ICCROM NEWSLETTER

June 2007 English edition 33

ICCROM (International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property) is an intergovernmental organization (IGO), and the only institution of its kind dedicated to the protection and preservation of cultural heritage worldwide, including monuments and sites, as well as museum, library and archive collections. ICCROM fulfils its mission through collecting and disseminating information; co-ordinating research; offering consultancy and advice; providing advanced training; and promoting CONTENTS awareness of the value of preserving cultural Developing Partnerships: the Key to ICCROM’s Future...... 1 heritage. ICCROM News and Events...... 5 Remembering the Florence Flood...... 8 ICCROM CollAsia 2010: Teaming Up...... 9 Via di San Michele, 13 I-00153 Rome, Italy Advancing Research in Risk Management Applications Telephone: +39-06585531 to Cultural Property ...... 10 Fax: +39-0658553349 New International Course on Conservation [email protected] of Built Heritage...... 12 www. iccrom.org UNESCO-ICCROM Asian Academy for Heritage Management...... 13 The Design of Protective Structures for the Conservation and French, Spanish and Arabic versions of this Presentation of Archaeological Sites in the Mediterranean.....14 Newsletter are available on request. The EPA Fund: Building on Success...... 16 Laws Protecting the Immovable Cultural Heritage in Sub-Saharan Africa...... 17 Reflections on Sharing Conservation Decisions Courses....18 Pacific Islands Museums Association (PIMA)...... 20 ICCROM Library: Selected New Acquisitions...... 21

INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THE STUDY OF THE PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THE STUDY OF THE PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY Partners in ICCROM’s PROGRAMMES 2006 – 7 Programmes Staff Academy of Cultural Heritage, Vilnius, Lithuania The European Commission, INT Netherlands Institute for Cultural Heritage (ICN) The articles in this newsletter Office of the Director-General Chiara Lespérance, Administrative Aga Khan Trust for Culture, Switzerland Federculture, Italy Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD) Agbodrafo Municipality, Togo Fine Arts Department, Thailand Norwegian Institute for Cultural Heritage Research (NIKU) reflect the range of programme Mounir Bouchenaki, Director-General, Assistant Agency for Cultural Affairs, Japan Fondazione Banco di Sicilia, Italy Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) activities carried out by ICCROM Alvar Aalto Academy and Alvar Aalto Museum, Finland Fondazione per l’Arte della Compagnia di San Paolo, Italy Old Town Renewal Agency (OTRA), Lithuania Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Opificio delle Pietre Dure (OPD), Italy during 2006–7. These activities Bruno Pisani, Manager of Finance and Office of Communication and Information (ALECSO) (FAO) Organisation of World Heritage Cities take place worldwide and take Administration, Robert Killick, Manager Archaeological Survey of India Formez, Centro di formazione Studi, Rome, Italy Parks Canada Asian Academy for Heritage Management The Getty Conservation Institute (GCI), USA Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy on a variety of forms. They involve Assessorato alle Politiche Culturali e all’Educazione della The Getty Foundation, USA Polo Museale di Catania, Italy courses, meetings, seminars and Maria Teresa Jaquinta, Mónica García Robles, Web Administrator Regione Sicilia, Italy Helsinki University of Technology, Finland Pontifical Commission for the Cultural Heritage of the publications on a wide range of Italian Government Development Association de Développement de Tiébélé HerimendHerimed, Italy Church, Holy See Associazione Herculaneum, Italy International Co-ordinating Committee on the Safeguarding Private Committees for the Safeguarding of Venice topics, as well as technical advisory Co-operation Coordinator M. Anna Stewart, Coordinator, Training, L’Association Monégasque pour la Connaissance des Arts, and Development of the Historic Site of Angkor (ICC), Rathgen Laboratory, Germany missions and other forms of support Information & Fellowships Principauté de Monaco Cambodia Regional Secretariat of the Organization of World Heritage Botswana National Museum, Botswana ICOM-Conservation Committee (ICOM-CC) Cities for Africa and the Middle East, Tunis, Tunisia to Member States. Pilar House, Personal Assistant to the DG British School at Rome ICCD, Italy Republic of Montenegro Institute for Conservation of Cultural Elisa Ortiz, Administrative Assistant Butrint Foundation, Albania IILA, Istituto Latino Americano, Italy Monuments, Montenegro The ICCROM programmes that Sonia Santangelo, Administrative Clerk Butrint National Park, Albania Institut National du Patrimoine (INP), France Riksantikvaren (Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage) Canadian Conservation Institute (CCI), Canada Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Historico (IAPH), Seville, Robben Island Museum, South Africa were recommended by Council and Sabina Giuriati, Information Systems Clerk Canadian Museum of Nature, Canada Spain Romualdo del Bianco Foundation, Italy approved by the General Assembly Sites Unit Caribbean Regional Branch of the International Council on International Committee for the Conservation of Mosaics Royal Academy of Fine Arts, School of Architecture, Archives (ICCM) Copenhagen, Denmark for the 2006-2007 Biennium are as Joseph King, Unit Director Documentation, Library and Archives Centre de recherche sur la conservation des collections International Committee of the Blue Shield (ICBS) Samuel H. Kress Foundation follows: Paul Arenson, Manager (CRCC), France International Council of Museums (ICOM) Saneyocop (South Asian Network of Young Conservation Centre for Heritage Development in Africa (CHDA), formerly International Council on Archives (ICA) Professionals) Zaki Aslan, Project Manager, ATHAR PMDA, Mombasa, Kenya International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) SEAMEO-SPAFA (Regional Centre for Archaeology and Fine ICCROM Forum María Mata Caravaca, Archivist Centre International de la Construction en Terre - Ecole International Federation of Library Associations and Arts), Thailand Preventive conservation Webber Ndoro, Project Manager, AFRICA Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture de Grenoble (CRATerre- Institutions (IFLA) Soprintendenza archeologica di Pompei, Italy ENSAG), France International Institute for Conservation (IIC) Società Italiana per la Protezione del Patrimonio Culturale, Sharing conservation decisions 2009 Margaret Ohanessian, Library Assistant Centro de Conservação e preservação fotográfica (FUNARTE), IULM University of Languages and Communication , Italy Italy CollAsia 2010 (for Southeast Asian Brazil Istituto Centrale per il Restauro (ICR), Italy Soprintendenza alle Antichità di Ragusa, Italy Centro de Conservação Integrada Urbana e Territorial (CECI), Istituto Centrale per la Patologia del Libro (ICPL) Smithsonian Museum Conservation Institute (MCI) collections) Sadahiko Tanaka, Project Manager Gianna Paganelli, Library Assistant Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil Istituto Universitario di Architettura di Venezia, Italy Soprintendenza Archeologica di Roma, Italy Archives and libraries collections Centro di Fotoriproduzione, Legatoria e Restauro degli Library of Congress, USA Soprintendenza per i beni architettonici e per il paesaggio conservation Gamini Wijesuriya, Project Manager, Nicolina Falciglia, Technical Assistant Archivi di Stato (CFLR) LUISS University, Italy per l’Umbria, Italy Centro Europeo Venezia Ministero degli Affari Esteri, Direzione Generale per la Soprintendenza Regionale dell’Umbria, Italy Built heritage Centro Interdipartimentale di Scienza e Tecnica per la Cooperazione allo Sviluppo, Italy Soprintendenza Regionale per i Beni e le Attività Culturali AFRICA 2009 Baba Keita, Project Specialist, AFRICA Christine Georgeff, Technical Assistance Conservazione del Patrimonio Storico-Architettonico Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali, Italy della Liguria, Genoa, Italy (CISTeC), Italy Ministry of Culture, Azerbaijan South African Heritage Resources Agency ATHAR 2009 Service/Library Assistant Centro Internacional para la Conservación del Patrimonio Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Bulgaria Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (CICOP), Tenerife, Spain (ODG in 2007 no?) Ministry of Culture, Department of Antiquities and Museums, (SIDA), Sweden Valerie Magar, Conservation Specialist Administration and Logistics Centro Nacional de Conservación y Restauración (CNCR), Syrian Arab Republic Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences, Department of Santiago de Chile, Chile Ministry of Culture, Department of Antiquities, Lebanon Landscape Planning (SLU) Bruno Pisani, Manager of Finance and Centro Universitario Europeo dei Beni Culturali, Italy Ministry of Culture, Department of Cultural Heritage Tampere University of Technology, Finland Ernesto Borelli, Laboratory Coordinator Administration Chalmers University of Technology, Göteburg, Sweden Protection, Lithuania UCLA, United States of America Chefferie de Tiébélé Ministry of Culture, Monuments Protection and Sport, UNESCO, Division of Cultural Heritage, Paris, France Coalizione Italiana per la Diversità Culturale, Italy Georgia UNESCO, Division des politiques culturelles et du dialogue Elena Incerti Medici, Roberto Nahum, Information Systems Comando Carabinieri Tutela Patrimonio Culturale Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Norway interculturel, Paris, France Comité de Gestion du Tombeau des Askia, Gao, Mali Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Department for International UNESCO BRESCE, Italy Senior Administrative Assistant Administrator Comune di Ercolano, Italy Development Cooperation, Finland UNESCO Office, Amman, Jordan Commissione Nazionale Italiana per l’UNESCO, Italy Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, Department of UNESCO Office, Bangkok, Thailand Marie-France Adolphe, Administrative Alessandro Menicucci, Head of Accountancy Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), ICVBC, Italy Antiquities, Jordan UNESCO Office, Beirut, Lebanon Cultural Heritage Protection Cooperation Office, Asia/Pacific Mission Culturelle de Bandiagara UNESCO Office, New Delhi, India Assistant, AFRICA 2009 Culture Centre for UNESCO (ACCU), Japan Mombasa Old Town Conservation Office (MOTCO), Kenya UNESCO Office, Ramallah, Palestinian Territories Anna Berardino, Financial Clerk Curso de Especialização em Conservação e Restauração de Municipality of Kotor, Montenegro UNESCO Venice Office, Italy Monumentos e Conjuntos Históricos (CECRE), Brazil Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo, Norway UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Paris, France Rahel Wolde Mikael, Administrative Departamento de Ingegniería Civil, Pontificia Universidad Museum of Srem, Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia UNESCO-PROAP (UNESCO Principal Regional Office for Asia Assistant, ATHAR Maurizio Moriconi, Accountancy Clerk Católica del Perú Naaba of Kokologho and the Pacific), Bangkok, Thailand Department of Antiquities, Malawi Nara Municipality, Japan Università L. Bocconi, Milan, Italy Department of Antiquities, Tanzania National Archives of Brazil (AN), Brazil Università della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy Sonia Widmer, Administrative Assistant Cristina Parrini, Accountancy Clerk Department of Antiquities and Museums, Uganda National Board of Antiquities, Finland Università di Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy DIANA Department for Preventive Conservation, National National Centre for Arts and Culture, the Gambia Université Libanaise, Centre de Conservation et Restauration, Museum in Belgrade, Serbia National Commission for Museums and Monuments, Nigeria Tripoli, Lebanon Collections Unit Enrico Carra, Head of Logistics Direcção Geral dos Edificíos e Monumentos Nacionais, National Heritage Board, Sweden University of Botswana Catherine Antomarchi, Unit Director Portugal National Heritage Conservation Commission, Zambia University of Hong Kong, Architectural Conservation Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Bénin National Institute for Cultural Monuments, Bulgaria Programme, China Pietro Baldi, Logistics Assistant Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Burkina Faso National Monuments Council, Namibia University of Perugia, Italy Rosalia Varoli-Piazza, Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Cameroun National Museum in Belgrade, Serbia University Roma 3, Italy ICCROM Newsletter, 33 Senior Conservation Adviser Giuseppe Cioffi, Driver & Messenger Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Gabon National Museum of Ethnology, Leiden, Netherlands University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Madagascar National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe University of Nova Gorica, Slovenia June 2007 Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Niger National Museums of Kenya University of Santo Tomes, Philippines Katriina Similä, Project Manager Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Sénégal National Museums of Namibia University of Tor Vergata,Italy Direction de la Conservation du Patrimoine Culturel du Togo National Museum of the Philippines, Manila University of Urbino, Italy ISBN 92-9077-209-3 Direction du Patrimoine Culturel et du Développement National Park Service, USA University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe ISSN 1010-2639 Aparna Tandon, Project Specialist Culturel, Congo National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, Nara US/ICOMOS © ICCROM 2007 Direction Nationale du Patrimoine Culturel, Mali (NRICPN), Japan Valletta Rehabilitation Project Office, Malta Direction Régionale des Sports et de la Culture, Gao, Mali National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, Tokyo La Venaria Reale, Scuola di Alta Formazione, Centro José Luiz Pedersoli, Research Scientist DOCOMOMO International (NRICPT), Japan Conservazione Restauro, Italy Cover photograph: River Arno Ecole du Patrimoine Africain (EPA), Benin National Research Laboratory for Conservation of Cultural World Conservation Union (IUCN) Escuela de Estudios Arabes, Granada, Spain Property (NRLCP), India World Monuments Fund (WMF) and Ponte Vecchio, Florence, Isabelle d’Ailhaud de Brisis, Estonian Academy of Arts, Tallinn, Estonia ©Jupiterimages/AFP. Administrative Assistant 

