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Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Alysiinae ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: European Journal of Taxonomy Jahr/Year: 2017 Band/Volume: 0386 Autor(en)/Author(s): Peris-Felipo Ferancisco Javier, Belokobylskij Sergey A. Artikel/Article: The genus Synaldis Foerster, 1863 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Alysiinae) in the Neotropical region: fi rst record, descriptions of new species and a key to the New World taxa 1-28 © European Journal of Taxonomy; download unter http://www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu; www.zobodat.at European Journal of Taxonomy 386: 1–28 ISSN 2118-9773 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2017.386 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2017 · Peris-Felipo F.J. & Belokobylskij S.A. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Research article urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:12B1D2CD-B743-4651-82F5-D091462C2B03 The genus Synaldis Foerster, 1863 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Alysiinae) in the Neotropical region: fi rst record, descriptions of new species and a key to the New World taxa Francisco Javier PERIS-FELIPO 1,* & Sergey A. BELOKOBYLSKIJ 2 1 Bleichestrasse 15, CH–4058 Basel, Switzerland. 2 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, 199034, Russia; Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, Warszawa 00–679, Poland. * Corresponding author: [email protected] 2 Email: [email protected] 1 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:C7B698F7-0A6A-4C4A-915F-8D5ACC380853 2 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:13EDEDEF-68BA-430B-8FC3-0096874859AB Abstract. The genus Synaldis Foerster, 1863 is recorded in the Neotropical region for the fi rst time. Five new Neotropical species, S. brasiliense Peris-Felipo, sp. nov., S. fritzi Peris-Felipo, sp. nov., S. longifl agellaris Peris-Felipo, sp. nov., S. magnioculis Peris-Felipo, sp. nov., and S. novateutoniae Peris-Felipo, sp. nov., are described and illustrated. The original combination for Synaldis ulmicola Ashmead, 1889 stat. rev. is proposed. A key for the determination of the all New World Synaldis species is provided. Key words. Braconidae, Alysiinae, Synaldis, Nearctic and Neotropical regions, new species, key. Peris-Felipo F.J. & Belokobylskij S.A. 2017. The genus Synaldis Foerster, 1863 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Alysiinae) in the Neotropical region: fi rst record, descriptions of new species and a key to the New World taxa. European Journal of Taxonomy 386: 1–28. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2017.386 Introduction The status of the Alysiinae genus Synaldis Foerster, 1863 has been uncertain for a long time. Van Achterberg (1988) revised the Aspilota genera group and synonymized this genus with the re-established genus Dinotrema Foerster, 1863 on the basis of the plesiomorphic state of the unenlarged paraclypeal pits. As a result, he distributed the former species of Synaldis among the genera Aspilota Foerster, 1863 and Dinotrema according to the new diagnostic feature, the size of the paraclypeal areas. However, such a synonymy of Synaldis was not supported by several experts working on alysiine taxa (Fischer 1993a, 1993b; Papp 2000; Belokobylskij 2002). It is necessary to underline that such an apomorphic feature, as the complete reduction of vein 2-SR, is an evolutionary event which was also accompanied by the disappearance of the break (corner) between veins r and 3-SR, this part of the veins is only gently and relatively widely curved. Such an apomorphic state of the wing venation represents an important qualitative transformation and can reliably support the generic status of Synaldis (Belokobylskij 2002) 1 © European Journal of Taxonomy; download unter http://www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu; www.zobodat.at European Journal of Taxonomy 386: 1–28 (2017) in spite of the rare present reduction of vein 2-SR in some specimens of a few species of Dinotrema. For that reason, we prefer to keep the generic status for Synaldis until any results of a molecular phylogenetic study of taxa of Alysiinae. Rather recently, Fischer (2003) established the genus Adelphenaldis, whose species differ from Synaldis only by the length of the paraclypeal fovea, which reaches the margin of the eye in Adelphenaldis, and is thus equivalent to the species of ‘Synaldis’ that Van Achterberg (1988) placed in Aspilota. Peris-Felipo & Belokobylskij (2016) published a key for the identifi cation of these four related genera. The genus Synaldis comprises about a hundred species described in the Afrotropical, Oriental, Australasian, Oceanic, Nearctic and Palaearctic regions (Fischer 1962, 1967a, 1967b, 1971, 1993a, 1993b, 2003; Belokobylskij 2002, 2004a, 2004b; Belokobylskij & Tobias 2007; Peris-Felipo et al. 2014b). The