Transitional Fossil Earwigs - a Missing Link in Dermaptera Evolution Jingxia Zhao, Yunyun Zhao, Chungkun Shih, Dong Ren*, Yongjie Wang
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Taxonomy of Iberian Anisolabididae (Dermaptera)
Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 63(1), pp. 29–43, 2017 DOI: 10.17109/AZH.63.1.29.2017 TAXONOMY OF IBERIAN ANISOLABIDIDAE (DERMAPTERA) Mario García-París Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, MNCN-CSIC c/José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006, Madrid. Spain. E-mail: [email protected] An update on the taxonomy and geographic distribution of Iberian Anisolabididae (Der- maptera) is provided. Former catalogues reported in the Iberian Peninsula three genera of Anisolabididae: Aborolabis, Anisolabis, and Euborellia. A revision of 487 specimens of Iberian and North African Anisolabidoidea permit to exclude the genus Aborolabis from the Iberian fauna, the re-assignation of inland Euborellia annulipes Iberian records to Euborellia moesta, and the exclusion of Aborolabis angulifera from Northwestern Africa. Examination of type materials of Aborolabis mordax and Aborolabis cerrobarjai allows to propose the treatment of A. cerrobarjai as a junior synonym of A. mordax. The diagnostic characters of Euborellia his- panica are included within the local variability found in E. moesta. I propose that E. hispanica should be treated as a junior synonym of E. moesta. Key words: earwigs, systematics, Mediterranean region, Spain, Morocco, NW Africa. INTRODUCTION The Iberian fauna of Dermaptera, including Anisolabididae Verhoeff, 1902, has been the subject of diverse revisionary (Bolívar 1876, 1897, Lapeira & Pascual 1980, Herrera Mesa 1980, Bivar de Sousa 1997) and compilatory works (Herrera Mesa 1999). These revisions together with the monograph of the Fauna of France (Albouy & Caussanel 1990) and the on-line information included in Fauna Europaea (Haas 2010), rendered the image of Dermaptera as a well known group in continental western Europe. -
Phylogeny of Morphologically Modified Epizoic Earwigs Based on Molecular Evidence
When the Body Hides the Ancestry: Phylogeny of Morphologically Modified Epizoic Earwigs Based on Molecular Evidence Petr Kocarek1*, Vaclav John2, Pavel Hulva2,3 1 Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic, 2 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic, 3 Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic Abstract Here, we present a study regarding the phylogenetic positions of two enigmatic earwig lineages whose unique phenotypic traits evolved in connection with ectoparasitic relationships with mammals. Extant earwigs (Dermaptera) have traditionally been divided into three suborders: the Hemimerina, Arixeniina, and Forficulina. While the Forficulina are typical, well-known, free-living earwigs, the Hemimerina and Arixeniina are unusual epizoic groups living on molossid bats (Arixeniina) or murid rodents (Hemimerina). The monophyly of both epizoic lineages is well established, but their relationship to the remainder of the Dermaptera is controversial because of their extremely modified morphology with paedomorphic features. We present phylogenetic analyses that include molecular data (18S and 28S ribosomal DNA and histone-3) for both Arixeniina and Hemimerina for the first time. This data set enabled us to apply a rigorous cladistics approach and to test competing hypotheses that were previously scattered in the literature. Our results demonstrate that Arixeniidae and Hemimeridae belong in the dermapteran suborder Neodermaptera, infraorder Epidermaptera, and superfamily Forficuloidea. The results support the sister group relationships of Arixeniidae+Chelisochidae and Hemimeridae+Forficulidae. This study demonstrates the potential for rapid and substantial macroevolutionary changes at the morphological level as related to adaptive evolution, in this case linked to the utilization of a novel trophic niche based on an epizoic life strategy. -