Developing Partnerships: the Key to ICCROM’s Future Mounir Bouchenaki (ICCROM) It is now more than a year since I took up He also confirmed the decision of the Italian my post as Director-General of ICCROM in government to provide the organization March 2006. I would, therefore, like to take with a new headquarters in Rome, based in the opportunity in this editorial to focus on the former convent of San Francesco a Ripa, the celebrations organized at Paestum in via di San Michele, in the historic district of honour of ICCROM’s fiftieth anniversary, and Trastevere. to discuss the actions undertaken with my So, for those who know Rome, and who colleagues to make partnerships a central part know ICCROM, there is not a great change in of the development of our organization. address: it is still the same district and street, In 2006, a series of events was launched and only the number is different. which will continue until 2009 and is aimed A quick reminder of the main dates in the at celebrating the birth of the International history of ICCROM: Centre for the Study of the Preservation After the signature of the Headquarters’ and Restoration of Cultural Property, now Agreement between Italy and UNESCO on known as ‘ICCROM’, and called, until 1975, April 27, 1957 in Paris, the first premises the ‘Rome Centre’. allocated to ICCROM in 1958 were situated Thanks to the generous hospitality of at 221 Via Cavour, very close to the offices the President of the Province of Salerno, of the Istituto Centrale di Restauro (ICR), in Mr Angelo Villani, and the warm invitation compliance with the agreement. The following of Mr Ugo Picarelli, Director of the year, in 1959, ICCROM’s first Director Mediterranean Exchange for Archaeological General was nominated — the late Harold Tourism, ICCROM celebrated at Paestum the Plenderleith. fifty years of the resolution that led to its Then, in 1974, the ICCROM offices were creation, a resolution which was adopted in transferred to a building belonging to the November 1956, in New Delhi (India), by the Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities UNESCO General Conference. situated at 13, via di San Michele, where ICCROM staff members, the representatives we still are at present, waiting for the next of many of the organization’s Member States, move which should take place towards the most of its Council Members, two former end of 2008 or the beginning of 2009, when Presidents from the General Assembly renovations have been completed. and Council, and three former Directors These are the various stages marking the General, as well as many of ICCROM’s friends history of our organization that I propose and acquaintances, joined together in this to commemorate, without forgetting that beautiful and moving ceremony. a history of ICCROM is now indispensable What better site than Paestum, the most for those who seek to understand not ‘Greek’ of Italy’s sites, for the ceremony to take only how an international organization place! specialized in the study of the conservation Moreover, the Superintendent of and restoration of cultural heritage is created Antiquities of the Province of Salerno, and managed, but also, and above all, the Benevento and Avellino, Ms Giuliana Tocco, results of its actions and the impact it has rolled out a veritable red carpet for all had on the profession, a history marked by ICCROM guests, giving them the opportunity the researchers and specialists whose work to visit the archaeological site and museum of and teaching have gone hand-in-hand with Paestum, a site listed on the World Heritage ICCROM’s development over the years. Site along with the Cilento National Park The first four years (1956-9) were of and the Carthusian Monastery of Padula. immense importance to the organization, It was also the occasion to discover in the whose mandate was established by such storerooms of the museum and its laboratory experts of international reputation as Cesare the most recent finds of frescos and ceramics, Brandi. Moreover, the centenary of the and to appreciate the restoration work carried birth of Italy’s first representative to sit on out on them. ICCROM’S Council is being celebrated this Director General Francesco Scoppola, year. Let us remember, too, what the former who represented Mr Francesco Rutelli, Minister of Cultural Heritage and Activities, Minister of Cultural Heritage and Activities, Giovanna Melandri, wrote on the occasion at the occasion, underlined the importance of ICCROM’s fortieth anniversary: ‘The of the relationship of nearly half a century anticipatory vision of the “founding fathers between Italy, the host country, and ICCROM. of ICCROM” was not to make conservation a

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premise or a restoration “business”, in what from my predecessor Nicholas Stanley-Price, concerns cultural property, but rather that who was not in Italy at the time, were greatly of an on-going technical concern, supported appreciated by the numerous participants by science in the framework of a profession, present at Paestum. which at least by its vocation is, and remains, If there is one word that was repeatedly supranational. ICCROM, guided by this used in all the speeches that day, it was the vision, continues to offer both Northern and word ‘partnership’. Reinforcing partnerships Southern parts of the planet extraordinary at various levels of intervention is crucial for opportunities to meet, exchange ideas and the development of concerted approaches, understand each other.’ particularly in the area of the conservation/ Two former Presidents of the General restoration of cultural heritage training, which Assembly and of ICCROM’s Council, covers an increasingly large and complex Mr Abdelaziz Daoulatli and Mr Charles field. It is, in fact, by way of a systematic Costain, as well as the current President analysis of new data provided by the many of Council, Mr Blaine Cliver, took the institutions in charge of the conservation and opportunity of coming to Paestum to restoration of cultural heritage, used in the remind us that in fifty years ICCROM has widest sense of the meaning, that ICCROM had a considerable impact in the field of can continue to give meaning to partnership conservation and restoration of cultural actions, starting with Italy where there are property. At the same time, they also such outstanding institutions as the ICR reminded us that much remains to be done. (Istituto Centrale per il Restauro) in Rome, That is why I asked my predecessors, the Opificio delle Pietre Dure in Florence, and Mr Cevat Erder, Mr Andrzej Tomaszewski the ‘Venaria’ in Turin, already fully engaged in and Mr Marc Laenen, who were able to attend development cooperation with ICCROM. the celebration at Paestum, to speak of the Already in September 2006, the course on lessons they had learned from managing our ‘Sharing Conservation Decisions’, which took organization, and how they see ICCROM in place at the ICCROM headquarters, brought the next fifty years. All three emphasized the together the three centres cited above, as well importance of the international context in as the National Institute of Heritage in France, which ICCROM was born. They underlined the where one of the course modules took place. need to continue work already undertaken Another activity worth mentioning is in a world marked by the negative effects of the one undertaken with Italian universities globalization, climate change, and pollution, such as La Sapienza, University in Rome as well as by numerous regional conflicts, in which offered during 2006-7 a Masters which we see, sadly, cultural property targeted programme, in cooperation with UNESCO, for in the same way as civilians. Finally, while thirty students from Israeli and Palestinian acknowledging that the ICCROM of the 1960s universities. ICCROM participated in both the cannot easily be compared to the first ten years opening and closing of this training session, of the twenty-first century, they nevertheless and in courses on the protection of cultural stressed the importance and necessity of heritage. adapting to the new challenges confronting A partnership agreement with Milan’s cultural heritage in the world; an adaptation Bocconi University was signed in September which must take into account the new 2006 on a highly topical theme (cultural methodologies and applications elaborated by heritage and economic development) current laboratory research and fieldwork. highlighting an area in which international While an assessment of the actions specialist institutions like ICCROM need the taken over a half century of existence is help of economists. The first presentation undoubtedly worth undertaking, it is clear of the project took place in Milan on that ICCROM’s future will continue to rest 1 December 2006. Those present included the upon the ‘family’ of experts and specialists, President of the University, Mr Mario Monti, conservators and restorers, that ICCROM can and the President of the ASK Association, be proud to have throughout the world. Mr Paolo Fresco, who both showed much The letters of encouragement I received interest in this research project. from former Directors General Paul Philippot Contacts were made with the IULM and Sir Bernard Feilden, who were not able University of Milan and in particular with to come to Paestum, as well as the message its Rector, Professor Giovanni Puglisi,

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who is also responsible for the Presidency Archaeology in Rome, an agreement for of the Italian National Commission for which its Director, Professor Andrew UNESCO, with a view to signing a partnership Wallace, was publicly congratulated as agreement to organize the ICCROM Forum a result of the course on built heritage in 2009. The topic of the 2007 Forum is organized in Rome and in Herculaneum in ‘Privatisation and Conservation of Cultural February and March 2007, in collaboration Heritage’ and that the 2009 Forum will be with the Superintendency of Antiquities of the ‘Conservation/Restoration of Cultural Pompei and Herculaneum, directed by our Heritage and Communication’. In agreement colleague and friend Piero Guzzo. with Mr Nicola Lenza, the Cultural Assessor In terms of enlarging the partnerships for Sicily, and following his kind invitation, with large international specialist the 2007 Forum will take place from 13 to 15 institutions, the agreement signed in Los September of this year, in Catania, and will Angeles in September 2006 with the Getty receive support from the Foundation Banco di Conservation Institute must be noted, as Sicilia. The 2009 Forum will take place at the well as the fruitful contacts established with IULM University. This collaboration comes on the directors of the Getty Foundation. These the heels of a study day on intangible heritage further strengthen our ties with this long- organized by the University on 16 May 2007 standing partner. which ICCROM participated in. One first positive result was the Invited by the Polytechnic University organization in Rome, in record time, of Turin, ICCROM took part in a meeting of a meeting of Latin American experts organized for the Mayors of Italian Cities during the week of 16-20 April 2007. registered on the World Heritage List. It This meeting, which received support was an opportunity to introduce ICCROM’s from the Getty Foundation, had been role and mission as a consultative body in organized in partnership with the IILA the implementation of the 1972 Convention (Istituto Italo-Latino-Americano) based on the Protection of the World Cultural on an agreement signed with its Secretary and Natural Heritage. The Rector of the General, Ambassador Paolo Bruni. For University, Mr Francesco Profumo, along with those who are familiar with the history of his colleagues in charge of the Department cooperation with Latin America, this was of Architecture, expressed interest in the first time that ICCROM has organized establishing a partnership with ICCROM to such an interdisciplinary consultative train architects specialized in the restoration meeting for the region. Its importance has of historical monuments. been noted elsewhere at a high level by It is in this same spirit of consultation and two Secretaries of State (at the Ministry complementarity that contact was established of Cultural Heritage and Activities and with the Polytechnic University in Milan, the at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs), and University of Trento, and the University of by numerous ambassadors from Latin Bologna. America and the Caribbean, by the Even in Rome, initial contacts with Ambassador of the Latin Union, and by the Superintendent of Antiquities, and four Members of ICCROM’s Council. particularly with Professor Angelo Bottini, Another partnership in the works is one paved the way for the launching of several that takes a regional approach to training in initiatives and the facilitation of scientific and the conservation of Mediterranean mosaics. technical exchanges, such as the organization ICCROM has started developing this in of a meeting of the Scientific Committees of partnership with the Getty Conservation ICOMOS, our partner, at the Museo Nazionale, Institute, the Superintendent of the Piazza thereby opening later contacts with the Armerina in Sicily and the Foundation representatives of all the foreign scientific Ravenna Antica for Mosaics, both situated institutions with headquarters in the Italian on world heritage sites. Here again ICCROM capital. will play the role of mediator and facilitator, Strengthening collaboration with with the participation of such recognized prestigious scientific institutions at the experts in the field as Ms Aïcha Ben Abed, heart of the international community was Director of Historic Monuments, at the ICCROM’s objective in signing a collaboration National Institute of Tunisian Heritage. agreement with the British School of

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In terms of contacts with Member States, The European region is also a concern. ICCROM has had the privilege of receiving on As well as the courses organized in Rome two occasions during 2006, His Excellency, and in Sondheim, Norway, an activity in Mr Zhang Xiang, China’s Vice Minister Berlin was programmed on the occasion of Education, President of the Executive of the German Presidency during the Council of UNESCO for the 2006-7 Biennium, first semester of the EU Council 2007. In and former President of the World Heritage this way, thanks to a partnership between Committee. His visit was followed by those the Rathgen Forschungslabor–Staatliche of other high level Chinese cultural heritage Museen zu Berlin, the German National authorities, including that of the President Commission for UNESCO, and ICCROM, an of ICOMOS-China, and the Director of the international seminar was took place on 15- Department of Architecture of Shanghai’s 16 June 2007, in the German capital, on the Tongji University. theme: ‘Public-Private Partnership in the Well-known for its activities at the heart of Management of Cultural Heritage Assets: a the centenary university, this Department was European Challenge ‘. chosen to be the headquarters of the future I would like to mention, among other Regional Centre for World Heritage in Asia. things, ICCROM’s participation at the fourth A cooperation agreement was established Rencontres Internationales of Monaco between the Department, the World Heritage and the Mediterranean on ‘Mediterranean Centre of UNESCO, and ICCROM, with the Maritime Heritage: Cultural, Natural formal signing ceremony taking place 10 May and Subaquatic Heritage for Sustainable 2007 in Shanghai. This partnership opens Development in the Mediterranean’ held at new avenues for ICCROM in Asia, where it the Museum of Oceanography in Monaco, has an excellent reputation, thanks partly to 22-24 March 2007 — almost certainly a the courses organized in Japan and partly to key event in the process that led to the the CollAsia 2010 programme that targets Principality of Monaco becoming a member countries in South East Asia. of ICCROM. The presence of Prince Albert II at The contacts with the Nordic countries, these Rencontres, which I had the honour of and with foundations such as the Foundation chairing, emphasized the commitment of the of the Banco di San Paolo in Turin, and Principality and its government to support the Foundation Romualdo Del Bianco in the conservation of Euro-Mediterranean Florence, allow us to continue the initiatives cultural heritage. launched by our predecessors and colleagues Finally, let us not forget the Pacific in Central and South-East Europe, as well Region and ICCROM’s regional approach, as the training of specialists in heritage as demonstrated at the 32nd Session of the conservation in Africa within the AFRICA World Heritage Committee which took 2009 programme. This region continues place at Christchurch from 22 June to 2 July to be a priority for ICCROM. The missions 2007 and chaired by the Chief of the Maori regularly undertaken by EPA (Ecole du community of New Zealand, Mr Tumu. Patrimoine Africain) in Benin and CHDA The occasion provided an opportunity to (Centre for Heritage Development in Africa) discuss possible cooperation with the Pacific in Kenya bear witness to the commitment of Region, as well as setting up joint training the community of African experts. programmes. ICCROM was also honoured by a Other efforts must be agreed upon to special visit of Chief Tumu and his delegation broaden actions in the Arab world undertaken during the summer of 2006. within the framework of the ATHĀR Since ICCROM is no longer, as it was in the programme, but already the contact made in 1960s, the only institution of international 2006 with ALECSO (Arab League Educational, stature to provide training for specialists Cultural and Scientific organization) has borne in museums, monuments, and historical fruit in a partnership agreement and in the sites, it should now focus on developing decision to use the V.Sat Centre to facilitate partnerships to serve as a platform for long-distance training for the majority of exchanges and as a centre of excellence. The Arab countries. Other partnership projects are success of its mission resides in reinforcing being studied, particularly with the Emirate of its capacity to bring its unique know-how Sharjah and Libya’s Department of Antiquities. and experience to the international stage.

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ICCROM News and Events

ICCROM’s 50th anniversary Fellows 2006-7 ICCROM opened its anniversary celebrations The following were awarded ICCROM at the IXth Mediterranean Exchange for fellowships: Archaeological Tourism in Paestum, Italy, Alberto Martorell Carreño, to advance in November 2006. The ceremony marked understanding of the category of ‘heritage the fiftieth anniversary of the passing at the channels’ or ‘heritage routes’ (Peru). 1956 General Conference of UNESCO, held Victoria Momeva-Altiparmakovska, to in New Delhi, India, of Resolution 4.15 examine management approaches for rural which led to the founding of ICCROM as an heritage (The Former Yugoslav Republic of intergovernmental organization. Macedonia). Subsequently, on 27 April 1957, the Trinidad Pasies Oviedo, to work on Director-General of UNESCO, Luther Evans, treatments of conservation and restoration in and the Italian Government signed a formal situ of Roman mosaic pavements (Spain). agreement in Paris for the establishment in Franciza Lima Toledo, to investigate Italy of the International Centre for the Study preventive conservation of collections in of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural historic buildings (Brazil). Property, then known as the ‘Rome Centre’. The Paestum event was attended by Interns 2006-7 diplomats from many of ICCROM’s Member The following took up internships during the States, international institutions such as year: UNESCO and ALECSO, representatives of Victoire Adegbidi (EPA Fund), national and regional institutions in Italy, establishment of financing mechanisms for the ICCROM Council, and past and present the rehabilitation of Afro-Brazilian houses in members of ICCROM staff including three of Porto-Novo (Benin). the former Directors General. Anna Español Costa (Library and Archives), Dossiers Institutionnels New Member States collection, containing pamphlets and Since the publication of the last newsletter, brochures describing heritage institutions three more countries have joined ICCROM as worldwide; image collection of earthen member states, bringing the total to 120. The architecture (Spain). Lao People’s Democratic Republic became a Christine Oliveira de Chaves (Library and member on 21 June 2006, the Seychelles on 5 Archives), digitization and catalogue of slides October 2006, and Lesotho on 1 July 2007. illustrating deterioration of cultural heritage (United States). Staff News Federico Eisner (Sites Unit), tests of During the year ICCROM said goodbye to two solubility of the most used natural binders; members of staff: Geraldine Fructuoso who investigation of gas chromatography and mass had served as Administrative Assistant in the spectrometry methods (Uruguay). Office of the Director-General since 2003 and Camille Girard-Ruel (Collections Unit), Meriem Boudjelti, Coordinator of the highly enhancement of awareness information on successful EPA fund. the ICCROM web site (Canada). The Director-General of ICCROM, Mounir Ping Kong (Sites Unit), Living Heritage Bouchenaki, was the recipient of the Chevalier Sites Programme (China). de l’Ordre national de la Légion d’honneur Susan Reynolds (Sites Unit), development (France) in recognition of his outstanding of a new Built Heritage Course; and assessment contribution through his work at UNESCO to the of the need for a special thematic course on protection of cultural diversity, and the Golden structural issues for the preservation of the Maim Frasheri Order Medal (Albania) for his built heritage (United States). contribution to the international popularization Tara Sharma (Sites Unit), Living Heritage of Albanian cultural heritage values. Sites Programme (India). Katriina Similä, Project Manager in Kerstin Stamm, preparation of the 2007 the Collections Unit, received the Cross of ICCROM Forum on the Privatization of Merit of the Order of the Lion of Finland Conservation (Germany). in recognition of her contribution to the Annie Tubadji (Collections Unit), development of the field of museum and Teamwork for Integrated Emergency archives conservation. Management (Bulgaria).

