Resource Guide for the Second CWC Review Conference 2008
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WMD A4 cover & back 5/3/08 10:36 Page 1 hsp the harvard sussex program on chemical and biological weapons (CBW) Resource Guide for the Second CWC Review Conference 2008 etermined for the sake of all mankind, to exclude comple e possibility of the use of chemical weapons Never to develop, produce, otherwise acquire, stockpile or retain chemical weapons Never to assist, encourage or induce, in any way, anyone to engage To destroy chemical weapons Not to use riot control agents as a method of warfare long as the types and quantities are consistent with Take into account any relevant scientific and technological developments Avoids hampering the economic or technolo velopment of States Parties Resource Guide for the CWC Second Review Conference 2008 Prepared by the Harvard Sussex Program Written and compiled by Daniel Feakes and Caitríona McLeish Printed in cooperation with TMC Asser Press, The Hague ISBN: 1-903721-06-7 March 2008 HSP CWC Resource Guide Page 2 of 432 Acknowledgements The authors would firstly like to express their gratitude to the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Portugal and SPRU at the University of Sussex for providing funding for the production, printing and distribution of this Resource Guide. We would like to thank in particular, Sarah Broughton, Lyn Parker, Jacqueline Daley, Hasita Patel, Tsui-Ling Yu, Wouter Wormgoor, Henkcor van der Kwast, Maarten Lak and Filipe Ramalheira. A number of people have offered comments and provided suggestions on various draft versions of the Resource Guide for which we are all very grateful; they include Julian Perry Robinson, Graham Pearson, Jonathan Tucker and Ralf Trapp. We would also like to thank members of the OPCW Technical Secretariat who have offered us support and assistance. Last but by no means least we would like to thank Richard Guthrie whose help in the production of this Resource Guide was invaluable. HSP CWC Resource Guide Page 3 of 432 HSP CWC Resource Guide Page 4 of 432 Resource Guide for the Second CWC Review Conference 2008 Contents Abbreviations and Acronyms 8 Introduction 9 1 The Treaties 13 1.1 1925 Geneva Protocol Text of the Protocol 19 High Contracting Parties and Other Signatory State 20 1.2 1972 Biological Weapons Convention Text of the Convention 25 States Parties and Other Signatory States 29 1.3 1977 Environmental Modification Convention Text of the Convention 33 States Parties and Other Signatory States 37 1.4 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention States Parties, Other Signatory States and Non-Signatory States 45 2 CWC Documents 57 2.1 First CWC Review Conference Political Declaration of the First CWC Review Conference (2003) [RC-1/3] 59 Report of the First CWC Review Conference (2003) [RC-1/5] 63 2.2 Action Plans Action Plan on National Implementation (2003) [C-8/DEC.16] 95 Action Plan on Universality (2003) [EC-M-23/DEC.3] 99 2.3 Scientific Advisory Board Report of the Scientific Advisory Board (2003) [RC-1/DG.2] 103 2.4 Academic Forum and Industry and Protection Forum Note by the Technical Secretariat on the Forums [S/674/2008] 131 3 UN Headquarters Documents 145 3.1 United Nations General Assembly Resolution on the UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy [A/RES/60/288 (2006)] 149 Resolution on the Implementation of the CWC [A/RES/62/23 (2007)] 158 3.2 United Nations Security Council Resolution 687 [S/RES/687 (1991)] 161 Presidential Statement on Non-Proliferation (1992) [S/23500] 165 Resolution 1284 [S/RES/1284 (1999)] 171 Resolution 1540 [S/RES/1540 (2004)] 179 Resolution 1673 [S/RES/1673 (2006)] 183 Resolution 1762 [S/RES/1762 (2007)] 185 3.3 United Nations Secretary-General A More Secure World (2004) [A/59/565, extracts] 191 In Larger Freedom (2005) [A/59/2005, extracts] 199 3.4 UNSG Investigative Mechanism UN General Assembly Resolution 37/98 D [A/RES/37/98 D (1982)] 205 UN Security Council Resolution 620 [S/RES/620 (1988)] 206 UN General Assembly Resolution 45/57 C [A/RES/45/57 C (1990)] 207 4 Documents from Other International Organizations 209 4.1 International Maritime Organization (IMO) Protocol to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety 211 of Maritime Navigation (2005) [LEG/CONF.15/DC/1] 4.2 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Report on activities in the areas of chemicals and administrative support (2006) [UNEP/POPS/COP.2/INF/20] 233 4.3 World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Assembly Resolution 55.16 (2002) 239 Public health response to biological and chemical weapons (2004) [extract] 241 5 Documents from Regional and Other Organizations/Regions 245 5.1 African Union (AU) Decision on the Implementation and Universality of the CWC 247 [AHG/Dec. 182 (XXXVIII)] 5.2 Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) ASEAN Regional Forum Statement on Non-Proliferation (2004) 249 5.3 European Union (EU) Common Position on the universalisation and reinforcement of multilateral 253 agreements in the field of WMD non-proliferation (2003) [2003/805/CFSP] Joint Action on support for