Dermaptera, Forficulidae)
Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 68 (2) 2021, 235–248 | DOI 10.3897/dez.68.68020 The Pyrenean species of Chelidura (Dermaptera, Forficulidae) Pilar Jurado-Angulo1, Yolanda Jiménez-Ruiz1, Mario García-París1 1 Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, MNCN-CSIC. c/ José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2. 28006, Madrid. Spain http://zoobank.org/43AD7562-7AF5-426D-A7EF-17225DD9AD98 Corresponding author: Pilar Jurado-Angulo ([email protected]) Academic editor: Susanne Randolf ♦ Received 28 April 2021 ♦ Accepted 6 July 2021 ♦ Published 10 August 2021 Abstract The Pyrenees are inhabited by scattered populations of earwigs of the genus Chelidura Latreille, 1825. There is some controversy about the specific assignment of these populations: while most authors assign them toC. pyrenaica (Gené, 1832), other consider that C. aptera (Mégerlé, 1825) is also present in the Pyrenees. The main objective of this work was to revise the identity and synonyms of Pyrenean Chelidura. Specimens from recent fieldwork and collections (MNCN-CSIC) were used for morphological and molecular studies (cytochrome oxidase 1). All Pyrenean specimens shared similar cox1 sequences, very divergent from those of Alpine C. ap- tera. As a consequence, the variability observed in male cerci morphology from the Pyrenees, ranging from long and slightly curved to short and very curved, corresponded to C. pyrenaica, and the presence of C. aptera in the Pyrenees can be rejected. As previously suggested by Maccagno (1933) and Fontana et al. (2021), the revision of the synonymic list uncovered the misplacement of the name F. simplex Germar, 1825 under the synonymy of C. aptera, while it rather represents a synonym of C. -
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46 Rec. zool. Sura. India Genus. Acrania Burr, 1915 Distribution: INDIA (Tamil Nadu, Himachal 1915. Acrania Burr. J.R. micro Soc., 1915: 432, 436 (Type Pradesh, West Bengal and Kashmir). Pygidicrana picta Guerin-Meneville) Elsewhere: Pakistan, Uganda and Zaire. 1993. Acrania; Srivastava, Rec. zool. Sura. India, 92(1-4): 44. Remarks : This species is recorded for the first time from Kashmir. 3. Acrania fletcheri (Bharadwaj and Kapoor, 1967) 5. Euborellia annulata (Fabricius, 1793) 1967. Cranopygia jletcheri Bharadwaj and Kapoor, Bull. Ent.,8(2) : 1(0"; India: Meghalaya; Shillong, 5000 1793. Forficula annulata Fabricius, Ent. Syst., II : 4 (sex; ft.) Americae meridionale). 1914. Kalocrania picta (nec.Guerin-Meneville); Burr, Rec. 1867. Anisolabis stali; Scudder, Proc. Boston soc. Nat. Hist., Indian Mus., 8(2): 136 (lO",l~, Kobo). 18: 308. 1993. Acrania jletcheri; Srivastava, Rec. zool. Sura. India, 1910. Borellia stali Burr, Fauna of British India, Dermaptera: 92(1-4): 45. 88. Material examined: INDIA: Manipur: Imphal, Material Examined : INDIA: Chennai, Elliots 16 miles North on Dimapur Road, Alt., 3500 ft., Beach, Radio Station, 10", 18.9.1961. 14.x.1945 (Major M.L. Roonwal). Measurements: (in mm): Male Measurements: (in mm): Male Length of body 10mm Length of body 20 Forceps l.5mm. Length of forceps 5.5 Distribution : INDIA (Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Distribution: INDIA: Meghalaya, (Shillong and Karnataka, Maharashtra, Orissa, West Bengal, Manipur) (Imphal district). Manipur and Lakshadweep islands). Elsewhere: Not yet recorded. Elsewhere: Sri Lanka, Pakistan and China. Remarks : It is reported for the first time from Sub family BRACHYLABIDINAE the state of Manipur. Genus Metisolabis Burr, 1910 Super family ANISOLABOIDEA 1910. -