ICCROM Newsletter 33, June 2007 

ICCROM Courses: November Joanna Wasko (Collections Unit), when the Arno swamped the city’s museums 2006–April 2007 preparation and implementation of the Sharing and churches on 4 November, 1966, damaging ATHAR Programme: Specialized Conservation Decisions course (Poland). paintings, frescoes, and rare books. During Course on Documentation and the salvage campaign, in which ICCROM Management of Heritage Sites ARC96: 10-year reunion played a coordinating role (see overleaf), in the Arab Region, Bosra, Syria and Umm Qais (Gedara), Jordan. In June 2006, participants and lecturers he enlarged the restoration laboratories 18 November – 12 December from the ARC96 (Architectural Conservation in Florence and stressed a more scientific 2006. Organized by ICCROM in Course 1996) held a 10-year reunion at approach to conservation. Subsequently, all collaboration with ALECSO (The Arab League Educational, Cultural ICCROM in Rome. The event provided an of the Florentine state restoration laboratories and Scientific Organization), DGAM opportunity for ICCROM to discuss with were integrated into a new organization, (General Directorate of Antiquities & participants the impact of the course the Opificio delle Pietre Dure, of which he Museums, Ministry of Culture, Syria), DoA (Department of Antiquities, on their subsequent careers, and for the became the first director from 1970 to 1983. Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities, participants themselves to offer their ideas He was subsequently appointed Director Jordan); and the Italian Government about ICCROM’s forthcoming course on Built of the Istituto Centrale del Restauro (ICR) Development Cooperation Heritage Conservation. We look forward to and continued his close collaboration with CollAsia 2010 Field Project participants from other courses organizing ICCROM. He directed this institute until he on Teamwork for Sustainable similar events! retired in 1987. Collections Care, Hanoi, Vietnam. 8 January – 9 February 2007. Organized by ICCROM, SEAMEO- New publications from ICCROM Agnes Ballestrem 1935–2007 SPAFA (SEAMEO Regional Centre for The papers from the 2005 ICCROM Forum Agnes Ballestrem had a long career Archaeology and Fine Arts) and the Department of Cultural Heritage, have now been published as Cultural specializing in the conservation of Ministry of Culture and Information, Heritage in Postwar Recovery: Papers from the polychrome sculpture. In 1973, she Viet Nam, in collaboration with the ICCROM Forum held on October 4-6, 2005 became the head of conservation at the National Museum of Vietnamese History, Hanoi, the Vietnam Museum (edited by Nicholas Stanley-Price). Denkmalpflege in Bonn and, from 1984 of Ethnology, Hanoi, and the Getty Introducing Young People to Heritage Site until her retirement, she worked for the Foundation. Management and Protection: A practical Netherlands Institute for Cultural Heritage. International Course: Conservation of Guide for Secondary School Teachers in the ICCROM benefited greatly over several Built Heritage 2007, ICCROM, Rome. Arab region is in a second edition and is now decades from the commitment and insight 1 February – 30 March 2007. available in English and Arabic. of Agnes Ballestrem. She was a member and Introduction to Preventive There is now also an Arabic translation of vice-chairman of the ICCROM Council from Conservation with Focus on Textile Risk Preparedness: a Management Manual for 1977 to 1985, and sat on the Standards and Collections, Ulaan Baatar, Mongolia. World Cultural Heritage (by Herb Stovel). Training Committee. Her contribution to 19 March – 6 April 2007. Organized by UNESCO in collaboration with All these books can be acquired online the development of the organization was ICCROM and the Zanabazar Museum from the ICCROM bookshop. recognized with the award of the ICCROM of Fine Arts. Prize in 1995. ICCROM Web News 2007 Field School of the UNESCO- ICCROM Asian Academy for Heritage The addition of a new search engine Robin Letellier 1944–2007 Management (AAHM): Cultural implemented by Google has improved the Robin Letellier joined Parks Canada Impact Assessment and Maritime Archaeology, Galle, Sri Lanka. use of the web site. At present, the free shortly after graduation in 1970 from Laval 1 – 9 April 2007. text search includes both the web site and University in Quebec and had reached the associated pdf documents, and also includes position of Chief of the Heritage Recording ATHAR Programme: Core Regional Course on Conservation of an option to search the Library Catalogue. Services Division, Heritage Conservation Heritage Sites in the Arab Region, A monthly electronic news digest Programme by the time of his retirement Amman, Jordan. 10 June - 12 July is available, featuring links to items on in 1997. For more than twenty years, he 2007. Organized by ICCROM in collaboration with ALECSO (The recent ICCROM activities and programmes, was a regular lecturer on aspects of heritage Arab League Educational, Cultural forthcoming courses, information on recording at many of ICCROM’s courses. He and Scientific Organization); conservation events worldwide, grants, job taught, for example, at the Architectural DoA (Department of Antiquities, Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities, opportunities, and new web sites. It currently Conservation Course (ARC) from 1986 to Jordan); UNESCO- Amman Office; has 7,000 subscribers. To receive this digest, 1998, and at the International Course on the Yarmouk University, Jordan, and the visit the ICCROM home page and sign up. Preservation of the Earthen Architectural Italian Government Development Cooperation. Heritage from 1989 to 1996. He was also an Obituaries active member of ICOMOS, serving in various positions on the International Committee for Umberto Baldini 1921–2006 Architectural Photogrammetry. Umberto Baldini was head of the ‘Gabinetto di Restauro’ in the Uffizi premises, Florence

ICCROM Newsletter 33, June 2007 

Giorgio Lombardi 1941–2006 source of fundamental information on ICCROM Courses (cont’d) Giorgio Lombardi, a former ICCROM lecturer, conservation of all types of collections Reducing Risks to Collections Course, had an international career that included throughout the world. Together with Sibiu, Romania. 18 June – 6 July 2007. designing master plans for the town of colleagues, he conceived the ICCROM course Organized by ICCROM and the CCI (Canadian Conservation Institute), in Brescia, and for cities of South America on ‘Scientific Principles of Conservation’, collaboration with and the Ministry such as Cartagena to Montevideo. He had which was launched in Rome in 1974. He of Culture and Religious Affairs, a long association with ICCROM, lecturing continued to teach on ICCROM courses until Romania, the National Museum Complex ‘ASTRA’, ICN (Netherlands on the Architectural Conservation Courses 1989. Institute for Cultural Heritage), CMN (ARC) from 1983 to 1993, covering topics (Canadian Museum of Nature) and such as the ‘Theory and methodology of Gertrude Tripp 1914–2006 the National Museum in Belgrade, Diana Department for Preventive urban conservation’ and ‘Historic centres of Gertrude Tripp was the last witness to Conservation. Venice and Florence in the context of World the events that marked the progress of Heritage’. conservation in Austria in the immediate Africa 2009 5th Technical Course on preparing nominations for the post World War II era. She joined the Central World Heritage List, Rwanda. 2-27 José María Losada Aranguren 1948–2007 Department for Monument Protection in July 2007. Organized by ICCROM in José María Losada was a museologist who 1939. After World War II she was appointed collaboration with the UNESCO World Heritage Centre, CRATerre-ENSAG, EPA specialized in the planning and renovation Head of Monument Preservation and (Ecole du patrimoine africain), CHDA of public museums. He was the founding Conservation for Upper Austria. In 1961, (Centre for Heritage Development Director of the Spanish National Science she became Deputy President of the Federal in Africa) and the Ministère de la Jeunesse de la Culture et des Sports, and Technology Museum (MNCT) and Office of Historic Monuments. Rwanda. Assistant Director General of the Instituto del She was active in the international arena Patrimonio Histórico Español (IPHE). He later and was one of the five members of ICCROM’s Africa 2009 9th Regional Course on Conservation & Management of became Technical Adviser at the Subdirección first full council, serving as a Council Immovable Cultural Heritage in sub- General de Museos Estatales. He was also Member from 1960 to 1969. She was among Saharian Africa, Mombasa, Kenya. 23 patron and member of the Advisory Scientific the signatories of the Venice Charter in 1964 July – 12 October 2007. Organized by ICCROM in collaboration with CHDA Committee of the MNCT Foundation. His in her capacity as Austrian representative to (Centre for Heritage Development contribution to ICCROM was highly valued. this congress. As well as receiving various in Africa) and National Museums of He was a Council Member from 1992 to 2005, Austrian honours, she was the recipient Kenya. President of the XVIIIth General Assembly in of the ICCROM Award in 1981 and of the SOIMA 2007: Safeguarding sound 1993, and was a strong advocate for ICCROM’s ICOMOS Gazzola Prize in 1990, both given in and image collections, Rio de Janeiro, programmes in Latin America. recognition of her life’s work. Belo Horizonte and São Paulo, Brazil. 6-31 August 2007. Organized by ICCROM and AN (National Archives of Gilles Nourissier 1954–2007 Brazil), in collaboration with Federal Gilles Nourissier was a founder of the Ecole University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (Graduate Programme in d’Avignon and was serving as its director at Arts, CECOR – Center for Conservation the time of his death. He was particularly and Restoration of Cultural Movable active in ICOMOS, where he was a member Property), Brazil, Cinemateca Brasileira São Paulo, CRCDG (Centre of the International Training Committee de Recherches sur la Conservation and served as Secretary General of ICOMOS des Documents Graphiques), France, France. At ICCROM, he collaborated with the CCAAA (Coordinating Council of Audiovisual Archives Associations), NAMEC programme between 1998 and 2001, United Kingdom, ECPA (European in particular on the Cours du Patrimoine du Commission on Preservation and Maghreb. This collaboration was linked to Access), Masters Degree Program in Moving Image Archiving and his work on the CORPUS project, a seventeen- Preservation, New York University, country partnership within the framework USA, Office of Records Services, of the Euromed Heritage Programme National Archives and Records Administration, USA. dealing with traditional architecture in the Mediterranean area. Garry Thomson 1926–2007 Garry Thomson was Scientific Adviser to the Trustees and Head of the Scientific Department at the National Gallery, London from 1960 until his retirement in 1985. He was the author of The Museum Environment, first published in 1978, which became a

ICCROM Newsletter 33, June 2007 

Remembering the Florence Flood Maria Teresa Jaquinta and Maria Mata Caravaca (ICCROM)

In the early morning of 4 November 1966, quite rapidly emergency teams in Florence following two days of heavy rain, the Arno exhausted materials and a frantic search began River embankment gave way in Florence. for items such as Japanese paper, acrylic resins Huge landslides cut the city off from the rest and their solvents. ICCROM soon became the of Italy and a wall of water in places up to 6.7 channel through which help and materials m flooded through the old town. An estimated were distributed and within a week of the flood 14,000 movable works of art were affected by UNESCO and the Italian government had formally the flood; in the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale invited ICCROM to act as the ‘focal point for the alone, over one million books were damaged, reception of offers of help in kind or of persons’. including many old and rare volumes. It was The first shipment of equipment was an unprecedented loss and, forty years on, quickly dispatched and used in interventions in November 2006, a programme of events on damaged paintings in the Uffizi Gallery. was staged in Florence to commemorate The paintings posed a huge problem. We the disaster. ICCROM was invited to give a all knew that a waterlogged painting, if still talk at the State Archives in Florence on hung, had to be taken down, laid flat, and left the role it played in the days following the to dry slowly to allow enough time to shrink flood. The memory of that time is fragile and and to avoid possible cracking and consequent the main protagonists are no longer active. loss. However, it simply wasn’t possible to Here we present a short account of ICCROM’s remove the paintings without some loss through participation, as recorded in the ICCROM flaking. We decided, not without arguments Below: storage areas of the Archivio di Stato of Florence flooded by muddy Archive, interspersed with quotes from Giorgio between myself and Giovanni Urbani, at the water. Torraca as recounted in a recent interview. time Director of the Italian Central Institute of Bottom: volunteers recover books Professor Torraca was at the time the Scientific Restoration, to coat the pictures with Paraloid, covered in mud. Assistant to the Rome Centre, as ICCROM was a technique we had already tried out in known in those early days. Tarquinia using a water resistant solvent. Harold Plenderleith had stopped in Florence Throughout this period, ICCROM was in on his trip by car from Great Britain to Rome. constant communication with UNESCO, sending It was the day before the flood. The Hotel progress reports which included, as the archives Helvetia, close to Ponte Vecchio, where he spent attest, lists of institutional needs, inventories of the night, remained isolated for three days. damage, details of emergency treatments and of As well his car, the first Director of the Rome the number of volunteers arriving from abroad. Centre also lost his precious stamp collection Its coordinating role proved crucial. in the flood, so you could say that our first The international interest in Florence was mission to Florence was to save the Director! enormous. Very many restorers arrived in Once the director had been rescued, an Florence, but in some case, as is understandable, emergency mission to Florence was jointly local restorers didn’t want outsiders to touch organized by the Italian Istituto Centrale per il the works of art. On the other hand, the State Restauro (ICR) and ICCROM. Both organizations Archives and the National Library accepted were very young and collaboration between assistance from anyone who offered. In fact, the two was extensive at the time. This initial the National Library didn’t even have a

CFLR (Centro di Fotoriproduzione, Legatoria e Restauro degli Archivi di Stato) degli Archivi e Restauro Legatoria di Fotoriproduzione, CFLR (Centro visit was to assess the conservation needs, but conservation laboratory. It built one after the flood, with the assistance of British experts. ICCROM continued to work in Florence, and indeed in Venice, which coincidentally had also suffered from flooding at the same time, for another two years. The ICCROM Archive records a total of eighty-five missions related to the cities’ plight between 1996 and 1998. We shall let Professor Torraca have the last word. Of course, the flood was a major disaster for the heritage of Florence, but what I also recall is the wonderful spirit of international co-operation that prevailed at the time and the selflessness of the volunteers who came to the city’s rescue. ICCROM can be proud of the part it played in the aftermath of that terrible event.

