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Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Alysiinae) Bracónidos exodontos de España (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Alysiinae) Xavier Pardo Pascual Tesis Doctoral Salamanca, 10 de abril de 2010 Las imágenes de la contraportada se corresponden, de izquierda a derecha y de arriba abajo, con: a) Aspilota propeminima Fischer, Tormos, Pardo & Asís, 2008 (♀) (Braconidae: Alysiinae: Alysiini) b) Aphaereta minuta (Nees, 1811), (♀) (Braconidae: Alysiinae: Alysiini) c) Chorebus crenesulcis Fischer, Tormos, Pardo, Jiménez, 2002 (♂) (Braconidae: Alysiinae: Alysiini) d) Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau, 1851) (pupario + adulto) (Agromyzidae) e) Mina de C. horticola (Goureau) en hoja de Brassica oleracea Linnaeus Los Doctores D. José Tormos Ferrando (Universidad de Salamanca), D. Ricardo Jiménez Peydró (Universidad de Valencia) y D. Josep Daniel Asís Pardo (Universidad de Salamanca), HACEN CONSTAR: Que la Tesis Doctoral titulada “Bracónidos exodontos de España (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Alysiinae)” presentada por D. Xavier Pardo Pascual para su lectura en la Universidad de Salamanca, ha sido realizada bajo su dirección. Y para autorizar su presentación y evaluación por el tribunal correspondiente, firman la presente a 5 de abril de 2010. Fdo.: J. Tormos Fdo.: R. Jiménez Fdo.: J.D. Asís Fdo. X. Pardo (Doctorando) A Maria Pilar AGRADECIMIENTOS Quisiera expresar mi agradecimiento a mis directores José Tormos, Ricardo Jiménez y Josep Daniel Asís, por haberme dado la oportunidad de realizar esta investigación, por la confianza depositada en mi, por su apoyo científico y por su amistad; a ellos corresponde gran parte del mérito que pueda tener este trabajo. Al profesor Ignacio Docavo, maestro de numerosos entomólogos valencianos que con su entusiasmo y dedicación me introdujo en el complejo mundo de los himenópteros parasitoides, y que sigue siendo hoy en día ejemplo de trabajo y tesón. En el camino recorrido durante estos 15 años he cosechado muchas satisfacciones, pero quizás la mayor ha sido el realizar parte de mi trabajo a la sombra de gigantes y por ello debo agradecer la ayuda prestada a los mejores especialistas europeos en el estudio de esta familia: a los doctores Kees van Achterberg que me acogió con tanta cordialidad en el Naturalis (Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum) de Leiden, Jenö Papp que me permitió llevar a cabo la revisión de su colección en el Hungarian Natural History Museum de Budapest, Sergey A. Belokobylskij y Vladimir I. Tobias por su extrema amabilidad y su dedicación en mi estancia en el Zoological Institute of Russia de San Petesburgo, a la Dra. Kim Goodger por su asistencia en mi investigación en el Natural History Museum de Londres. Al acompañamiento y dedicación del Dr. Maximiliam Fischer por todos los consejos, exhortaciones y tutorización de mi trabajo en el Naturhistorisches Museum de Viena, y por su amistad. Agradezco a la Dra. María Teresa Oltra de la unidad de Entomologia del Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva de València su dedicación y apoyo en el trabajo realizado durante el DEA que me permitió completar el marco de la investigación. Quisiera agradecer la ayuda y consejos de Mario García y de los compañeros del laboratorio de Genética molecular del departamento de Genética de la Unversitat de València y a su director el Dr. Lluís Pascual por su entrega en el trabajo molecular que ha implicado mi investigación. Y al Servicio Central de Soporte a la Investigación Experimental de la Universitat de València. A los especialistas en otras áreas de la entomología con los que he tenido el placer de colaborar como la Dra María Jesús Verdú del Departamento de Protección Vegetal, I.V.I.A., los doctores Severiano Fernández Gayubo y Manuel Portillo Rubio del Departamento de Biologia Animal de la Universidad de Salamanca, y el Dr. Jesús Selfa del Departamento de Biologia Animal de la Universitat de València Quisiera expresar mi gratitud a los especialistas que me han ayudado en la comprobación, determinación y comentarios sobre algunas especies, como son los Doctores: Hedqvist del Swedish Museum of Natural History, Michel Martínez del Laboratoire de Faunistique Ecologique, I.N.R.A., y G.C.D. Griffiths de la University of Alberta. Finalmente, expresar mi agradecimiento a la Fundacion Entomológica "Torres- Sala", al Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, así como a la Consejería de Educación y Cultura de la Junta de Castilla y León, por subvencionar los proyectos que condujeron al la publicación de algunos de los trabajos incluidos en esta tesis. ÍNDICE Capítulo I: Introducción general y Objetivos .......................................... 1 Introducción ...................................................................................................3 Referencias citadas.......................................................................................10 Objetivos y organización de la memoria .....................................................14 Capítulo II: Material y métodos general................................................. 15 Material estudiado y obtención del mismo..................................................17 Preparación del material ..............................................................................17 Terminología................................................................................................18 Establecimiento de diagnosis, parentesco y elaboración de claves .............21 Análisis filogenético....................................................................................22 Referencias citadas.......................................................................................26 Capítulo III. Resultados y Discusión ....................................................... 29 - Artículo 1: Particularidades morfológicas del último estado larvario de Dacnusa rodriguezi, especie parasitoide de Chromatomyia horticola (Hymenoptera, Braconidae; Díptera, Agromyzidae)...............................31 X. Pardo, J. Tormos & R. Jiménez, 2000. Fragmenta entomologica, 32: 299-303. Resumen...................................................................................................... 32 Introducción................................................................................................ 33 Material y método....................................................................................... 33 Descripción de la larva ............................................................................... 34 Discusión .................................................................................................... 35 Referencias.................................................................................................. 36 - Artículo 2: Description of Chorebus denticurvatus sp. nov. and the Exuviae of its Final Larval Instar (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Alysiinae ... ..................................................................................................................39 X. Pardo, J. Tormos & M. J. Verdú, 2001. Florida Entomologist 2001, 84: 652-658. Abstract.........................................................................................................40 Introduction...................................................................................................41 Chorebus denticurvatus sp. nov....................................................................42 Keys ..............................................................................................................45 Cast skin of final instar larva ........................................................................46 References cited............................................................................................49 X - Artículo 3: New Dacnusini from the Iberian Peninsula and the Canary Islands (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Alysiinae) ........................................53 M. Fischer, J. Tormos, X. Pardo & R. Jiménez, 2002. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 109: 715-723. Abstract.........................................................................................................54 Introduction...................................................................................................55 Systematic part..............................................................................................55 Dacnusini ......................................................................................................55 Coloneura fuerteventurensis sp. n. ..............................................................56 Coloneura ortegae sp. n. ..............................................................................58 Chorebus crenesulcis sp. n. .........................................................................61 Chorebus fragilosus sp. n. ............................................................................63 References.....................................................................................................65 - Artículo 4: Descriptions of adults, immature stages and venom apparatus of two new species of Dacnusini: Chorebus pseudoasphodeli sp. n., parasitic on Phytomyza chaerophili Kaltenbach and C. pseudoasramenes sp. n., parasitic on Cerodontha phragmitophila Bering (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Alysiinae; Diptera: Agromyzidae.........................................67 J. Tormos, X. Pardo, R. Jiménez, J. D. Asís & S. F. Gayubo, 2003. European Journal of Entomology, 100: 393-400. Abstract.........................................................................................................68 Introduction...................................................................................................69
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