European Earwig, Forficula Auricularia Linnaeus (Insecta: Dermaptera: Forficulidae)1
Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office. EENY-032 European Earwig, Forficula auricularia Linnaeus (Insecta: Dermaptera: Forficulidae)1 H. V. Weems, Jr., and P. E. Skelley2 Introduction Distribution The European earwig, Forficula auricularia This earwig is found throughout Europe, but it Linnaeus 1758, is intercepted in Florida frequently in seldom is present in great numbers. Quantities of bundles of plants and shrubbery, in cut flowers, and nursery stock arrive from the western United States in florists' equipment arriving from the western annually that are infested with this earwig, but it has United States. This insect is spread largely by man. not successfully established in Florida. While it has Spread by natural means is limited because earwigs not been considered of great economic importance in seldom fly and cannot maintain flight very long. It Europe, it has become a serious pest in parts of the has not yet become established in Florida, but it has United States. the potential to do so, at least in the northern part of the state. This earwig was recorded first in the United The European earwig is widespread in cooler States at Newport, Rhode Island in 1911 (Jones parts of the world. Originally known from the 1917). Jones (1917) reported a small colony from Palearctic Region, the European earwig has been Seattle, Washington in 1915. Later evidence indicated recorded from Canada (British Columbia, Manitoba, that it first invaded North America somewhere on the Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, and west coast in the early 1900s. Eventually it became Saskatchewan) and the United States (Arizona, widespread in the New England and Middle Atlantic California, Colorado, Idaho, Maine, Massachusetts, states and throughout most of the western states, Montana, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Rhode especially where there is abundant rainfall or Island, Utah, and Washington). -
THE EARWIGS of CALIFORNIA (Order Dermaptera)
BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY VOLUME 20 THE EARWIGS OF CALIFORNIA (Order Dermaptera) BY ROBERT L. LANGSTON and J. A. POWELL UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS THE EARWIGS OF CALIFORNIA (Order Dermaptera) BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY VOLUME 20 THE EARWIGS OF CALIFORNIA (Order Dermaptera) BY ROBERT L. LANGSTON and J. A. POWELL UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY LOS ANGELES LONDON 1975 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY Advisory Editors: H. V. Daly, J. A. Powell; J. N. Belkin, R. M. Bohart, R. L. Doutt, D. P. Furman, J. D. Pinto, E. I. Schlinger, R. W. Thorp VOLUME 20 Approved for publication September 20,1974 Issued August 15, 1975 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY AND LOS ANGELES UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS, LTD. LONDON, ENGLAND ISBN 0-520-09524-3 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER: 74-22940 0 1975 BY THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRINTED BY OFFSET IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA CONTENTS Introduction .................................................. 1 California fauna ............................................. 1 Biology ................................................... 1 History of establishment and spread of introduced species in California ........ 2 Analysis of data ............................................. 4 Acknowledgments ............................................ 4 Systematic Treatment Classification ............................................... 6 Key to California species ........................................ 6 Anisolabis maritima (Ght5) ................................... -