ICCROM Newsletter 33, June 2007 

CollAsia 2010: Teaming Up Katriina Similå (ICCROM)

Working together seems like a straight- forward idea — it makes sense in more ways than one: sharing ideas, coming up with more efficient ways to do things, getting rid of duplication of efforts, to mention just a few. However, we all know that efficient team work is sometimes difficult to implement, and it is not always easy to identify the reasons why. Developing our capacity to understand the nature of processes in our institutions and our daily work, and trying out different approaches to building sound practices on big and small aspects, can lead to great results. CollAsia 2010 has as one of its core aims the strengthening of the networks in southeast Asia in order to pool ideas and resources and an opportunity for the national professional Left: Participants in the field project in revitalising our ways of working. During the community to collaborate in new ways and thus Hanoi (January 2007). first half of the seven-year programme, the to learn more about the character and practices Right: Painted wood panel in the planning and implementation of different of different institutional frameworks. National Museum of Vietnamese History. types of activities, as well as the interactive In the beginning of 2007, CollAsia 2010 learning methodology of the workshops, have continued to address the theme of storage addressed our capacity to work together. This through the programme’s first field project is true for institutions as well as individual which took place in Vietnam. It was related professionals. Cultural differences exist not to a concrete task to be performed on a real only between countries and continents, but collection by the end of the activity. During CollAsia 2010 between professionals from different areas of the five weeks in Hanoi a group of over twenty CollAsia 2010 is a seven year specialization and institutions, which have people from the region and beyond worked programme aimed at improving developed practices and ways of thinking that together to bring about an improvement in the conservation conditions of Southeast Asian heritage collections. are taken for granted in our daily work. This the storage room for organic materials in the The target countries of the has highlighted the importance of improving National Museum of Vietnamese History, as programme are Brunei Darussalam, our communication skills as a crucial element well as contributing to the planning process Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, for effective and efficient team work. of a new building of the Vietnam Museum Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste In 2006, Manila in the Philippines was the of Ethnology. The interrelation of theory and and Vietnam. The programme is venue for the CollAsia 2010 workshop on practice sessions, the groups discussions, and jointly implemented by ICCROM and SPAFA (SEAMEO Regional Centre for ‘Conservation of Southeast Asian Collections in the hands-on work ensured that ideas and Archaeology and Fine Arts), based in Storage’, which aimed at consolidating capacity actions were tested immediately in relation to Bangkok, Thailand. to implement effective long-term strategies each other. Assessing risks to the collection, The CollAsia 2010 programme’s for the adequate care and management of thinking about what could and should be done, objectives are: collections in storage. Storage is often seen elaborating a work plan and carrying it out, all as the most passive aspect of museums and in smaller or larger groups of colleagues, was a • increased awareness and knowledge about objects in other heritage institutions. However, objects unique opportunity for everyone involved. Asian collections (materials, and people move more than we think, and As the CollAsia 2010 programme looks construction methods, sensitivity the character of the institution affects what forward to the second half of its seven and conservation); • increased capacity of institutions kind of strategies are meaningful. In order to years, the experiences so far with building and increased resources for explore this as fully as possible the workshop partnerships both within the region professionals to implement engaged a wide variety of partners. Two and beyond are a great encouragement. conservation strategies, including local preventive conservation leading institutions in the country, the National Continuing to strengthen and diversify initiatives; Museum of the Philippines and the University this dimension of the programme is a key • functional tools to support the of Santo Tomas, formed the core partnership. component for achieving sustainable results. dynamic development and interaction of regional networks of Sixteen different institutions supported the The core strength of all collaboration and institutions and professionals. event, both private and public, large and teamwork is a commitment to a shared vision. small, ranging from the Central Bank of the As the professional community working Please consult the CollAsia 2010 website (www.collasia2010.org) for Philippines to the Archdiocesan Archives of with collections of Southeast Asian heritage updates on recent events, didactic Manila, to the Asian Development Bank, and to continue to sharpen and consolidate this resources, and information on future the World Heritage site of San Agustin Church. vision, joining forces will become more and activities. This international workshop also provided more a natural way of moving ahead.

ICCROM Newsletter 33, June 2007 10

Advancing Research in Risk Management Applications to Cultural Property Agnes Brokerhof, Veerle Meul, Stefan Michalski, José Luiz Pedersoli Júnior

Authors Cultural property is vulnerable to various risks the risks and display them in a clear and Agnes Brokerhof, Senior Scientist, because of its diverse material composition, understandable way. The complete model Netherlands Institute for Cultural its geographical spread, and its values. Those itself, running behind the interface, will be Heritage (ICN). risks range from rare and catastrophic events complex and contain large amounts of data Veerle Meul, Inspector, State to continual and slow damaging processes. and expert judgments. As users develop Inspectorate for Cultural Heritage, the The magnitude of a given risk depends on the familiarity with the tool, it will be possible Netherlands (until May 2007); Advisor combination of its likelihood (event) or rate for them to build increasingly more detailed Historic Interiors, Monument Watch Flanders, Belgium (from June 2007). (process), and the extent of loss in value to pictures of their situation, store them on cultural property it is expected to cause. the web page, and receive increasingly more Stefan Michalski, Senior Scientist, The ability to identify risks comprehensively, precise estimates of their risks. Users may also Canadian Conservation Institute. to estimate correctly their magnitude and choose to ask very focused risk assessment José Luiz Pedersoli Júnior, Research associated uncertainties, to devise cost-effective questions, such as an estimate of the rate of Scientist, ICCROM. solutions to treat those risks, and to communicate fading of a coloured artifact, or the risk of clearly with stakeholders throughout this process cracking due to humidity fluctuations. Risk management research offers a powerful way to deal with risks. This is A prototype model of overall collection the basis of risk management. risk was developed in 2006 using a software The risk management-oriented research presented in this article is a ICCROM is now collaborating with tool called Analytica®. At the same time, work component of ICCROM’s Preventive leading partners and experts to promote and started on individual models of well-studied Conservation Programme – Reducing disseminate the application of risk management risks such as aging of archive materials at warm Risks to Collections carried out in collaboration with the following in the field of cultural property. As well as temperatures and high humidity. The software institutions and professionals: providing training activities and networking is well suited to building complex models by platforms in risk management to heritage using smaller models as building blocks, and Canadian Conservation Institute (CCI) Netherlands Institute for Cultural professionals, ICCROM and partners are also to sharing the process amongst many different Heritage (ICN) carrying out research to address major current experts around the world. A first version of the Robert Waller - Canadian Museum of challenges to the widespread application of risk risk assessment model for testing by users is Nature (CMN) Veerle Meul - State Inspectorate for management by the conservation community. expected to be available within two years. Cultural Heritage, the Netherlands Those challenges include: 1) the need for a (until May 2007); Monument Watch robust, comprehensible, and widely accessible Pooling of benchmark scenarios Flanders, Belgium (from June 2007). risk-based decision-making method and Carrying out a risk assessment involves This partnership also includes the support tools; 2) the need for technical and developing scenarios for the identified risks. promotion and dissemination of risk scientific data and information from several A scenario describes a specific risk so that it management in conservation practice through training, e.g. the ‘Reducing fields (e.g. materials science, climatology, can be assessed. It tells the story about what is Risks to Collections’ international seismology, criminology, entomology) to expected to happen in a certain context, location courses, participation in professional support the use of that method; 3) the need for or situation, from the beginning (the hazard or meetings, and publications. consistent estimates of loss in value to cultural source) to the end (the loss in value), taking into property due to material damage. account all mitigating and magnifying factors. To quantify the risk it makes use of the current Risk-based decision-making method and state of knowledge about probabilities, rates support tools and impact. It is written in such a way that the Current research in this topic has been reader can follow and understand it without focusing on the development of a ‘user- being a technical expert. Thus it provides an friendly’ web-based tool for assessing risks entry point to the huge source of scientific to collections. This work has been carried data on the subject that is scattered around the out in close consultation with a risk analyst world. Experience in applying and teaching risk specialized in the design of such tools in the assessment of heritage collections demonstrates area of human health. The interdisciplinary that an important resource for assessors is a pool nature of this work is very fruitful given the of scenarios made by experts in real situations. many macro-similarities between the topics A first set of reference scenarios has been of human health and collection ‘health’. developed by the research team collaborating At the heart of the tool will be a model on this topic. This exercise has served to of the risks to the user’s collection, such improve our ability to write unambiguous as light fading, earthquakes, vandalism, scenarios and to develop a consistent working etc. As the user enters specific information practice. The scenarios, the template and the about the situation of the collection in her guidelines that resulted from the exercise or his institution through a user-friendly, are now being used as teaching material. interactive interface, the model will calculate Meanwhile this scenario pool is a tool for

ICCROM Newsletter 33, June 2007 11

compiling data on specific risks. As the scenarios are discussed and peer reviewed they offer a basis for growing and expanding knowledge. For users who find themselves in slightly different circumstances, the reference provides directions for how and where to find applicable data. Since scenario writing focuses the author on available data, it confronts one also with a lack thereof. Thus the scenario pool helps define areas for future research. While the scenario pool is under construction the ‘scenario pool team’ consists of only a small number of experienced risk assessors. In future the entire group of heritage professionals trained and involved in risk assessment may contribute to creating a larger, open pool where ��������� ������� knowledge can be shared worldwide, so that a ���� ������� �������������� ������� ����������� �������� risk management community of practice can be ��������� �������������� created and continuously enhanced. ������� ����� �������������� �������������� ���� ����������� �������� Loss of value estimation ������� ����������� ���������� ������� ����������� Collection risk assessment places values and significance at the heart of decision making in ������� ���������� �������� �������� ���� ������� ����������� �������� ������� ���� ������� ����������� cultural heritage conservation management, ������� ������ ������� the aim of which is to deliver the collection to some future point in time with as little loss in ������� ��������� ����� �������������� �������� ��������� ���� ����������� ������ value as possible. ������������ ������� An explorative study into the available �������� ������������� sources for informing value judgments in ���� ����������� ������ cultural heritage risk assessment is being �������� undertaken within this collaborative �������� ������������� ������ �������������� �������� research framework. The focus is on ������� ������������� ���������� procedures for assessing values in current �������� ������ ����� heritage practice, especially on complexes �������� ���� ������������� ������� of movable and immovable heritage, and ������������������� ����� on values-based conservation. Value- ������������������������� based conservation focuses on managing a longer tradition in discussing losses and ������������������� the change of a resource in ways that will change, as in impact assessments. sustain its values and significance. The Judgment of loss in value should start with �������������������������� study argues that a formal assessment an assessment of the expected change in state. of significance should precede the value Then it has to be established what values are judgments in the risk assessment for affected and what the loss of value will be. cultural heritage. Related disciplines, such Hence, the study raises the question if risk as environmental conservation, health care, identification should be focused more sharply anthropology and economics have been on the significance and value of heritage itself. explored for similar concepts. Both concepts rely on sound, transparent Top: the scenario pool team meeting at The loss-in-value judgment is problematic and participatory judgment and decision ICCROM in March 2007. because it explores the un-established link making. Success depends on sharing and Bottom right: the ‘influence diagram’ of between the material reality of an asset and calibrating it with all relevant stakeholders. the collection risk model in Analytica® its intangible qualities. How much value is Therefore, stakeholder analysis, group showing the relationships among the lost when the object changes physically? consensus and multiple criteria decision- different components of the model. Judgments on losses are formalized in making in particular are explored. Bottom left: A significant ensemble of designation and listing, and in museum A report with the results of this movable and immovable heritage in the collection policies such as de-accessioning. exploratory study, including a glossary and Museum Huis Doorn, The Netherlands. They are crucial to values-based conservation. annotated bibliography, will soon be available Site and environmental conservation show on ICCROM’s website.

ICCROM Newsletter 33, June 2007 12

New International Course on Conservation of Built Heritage Joe King, Valerie Magar and Gamini Wijesuriya (ICCROM)

International Course on In 2007, ICCROM re-launched an international the cultural basis for conservation decision- Conservation of Built Heritage course on ‘Conservation of Built Heritage’ making were highlighted. Emerging concepts 1 February – 30 March 2007 marking the return to Rome of a regular course such as sustainability, culture-nature Rome, Italy on architectural conservation. The course is interaction, and the historic urban landscapes intended to be the flagship activity of the newly were also discussed. Twenty-two participants from diverse backgrounds (architects, established Programme for the Conservation The second part of the course provided archaeologists, planners, engineers of Built Heritage (2006–15) as approved by the opportunities to present and compare etc.) took part in the course. General Assembly in November 2005. different planning and management models. ICCROM staff together with nearly The new eight-week course (CBH 07) was It began with a review of management thirty resources persons from held in Rome from 1 February to 30 March systems currently in use in different parts many parts of the world brought 2007 and will be repeated every two years. of the world, followed by lectures on legal their conservation experience and teaching skills to enrich the course. The topic of the course reflects ICCROM’s long and institutional frameworks. Conservation history of offering training in this field. This planning at national and site levels, including Partners includes previous courses on architectural at World Heritage sites, was then discussed. International Centre for the Study of Herculaneum (Centro internazionale conservation (ARC), stone and wood The importance of the application of strategic per gli studi di Herculaneum) conservation, and the Integrated Territorial thinking in heritage management was Soprintendenza archeologica di and Urban Conservation programme (ITUC). highlighted and the value of an integrated Pompei Comune di Ercolano In designing this particular course, participatory approach stressed. The British School at Rome ICCROM has drawn upon decades of Major topics of the third part of the course experience as well as recent international included information and documentation, trends and thinking on the conservation of condition assessments and conservation built heritage, a topic which covers buildings, practices. sites, historic cities and cultural landscapes. The role of information in the The 2007 course aimed at serving a conservation decision-making process was wide range of conservation practitioners highlighted as well as the available options and decision-makers. Emphasis was placed for documenting various types of heritage on technical aspects as well as on broader (tangible and intangible elements, cultural planning and management issues relevant and environmental aspects). to conservation. The first part of the course The condition assessment section looked consisted of an overview of the different at the options for understanding materials, approaches and key concepts in built heritage structures, sites and landscapes and their conservation. A key component of this was the causes of deterioration, as well as the various presentations of participants illustrating how methods that can be employed when making they defined heritage in their own countries. an assessment (visual, analytical and scientific In Herculaneum the modern town sits The western notions of heritage conservation, tools and techniques including laboratory). next to the ancient site, making an its global influence, both complimentary Under that part of the course devoted integrated approach to conservation and contradictory, and the importance of to conservation practices, participants essential. learnt about conservation treatments and interventions, synthesizing the work of the previous weeks. Discussions ranged from first aid and emergency treatment (invasive or non invasive) to the variety of options available to achieve conservation goals (vis-à-vis buildings, sites, urban and rural centres, and landscapes) based on current philosophical, ethical, and cultural considerations. The final week was spent at Herculaneum, a Roman town buried during the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD, now excavated and part of the World Heritage Site of Pompei. Participants utilized the knowledge and experience gained during the course to examine and propose solutions to practical conservation issues relating to the site, benefiting from discussions with conservation professionals from the Herculaneum Conservation Project.

