposes. Chalk occurs very extensively in the area being the underlying mineral for the whole of the Yorkshire and Lincolnshire Wolds. The area also contains Lincolnshire Limestone dating from the Middle Jurassic Period. This bed outcrops in a narrow band along the south west edge of the Yorkshire Wolds between the Humber River and Newbald, as well as in the Scunthorpe area. This deposit has been historically worked for aggregate limestone, again mainly for lower grade applications, but nevertheless interest has been expressed by operators in this deposit as a potential source of crushed rock in the future. North Lincolnshire has one site at Kirton in Lindsey that is being worked for limestone, its primary use being for bulk constructional fill, and another site near Hibaldstow.

Ironstone 2.17 Most of the ironstone used in the steel industry is currently imported but significant deposits of ironstone exist around Scunthorpe. There is no indication that it will be worked in the short term; however, the mineral remains a significant resource and may be required in the future.

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3. ASSESSMENT OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND

3.1 In planning ahead for future aggregates provision, it is essential that there is a good understanding of existing levels of supply and demand. This section of the document will provide an overview of existing aggregate sales, extraction operations and reserves alongside details of existing apportionments. The information is based on the annual survey of mineral operators, planning applications and RAWP reports as well as national guidelines.

Sand & Gravel 3.2 Sales of sand and gravel in the Humber area for the ten year period between 2004 and 2013 are shown in Table 1.

Table 1: Sand & Gravel Sales in the Humber area 2004 to 2013 (million tonnes) 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Av 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.97 Source: Yorkshire & Humber Region Aggregates Working Party - Annual Reports and Annual Aggregate Monitoring Survey

3.3 Sand and gravel sales have been broadly consistent over the last ten years, averaging just below 1 million tonnes per annum. Production peaked at 1.3 million tonnes in 2007. Since this point sales have decreased. Figure 5 provides a comparison of the Humber area’s sales figures over the period 2004 to 2013 against the area’s former apportionment during this period. It is clear that sales have consistently exceeded the annual apportionment identified for the area. However, it dropped below this level for 2010, which is a reflection of the prevailing economic circumstances but has since picked up again. The sand and gravel apportionment as set out in the former Yorkshire & Humber Plan (May 2008) was 0.78 million tonnes per annum.

Figure 5: Comparison of Sand & Gravel Sales in the Humber Area 2004 to 2013 and Annual Apportionment

1.4

1.2

1

0.8

0.6

Sales (Million Tonnes) (Million Sales 0.4

0.2

0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Sand & Gravel Sales (2004 to 2013) Apportionment (2001 to 2016)

Source: Yorkshire & Humber Region Aggregates Working Party - Annual Reports and Annual Aggregate Monitoring Survey

Current Supply 3.4 In 2013, the Humber area had ten active operations producing sand and gravel. These are shown in both the table and the map below.

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Table 2: Permitted Sand & Gravel Extraction Sites in the Humber Area Quarry Operator Status Turtle Hill Clifford Watts Active

Brandesburton Sandsfield Gravel Active

North Cave Humberside Aggregates Active

Park Farm, Burton Agnes Clifford Watts Active

Little Catwick Yarrows Aggregates Active Cove Farm, Haxey Sibelco UK (silica sand/sand) Active Kettleby Parks Breedon Aggregates Active Messingham Sibelco UK (silica sand) Active Eastfield Farm, Winteringham A & F Dowson (silica sand and gravel) Active South Farm, Manton A & M Borrill (silica sand) Inactive

Figure 6: Permitted/Operational Sand and Gravel Sites in the Humber Area

Landbanks 3.5 Government policy set out in the National Planning Policy Framework (2012) and the National Planning Policy Guidance (2014) requires landbanks to be maintained for all aggregate minerals, with the recommended landbank period for sand and gravel required to be at least 7 years. Landbanks are a stock of reserves with planning permission. The estimated permitted reserves of sand and gravel in the Humber area as of 31st December 2013, amounted to around 7.22 million tonnes. This figure is based on reserve information retrieved from the 2013 Aggregate Minerals Survey returns. This excludes silica sand reserves.

3.6 Under the NPPF, silica sand is considered to be an industrial mineral and subject to the provision of a separate 10 year landbanks therefore it has been agreed not to include silica sand reserves within the overall sand and gravel landbank for the Humber area. Without these reserves the land bank is 7.22 million tonnes, the majority of which are found in the East Riding area. However this is sufficient to provide a 7.5 year landbank which is just over the requirement for a 7 year landbank (see the calculation in Table 3, below).

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Table 3: Landbanks for Sand & Gravel in the Humber Area (2013) 2013 aggregate sales (Mt) 0.8* Reserves as at 31.12.2013 (Mt) 7.22 Average annual sales 2004 – 2013 (Mt) 0.97 Former apportionment (Mt) (RSS) 0.78 Landbank based on former RSS apportionment (years) 9.2 Landbank based on 10 year average sales (years) 7.5 *excludes silica sand sales

3.7 There is currently a planning application to extend the Kettleby Parks site in the planning system. If approved, this would release around 780,000 tonnes of sand and gravel over an eight to ten year period, based on an extraction rate of 70,000 tonnes to 100,000 tonnes per year. This would assist greatly in maintaining the sand and gravel landbank locally.

Sand and Gravel Consumption 3.8 The most recent information regarding sand and gravel consumption in the Humber area is set out in the 2009 Aggregate Minerals Survey, published by the British Geological Survey and the Department for Communities & Local Government. The survey showed that the Humber area consumed 743,000 tonnes of sand and gravel (549,000 tonnes of land-won sand and gravel, 194,000 tonnes of marine dredged sand and gravel).

Sand and Gravel Imports and Exports 3.9 The 2009 Aggregate Minerals Survey (AMS) undertaken by the Department for Communities & Local Government (DCLG) and the British Geological Survey (BGS) included information and analysis of the movements (imports and exports) of aggregates for each Mineral Planning Authority in England and Wales. It showed that movements of sand and gravel into and out of the Humber area are not self- balancing (Table 4). The area is a net exporter of sand and gravel overall, exporting around twice as much sand and gravel than is imported.

3.10 In 2009, the Humber area produced 764,000 tonnes of sand and gravel (including marine dredged). 35% (264,000 tonnes) was sold within the area, whilst 52% (401,000 tonnes) was exported to other parts of the Yorkshire and Humber region. The remaining 13% (99,000 tonnes) was exported to unknown destinations. This is a change from the 2005 Aggregate Minerals Survey which showed that 44% of sand and gravel (477,000 tonnes) was sold within the Humber area, whilst 50% (538,000 tonnes) was exported to other parts of Yorkshire & Humber and 6% (69,000 tonnes) exported elsewhere in the country. The 2009 AMS also showed that the Humber area imported 287,000 tonnes of sand and gravel, however, the origins of which were not made clear. Again, this was a major change from the 2005 AMS, which showed that the Humber area imported 908,000 tonnes of sand and gravel.

3.11 The 2013 annual survey showed that some of the sand extracted in North Lincolnshire was used within the area, whilst there were some exports to rest of Yorkshire & Humber and Lincolnshire. For the East Riding, some was used in the Humber area, with exports to other areas of the Yorkshire and Humber region as well as a small quantity to Scotland.

Table 4: Humber Sand & Gravel Imports and Exports 2005 & 2009 Import amount Export amount Region Origin Balance (tonnes) (tonnes) (tonnes)

2005 2009 2005 2009 2005 2009

Yorkshire & Humber Area 0 0 538,000 401,000 -538,000 -401,000 Humber

Elsewhere Humber Area 0 0 69,000 99,000 -69,000 -99,000

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Humber Unknown 908,000 287,000 0 0 +907,000 +287,000

Total 908,000 287,000 607,000 500,000 +300,000, -213,000 Source: Collation of the Results of the 2005 & 2009 Aggregate Minerals Surveys for England and Wales (DCLG, BGS & Welsh Assembly Government, May 2011). Note: In balance column, a “-“ prefix indicates a net export, and a “+” prefix indicates a net import

Crushed Rock

Sales 3.12 Total sales of crushed rock for the ten year period between 2004 and 2013 are shown in Table 5. These figures are based on survey returns, and exclude around 2 million tonnes of sales of industrial, non- aggregate minerals extracted from five sites across the East Riding and North Lincolnshire.