Sovraccoperta Fauna Inglese Giusta, Page 1 @ Normalize
Comitato Scientifico per la Fauna d’Italia CHECKLIST AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE ITALIAN FAUNA FAUNA THE ITALIAN AND DISTRIBUTION OF CHECKLIST 10,000 terrestrial and inland water species and inland water 10,000 terrestrial CHECKLIST AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE ITALIAN FAUNA 10,000 terrestrial and inland water species ISBNISBN 88-89230-09-688-89230- 09- 6 Ministero dell’Ambiente 9 778888988889 230091230091 e della Tutela del Territorio e del Mare CH © Copyright 2006 - Comune di Verona ISSN 0392-0097 ISBN 88-89230-09-6 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the publishers and of the Authors. Direttore Responsabile Alessandra Aspes CHECKLIST AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE ITALIAN FAUNA 10,000 terrestrial and inland water species Memorie del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona - 2. Serie Sezione Scienze della Vita 17 - 2006 PROMOTING AGENCIES Italian Ministry for Environment and Territory and Sea, Nature Protection Directorate Civic Museum of Natural History of Verona Scientifi c Committee for the Fauna of Italy Calabria University, Department of Ecology EDITORIAL BOARD Aldo Cosentino Alessandro La Posta Augusto Vigna Taglianti Alessandra Aspes Leonardo Latella SCIENTIFIC BOARD Marco Bologna Pietro Brandmayr Eugenio Dupré Alessandro La Posta Leonardo Latella Alessandro Minelli Sandro Ruffo Fabio Stoch Augusto Vigna Taglianti Marzio Zapparoli EDITORS Sandro Ruffo Fabio Stoch DESIGN Riccardo Ricci LAYOUT Riccardo Ricci Zeno Guarienti EDITORIAL ASSISTANT Elisa Giacometti TRANSLATORS Maria Cristina Bruno (1-72, 239-307) Daniel Whitmore (73-238) VOLUME CITATION: Ruffo S., Stoch F. -
Dermaptera Hindwing Structure and Folding: New Evidence for Familial, Ordinal and Superordinal Relationships Within Neoptera (Insecta)
Eur. J. Entorno!. 98: 445-509, 2001 ISSN 1210-5759 Dermaptera hindwing structure and folding: New evidence for familial, ordinal and superordinal relationships within Neoptera (Insecta) Fabian HAAS1 and Jarmila KUKALOVÂ-PECK2 1 Section ofBiosystematic Documentation, University ofUlm, Helmholtzstr. 20, D-89081 Ulm, Germany; e-mail: [email protected] 2Department ofEarth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; e-mail: [email protected] Key words.Dermaptera, higher phylogenetics, Pterygota, insect wings, wing folding, wing articulation, protowing Abstract. The Dermaptera are a small order of insects, marked by reduced forewings, hindwings with a unique and complicated folding pattern, and by pincer-like cerci. Hindwing characters of 25 extant dermapteran species are documented. The highly derived hindwing venation and articulation is accurately homologized with the other pterygote orders for the first time. The hindwing base of Dermaptera contains phylogenetically informative characters. They are compared with their homologues in fossil dermapteran ancestors, and in Plecoptera, Orthoptera (Caelifera), Dictyoptera (Mantodea, Blattodea, Isoptera), Fulgoromorpha and Megaloptera. A fully homologized character matrix of the pterygote wing complex is offered for the first time. The wing venation of the Coleo- ptera is re-interpreted and slightly modified . The all-pterygote character analysis suggests the following relationships: Pterygota: Palaeoptera + Neoptera; Neoptera: [Pleconeoptera + Orthoneoptera] + -
Washington Geology, V, 22, No. 1, March 1994