ICCROM Newsletter 33, June 2007 13

UNESCO-ICCROM Asian Academy for Heritage Management Gamini Wijesuriya (ICCROM)

The Asian Academy for Heritage Management a key message of the event. The exchange of UNESCO-ICCROM Asian Academy (AAHM) is a network of institutions throughout experiences and ideas beyond disciplinary and for Heritage Management Asia and the Pacific offering professional cultural borders was deemed enriching by both Partners in the Field Schools training in the field of heritage management participants and lecturers. Institute for Tourism Studies (IFT), that has been initiated and developed by The second field school on ‘Conservation Colina de Mong-Ha, Macao SAR, China The Architectural Conservation the UNESCO Bangkok office and ICCROM. and Presentation of Archaeological Heritage Programme of the University of Hong The mission of the Asian Academy is to in an Urban Context’ was held in 2005 at Kong, the Macao Institute for Tourism strengthen professional capacity to manage Ba Dinh, located in the middle of Hanoi, Studies and the Macao Cultural Institute heritage resources in a sustainable manner by Vietnam. For the twenty participants, Hanoi Architectural Research Institute providing a regional platform for institutional Ba Dinh, which is a recently-excavated (Vietnam) cooperation in training, research, and archaeological site embedded in the rapidly Deakin University (Australia) Hanoi Architectural University exchange. Under the guidance of UNESCO changing urban landscape of Hanoi, provided (Vietnam) and ICCROM, the Asian Academy promotes a challenging case study. It served as a test Postgraduate Institute of an integrated, holistic and multi-disciplinary case for integrating conservation management Archaeology, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka approach to the management of heritage into an urban context. As well as lectures on resources, including both tangible and topics ranging from conservation legislation AAHM web site: intangible expressions of culture. to community involvement, there were case http://www.unescobkk.org/culture/ asian-academy The objective of the Academy is to studies and field trips to heritage sites in enhance expertise in the region by improving Hanoi. The highlight of the school was the See also Research Conference professional training and enhancing sharing of the group results with the local Proceedings on Asian Approaches to Conservation 2006 (Faculty management capacity in fields related to decision-makers. of Architecture, Chulalongkorn culture heritage, fostering exchange of The third field school, with eighteen University; ISBN 978-974-9990-88-9). professional knowledge and resources, and participants, took place in April 2007 at the documenting best practice. Activities and World Heritage site of Galle in Sri Lanka Ba Dinh Archaeological Site, the focus of resources comprise field schools, certification under the title ‘Conducting a Cultural Impact the 2nd AAHU field school. of in-field practitioners (Cultural Heritage Assessment in a Maritime Context’. The port of Specialist Guide Programme), online Galle includes elements of built heritage, living resources with a database and library of heritage and underwater cultural heritage. heritage management resources, conferences Participants conducted a cultural impact and publications, and an awards programme assessment of the site within the context of for outstanding student work. an integrated conservation management, and The activities of the Academy are taking into account the development plan for coordinated by a small central secretariat the expansion of the port. located in Bangkok supported by UNESCO and In 2006, the Academy held a conference on ICCROM. A steering committee, consisting ‘Asian Approaches to Conservation’, organized of representatives from core member in collaboration with Chulalongkorn University institutes, UNESCO, and ICCROM oversees the and held in Bangkok. This was an academic network, develops strategies, and decides on event that fostered the exchange of knowledge, membership admissions. Core members are information and views among researchers and those institutes of higher learning situated in experts in the field of conservation and heritage the Asia-Pacific region that offer postgraduate management. Participants from thirteen programmes related to culture and heritage nations presented twenty research papers. management. The Academy currently has fifty- The proceedings have now been published by four core members throughout the region. Chulalongkorn University. One of the key features of the Academy As Dr Richard Engelhardt, one of the is the annual field schools, the first of which co-founders of the Academy, noted ‘the was held at the World Heritage City of Macao establishment of AAHM is an integral part in December 2003 on the theme ‘Conserving of a regional strategy to upgrade and Asia’s Built Heritage: An Integrated localize professional training and enhance Management Approach’. The field school management capacity in fields related to offered twenty-five staff and advanced students culture heritage. AAHM links a wide range from member institutions of the Academy the of regional institutions and professionals, opportunity to study heritage conservation in creating a diverse, synergetic pool of real-life situations with the guidance of leading resources. It is hoped that the AAHM acts as experts in the field. The importance of an a vehicle to put local knowledge to use for integrated and interdisciplinary approach was cultural heritage conservation’.

ICCROM Newsletter 33, June 2007 14

The Design of Protective Structures for the Conservation and Presentation of Archaeological Sites in the Mediterranean Zaki Aslan (ICCROM) Documentation and One of the main issues that ICCROM conditions for the archaeological materials Management of Heritage Sites has continued to address in its training and the structures themselves. There have in the Arab Region, Umm Qais, programmes, with particular reference to the been some attempts to evaluate systematically Jordan and Bosra, Syria Mediterranean Region (for example, as part the efficacy of shelters and enclosures (see, for 18 November – 12 December of its ATHĀR programme) is the design of example, Conservation and Management of 2006 protective structures at archaeological sites. Archaeological Sites, Vol. 5, devoted to papers Under the Patronage of Her Majesty Requests for technical advice and assistance on protective shelters for archaeological sites Queen Rania Al-Abdullah on this issue are also routinely received worldwide). In practice, however, a holistic from Member States (for example, from policy of this kind has not proved to be an Core Regional Course on Malta where an international architectural easy task to achieve. Conservation of Heritage Sites competition was held in 2004 to find the best Developing practical and technical in the Arab Region solution to protecting the World Heritage architectural design methods for protective Site of the Megalithic Temples of Hagar Qim structures to provide stable environmental 10 June – 12 July 2007 and Mnajdra). While this topic comprises conditions for the conservation of Under the Patronage of H.E Mr Osama several interwoven issues, this article focuses archaeological sites is crucial. If planned in Al-Dabbas, the Minister of Tourism on the planning and design guidelines that the design phase, the application of these and Antiquities, Jordan. have developed out of ICCROM’s most recent methods can, tentatively, indicate the level Partners experiences in this area and from discussions of effectiveness of proposed passive design ICCROM (International Centre for during training courses and implementation solutions used to stabilize the environmental the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property) of projects. conditions of archaeological material remains ALECSO (Organisation arabe pour at heritage sites. l’éducation, la culture et les sciences) Why are planning and design methodologies needed for protective structures? Establishing guidance and design parameters In collaboration with UNESCO Office in Amman Because designing a protective structure for the design of protective structures DoA (Department of Antiquities, at an archaeological site has frequently With continuous reference to elements Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities, Jordan) been seen as a construction project with of contemporary heritage management DGAM General Directorate of an immediate need, the ultimate result of processes, design guidelines and methods Antiquities & Museums, Ministry of a protection attempt is often an ineffective aimed at enhancing the performance of Culture, Syria Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon and controversial new intervention. In fact, protective structures at archaeological sites Yarmouk University newly-erected constructions in an historic can be established. Based on sheltering context are often the subject of public principles, design criteria essentially consider: The financial support of the Directorate General of Development criticism and of academic concerns. 1. The inclusion of stakeholders of a site not Cooperation, Ministry of Among the various specializations in only in the decision-making and strategic Foreign Affairs, Italy is gratefully the heritage field, one may note that a planning processes to shelter a site, but also acknowledged. conservator is commonly concerned with in the design phase of protective structures. deterioration processes and the effect of This implies that architects, designers, and a environmental conditions on the health of management team should consult with local the historic material under threat, whereas an communities and interest groups who should architect tends to focus on aesthetics, form, take part in the design process. educational display, and contextual design. 2. The range of values influencing a An archaeologist, on the other hand, may sheltering strategy, and the meaning and worry about the impact a structure may have cultural significance of a site. Cultural on the integrity of the excavated site or about meanings of a site influence the design both immediate measures to save it. aesthetically with regard to contextual design Many of these structures were, and legibility, and ethically with regard to conventionally, erected from a perceived conservation principles aimed at preserving need to provide a roof on a site to protect it this meaning and attributes relevant to the from rainwater and sunlight. Additionally, cultural values of a site. These may include several temporary shelters erected at sites architectural, historic, educational, symbolic, turned out to remain permanent. The design or scientific values, as expressed through the of a new structure on an archaeological site original design, form, materials, use, setting has rarely been thought of as a research or spirit of a site. process, considering the enhancement of 3. The physical condition of a site. If inherent values, visitor understanding, preservation conditions of an archaeological well-managed access, or protection provided site are investigated in a thorough manner largely by improved and stable environmental and, thus, an understanding of all the

ICCROM Newsletter 33, June 2007 15

mechanisms leading to material deterioration Selected basic principles and considerations at a site is achieved, a new design of a • Putting the sheltering process in the context protective structure can adopt architectural of a site management framework. solutions to slow down identified decay • Ensuring and making clear professional processes. The thoroughness of physical responsibilities and multi-disciplinary investigation techniques is therefore involvement in a sheltering work, and fundamental in the process. involving all interest groups at various stages 4. Management aspects such as the of design availability of materials, human resources • Investigation and thorough archaeological at a site, and financial means. In addition and conservation research. to the design per se, these resources are also • Commitment to future monitoring and necessary for continuous monitoring and maintenance must take high priority from maintenance. the beginning of the process of planning for The design guidelines above take account sheltering projects, requiring local trained of the following. staff. Durability-related aspects: design aspects • Condition assessment, environmental of the new structure that influence the monitoring, and climatic analysis are historic material fabric such as: structural important diagnostic tools to understand Enclosure over the Church of the performance and its relationship to the site deterioration mechanisms. Apostles, Madaba, Jordan. The western orientation of the facade and the use of (foundations, span, etc.), water exclusion, • Enclosures and shelters can be considered glass resulted in damage to the mosaics humidity, light and ventilation control, after solutions to problems associated with from solar radiation, leading to the reversibility and durability of the new high water tables and dispersed water are replacement of the glass with concrete and wooden panels. construction material. Design aspects related established in an overall strategy for the to the climate and environment of the site and conservation of a site. their effect on the newly created microclimate • It is important to devise a concise design closely relevant to preservation conditions of brief, tender and specifications relevant to the historic fabric. the design criteria. Significance and value-related aspects: • Protective structures require a long-term aesthetic considerations with regard to the budget for their operation and repair. image, appearance and contextual design • Architectural climatic design methods of the new structure. Contribution of the and selection of architectural materials general and additional design elements to site (in the construction industry) should be ATHAR course participants working interpretation and visitors’ understanding investigated in the course of designing a on assessing the effect of protective (intelligibility). protective structure. The use of building structures in Madaba, Jordan Accessibility-related aspects: site use and simulation tools in the design phase can understanding: route and scheduling of visits, indicate the potential effectiveness of visitors’ safety, and security of the site from protective structures, especially enclosures vandalism and other intrusions (e.g. caused aimed at achieving defined environment by animals). control requirements. Management aspects: these conservation • New additions should aim at recognizing objectives have always been treated in sites values and relevant attributes, isolation despite their apparent nature distinguishing the new work from the to heritage professionals. Nevertheless, original, and enhancing the architectural the feasibility of a sheltering decision at continuity of a historic place. the design phase is essentially associated • In order to adopt climatic architectural with the rationale of the conservation design approaches, controlling the process which is primarily to improve the environment should be monitored before physical conditions at an archaeological and after the construction of a climatic- site. A prominent role of sheltering designed structure. is, however, embedded in the need to In such a growing field of expertise, ICCROM provide environmentally stable conditions has continued to help develop specific research for prolonged physical conservation of methods in this area, disseminate knowledge material remains. The use of climatic design and raise awareness among professionals methods from the field of architecture is and the public, and address the subject in its thus of paramount importance, as also is training and cooperation activities with its monitoring. Member States.

ICCROM Newsletter 33, June 2007 16

The EPA Fund: Building on Success Jerome Nhan (ICCROM Consultant)

Donors to the EPA fund Explaining what the EPA Fund is can be to training cultural heritage professionals in Our thanks to the following donors difficult. Mention that it is an endowment francophone and lusophone Sub-Saharan Africa. for their generous contributions to fund, and that it was created for the benefit With its twenty-one strong pan-African team the EPA Fund: of a training institution in Africa, and and over forty partner institutions from China Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Italy) many people continue to stare in wide-eyed to the United States, not to mention a quarterly Getty Foundation wonder: A fund? At ICCROM? How does it information newsletter and a website (www. Ministry of Foreign Affairs (France) Organisation internationale de la work? Now that the EPA Fund has, after seven epa-prema.net/english/), EPA plays a leading Francophonie years of effort, reached the target it had set for role in showing that cultural heritage is a source Ministry of Foreign Affairs and African itself when it was launched in 2000, it is time of knowledge, tolerance and pride for Africa in Integration (Benin) Compagnia di San Paolo to share the story of this joint initiative of the twenty-first century. Today its work gives ICCROM ICCROM and the Ecole du Patrimoine Africain inspiration to a network of professionals that Ministry of Culture and Communication (School of African Heritage – EPA). extends from Madagascar to Mauritania. (France) Leventis Foundation We need first to step back over twenty One of EPA’s strengths is its financial Region of Piedmont (Italy) years to 1986. ICCROM had just completed independence and its founders were well aware Government of Angola an assessment on the state of collections that without a long-term financial strategy, the Bettencourt-Schueller Foundation Ministry of Culture (Tunisia) in Sub-Saharan African museums. Taken future of the school would always be uncertain. Radio France Internationale as a whole, the situation was disastrous. With this in mind, EPA and ICCROM created the Françoise Azémar The lack of trained professionals was one EPA Fund in February 2000. Jehan Dayot-Dolivet Penelope Dulling of the main reasons behind the systematic Like the endowment funds of American Gaël de Guichen but not inevitable loss of huge numbers of universities such as Harvard and Yale, though Nelly Munthe artifacts. In one well-known case, a 10- at a much smaller scale, the EPA Fund aims Giovanna Spini foot high termite hill was found next to to provide EPA with a regular inflow of Patrons of the EPA fund the storage room of a museum; in a few revenues to cover its running costs – salaries, weeks, the 700 masks that this storage computers, equipment, communication, etc. Maria Barroso Soares, President of the Pro Dignitate Foundation room had contained were reduced to dust. Thus the fund gives EPA more freedom of Zine el Abidine Ben Ali, President of ICCROM therefore launched PREMA, a novel action and financial visibility than it would Tunisia training programme for African museum otherwise have, contributing to the overall Jacques Chirac, Former President of France professionals. From 1986 to 2000, PREMA sustainability of the institution. Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, Former President involved some four hundred professionals, The fund is managed by ICCROM and is of Italy provided thousands of hours of training, invested in low-risk financial products in Abdou Diouf, Secretary-General of the Organisation Internationale de la while helping to build or rebuild entire the Euro-zone. Today, with fourteen donors, Francophonie storage buildings and to safeguard hundreds including the governments of Angola, Benin, Quincy Jones, Musician, Producer and of artifacts. But there was still a lot to do. France, Italy, and Tunisia, and an Honorary Performer Alpha Oumar Konaré, Chairman of the Several participants in PREMA realized that Committee comprised of ten people, the EPA Commission of the African Union African professionals had to take ownership Fund is the story of a difficult but ultimately Koichiro Matsuura, Director-General of of PREMA and give it new roots in Africa. Led successful international fund-raising effort UNESCO Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, Former by Alain Godonou, in 1998 they created EPA, spanning seven years. Secretary-General of the United Nations an independent and self-financed university In 2000 it was calculated that €2,250,000, Emile-Derlin Zinsou, Former President institution located in Porto-Novo, Benin. EPA yielding 4% every year, would be sufficient to of Benin thus became the only institution dedicated cover all of EPA’s running costs. However, the The future Maison du Patrimoine in Porto Novo, Benin. combined effects of inflation and low yields from the secure investments of the fund mean that this objective must now be revised. This is why today we are calling on all interested parties to help us reach a new target of €3,000,000 by 2010. With global attention focusing once again on the African continent, raising levels of understanding, recognition, protection and appreciation of African heritage is a major responsibility not only for our colleagues in Africa but for the professional community as a whole. ICCROM intends to continue playing a leading role in this process, in partnership with EPA and other cultural heritage institutions in Africa and elsewhere.