Table 5: Crushed Rock Sales in the Humber area 2004 to 2013 (million tonnes) 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Av 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.26 Source: Yorkshire & Humber Region Aggregates Working Party - Annual Reports and Annual Aggregate Monitoring Survey

3.13 These sales figure show that production has averaged 0.26 million tonnes of crushed rock per year over the 10 year period from 2004 to 2013. Since 2004, sales have been fairly consistent, with minor variations. This pattern mirrors that of the whole Yorkshire and Humber region, where production between 2004 and 2008 averaged around 12 million tonnes per year. Regionally, sales in 2009 fell significantly to only 7.7mt. The fall was most evident in North Yorkshire and South Yorkshire. This slump in sales does not appear to have affected the Humber area to the same extent.

3.14 Figure 7 provides a comparison of the Humber area’s total crushed rock sales over the period 2004 to 2013 against its former apportionment during this period. The crushed rock apportionment as set out in the former Yorkshire & Humber Plan (May 2008) was 0.49 million tonnes per annum. The figure shows that crushed rock sales have been consistently been below the apportionment amount.

Figure 7: Comparison of Crushed Rock Sales in the Humber area 2004 to 2013 and Annual Apportionment

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3 Sales (Million Tonnes) (Million Sales 0.2

0.1

0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Crushed Rock Sales (2004 to 2013) Apportionment (2001 to 2016)

Source: Yorkshire & Humber Region Aggregates Working Party - Annual Reports (2004 to 2013) and Annual Aggregate Monitoring Survey

3.15 Around 1.2 million tonnes of crushed rock was produced or sold from sites within North Lincolnshire in

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2013, the majority of which was chalk. Just under 1.1 million tonnes was used for non-aggregate uses, particularly within industrial processes. This has been discounted from the sales figures. The remaining 0.1 million tonnes was used for aggregate purposes. In East Riding, around 0.31million tonnes of chalk were extracted in 2013. The majority, 0.13 million tonnes was used for aggregate purposes with 0.17 million tonnes being used for non-aggregate purposes including agricultural.

3.16 It should be noted that the figures do not include any aggregate sold from a ‘windfall’ site – i.e. where the removal of aggregates was necessary to permit other development. In 2012 a significant amount of chalk is known to have been produced in this way in the Humber region which was not included in the Aggregate Minerals Survey and may have artificially increased supply.

Current supply 3.17 In the Humber area there are currently thirteen crushed rock sites with planning permission. The details of these are presented in Table 6. Figure 8 shows the location of these sites within the area.

Table 6: Permitted Crushed Rock Quarries in the Humber Area Quarry Operator Aggregate Status

Greenwick Fenstone Chalk Active Partridge Hall Creaser Robinson Chalk Active Riplingham Stoneledge Chalk Active Swinescaife Clifford Watts Chalk Active Lowthorpe Stabler Chalk Active Middleton Ashcourt Chalk Active Melton* Omya Chalk Active Lund* Minelco Chalk Active Queensgate* Imerys Chalk Active South Ferriby* Cemex Chalk Active Melton Ross** Singleton Birch Chalk Active Slate House Farm Welton Aggregates Limestone Active Kirton Lindsey Welton Aggregates Limestone Active *Industrial chalk quarries; **Primarily industrial chalk quarry, with some aggregate sales

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18 HUMBER AREA LOCAL AGGREGATE ASSESSMENT

Figure 8: Permitted Crushed Rock Extraction Sites in the Humber Area

Landbanks 3.18 As described in paragraph 3.6, Government policy set out in the National Planning Policy Framework requires landbanks to be maintained for all aggregate minerals, with the recommended landbank period for crushed rock required to be at least 10 years. Estimated crushed rock reserves in the Humber area as of 31st December 2013 are around 93 million tonnes. This figure is based on reserve information retrieved from the 2013 Aggregate Minerals Survey returns. However, this includes substantial reserves located adjacent to major industrial operations. As such these reserves are not genuinely part of the overall supply and have been discounted. This reduces crushed rock reserves to around 7.11 million tonnes. Based on 10 year average sales this would leave a landbank of 27.35 years as shown in the calculations in Table 7.

Table 7: Landbanks for Crushed Rock in the Humber Area 2013 2013 aggregate sales (Mt) 0.2 Reserves as at 31/12/2013 (Mt) 7.11

Average annual sales 2004 – 2013 (Mt) 0.26 Former RSS apportionment (Mt) 0.49 Landbank based on former RSS apportionment (years) 14.5 Landbank based on 10 year average sales (years) 27.35

Consumption 3.19 Details regarding the consumption of crushed rock in the Humber area were set out in 2009 Aggregate Minerals Survey. It shows that 789,000 tonnes of crushed rock was consumed in the area. This is almost 100,000 tonnes more than total production and imports.

Imports and Exports 3.20 The 2009 Aggregate Minerals Survey showed that movements of crushed rock in and out of the Humber area are not self-balancing (Table 8). The Humber area is a net importer of crushed rock overall, importing 592,000 tonnes. This was the same in 2005, when the area imported 594,000 tonnes. In relation to exports, none were shown to have taken place in 2009, with all the crushed rock extracted in APRIL 2014

HUMBER AREA LOCAL AGGREGATE ASSESSMENT 19

the Humber area being utilised within it. However, the 2011 annual survey showed that crushed rock was being exported from extraction sites in North Lincolnshire to neighbouring areas including North East Lincolnshire, Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire and South Yorkshire. Information about tonnages was not available. Similarly for East Riding of Yorkshire, the 2011 annual survey showed chalk being exported to other parts of the Yorkshire and Humber region as well as the East of England and Tyne and Wear.

3.21 The 2005 Aggregate Minerals Survey, however, showed that 32% (106,000 tonnes) of the crushed rock extracted in the East Riding was exported to other parts of the Yorkshire and Humber region. None was exported from North Lincolnshire.

Table 8: Humber Area Crushed Rock Imports and Exports 2009 Import amount Export amount Balance Region Origin (tonnes) (tonnes) (tonnes)

Humber Unknown 592,000 0 +592,000 Total 592,000 0 +592,000 Source: Collation of the Results of the 2009 Aggregate Minerals Survey for England and Wales (DCLG, BGS & Welsh Assembly Government, May 2011). Note: In balance column, a “-“ prefix indicates a net export, and a “+” prefix indicates a net import

Secondary and Recycled Aggregates 3.22 Secondary and recycled aggregates are becoming an increasingly important part of the nation’s aggregates supply. Recycled aggregates including concrete, stone and brick, are sourced from reprocessed materials that have previously been used in construction, demolition and excavation (CD&E) work. Other recycled aggregates can arise from asphalt planings from resurfaced roads or railway track ballast. After processing they have been mainly used as fill in the construction industry. Secondary aggregates are usually by-products of other industrial processes that have not been used in construction. They include both natural and manufactured materials such as china clay, slate, flue ash and slag. In general the level of supply for secondary or recycled aggregates is dependent on the process or material of which they are a by-product.

3.23 As a result of aiming to recycle inert demolition wastes in a controlled manner, the quantities of recycled aggregates produced and used in a wide range of construction applications within the UK has progressively increased over the last 30 years. These uses include the manufacture of concrete, concrete products, use in pavement construction and in both private and public funded industrial and housing projects. In 1980 the Mineral Products Association estimated the use of recycled aggregates at 20 million tonnes per year, peaking in 2007 at 71 million tonnes per year reducing to just over 50 million tonnes per year in 2009. However recycled aggregate still accounts for 26% of the total aggregates used in the UK4

3.24 In the Humber area there are a number of sites with planning permission for the recycling of inert construction, demolition & excavation waste to produce secondary aggregates. North Lincolnshire has 8 sites with planning permission for recycling/reclamation of inert waste, whilst East Riding has 9, Kingston upon Hull 3, and North East Lincolnshire 2.

3.25 The data available on secondary and recycled aggregate is variable and not considered completely reliable, particularly at the sub-regional level. The most recent national studies on secondary and recycled aggregates were undertaken in 2005 and published in 2007. These studies were entitled “Survey of Arisings and Use of Alternatives to Primary Aggregates in England, 2005; Construction, Demolition and Excavation Waste” and “Survey of Arisings and Use of Alternatives to Primary Aggregates in England, 2005; Other Materials”.

3.26 The first of these studies estimated that East Riding, North Lincolnshire and North East Lincolnshire produced over 1.7 million tonnes of construction, demolition and excavation waste. It was estimated

4 http://www.mineralproducts.org/documents/Information_Sheet_Recycled_Aggregates_WRAP_QP.pdf APRIL 2014

20 HUMBER AREA LOCAL AGGREGATE ASSESSMENT

that 774,327 tonnes of recycled graded and ungraded aggregate was produced in the area. This represented around 45% of all construction, demolition and excavation waste arisings.

Table 9: Sub-Regional Estimates of CDEW Recycled by Crushers and/or Screens, Used/Disposed of at Landfills, and Spread on Paragraph 9a(1) And 19a(2) Registered Exempt Sites In 2005 (Tonnes)

East Riding, North Lincolnshire & North East Lincolnshire Adjusted estimate of population of recycling crushers 18 Estimated production of recycled graded aggregate 407,072 (tonnes) Estimated production of recycled ungraded aggregate 367,255 (tonnes) Estimated production of recycled soil (excl topsoil) 71,243 (tonnes) Estimated tonnage of unprocessed CDEW entering licensed landfills, and its use/fate Engineering Capping Waste Total Clean hard C&D Waste 18,379 3 15,171 33,552 Contaminated hard C&D waste 180 0 1,681 1,861 Clean excavation waste 60,416 132,083 360,410 552,908 Contaminated excavation 1,915 0 24,950 26,864 waste Clean “mixed” CDEW 8,143 400 87,315 95,858 Contaminated “mixed” CDEW 29 0 10,031 10,060 Other 7,302 278 28,863 36,443 Total 96,363 132,763 528,420 757,547 Estimated weight of waste materials (mainly excavation waste) used on 151,618 Paragraph 9A(1) and 19A(2) registered exempt sites (tonnes) Total estimated arisings of CDEW in 2005 (tonnes) 1,735,735 Source: Survey of Arisings and Use of Alternatives to Primary Aggregates in England, 2005; Construction, Demolition and Excavation Waste (DCLG, 2007)

3.27 The second study set out the amount of secondary or recycled aggregates generated from various industrial processes. In Yorkshire and Humber, the following tonnages were produced. It is likely that this will continue to increase, especially given the sustainability of recycled aggregates and the rising cost of landfill. It is intended that more data on this will be included in the next Local Aggregates Assessment.

Table 10: Arisings and Use Of Alternatives To Primary Aggregates In 2005 (million tonnes) Aggregate Potentially Total Arisings Other Use Use Available Pulverised Fuel Ash (pfa) 1.68 0.29 0.61 0.77 Furnace Bottom Ash (fba) 0.33 0.29 0.00 0.00 Blast Furnace Slag (Iron) 1.00 0.25 0.75 0.00 Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag 0.25 0.13 0.00 0.12 (Steel) Electric Arc Furnace Slag (Steel) 0.22 0.22 0.00 0.00 Colliery Spoil 1.97 0.41 0.00 1.56 Source: Survey of Arisings and Use of Alternatives to Primary Aggregates in England, 2005; Other Materials (DCLG, 2007)

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3.28 Of particular interest to North Lincolnshire is the blast furnace slag and basic oxygen furnace slag which are by-products of the iron and steel industries. The 2005 survey highlighted that Scunthorpe was the sole source of both of these by-products, producing 1 million tonnes and 0.25 million tonnes of each respectively. It should be noted that only part of the total arising was used for aggregate purposes.

3.29 As part of its annual monitoring work, the Yorkshire & Humber Aggregates Working Party surveyed known producers of secondary and recycled aggregates in the region. The aim of this exercise was to gain an understanding of the level of secondary and recycled aggregates produced, and how this related to overall supply. In the Humber area, the survey showed that a total of over 223,000 tonnes was produced in 2013, as can be seen in the table below. This is certainly affected by both the recession, but also an unwillingness of some operators to provide data so that the actual figure is certain to be higher. As the Mineral Planning Authorities continue to work with operators, it is hoped that more reliable data will be available for the next LAA.

Table 11: Secondary & Recycled Aggregate Production in the Humber Area (2013) Authority Tonnage East Riding 114,850 Hull 1,000 North East Lincolnshire 57,400 North Lincolnshire 50,383 Total 223,633

Marine Aggregates 3.30 The use of marine aggregates for construction is a long standing practice in the United Kingdom and an important part of the aggregates supply chain. Marine aggregates, in the form of sand and gravel are dredged in a number of places around the UK coastline including off the Humber Estuary, and the north eastern and eastern coasts of England. Nationally, around 9.4 million tonnes of marine dredged primary aggregates were landed at English ports and wharves5.

3.31 The sand and gravel extracted from the seabed can be used for construction, reclamation fill or beach nourishment projects. In the construction industry its use can range from concrete making to road sub- base and fill, whilst for reclamation fill sediment is used to infill areas in ports and harbours. It can also be used to reclaim land from the sea before engineering works take place. For beach nourishment sediment is placed on beaches for coastal protection or amenity and economic enhancement

3.32 Marine aggregate extraction is governed by the U.K. Marine Policy Statement (MPS) (March 2011) and the adopted East Inshore and Offshore Marine Plans (April 2014). The MPS provides the framework for preparing Marine Plans and taking decisions affecting the marine environment. It contributes to the achievement of sustainable development in the United Kingdom marine area. The Marine Plans aim to manage and balance the many activities, resources and assets in the marine environment.

3.33 The resources located off the Humber Estuary are thought to be extensive. Crown Estate information produced in May 2012 shows that there are 10 licensed dredging areas in the North Sea off the Humber, with applications pending for a further 10. The sand and gravel resources found in this area range from fine sands to coarse gravels. Around 5 million tonnes per year can be extracted under existing licenses. However, it is estimated that only 76% of this overall tonnage has been extracted, which means that there is potential to extract a further 1.2 million tonnes per year.

3.34 During 2012, 1.45 million tonnes of construction aggregate was dredged off the Humber from a total permitted licensed tonnage of 4.8 million tonnes. In addition 0.86 million tonnes was dredged for beach nourishment purposes. Of this construction aggregate, 54% is delivered to mainland Europe, with 30.6% being delivered to ports/wharves in the Humber area and the rest being delivered to the Thames

5 Marine Aggregates – Summary of Statistics 2012, The Crown Estate APRIL 2014

22 HUMBER AREA LOCAL AGGREGATE ASSESSMENT

Estuary, East Coast and eastern English Channel6. At present they are landed on the Humber, Tees and Tyne Estuaries as well as at Blyth (Northumberland).

3.35 Between 2004 and 2008 between 0.2 and 0.3 million tonnes per annum were landed to supply the Humber area and the wider region beyond. In 2009, this dropped to 0.1 million tonnes7. The national guidelines for aggregate provision in the Yorkshire and Humber region for the period 2005 to 2020 assume that 5 million tonnes of the total aggregate supply will come from Marine Aggregates. The former regional apportionment did not provide a figure for predicted landings on a mineral planning authority specific basis.

3.36 The Crown Estate noted that in 2012, a total of 90,184 tonnes of marine dredged primary aggregates were landed at the River Humber wharves8. The majority of landings take place at the Humber Sand and Gravel facility is landed at Alexandra Dock in Hull. Stema Shipping brings imports of crushed rock aggregates from their coastal quarries in Norway, and sand from Denmark to Queen Elizabeth Dock. It is proposed to move sand and gravel landing to King George Dock (which can also take bigger vessels) and is large enough to land 2 million tonnes per year, so that Siemens can take over the use of Alexandra Dock. The proposed new location has the advantage of being connected to the rail network, which has the potential of improved distribution to the wider region.

3.37 There are other opportunities for landing marine dredged aggregates within the Humber area. ABP also owns the port of Goole, plus there are wharves on the River Trent near Scunthorpe which can be accessed by similar sized vessels to Goole. The River Trent wharves and New Holland Pier are equipped to handle mineral imports. However, it is not possible to ascertain the amount of minerals landed at these locations. It is likely that they only handle these minerals on an “as and when” basis. Anecdotal evidence suggests that no landings of marine dredged sand and gravel have taken place in North Lincolnshire.

3.38 The ports of Grimsby and Immingham currently do not handle marine dredged aggregates on a regular basis, other than project related short term campaigns, however the capacity is available should there be a future requirement.

3.39 Existing planning policy in the Humber area broadly supports the envisaged increase in marine won aggregates, however it does not identify or safeguard present or future sites for the handling of marine aggregate. Safeguarding of the capacity for handling imported and marine aggregates at existing wharves is part of government policy in the NPPF. This will need to be given due consideration as part of emerging planning policy in the Humber area.

3.40 Marine aggregates are increasingly been seen as an important part of the overall aggregates supply and as an alternative to primary land-won aggregates. With this in mind, the Yorkshire & Humber Aggregates Working Party commissioned a Marine Aggregates Study to assess the potential deliverability of a substantially greater supply of marine aggregate into the Yorkshire and Humber region, in substitution for an element of supply currently provided by land-won resources.

3.41 This need arises as a result of:

 the increasing potential for shortfalls in the medium/long term availability of indigenous concreting sand and gravel in the region;

 the need for more evidence on the scope of any potential for increased supply of marine aggregate, as a possible alternative source,

 the need to help inform statutory planning processes, safeguard wharves and investment in infrastructure.

6 The Area Involved – 15th Annual Report: Marine Aggregate Extraction 2012, The Crown Estate & Mineral Product Association 7 Yorkshire & Humber Region Aggregates Working Party, Annual Report 2009 & Aggregates Monitoring 2009

8 Marine Aggregates – Summary of Statistics 2012, The Crown Estate APRIL 2014

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3.42 The final study report was issued in January 2014. It found there was a very large marine aggregate resource of the required quality, and sufficient fleet capacity to land it. No fundamental barriers to the granting of additional licensed capacity were identified. Many wharves are available in the Humber area with the potential to land marine aggregates, but limitations apply restricting the size of dredger that could berth, and the amount of land immediately available lying adjacent to the berths to develop the necessary infrastructure required to facilitate processing and/or onward transport at the scale proposed by the study.

3.43 Only a limited amount of infrastructure utilised for or with the potential to be utilised for the transport of marine aggregates is safeguarded. Stakeholders considered the move towards a greater utilisation of marine aggregates will most likely take place beyond 5 years and thereafter increase with time. Economically, operators did not think the marine option was viable at this point of time but the viability gap against land won aggregate was narrowing. The study noted that the Humber Bridge toll creates separate aggregate markets north and south of the Humber, due to the cost of a lorry making a round trip across the bridge. For example it is not cost effective to take marine material across the bridge (or around) but this would be circumvented if there was somewhere to land marine material on the south side.

3.44 The appointed consultants have made recommendations for further work that include MPAs reviewing Local Plans to consider the requirements of the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) for safeguarding aggregate infrastructure and a formal regional local authority group to collaborate on cross boundary aggregate issues (which may fall within the scope of reference for the Aggregates Working Party).

Minerals Infrastructure 3.45 In order to ensure the effective supply of aggregates, a good network of supporting infrastructure needs to be in place. This includes ready mix concrete and coating plants as well as wharves and railheads. The National Planning Policy Framework requires mineral planning authorities as part of their Local Plans to safeguard these facilities, where they exist or are planned. It also allows for the safeguarding of sites with potential to accommodate them9.

3.46 In the Humber area, there are a number of facilities which support the supply of aggregates. The area is home to a number of concrete plants that sell a range of products into the local market. Some also sell aggregates. The major players in the area are Cemex (Driffield, Goole, Scunthorpe, Hull, South Ferriby and Immingham), WC Watts (Driffield and South Cave), Lafarge Tarmac (Grimsby, Hull and Scunthorpe), Hanson (Bridlington), Ever Readymix Concrete (Goole) and Edgar Readymix (Hull). Asphalt plants are located at Fridaythorpe, Grimsby, Hull, Newton upon Derwent, Scunthorpe and Santon. The first two are operated by Cemex, with the Hull, Scunthorpe and Santon sites being operated by Lafarge Tarmac. The Newton on Derwent site is an asphalt recycling plant. The Santon site also processes slag for use as dry stone and cement replacer. Most facilities are situated at or adjacent to existing mineral extraction sites or within industrial estates

3.47 There is currently one operational railhead for mineral transport in the Humber. The Dairycoates Terminal in Hull is operated by Tarmac Lafarge as a receiving terminal for aggregates from elsewhere in the region and beyond. A further receiving and unloading terminal was operated by Omya Ltd (and its predecessors) in the North Ferriby/Melton area. It has been out of use for a number of years, although the connection to the Hull to Selby railway line remains intact. A further receiving depot for industrial sand is operated by Sibelco at Goole.

3.48 As mentioned in the section on marine aggregates, the area has a number of ports and wharves along the Humber Estuary as well as on the Rivers Trent, Hull and Ouse that could offer potential to land or tranship marine won and imported aggregates. Currently, the only facility for this is at Alexandra Dock, Hull.

9 National Planning Policy Framework (March 2012) – paragraph 143. APRIL 2014

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4. TOTAL AGGREGATE SUPPLY

4.1 As discussed in previous sections, the supply of aggregates in the Humber area comes from a number of sources: land won sand and gravel and crushed rock, recycled and secondary aggregates and imported sand and gravel and crushed rock.

4.2 Table 12 presents the total sales for crushed rock and sand and gravel in Humber area over a ten year period. It shows that on average sand and gravel production is greater than crushed rock but that this gap is narrowing overall. Due to the sites available and those that are likely to come forward long term, it is not expected that sand and gravel production in the future will reach the high levels experienced in the early 2000s.

Table 12: Total Aggregate Sales in the Humber Area 2004 – 2013

Average Aggregate (Mt) 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2004-13

Sand and 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.97 gravel Crushed Rock 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.26

Marine 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1* 0.18

Total 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.4 1.1 0.9 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.41 *Marine aggregates figure for 2013 is an estimate due to lack of data availability

4.3 Figure 9 compares the proportion of total sales that sand and gravel, crushed rock and marine dredged sand and gravel represent. Land won sand and gravel is the largest component, with sales of crushed rock representing between 10% and 25% and marine dredged sand and gravel making up the balance.

Figure 9: Comparison of Proportion of Total Aggregate Supply Provided by Crushed Rock, Land Won Sand & Gravel, and Marine Dredged Sand & Gravel

90.0

80.0

70.0

60.0

50.0

40.0

30.0

20.0 Percentage of Aggregate Supply Aggregate of Percentage 10.0

0.0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Sand and Gravel Crushed Rock Marine Dredged Sand & Gravel

Source: Aggregate Mineral Survey; Regional Aggregates Working Party Reports

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5. FUTURE AGGREGATE SUPPLY AND DEMAND

5.1 Planning for future supply of aggregates has traditionally been a top down activity, managed by Government through the Managed Aggregate Supply System (MASS), and the production of national and regional guidelines for aggregate supply. However, the recent changes to the planning system have re-focussed aggregate supply to a more bottom up approach.

5.2 The Government considers that there is a need to maintain the main principles of Managed Aggregate Supply System within a reformed planning system along with national and regional guidelines. They recognise that minerals are a national strategic resource, but consider that the need to ensure a steady and adequate supply of aggregate minerals should be devolved to the local level. This is set out in the National Planning Policy Framework.

Managed Aggregate Supply System (MASS) 5.3 The Managed Aggregate Supply System recognises that the most aggregates are extracted on land and as such there is often a geographical imbalance between where minerals occur and where they are needed. The concept behind the MASS is that those areas which have adequate resources of aggregates make an appropriate contribution to national as well as local supply, while making due allowance for the need to reduce environmental damage to an acceptable level. However, resource-poor areas are expected to make some contribution to meeting local and national needs where that can be done sustainably. Given that quarries take many years to plan and bring into production, MASS has provided the mechanism to deliver long term planning for the supply of aggregates, based on sound evidence. It has also served to proactively manage the rate of primary extraction, by placing added emphasis on the need to meet demand from other sources – including secondary and recycled materials and marine dredged aggregates.

5.4 The Managed Aggregate Supply System works through national, sub-national and local partners working together to deliver a steady and adequate supply of aggregates, at the following levels:

 locally, mineral planning authorities are expected to prepare Local Aggregate Assessments, to assess the demand for and supply of aggregates;  sub-nationally, mineral planning authorities belong to and are supported by Aggregate Working Parties, who produce fit-for-purpose and comprehensive data on aggregates covering specific geographical areas; and  nationally, the National Aggregate Co-ordinating Group monitors the overall provision of aggregates in England.

5.4 A key additional tool which underpins the working of the MASS is the aggregate landbank, a monitoring tool which is the main basis for the Mineral Planning Authority to consider whether to review the local plan10.

National and Regional Guidelines 5.5 As part of the Managed Aggregate Supply System, Guidelines for aggregates supply in England have been published by Government and over recent years have provided a basis for the identification of future requirements for aggregate minerals at the national and regional levels. The most recent guidelines were published in June 2009 and cover the period from 2005 to 2020. They replaced the previous version issued in 2003, which covered the period 2001-2016. These 2003 figures provided the basis for the sub-regional apportionment contained in the now abolished Yorkshire & Humber Regional Spatial Strategy. The 2009 figures were not sub-apportioned to each sub-region. Tables 13 and 14, below set out the 2003 and 2009 guidelines for the Yorkshire and Humber region, and the sub-regional apportionments from the former Regional Spatial Strategy. The latter are shown for information only and are considered out of date.

10 http://planningguidance.planningportal.gov.uk/blog/guidance/minerals/planning-for-aggregate-minerals/the-managed-aggregate- supply-system/ APRIL 2014

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Table 13: Future Aggregates Provision for Yorkshire & Humber – Based on National & Regional Guidelines for Aggregates Provision Land Won Provisions Assumptions Land Won Land won Marine Alternative Net imports Sand & Gravel Crushed Rock Dredged Sand & Materials (mt) (mt) (mt) (mt) Gravel (mt) 2001 - 2005 - 2001 2005 - 2001 - 2005 - 2001 – 2005 - 2001 - 2005 - 2016 2020 - 2016 2020 2016 2020 2016 2020 2016 2020 73 78 220 212 3 5 128 133 0 3 Source: National and Regional Guidelines for Aggregates Provision in England 2001-2016 & 2005-2020 (ODPM, 2003 & DCLG, 2009)

Table 14: Sub-Regional Apportionment for Aggregates – Yorkshire & Humber (2001 to 2016) Area Land Won Sand & Gravel Land Won Crushed Rock North Yorkshire 42.1 140.8 - North Yorkshire County Council (42.1) (74.0) - Yorkshire Dales National Park - (66.0) - North York Moors National Park - (0.8) South Yorkshire 13.0 53.5 West Yorkshire 5.5 17.8 Humber 12.4 7.9 - East Riding (8.3) (5.3) - North Lincolnshire (4.1) (2.6) Total (Million Tonnes) 73 220 Source: Table 10.1 from the former Yorkshire & Humber Plan – Regional Spatial Strategy to 2026 (DCLG, May 2008)

National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) 5.6 The NPPF, issued in March 2012 included new guidance regarding aggregate supply. It requires each Mineral Planning Authority to calculate their aggregate supply requirements on the basis of average aggregate sales over a ten year rolling period and other local information. These new guidelines mark a substantial shift away from the previous ‘historic shares’ sub-regional approach to apportionment creation where a nationally prescribed regional apportionment figure was sub-divided proportionality within the region.

5.7 Based on the sales information set out in Tables 1 and 5, the average level of sales over a 10 year period (2004 to 2013) in the Humber area are 0.97 million tonnes for sand and gravel, and 0.23 million tonnes for crushed rock. This is higher than the previous sub-regional apportionment set out the former Regional Spatial Strategy for sand and gravel. It is lower than that set out for crushed rock. As mentioned previously, the 2009 Guidelines were not apportioned to each sub-region. However, in order to gain an understanding of where the level of sales were compared to the requirements of the 2009 Guidelines, Table 15 sets out an indicative sub-regional apportionment for the Humber area over the period 2005 to 2020. This approach is based on allocating a percentage of the total guideline to the Humber area on a pro-rate basis based average sales over a ten year period (2000 to 2009 – this is most recent period that data for the whole region is available). It is indicative only to allow broad comparisons to be drawn and has not been agreed within the region.

5.8 The hypothetical annual apportionments of the 2005 guidelines for the Humber area are 1.07 million tonnes for sand and gravel and 1.33 million tonnes for crushed rock. This is broadly similar to existing sales levels but is above the apportionment established in the former Regional Spatial Strategy.

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Table 15: Hypothetical sub-regional apportionment of 2009 National and Regional Guidelines Sand & Gravel (million tonnes) Crushed Rock (million tonnes) Yorkshire & Yorkshire & Humber Humber Humber Humber 10 year average sales (2000 1.01 4.58 1.28 12.9 to 2009) Humber area sales (% of 22 - 10 - Yorkshire & Humber sales) Indicative total requirement 2005 to 2020 from Regional - 78 - 212 Guidelines Hypothetical Apportionment 2005 to 17.16 - 21.2 - 2020 Hypothetical Apportionment 2005 to 1.07 - 1.33 - 2020 (per year)

Approaches to Identifying Future Requirement 5.9 There are several different approaches that could be used to identify the potential scale of future requirements for aggregate. It may be possible to carry on the previous approach to identify sub- regional apportionments. It would remove the need to use an average of past sales. However, this does not fit in with the position and advice for the Aggregates Working Party, which considers this approach to be out of date. It could also result in the future requirements not accurately reflecting sales or taking account of the current economic climate.

5.10 Using historic average sales to identify future requirements does have a number of drawbacks. Essentially it is backward looking and does not anticipate future changes in aggregates supply patterns, or take into account any emerging environmental issues or constraints. However, it has the advantage of simplicity and transparency and is supported in principle in national planning guidance and by the former YHRAWP.

5.11 A ten year period is considered by the Yorkshire and Humber Aggregates Working Party, including the Humber Mineral Planning Authorities, to be a good timescale on which to base apportionment. This is because it takes into account periods of both slow and high economic growth (2008 – 2011 and 2001 – 2007 respectively) experienced; by calculating average sales, the peaks and troughs in an economic cycle are smoothed out. Average sales figures, based on actual sales, can be projected forward to provide an indication of expected future sales of sand and gravel and crushed rock over the whole of the plan period, enabling extraction to be planned more sustainably and providing greater certainty to industry.

Other Factors to Take Into Account 5.12 In order to understand if the whether proposed ten year average based aggregate provision figures are the most suitable for the Humber authorities to adopt in their local plans, a broad range of issues need to be considered which could influence the level of demand for minerals. These include requirements from neighbouring areas, population changes, housing requirements and major development projects.

Neighbouring Areas Requirements 5.13 As mentioned earlier in this document, minerals can only be extracted where they exist. This means that in many cases minerals need to be moved around the country to meet requirements in areas where supply is limited or constrained. In Yorkshire and Humber, there are concerns about the long term supply of sand in the South and West Yorkshire, in particular in the Doncaster and Leeds areas. As a result it is likely that sand will have to be imported into these areas from other parts of the region or elsewhere. This could potentially have an impact on the level of sand and gravel that will need to be extracted in the Humber area, above and beyond what is already exported to west, north and south Yorkshire.

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5.14 In order to plan appropriately to meet requirements of the authorities concerned, discussions will need to take place in order to ascertain the level of demand for aggregates in their areas and the likely amount needed from the Humber area as well as when this supply would be needed.

Population Forecasts 5.15 As highlighted previously, the population of the Humber area is expected to grow by around 8%. However it is difficult to make a direct comparison between this and increased demand for aggregates.

Future House Building 5.16 Future house building is likely to require a significant amount of aggregates over the life time of each of the Humber authorities’ plans. Based on adopted and emerging development strategies, a total of 61,070 new dwellings (3,054 dwellings per annum) will be delivered across the Humber area up to 2030. This breaks down as follows:

 North Lincolnshire: 13,500 (750 dwellings per annum) (2008 to 2026) (Core Strategy DPD: Adopted – June 2011)  North East Lincolnshire: The council published a Strategic Housing Market Assessment (SHMA) in May 2013. This document provided trend based and employment led household growth scenarios. The SHMA recommended that the council use the employment led scenario as the principal scenario for consideration in the development of future policy. This results in a requirement for an additional c.9,370 dwellings in the period from 2011 to 2030. The council is working with specialists to prepare a Local Economic Assessment (LEA) and on completion of this will re-assess North East Lincolnshire’s housing requirement.  Hull: 14,440 (722 dwellings per annum) (2011 to 2030) (Emerging Hull Local Plan – Evidence Base)  East Riding of Yorkshire: 23,800 (1,400 dwellings per annum) (2012 to 2029) (Proposed Submission Strategy – January 2014)

5.17 It is possible to estimate how much aggregates are likely to be needed to construct the 61,070 proposed dwellings in the Humber area up to 2030. The British Geological Survey (BGS) publication “Minerals & You” states that approximately 60 tonnes of aggregate are used to build the average house in the UK. If associated infrastructure is included this can rise to 400 tonnes. Using this “rule of thumb”, to sustain the level of housing development proposed in the Humber authorities adopted and emerging plans, approximately 3.7 million tonnes of aggregate will be required. This equates to 0.19 million annually. There is no breakdown of this figure into crushed rock and sand & gravel.

Major Developments 5.18 The Humber area will see a number of major developments over the next few years, all of which will have an important role in helping to revitalise the local economy and developing the renewable energy industry.

5.19 Able Marine Energy Park – this major project will involve the development of 245ha of land on the South Humber Gateway for the manufacturing and assembly of off-shore wind turbines with extensive areas of storage for the component parts of off-shore wind turbines. It will involve the construction of a 1.3km long quay that will extend into the Humber Estuary to allow operators to load turbines onto ships to be taken to their destinations off the East Coast. This project is the largest of its type in the country and will be a major job creator.

5.20 The 1.3km quay will be constructed from a steel pile wall. The space between this wall and the existing flood defences will be filled with sea or estuary dredged material to bring the levels up to the proposed finished level of the quay. The upper sections of fill, approximately 1 metre, will comprise imported stone that will provide a drained heavy duty pavement suitable for operation plan which will include tracked cranes and self-propelled mobile transporters. For the manufacturing area of the site, it is expected that 2 million m3 of fill will need to be imported onto the site over a period of around two

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years. Ground raising will take place. Details of where this would come from and the type of material area not available11.

5.21 Able Logistics Park – this project, which has received planning consent, involves the development of 454ha of land for facilities to support the growth of the South Humber Gateway. It includes the creation of transport depots, warehousing and external storage areas, together with offices, a business park and a motel. There will be road and rail links to Immingham Port and the Humber Sea Terminal and a large part of the site will also provide landscaping and provision of areas for wildlife and ecology.

5.22 Lincolnshire Lakes – this development is one the county’s largest regeneration projects. Lincolnshire Lakes is one of the major projects, alongside the Able Marine Energy Park, that will transform North Lincolnshire as a place to live, to work and invest in. The vision is to create a number of high quality, sustainable village communities containing a total of 6,000 new homes on land between the western edge of Scunthorpe and the River Trent, set within an attractive waterside environment with major opportunities for leisure, sport and recreation. It will also provide an ideal setting for new businesses with the creation of new high quality employment space within a business park. All new development will meet the highest environmental standards.

5.23 Using the BGS “rule of thumb”, building the 6,000 new homes would require a total of 360,000 tonnes of aggregates would be required. If infrastructure is included this could mean 2.4 million tonnes being needed. As previously mentioned, it has not been possible break these tonnages down into sand and gravel, and crushed rock requirements.

5.24 Green Port Hull – this will involve the regeneration of Alexandra Dock, which is part of the Port of Hull complex. It will become a centre for the manufacturing/assembly of off-shore wind turbines. It will be used to for the receipt of important cargo, component manufacture and the dispatch of the turbines for installation at the wind farms out at sea. The development will comprise of a factory for the production of wind turbine equipment, together with component storage areas, offices and car parking, in addition, a new 600m riverside berth will be constructed for the export of wind turbine components.

5.25 The partial infilling of the western portion Alexandra Dock to build up and consolidate ground levels prior to forming a structural pavement for port use will involve the use of 780,000m3 of marine-won aggregates. A new piled quay will also be constructed in the estuary and will be infilled with material to build up and consolidate ground levels. This material will be a mix of material dredged from new ship berths and marine-won aggregates. In total 465,000m3 of material is needed. The quay structure will, most probably include a concrete loading area closest to the quay edge with granular material being used in the storage area away from the berth edge.

5.26 In order to make the development site suitable for use as a wind turbine manufacturing facility, ground improvement works across the site may be necessary. This is likely to comprise temporary surcharging of the ground using marine won aggregate brought to the proposed development site by marine vessels and/or vibro-compaction techniques. Upon completion of the surcharging, aggregate will be used to complete both the partial infill of Alexandra Dock and the already consented reclamation, thereby avoiding the creation of any waste material.

5.27 In the context of the infill material required, additional infill material will be brought to site by sea, sourced from either other consented projects within the Humber Estuary or from supplies of commercially won marine aggregate12.

11 Able Marine Energy Park (AMEP) – Local Impact Report, NLC (2012): Section 2.9 - http://infrastructure.planningportal.gov.uk/wp- content/ipc/uploads/projects/TR030001/2.%20PostSubmission/Representations/LIR%20and%20SoCG/LIR- 001%20Local%20Impact%20Report%20by%20North%20Lincolnshire%20Council.pdf 12 Green Port Hull – Environment Statement : Section 2 - The Proposed Development & Need and Alternatives (URS Scott Wilson, November 2011) - https://planningpublicaccess.hullcc.gov.uk/publicaccess/files/4438AE29E67F36C14A5933AA4BA604D1/pdf/11_01176_S73- ES_02__THE_PROPOSED_DEVELOPMENT_AND_NEED_AND_ALTERNATIVES-428605.pdf

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Transport Improvements

5.28 A160 improvements – this scheme is a major upgrade to the A160 between its interchange with the A180 and the South Humber Gateway employment area. It involves dualling part of the existing road and creating a number of new junctions. It will improve access to the ports of Immingham and Killingholme and will help to ensure major projects such as the Able Marine Energy Park are delivered.

5.29 The required bulk earthworks will consist of 300,000m3 of soils and/or rock, 130,000m3 of which will be taken from the existing cut. Around 91,000m3 of graded aggregates will be need as will 52,000m3 of soil for landscaping, all of which will be obtained on site. In terms of concrete, 5,900m3 of in-situ concrete and 1,500m3 of pre-cast concrete is needed. 30,000m3 of macadam will also be required13.

5.30 A63 Castle Street – this major project proposes to improve a 1.5km stretch of the A63 at Castle Street, which runs through the southern section of Hull city centre. It is one of the busiest sections of road in East Yorkshire and provides an important link between the M62 and the Port of Hull. The project aims to relieve congestion, improve access to the Port of Hull, improve road safety and reduce the barrier between Hull city centre and tourism/recreational facilities around Hull Marina. The proposal involves lowering the road into cutting at the Mytongate Junction, with a new split level junction being created, widening the eastbound side of the existing road with three lanes, construction of new foot bridges at key points to allow better pedestrian access from the city centre to the marina, as well as closing off some access points on safety grounds with new ones being provided. Information on the amount of aggregates required is not available.

5.31 Beverley Southern Bypass – this major project will provide a 2.8km relief road round the southern edge of Beverley, linking the A164 with the A1174 crossing the Hull to Scarborough railway line. It will require around 200,000 tonnes of aggregate to create the embankment, which is likely to be made from PFA (pulverised fuel ash) or chalk. Work on site started in the summer 2013 and is ongoing until the end of 2014.

5.32 Phases 2 and 3 of the Brough Relief road - the construction of Phase 3 of the Brough Relief Road will provide a connection between Phase 2 (bridging the railway) to the north and Saltgrounds Road/Skillings Lane to the west adjacent to the BAE Systems premises. Phase 2, which incorporates the bridge over the Hull – Selby railway, has the benefit of planning permission. The Relief Road, when complete, will provide a through link from BAE Systems through the site towards Welton Road and onward to the A63 further north thereby reducing traffic along Welton Road through the centre of Brough.

5.33 In relation to its construction, it was assumed that aggregates for the bridge embankment will be virgin material (non-recycled) sourced from a local quarry. Construction works will require approximately 68,000m3 of fill (28,000m3 north of the railway, 40,000m3 south of the railway). This will comprise General Granular Fill (Class 1) or cohesive material (Class 2) for the embankment and Selected Granular Fill (Class 6F) for capping14.

Environmental Works 5.34 There are also a number of flood mitigation schemes taking place or scheduled to occur in East Riding area. However, it is unlikely that they will require any significant amount of aggregate minerals.

Potential Future Requirements 5.35 Table 16 shows how the use of ten year average sales will potentially impact upon future aggregate supply requirements. There will be a potential overall requirement for the Humber area to provide 16.49 million tonnes of sand and gravel, and 3.91 million tonnes of crushed rock over the 19 year period. Some of this requirement will be able to be met from existing sites and reserves. Table 17 shows how

13 A160/A180 Port of Immingham Improvement - Environmental Statement – Volume 1: Chapter 11 – Materials (Highways Agency/Jacobs, December 2013) - http://infrastructure.planningportal.gov.uk/wp-content/ipc/uploads/projects/TR010007/2.%20Post- Submission/Application%20Documents/Environmental%20Statement/6.1.2%20Environmental%20Statement%20(ES)%20- %20Volume%201%20(APP14a).pdf 14 Brough Relief Road Phase 2 – Environment Statement – Volume 2 – Main Text : Section 11 – Materials & Waste (White Young Green/Pell Frischmann, November 2010) - http://www.eastriding.gov.uk/padocs/DOCS/D5C448BECD2E11DFB2EE0019994E345E.pdf APRIL 2014

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much can come from existing reserves and the potential shortfall that may need to be provided from new sites or other sources, particularly for sand and gravel.

Table 16: Hypothetical Future Aggregate Requirements for the Humber Area (2013 to 2030) Sand & Gravel Crushed Rock Annual Aggregate Requirement (million tonnes) – 0.97 0.23 based on 10 year average sales (2004 to 2013)

Aggregate Requirement 2013 to 2030 (million 16.49 3.91 tonnes) – Annual Requirement x 17 years

Table 17: Indicative Aggregates Requirements & Shortfalls in the Humber Area (to 2030) Sand & Gravel Crushed Rock Potential Future Requirements to 2030 – based on 16.49 3.91 10 year average sales (million tonnes) Current Reserves (million tonnes) 7.14 7.11 Potential Surplus/Shortfall (million tonnes) -9.35 +3.2 Note: In Potential Surplus/Shortfall row, a “-“ prefix indicates a shortfall, and a “+” prefix indicates a surplus.

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6 CONCLUSION & KEY MESSAGES FOR MINERALS PLANNING POLICY

6.1 There are a number of conclusions that can be drawn from this Local Aggregate Assessment for the Humber area, as well as some messages for minerals planning policy and areas where further work needs to be undertaken as part of any future review of this assessment. These are set out below:

1. It is considered that using 10 year average sales to identify future aggregate supply needs is the most appropriate for the Humber area.

2. In relation to the sand and gravel supply, there appears to be sufficient reserves (as of December 2013) to meet the required seven year landbank. In looking to the future, it is likely that further supplies will need to be identified in emerging plans to meet ongoing supply requirements.

However, a potential issue arises in relation to the sand and gravel extracted in North Lincolnshire. The majority of the sand extracted from quarries in North Lincolnshire takes the form of silica sand. Its properties make it highly suitable for a range of industrial uses, whilst its scarcity means that it is a nationally important mineral. Given this most of the material extracted goes to non-aggregate purposes; only a small amount is used for aggregate purposes. National planning policy classes silica sand as an industrial mineral, and states that a suitable landbank (at least 10 years) must be maintained at each individual site.

3. It is clear that much of the crushed rock extracted in the Humber area is used for non-aggregate purposes, primarily related to specific industries. Therefore many of the reserves in the area will not be available for aggregate production in future. Based on the current 10 year sales average the Humber should have sufficient reserves to meet the required ten year landbank until at least 2030. Whether this remains into the future will depend on future sales levels. The average sales are considered to be more realistic that those identified previously.

4. In relation to imports, if current levels continue over the period to 2030, any shortfalls in reserves could be covered. In looking to the longer term, it may not be sustainable as these imports may not be reliable. For instance supply patterns could change, sites could become exhausted or economic circumstances may change. As highlighted earlier in this assessment, import and export data is from 2005 and 2009 which makes it difficult to gauge how relevant it is. Discussion needs to take place as part of developing the LAA within neighbouring mineral planning authorities and the industry to attempt to secure more up to date information, pending completion of the next national aggregate survey that includes inter-regional flows.

5. Recycled and secondary aggregates will become an increasingly important part of the supply system for minerals. However, information regarding both is very limited and/or dated. With specific regard to recycled aggregates the Humber area was shown to have produced over 700,000 tonnes in 2005 however no more up to date information is available. Given that it would be considered reasonable to assume that much of the available recycled aggregates are already being used and that the contribution to the overall supply will continue. As part of undertaking work towards a review of the LAA and as part preparing evidence bases for the various minerals plans/local plans, it may be prudent to survey existing sites or use planning permissions and Environment Agency records to identify the amount of recycled aggregate being produced.

6. Data shows that just under 200,000 tonnes of marine dredged aggregates is landed within the Humber area, all of which is consumed within the wider Yorkshire and Humber region. Given, the likely available resources in the Humber dredging area it is expected that this supply could be maintained or even enhanced. The National and Regional Guidelines see a significant step change in the amount of sand and gravel coming from marine sources, up to 5 million tonnes annually between 2005 and 2020. There is suitable infrastructure to continue to handle marine landings. If it is possible to increase the level of marine dredged aggregates as part of the area’s supply, it could result in decreased demand for land won aggregate over the longer term.

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that they could form part of the aggregates supply for the region in the medium to long term. The key issue will be availability of infrastructure for land and processing materials.

Monitoring and Reviewing the Local Aggregates Assessment 6.2 Local Aggregate Assessments must be undertaken on an annual basis. As such the contents of this document will be kept under review. This will be done as part of the annual monitoring process for the Humber authorities’ minerals plans/local plans once they have been adopted. Until this happens, aggregates sales, uses and reserves data will need to be collected by each mineral planning authority in order to feed into subsequent LAAs, and to ensure that there are sufficient landbanks to meet the requirements of the National Planning Policy Framework and local aggregate needs.

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7 REFERENCES

British Geological Survey & Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (2004), Mineral Matters 7- Minerals In Our Lives, BGS, Keyworth/ODPM, London

British Geological Survey & Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (2005), Mineral Resource Information in Support of National, Regional and Local Planning – Humberside (comprising East Riding of Yorkshire, North Lincolnshire, North East Lincolnshire and City of Kingston upon Hull), BGS, Keyworth

British Geological Survey, Department for Communities & Local Government & Welsh Assembly Government (2017), Collation of the Results of the 2005 Aggregate Minerals Survey for England and Wales (May 2007), TSO, London

British Geological Survey, Department for Communities & Local Government & Welsh Assembly Government (2011), Collation of the Results of the 2009 Aggregate Minerals Survey for England and Wales (May 2011), TSO, London

Crown Estate (2012), Marine Aggregates - The Crown Estate Licences: Summary of Statistics 2012, CE, London

Crown Estate & Mineral Product Association (2013), The Area Involved – 15th Annual Report: Marine Aggregate Extraction 2012, CE/BMPA, London

Department for Communities & Local Government (2007), Survey of Arisings and Use of Alternatives to Primary Aggregates in England, 2005; Construction, Demolition and Excavation Waste, DCLG, London

Department for Communities & Local Government (2007), Survey of Arisings and Use of Alternatives to Primary Aggregates in England, 2005; Other Materials, DCLG, London

Department for Communities & Local Government (2008), Yorkshire & Humber Plan – Regional Spatial Strategy to 2026, TSO, London

Department for Communities & Local Government (2009), National and Regional Guidelines for Aggregates Provision in England 2005-2020, TSO, London

Department for Communities & Local Government (2010), Household Projections (2008 to 2033) in England, DCLG, London

Department for Communities & Local Government (2012), National Planning Policy Framework (March 2012), DCLG, London

Department for Communities & Local Government (2014), National Planning Practice Guidance (April 2014), DCLG, London

Department for Communities & Local Government (2014), Mineral Extraction in Great Britain in 2012,

Highways Agency/Jacobs (2013), A160/A180 Port of Immingham Improvement - Environmental Statement – Volume 1: Chapter 11 – Materials (December 2013), Jacobs

Mineral Product Association (2008), MPA Aggregates Information Sheet – Recycled Aggregates and the WRAP Quality Protocol, MPA, London

North Lincolnshire Council (2012), Able Marine Energy Park (AMEP) – Local Impact Report, NLC, Scunthorpe

Office of the Deputy Prime (2003), National and Regional Guidelines for Aggregates Provision in England 2001- 2006, TSO, London

Office for National Statistics (2012), Sub-national Population Projections, 2010-based Projections, ONS, London

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Office for National Statistics (2012), Census 2011, ONS, London

URS Scott Wilson (2011), Green Port Hull – Environment Statement: Section 2 - The Proposed Development & Need and Alternatives (November 2011), URS Scott Wilson URS (2014), Marine Aggregates Study – Final Report, URS, Chesterfield

White Young Green/Pell Frischmann (2010), Brough Relief Road Phase 2 – Environment Statement – Volume 2 – Main Text : Section 11 – Materials & Waste, WYG/PF

Yorkshire & Humber Regional Aggregates Working Party (2002 to 2009), Annual Reports & Annual Aggregates Monitoring, YDNP, Leyburn

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8. GLOSSARY

Aggregate – Sand and gravel, crushed rock and other bulk materials used in the construction industry for purposes such as the making of concrete, mortar, asphalt or for roadstone, drainage or bulk filling.

Aggregate Working Party (AWP) – The AWP is a technical working group with membership drawn from mineral planning authorities, the minerals industry and the Department for Communities & Local Government (DCLG).

Alluvium - Loose, unconsolidated soil or sediments, eroded, deposited, and reshaped by water in some form in a non-marine setting. Alluvium is typically made up of a variety of materials, including fine particles of silt and clay and larger particles of sand and gravel. When this loose alluvial material is deposited or cemented into a lithological unit, or lithified, it would be called an alluvial deposit.

Basic Oxygen Slag – By-product of the steel making industry from works using basic oxygen furnaces.

Bedrock Geology (formerly known as 'solid' geology by BGS) - Is a term used for the main mass of rocks forming the Earth and present everywhere, whether exposed at the surface in outcrops or concealed beneath superficial deposits or water. The bedrock has formed over vast lengths of geological time ranging from ancient and highly altered rocks of the Proterozoic, some 2500 million years ago, or older, up to the relatively young Pliocene, 2.6 million years ago.

Blast Furnace Slag – By-product of the iron making industry, where blast furnaces are used to make iron.

Blown Sands - Loose sand covering other mineral deposits which has been deposited as a result of wind.

Boulder Clay - A deposit of clay, often full of boulders, which is formed in and beneath glaciers and ice-sheets wherever they are found, but is in a special sense the typical deposit of the Glacial Period in northern Europe and North America. Boulder clay is variously known as till or ground moraine.

Brick Clay - Term used to describe clay and shale used in the manufacture of structural clay products such as bricks, pavers, clay tiles for roofing and cladding and vitrified clay pipes.

British Geological Survey (BGS) – Founded in 1835, the BGS is the world's oldest national geological survey and the United Kingdom's centre for earth science information and expertise. The BGS is responsible for advising the UK government on all aspects of geoscience as well as providing impartial geological advice to industry, academia and the public.

Chalk - A soft, white, porous sedimentary rock, a form of limestone composed of the mineral calcite. Occurs extensively in southern and eastern England, and is a key component in the manufacture of cement and lime.

Colliery Spoil - Waste material from the coal mining industry, previously deposited in spoil heaps at colliery sites.

Construction, Demolition & Excavation Waste (CDEW) - Waste generated during construction and demolition processes which includes masonry, wood and rubble. CDEW is by far the largest waste stream by weight, although significant proportions are currently recycled. This can be used as a secondary aggregate.

Cretaceous - The geological period and system dating from 145.5 to 65.5 million years ago.

Crown Estate – Are responsible for managing a wide ranging property portfolio on behalf of the Crown, including much of the seabed around the United Kingdom. They are responsible for licensing areas for dredging of marine aggregates.

Crushed Rock – Hard rock, such as limestone, which has been quarried, fragmented and graded for use as aggregate.

Department for Communities & Local Government (DCLG) - The government department responsible for local

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government, housing, planning, regeneration, social exclusion and neighbourhood renewal. It works with other government departments, local councils, businesses, the voluntary sector, and communities themselves, to help create sustainable communities.

Duty to Co-operate – Local Planning Authorities are expected to address strategic issues in conjunction with neighbouring authorities (who are considering the same issues). It is a requirement of the Localism Act 2011.

Electric Arc Furnace Slag – A by-product of the steel making industry from works using electric arc furnaces

Furnace Bottom Ash – The ‘coarse’ ash fraction produced in the furnaces of coal fired power stations when pulverised coal is fed into the boilers and burnt at high temperatures and pressures. Used in road construction.

Glacial Sand & Gravel – Sand and gravel deposited by glaciers or ice sheets when they have retreated.

Humber area – Sub-region of the Yorkshire and Humber region, consisting of the City of Kingston upon Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, North East Lincolnshire & North Lincolnshire.

Ironstone - Fine-grained, heavy and compact sedimentary rock. Its main components are the carbonate or oxide of iron, clay and/or sand. Traditionally the source of iron ore for the British iron industry resulting in the establishment of the iron and steel industries in Scunthorpe. Outcrops of Frodingham Ironstone occur to the east of Scunthorpe.

Jurassic - The geological period and system dating from 196.6 to 145.5 million years ago.

Landbank – A landbank is the sum in tonnes of all permitted reserves for which valid planning permissions are extant, this includes non-working sites but excludes dormant sites and “inactive sites”. They are a monitoring tool to provide MPA’s with early warning of possible disruption to the provision of an adequate and steady supply of land-won aggregate in their area.

Lias; Upper, Middle & Lower - The Lias Group (or Lias) is a lithostratigraphic unit (a sequence of rock strata) found in a large area of western Europe, including the British Isles, the North Sea, the low countries and northern Germany. It consists of marine limestones, shales, marls and clays often divided into Lower, Middle and Upper subgroups. Within the Humber area, it consists mainly of limestone.

Licensed Dredging Area – Areas allocated under the sea where dredging is allowed to take place with the permission of the Marine Management Organisation.

Limestone - A sedimentary rock composed largely of the minerals calcite and/or aragonite, which are different crystal forms of calcium carbonate. Used in the construction of buildings as well as the production of lime, mortar and cement.

Local Aggregate Assessment (LAA) – A report prepared by one or several Minerals Planning Authority(ities) which assesses the demand for and supply of aggregates now and in the future.

Managed Aggregate Supply System (MASS) – The system used by Government to ensure that there is a steady and adequate supply of aggregate minerals to meet national and local requirements.

Marine Dredged Sand & Gravel – Sand and gravel dredged from the sea.

Mercia Mudstones - Formerly known as Keuper Marl: Characterised by a sequence of brown, red-brown, calcareous clays and mudstones, with occasional beds of impersistent green siltstone and fine-grained sandstone.

Minerals Planning Authority (MPA) – The Local Authority responsible for the control of mineral extraction and waste management development, through forward planning, determining planning applications, monitoring and enforcement.

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National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) – Introduced in March 2012, the NPPF is a result of the Government’s wish to streamline and simplify the planning system in England. It sets out the Government’s planning policies for England and how these are expected to be applied. It replaces most Planning Policy Statements, Planning Policy Guidance, Minerals Policy Statements, Minerals Policy Guidance and a number of other Circulars and Letters to Chief Planning Officers. It is a material consideration in determining planning applications and must be taken into account when preparing local and neighbourhood plans.

Oolitic; Inferior & Greater – Groups of rocks dating from the middle Jurassic period consisting mainly of limestone. A band of these run north to south through the Humber area, adjacent to the Yorkshire Wolds and Lincolnshire Wolds from Market Weighton in the north to the boundary with Lincolnshire.

Peat - Made up of partially decaying vegetation, plant matter, trees and occasionally animal remains. It forms in wetland bog or marshland areas where decay is inhibited by the acidic and anaerobic conditions. It is soft in character and any water can be forced out when put under pressure. It is used primarily in horticulture to improve soils, and can also be used as fuel.

Pulverised Fuel Ash (PFA) - A by-product of pulverised fuel (typically coal) fired power stations. The fuel is pulverised into a fine powder, mixed with heated air and burned. The resultant ash is used as engineering fill and as a component for concrete.

Quaternary - The most recent of the three periods of the Cenozoic Era in the geologic time scale. This period runs for around 2.6 million years ago to the present.

Recycled Aggregate – Can be sourced from construction and demolition waste, highway maintenance waste and excavation and utility operations and then be reused as aggregate.

Regional Aggregates Working Party (RAWP) – See Aggregates Working Party (AWP).

Regional Spatial Strategy (RSS) – A regional level of strategic planning with which local authority plans were required to be broadly consistent. The RSS for the Yorkshire and Humber region was revoked by the Government in February 2013.

Sand & Gravel – Rock which nature has already broken into fragments mostly by weathering and by erosion during the ice age.

Secondary Aggregate – Derived from a range of materials which may be used as aggregate, including blast furnace slag.

Sherwood Sandstone - The Sherwood Sandstone Group is a Triassic lithostratigraphic group (a sequence of rock strata) which is widespread in Britain, especially in the English Midlands. The name is derived from Sherwood Forest in Nottinghamshire which is underlain by rocks of this age. It runs southwards from north- east England, through the Vale of York into Nottinghamshire.

Silica Sand - Silica sand is a mineral of national importance as it contains a high proportion of silica in the form of quartz and relatively low levels of impurities compared with sands used as construction aggregates. It is used mainly as raw material for the glass and foundry casting industries but can have a wide range of other uses including ceramics and chemicals manufacture, firing and drying.

Sub-Regional Apportionment – The splitting of regional supply guidelines for aggregate minerals between local planning authorities or sub-regions.

Superficial Deposits - Formerly known as 'drift' deposits, these are the youngest geological deposits formed during the most recent period of geological time, the Quaternary, which extends back about 2.6 million years from the present. They rest on older deposits or rocks referred to as bedrock.

Triassic – The geological period and system that dating from about 250 to 200 million years ago.

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Yorkshire & Humber Plan – See Regional Spatial Strategy (RSS).

Yorkshire & Humber Regional Aggregates Working Party (YHRAWP) – See Aggregates Working Party.

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