LIi u ::, 0 WASHINGTON LIi VOL.MA.RCH 22, NO. 1994 I GEO·L '0G"I • INSIDE THIS ISSUE I Washington's mineral industry-1993, p. 3: WASHINGTON STATE DEPARTMENTOF Metallic mineral deposits. p. 16; Industrial minerals, p. 19 I Coal activity in Washington-1993, p. 23 Natural Resources 1 Hot springs and ore deposition on the sea floor, p. 24 Jennifer M . Belcher - Commissioner of Pub I ic Lands Kaleen Cottingham - Supervisor 1 Late Triassic volcanic arc setting for the Holden mine. p. 28 1 Middle Eocene earwigs from Republic, Washington, p. 39 Division of Geology and Earth Resources WASHINGTON Developments in GEOLOGY Environmental Regulation Vol. 22, No. I by Ray Lasmanis, State Geologist March 1994 Washington Geology (ISSN 1058-2134) is published four times each year by the Washington State Department of Natural During its 1994 Session, the State Legislature passed bills af Resources, Div is ion of Geology and Earth Resources. This pub fecting the environmental regulation of petroleum, geother lication is free upon request. The Division also publishes bulle mal resources, underground gas storage, and metals mining in tins, information circulars, reports of investigations, geologic Washington. Of these bills, Engrossed Substitute House Bill maps, and open-file reports. A list of these publications will be (ESHB) 2521, the Metals Mining and Milling Act, is the most sent upon request. important. The Metals Mining and Milling Act is based partly on the DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES findings of a task force of industry, environmental, and com Jennifer M. Belcher, Commissioner of Public Lands munity voices, as well as those of the Departments of Ecology Kaleen Cottingham, Supervisor (DOE) and Natural Resources (DNR). -
Forficulidae Fauna of Olive Orchards in the Southeastern Anatolia and Eastern Mediterranean Regions of Turkey (Dermaptera)
J. Entomol. Res. Soc., 16(1): 27-35, 2014 ISSN:1302-0250 Forficulidae Fauna of Olive Orchards in the Southeastern Anatolia and Eastern Mediterranean Regions of Turkey (Dermaptera) Gülay KAÇAR1* Masaru NISHIKAWA2 1* Laboratory of Entomology, Biological Control Research Station, Koprukoyu, 01321 Adana, TURKEY, *Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected] 2 Laboratory of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8566 JAPAN ABSTRACT In this study, we aimed to determine the occurrence of Forficulidae earwigs on olive trees in the eastern Mediterrenean and southeastern Anatolia regions of Turkey. Seasonal changes in occurrence and abundance of earwigs were monitored in olive orchards in (Tarsus) Mersin and Erzin (Hatay) for two successive years. Samples were collected by using aspirator, handing, knocking and with twigs plucked from olive trees and separated in the laboratory. Six species from Forficulidae family in altogether 98 specimens were collected. Forficula aetolica Brunner, 1882 (2 specimens), F. auricularia Linnaeus, 1758 (13), F. decipiens Géné, 1832 (1), F. lurida Fischer, 1853 (41), Guanchia brignolii (Vigna Taglianti, 1974) (22), G. hincksi (Burr, 1947) (1), Guanchia sp. (14) and Forficula sp. (4) were determined in olive orchards (Oleae europae L.) in Adana, Hatay, Kahramanmaraş, Mersin, Osmaniye provinces (eastern Mediterrenean region), Gaziantep and Kilis provinces (southeastern Anatolia region) of Turkey between the years 2008 and 2010. F. lurida was detected as the most abundant species. The results of this study also revelead that Forficulidae species were appeared on the trees at the middle of April and after become adults, they migrated to the soil at the end of December. -
Curaçao and Other