ICCROM Newsletter 33, June 2007 17

Laws Protecting the Immovable Cultural Heritage in Sub-Saharan Africa Webber Ndoro and Baba Keita (ICCROM) In Sub-Saharan Africa customary and the legal frameworks. traditional mechanisms and practices to Thus a number of manage and conserve heritage have existed seminars were held to down the ages. They protected the many discuss the key issues heritage places such as the sacred groves related to the weaknesses and mountains, cultural landscapes, shrines, of protective legislation and tombs. Most of the culturally significant and to identify a way places were always protected through a series forward. The first of prescriptive taboos and restrictions. Most seminar was held in 2002 of the taboos or norms governing heritage in Mutare, Zimbabwe, protection were not written and were specific and the second one in to particular ethnic groups and communities. Ouagadougou, Burkina However, the customary regulations and Faso, in 2003. Both tradition were very strong and were passed seminars showed that from generation to generation. In most the main problems with countries the present state legislations do not the implementation take into consideration the rich and diverse of heritage legislation cultural systems and the customary and were the same in all traditional practices have not yet found their countries. The laws were way into the laws of the modern state. seen to be outdated The administrations in much of Africa and generally failing to do have a set of state legal systems aimed at encompass the culturally protecting the significant aspects of African significant places of heritage. Most of the present legal frameworks, the sub continent. The however, define heritage in a limited way, antiquatedness of the Sacred Forest, Bamezoun, Benin employing categories which do not take into laws made them out of step with the broader consideration the aspirations of the common definitions of heritage in contemporary people. In other continents, the beliefs, Africa. Most laws treated the communities social systems and cosmology of its people as aliens to their heritage, and in some cases inform the applicable legal frameworks. In the culturally significant heritage in Africa, general in Africa, the heritage laws, inherited which included the intangible and spiritual from colonial times, mainly define heritage values, was ignored. These issues were also places as monuments, antiquities and relics. discussed in the Regional Training Courses The laws also tend to divide cultural issues and Regional Thematic seminars of the from nature. The results are that the heritage AFRICA 2009 programme. A research project which mattered to the local communities was has been started to examine some of the laws neglected. For example, the sacred Kaya Forest with a view to identifying possible solutions, in Kenya could not be protected under the given the fact that legal reform is often a This book on African legal frameworks last Act of 1984. The same can be said of the lengthy process. The aim is to have a set of for cultural heritage can be purchased current Act of Botswana, where the rock art at publications to assist countries in initiating online from the ICCROM bookshop. the World Heritage site of Tsodilo is protected legal reforms that will more effectively help to BGSJDBO
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ICCROM Newsletter 33, June 2007 18

Reflections on Sharing Conservation Decisions Courses Rosalia Varoli-Piazza (ICCROM) and Paola Camera

Sharing Conservation Decisions ICCROM’s mandate includes the provision the one concerned with the leg or the tail. 16 October–10 November 2006, of training for heritage conservation ‘Heritage’ and ‘conservation’ are widely Rome professionals. While such training addresses accepted terms, but the interpretation sometimes very specific themes, there has of these terms in different cultural Partners Fondazione Centro conservazione e been an increasing awareness of the need and institutional settings often varies. restauro La Venaria Reale, Italy. for enhanced capacity for interdisciplinary Developing our capacity to speak out and Institut National du Patrimoine, Paris and intersectorial collaboration. In the year discuss our ideas and convictions is at the (INP); Istituto Centrale per il Restauro, 2000, at a seminar aiming at redefining the heart of building interdisciplinary and Rome (ICR); programmatic priorities of the Collections intercultural dialogues. Ministère de la Culture et de la Unit of ICCROM, ‘the need to encourage, This process is also helped by the Communication, France; Ministero per i Beni e le Attività diffuse and protect the plurality of development of common tools, such Culturali, Italy; approaches, disciplines and contexts in the as glossaries. Course participants are Opificio delle Pietre Dure (OPD), field of conservation’ emerged as a central asked to write down a list of terms that Florence; issue. This gave raise to the creation of the they have difficulties with and, through course on ‘Sharing Conservation Decisions’, discussion (and argument!) they arrive at Also supported by the first edition of which took place in 2002. a shared understanding of the terms. Such Fondazione per L’Arte della Compagnia di San Paolo, Torino, Italy; The course is a very ambitious one, in tools provide a platform for developing Fondazione Romualdo Del Bianco, trying to bring forth as wide a variety as communication skills and assist in the Florence, Italy. possible of actors and factors involved in analysis of the decision-making process. shaping the decision-making process in The course is a continuing project within the conservation of cultural heritage. The ICCROM’s programme of activities, and interdisciplinary and multicultural mix in offers an excellent opportunity for assessing the programme, participants and lecturers, the history as well as the current state of helps to avoid the trap of analysing decisions conservation as a professional activity. The as a set of formal administrative steps, and development of the course has benefited aims at creating an awareness of the various greatly from the commitment of the helpful, as well as hindering, elements that course participants: a rigorous evaluation are present in the institutional cultures of mechanism captures their perspective on heritage administrations in different parts of all aspects of the course. A daily evaluation the world. form has become a fixture of the course, Alessandro Sidoti, conservator-restorer It is difficult to know if the word ‘sharing’ as well as weekly assessments, followed up at the Conservation Laboratory of or ‘decisions’ has been more appealing by questionnaires sent to the participants National Library of Florence, shows a in the title of the course. However, since afterwards. It is all very well to be flood-damaged object and explains the conservation treatment. the first edition of this biannual course, fascinated by the course while in Rome, but applications from all over the world and what does it look like six months later, seen from all professional areas have been flowing from behind the desk in the office? The in, making it one of the most sought after opinions of the participants have been vital training activities of ICCROM. This gives for the future development of this activity. great encouragement to the team building Below are some of the comments from the programme and the contents of the participants in the different editions of the course, at the core of which has been the ‘Sharing Conservation Decision’ courses contribution of two key Italian institutions: that have taken place to date. the Istituto Centrale di Restauro in Rome and the Opificio delle Pietre Dure in Nonofho Mathibidi Ndobochani (SCD ‘02) Florence. The input of French colleagues Heritage management institutions are faced from the Institut National du Patrimoine, with political, legal and financial challenges Paris has further contributed to providing in deciding what and how much of heritage the course with a variety of real life resources and properties to protect and situations. conserve. This requires a multi-disciplinary At the heart of the course is approach and awareness of the fundamental communication. As the story of the blind decision-making processes necessary men describing an elephant points out, each for selecting suitable conservation and of us is stuck within the specificity of our management options. Participation in the field, and the professional who is concerned Sharing Conservation Decisions course with the trunk of the elephant does not exposed me to the influence of professional, recognize the description stemming from institutional and environmental contexts

ICCROM Newsletter 33, June 2007 19

in everyday conservation decision- that I had changed and that they making. The cultural and professional felt better in our ‘community’ of diversity of participants allowed for an work. appreciation of the need to investigate values and messages of cultural heritage in Qing Wei (SCD ‘06) conservation decision-making. Working for The one month at ICCROM the Archaeology and Development Unit, represented a turning point of my the course has enhanced my professional professional experience. I realized approach and ability to making informed the importance of communication conservation and management decisions. I in conservation, at all levels and now have to take into consideration the risk in various dimensions: among involved, availability of funds, involving conservators themselves, between institutions and non-professionals in conservators and heritage, and integrating archaeological conservation with other professionals and to development. The involvement of stakeholders including the public. the public and the values they attach to Communication skills are critical cultural resources as witnessed at Assisi to conservation decision-making. was relevant to our unit for the overall I strongly believe they are also decisions on relevant conservation and very important and instructive Course participants examining work in management options that may be necessary for people working in conservation in progress at the Restoration Laboratory for mitigating development impacts. The a country like China where heritage of Opificio delle Pietre Dure in Florence. discussions on impact of legal frameworks conservation is less prominent and attracts in conservation decision-making was less funding. To me the biggest success beneficial and the solutions are being of this course is that all participants implemented as the country is formulating worked within a very rich and diverse guidelines to aid implementation of the context: seventeen participants from legislation. different countries in Europe, Asia and Africa; representing different cultural and Marc Botlan (SCD ‘04) professional background; a similar range Five years already! As a matter of fact, I of lecturers covering a wide variety of case had the good fortune of being selected studies. It was through communication as a participant at the 2002 ‘Sharing that all participants were able to work out conservation decisions’. All was quite complicated and challenging issues, enjoy new for me: to work in Italy among so knowledge exchange, share experience, many artistic and historical treasures, and and achieve the goals of the programme. to meet colleagues coming from every part of the known world, with their own approaches, their specific ways of thinking, In Conclusion their languages. The most striking and ‘Sharing Conservation Decisions’ as a obvious realization for me was that there theme of a training activity offers both was not only one correct way of making a great challenges and opportunities. good and appropriate decision, and that Sharing is a noble cause, but often stunted the better solution will arise from dialogue not only by unhelpful administrative and discussion, from the different points structures but by our professional of view of historians, managers, scientists, sectarianism. Communication skills Nonofho Mathibidi Ndobochani political personalities, and so on. have emerged as one of the core factors is currently Senior Curator of The conclusion for me is that the curators for overcoming current challenges and Archaeology, Botswana National (or the conservators) are not the centre of the achieving the visions we have for the Museum, Gaborone, Botswana. little world of conservation, but that they are future. The more we practice our skills Marc Botlan is Inspecteur général stakeholders, as are others, even if their part to communicate within our professional de l’architecture et du patrimoine, and their responsibility are essential. contexts, and the more we have respect Ministère de la culture et de la communication, Orleans, France. In a certain way I can say that the and curiosity for the experience of the course did change my working habits. The others, the more real and solid can we Qing Wei is Deputy Director/ evidence of it appeared to me when, one make our own contribution to shaping the Architect, Cultural Heritage Conservation Institute of Tsinghua year later, some colleagues of mine told me conservation decisions of today. University, Beijing, China.

ICCROM Newsletter 33, June 2007 20

Pacific Islands Museums Association (PIMA) Meredith Blake (Secretary General, PIMA)

Museums and cultural centres History of PIMA Recent changes and future work program in the Pacific region In 1989, following the first international In February 2006, PIMA’s Executive Board Alele Museum, Marshall Islands workshop for museums and cultural centres decided to relocate the Secretariat to the Belau National Museum, Palau in the Pacific region, a concerted effort was Vanuatu Cultural Centre. Rotating the Bishop Museum, Hawai’i made to establish a regional institution Secretariat will help to keep the association Centre culturel Tjibaou, Nouvelle- Calédonie that could provide support and resources responsive to the needs of its constituents, Commonwealth of Northern for training, advocacy and the promotion to develop local knowledge of the heritage Marianna Islands Museum of History of heritage management. In 1990 ICCROM sector in various countries, and to share & Culture Cook Islands National Museum and the University of Canberra undertook a the benefits such as workshops, regional Federated States of Micronesia Office needs assessment of Pacific Islands Heritage meetings and international symposia, with of Archives and Historic Preservation preservation. This work demonstrated that museums in the region. Fiji Museum Huanaki Cultural Centre and Museum, Pacific Island collections and sites face severe PIMA opened its doors for business in Niue damage from climate, pests, unplanned Vanuatu on 26 June 2006, and without J.K. McCarthy Museum, Papua New development, and lack of skilled staff and delay began a busy program of activities. Guinea Jean P. Hayden Museum, American training. Throughout 1993 and 1994, Pacific PIMA’s eighth training workshop (Building Samoa museum Directors were instrumental in for the future: new museums for the Kiribati National Cultural Centre and ensuring a series of resolutions for the Pacific; see photo) was led by the training Museum Michoutouchkine-Pilioko Art Gallery, formation of an association, at general team of Vinod Daniel of the Australian Vanuatu assemblies of the Commonwealth Association Museum, Jocelyn Cuming of the National Musée de l’Histoire Maritime de of Museums, American Museums Association Library of New Zealand, Ian Cook of Nouvelle-Calédonie Musée de la Ville de Noumea, and International Council of Museums 3CS International, and Steve King of the Nouvelle-Calédonie (ICOM) and ICOM Asia-Pacific. University of New South Wales. In October Musée de Nouvelle-Calédonie The result was the launch of PREMO 2006 at the 3rd Melanesian Arts Festival in Musée de Tahiti et des Îles, Polynésie Française (PREservation by the Museums Of the Fiji, PIMA partnered with SPC, the Ministry Musée Paul Gaugin, Polynésie Pacific Islands) which functioned from of Fijian Affairs, Culture and Heritage, Française 1994 until 1998. A joint project of ICCROM UNESCO and trainer Mark Nizette to deliver Museo Antropólogico Sebastián Englert, Easter Island (Rapa Nui) and Pacific museums and cultural centres, a workshop on ‘Governance for Pacific Museum of Guam PREMO’s primary objective was to improve Cultural Institutions: A Cultural Focus on Museum of Samoa preventive conservation by means of Performance Management and Achieving Norfolk Island Museum Papua New Guinea National Museum international training; an underlying Sustainable Outcomes’. and Art Gallery objective was to form a permanent Another exciting recent development for Pitcairn Island Museum association that could serve Pacific PIMA has been the completion of the long- Robert Louis Stevenson Museum, Samoa museums in all fields of activity. It was also awaited Code of Ethics for Pacific Islands Solomon Islands National Museum the forum for the business meetings that Museums and Cultural Centres. This document Tonga Traditions Committee and led to the founding of the Pacific Islands was developed in direct response to the newly National Museum of Tonga Vanuatu Cultural Centre Museums Association (PIMA). The first revised version of the ICOM Code of Professional PIMA Board was selected in 1994 and the Ethics (Paris, 2006). Issues discussed in the Participants in the 8th PIMA workshop, association’s vision, mission and aims Code include repatriation, the valuation of Vanuatu, 2006. were first developed in 1997. During its collections, the promotion of research policies early years, the for museums, relationships and obligations to Secretariat for the the community, and the training of staff. Pacific Community PIMA’s busy programme for 2007 includes (SPC) hosted and the development of a regional museum supported the training strategy, a symposium on Intangible Secretariat in New Cultural Heritage, providing practical support Caledonia. In for pacific museums undergoing renovation May 1999, PIMA and fund-raising projects, an upgraded web became a non-profit site, attendance at international museum organization based conferences, and assisting with the election at the Fiji Museum. of the inaugural Board for the International Since 1999 the ICOMOS Committee of the Pacific Islands Secretariat has been (ICOMOS Pasifika). staffed by volunteers from Canada and For further information about PIMA’s activities or to Australia, and by support the work of the association, please contact the museum staff. Secretary General ([email protected]).