genus, however, had not been discovered in the Neotropical region until the present work. Members of the genus Synaldis are often reared from agaric mushrooms and recorded as parasitoids of the larvae and puparia of the dipterous families Phoridae (mainly) and Drosophilidae (doubtfully) (Hussey 1960; Fischer 2005; Yu et al. 2012). In this paper, the genus Synaldis is recorded for the fi rst time from the Neotropical region. Five new Neotropical species, S. brasiliense Peris-Felipo, sp. nov., S. fritzi Peris-Felipo, sp. nov., S. longifl agellaris Peris-Felipo, sp. nov., S. novateutoniae Peris-Felipo, sp. nov. and S. magnioculis Peris-Felipo, sp. nov., are described and illustrated. The combination, Synaldis ulmicola Ashmead, 1889 stat. rev., is also proposed after type revision. The records of the Nearctic species S. cabinica Fischer, 1967 in Korea and Russia (Far East) (Papp 1996; Belokobylskij 2002) and S. exitiosae Fischer, 1967 in Turkey (Beyarslan & Inanç 1992) are very doubtful and we exclude these regions in the distributions in our key. Materials and methods For the terminology of morphological features, sculpture and measurements see Peris-Felipo et al. (2014a); for wing venation nomenclature see Van Achterberg (1993); for measurements of the marginal cell see Fig. 1. Fig. 1. Marginal cell of fore wing, measurements. 2 © European Journal of Taxonomy; download unter http://www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu; www.zobodat.at PERIS-FELIPO F.J. & BELOKOBYLSKIJ S.A., The genus Synaldis in the Neotropical region Table 1. A list of studied type material of the previously described New World species and place of their preservation. * This species was originally described as Synaldis ulmicola by Ashmead (1889), however Fischer (1967b) placed it in the genus Aspilota as Aspilota ulmicola. After revision of the holotype we consider it to belong within the genus Synaldis by the absence of vein 2-SR. Studied species Status of type Sex Place of preservation Synaldis acutidens Fischer, 1967 Paratype ♀ NHMW Synaldis alfalfae Fischer, 1967 Paratype ♂ NHMW Synaldis altera Fischer, 1967 Paratype ♂ NHMW Synaldis blantoni Fischer, 1967 Holotype ♂ NMNH Synaldis cabinica Fischer, 1967 Paratype ♀ NHMW Synaldis diffi cilis Fischer, 1967 Paratype ♂ NHMW Synaldis exitiosae Fischer, 1967 Paratype ♀, ♂ NHMW Synaldis glabrifovea Fischer, 1967 Paratype ♀ NHMW Synaldis incisa Gahan, 1912 Paratype ♀ NHMW Synalids liliputana Fischer, 1967 Holotype ♂ NMNH Synaldis megaseliae Fischer, 1967 Paratype ♀ NHMW Synaldis numerosa Fischer, 1967 Paratype ♀ NHMW Synaldis painteri Fischer, 1967 Paratype ♀, ♂ NHMW Synaldis pygmaea Viereck, 1917 Holotype ♂ NMNH Synaldis quinnipiacorum Viereck, 1917 Holotype ♀ NMNH Synaldis rotudidens Fischer, 1967 Paratype ♂ NHMW Synaldis segmentata Fischer, 1967 Holotype ♀ NMNH Synaldis spiraculosa Fischer, 1967 Holotype ♀ NMNH Synaldis ulmicola Ashmead, 1889* Holotype ♀ NMNH Material was imaged using a Digital Microscope Keyence® VHX-2000 and Adobe Photoshop® imaging system. The types of described and studied species are deposited in the collections listed below and in Table 1: BMNH = Natural History Museum (London, UK) NHMW = Naturhistorisches Museum Wien (Austria) NMNH = Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (USA) ZISP = Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (St Petersburg, Russia) Results Taxonomic treatment Five new Neotropical species of the genus Synaldis are described and illustrated: S. brasiliense Peris- Felipo, sp. nov., S. fritzi Peris-Felipo, sp. nov., S. longifl agellaris Peris-Felipo, sp. nov., S. magnioculis Peris-Felipo, sp. nov. and S. novateutoniae Peris-Felipo, sp. nov. S. magnioculis Peris-Felipo, sp. nov. The type material of the Nearсtic species deposited in the Smithsonian Institution (Washington, USA; NMNH) and the Naturhistorisches Museum (Wien, Austria; NHMW) were revised; a new combination for previously member of Aspilota genus, Synaldis ulmicola Ashmead, 1889 stat. rev. is suggested. 3 © European Journal of Taxonomy; download unter http://www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu; www.zobodat.at European Journal of Taxonomy 386: 1–28 (2017) Class Hexapoda Blainville, 1816 Order Hymenoptera Linnaeus, 1758 Family Braconidae Nees, 1811 Subfamily Alysiinae Leach, 1815 Tribe Alysiini Leach, 1815 Genus Synaldis Foerster, 1863 Diagnosis Mandibles tridentate, teeth of differing shape and length. Paraclypeal fovea short, far from reaching ventral margin of eye. Mesoscutal pit present or absent. Precoxal sulcus always present, usually not reaching anterior and posterior margins of mesopleuron. Pterostigma very long and narrow. Vein 2-SR always absent; break between veins r and 3-SR absent and abscissae here only gently and rather widely curved. Veins m-cu and cu-a always postfurcal. Hosts Diptera larvae, mainly of the family Phoridae and possibly Drosophilidae.
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