STUDIES ON THE FAUNA OF CURAÇAO AND OTHER CARIBBEAN ISLANDS: No. 131. The Dermapteraof theCaribbean by A. Brindle (Manchester Museum) Page Figure Introduction 3 Composition of the fauna 5 Genitalia 11 DIPLATYIDAE 15 1. Cylindrogaster occidentalis (Burr) 16 1-2 PYGIDICRANIDAE Pyragrinae 16 2. Pyragropsis buscki (Caudell) 17 3-4 CARCINOPHORIDAE 17 Carcinophorinae 18 3. Carcinophora americana (Beauvois) 19 7-8 4. Carcinophora percheroni (Guérin & Percheron) 21 5. Carcinophora nigra (Caudell) 22 6. Carcinophora waddyi Burr 23 7. Anisolabis maritima (Bonelli) 23 5-6 8. Euborelliacaraibea Hebard 24 9-11 9. Euborellia stali (Dohrn) 26 12-13 10. Euborellia annulipes (Lucas) 28 Brachylabiinae 29 11. allardi 31 17-19 Brachylabis sp. n LABIDURIDAE 32 Labidurinae 32 12. Labidura riparia (Pallas) 34 14, 16 13. Labidura xanthopus (Stal) 36 15 LABIIDAE 37 Labiinae 37 14. Labia curvicauda (Motschulsky) 38 22-23 15. Labia pilicornis (Motschulsky) 39 20-21,26 2 Page Figure 16. Labia dorsalis (Burmeister) 40 24, 28 17. Labia arcuata Scudder 41 25,27 18. Labia annulata (Fabricius) 42 Spongiphorinae 42 19. Spongiphora croceipennis Serville 44 29-30 20. Vostox cabrerae Rehn 45 31 21. Vostox insularis (Bruner) 45 32 22. Spongovostox ghilianii (Dohrn) 46 33 23. Marava arachidis (Yersin) 47 38-39 24. Marava unidentata (Beauvois) 48 37, 41 25. Marava pulchella (Serville) 49 40 26. Marava modesta (Bruner) 50 36 27. Marava dominicae (Rehn & Hebard) 51 43 28. Marava jamaicana (Rehn & Hebard) 52 44 29. Marava quadrata sp. n 52 34-35 30. Formicilabia caribea Rehn & Hebard 54 47 Sparattinae 54 31. Parasparatta dominicana Brindle 55 42 32. -
Novitates Paleoentomologicae No
Novitates Paleoentomologicae No. 6, pp. 1–16 29 January 2014 ȱȬȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ǻǼ ȱǯȱ1 & David A. Grimaldi2 Abstract.ȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȬȱ ȱȱȱȱęȱ ȱ ȱ ǻ¢Ǽȱ ǯȱ ȱ Zigrasolabis speciosa Engel & Grimaldi, new genus and ǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱǯȱȱToxolabis zigrasi ȱǭȱ ǰȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱ ȱęȬȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱT. zigrasi ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǯȱȱ ȱǰȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǻZigrasolabisȱȱǰȱToxolabisȱ¢ȱȱǼȱȱȱȱ¡ȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱĴȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱęȱȱȱ¢ȱ ¢ȱȱȱǯ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱǻ ¢ȱȱ¢Ǽǰȱȱȱ¢ȱ ǯȱȱȱ ȱǻǼȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȬ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǻȱǰȱȃ¾Ȅȱȱȃ Ȅǰȱȱ ȃȄȱȱȃȄDZȱǰȱŘŖŖŝǰȱŘŖŖşǼǯȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ 1ȱȱȱ ȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ǰȱȱȱȱ at 79thȱǰȱ ȱǰȱ ȱȱŗŖŖŘŚȬśŗşŘǰȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǭȱ¢ȱ¢ǰȱŗśŖŗȱȱȱȮȱȱŗŚŖǰȱ ¢ȱȱ ǰȱ ǰȱ ȱŜŜŖŚśȱǻȓǯDzȱȓǯǼǯ 2ȱȱȱ ȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ǰȱȱȱȱ at 79thȱǰȱ ȱǰȱ ȱȱŗŖŖŘŚȬśŗşŘȱǻȓǯǼǯ Copyright © M.S. Engel & D.A. Grimaldi. ȱȱĴȬȬȱřǯŖȱȱȱǻȱȬȬȱřǯŖǼǯ ȱŘřŘşȬśŞŞŖ 2 Novitates Paleoentomologicae No. 6 the opening of the ear for warmth (e.g., Taylor, 1978; Fisher, 1986), as do many differ- ent small arthropods, they do not lay eggs, damage the brain, or cause insanity. Aside from being a nuisance in warm, dark, and damp places in human habitats, earwigs are at most moderately destructive to some crops as they will feed on foliage as well as small arthropods and such feeding can be detrimental to seedlings or soft-fleshed fruits (e.g., Bower, 1992; Alford, 2007). In fact, earwigs can be quite beneficial. For ex- ample, the common European earwig Forficula auricularia Linnaeus, a common tramp species, can be an effective biological control agent of woolly apple aphids [Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann)] in orchards (Carroll & Hoyt, 1984; Mueller et al., 2011), as well as other common pests (Suckling et al., 2006).