ICCROM Newsletter 33, June 2007 21

ICCROM Library: Selected New Acquisitions Paul Arenson (ICCROM)

Amber between monument conservation and The magic of amber, Aleksandar Palavestra and architectural creation, and the transformations Vera Krstić (Archaeological Monographs 18, in form and meaning brought about by National Museum Belgrade, Belgrade), 2006. contemporary architectural insertions into ISBN 86-7269-084-2 pre-existing monuments, often with the aim of The exhibition ‘The Magic of Amber’, held assuring a future for these historic structures. in 2006 at the National Museum Belgrade, A second section provides an inventory of Serbia, was an opportunity to display a wealth historic monuments in France that have of archaeological amber objects, including undergone contemporary architectural beads and other jewellery items, figurines and interventions over the past twenty-five years. vessels. This exhibition catalogue provides an inventory of objects from the region, along Restoration and use of the early Medieval with historical and archaeological discussions fortifications in the East Mediterranean and notes on the physical deterioration of countries: 1st European workshop, 27-29 amber and its conservation at the museum. September 2003, Veria, Byzantine Museum, Ioanna Papayianni and K Theologidou (eds.) Archaeological sites (European Commission, Bruxelles, Belgium Le coperture delle aree archeologiche: museo and Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, aperto, Maria Concetta Laurenti (ed.) (Istituto Thessaloniki, Greece), 2005. (no ISBN) centrale per il restauro (ICR), Rome: Gangemi Castle conservation and consolidation is Editore), 2006. ISBN 88-492-0940-1 typically time-consuming and high-cost work: The Istituto Centrale per il Restauro (ICR) castles are massive structures; their historical and ENEA recently carried out an innovative and archaeological documentation is research project that defined criteria for the arduous; and they usually require immediate design of protective structures, based on the stabilization measures which can affect major chemical, biological and physical risk their authenticity if care is not taken. This factors in the conservation of archaeological workshop, which reviewed a conservation sites. As part of the project, innovative project for four Byzantine castles, provided shelters were planned for the Villa Adriana an opportunity to discuss these issues as they at Castellammare di Stabia and for the Punta affect Medieval fortresses in Greece, Italy, d’Alaca in Vivara; the implementation of the Turkey, and Jordan. Villa Adriana shelter design is also presented. Albarracín: el proceso de restauración de Management of interpretive sites: developing su patrimonio histórico, Antonio Almagro, sustainable operations through effective Antonio Jiménez and Pedro Ponce de León leadership, Tim Merriman and Lisa Brochu (Albarracín: Fundación Santa María de (Fort Collins, Colorado: InterpPress), 2005. Albarracín), 2005. ISBN 84-609-6966-5 ISBN 1-879931-17-6 The historic town of Albarracín, set among This concise, practical book presents an the arid mountains of southern Aragón, Spain, overview of effective interpretive management, is famed for its Mudéjar architecture and its which combines business, supervision and crenelated town wall, dating from the eleventh leadership skills in the interests of presenting to fourteenth centuries. This book provides a cultural or natural resources to a visiting historical overview of the urban ensemble and public. Aspects addressed include planning, gives details on past and recent restorations time and personnel management, program and by national and regional organizations, as well membership development, marketing, policy, as interventions carried out in the course of operations, and staff training and recognition. training workshops since the late 1980s. Architecture Colour Architectures contemporaines et monuments Giallorino: storia dei pigmenti gialli di historiques: guide des réalisations en France natura sintetica: dal vetro giallo per patre depuis 1980, Dominique Rouillard (Paris: nostro o ambre al giallo di Napoli, Claudio Editions Le Moniteur), 2006. ISBN 2-281- Seccaroni (Ministero per i beni e le attività 19265-2 culturali; Istituto centrale per il catalogo e This volume presents a theoretical and la documentazione (ICCD), Rome: De Luca historical discussion of the common ground Editori d’Arte), 2006. ISBN: 88-8016-687-5

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The term ‘giallorino’ indicates a series Lithuanian with English abstracts) presents of light-yellow artificial pigments, with conservation interventions carried out on tonalities that can assume colour gradations archaeological jewellery, leather boots, from warm and golden to cold. The silver-coated cross pins, paintings on metal, manufacture of these pigments derives from maps, post cards, ukiyo-e prints, and textiles. the production technology of ceramics and Climatic monitoring of storage rooms at the glass, yet their chemical characterization museum is also described. has been accomplished only relatively recently. This text, based on written sources Painting and on laboratory investigations, provides Restoration of Indian miniature paintings, information on the evolution and changes K.K.Gupta (New Delhi: National Museum in yellow pigments on artists’ palettes from Institute), 2006. ISBN 81-7211-185-1 Mediaeval to modern times. The book discusses practical techniques in the restoration of Indian miniatures, Glossaire des matériaux de la couleur et des including the preparation and properties of termes techniques employés dans les recettes de supports and pigments traditionally used in couleurs anciennes, Bernard Guineau (Turnhout, Indian miniature paintings, with a guide to Belgium: Brepols), 2005. ISBN 2-503-51643-2 enable the reader to identify the pigments Based on physical-chemical analysis of used. Deterioration factors, examination historic pigments and dyestuffs and on techniques, preventive conservation and exhaustive research in technical literature, this interventions such as consolidation and comprehensive dictionary provides French cleaning are also discussed. Coloured definitions, identifications, and frequently the reproductions of paintings before and chemical formulae, for thousands of historic after restoration are presented along with terms for colours and the substances from individual case studies, so as to convey to the which they are derived. reader the methodology of conservation.

Garden conservation Seminario internacional de conservación de Histories of garden conservation: case studies pintura: el soporte textil: comportamiento, and critical debates: colloquio internazionale deterioro y criterios de intervención: libro de sulla storia della conservazione dei giardini, actas: paraninfo de la Universidad Politécnica Michel Conan, José Tito Rojo and Luigi de Valencia, 9-11 marzo 2005 [Interim Zangheri (eds.) (Florence: Leo S. Olschki), meeting: international conference on painting 2005. ISBN 88-222-5430-9 conservation: canvases: behaviour, deterioration The little-discussed problems of garden and treatment] Maria Castell Agusti et al (eds.) conservation are explored through a series of (Valencia: Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), articles presenting historic gardens in China, 2005. ISBN 84-9705-788-0 Mexico, Spain, Italy, France, the United Kingdom, The articles collected in this volume, presented and Germany. The creation of the gardens is at an interim meeting of the sixteenth described, as well as subsequent interventions conference on cultural heritage conservation (some as early as the 16th century), the evolution promoted by ICOM Spanish Group, address of gardens’ definition as cultural heritage, the issues of canvas painting conservation, reconstruction of historic gardens, and legal and including lining, tensioning, large-formats, philosophical considerations. mechanical behaviour, cellulose deterioration and choice of methodology. Experiences Museology from a variety of countries including Spain, Muziejinių vertybių restauravimas ir Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy, France saugojimas, problemos ir sprendimai: III and the United States are presented. konferencija [Conservation and care for museum objects, problems and solutions: Paper 3rd conference], Gražina Gleiznienė and Ageing and stabilisation of paper, Matija Strlic Regina Ulozaitė (Vilnius, Lithuania: Lietuvos and Jana Kolar (eds.) (Ljubljana: National and nacionalinis muziejus), 2000. ISSN 1392-8929 University Library), 2005. ISBN 961-6551-03-5 As part of a conference and exhibition on Given the problems associated with the conservation practices at the Lithuanian durability of paper and the massive amount of National Museum, a series of articles (in information stored on this medium, the present

ICCROM Newsletter 33, June 2007 23

text, created in collaboration between eighteen Sculpture paper conservation scientists, aims to provide Hrvatski Apoksiomen [...], Arheološki muzej a foundation on which conservation chemists u Zagrebu, 18. svibnja-17. rujna 2006 [The can design and test paper conservation Croatian Apoxyomenos [...], Archaeology treatments. Sections address degradation Museum, Zagreb, May 18-September 17 and ageing of polymers, methodologies for 2006] Miljenko Domijan and Iskra Karniš studying paper stability and photo-stability, (eds.) (Zagreb: Croatian Conservation chemiluminescence, acid, heat and light-based Institute), 2006. ISBN 953-7389-00-6 paper deterioration, and paper stabilization The discovery in 1998 of a bronze statue of a techniques including deacidification and Greek athlete off the coast of Croatia brought addressing air pollution in storage. about immediate action from a nation interested in protecting its underwater archaeological Save paper! mass deacidification, today’s heritage. This publication presents the many experiences, tomorrow’s perspectives: papers steps involved in recovering and stabilizing given at the international conference, 15-17 the statue for eventual exhibition, including February 2006, Swiss National Library, Agnes the careful raising of the statue from the sea Blüher and Gabriela Grossenbacher (eds.) floor, its condition after discovery, the removal (Bern: Swiss National Library), 2006. ISBN 3- of incrustations, desalination and other 9523188-1-7 conservation treatments, and non-destructive Libraries and archives, faced with enormous investigations to identify materials and casting quantities of acidic paper in their holdings, technique. The analyses on the statue, found to are investigating cost-effective deacidification be in a magnificent state of conservation, were treatments aimed at prolonging the life carried out jointly at the Croatian Conservation of their collections. This 2006 conference Institute, Zagreb and the Opificio delle Pietre provided an opportunity for users of a Dure, Florence. number of mass deacidification processes, including Papersave Swiss, CBC Booksaver, Devoção e arte: imaginária religiosa em Minas Bookkeeper, and the Bückeburger treatment, Gerais, Beatriz Coelho (ed.) (São Paulo: to compare notes. Also presented is new Editora da Universidade de São Paulo), 2005. research in paper deacidification and ISBN 85-314-0884-9 strengthening, and a final chapter on the Based on an extensive survey of Brazilian Papersave Swiss method. religious art objects carried out over the past two decades by the Brazilian national Religious heritage organization IPHAN, the present publication Le patrimoine culturel religieux: enjeux provides a substantial catalogue of Baroque juridiques et pratiques cultuelles, Brigitte clay, wooden and composite-material Basdevant-Gaudemet, Marie Cornu and religious polychrome sculpture from the state Jérôme Fromageau (eds.) (Paris: L’Harmattan), of Minas Gerais. Collected articles address the 2006. ISBN 2-296-00163-7 history, iconography, attribution, materials, The protection of religious heritage poses techniques and conservation of these highly many theoretical questions for management, expressive sculptures. conservation and cultural identity, and must also be viewed under practical considerations Stone such as cleaning maintenance, worship needs, Stein: Zerfall und Konservierung, Siegfried and the exigencies of current use. Both the Siegesmund, Michael Auras, and Rolf architectonic structures and the objects Snethlage (eds.) (Leipzig: Leipzig Edition), contained within them raise delicate and 2005. ISBN 3-361-00593-1 sensitive issues, explored in articles presented The varied contributions in this richly at this 2004 conference held in Caen, illustrated book discuss stone decay, Normandy. Also addressed is the status of diagnostics and conservation through the human remains, whether at the archaeological lens of international charters, theoretical excavation or within the museum. These observations and scientific analysis. Individual issues, as seen through the lens of French, articles address atmospheric pollution, laser international and comparative law, are cleaning, desalting, gravestone conservation, illustrated with examples from France, Italy, waterproofing and protective resins, graffiti Japan, Nigeria and Togo. protection, and case studies of architectural,

ICCROM Newsletter 33, June 2007 24

sculptural or archaeological stone conservation waterlogged environments was the topic from throughout Germany as well as Austria, of this 2003 conference, which discusses Greece, Malta, Hungary, Portugal and Italy. woven objects recovered from Neolithic and Bronze Age Alpine lake settlements, Textiles a seventeenth century Swedish shipwreck, Tintes y tintoréros de América: catalogo de the Pisa train station and a range of other materias primas y registro etnografico de sites. Contributions discuss the laboratory México, Centro América, Andes centrales y selva identification of raw organic materials amazónica, Ana Roquero (Madrid: Ministry of and their deterioration in wet burial Culture), 2006. ISBN 84-8181-282-X environments, present conservation choices Part ethnographic work, part glossary, for recovery, treatment and storage, advise this richly illustrated book documents the caution in the use of consolidating agents, and traditional dyestuffs and dyeing techniques relate a case of laser cleaning of metal threads of Mexico, Central America, Ecuador and on a Medieval burial garment. Peru, including commonly employed textile fibres and cleaning methods, dyes of plant Theory and history and insect origin, indigoids and tannins. Theory and practice in conservation, a tribute Methods of extracting and using dyes are to Cesare Brandi: international seminar, presented in text descriptions and through J. Delgado Rodrigues and J. M Mimoso (eds.) pictorial depictions of the processes, while (Lisbon: Laboratório nacional de engenharia numerous indices and tables provide details civil), 2006. ISBN 972-49-2073-9 on individual dyestuffs, including variant This 2006 conference, held on the names, origins and colours supplied. centennial year of Cesare Brandi’s birth, addressed the theoretical background Tecidos e sua conservação no Brasil: museus e necessary when envisaging cultural coleções: seminário internacional, 08 a 13 de heritage conservation: theory should be maio de 2006, Museu Paulista, Universidade viewed as a support to practice, not merely de São Paulo, Brasil [Textile conservation in an explanation, and can help identify Brazil: museums and collections: international values, meaning and authenticity in seminar, 8-13 May 2006, Paulista Museum, addition to serving as a critical reference São Paulo University, Brazil], Teresa Cristina for planned actions. Articles discuss the Toledo de Paula (ed.) (São Paulo: Museu influence of Brandi’s ideas through the Paulista da USP), 2006. ISBN 85-89364-04-6 lens of architectural, archaeological and In 2006 the Museu Paulista of the University of movable cultural heritage conservation, São Paulo held an international symposium to as well as through various experimental discuss the main themes in textile conservation, research topics. both in Brazil and internationally. Articles address the conservation of flags, historic house La teoria del restauro nel novecento da Riegl collections, historic and theatrical costumes a Brandi: atti del convegno internazionale, (including those in current use), upholstery, Viterbo, 12-15 novembre 2003 Maria Andaloro and military uniforms in Brazil, Canada, Chile, (ed.) (Florence: Nardini Editore), 2006. Spain, Italy and the United States. Museum ISBN 88-404-4097-6 display and transport, conservation practice and Articles presented at this 2003 conference, storage, training, and theoretical interpretations held on the fortieth anniversary of the of costumes as material culture or as aesthetic or publication of Cesare Brandi’s seminal book, technical documents are also presented. The Theory of Restoration, view his work as the culmination of a debate on restoration Intrecci vegetali e fibre tessili da ambiente that began with the ideas of Alois Riegl of umido: analisi, conservazione e restauro: the late nineteenth century Vienna School. atti, Trento, 28-30 maggio 2003, Cristina Dal The creation of the Istituto Centrale per il Rì, Luisa Moser, and Elizabeth E.Peacock Restauro (Central Institute for Restoration, (eds.) (Trento: Provinicia Autonoma di Italy) is discussed, as well as the applications Trento, Giunta; Soprintendenza per i beni of Brandi’s theory and practice, the role of archeologici), 2005. ISBN 88-7704-114-4 scientific investigations, and the influence The conservation of archaeological plant that Brandi’s ideas have had internationally weaves and textile fibres preserved in through translations of his work.