OPCW activities (2004) [2004/797/CFSP] 256 Joint Action on support for OPCW activities (2005) [2005/913/CFSP] 263 Joint Action on support for OPCW activities (2007) [2007/185/CFSP] 271 Common Position on the 2008 CWC Review Conference [2007/469/CFSP] 283 5.4 Latin America Declaration of Mendoza (1991) 287 Cartagena Declaration on Renunciation of Weapons of Mass Destruction (1991) 289 5.5 Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) 14th Summit Conference of Heads of State or Government of the Non-Aligned 291 Movement, Havana (2006) [extract] 5.6 Organization of American States (OAS) The Americas as a Biological and Chemical-Weapons-Free Region 295 [AG/RES. 2000 (XXXIV-O/04)] 6 Documents from Other Arrangements 297 6.1 Australia Group Control List of Chemical Weapons Precursors (2004) 299 Control List of Dual-Use Chemical Manufacturing Facilities, Equipment, 301 and Related Technology (2006) 6.2 G8 The Global Partnership, Kananaskis (2002) 307 Evian WMD Non-Proliferation Declaration (2003) 311 Evian WMD Action Plan (2003) 313 Sea Island Non-Proliferation Action Plan (2004) 315 Gleneagles Non-Proliferation Statement (2005) 319 St Petersburg Non-Proliferation Statement (2006) 325 Heiligendamm Non-Proliferation Statement (2007) 328 6.3 Proliferation Security Initiative Statement of Interdiction Principles (2003) 333 7 Other Documents 335 7.1 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Impact of Scientific Developments on the Chemical Weapons Convention 339 Education, Outreach and Codes of Conduct to Further the Norms and Obligations 365 of the Chemical Weapons Convention 7.2 Harvard Sussex Program Draft Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Developing, 389 Producing, Acquiring, Stockpiling, Retaining, Transferring or Using Biological or Chemical Weapons 7.3 The US National Academies Globalization, Biosecurity, and the Future of the Life Sciences [executive summary] 399 7.4 WMD Commission Weapons of Terror: Freeing the World of Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Arms 415 (2006) [Chapter 5] 8 Further Reading 429 Feedback form 431 Abbreviations and Acronyms AG Australia Group ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations BW Biological Weapons BWC Biological Weapons Convention CBW Chemical and biological warfare/weapons CD Conference on Disarmament CW Chemical Weapons CWC Chemical Weapons Convention EU European Union G8 Group of Eight Nations IMO International Maritime Organization IO International Organization NAM Non-Aligned Movement NGO Non-Governmental Organization OAS Organization of American States OPCW Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons PrepCom Preparatory Commission PSI Proliferation Security Initiative SAICM Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management SUA Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Maritime Navigation UN United Nations UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNGA United Nations General Assembly UNODA United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs UNSC United Nations Security Council UNSG United Nations Secretary-General WHO World Health Organization WMD Weapons of Mass Destruction HSP CWC Resource Guide Page 8 of 432 Introduction States Parties to the 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) will reconvene in The Hague for the treaty’s Second Review Conference during 7-18 April 2008. In an effort to facilitate and stimulate active participation by government delegations, the Harvard Sussex Program on Chemical and Biological Weapons (HSP) has developed this comprehensive CWC Resource Guide. It contains documents relating to the CW regime, including: official documents and other texts; documents from the United Nations and other regional organisations; documents from informal arrangements; and supporting material from various non-governmental organisations (NGOs). Although designed primarily for Review Conference delegates, HSP hopes this Resource Guide will also be a useful resource for researchers, NGOs, journalists and other in civil society with an interest in the CW regime embodied in the CWC. The Harvard Sussex Program has been a longstanding supporter of the CWC. The Convention is a pioneering treaty in that it not only comprehensively bans an entire category of weapons of mass destruction which had been widely used and stockpiled during the 20th century, but that it also contains the most sophisticated verification system of any modern arms control and disarmament treaty. In its short lifespan, the CWC has attracted 183 States Parties (as of 1 March 2008) and has become an integral part of efforts to maintain international peace and security, reflecting as it does a longstanding norm against the use of poison in warfare. The Second Review Conference is an opportunity to build on the results of the First Review Conference in 2003 and the achievements of the intervening years. The CWC is approaching a period of transition as declared stockpiles are gradually destroyed, so the Review Conference is also an opportunity to look to the future and to set the Convention on a course for the Third Review Conference and beyond.