ICCROM Newsletter 33, June 2007 Partners in ICCROM’s PROGRAMMES 2006 – 7 Programmes Staff Academy of Cultural Heritage, Vilnius, Lithuania The European Commission, INT Netherlands Institute for Cultural Heritage (ICN) The articles in this newsletter Office of the Director-General Chiara Lespérance, Administrative Aga Khan Trust for Culture, Switzerland Federculture, Italy Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD) Agbodrafo Municipality, Togo Fine Arts Department, Thailand Norwegian Institute for Cultural Heritage Research (NIKU) reflect the range of programme Mounir Bouchenaki, Director-General, Assistant Agency for Cultural Affairs, Japan Fondazione Banco di Sicilia, Italy Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) activities carried out by ICCROM Alvar Aalto Academy and Alvar Aalto Museum, Finland Fondazione per l’Arte della Compagnia di San Paolo, Italy Old Town Renewal Agency (OTRA), Lithuania Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Opificio delle Pietre Dure (OPD), Italy during 2006–7. These activities Bruno Pisani, Manager of Finance and Office of Communication and Information (ALECSO) (FAO) Organisation of World Heritage Cities take place worldwide and take Administration, Robert Killick, Manager Archaeological Survey of India Formez, Centro di formazione Studi, Rome, Italy Parks Canada Asian Academy for Heritage Management The Getty Conservation Institute (GCI), USA Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy on a variety of forms. They involve Assessorato alle Politiche Culturali e all’Educazione della The Getty Foundation, USA Polo Museale di Catania, Italy courses, meetings, seminars and Maria Teresa Jaquinta, Mónica García Robles, Web Administrator Regione Sicilia, Italy Helsinki University of Technology, Finland Pontifical Commission for the Cultural Heritage of the publications on a wide range of Italian Government Development Association de Développement de Tiébélé HerimendHerimed, Italy Church, Holy See Associazione Herculaneum, Italy International Co-ordinating Committee on the Safeguarding Private Committees for the Safeguarding of Venice topics, as well as technical advisory Co-operation Coordinator M. Anna Stewart, Coordinator, Training, L’Association Monégasque pour la Connaissance des Arts, and Development of the Historic Site of Angkor (ICC), Rathgen Laboratory, Germany missions and other forms of support Information & Fellowships Principauté de Monaco Cambodia Regional Secretariat of the Organization of World Heritage Botswana National Museum, Botswana ICOM-Conservation Committee (ICOM-CC) Cities for Africa and the Middle East, Tunis, Tunisia to Member States. Pilar House, Personal Assistant to the DG British School at Rome ICCD, Italy Republic of Montenegro Institute for Conservation of Cultural Elisa Ortiz, Administrative Assistant Butrint Foundation, Albania IILA, Istituto Latino Americano, Italy Monuments, Montenegro The ICCROM programmes that Sonia Santangelo, Administrative Clerk Butrint National Park, Albania Institut National du Patrimoine (INP), France Riksantikvaren (Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage) Canadian Conservation Institute (CCI), Canada Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Historico (IAPH), Seville, Robben Island Museum, South Africa were recommended by Council and Sabina Giuriati, Information Systems Clerk Canadian Museum of Nature, Canada Spain Romualdo del Bianco Foundation, Italy approved by the General Assembly Sites Unit Caribbean Regional Branch of the International Council on International Committee for the Conservation of Mosaics Royal Academy of Fine Arts, School of Architecture, Archives (ICCM) Copenhagen, Denmark for the 2006-2007 Biennium are as Joseph King, Unit Director Documentation, Library and Archives Centre de recherche sur la conservation des collections International Committee of the Blue Shield (ICBS) Samuel H. Kress Foundation follows: Paul Arenson, Manager (CRCC), France International Council of Museums (ICOM) Saneyocop (South Asian Network of Young Conservation Centre for Heritage Development in Africa (CHDA), formerly International Council on Archives (ICA) Professionals) Zaki Aslan, Project Manager, ATHAR PMDA, Mombasa, Kenya International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) SEAMEO-SPAFA (Regional Centre for Archaeology and Fine ICCROM Forum María Mata Caravaca, Archivist Centre International de la Construction en Terre - Ecole International Federation of Library Associations and Arts), Thailand Preventive conservation Webber Ndoro, Project Manager, AFRICA Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture de Grenoble (CRATerre- Institutions (IFLA) Soprintendenza archeologica di Pompei, Italy ENSAG), France International Institute for Conservation (IIC) Società Italiana per la Protezione del Patrimonio Culturale, Sharing conservation decisions 2009 Margaret Ohanessian, Library Assistant Centro de Conservação e preservação fotográfica (FUNARTE), IULM University of Languages and Communication , Italy Italy CollAsia 2010 (for Southeast Asian Brazil Istituto Centrale per il Restauro (ICR), Italy Soprintendenza alle Antichità di Ragusa, Italy Centro de Conservação Integrada Urbana e Territorial (CECI), Istituto Centrale per la Patologia del Libro (ICPL) Smithsonian Museum Conservation Institute (MCI) collections) Sadahiko Tanaka, Project Manager Gianna Paganelli, Library Assistant Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil Istituto Universitario di Architettura di Venezia, Italy Soprintendenza Archeologica di Roma, Italy Archives and libraries collections Centro di Fotoriproduzione, Legatoria e Restauro degli Library of Congress, USA Soprintendenza per i beni architettonici e per il paesaggio conservation Gamini Wijesuriya, Project Manager, Nicolina Falciglia, Technical Assistant Archivi di Stato (CFLR) LUISS University, Italy per l’Umbria, Italy Centro Europeo Venezia Ministero degli Affari Esteri, Direzione Generale per la Soprintendenza Regionale dell’Umbria, Italy Built heritage Centro Interdipartimentale di Scienza e Tecnica per la Cooperazione allo Sviluppo, Italy Soprintendenza Regionale per i Beni e le Attività Culturali AFRICA 2009 Baba Keita, Project Specialist, AFRICA Christine Georgeff, Technical Assistance Conservazione del Patrimonio Storico-Architettonico Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali, Italy della Liguria, Genoa, Italy (CISTeC), Italy Ministry of Culture, Azerbaijan South African Heritage Resources Agency ATHAR 2009 Service/Library Assistant Centro Internacional para la Conservación del Patrimonio Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Bulgaria Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (CICOP), Tenerife, Spain (ODG in 2007 no?) Ministry of Culture, Department of Antiquities and Museums, (SIDA), Sweden Valerie Magar, Conservation Specialist Administration and Logistics Centro Nacional de Conservación y Restauración (CNCR), Syrian Arab Republic Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences, Department of Santiago de Chile, Chile Ministry of Culture, Department of Antiquities, Lebanon Landscape Planning (SLU) Bruno Pisani, Manager of Finance and Centro Universitario Europeo dei Beni Culturali, Italy Ministry of Culture, Department of Cultural Heritage Tampere University of Technology, Finland Ernesto Borelli, Laboratory Coordinator Administration Chalmers University of Technology, Göteburg, Sweden Protection, Lithuania UCLA, United States of America Chefferie de Tiébélé Ministry of Culture, Monuments Protection and Sport, UNESCO, Division of Cultural Heritage, Paris, France Coalizione Italiana per la Diversità Culturale, Italy Georgia UNESCO, Division des politiques culturelles et du dialogue Elena Incerti Medici, Roberto Nahum, Information Systems Comando Carabinieri Tutela Patrimonio Culturale Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Norway interculturel, Paris, France Comité de Gestion du Tombeau des Askia, Gao, Mali Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Department for International UNESCO BRESCE, Italy Senior Administrative Assistant Administrator Comune di Ercolano, Italy Development Cooperation, Finland UNESCO Office, Amman, Jordan Commissione Nazionale Italiana per l’UNESCO, Italy Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, Department of UNESCO Office, Bangkok, Thailand Marie-France Adolphe, Administrative Alessandro Menicucci, Head of Accountancy Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), ICVBC, Italy Antiquities, Jordan UNESCO Office, Beirut, Lebanon Cultural Heritage Protection Cooperation Office, Asia/Pacific Mission Culturelle de Bandiagara UNESCO Office, New Delhi, India Assistant, AFRICA 2009 Culture Centre for UNESCO (ACCU), Japan Mombasa Old Town Conservation Office (MOTCO), Kenya UNESCO Office, Ramallah, Palestinian Territories Anna Berardino, Financial Clerk Curso de Especialização em Conservação e Restauração de Municipality of Kotor, Montenegro UNESCO Venice Office, Italy Monumentos e Conjuntos Históricos (CECRE), Brazil Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo, Norway UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Paris, France Rahel Wolde Mikael, Administrative Departamento de Ingegniería Civil, Pontificia Universidad Museum of Srem, Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia UNESCO-PROAP (UNESCO Principal Regional Office for Asia Assistant, ATHAR Maurizio Moriconi, Accountancy Clerk Católica del Perú Naaba of Kokologho and the Pacific), Bangkok, Thailand Department of Antiquities, Malawi Nara Municipality, Japan Università L. Bocconi, Milan, Italy Department of Antiquities, Tanzania National Archives of Brazil (AN), Brazil Università della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy Sonia Widmer, Administrative Assistant Cristina Parrini, Accountancy Clerk Department of Antiquities and Museums, Uganda National Board of Antiquities, Finland Università di Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy DIANA Department for Preventive Conservation, National National Centre for Arts and Culture, the Gambia Université Libanaise, Centre de Conservation et Restauration, Museum in Belgrade, Serbia National Commission for Museums and Monuments, Nigeria Tripoli, Lebanon Collections Unit Enrico Carra, Head of Logistics Direcção Geral dos Edificíos e Monumentos Nacionais, National Heritage Board, Sweden University of Botswana Catherine Antomarchi, Unit Director Portugal National Heritage Conservation Commission, Zambia University of Hong Kong, Architectural Conservation Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Bénin National Institute for Cultural Monuments, Bulgaria Programme, China Pietro Baldi, Logistics Assistant Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Burkina Faso National Monuments Council, Namibia University of Perugia, Italy Rosalia Varoli-Piazza, Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Cameroun National Museum in Belgrade, Serbia University Roma 3, Italy ICCROM Newsletter, 33 Senior Conservation Adviser Giuseppe Cioffi, Driver & Messenger Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Gabon National Museum of Ethnology, Leiden, Netherlands University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Madagascar National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe University of Nova Gorica, Slovenia June 2007 Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Niger National Museums of Kenya University of Santo Tomes, Philippines Katriina Similä, Project Manager Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Sénégal National Museums of Namibia University of Tor Vergata,Italy Direction de la Conservation du Patrimoine Culturel du Togo National Museum of the Philippines, Manila University of Urbino, Italy ISBN 92-9077-209-3 Direction du Patrimoine Culturel et du Développement National Park Service, USA University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe ISSN 1010-2639 Aparna Tandon, Project Specialist Culturel, Congo National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, Nara US/ICOMOS © ICCROM 2007 Direction Nationale du Patrimoine Culturel, Mali (NRICPN), Japan Valletta Rehabilitation Project Office, Malta Direction Régionale des Sports et de la Culture, Gao, Mali National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, Tokyo La Venaria Reale, Scuola di Alta Formazione, Centro José Luiz Pedersoli, Research Scientist DOCOMOMO International (NRICPT), Japan Conservazione Restauro, Italy Cover photograph: River Arno Ecole du Patrimoine Africain (EPA), Benin National Research Laboratory for Conservation of Cultural World Conservation Union (IUCN) Escuela de Estudios Arabes, Granada, Spain Property (NRLCP), India World Monuments Fund (WMF) and Ponte Vecchio, Florence, Isabelle d’Ailhaud de Brisis, Estonian Academy of Arts, Tallinn, Estonia ©Jupiterimages/AFP. Administrative Assistant ICCROM NEWSLETTER

June 2007 English edition 33

ICCROM (International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property) is an intergovernmental organization (IGO), and the only institution of its kind dedicated to the protection and preservation of cultural heritage worldwide, including monuments and sites, as well as museum, library and archive collections. ICCROM fulfils its mission through collecting and disseminating information; co-ordinating research; offering consultancy and advice; providing advanced training; and promoting CONTENTS awareness of the value of preserving cultural Developing Partnerships: the Key to ICCROM’s Future...... 1 heritage. ICCROM News and Events...... 5 Remembering the Florence Flood...... 8 ICCROM CollAsia 2010: Teaming Up...... 9 Via di San Michele, 13 I-00153 Rome, Italy Advancing Research in Risk Management Applications Telephone: +39-06585531 to Cultural Property ...... 10 Fax: +39-0658553349 New International Course on Conservation [email protected] of Built Heritage...... 12 www. iccrom.org UNESCO-ICCROM Asian Academy for Heritage Management...... 13 The Design of Protective Structures for the Conservation and French, Spanish and Arabic versions of this Presentation of Archaeological Sites in the Mediterranean.....14 Newsletter are available on request. The EPA Fund: Building on Success...... 16 Laws Protecting the Immovable Cultural Heritage in Sub-Saharan Africa...... 17 Reflections on Sharing Conservation Decisions Courses....18 Pacific Islands Museums Association (PIMA)...... 20 ICCROM Library: Selected New Acquisitions...... 21

INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THE STUDY OF THE PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THE STUDY OF THE PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY