ft84 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD-SENATE..

Also, papers to accompany House bill 5594, to increase the By Mr. WASON: Memorial of Grafton County (N. H.) Medi­ pension of Leander McGrew; to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ cal Association, favoring a sufficient number of medical officers sions. in the Regular Army ; to the Committee on l\lilitary Affairs. By l\1r. STEDMAN: Petitions of citizens of fifth North Carolina By Mr. YOUNG of North Dakota: Petition of Presbyterian congressional district, protesting against Owen-Palmer child­ Church of Lisbon, for national prohibition; to the Committee . labor bill; to the Committee on Labor. on the Judiciary. Al. o, petitions of sundry citizens of North Carolina, protesting Also, petition of Stutsman County Union of F. E. C. E., of ngnin t the Palmer-Owen cllild-labor bill ; to the Committee on North Dakota, against preparedness; to the Committee on Mili­ Labor. tary Affairs. By Mr. STEENERSON: Petition of citizens of Thief River Falls, finn., protesting against preparedness; to the Commit­ tee on 1\lilit.ary Affairs. SENATE. By Mr. STEPHENS of : Memorial of Common Coun­ cil of City of San Diego, Cal., relative to granting rights to WEDNESDAY, January 5, 1916. Sun Diego for dam and re ervoir purposes; to the Committee on The Chaplain, Rev. Forrest J. Prettyma.n, D. D., offered the the Public Lands. following prayer : Also, petition of 1.\Iary E. Carbutt, chairman committee of Almighty God, we come before Thee that Thou mayest fulfill ·woman's Christi.an Temperance Union, Los Angeles, CaL; the a great purpose in us. ·we can not always discern the path of Men's League of the Friends Church of Whittier, Cal. ; the Reli­ the Divine plan, but by the manifestation of Thy truth Thou gious Society of Friends, of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and part hast given us to know that life in its fullest expression is to of Maryland; and the Society of Friends, Huntington Park, Cal., have a larger sphere and to fulfill a Divine commis ion. Thy opposing preparedness; to the Committee on Military Affa:irs. Word is in our hearts and is the light shining across the vast Also, petition of the Methodist Brotherhood of Vincent Metho­ tracts of the years leading us unto the perfed day. We pray dist Church, Los Angeles, Cal., asking for the printing of the that Thou wilt guide us this day by Thy truth. For Christ's report of. the Commission on Industrial Relations for free dis­ sake. Amen. tribution; to the Committee on Printing. The Journal of yesterday's procee~gs was read and approved. Also, petition of Meese & Gottfried Co., protesting restricted efficiency legislation; to the Committee on the Judiciary. · LANDS IN IMPERIAT" VALLEY, CAL. (S. DOC. NO. 232). Also, petition of the Merchants' Association of San Diego, Cal., The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a communica­ and of the board of supervisors, county of San Luis Obispo, Cal., ti-on from the Secretary of the Interior, transmitting, pursuant relating to the oil indUstry; to the Committee on the Judiciary. to law, a copy of the report of the consulting engineer to the Also, petition of W. S. Hancock Council, N9. 20, Junior Order Secretary of the Interior relative to the proposed plan for the United American Mechanics, favoring the passage of laws re­ protection of the lands and property in the Imperial Valley, stricting undesirable immigration; to the Committee on Immi­ Cal., against overflows of the Colorado River, which was re­ gration and Naturalization. ferred to the Committee on Commerce and ordered to be printed. Also, petition of the German-American League of California, protesting against suspension of parcel post service to Germany FLATHEAD INDIAN RESERVATION, MO~T. (H. DOC. NO. 4,76). and Austria-Hungary; to the Committee on the Post Offiee and Tlle VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a communi­ Post Roads. cation from the Secretary of the Interior, transmitting, pursu­ Also, petition of Santa Monica Chamber of Commerce, asking ant to law, a report of withdrawals made under authority of that a tax be placed on export of war munitions ; to the Commit­ the act of March 3, 1909, within the Flathead Indian Reserva­ tee on Ways and Means. tion, Mont., in connection with the Flathead project for reser­ Also, petition of San Francisco Chamber of Commerce, asking voir and protection purposes, which was referred to the Com­ improvement of coast-survey work on Pacific coast and appro­ mittee on Irrigation and Reclamation of Arid Lands and priation of money to buy vessels ther~for; to the Committee on ordered to be printed. the Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Also, petition of Associated Chambers of Commerce of BLACKFEET INDIAN RESERVATION, MONT. (H. DOC. NO. 477). Orange County, Cal., favoring Newlands-Broussard river-regula­ Tl1e VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a communica­ tion bill; to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. tion from the Secretary of the Interior, transmitting, pursu­ Also, petition of San Diego Chamber of Commerce, urging ant to law, a report of all reservations made in conformity with improvement of Pacific coast survey and appropriation of money the act of June 25, 1910, in connection with the construction in to buy vessels for same ; to the Committee on the Merchant Ma­ the irrigation project within the Blackfeet Indian Reservation, rine and Fisheries. Mont., which was referred to the Qommittee on Irrigation and Also. memorial of Chamber of Commerce of Riverside County, Reclamation of Arid Lands. Cal., favoring Newlands-Broussard river-reg1Jlution bill; to the REPORT OF FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION (H. DOC. NO. 475). Committee on Rivers and Harbors. Also, petition of board of directors of southern San Joaquin The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate the annual inigution district, favoring Western States reclamation con­ report of the Federal Trade Commission for the fiscal year ference; to the Committee on the Public Lands. ended June 30, 1915, which was referred to the Committee on By Mr. STEPHENS of Texas : Petitions of merchants of Printing. Tulia, Kress, Abernathy, Hale Center, and Friona, Tex., relative JIIESSA.GE FROM THE HOUSE. to taxing mail-order houses; to the Committee on Ways and A message from the House of Representatives, by J. C. South, Means. its Chief Clerk, announced that the House had passed the fol­ By Mr. STINESS : Memorial of Quonocontaug Grange, No. lowing bills, in which it requested the concurrence of the 48, Patrons of Husbandry, Westerly, R. I., favoring national Senate: prohibition; to the Committee on the Judiciai""y. H. R~ 136. An act granting an extension of time to construct Also, papers in support of House bill 4625, grunting an a bridge across Rock River at or near Colona Ferry, in the increase of pension to Joseph Walker; to the Committee on In­ State of Illinois; valid Pensions. H. R. 3681. An act authorizing the construction of a bridge By l\Ir. SULLOW AY: Memorial of Swedish Evangelical l\lis­ across the Arkansas River at or near Tulsa, Okla.; and sion Church, of Manchester, N. H., relative to peace; to the H. R. 4717. An act to authorize Butler Cotmty, l\Io., to con­ Committee on Military Affairs. struct a bridge across Black River. Also, memorial of Grafton County (N. H.) Medical Society, relative to proper medical care and attention for the Army; PEI'ITION~ AND M:EM:ORIALS. to the Committee on Military Affairs. Mr. SMITH of South Carolina presented memorials of sundry By Mr. TIMBERLAKE: Petition of David Aken and 99 citizens of South Carolina, remonstrating against the enactment other citizens of Vona, Colo., opposing preparedness; to the of legislation to prohibit interstate commerce in the products Committee on Military Affairs. of child labor, which were referred to the Committee on Edu­ Also, memorial of Denver Chamber of Co;mmerce, relative to cation and Labor. transportation of the mails ; to the Committee on Interstate and Mr. ROBINSON. I present a resolution of railway employees Foreign Commerce. residing at Van Bm·en, Ark., asking that the report of the By l\lr. TILSON : Petition of business men of Meriden, Conn., Federal Commission on Industrial Relutions be printed and favoring taxing mail-order houses; to the Committee on Ways distributed. I ask that the resolution be printed in the and l\feuns. RECORD and referred to the Committee on Printing. 1916. OONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 485_

'.rh~re being no objection, the resolution was referred to the Mr. MYERS. I present a petition of the pupils of the Valley Committee on Printing and ordered to be printed in the RECOllD, View School, of Polson, Mont., praying for an increased appro­ as follows: priation for the Flathead reclamation project in Montana. I Whereas by an act of our National Congress approved August" 23, 1912, ask that the petition be printed in the REOORD with the name of the Federal Commission on Industrial Relations was created, and the first signer thereof and that it be referred to the Committee directed, along with other duties, to inquire-- on Irrigation and Reclamation of Arid Lands. "Into the general conditions of labor e.ngaged in the principal industries of the ; · There being no objection, the petition wns referred to the " Into existing relations between employers and employees ; Committee on Irrigation and Reclamation of Arid Lands and " Into the etrect of industrial conditions on public welfare and ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows_. into the rights and powers of the community to deal therewith ; " Into the extent and results of methods of collective bargaining; VALLEY VIEW SCHOOLHOUSE. "Into any methods which have been tried in any State or in for­ POLSON, MONT. eign countries for maintaining mutually satisfactory relations be- To tl~e President and Oongress of the Utiited States: tween employers and employees ; and We, the undersigned members of the Valley View Schoolhouse, do "Shall seek to discover the underlying causes of dissatisfaction in respectfully petition the President and Congress of the United States the industrial situation and F;U bmit to Congress its findings and con­ that an appropriation of at least $1,000,000 be granted by this ession clusions, together with such recommendations as they may deem of Congress for work on the Flathead irrigation project for the ensuing proper for the amicable adjustment of conditions; " and year. It is quite essential that a substantial appropriation be made Whereas the Federal Commission on Industrial Relations has sub­ for this purpose so that the work may be expedited and an early com- . mitted its report to Congress with the recommendation that it be pletion of the project be assured. printed and given general distribution ; and We most earnestly urge that the settlers and Indians holding land Whereas we believe it is of the utmost importance as a compilation of under this project get the appropriation they are asking for. facts concerning the existing ·conditions which oppose the raising This schoolhouse is located Wlthin the Flathead project and the great the standard of civilization for the laboring classes; and majority of the undersigned pupils have parents holding lands under Whereas we believe the " Manly report " of said commission is an un­ this project. prejudiced, fearless declaration of the truth as regards the evils of Respectfully submitted. our industrial system, a frank and courageous presentation of the CLEON STURM information sought through the creation of the commission, · the (And many others). reliability of which in every detail is absolutely beyond question ; and Whereas we feel there is a determined effort on the part of the em­ Mr. :MYERS. I present a petition of sundry citizens of Pol­ ploying classes . to prevent the publishing of the ' Manly report" son, Mont., praying for an increased appropriation for the Flat­ and all the evidence taken by said commission: Therefore be it head reclamation project, in Montana. I ask that the petition Resolved, By this joint union meeting, held in Van Buren, Ark., Saturday, December 18, 1915, and composed of representatives of be printed in the RECORD with the name of the first signer Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, Brotherhood of Locomotive thereof, and that it be referred to the Committee on Irrigation Engineers and Firemen, Order of Railway Conductors, Brotherhood of and Reclamation of Arid Lands. Railway Trainmen, International Association of Machinists, Interna­ There being no objection, the petition was , referred to the tional Association of Machinist Helpers, International Brotherhood of Boiler Makers and Iron Shipbuilders and Helpers of America, Inter~ Committee on Irrigation and Reclamation of Arid Lands and national Brotherhood of Blacksmiths and Helpers, Brotherhood of ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows : Railway Car Men of America, Amalgamated Sheet Metal Workers In­ ternational Alliance, representing nearly 500 railway employees, resi­ To the President and Uongress of the United States: dents of said city, that we, as individuals and citizens of the United We the undersigned residents of Polson, Mont., do earnestly and re­ States, each being a constituent of the Senators and Congressman from spectfully request of the President and Congress of the United States the fifth district of the State of Arkansas, demand that our Senators that an adequate and suitable appropriation of not less than $1,000,000 and Congressmen use their utmost endeavors to have said report and be passed by the present session of Congress for construction work evidence published in full and one-half million copies printed, less on the Flathead irrigation project for the ensuing year. than which we deem not enough to permit of general distribution The residents of this city have come to Polson with the intention of throughout the United States, that we may be able to judge for our­ making their future and permanent homes here. We have come here selves as to what steps to take to remedy any condition that may appear believing the Government would fulfill the promises and pledges, im­ to demand attention; and be it further plied and otherwise, that have been made tti the unit holders and In­ Resolved, That we send a copy of this resolution to Hon. JoE T. dians holding land under this project ; and it means a great deal to us ROBINSON and Hon. J. P. CLARKE, United States Senators from Ar­ whether or not this project is· pushed to a speedy conclusion. , and Hon. OTIS WINGO, Congressman from this the fifth con- In view of the foregoing facts, we do most urgently request that a gressional district, State of Arkansas. c. I. CLARK suitable appropriation looking toward an early completion of this project be passed by this session of Co~gress. (Representing Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, Respectfully submitted. ' international organization consisting of 72,500 FLATHEAD COUNTY STATE BANK, members), BE~. H. LOBDILL Polson~ Mont., (Representing Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers By W. H. MYHRE, Oa8hier and Firemen, international organization con­ (And many others). sisting of 75,000 members), J. F. ADKINS Mr. MYERS. I present a petition of the principal and pupils (Representing Order of Railway Conductors, inter­ of Flathead County Free High School, of Flathead County, national organization consisting of 111,000 mem- Mont., praying for an increased appropriation for the Flathead bers) • S. H. RAY reclamation project, in Montana. I ask that the petition be (Representing Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen, in­ printed in the REcoRD with the name of the first signer thereof ternational organization consisting of thousands of members)' T. J. LINDSAY and that it be referred to the Committee on Irrigation and (Representing International Association of Machin­ Reclamation of Arid Lands. ists, international organization consisting o! There being no objection, the petition was referred to the 108,000 members), TOM MEEK Committee on Irrigation and Reclamation of Arid Lands and (Representing International· Association of Machin­ ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: ist Helpers, international organization consist- FLATHJl.AD COUNTY FREII HIGH SCHOOL, ing of 6,000 mem~ers), HAL STACK Kalispell, Mont., December 15, 1915. (Representing International Brotherhood of Boiler Makers and Iron Shipbuilders and Helpers of The Pt·esident and Oonuress of the United States, Wa8hington, D. 0.: America, consisting of 20,000 members), We, the undersigned members of the Flathead County Fr~e High E. BAILEY School, do respectfully petition the "President and Congress of the (Representing International Brotherhood of Black­ United States ' that an appropriation of at least $1,000,000 be granted smiths and Helpers of America, international by this session of Congress for work on the Flathead irrigation ·project organization consisting of 6,000 members), for the ensuing year. It is quite essential that a substantial appropria­ A. G. MORRISON tion be made for this purpose so that the work may be expedited and an (Representing Brotherhood of Railway Car Men of early completion of the project be assured. America, international organization consisting We most earnestly urge that the settlers and Indians holding land under this project get the appropriation they are asking for. of 45,000 members), JACK IRELAND Respectfully submitted. (Representing Amalgamated Sheet Metal Workers In­ F. L. CUMMINGS, Principal ternational Alliance, international organization (And many others). consisting of thousands of members), Oommittee. Mr. MYERS. I present a petition of pupils of Sunny Slope Mr. PHELAN presented a petition of the Chamber of Com­ School, of Polson, Mont., praying for an increased appropriation merce of Berkeley, Cal., praying that an appropriation be made for the Flathead reclamation project, in Montana.· I ask that for the establishment of a naval academy on the Pacific coast, the petition be printed in the RECORD with the name of the first -which was referred to the Committee on Naval Affairs. signer thereof and that it be referred to the Committee on Irri­ He also presented a petition of the Young Men's. Christian As­ gation and Reclamation of Arid Lands. sociation of Sacramento, Cal., praying for Federal censorship of There being no objection, the petition was referred to the Com­ motion pictures, which was referred to the Committee on Educa­ mittee on Irrigation and Reclamation of Arid Lands and ordered tion and Labor. to be printed in the RECORD, as follows : He also presented a petition of sundry citizens of Sonoma THE SUNNY SLOPJ: SCHOOLHOUSE, DISTRICT No, 46, County, Cal., praying for a modification of the present tax on To the Presfclent ana Congress of the United States: PoLsON, Mo~T. California wines, which was referred to the Committee on Fi- We, the undersigned members of the Sunny Slope Schoolhouse, do nance. · respectfully petition the " President and Congress of the United States " 486 c ·ONGREfSSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. J.A.Nl!ARY _5, that an appropriation of at least $1,000,000 be granted by this session Whereas thir. land is now owned by the State of Montana and is not of Congress for work on the Flathead irrigation project for the ensuing considered to be sufficiently valuable for sale at the State minimum vear. It is quite essential that a substantial appropriation be made price of $10 per acre, because of its rough and rocky character : for this purpose RO that the work may 1>e expedited and an early comple­ Therefore be it tion of the project be assured. Resol1:ed, by the Billings Ollamber of Conw1m·ce, That we hereby in­ We most earnestly urge that the settlers and Indians holding land dorse a plan, asking that the Congress of the United States grant to under this project get the appropriation they are asking for. the State of Montana the right to select other lands in the place of the Respectfully submitted. lands above described, in order that the State of Montana may be per­ ISABELLE BUTLER mitted to dispose of the lands in question to the city of Billings at a (And many others). much reduced price, thereby creating the opportunity for a public l\lr. l\lYERS. I present a petition of the city council of imp1·ovement which will be of great value to this city and community: Be it further Billings, 1\Iont., pra~ing for the enactment of legislation to Resolved, That copies of this reRolution be sent to the governor of the grant to the city of Billings 1,600 acres of land Jocated near State of Montana, the State land board, and the Congress of the United said cit:J for park purposes. I ask that the petition be printed States. Respectfully submitteu. in the RECORD with the name of the first signer thereof and BILT,IXGS CHAMBER OF COYY.ERCI!l, that it be referred to the Committee on Public Lands. By J. F. RoCHE, P1·csidcnt. There being no objection, the petition was referred to the Attest: Committee on Public Lands and ordered to be printed in the C. "\V. FOWLER, Secretary. RECORD, as follows : Unanimously adopted this 13th day of July, 1915. Resolution 663. Mr. MYERS. I present a petition of sundry citizens of 'Vest­ A resolution memorializing Congress to grant to the city of Billings, butte, l\Iont., praying for the establishment of a sy tern of rurnl Mont.\ 1,600 acres of land located near said city for park purposes. credits. I ask that the petition be printed in the R ECORD with To tlle honorable Senate and House oj Representatit;es of the United States: the name o{ the first signer thereof and that it be referred to the Whereas, because of the rapid growth of the city of Billings, Mont., an Committee on Banking and Currency. urgent necessity exists for the establishment of recreation parks for There being no objection, the petition was referred to the the use of the residents thereof ; and Committee on Banking and Currency and or unable financially at the preRent time to carry nevertheless a place of unusual natural beauty and charm which on the business of farming successfully on account of the hish ratCJ could be de;eloped into a great pleasure ground for the inhabitants of interest : Therefore be it of our city, as well as a place for the preservation and growth of specimens of our native fauna and flora; and Resolt;cd, That we, the membeTs of Westbutte Local, No. 28, of the ,,.hereas said land is now unused and unoccupied, but is capable of Farmers' Educational and Cooperative Union of Amel'ica, ask you as great development as a public park and recreation ground: There­ our Representatives in Congress to use your influence and support to­ fore be it ward the introduction and enactment of an efficient rural-credits meas· R esolved, That we, the city council of the city of Billings, Mont., ure, to the end that the farmer may obtain money "clit·ectly from the do hereby petition the Congress of the United States for the passage Government at the same rate of interest that the banks do. of such legislation as may be necessary to permit of the patenting by JAS. F. O'LA"CGBLIN the United States to the city of Billings of all of the land above (And many others). described. . l\lr. l\I'lERS. I pre ent the petition of B. C. Bale·, of Kali­ - Resolt:ed further, That a copy of this memorial be forwarded by the city derk to the honorable Secretary of the Interior and to our Sena­ spell, Mont., praying for the enactment of legi lation to amend the tors and Representatives in Congress, with the earnest request that homestead laws. I ask that the petition be printed in the they use every etrort within their power to secure the le~}slation RECORD and that it be referred to the Committee on Public· Lands. needed for the accomplishment of the purpose hereinabove set forth. Passed by the c1ty council of the city of Billings, 1\Iont., and ap­ There being no objection, the petition was referred to the proved by the mayor of said city this 29th day of November, 1915. Committee on Public Lands and ordered to be printed in the Approved: · RECORD, as follows : E. P. GERHART, Mayor. Attest: . KALISPELL, Mo. "T., December !3, 1915. E. S. JuDD, City Clerk. Se~ator HEXRY L. MYERS, . lVashington, D. 0. "!\lr. MYERS. I present a petition of the Ministerial Associa­ DEAR SIR: I want to congratulate you for the stand you have taken tion of Billings, 1\font., praying for the enactment of legislation in behalf of the homesteader who has the courage to take up a forest to grant to the city of Billings 1,600 acres of land located near homestead, in the introduction of bill No. 2383, an act to amend the present law, which permits a person to prove up with $Ui0 expended on said city for park purposes. I ask that the petition be printed clearing in"lieu of the 20 acres now required to be put in cultivation. in the RECORD with the name of the fu·st signer thereof and To any persons who are acquainted with conditions regarding the that it be referred to the Committee on Public Lands. taking of homesteads in the national forest it will appear that there is a vast ditrerence between a forest homestead and one taken in a There being no objection, the petition was referred to the prail'ie country as regards the amount of money and labor necessary Committee on Public L:mds and ordered to be printed in the to put the land in cultivation. RECORD, as follows : Under the present law a per on taking a prairie homestead can put To 'the honorable Se1wtc ana House of Represcntati,;es of tlte United the required 20 acres in cultivation at a cost of not to exceed $5 per acre, while a person taking a homestead in the forest can not put hi~ States: required 20 acres in cultivation for less than $GO to $75 per acre, which WbPreas in our city there are no public parks and suitable outing places is a manifest hardship to a claimant on a forest claim. for the inhabitants of Billings; and The people of Montana are with you on this bill, and I trust you wlll Whereas the land embraced in sections 16 and 22 and south half of be successful in securing its pa sage. section 10, all in township 1 north, range 25 east, Montana principal Yours, truly, B. C. BALES. meridian, in Yellowston~ County, Mont., containing 1,600 acres, lies within 5 miles of the city of Billings and is in every way suited for Mr. 1\IYERS. I present a memorial of the Chamber of Com­ park purposes and of not much value for agricultural purposes but merce of Kalispell, Mont., remonstrating against an increase in is of great scenic beauty and a place excellent!~ suited for the propa­ the tax on bills of lading. I a k that the memorinl be printed gation and preservation of many species of flowers and animals; and in view of the further fact that this land is now unoccupied and in the RECoRD and that it be referred to the Committee on - unused and is capable of being developed into an excellent public Finance. . park for our city : Therefore be it There being no objection,. the memorial was referre

in ington in the fourteenth session of the legislature of said State, 1n that the petition be printed the RECORD with the na.tp.e of the regular session assembled, most respectfully represent, petition, and pray first signer thereof arid that it be referred to· the Committee as follows, that-=- • on Public Lands. Whereas the commerce, commercial standing of the seaports, and busi­ There being no objection, the petition was referred to the Com­ ness of our transcontinental railroads are severely handicapped and deprived of their rightful business and revenue by reason of the mittee on Public Lands and ordered to be printed in the REcoRD, present organization and operation of the United States Immigration a.s follows : Service ; and LIBBY, MoNT., Ma11 12, 1915. Whereas the maintenance of the present large stalf of inspectors and To Ron. HEXRY L. MYERS, clerks of the United States Immigration Service in Victoria, Van­ Washington, D. 0. couver, and other cities in the Dominion of Canada works a grave in­ justice to American railroads in the State of Washington by affording We, the undersigned entrymen on eliminated lands in the Kootenai undue advantages to transportation lines of Canada ; and National Forest, do respectfully petition the Congress of the United Whereas no reciprocal or corresponding force of office:Fs is maintained States for relief from certain conditions as set forth below. at the seaports or land ports of the State of Washington by any for­ co~f:~s 1 1 f(;jt~8r a~=t'!l :~~hi:t:b~~oit~b~~r!~~ ~~ ~Y~b~~~~ eign government to give American railroads the same opportunity in agriculture. Many of these units are covered with a thick growth of competition for the long haul on business originating in this State pole pine and brush which is of no value and must be cleared before and destined to points in the Dominion of Canada or the eastern the land can be cultivated. Such merchantable timber as any of these United States as is afforded by the United States Immigration Service units may contain is very scatterin~ and very seldom of any sale to Canada railroads ; and value, owing to distance from marketmg points, and only adds to the Whereas the seaports and ports of entry of the State of Washington expense of clearing. Much of this land is burnt over, leaving stumps under existing arrangements are being deprived of credit for pas­ and snags which are still more difficult to remove. Where these units sengers actually entering Puget Sound ports from foreign contiguous contain natural meadows, these must often be drained before they·are and noncontiguous lands ; and suitable for cultivation. In fact, there is very rarely an acre of land Whereas passengers so entering at ports of the State of Washington in this section which can be cultivated without much preliminary work. from the Dominion of Canada and seeking naturalization as citizens The present homestead law requires the tillage of one-eighth of the of the United States are now compelled to obtain a certificate of land entere

Whereas the great strategic importance and possibilities of Grays. and Concurrent resolution. Willapa Harbors as a base for military operations in the northwest Whereas the glory and prosperity of Iowa has rested not alone in her are open, obvious, and apparent to the most casual observers; and wonderful farms, but also in her prosperous and beautiful cities Whereas the strategic importance and possibi:J.ities of Grays and and towns as well, and the prosperity of her entire citizenship Willapa Harbors as a base for military operations in the northwest requires a symmetrical development of both farm and city, for the :md in southwestern Washington and northwestern Oregon have injury of either is sure to bring a loss and depreciation to the other · been recognized by such eminent authorities as Gens. Marion P. and a decline in the population of the State; and l\1aus and Homer Lea, of the ; and Whereas the rates of the parcel post are so low for excessive distances Whereas 58 per cent of the entire population of the State of Oregon and the charge for shipment is in such unjust and unfair proportion and 61 per cent of the entire population of the State of Washington to the haul that neither the Government nor the railroads are receiv­ and seven-tenths of the wealth of both States is within six hours of ing sufficient compensation to cover cost of service rendered, and a the principal strategic sphere of the northwest; that this strategic large amount of trade that legitimately belongs to the inhabitants of center, midway between the centers of populatiayers of the States of Washington and Oregon; that of the Unitell States be. and they are hereby. requested and petitioned the petitioners thereof represented $332,898,097 of taxable property, to reduce the weight of the parcel-post package to a maximum of 40 as assessed by the taxing omcers of the se-veral counties of said pounds and make such readjustment in our postal rates an4 of the official senate State Bank Chehalis, Wash.; ·that many wholl'sale merchants and journal of said general assembl.v now on file in my office. manufacturing corporations in the Northwest signed sai(l petitions In witness whereof I have hereunto set m:v hand and affixed the official seal of the secretary of state of the ~tate of Iowa. Done at who ·e assets could not be shown by certificates of the taxing oiDcei·s Des Moines this 14th day of December, A. D. 1915. of said States; and [SEAL.] W. S. ALLEX, r; hereas the following commercial bodies Qf the Northwest have, by reso­ Sec1·etary of State. lutions duly and regularly adopted, found that the fortification of said harbors was a public necessity for the adequate protection of :Mr. KENYOX presented a memorial of Local Grange, No. the lives and property of the people of said States, to wit: Portland 2051, Patrons of Husbrmdrj·,. of RiYerside, Iowa, remonstrating Chamber of Commerce, Portland, Oreg.; New Seattle Chamber of Commerce, Seattle, Wash.; Aberdeen Chamber of Commerce, Aber­ against any cl1imges being made in certain rural route in that deen Wa:h. ; Montesano Chamber of Commerce, 1\Ioptesano, Wash. ; State, which was referred to the Committee on Post Office and Spokane Chamber of Commerce, Spokane, ·wash. ; Olympia Chamber of Commerce, Olympia, Wash.; Centralia Chamber of Commerce, Cen­ Post Roads. tralia, Wash. ; and the Hoquiam Commercial Club, of Hoquiam, Wash. : He also presented petitions of sundr:•• citizens of Iowa, pray­ Therefore for good cause shown, we, your memoriali ts, the Senate ing .for national prohibition, which we>re referrell to the Com­ of the State of Washington (the House concurring), representing the mittee on the Judiciary. people of the State of Washington in the Fourteenth Legislature of th_e State of Washington, in regular session assembled, most earnestly peti­ He also presented a petition of : '\illiam A. Kirk Camp, tion the President of the United States of America, the Senate and United Spanish War Yeterans, of Sioux City, Iowa, praying for House of Representatives in Congress assembled, the Secretary of War, the enactment of legislation to grunt pensions to widows and and the Senators and Representatives from the State of Washington to make suitable provision for adequate fortifications to protect the orphans of -veterans of the Spanish 'Var, which \YU referred to entrances of said harbors against any invasion from the Pacific Ocean the Committee on Pensions. that may be attempted in time of hostilities by any foreign power; antl He also presented the petition of Rev. C. A. Holengreu and 'l.'he secretary of the State of Washington be, and is hereby, direGted to immediately transmit a certified eopy of this memorial to His Excel­ other citizens of Boxholm·, Iown, praying for the placing of an lency the President of the United States, the honorable Secretary of embargo on munitions of war, which was referred to the Com~ War to each of the Senators and Representatives ft·om the State of mittee on Foreign Relations. Washington in Congress, and to both houses of the Legislature of the State of Oregon. He also presented a memorial of the Society of Friends, of And your memorialists will ever pray. West Bl'anch, Iowa, remon.strating against an increase in arma­ Passed the senate February 1, 1915. · ments, which "·as referred to the Comm~ttee on l\Iilitary Affairs. . LOUIS F. HART, 1.\fr. POINDEXTER presented a petition of the Chamber of Pt·esident of t11e Sellate. Pa. sed the house February 17, 1915. Commerce of Seattle, 'Vash., praying that an appropriation of W. W. CONXER, $2,000,000 be made to carry on the con tru ·tion worl~ of the Speaker of the House. Alaska railroad, which ,...-as referi·ed to the Committee on Filed in the omce of the secretary of state February 23, 1915. Appropriations. . . - I. M. HOWELL, 1.\fr. WADSWORTH presentell petitions of sunllry citizens of Seoreta1·y of State. the State of , praying for an increase in armament!'!, l\lr. KENYON. I present a concurrent resolution of the which were referred to the Committee on 1\Iilitnry Affair..; .. Thirty-sixth General A.ssembly of Iowa, requesting the Con­ He also presented a p~tition .of the congregation of the gress of the United States to enact a parcel-post law· limiting Swedish Luthei·an Bethlehem Church, of Brooklyn, N. Y., pray- · the weight of packages to a maximum of 40 pounds. I n.sk that ing for the placing of au embargo on the exportation of muni­ the concurrent resolut~on be printed in the RECORD and referred tions of war, "·hich was . I~eferred to the Corni~ittee on Foreig~ to the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. Relations. · ~ . . . There being no objection, the concurrent resolution .was re­ l\f1·. KERN presented a memorial of the_ Societ~· of Ft·iends, of fet;red to the Committee on Post {)ffi.ces and Post Roads and New London, Ind., remonstrating aJ~ainst a.n inct·ease in arma­ ordered to be printed in the RECORD, us follo~-vs : ments, which was referre~ to the Committee on 1.\filitmT Affait·s. 1916 . . ,· CONGRESSION!A:L RECORD-SENATE. -489

1\II:. DILLINGHAM presented a petition of the Business and depositaries and financial agents for the United States, and for Professional l\len's Association of St.· Albans, Vt., praying for other purposes, was read twice by its title and referred to ~I:a an increase in armaments, which was referred to the Committee Committee on Banking and Currency. on l\lilitary Affairs. 1\Ir. HOLLIS. The joint committee hopes that it will be able · l\lr. 1\lcLEAN presented petitions of White Cross Council, a little later in the session to recommend a bill on personal . No. 13, Knights of Columbus, of Norwich; of Local Division credits, but the time has been so absorbed in preparing the No. 2, Ancient Ordet· of Hibernians, of Norwich; of · Court bill submitted to-day on land mortgage that it ·would like fur­ S~ehem, No. 94, Friends of America, of Norwich; and of Court · ther time. It does not ask for a further appropriation. Quinebaug, No. 128, Friends of America, of NonYich, all in the I therefore ask unanimous consent for the present consid­ State of Connecticut, praying for the enactment of legislation eration of a joint resolution which I introduce to extend the to grant pen ions to civil-service employee~, which were referred time for filing· the finaL report from this committee. to the Committee on Civil Service and Retrenchment. The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection? He also presented a _petition of sundry citizens of Sound 1\Ir. S~lOOT. I do not think that it is ·necessary to enact a Yiew, Conn., praying for universal peace, \Vhich ·was referred to joint resolution. Is there any reason ,-.,.by it should be done? the Committee on Foreign Relations. 1\Ir. HOLLIS. The committee considered that question. and · He also presented petitions of sundry citizens of Westbrook some members of the committee thought it might be necessary and Clinton, in the State of Connecticut, praying for an increase and others thought it might not, and in order that there might in armaments, which were referred to the Committee on Military ­ be no question the committee authorized and requested me to Affairs. introduce the joint resolution. He also presented a petition of the Drug Club of New Haven, · l\Ir. SMOOT. There is no necessity for it. Conn., praying for the enactment of legislation to fix a standard The VICE PRESIDENT. The Secretary will read the joint price for trade-marked and patented articles, ,-.,.hich was referred resolution. to the Committee on Education and Labor. The joint resolution (S. J. Res. 62) extending the time for REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. filing the final report of the Joint Committee of Congress to 1\lr. CLARK of Wyoming, from the Committee on Public Investigate Rural Credits was read the first time by its title Lauds, to which ·was referred the bill (S. 22) to promote and and the second time at length, as ~ollows: encourage the construction of wagon roads over the public IlesoZt·ed, etc., That the · time of the joint committee of the two Houses of Congress appointed pursuant to the act of Congress ap­ lands of the United States, reported it with an amendment and pl·oved March 4, 1915, be, and is hereby, extended for four months submitted a report (No. 20) thereon. from the passage hereof in which to file a final report as required by 1\Jr. S:~HTH of Georgia, from the Committee on the Judiciary, the said act. to which ,-.,.as referred the bill {S. 706) to amend section 260 The VICE PRESIDE~T. Is there objection to the present of au act entitled "An act to codify, revise, and amend the laws consideration of the joint resolution? relating to the judiciary," approved March 3, 1911, reported it There being no objection, the joint resolution 'Yas considered without amendment and submitted a report (No. 21) thereon. as in Committee of the Whole. · . l\Ir. SHEPPARD, from the Committee on Commerce, to which The joint resolution was reported to ·the Senate without wa. · referred the_ following bills, reported them each without amendment, or;dered ·to be engrossed for a third reading, read amendment and submitted reports thereon: the third time, and passed.

S. 1409. A bill authorizing the construction of a bridge across BILLS AND JOINT RESOLuTIO~S I~TRODUCED. the .Arkansas River at or near Tulsa, Okla. (Rept. No. 23)'; and S. 2409. A bill to authorize the Ohio-West Bridge Bills and joint resolutions were introduced, read the first Co. to con truct a bridge across the Ohio River at the city of time, ancl, by unanimous consent, the second time, and referred as follows: ~teuhenvill<', Jefferson County, Ohio (Re-pt. No. 22). l\Ir. SHEPPARD, from the Committee on Military Affairs, to By 1\!r. CHILTON: \-Vlticlt was referred the bill ( S. 2266) to authorize the appoint­ A bill ( S. 2853) granting a pension to Howard Atkinson; tc ment of Duncan Grant Richart to the grade of lieutenant in the Committee on Pensions. · the Army, reported it without amendment and submitt_ed a By Mr. LEE of Maryland: report (No. 24) thereon. A bill ( S. 2854) to authorize the closing of part of Forty-first Street NW., in the District of Columbia, and for other pur­ BRIDGE .c\.CTIOSS TUG FORK, BIG SANDY RIVEn. poses; to the Committee on tile District of Columbia. 1\Ir. ·SHEPP AnD. From the Committee on Commerce I re­ By Mr. KERN: port back favorably, without amendment, the bill . (S. 1773) to . A bi-ll ( S. 2855) granting an increase of pension to Frederick auttwrize the construction of a bridge across the Tug Fork of Lindy {with accompanying papers) ; ancl the Big Sandy River at or near Kermit, W. Va., and I submit . A bill ( S. 2856) -granting a pension to Mary L. Cline (with a repot·t (No. 19) thereon. I ask unanimous consent for the accompanying papers) ; to the Committee on Pensions. present consideration of the bill. By 1\lr. JONES : There being no objection, the bill was considered as in Com­ . A bill {S. 2857) authorizing the issuance of patent to th(· mittee of the Whole. heirs of Ja11'les Longmire; to the Committee op Puplic Lands. The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, or­ A bill ( S. 285S) granting a pension to Ann L. Elliott; dered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the thir

A bill (S. 2869) for the reduction of the rate. of postage A bill (S". 2001) granting an increase of pension to Henry chargeable on first-class mail matter for local delivery ~ to the Mott · ( witn accompanying papers) ; · · · Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. A bill (S. 2902) granting w :pension to-Clara C. Watson (with A bill (S. 2870) for the relief of Alfred Cluff, Orson Cluff, accompanying papers} ; Henry E. Norton,. William B. Ballard, Elijah Hancock, Susan R. A bill (S. 2903) granting an increase of pension to Christian Saline, Osca.F 1\.Ia:qn, Celia Thayne, William Cox, Theodore · Hildebrand (wi:tb accompanying paper~; · Farley, Adelaide Laxton, Clara L. Tenney, George M. Adams; A bill (S. 2904) granting an increase· of' pension tO> Carrie S. Charlotte J ensen, and Sophia Huff; to the Committee on Cross (with acet:>mpanying papers) ; Claims. . · A. bill (S. 2905) granting an ~crease of pensi-on to Charles A bill (S. 2871} granting an inc1·ea.se o:f pension to Reuben Rigga (with accompanying papers}; Allred (with accompanying papers}~ to the Committee on A bm (S. 2906) granting an increase of pension to Elijah Pensions. Booher (witt. accompanying papers·}; By Mr. STONE: A bill (S. 29Q7} granting an in-crease of I>ension to James A bill (S. 2812) granting an increase of pension to William Hawkins (with accompanying papers}; . L. Mayden (with accompanying papers); A bill (S. 2908} granting an illcrease. of pension to Anthony J. A bill (S. 2873) granting an increase of pension to Samuel Sansonf (With accompanying papers); Graham (with accompanying papers); A bill {S'. 2909) granting an increase of pension ta William A bill (S. 2874) granting a pension to Parthenia Mattingly T. Cowan (with accompanying papeTs} ; (with accompanying papers) ; A bill (S. 2910} granting an incr·ease of pension to Willis A bill (S. 2875) granting an increase of. pension to William Mills (with accompanying·papers); Hall- (with accompanying papers); and A bill (S. 291.1 J granting an increase of pension to Uriah A bill (S. 2876) granting an increase of pension tO! J'ohn Rucli (with aceompanying papers} ;· Lynn (with accompanying papers); to the Committee· on Pen- A bill (S. 2912) granting· a pension to· Lenora Royal (with sions. . accompanying papers) ; By Mr. GALLINGER~ A bill (S. 2913} granting an inCFease. of pension to Lewis A bill (S. 2877) granting an increase of pension to George Atkinson. {with- accomp3!Ilying papers). ; Dallison.; to the Committee on Pensions. A l}ill (S. 29r1A) granting an increase. o:li pension to Hugh S. By Mr. UNDERWOOD: Ryan (with accompanying papersi}; A bill ( S. 2878) for the relief of the legal representative o:f A bill (S. 2915) granting an. increase. o:f pensioi:l to Henry G. C. H. Mastin, deceased, surviving partner of the firm of Levert Pieketii 'witb accompllllying papers} ~ & Mastin; to the Committee on Claims. A bill (S, 2916} g:rmnting; an increase o:t: pension to James M. By Mr. LANE: . : Friels Ewith a-ecompanying pai>ers) ~ · A. bill (S. 2879) creating a commission O'f five persons, to be : A bill ,S• . 291?) granting a pensi-on tO> Elvi a Lightner (with known as the United States Commission for EI;lduring Peace, ' accompanying papel'S)' ; whose purpose it shaH be to aid in. bringing about enduring A. bill ( s. 2918 )1 granting alll increase of pension to Richard peace at the eal'liest possible moment; to the Committee o.n 1 Brookins Gwitb accompanying papers) ; Foreign Relations. A bill ( S. 2919} granting, un: increase of pension ta Abraham A bill (S. 2880) for the relief of Martin V. Parmer (with T. Casey (witb accompan-ying papers) ;_ accompanying papers); to the Committee on Military Affairs. A blll (S. 2920} granting am, increase oil pension to. Je e L. A bill (S. 2881) for the relief of James. D. Watts; to the Pelton (with aceomJ>anying papers); Committee on Claims. A bUl (S. 292:1 ) granting a pe:ns-ion. to Alice Browning (with A bill (S. 2882} granting a pension to Minnie Anderson (witb · accompanying papers); accompanying papers} ; to the Committee on PensiollS'. A bill ~ S. 29-22 J gra:nting; an incre':lse ot pension to William By Mr. SMOOT: · C. Worthen (with aecompanymg papers:) ; A bill (S. 2883} for the relief of Leonore M. SorsbY' (witb A bill (S~ 29.23) granting an increase of pension to William- accompanying paper}; to the Committee on Foreign Relations. son B . Barton (witb accompanying p-apers). ; A bi11 (S. 2884)1 granting an increase of pension to Edward A bill (S. 2924} granting a pension to Mary A. Hanks (with L. Curtis (with accompanying pfiPerS} ; to the Committee on , accompanying papers) ~ Pensions. A bill ( S. 2925) granting aiL increase of pension to Harrison By Mr. CLAPP: White {with accompanying papers}; A blli (S. 2885) permitting the erection of statues in Six· A bill (S 2926) granting a pension to Daisy D'. Knox (with teenth Street, sometimes eaUed The Avenue of the Presidents . accompanying paper); (with accompanying papers); t() the Committee- on the Library. A bill (S. 2.927} granting: an increase of pension to Mary E. By Mr. CURTIS: · Taylor (with accompanying papers}; A bill (S. 2886} for the relief of James Ferrell; and .A bill (S 2928) granting a pensi-on; to Lym.an E ~ Tibbits A bill (S. 2887) for the· relief of William H. Man¢ng ; to the · (with accompanying pa-per) ~ · Committee on Claims. . · A bill ( s: 2929) granting an increase of pension to Isaac- M. A bill (S. 2888} for the relief' of David Parter Haseltine Brandon (with accompanying: papersY ~ (with accompanying paper); and · A bill (S. 2930') granting a; pension to John T. Peet (with A bill (S. 2889} for the relief o.f John Ogden ~with accom- accompanying pape:us); panying paper} _; to the Committee on Military. Affairs~ A bill (S. 2931) granting an increase o:f- pension to Reuben A. bill {S. 2890) for the relief of: R. W. Branson (with ac- : WalleY (with accmnpa.nying; I>apersJ; · . companying paper); to the Committee on Post Offices and Post A bill ~S~ 29'32) granting an inerease of pension to AlfredJ Roads. . · · Quackenbush (with accompanying paperS'}•; A bill (S. 2891) granting an increase of pension to Christialll · A bill (S. 2933) granting a pension to John F: Smith (with Howald (with accompanying pape1·s) ; accompanying papers) ;_ A bill (S. 2892} granting an increase of pension to George A bill, (S'. 2934) grantmg at penswn t& William W. Peyton Lucas (w.itb accompanyin-g papers}; · (with acc.o:tnpanying papers}; A b.ill ( S. 2893} granting a pension to Ellen Temi>erance A bill. ~ S. 2935) granting a. pension to, Emma Ridenour ( wi-tli Smith Ewith accompanying papersJ; · accompanying papers'); . A biU (S'. 2894) granting a pension to Henry Taylor (witb . A bill (S. 2936) granting an increase of pension to- Elizabeth accompanying paper) ; . : Sprurling ~with accompanying papeJ.Ts 1 ; · . A bill (S. 2895) granting an increase of pension to Bernard A bill {S. 2987} gL"anting: a pension ta Mary J'. Davis (with! Stiver (with accompanying papers); . accompanying; pape-rs); . . A bill ( s. 2896) granting a pension to Fred M. Livingston A bill ~ S. 2938'} granting. aJ pension to Mary M. Dickson ( withJ (witll accompanying paper); · accompanying· papers}; A bill (S. 2897) granting an increase of pension to David. . A bill (Sr 2939) ~antlng an increase: of pension to Jaeeb L. Brown (with accompanying papers); · · Hatton (with acoomp.a:nying. pa;pers}; A bill (S. 2898) granting a pension to Sarah Higgins (with ' A bill (S. 294U) grarrtmg. an i.Hcrease a:f!· pensf'On to Arthur M. accompanying pnpers} ; . ,. · Phillips (with accompanying papers} ; · . A bill (S. 2899)' granting a pension ·to Esther L. JolmS' (witfi A bi1ill (S. 294'1) granting: an: in:aease o:f!' pension tOJ George W. accompanying paper) ; · . Jackson Cwitlb accompan}"ing pa:pers l ; ·: A b.ill (S'. 2900} granting an increase- of pension to Stephen A bill GS·•• 2942} granti:n~ aD increase- of pe~.ron tu Isaac R. A. Miller (with accompanying papers); ' Jolmsorr ~w1tfi aeeompan-ymg pupers)·; ·ru'ld 1916. CONC·RESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 491

A bill (S. 2943) grunting an increase of pension to Missouri A bill (S. 29S3) granting an increase of pension to Susan 1\f. A. Purdy (with accompanying papers) ; to the Committee on Watson (with-accompanying papers) ; Pensions. · A bill (S. 2984) granting a pension to Maria C. Wheeler {with By :Mr. SHIVELY: accompanying papers); and - A bill (S. 2944) granting an increase of pension to Burton A bill (S. 2985) granting an increase of pension to 1\lary J. Vanhook {with accompanying papers); Woodworth (with accompanying papers); to the Committee on A bill (S. 2945) granting an increase of pension to Andrew J. Pensions. Woolf (with accompanying papers) ; By Mr. GALLINGER: A bill (S . .2946) granting an increase of pension to Columbus A bill (S. 2987) to establish a University Board in the Depart-- Walton (with accompanying papers) ; ment of the Interior; to the Committee on Education and Labor. A bill (S. 2947) granting an increase of pension to Hem·y A bill (S. 2988) to repeal section 13 of an act entitled "An act 1\Ioullenhour (with accompanying papers) ; to promote the welfare of American seamen, etc.," approved A bill (S. 2948) granting an increase of pension to William 1\Iarch 4, 1915 (with accompanying papers); to the Committee E. Chappell (with accompanying paper); on Commerce. A bill (S. 2949) granting a pension to Rose A. l\Iooney (now A. bill (S. 2989) for the investigation and control of. the white Reed) (with accompanying papers) ; pine b1ister rust (with accompanying papers) ; to the Committee A bill (S. 2950) granting a pension to Herman Johnson, alias on Agriculture an1l Forestry. Herman Cline (with accompanying papers); A bill (S. 2990) for the relief of certain Army officers and A bill (S. 2951) granting a pension to Williamson S. Wright theh· next of kin (with accompanying papers) ; to the Committee (with accompanying papers) ; on l\lilitary Affairs. A bill (S. 2952) granting an increase of pension to John By 1\lr. SAill.. SBURY: Woods (with accompanying papers) ; A bill ( S. 2991) for im1n-oving the defenses of the coasts and A bill (S. 2953) granting an increase of pension to Nathaniel industrial centers of Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, l\Iary- Trueblood (with accompanying papers) ; land, and V:irginia, for increasing_ their commerce and redu_cing A bill (S. 2954) granting a pension ·to Harry B. Helm (~vith transp?rtatwn. c?st on the. Atlantic seaboard; to the Committee accompanying papers) ; on Military Affatrs. A bill {S. 2955) granting an increase of pension to George W. I By ~r. S\~AN?.SON: . . . . . Holdson (with accompanying papers) ; A b~l (S: 299.... ) to PI.on~le that the _Dmted States. s~all aid . A bill (S. 2956) granting a pension to Madeline Smith (with t~e States m the ~onstrucbon an~ mamtenance of rural post accompanying papers) . roads; to the Committee on Post Off1ces and Post Roads.

A bill (S. 2957) gran'ting an increase of pension to John Pen- R bli .fi ·h h t h . th 4-, t 4' BAyb~lilr.(FSL1 ETC)HEt0 =~t· 1 rod (with accompanying papers); i •· • · 2993 . e;s u s: .a ~- a c ery m e 8 ..a e 01. A bill { S. 2958) granting an increase of pension to Lemuel Flou~a • t? the Commt~ee on Ftsh~n~s. 'Emmerson (with _accompanying papers) ; ~0'bill ~ S. 2994) to PU.~ chase a ~au~tmg of the Batt_Ie of Gettys- A bill (S. 2959) granting an increase of pension to Walter S. b~I., ,III. A bill (S. 2970) granting an increase of pension to Hannah " SECTION 1. Polygamy and polygamous cohabitation shall not exist Clift (with accompanying papers) ; . . within the United States or any place subject to tlleir jurisdiction. A bill (S. 2971) granting an increase of pension to Ann Corey " SEC. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appro­ (with accompanying papers) ; priate legislation." A bill ( S. 2972) granting an inerease of pension to Sarah B. By 1\Ir. Sl\JOOT: Davis (with accompanying papers) ; · A bill (S. 3001) to supplement the act of June 22, 1910, en­ A bill ( S. 2973) granting an increase of pension to l\Iary E. titJed "An act to provide for agricultural entries on coal lands," Day (with accompanying papers); and acts amendatory of and supplemental thereto; to the Coru.. A bill (S. 2974) granting an increase of pension to Harriet A. mittee on Public Lands. Fail·hanks (with accompanying papers) ; A bill (S. 3002) for the reduction of the rate of postage .A. bill ( S. 2975) granting a pension to 1\Iary Gaffney (with chargeable on first-class mail matter for local delh-ery ; to the accompanying papers) ; Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. A bill ( S. 2976) granting an increase of pension to Francis .J. By l\lr. PHELAN: Hart (\Yith accompanying papers) ; A bill (S. 3003) to provide for the purchase of a site and A hill ( S. 2977) granting an increase of pension to George A. for the establishment of a naval and aviation academy on tile Howanl (with accompanying papers); Pacific coast of the United States within 150 miles of San A bill ( S. 2978) granting an increase of pension to Lucy A. Francisco, and making an appropriation... therefor; to the Com­ 1\latteson (with accompanying papers) ; mittee on Naval Affairs. A bill (S. 2979) granting a pension to Julia L. Nichols (with By 1\Ir. SHAFROTH: accompanying papers) ; A bill (S. 3004) to provide for the acqui ition of a site and A bill (S. 2980) granting a pension to Emily D. Farrow Platt the erection thereon of a public building at Alamosa, Colo.; :

.A bill ( S. 3007) for the relief of the city of Pueblo, Colo.; A bill (S. 3043) to add certain forest lands to the Santiam A bill ( S. 300 ) for the relief of Lewis B. Brasher; and National Forest (with accompanying papers); to the Com­ A bill ( S. 3009) for the relief of the ·Widow of Joseph 0. mittee on Public Lands. · Akin ; to the Committee on Claims. A bill (S. 3044) to establish game sanctuaries in national A bill (S. 3010) for the relief of Michael J. Coughlin; forests, and for othe· purposes ; to the Committee on Forest .A bill ( S. 3011) for the relief of Anna Falls; and Reservatioti.s and the Protection of Game. - A bill (S. 3012) for the relief of Elizabeth T. Wells; to the A bill (S. 3045) for the relief of James G. Royse (with accom· Committee on l\Hlitary Affairs. panying papers) ; and· .A bill ( S. 3013) f~r the relief of Samuel J. Morgan; to the A bill (S. 3046) for the relief of Mary J. McLaugl)lin; to the Committee on Po t Offices and Post Roads. Committee-on Military Afiairs. A bill ( S. 3014) granting an increase of pension to Sada A bill ( 8.,3047) for the relief of Charles Leon ; a~d Gleason; A bill ( S. 3048) for the relief of Simon Caro ; to the Committee A bill ( S. 3015) granting an increase of Dension to Martha A. on Claims. Hodges; A bill ( S. 3049) to provide for certain changes and additions A bill (S. 3016) granting an increase of pension to John F. to the public building at Salem, Oreg.; to the Committee on Kline; . Public Buildings and Grounds. A bill ( S. 3017) granting a pension to Leora L .. Macarey ; A bill (S. 3050) granting an increase of pension to Sarah E. A bill ( S. 3018) granting. an increase of pension to Sarah Hathaway (with accompanying papers); Nye Phelps; and A bill ( S. 3051) granting an increase of pension to Amos H. A bill ( S. 3019) granting an increase of :oension to Hem·y Hampton (with accompanying papers); Brown; to the Committee on Pensions. A bill ( S. 3052) granting an increase of pension to Hiram By Mr. SHEPPARD: Bender (with accompanying papers); and A bill (S. 3020) waiVing the age limit for admission to the A bill (S. 3053) granting a pension to John H. Biever (with Medical Corps of the United States, Navy in the case of John B. · accompanying papers); to the Committee on Pensions. Bostick j to the Committee on Naval Affairs. By Mr. SHIELDS: A bill "(S. 3021) empowering the Supreme Court of the United A oill (S. 3054) to amend an act approved March 4, 1915, States to promulgate uniform rules for preparing and printing abolishing the jurisdiction of the Court of Claims in certain the records for all appellate courts and to fix fees and charges cases involving claims against the United States for property in connection therewith; and . destroyed or appropriated by the Federal Army during the A bill (S. 3022) to amend an act entltled "An act to establish Civil War; and a uniform system of bankruptcy throughout the United States," . A bill ( S. 3055) to provide for the appointment of clerks of approved July 1, 1898, and as amended thereafter; to the the courts of the United States, to fix their terms of office and Committee on the Judiciary. compensation, and require them to make reports of ·funds re­ A bill ( S. 3023) to emancipate from certain disabilities chil­ ceived and disbursed by them, and for other _purposes; to the dren who have judgments of conviction for crime of record Committee on the Judiciary. against them in the Juvenile Court of the Dish·ict of Columbia; A bill ( S. 3056) for the relief of Alice Evelyn Mabry Hazen, and Lawrence C. Mabry, Herbert S. Mabry, Churchwell Mabry, and A bill (S. 3024) to amend an act entitled "An act to create a William Deaderick ; to the Committee on Claims. juvenile court in and for the District of Columbia," and for A bill (S. 3057) granting an increase of pension to William otl1er purposes; to the Committee on the District of Columbia. C. Doak ; to the Committee on Pensions. · By. Mr. MYERS: By Mr. BORAH: . A bill (S. 3025) to amend an act entitled "Arl act to codify, A bill ('8. 3058) to establish the Sawtooth National Park in revise, and amend the laws relating to the judiciary," approved the State of Idaho, and for other purposes; to the Committee :March 3, 1911 ; to the Committee on the Judiciary. on Public Lands. A bill (S. 3026) to establish the Cabinet National Park in the A bill ( S. 3059) to accept a deed of gift or conveyance from county of Lincoln, State of Montana; and the Lincoln Farm Association, a corporation, to the United A bill (S. 3027) granting to the city of Billings, Mont., certain States of America, of land near the town of Hodgenville, lands for public park purposes; to the Committee on Public county of Larue, State of- Kentucky, embracing the home tead Lands. of Abraham Lincoln. and the log cabin in which he was born, A bill ( S. 3028) to place certain officers of the Army on the together with the memorial hall inclosing the same; and fmiher, retired list ; to the Committee on Military Affairs. to accept an assignment or transfer of an endowment funll of A bill ( S. 3029) granting an increase of pension to Roswell B. $50,000 in relation thereto; to the Committee on the Library. Van Wagenen; A bill ( S. 3060) granting an increase of pension to Joseph C. A bill (S. 3030) granting a pension to George Walters; Tousley (with accompanying papers) ; to the Committee on A bill (S. 3031) granting an increase of pension to William Pensions. Horrigan; and . By Mr. CLARK of Wyoming: A bill (S. 3032) granting a pension to Charles H. Lufkin; A bill ( S. 3061) granting an increase of pen ion to Charles to the Committee on Pensions. Leeder ; to the Committee on Pensions. By .Mr. ROBINSON: · . By Mr. McCUMBER: A bill (S. 3035) granting lands to Hot Springs Lodge, No. 62, A bill ( S. 3063) granting a pension to Mary E. Corson; Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, of Hot Springs, Ark. ; to A bill (S. 3064) granting an increase of pension to Abraham the Committee on Public Lands. F. Carey; A bill (S. 3036) for the relief of the heirs of . William H. A bill ( S. 3065) granting an increase of pension to Mary E. Harvey, deceased; to the Committee on Claims. Lincoln; · A bill (S. 3037) granting an increase of pension to Zora W. A bill (S. 3066) granting an increase of pension to James A. Elder (with accompanying papers); to the Committee on Pen­ McConkey (with accompanying papers) ; . sions. A bill ( S. 3067) granting an increase of pension to Sallie A. By Mr. THOMPSON: Hawks (with accompanying papers); and A bill ( 8. 303~) to amend section 240 of the act approved A bill (S. 3068) granting an increase of pension to Mary C. March 4, 1909, being an act entitled "An act to codify, revise, Lyon. (with accompanying papers); to the Committee on Pen· and amend the penal laws of the United States"; to the Com­ sions. mittee on the Judiciary. By Mr. CUMMINS: A bill (S. 3039) granting a pension to Lizzie Noland (with A bill (S. 3069) to qmend an act entitled "An act to amend accompanying papers) ; an act entitled 'An act to a.melid an act entitled "An act to .A bill (S. 3040) granting a pension to Fred F. Bennett (with regulate commerce," approwd February 4, 1887, and all acts accompanying papers) ; and . amendatory thereof, nml to enlarge the powers of the Interstate A bill (S. 3041) granting an increase of pension to Charles Commerce Commission,' " approved March 4, 1.915 ; to the Com­ l\1. Smilie {with accompanying papers); to the Committee on mittee on Interstate ·commerce. Pensions. By Mr. GRONNA: . By Mr. CHAMBERLAIN: (By request.) · A bill' (S. 3070) confirming all conveyances of (By request.) A bill (S. 3042) to appoint J. D. Nevin a Indian allotments heretofore made, and" confirming the approval second lieutenant on the active list of the United States Marine thereof by the Secretary of the Interior, and fixing a period of Corps; to the Committee on Naval Affairs. time within which an action must be instituted by any claimant 1916. OONGRESSION AL RECORD-SENATE. 493 to aYoid such conveyance and approval by the Secretary of the A bill {S. 3105) to amend section 3244, chapter 3, title 3.5, Interior; to the· Committee on Indian ·Affairs. Revised Statutes of the United States so as to prohibit the A bill (S. 3071) to prohibit the importation of intoxicating issuance of Government licenses in States prohibiting the sale liquors into th~ Territory of Hawaii and to prohibit the manu­ of intoxicating liquors; to the Committee on the Judiciary. facture and sale of such liquors therein ; to the Committee on A bill (S. 3106) granting an increase of pension to J. 1\I. Pacific Islands and Porto Rico. Harrison (with accompanying papers) ; A bill (S. 3072) granting an increase of ~nsion to Minnie A bill ( S. 3107) gJ.~anting an increase of pen ·ion to Isaac Holz (with accompanying papers) ; to the Committee on Pen­ Conner (with accompanying pa~rs); sions. A bill (S. 3108) granting an incr·ease of pension to Wesley By 1\lr. CATRON: De Sart (with accompanying papers) ; A bill ( S. 3073) for the relief of 1\Iah1om Brown ; to th~ Com­ A bill ( S. 3109) grnnting an increase of pension to William mittee on Public Lands. 'Veigh (with accompanying papers) ; A bill' (S. 3074) to correct the military record of A. W. Sud­ A bill (S. 3110) granting an increase of pension to John P. duth; and Martin (with accompanying papers) ; and A bill (S. 3075) to remove the charge of desertion from the A bill (S. 3111) granting an increase of pension to Charles military record of Richard R. Johnson; to the Committee on l\lallatte (with accompanying papers) ; to the Committee on ·l\lilitnry Affairs. Pensions. A bill (S. 3076) granting an increase of pension to Dolores By Mr. STERLING: Lucero de Salaz ; to the Committee on Pensions. A bill ( S. 3112) granting a pension to Emer A. Robbins By 1\Ir. CURTIS: (with accompanying paper) ; and A bill (S. 3077) to amend section 914, chapter 18, of the A bill (S. 3113) granting an incr·ease of pension to Norman B. Revised Statutes of the United States of 1878, relating to the Stacy (with accompanying papers) ; to the Committee on Pen­ judiciary ; and sions. A bill ( S. 3078) providing for service of subprenas for wit­ By 1\Ir. FALL: nesses in the district courts of the United States in addition to A bill (S. 3114) creating the Mescalero National Park, in New the methods now provided by law ; to the Committee on the Mexico, and providing for. the allotment of certain lands in Judiciary. severalty to the Mescalero Apache Indians; to the Committee on By 1\Ir. POMERENE: Public Lands. A bill ( S. 3080) granting an increase of pension to Lucie B. A bill (S. 3115) g1.·anting a pension to Juan l\Iiguel Archu­ Ka son ; to the Committee on Pensions. leta (with accompanying papers) ; By l\Ir. PENROSE: A bill ( S. 3116) granting a pension to George D. Penland A bill (S. 3081) providing for extended leave of absence to (with accompanying papers) ; and superannuated employees in the Postal Service; to the Commit­ A bill (S. 3117) granting an increase of pension to Daniel tee on Post Offices and Post Roads. Lewis (with accompanying papers) ; ·to the Committee on Pen­ A bill (S. 3082) for the relief of certain officers of the Army sions. and Navy in connection with the construction of the Panama By Mr. NELSON: Canal "(with accompanying papers) ; to the Committee on Inter­ A bill (S. 3118) for relief of settlers on State swamp lands; oceanic Canals. to the Committee on Public Lands. A bill (S. 3083) to provide for the retirement of employees A bill (S. 3119) to reimburse the State of Minnesota for in the civil service; to the Committee on Civil Service and timber sold from its lands by the Department of the Interior; Retrenchment. and . A bill (S. 3084) to correct the military record of Daniel A bill ( S. 3120) for the relief of l\fichael Flaherty, guardian Graeber ; to the Committee on :Military Affairs. of John Flaherty, claimant (with accompanying papers) ; to A bill (S. 3085) g1·antlng a _pension to Ed Sw~eney; the Committee on Claims. A bill ( S. 3086) granting a pension to Caroline Decker ; A bill (S. 3121) authorizing the Secretary of War to deliver A bill (S. 3087) granting a pension to Jeanette Jenkins; to the city of Litchfield, Minn., two condemned bronze or brass A bill (S. 3088) granting a _pension to Cora J. Swavely; cannon ; and A bill ( S. 3089) granting a pension to L. H. Fowler ; A bill ( S. 3122) to correct the military record of Bernard A bill ( S. 3090) granting an increase of pension to William Cavanaugh (with accompany~g papers); to the Committee on Colpetzer; Military Affairs. A bill (S. 3091) granting a pension to Harry H. Gaither; A bill ( S. 3123) granting an increase of pension to Severn L. A bill (S. 3092) granting a pension to Samuel Wilson; Parks; to the Committee on Pensions. A bill (S. 3093) granting an increase of pension to Thomas N. By l\Ir. OWEN: Miles· A bill (S. 3124) for the relief of the heirs of Mahaly Fields, A bill (S. 3094) granting an increase of pension to Charles A. deceased (with accompanying papers); to the Committee on Stutzman; Claims. A bill (S. 3095) granting an increase of pension to John A bill (S. 3125) granting an increase of pension to Emma McGuire; Newmyer (with accompanying papers); and A bill (S. 3096) granting an increase of pension to :Mary A bill (S. 3126) granting a pension to John S. Allison (with Tayror; accompanying papers) ; to the Committee on Pensions. By 1\lr. HOLLIS: A bill (S. 3097) granting a pension to Jennie H. Weible; A bill (S. 3127) to authorize the Secretary of the Treasury to A bill (S. 3098) granting an increase of vension to David construct an addition to, and to install an elevator in, the post­ Trutt; office building at Portsmouth, N. H. ; to the Committee on A bill ( S. 3099) granting a pension to Caroline Chambers ; Public Buildings and Grounds. and By Mr. CLARK of Wyoming: A bill (S. 3100) granting an increase of pension to Daniel C. A bill (S. 3128) for the reduction of the rate of postage Ehrhart (with accompanying papers); to the Committee on chargeable on first-class mail matter for local delivery; to the Pensions. Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. By Mr. WALSH: By Mr. JONES: A bill (S. 3101) authorizing the Secretary of War to extend A bill (S. 3129) to establish a fish-cultural station in the the lease issued under the act of August 23, 1912, entitled "An State of Washington; to the Committee on Fisheries. act authorizing the Secretary of War to lease to the , A bill ( S. 3130) granting certain lands to school district Milwaukee & Puget Sound Railway Co. a tract of land in the No. 56, Klickitat County, Wash., and authorizing the issuance of Fort Keogh Military Reservation, in the State of Montana, and patent therefor ; and for a right of way thereto for the removal of gravel and ballast A bill (S. 3131) validating and confirming conveyances of material; to the Committee on l\filitary Affairs. lands made by allottees on the Yakima Indian Reservation, in A bill (S. ~102) granting a J)ension to Rachel R. Gwyn (with the State of ·washington; to the Committee on Indian Affairs. accompanying papers) ; and A bill ( S. 3132) providing for the homestead entry of certain A bill ( S. 3103) granting a pension to Mary E. King; to the lands in the Stn.te of Washington, and for other purposes; to Committee .on Pensions. the Committee on Public Lands. By ~Ir. KENYON: A bill ( S. 3133) to. authorize the county commissioners of A bill (S. 3104) for the reduction of the rate of postage Pend Orellle County, Wash., to construct a bridge across the chargeable <>n first-class mall matter ·for local delivery; to the Pend Oreille Rlva- at or near the town of Metaline Falls ; to Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. the Committee on Commerce. 494 CONGRESSIONAL 1\EOORD-_ SEN.L~TE. JANUAR¥ 5, -

. A bill ( S. 3134) for ·the survey and construction of a public By Mr. CLAPP: lughway from Cedar Creek Forest Ranger Station in Skamania A bill (S. 3167) authorizing the Secretary of ·war to make County \Va h., to Guier post office in Klickitat County, Wash.; a donation of condemned canuon and cannon balls· nnd to the Committee on A.e:riculture and Forestrv . A biH (S. 3168) authorizing the Secretary of Wa; to make a A bill ( S. 3135) i nct-=-eas i ng pensions of 'vid~ws of the Ci vii

against the United States in the Supreme Court of the United article defined as ·oonira:barid .of war by this 'act oonsi,gned or -destined to any country which is in a state of war, to ta.'ke. -receive, or transport States (With accompanying pa-pers); to the Committee on the any passenger who is .a citizen r ·destined, Georgia [Mr. SMITH] I request unanimous consent that the bills illrectly "Qr 'indirectly, t'O any po.rt or 1.>lace in any country whlch is in I a state of war. Any person yiolatlng the pTovisions of this section which have introduced may be printed in the RECORD. shall be gui1ty of a misd«-meanor, and upon e<>nviction therenf shall be The VICE PRESIDE~"'T. Is there objection? punished by a fine of not less than $500 nor more than $2,500, or by Mr. SMOOT. What are the bills, Mr. President? imprisonme:I!lt !or not less tban six months n<>r m(fl'e than two _years, Mr. GORE. They are both very .sho1·t bills, I ''till say to the \Or both. SEc. 5. The amount of th~ Se\'eral fines and ~naltles. imposed by any Senator from Utah. section of this act up.o:n the :ma:ster of any ve sel -carrying or bring1ng 1\fr. LODGE. What reference of the bills is proposed? any of said passengers, citizen.;; -of the United States, for any violation The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator from Oklahoma asks of the pTovi!tion~ f tbe foD:o""''ing .articles, to wit : Arms of all kinds, 'including arms 'for sporting J)Ul"p1>iies, 1lD:d their ills:tinetive component The bills referred to are as follows : · parts ; projectiles, charges, and cartridges of all kinds, and t'hci:r dis­ A bill (S, 3033) to prohibit the issuanct' of passports for use on the tinetiye component parts; powder and explns "Qf war, for the .mann­ a passenger on the vessel of any foreign country or power wbich shall facture or repair of .arms, -oT w r ·ma;teri:al for use on 1a.nd or sea. be at the time in a state .of war. SEC. 7. The Secretary of Commerce £hrul have :power to ·prescribe SEc. 2. That when a state of war exists between any two or more and enforce suitable rules and regulations as to the entry, clearance, toreign powers or countries, no ·passport shall be authorized or issued ·a'nd mantl'.ests of said Tess.els, oc f acts in nflict with this act are hereby to the United States, until such citizen shall have made oath, as repealed.. prescribed in the preceding ection, that he will not during the time .for whlch such passport is issued or renewed travel or accept ttans­ Mr. GORE. l\lr. P;resident, the tw.o .bills just intr-oduced seek J)ortatlon as a passenger on any vessel of any foreign power or country which is at the time in a state of war. to accomplish the following objects: First, to prevent the issu­ SEC. 3. That any such citizen or person falsely making the oath anee of passports for use on belligerent ships; second~ to with­ provided for in the first section hereof, or who having taken such oath draw prott>.ction .from Ameri-can citizens who ·persist in traveling shall travel or accept transportation as a passenger on any vessel of any such belligerent power or colllltry during the time fQr which ·such on the ve sels -of bellig-erents; th.ixd, to 'Prevent -belligerent ships passport was issued or renewed, -except in case of shipwreck or oth~ from entering or clearing in ports of the United States if they distress at sea, shall be guility of a felony and upon conviction thereof transport .American eitizens as passeagers to or from such ports ; shall be punished by a fine Ublic ing the saCI.ifiee -of millions -of lives and billions of treasure. sentce. So long as this legal right e...nsts it must be -defended by our SEC. 6. That the President shall have the power by proclamation, whi!never in his judgment the public _peace, interest, or safecy will not Government at '\Vhatever eost. We -can n-ot suffer the rights of be jeopardized thereby, to suspend the operation of this aet as to the our citizens to be invaded or viol:ated with impunity. Only the vesselll .of British Honduras plying .exclusively between that country Government of the United States ·can withdraw -or suspend this and the United States. and the vesoo1s of the Dominion of Canada -plying exdusivel.Y b.etween ports a:nd -places in the Domlnl.on o! Canada right without the .forfei.t:nre of ill {S. 3034) to prohlbit belligerent vessels from transporting American citizens as passengers to or from ports in the United the right to the protection of the Gove-nment. These precedents States, and to prohibit American and neutral vesselll from transport­ justify the proposed legislation. During the Russo-.Japanesewar ing American citizens .as passengers and contraband of war at one · Great Britain ordered her subjects not to travel on beli:l,gerent and the same tim~. .ships. Be it enacted, etc., That it shall not be lawful for the mast.e:r of .any vessel o.t any foreign country whlch is in a state of wa-r to bring or · We ·ordered American citizens to leuve Mexico, to leave their :transport from any port or place in a 1'oreign countr.Y t

passengers·and contraband of war as defined by the declaration · The joint resolution (S. J. ·Res: 69) for the pm·pose of making of London at one and the same time. · more certain the rules of international law, and for other pur­ The VICE PRESIDENT. The bills will be referred to the poses, was read, as follows : Committee on Foreign Relations. ResoZ1;ed, etc., That the President of the United States is hereby authorized to invite the nations of the world to send delegates as "VOLUNTEER MILITARY TRAINING CAMPS. the guests of the United States to meet in international conference l\Ir. hlcCU~IBER. I inh·oduce a bill to establish volunteer in the city of Washington, D. C., on the first Monday in May, of the inilitnry training camps for high-school students. The bill be­ year 1916, for the purpose of making more certain and proJ;>erly declar­ ing the rules of international law, proposing means by which such laws ing upon a subject much under discussion at the present time, I may l.>e enforced, and laying the foundations by which the future peace a .·k unanimous consent that it may be read at length. and happiness of the world may be assured through acceptable inter- The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection 1 The Chair national agreement. - Each nation shall be entitled to one delegate and one vote; and one hears none, and the Secretary will read the bill. additional delegate and vote for each 5,000,000 of inhabitants or major The bill ( S. 3062) to establish volunteer military training fraction thereof, not exceeding 20 delegates for any nation. Such international conference shall be had with the understanding that the ramps for high-school students was read the first time by its conference shall not deal with the internal policy of any nation, but title ami the second time at length, as follows: exclusively with the rules which should govern international intercourse. A bill (S. 30G2) to establish yolunteer military training camps for .high­ school students. l\1r. STONE. 1\fr. President, I think the joint resolution Whereas the President of the United States in his last annual message should go to the Committee on Foreign Relations. to the Congress has urged the creation of a larger standing Army lUr. OWEN. I have made that request, Mr. Presiuent. and a system of military b·aining which will enable the country to The VICE PRESIDENT. The joint resolution ,..,...m be re­ ln·ing into active service, in case of emergency, a large army of trained citizens; and fen·ed to the Committee on Foreign Relations. Whereas it has been the policy of this Government, l.>acked by the senti­ AME!iD.MENT TO URGENT DEFICIENCY APPROPRIATIO~ BILL. ment of the American people, to maintain a great civil government, who::;e glory should be in her peaceful achievements rather than in 1\Ir. S:MOOT submitted an amendment proposing to appropri­ her military prowess-a standard and example to the whole worltl ; aotl ate $250,000 for the purpose of investigation, treatment, and ·whereas m1Jitarlsm, as known and recognized in the Old World, is eradication of rabies in the Rocky Mountain States, to be ex­ repugnant to American ideals and independence; and pended under the direction of the Secretary of Agriculture, etc., Whereas any means adopted for the training of our citizens to meet the emergencies of war should never violate the historical policy antl intended to be proposed by him to the urgent deficiency appro­ SE'ntiment of the country by the creation of a strong military organ, priation bill, which was referred to the Committee on Appro: whose chlef function should be war, but should seek only to secure priations and ordered to be printed. capability for service without engendering a desire for military achievements; and THE JUDICIAL CODE. "Whereas this training should be of the kind to raise the standard of citizenshlp in peaceful occupations and should be obtained at a 1\lr. CLARK of Wyoming (for l\lr. WARREN) submitted an minimum of expenditure, and with as little interference as possible with business pursults; and · ame-ndment intended to be proposed by him to the bill (S. 1412) Whert:'as there were enrolled in the high schools of the Unitetl States further to codify, revise, and amend the laws relating to the in the school year of 1913-14 541,486 boys who were generally with­ judiciary, which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary out occupation of any kind during the summer months; and Whereas these young men, as a rule, would welcome the out-of-door and ordered to be printed. activities and military training and by such physical training and · l\lr. PENROSE submitted an amendment intended to be pro­ discipline would be better fitted for their school work as well as their posed by him to the bill (S. 1412) further to codify, re-vise, and lite occupations; and amend the laws relating to the judiciary, which was ordered to Whereas, by pursulng this plan of utilizing the otherwise waste time o! these pupils during the summer months in military training, we be printed and, with the accompanying paper, referred to the should have in a few years an army of well-trained men of sufficient Committee on the Judiciary. number to meet the demands of war ; and ·whereas it has been demonstrated that in time of war trained medical THE MERCHA "'1' MARINE. officers with e.xperience in looking after the health of large bodies o! Mr. WALSH. :Mr. President, it will be recalled that towm·d men are a most necessary adjunct to armies: Now, therefore, the close of the last session of Congress a special committee of Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to prepare such abandoned or unoccupied mili­ the Senate was appointed to inquire into certain charge of tary posts of the country as may, in his judgment, be best fitted for sinister influences in connection with the so-called ship-purchase use as military training camps during the months of July and August bill, the committee being generally .referred to as the "Ship­ of each year, where the male high-school' students of the United States may be given military training and instruction in the same general Lobby Committee." I have the honor to submit a report manner as is now provided for the training of the cadets at the Military (No. 25) on behalf ~f the committee. Academy at West Point during the summer months; that any male 1\Ir. SUTHERLAl~D. I submit the views of the minority of student of any high school in the United States shall be allowed to enter such camp by complying with such rules and regulations as the the special committee with reference to the matter, and ask Secretary of War may promulgate, such rules and regulations being that it may be printed in connection with the majority report. fmmed to include physical, mental, and moral qualifications; and that The VICE PRESIDENT. Without objection, that action will the Secretary of War is authorized to provide transportation to and from such camps, uniforms, tents and equipment, and all necessary be taken. facilities for the care and training in such camps of such high-school OSAGE RESERVATION LAJ'\DS, OKLAHOMA. students in military tactics; and he shall detail for duty in such camps such officers of the Regular Army, including medical officers, as Mr. OLIVER submitted the following conctU'rent resolution may be needed to provide suitable superintendence, instruction, and (S. Con. Re·s. 4), which was read and referred to the Committee control of such camps; and that the Secretary of War may employ such on Indian Affairs : physicians and surgeons not connected with the military forces of the nited States as in his judgment may be necessary to preserve and Resolved by the Senate (tile House of Rept·esentatives concnrt··ing), protect the health of such students while in camp. That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, requested to The said Secretary of War shall prepare all needful rules and regula­ refrain from making any disposition of such quarter-section unlts ol' tions for enlistment of such high-school students for training and for the lands of the O:;,age ReseiTatlon in the State of Oklahoma as have carrying out the provisions of this act : Provided, That all enlistments been developed by the Barnsdall Oil Co. and are now producing oil, shall· be voluntary, and no boy under the age of 21 years shall be re­ save the portions thereof which have been accepted by· said company ceivetl without the consent of his parents or guardian. for !£oase to be made dlr('ct to it, until further action thereon by Con­ gress, and that said lands, after the expiration of the term of the exist­ The VIOE PRESIDENT. The bill will be referred to the ing lease, may continue to be operated by the said sublessee, the money Committee on Military Affairs. arising from the oil puduced therefrom, after payment of expenses and royalty, to be held in a Federal depositary to be designated by RETIREMENT OF CIVIL~SERVICE EMPLOYEES. the Secretary of the Interior, pending further action by Congress. Mr. POMERENE. I introduce a bill for appropriate refer­ FREIGHT EMBARGO AT . ence. The bill (S. 3079) for the retirement of employees in the classi­ 1\Ir. WALSH. I submit a resolution, which I ask may lie on fied civil service was read twice by its title. the table for the present. If it is reached to-morrow, I shall Mr. POMERENE. Mr. President, I am having prepared by ask the indulgence of the Senate to suJJmit some remarks in an actuary certain tables relative to the expense of the plan relation to it. provided for in the bill that I have just introduced, as well as The VICE PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from 1\Iontana the expense which would be incurred by the enactment into law desire to have the resolution read? of certain other lJills which have from time to time been intro­ Mr. WALSH. I ask that it may be read. duced. Upon the receipt of the tables, I shall ask the privilege The resolution ( S. Res. 43) was read, as follows: Whereas it is a notorious fact that for weeks there has be('n a serious of addressing the Senate upon the subject. congestion of freight in the terminals and yards of. all of the trunk­ The VICE PRESIDENT. The notice of the Senator from line railways entering the port of New York City; and Ohio will be entered, and the bill will be Teferred to the Com­ Whereas thousands of loaded freight cars have been standing in saitl yards and terminals and on sidings of said trunk-li.ne railroads, with mittee on CiYil Service and Retrenchment. great damage and injury to business men and shippers of the country, PROPOSED CONFERENCE ON INTERNATIONAL LAW. as well as to the railroads' themselves; and Whereas all or some of the leading trunk-line railroads have declared Mr. OWEN. I introduce a joint resolution, which I ask may embargoes upon further shipments of freight into the port of New be read and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. York; and 1916. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 497

'\\heieas similar conditions , are reported as to other ports, and the have maintained their dignity and self-respect. The sympathetic . ituation has become so. serious as gravely to menace not only our foreign trade but the domestic trade of the country, manufacturing heart of the American people all over this land has welled up industries having difficulty tn receiving supplies of needed raw and overflowed in sympathy for them. In the great city of New materials on the one hand and being unable to make prompt ship­ York and in very many other cities of this country great meet­ ments of their finished product on the other; and Whereas shippers throughout the country are sufl'ering delays, incon­ ings have been held expressive of sympathy. venience, and actual losses because of these conditions; and This resolution can take but little time; and it does seem to Whereas it is asserted that the principal reason for such freight con­ me that if there ever was a time when sympathy was fitting gestion and for such railroad embargoes is the lack of ships to carry on the foreign commerce of the United States; and and apropos, that time is now. Questions of dollars and ques­ 'Vhereas the ocean freight rates even on such ships as are available have tions of preparedness, as needed as they may be, it seems to me, increased since the outbreak of the European war from normal to as all fade and fall into insignificance when it comes to the mat­ high as fifteen hundred per cent, thus imposing a serious handicap on the commerce of the United States, such ocean freight rates being ter of expressing sympathy over a race stricken as has been the ·o high as to preclude foreign commerce in certain articles of Jewish race. American production ; and Mr. STONE. Mr. President, of course I join no issue with the Whereas American commerce is to-day dependent almost wholly upon ships of foreign registry ; and Senator on the question of sympathy. Whereas such ships are more or less under the control of their respec­ Mr. MARTINE of New Jersey. I realize that, sir. tive governments, which, in turn are quite naturally employing them I primarily for the benefit of their1 interests regardless of the rights Mr. STONE. merely asked, for prudential reasons, that the and interests of American commerce; ana · resolution lie on the table until to-morrow morning. Whereas the situation has become so grave that it is imperative that Mr. MARTINE of New Jersey. That is all right. I may say all of the facts shall be developed in order that the problem may be fully understood and dealt with: Be it therefore that I quite willingly acquiesce. I know that the Senator's is ResolVed That a special committee of five Members of ·the Senate be heart as big as mine and that he is just as syinpathetic. appointed by the President of the Senate, with aut110rity to investigate The VICE PRESIDENT. The resolution will- lie on the table and report upon the existing freight blockade and embargoes on the and be printed. trunk-line railroads entering the port of New York City, and other ports where like conditions may be disclosed; the real;lons for SllCh blockade HARDT, VON BERNUTH & CO. AND OTHERS. and embargoes ; the effect of the same upon the foreign and .domestic commerce of the United States; the extent to whi<;h the same is occa­ 1\Ir. OVERMAN submitted the following -resolution (S. Res. sioned by a lack of ocean transportation faciijties at and from such 41), which was read and referred tQ the Committee on Claims: ports ; the reasons for such insufficient shipping or ocean transporta­ Resolved, That Senate bill No. 1414, providing for the adjudication tion facilities ; the ocean freight rates now being charged as compared by the Court of Claims of the claims of Hardt, Von Bernuth & Co. ; with the rates existing at the time of the outbreak of the European war F. .A. Straus & Co. ; Albert Eckstein; Barthels Manufacturing Co. ; in 1914; the extent to which discriminations are being practiced by Dieckerhoff, Ramoer & Co. ; Dieckerhofl', Ramoer & Co. (a corporation) ; shipowners and carriers, as between American products and commodities, G. Hirsch's Sons; Ludwig Llttauer; Moeller & Llttauer; Naday & and the reasons therefor; and, generally, to investigate the shipping Fleischer; William .Jonas & Co.; Charles E. Hertlein; G. Robison & conditions as related to any and all of the ports of the United States Co. ; G. Robison, jr. ; Paul Puttmann; Imperial. Braid Co. ; F. B. Vand.e­ and as between said ports and foreign countries. Said special commit­ p-ift & Co. ; and G. Robison & Son, together with all papers accompany­ tee is hereby given full power and authority to summon witnesses, to mg said bill, be, and is hereby, referred to the Court of Claims to find compel the production of books a.nd papers, to employ counsel, and to the facts relating to their claims for refund of import duties paid by take any and all steps that may be necessary to carry out and effectu- them upon artificial silk in excess of the legal duties imposed by law ate the purposes and objects of this resolution. ~ upon artificial silk during the years 1901 to 1909, inclusive, and also to Said special committee, or anby subcommittee thereof, is further au­ find the conclusions of law and equity applicable. to the facts. thorized to employ a stenograp er, at a ~rice not to exceed $1 per printed page, to report such hearings as may be had in connection with REPORT ON AERONAUTICS. the subject pending before the said committee; that the committee may sit during the sessfons or recesses of the Senate, and the expenses 1\Ir. LODGE submitted the following resolution (S. Res. 44), thereof shall be paid out of the contingent fund of the S~nate. which was read and referred to the Committee on Printing: Mr. GALLINGER. What is the request of the Senator from Resolved, That the appendices to the report of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, transmitted with the President's message Montana in connection with the resolution? of December 15, 1915, be printed as a Senate document. The VICE PRESIDENT. That it lie on the table for the present. HEARINGS BEFORE THE COMMITI'EE. ON WOMAN SUFFRAGE. :M:r. GALLli~GER. There is no objection to the resolution Mr. THOMAS submitted the following resolution (S. Res. 46), taking that course. which was read and referred to the Committee to Audit and The VICE PRESIDENT. The resolution will lie on the table Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate: and be printed. Resolved, That the Committee on Woman Suffrage, or any sub­ committee thereof, be, and the same are hereby, authorized, during IMPORTS .A,.L~D E.XPOBTS. the Sixty-fourth Congress, to send for books and papers, to administer oaths, and to employ a stenographer, at a price not to exceed $1 per l\fr. FLETCHER. l\fr. Presi

Real Estate Exchanges, o:i Los AngeleS, and before the Farm These men will be enlls.ted tor a period of several years. ·Tbe pay and other conditions will be made attractive enough to get suffic1.ent Management Association at the University of California, August good men and no more. The work will be, conducted under the regular 9, 1915, on ~ subject of· " The relation of a permanent agti­ discipline of the Army. The men will live in portable houses or camps culture to social welfare.·~ It is a very important paper, and I at the various places where the work is being done throughout the country, The outdoor work and lite will tend to harden the men to ask to have it referred to the Committee on Printing for consid­ the life of a soldier. Every day an hour or more will be .devoted to eration, with a view that it may be printed as a public docu­ drill and other military training. On Saturdays extensive maneuvers ment. will be practiced. Here, then. in a nutshell Is the scheme which will train a million men in a few years at very little more expense than the The VICE PRESIDENT. It will be referred to the Com­ cost. of the great engineering WGrks on which the men are employed. . mittee on Printing. That a limited amount of practical but thorough training is very e1feetive in time of war was proven by the experience of the Germans DIST.RIBUTION OF F .ABM PRODUCTS. a century ago. In 1809 the Genmms were crushed by Napoleon, who forced them to agree to limit their army thereafter to 42,000 men. 1\Ir. FLETCHER. I have also so~e hearings which include Ge.rmany kept her word, but cleverly arranged her system so that the statements niade by ' Mr. David Lubin, American delegate tQ men only served for ~ short time and then gave place to others. Thousands upon thousands were put through the army quickly, and the ~nternational Institute of Agriculture. by certain post-office out again, till Germany soon had a vast array ot trained men ready officials, and by certain representatives of Sears, Roebuck & Co. to help accomplish the downfall of Napoleon in 1815. and :Montgomery Ward & Co., an bearing on a proposal to The great public works herein contemplated are such as have been discussed and advocated for many years. We Americans have a tre­ establish a system partaking somewhat o.f a combination plan mendous country. yet there Is not to-day a single highway extending of mail-order houses and incorporation with the Parcel Post Sys­ from the .Atlantic to the Paci.tlc. worthy of the name. The roads of tem, whereby the producers and "consumers of farm products the West and of the South are abominable~ Even in the East, where It mllllons have been spent on roads In recent years, only the main 'may be brought in direct tQuch. is a very important. portion thoroughfares are suitable to-r modern traffic. The annual losses due of a general scheme for furthering the economic distribution of to bad roads ln. America run Into millions and millions of dollars. farm products, and I think it ls a matter of great interest to Th~ days of the motor truck and the automobile are . here. Farmers, truekm:en~ and business men all over this country are crying out for all the people of the country~ I ask that the paper be referred better roads. So far there has been but feeble answer. · To build these to the Committee on Printing, with a view to its publication as roads will cost thousands of mlll:lons. There is no agency so capable a public document. for this great task as th& National Government. Road building by the various counties and States bas resulted to-day in a heterogeneoUB The VICE PRESIDENT. That action will be taken. system of roads of an kinds and in an conditions, whlch are, in most PLAN OF CONSTBUCTIVE DEFENSE. cases supervised. by poHtic:l4.n.s who have little knowledge of road engl­ neeJilng. and, in consequence, the work has been turned over 1n many 1\fr. WORKS. I have here an article on preparedne,.ss and cases: to selfish contractors, whose business ·it is to get enormous profits and Eut into the roads as little as possible of material and national defense entitled "Invincible America." It is quite an labor. The dea of making a road that would be durable for years to interesting paper and I · should ll1re to have it printed in the come is, of no interest to them. There are engineers in the United REcmm. States Army who can build roads as fine as. any of the worlll. They are n{)t handicapped f>,y political am.Iiatlons. They are not burdened The~·e being no objection, the paper was ordered to be printed wltb a selfish desire to squeeze out the profit of a fat contractor. They in the REconn, as follows: aro governed by the ironclad rule of A.rmy discipline. The simple, practl.cal, and economical solution of the hlghway problem is to turn it INVINCIBLE AMERJCA.: A. PLAN OB' COYsntUCTIVl!l DEFENSE. over to the United States Army. · (By Harry G. Traver.) The Mississippi and Ohio River systelllS" eall tor etrective and imme­ HOW All.l!miCA CAN JiiAVJil A LA.ll.GE A..B.MY OF Tll.A.I \ED MEN WITHOUT WASTlD diate improvement. The direct annual loss from floods runs into mll­ 01!' MEN AND MONEY. . Hons, to say nothing of tremendous Indirect losses to trade and trans­ portation. This great work wm cost at least $600,000,000. The There are two sides to the army question. Peace advocates ask why present annual losses would more than pay the tnterest on the entire we should maintain a hundred tb.ousand men in practical idleness, waste cost of the work. The territory involved covers many States. No their time on useless eirort,. waste the money spent on their equi~ State can or should undertake it. It is outside the field of priva~ ment and maintenance, and develop a large class of men who have enterprise. The National Government alone has the necessary au­ few ideals except to kill the enemies of their cou:ntry. thority and the financlal ability to handle it. Much of the work which The advocates of a large army ask~ How ean we be prepared to defend our great country with its thousands ol miles of coast line, has been done u_p to date has been done as a political sop to the various our cities, and our homes without keeping up a large army and a sections through whleh these rivers pass. The work should be taken proper reserve who are trained to fight? How can we, they ask, ignore out of politics and turned over to the United States Army engineers. the fact that great nations call treaties "only scraps of paper"? How If they do as well as they did at the Panama, the whole Nation will can we defend the Monroe doctrine? How can we maintain our rejoice. national dignity when great disputes arise? How can we defend our­ - Tbe great reclamation projects have proved the ability o1 the United selves from a foreign foe who may land on orn shores willi a great States Government to carry on great works of this character. During army when we have barely 50,000 men to-day who could take the field? 10 years the area of irrigated land in this cou:ntry was doubled, largely Tbat number is scarcely larger than a single army corps of the nations through these Government irrigation systems. Who knows what might now engaged in the death struggle in Europe. As for the protection be accompfuhed if the Army were put into, this field fo-r 20 years ? offered us by the Atlantic Ocean, distances to-day are so short on water This work should be continued and enlarged by the industrial army. that two of the chief naval battles of the present war were fought There are other great works need1ng attenfton, though not quite so twice as far away from Europe as the distance across, the Atlantic. urgent. The lnla.nd eoastwfse canal along the Atlantic seaboard, the All attempts to solve this problem have failed. Thousands of earnest draining of the vast swamp areas, the 1inJ)rovement of the national and patriotic men in the State militia and in the Regular Army have forests, and the building of the new Government ra.Uway' in Alaska labored faithfully against serious difficulties to build up dependable can all be done by the new army. organizations, and in many, cases they h.ave succeeded. I.n the Civil Not onl~ can the National Government do this work efficiently, but War and in the Spanish-American War there were units which per­ by purchasmg supplies in enormous quantities 1t can do the work more formed wonderful services. But th.ere has been a tremendous change economically than the small contractors can in local districts. in the conditions of warfare since that time. To send a small army What kind of an army will this system produce? It must necessarily of militia who are unaceustomed to the hardships of war against the produce the best army in the world. No army in history has been o seasoned and well-trained · troops. of other great nations would be effective as the army composed ot citizen soldiers when they were prop­ nothing less than criminal slaughter. To send the Regular Army is erly trained and physically able to endure the hardships of war. our out of the question, as it contains at present only 86,000 men in all, new industrial ai:IDy will. be an· efficient force, well trained, always most of whom are necessary to defend the insular possessions and to ·mobilized, always ready. It will be made up of hearty young fellows. man the fortifications and Army posts. accustomed to hard life in the open. They can stand the rain and Now, the Regular Army already costs $100,000,000 per year, or snow, the eold and heat. They will be accustomed to the use of pick $1,160 per year per man, which is from two to four times the cost and shovel, to earthworks, to concrete construction, to motor trucks per man of the army of any otner nation. The militia,. too, is very automobile tractors, and other machinery. They will be used to dis: expensive, though it is not completely trained nor equipped for active cipline, to working in squads, both large and small units. They will service. To increase the Regular .Anny and the niilfiia to what is develop individual initiative. They will be accustomed to being shifted considered adequate size, and to place each in a proper condition for about from place to place. to ha:t:d physical labor. to hard foot and leg service, will cost this cou:ntry at least $400,000 000 per year, or more work, and to carrying necessary equipment. The offi.cers will be men than any other cou:n try on earth. To remedy tne1 existing defects and who can really command, who as foremen, superintendents, and man­ to meet the needs of the United States for an adequate army without agers of departments have seen real field service. They will be officers wasting a dollar or a man is the object of the new system here offered. who can take responsibility and who have been weighed in the balance The new system consists simply in developing on a large scale the and not found wanting. method found so successful In building the great Panama. Canal, This army will be put through mllitary drill an hour or more every namely, place the great reclamation pr-ojects, the great road-building day except Sunday. On Saturday it will practice field maneuvers and schemes, the great Mississippi River improvement, and other great and once each year tt will take part in large units in operations on a large much-needed public works under the control of the United States scale. There will be an educational department, wherein the men can Army Engineers. Give these engineers an army of young men who study certain fundamental things necessary to the ideal lif~ of a sol- . can handle a pick and shovel, live in the open, drive mules, load dier. This will include hygiene, first aid to the injured, geography, wagons, operate motor trucks, and do such work and live such a life horsemanship, motor-truck driving, track laying, bridge work. and mili­ as that required of a soldier. That the Army Engineers built and com­ tary tactics. pleted successfully and economically the greatest engineering feat of A man who can successfully drive a motor truck in building a wagon mouern times at Panama, after other agencies had failedt is sufficient road would make an ideal man to drive the same truck tn·tim.e ot war. proof that they are equal to this new task. At Panama 1t was neces- The ability to get there promptly under adverse conditions and to keep his truck moving properly are the requirements in each case. Tbe sam-e t~~Y c~~~ f~~li~ l~grd~n alfrc~rtleofw~i.climate, but in this colllltry may be said of handling teams. wago.ns., and supplies. A man who ean , Soldiers will be enlisted with this end in view from the very start. dig ditches and drains for roads and culverts can dig trenches-. Battles They will constitute a vast industrial army under the control of the are not always fought on macadamized roads. They are more likely to War Department; there will be important work for every man from be fought on rain-soaked fields, over ditches, hills and valleys, through · the officer down to the rawest recruit; and all the men being profit­ lee and snow, across streams, and through diffi.culties in general more ably emplo_yed, . it will be possible to maintain an . army of 500,000 like those of the road builder than anything else. ' Battles are never or more w1th a mere fraction of the loss and waste that is common fought on the dance fioor of a regimental armory, nor on the well-kept under our present system •. lawns of an army post. It is said the life of a horse or a motor truck 1916. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENA+E. 499 in the pre~ent European war is often not more than a week, and that expires. They may be released from service in less than one year if at the b('ginning of the war this was often due to carelessness in han­ the regular industries of the country demand them· sooner. dling or to the inability of inexperienced men to make slight adjust­ Most of the unemployeu are single men, which make.s them e~p e cially meuts. How foolish it is, then, to put trucks in charge of any but men auapted to this system. Employers usually aim to keep their oldest, trained to handle them in actual service. steadiest, and best men even during dull tim e~ , and this inclutles men The m('n of our industrial army would travel about the country more generally with families. Even married men will be better off to join or less and would become familiar with the climate, topography, local the army temporarily than to starve or accept charity. They will be customs, and other conditions of the different sections of the country, fed, clothed, and housed in the army and all of their wages can be so that in time of invasion there would be officers and men in every sent home to their families, whom they can visit often, as tht- y will 1·egiment familiar with the physical difficulties to be met with, and not be far from them. they would avoid such disasters as those of history which were caused Only a EIDall number of men will. probably be taken into the army by ignorance of local conditions. Napoleon's disastrous retreat from during a depression.· The mere fact that the army is ready to employ Moscow and his defeat at Waterloo would not have happened to our them is sufficient. When the Government puts its stamp on a paper industrial army. dollar few people ever take it to the 'Treasury to have it r edeemed. The soldiers of this army will be paid better wages than the present The mere fact that ·the Government is ready to redeem it is sufficient. Regular Army, and they will earn the money. Their food and other So with labor. When the Government stands ready to r edeem or supplies will be suitable for men doing hard physical labor and living employ every man who applies, few will apply. Why? Simply because out of doors. Their houses will be portable structures, quickly moved employers will know th3.t the sale of their products will not decrease from place to place. No more Army posts should be built like the pres­ through bad business, and therefore they will keep 1heir employees ent establishments, except to be used as places of storage for Army themselves. supplies. The wages of this special army would not be so high as to keep What would be the mental and moral development of these men? them out of the regular industries when the period of depression is Detter than at present. Men who are engaged in a great enterprise will passed. It would be a simple matter to employ them all, as the Army have a higher sense of self-esteem and a greater personal interest in engineers would always have projects under way scattered over the their work than they have if they spend their time in the ordinary entire country on which many extra men could be used economically. monotonous routine of army life. Un,fortunately there has often been In case of a mere local disturbance ·the work can be provided only in a prejudice against the soldier in uniform in time of peace. Congress that particular section. The money for this special operation would even passed a law in 1911 forbidding discrimination against the uni­ come from bond issues. During industrial depressions much money is formed soldier by theaters and other places of entertainment. When withdrawn .by timid per-sons from t he various channels of trade and these men are engaged on great public works and paid reasonable wages either hoarded or put into postal savings banks or similar places. they will be respected and esteemed as highly in time of peace as in This money could be at such times invested in Government bonds, and time of war. through the expenditures on the special industrial army it would at Under the old system men often find it difficult to get work after once flow back into the channels of business. their discharge from the Army, because their whole life in the service Here, th('n, is the balance wheel for labor. All the men who want has made them unadapted either by experience or disposition to work in work and can not find it elsewhere can find it in the army. If these civil life. Under the new system the men will gain practical knowledge men do not stop earning, they likewise will not stop consuming. of many useful trades. Regular habits of industry and the rigid disci­ Where there is no stoppage of consumption there can be little stoppage pline of their training will make them the best and most efficient workers of production. Therefore, the hesitating wheels of industry will re­ for civil llfe. Employers are always seeking men who have such habits volve and confidence will be quickly restored. If there is unlimited and training at good wages. demand for wheat, the price of wheat will not decline below a certain A great national reserve will develop from this army. Men should point. So, if there is an unlimited demand ready to absorb the surplus serve in the Regular Army for the period of their enllstment, and they labor, wages will not decline below a C('rtain level, neither will busi­ may then reenlist at advanced pay or be retired to the first reserve, ness men become frightened by a financial crisis. They will know if which will meet yearly for the maneuvers. They will have their ex­ all the men in the country are continually employed that the con­ penses paid during this meeting and will be paid for their time. The !mming public is ever and always practically unchanged. They will reserve is subject to call only in time of war. After serving for a know if the materials and supplies used in one industry are decreased period of years in the fir ·t reserve, they will then be retired to the that there will be a corresponding increase in other lines, for the second reserve, which is not called out unless the first reserve is inade­ total number of workers in the whole country will not be allowed to quate. decrease. This system need not be installed all at once. Like the rural free How much self-respect and manllness will be saved to the workers delivery, it can be started on a small scale and increased gradually themselves can not be measured in dollars and cents. The army may till it supersedes the present Army. in this -way absorb the men who might otherwise become part of the The individual States may keep their present system of militia till flotsam and j etsam of city and town out of a job and out of a home. the National Army is well established and work progressing on many It will keep them out of soup houses and lodging houses. It will keep projects. They will then either abandon the State militia entirely or them from becoming va,gabonds or charity applicants. It will give copy the National Army for State use. them self-respecting work and pay them decent wages for it. better Some work will be done in every State, but only as part of a com­ wages, in fact, than are often paill in some industries. Their work prehensive plan wherever and whenever most needed and according to will be efficient and effective under the discipline of trained officers plans worked out under the efficient eyes of the Army Engineers; not in and according to well-rlefined plans of the Army engineers. There the extravagant fashion of the annual river and harbor appropriations. could be no better work found for men who have lost their grip or Thus will be found a solution of the old pork-barrel system from which lost their jobs than a year under the discipline of the industrial most of our Congressmen will be glad to get away, if it can be done army. gracPfully. Here is their chance. Labor unions will receive practical help from this system, .especially A balance wheel to national industry can be created out of this in­ those comprising labor which is poorly paid anti which is most affected dustrial army. The time is now here when something more effective by periods of depression and by competition of cheap labor. The new than the present methods must be provided to cope with the problem of system will tend to establish a mlninmm wage, though not in the way the unemployed during periods of business depression. The new army usually intended and with none of the possible ill effects of a minimum system offers a practical solution, for the same reason that it solves the wage law. Employers will profit as well, for if there are no unem­ problems of great public improvements, namely, because only the Na­ ployed, the purchal'ing power of the public will be uni~paired and there tional Government is large enough to handle the proposition. can be no long and serious depressions in business, such as cripple and A watch needs a balance wheel to make its movements regular. Like­ ruin many an employer at present. wise a clock needs a pendulum. A waterworks needs a reservoir to Suppose it does cost a few hundred millions to operate this system conserve the supply over periods of plenty and scarcity. A farmer and thereby avert the consequence of a financial panic. The money provides barns and feed to carry his stock over periods of nonproduc­ wlll all go into legitimate public improvements which are worth all that tion. A successful business house keeps on hand or in bank a reserve they cost, national industries will be saved from a long period of supply of cash to protect it during periods of reduced income. But a stagnation, and there will be a great saving to charity; but the great Nation with 90,000,000 of people has never taken the trouble to greatest benefit of all, which can not be measured in money, will be provide a practical method of absorbing its surplus labor during slack the self-respect and habit of industry which will be saved or created times, nor thought it worth while to care for the idle human beings who for the thousands of men who would otherwise become recipients of must be fed and sheltered no matter whether employed or not. . charity. When the stock or bonds of a reputable corporation are olfered too To sum up the advantages of this new army system, it wlll- freely · on the stock exchange or fall a few points in price, there is 1. Provide an adequate standing a rmy. started a buying movement which " supports the market " and takes 2. Provide a suitable trained reserve. up the surplus stock. When the country produces more wheat than can 3. Improve the morale of the soldier. be consumed at home, it is "absorbed" by Europe. When an Ameri­ 4. Bulld up our great public works. can cQrporation produces more steel or harvesters, sewing machines, or 5. Fit the soldier for conditions of war. watches than can be sold in the home market, they are " dumped 6. Provide for surplus labor in ha1·d times. abroad." But when a financial crisis arises which destroys the confi­ 7. Relieve one of the causes of depression. dence of business men the country over, nearly everybody gets scared, 8. Retain the self-respect of the unemployed. people stop buying goods they can do without, trade falls olf, employees 9. Give the American people value received for every dollar spent are discharged by the hundreds, and wages fall in many industries. on the army. There is then a surplus of labor. This, then, is the new American army. Their weapons are not Unfortunately there is no support to the labor market; it can not be weapons of death, but picks and shovels. hammers anrl drills; the "absorbed " by Europe; it can not be "dumped abroad." It can not tools of thrift and industry, the instruments of peace. They are con­ even be stored in warehouses like surplus cotton and corn. Surplus querors not of men but of the great forces of nature. Soldiers not labor is a llving, moving, breathing reality clifferent from all other com­ of battle but soldiers of the great common good. How ev('ry Ameri­ modities. It is composed of human beings who must eat and sleep and can bosom will swell with pride at the si,ght of such an army. The be clothed, and though we have devised systems for disposing of every pride of every American in the Panama Canal will be reflected and other kind of surplus, all efforts to take care of the surplus labor have reechoed in every great highway and river from coast to coast. And proved fruitless. when the time comes, if it does come, to repel a foreign foe, these men As the new reserve banking system was devised to provide a balance will be fitted by their training and experience to fight for their country wheel for the money market by providing an elastic currency during as well as any army that every took the field. varying business conditions, so the industrial army can be made to balance the labor market. This operation is very simple. Congress, GENERAL NAVY BOARD (8. DOC. NO. 231). or the President, or the War Department should have power during bad industrial periods of increasing the industrial army by new recruits in 1\fr. LODGE. I ask that the report of the Geneml Board, a special class, who are enlisted for only a short period, perhaps one Department of the Navy, of July 30, which was given out by year. The number of men taken in this way should be llmited only by the department on Christmas, and which is unobtainable, the the extent of the business depression and the consequent labor surplus. It might rise as high as half a million men, but would probably never department sending me the last copy in their possession, may be •lo so. These men should always receive the regular military training printed for the use of the Senate. It consists of only two pages, and hould be put in the national reserve after their term of enllstment and it is very important, of course. 500 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 5,

The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection? The Chair information there may be an investigation by the proper com­ bears none, and it is so ordered. mittee of the Senate. It is very proper, Mr. President. THE POSTAL SERVICE. Mr. ROBINSON. Is it a Senate resolution or a joint re o­ lution? Mr. BANKHEAD. I send to the desk an address delivered Mr. McCUMBER. It is .a Senate resolution onJy. before the Seventh Annual Convention of the Southern Com­ Mr. President, I should like to present the follo,~;ing fi"'ures mercial Congress, of Charleston, S. C., December 16, 1915, by in referenee to this subject, indicating the necessity for the Daniel C. Roper, First Assistant Postmaster GeneraL It per­ passage of a resolution of this kind. tains exclusively to post-office matters. I desire to have it re­ It appears from the reports of the Geological Sur\ey that tlle feiTed to the Committee on Printing with a view to lts publica­ -estimate of the 1915 output of petroleum was 267,400,000 bar­ tion .at a later date. rels. That is 2,000,000 barrels more than the 1914 output. The The VICE PRESIDENT. The paper will be referred to the production activity during 1915, according to the report, was pur­ Committee on Printing. posely retarded. Crude petroleum ne\ertheless ·held in re erve PBESIDENTIAL APPROVALS. increased in 1915 about 50,000,000 barrels, and at present there A message from the President of the United States, by Mr. a.re 220,000,000 barrels held in reserve. During the 10 months Sharkey, one of his clerks, announced that the P:t:esident had ending October, 1915, there were expm·ted 98,471,466 barrels, appro•ed and signed the follo"ing joint resolutions and act: while during the same pel.'iod of last year the export amounted On December 17, 1915: to 140,275,273 barrels. From April to August the petroleum S. J. Res. 38. Joint resolution to transfer the Government ex­ ranged in price at $1.35 a barrel. By December 17 it had ri<>en hibit from the Panama-Pacific International Exposition to the to $2.15 per barrel. Thns iewm be seen that the production of Panama-California Exposition, and for other purposes. 1915 as estimated wa considerably in excess of the production of On December 18, 1915: the previous y.ear; that the crude petroleum held in reserve w.as S. .J. Res. 56. Joint resolution extending the time for filing Yery mueh higher than in previous years; and that at the present the report of the Joint Committee of Congress on the Fiscal time it amounts to the enormous sum of 220,000,000 barrel . Relations between the District of Columbia and the United During 1915 the export of petroleum . "~as very much le . than St tes. during the previous year, and notwithstanding all of this it S. GD6. An act authorizing the Pennsylvania Railroad Co. to seems that petroleum has almost doubled in value within the

construct, maintairi1 and operate a bridge across the Allegheny past two or three months. - Ri\er at Ol'l. City, Venango County, Pa. Now, there may be some very valid reason for this that is not PRODUCTION .AND CONSUMPTION OF G-.<\.SOLINE. indicated in the report. If our fields are about to play out the .American people ought to know sometlling about it t~s peetiily Mr. McCUMBER. Mr. President, I submit a resolution re­ as possible. If this rise · is due to orne unuer tanding or com­ questing certain information from the Secretary of the Interior, bination, irrespective of tbe amount of production, we are equally and I ask unanimou,s. consent for its present consideration. entitled to information upon that subject. The VICE PRESIDENT. The Secretary will read the l'eso-­ I have made the resolution as broad as possible to ecure lution. information that will enable us to determine ourselves the cause Tl1e resolution (S. Res. 4.~) was read, as follows: of the very suduen rise in the cost of an article so universally R&oZood, That tho Secretary ot the Interior be directed to furnlsb the Senate, for its use, such information as his department may have used by the Ameriean people. lin the production, consumption, .and price of gasoline, as follows : Mr. CLARK of ·wyoming. Mr. President, I am entirely in 1. The total amount of gasoline produced in the United States each sympathy with the pm·po e tated by the Senator from North year Rince 1900. 2. Th.e amount of gasoline .c<>nsumed in the United States each yea:r Dakota, and I do not doubt that very greu t information cnn he during said period. furnisbed by the Secretary of the Interior. But I think in order 3. The several fields of production in the United States and the t.o .get .clear information nn inquiry should also be made of the amount produced in each fi~ld during said period. 4. What has been the prevailing wholesale price of crude oil at the Department of Justice, because I am informed that a great .sever.a.l fields oi production -each year during said period? amount of petroleum pt·oduced is now under injunction lmder 5. Wha-t fields, and to what extent, are becoming exhausted? suits by t11e Government and that other great amounts are held 6. What new fields have been developed during said period, and tbe production of such new fields? because there is no purchaser of that particular oil. I simply 1. What known fields or areas are yet undeveloped. and what are make that suggestion in this connection. their possibilities for oil and gasoline prodocti-on in the United States lli. .McCUMBER. I a ume that in the broader language of and el:;;ewhere? 8. What new method or methods have been evolved t-o increase the the resolution the Secretary of the Interior, through the Geo­ percentage of gasoline produc.ed from the crude oil o--r to cheapen the logical Survey, will have notice ()f that fact, and that that infor­ co t of production in any way? mation will appear in the report which will be sent to us. 9. To what new· uses have gasoline and petroleum or coal -oil be.en l\1r. applied during the said period? · CI.. ARK of Wyoming. My only purpose was to make 10. So far as the records of his department will disclose, what has the information full. been the production and consumption of gasoline in the world outside 1\Ir. WALSH. I have had an opportunity to go over the reso­ of the United States each year during said period? 11. To what extent have the war condit;ions in Europe influenced the lution offered by the Senator from NoTth Dakota, and tlle specific production and consumption of gasoline? information which I t11ink the Senate ought to have in <:onnec" 12. What cause, if any, can be given for the sudden, .extraordinary tion with this matter will, I think, not be called for by any of the rise in the retail price of gasoline. stipulations of it except the last, which is to this effect : 1~. To what extent hns the intel'ior combustion engine been respon­ sjble for the increased consumption of gasoline, and what has been the Any otner information tha.t may be useful or beneficial in the con­ extent of the increa.se of such engines and their general uses during -said . sideration oi the subj«t of production and consumption of gasoline. period. with special reference to number and increase of stationary engine. , farm traction engines, automobile , and motor boats, etc.? I suggest to the .Senator from North Dakota, and I have no 14. Any other information which may be useful or beneficial in the doubt be will concur, that following there might be yery appro-­ consideration of the subject of production and con umption of gasoline. priately .added: The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator from North Dakota And particulli.rly what fields are now unproductive or limited in their :1sks unanimous consent for the present CQnsideration of the production because of deficiencies in the law in relation to the disposi­ resolution. Is there any objection? tion -of public lands containing deposits of oil and what areas have been wlihdra.wn from entry to await .action by Congress. l\IT. WALSH. l\Ir. President, I was not able to follow the reading of the resolution carefully. I inquire of the Senator I offer that as an amendment. from North Dakota if it includes an inquiry into the existence Mr. McCUMBER. I welcome the amendment offered by the of fields not now producing or limited in their production be­ Senator if he thinks that the several propositions in the re ·olu­ <:ause of the deficiencies in the public-land laws? tion

Mr. OWEN. I will yield for that purpose: The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, or­ Mr. FALL. I have no other pm·po_se in objecting to unanimous dered to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. consent. The VICE PRESIDENT. The question is on the indefinite 'l'he VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator from New Mexico is postponement of Senate bill 1409. The bill will be indefinitely recognized. postponed. Mr. FALL submitted the following resolution (S. Res. 42), HOUSE BILLS REFERRED. which was read : The following bills were each read twice by their titles and Resolved, That the President be requested, if not incompatible with the public interests, to in!orm the Senate upon the following subjects referred to the Committee on Commerce : and to transmit to the Senate the documents, letters, reports, orders, H. R. 136. An act granting an extension of time to construct etc., hereinafter referred to. a bridge across Rock River at or near Colona Ferry, in the First. Is there a government now existing in the Republic of Mexico ; and, if so, . State of Illinois ; and Second. Is such Government recognized by this Government; how is H. R. 4717. An act to authorize Butler County, Mo., to con­ such Government maintained and where; who is now the recognized . struct a bridge across Black River. head of such Government and is the same a constitutional Government? Third. By what means was the recognition of any Government in J.IANUJ!'ACTUBE OF ARMS .AND MUNITIONS. Mexico brought about and what I?roceedings, if any, were followed prior to and resulting in recognitionJ...in any conference between this M:r. HITCHCOCK. Mr. President, I move that the Senate country and Argentina, Brazil, Chile, l.:.matemala, and any other country now proceed to consider Senate bill 381, known as the PhiliP­ pine bill. or F~~gie~hat assurances has the Government of Mexico given this Government as to its course in protecting American lives and property Mr. CUMMINS. Mr. PreSident-- in Mexico and in Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California; and, if The VICE PRIDSIDENT. Does tlle Senator from Nebraska such as urances have been given, what evidence has this Govf}l'nment yield to the Senator from Iowa? of the ability of such Government to fulfill its promises and obligations Mr. HITCHCOCK. I do. in .J~h~rwg!'(' ~rders or instructions have been issued to our officials 1\fr. CUIDITNS. 1 suggest that there ought to be some dis­ and armed forces on or near the Mexican border for the protection of position of the resolUtions which lie on the table. I may b'e the lives, property, and peace of American citizens along said border. Sixth. What assurances have been received from the Mexican Gov­ wrong, but I am under the impression that they come up auto­ ernment, or requested by this Government, as to payment of American matically. damage claims for injury to life or property of our citizens resulting The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair ruled, and the rutin~ from the acts of Mexico, or citizens of that country, within the past five year . was not appealed from, at the last session of the Senate that Seventh. What assurances have been given by the Mexican Govern­ they do not come up automatically; that they may be called up, ment as to the protection of foreigners and cltlzens,.and particularly however, by any Senator who wishes. in the free exercise. of their religion in public or in private. · Eighth. Reports of the Brazillan MiD.ister to Mexico, made to this Mr. CUMMINS. I was under a misapprehension. I desire Government by letter or otherwi~1 while said minister was represent­ to give notice that one week from to-day, at the close of the ing this Government in Mexico· ru.so reports of American consuls and regular routine morning business of the Senate, I shall make consular representatives in Merlco during the past four years, together with reports from any special or other sources of information available some observations upon Senate resolution 20, which now lies on or 1n hand, concerning or relating to Mexican affairs and conditions or the table. I rose only for the purpose of giving that notice or to Mexican officials or military and factional leaders, reports of the making some disposition of the resolution. actions of the Red Cross in Mexico, and their reports to this Govern- ment. · The VICEl PRESIDENT. There were no resolutions laid on Ninth. Data, letters, and reports relating to the closing of the port the Presiding Officer's table at the last session which were taken o.f El Paso and reopening same to importations of meat from Juarez up without being called up. It was found that there was no and also to the setting aside or revocation of any decrees or orders of vma concerning mining property. - rule which provided that they should be laid down by the Tenth. Information concerning the occupation of Vera Cruz by our Chair, and the ruling then was that any Senator who had in­ land and naval forces, duration of such occupation, our administration troduced a resolution which had gone over would have the of a1rairs during such occupancy, and the date and cause of the evacu­ ation of Vera Cruz, with all correspondence concerning such evacuation. right before the close of morning business ·to call up the reso­ 1\Ir. FALL. I ask that the resolution may be printed and lie lution if he desired so to do. Mr. CUMMINS. I have no interest in the matter. I thought on the table. the rule provided that they should be laid before the Senate, but The VICE PRESIDENT. That action will be taken. that may apply only to the following day after the resolution ARKANSAS lliVER BRIDGE. has been introduced. Mr. CUMMINS. May I ask what was the request of the 1\fr. LODGE. They go over under objection. Senator from Oklahoma [Mr. OWEN]? Mr. CUMMINS. One day. Mr. OWEN. There is a bill providing for the construction Mr. LODGE. Yes. of a bridge over the Arkansas River at Tulsa, Okla., which The VICE PRESIDENT. The rule provides that resolutions passed the House, and a similar bill has been favorably re­ shall go over on objection, but it does not provide that the ported by the Senate committee. It is a very short bill, con­ Presiding Officer shall lay them before the Senate. sisting of only a few lines, and I ask consent to have it passed, Mr. CUMMINS. I do not insist upon any ruling on this because the pru·ties are in stress waiting for it. point, because all I desire to do now is to give the notice. Mr. CUMMINS. I shall not object; but I think we ought to THE GOVERNMENT OF '.CHE PHILIPPINES. go on and finish the regular morning business. I shall insist on The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator from Nebraska [Mr. doing that after the Senator from Oklahoma has presented his HITCHcocx] moves that the Senate proceed to the consideration bill. of Senate bill 381. l\1r. OWEN. I thank the Senator. Mr. LODGE. Mr. President, I merely desire to ask the The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair lays before the Senate Senator from Nebraska whether it is his intention to press the a bill from the House of Representatives. bill or seek final action on j t to-day, because the Senator from The bill (H. R. 3681) authorizing the construction of a bridge Rhode Island [Mr. LIPPrrr], who I know takes very great in­ across the Arkansas River at or near Tulsa, Okla., was read terest in this measure and is a member of the committee, is twice by its title. absent, and I know he desires to discuss the bill. I should The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the present like myself to say something very briefly on it; I shall take but consideration of the bill? a few moments. I wanted to know whether the Senator ex­ Mr. SUTHERLAND. I should like to ask whether the bill pected to press it to a vote to-day. I thought perhaps he would has been reported from a committee of the Senate. be willing to have it read and the amendments considered and Mr. OWEN. It was reported favorably by the Committee on allow it to go over until to-morrow at least, so that there Commerce, and I am moving now the passage of this bill in would be an opportunity for some discussion on the part of lieu of the Senate bill in the same words. those who care to discuss it. Mr. SMOOT. On what page of the calendar is the Senate Mr. HITCHCOCK. Replying to the Senator from Massachu­ bill noted? setts, I will say that I have no desire-and I think no member Mr. OWEN. It was reported this morning. It is Senate bill of the committee has any desire-to in any way interfere with 1409. The Senator from Texas [Mr. SHEPPARD] reported the Senators who wish to speak upon this bill. My purpose now is bill favorably. to get the bill before the Senate as the unfinished business. Mr. SUTHERLAND. The Senate bill, I understand, is iden- Personally, I shall have but little to say upon it at this time. I tical with the House bill which has been read by title. should like, however, to have it t..'tken up and read for com­ Mr. OWEN. It is identical. mittee amendments. The VICE PRESIDENT. The Secretary will read the bill. Mr. LODGE. I have no objection whatever to that. It was The Secretary read the bill ; and there being no objection, the only because I knew the Senator from Rhode Island desired to bill was considered as in Committee of the Whole. be heard upon it that I made tlle uggestion. I should like to 502 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. J..t\_NUA.RY 5, say something myself, and I shall speak very briefly on some of SEc. 2. That all inhabitants of the Philippine I lands who were Spanish subjects on the 11th day of April, 1899, and then resided in the ~eueral features of the bill. I only wanted to find out said islands, and their children born subsequent thereto, shall be whether it was the intention to press the bill to a vote. to-day, deemed and held to be citizens of the Philippine Islands, and as such hecause, if it is going over, I shall prefer to speak to-morrow, entitled to the protection of the United States except such as have become citizens of some other country: Pro~:ided, That the Philippine and I think the Senator from Rhode Island may then be able Legislature is hereby authorized to provide by law for the acqui ition to return. of Philippine citizenship by those natives of the Philippine Islands who Mr.. HITCHCOCK. I have 110 intention to ask for a vote on do not come within the foregoing provisions, the natives of the insular possessions of the United States, and such other persons residing in the bill to-day. the Philippine Islands who could become citizens of the l:inited States 1\Ir. SMOOT. )\Ir. President, I should like to a k the Senator under the laws of the United States if residing therein. SEc. 3. That no law shall be enacted in said i lantis which shall from l\ebra •ka if he would allow the consideration of amend­ deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process ment · to the bill to go over, and for this reason: The Sev.ator of law, or deny to any person therein the equal protection of the laws. Private property shall not be taken for public use without just from Rhode Island, being a member of the committee which compensation. has had consideration of the bill, I know is deeply interested That· in all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy the right in some of tho e very amendments and desires to speak upon to be heard by himself and counsel, to demand the nature and cau e of · them. I think it would be unjust to him to ha\e the Senate the accusation against him. to have a speedy and public trial, to meet the witnesses face to face," and to ·have compulsory process to compel pass on them to-day, because I am sure he desires to be heard the attendance of witnes es in his behalf. on those amendments, a well as upon the bill itself. I there­ That no person shall be helq to answer Cor a criminal oll'ense with­ fore ask the Senator from Nebraska to have the bill read and out due process of law: and no person for the same oll'ense hall b twice put in jeopardy of punishment, nor shall be compelled in anv then to make whate\er remarks he desires to make to-day, or criminal case to be a witne s against himself. · that any other Senator who desires to speak may do so, and That all perRons shall before conviction be bailable by sufficient then that the bill and amendments go over. sureties, except for capital oll'enses. That no law impairing the obllgation of contracts shall be enacted. 1\lr. HITCHCOCK. Is the Senator from Utah advised when That no person shall be imprisoned for debt. the Senator from Rhode Island will return? That the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be sus­ l\lr. SMOOT. I am not definitely informed, but I think he pended, unless when in cases of rebellion, insurrection, or invasion the public safety may require it, in either of which events the same will be here to-mo1-rmv. may be suspended by the President, or by the Governor General, . l\1r. LODGE. Mr. President, I haye just learned that the wherever during such period the necessity for such suspen ion shall exist. Senator from Rhode I land is detained from the Chamber by That no ex po t facto law or bill of attainder shall be enacted nor illnel s, bnt I know he will return as soon as possible. shall the law of primogeniture ever be in force in the PhilippinP . l\lr. HIT HOOCK. There is no assurance, then, that the That no law granting a title of nobility shall be enacted.. and no person holding any office of profit or trust in said islands, snail, with­ Senator from Rhode Island will be here to-morrow? out the consent of the Congress of ·the United States, accept any l\Ir. LODGE. I have not any assurance that he will be here present, emolument, office, or title of any kind whatever from any king, to-morro"·· for I do net know whether he will be well enough queen, prince, or foreign State. That excessive bail shall not l>e required, nor exce sivc fine;; impos d, to come. There is no desire whatever to delay the bill, so far nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted. as anyone on this side is concerned. I know the Senator from That the right to be secure against unreasonal>le ·earches and seiz­ Rhode Island does not desire to delay it, but wishes to be heard ures shall not l>e violated. That no war~ant shall issue but upon probable causP, supportE.'d by upon it. I hope the Senator will, therefore, have the bill read; oath or affirmation, and particularly de cribing the place to l>e searched anly to as eml>le and petition the Government for redress of grievances. to delay the consideration of the bill or a "\'Ote upon it; but I That no law shall be made re pectlng an estal>lishment of religion feel that the Senator from Rhode Island, who is the actiye or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, and that the free exercl e anti member of that committee on this side of the Chamber and enjoyment of rellgiou profession and worship, without discrimination or preference, shall forever be allowed ; and no religious test shall be ''"ho ha · taken more interest in the measure than any other required for the exercise of civil or political rights. No public money Senator on this side, should be here when the amendments are or property shall ever be appropriated, applied, donated, or used, di­ being considered and before the passage of the bill. rectly or indirectly, for the use, benefit, or support of any sect, church, denomination, or system of religion, or for the use, benefit, or support 1\Ir. HITCHCOCK. l\Ir. President, in view of the statements of any priest. preacher, mlnister, or other -religious teacher or dignitary of Senator. nnd also because of the knowledge that I have of or sectarian institution as such. Polygamous or plural marriages are the deep jnterest '"hich the Senator from Rhode .Island has in forever prohil>lted. That no money shall be paiti out of the treasury except in pursuance this bilL I shall be very glad to delay a · far as possible a of an appropriation by law. procedure on the bill until the Senator from Rhode Island That the rule of taxation in said islands shall l>e uniform. returns, if it is "·ithin a short time. I will ask now to have That no bill '~hich , may be enacted into law . hall embrace more thnn the bill read, but I desire to give notice that I should like to one subject, and that ubject shall be expre ed in the title of the bill. That all money collected on any tax levied or asses. ed for a special ha'e the committee amendment considered to-morrow. purpose shall be treated as a special fund in the treasury a.nu paid out 1\Ir. S~lOOT. I will ay to the Senator from Nebraska that for such purposes only. SEC. 4. That all expen es that may be incurred on account of the there is no objection on the part of any Senator that I know of government of the Philippines for alaries of official and the conuuct to making the bill the unfinished busine:ss. That can be done of their offices and departments, and all e~-penses anu obll~;ation con­ to-day. Of cour e, if the Senator occupies the time until 2 tracted for the internal improvement or developmE.'nt of the 1slands, nnt, however, including defen ·es, barracks, and other works unde1·taken by o'clock, automatically the bill would become the unfini hed the United States, shall, except as otherwise specifically provided by busine s. the Congress, be paid by the government of the Philippines. SEC. 5. That the statutory law of the United States hereafter E.'n­ The VICE PllESIDEN'.r. The question is on the motion of acted shall not apply to the Philippine Islands, except when they the Senator from Nebraska [1\Ir. HITCHCOCK] that the Senate specifically so provide, or it is so provided in this act. proceed to the consider~tion of the bill named by him. SEC. G. That the laws now in force in the Philippines shall continue in force and ell'ect, except as altered, amended or modifiect het·ein, until r.rhe motion was agreed to ; and the Senate, as in Committee altered, amended, or repealed by the legislative authority herein pro­ of the "Whole, proceeded to consider the bill ( S. 381) to declare vided or by act of Congress of the United State-. the purpo e of the people of the United States as to the future SEC. 7. Thn.t the legislative authority herein provi!led shall have power, whE.'n not inconsistent with this act, by tine enactment to amend, political status of the people of the Philippine Islands, and to alter, modify, or repeal any law, .civil or criminal, contlnueti in force provide a more autonomous government for those islands. by this act as it may from time to time see fit. . The Secretary read the bill, as follows : This power shall speclftcally extend with the limitation herein pro­ vided as to the tarill' to all laws relating to revenue anll taxation in Whereas it is desirable to place in the hands of the people of the effect in the Philippines. Philippine such an increasing control of their domestic affairs as SEC. 8. That general legislative power. excE.'pt as otherwi e herein can be given them without in the meantime impairing the sover­ provitied, is hereby granted to the Philippine Legislature, authorized by eignty of the United States, in order that, by the use and exercise this act. of popular franchise and governmental powers, they may be the SEc. 9. That all the property and rightR which may have been ac­ better prepared to fully a sume the responsibilities and enjoy all the qaired in the Philippine Islands by the nlted States under the treaty privileges of complete independence, which it is the purpose of the of peace with Spam, signed December 10, 1898, except such land or Gnitecl States to grant when, in the judgment of the United State , other property as has been or shall be designated by the Pre ident of the people of the Philippine Islands shall have shown themselves to the United States for military or other re ervations of the Govern­ be fitted therefor : Therefore ment of the nited States, and all lands which m11y have been subse­ Be it c1wctea, etc., That the provisions of this act and the name quently acquired by the government of the Phllippine Islands by pur­ " The Philippines " as useti in this act shall . apply to and include the chase under the provisions of sections G3 and 64 of the act of Congress l'hilippine Islands ceded to the United States Government by the treaty approved July 1 1902, except such as may have heretofore been sohl of peace concluded between the United States and Spain on the 11th and disposed of in accorllance with the provisions of saiu act of Con­ (lay of .April, 1899, the botmdaries of which are set forth in article 3 gress, are h.ereby placell under the control of the government of said of said treaty, togetbe1· with those islands embraced in the treaty islands to be administered or disposed of for the b npfit of the inhnbi­ ~etwPen Spalu and the United States concluded at Washington on tile tants thereof, and the Philippine Legislature shaH have power to legis­ • th U.ay of ~ovember, 1900. late with respect to all such matters as it may deem advisable : but 1916. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 503

aets of the Philippine Legisla~ providing for the disposition Ol' eon­ l'esident of the Philippines for one .Year .and o.f the municipality in cessions in respect of land, timber, ani! mining rights, being part of which be shall o1Ter to vote for six monJ:h-s .next preceding the day of the publlc domain, hereafter enacted, shall not have the force of law voting, s:nd who is comprised within one of the following elasse : until appl'oved by the President of the United States : Provid.ed., Tha't {a) Those -whu prior to the 13th day of August, 18:98, held the office upon the approval of such an net by the Governor General, it shall be of captain municipal. goberuadorcillo, :alcalde, tenien'tes, cabe.za. de by him 1orthwith transmitted to the President of the United States, baran~y, or member of any .ayuntamiento. . and he shall approve or disa;pprove the same within six months from (b) Those who own real property to the value ot P-500~ or who .annu­ and after its enactment and submission for his approval, and ii not ally pay P30 or more ,of the estabnshed ta::x:ru;. disapproved within sueh time it shall become a law the same as tl it (e) Those who are able to read and writ-e either Epa.nish, English, or had been specifically approved : Provided further_, That where lands a native language. in the Phllippine Islands have 'been or may be reserved for any public SEc. 17. That for the purpases of the first election hereafter to the purpose of the United States, and, being no longer required for the pur­ Philippine Legislature, the Philippine Islands shall be divided into 12 p()se f()r which reserved, have been or may be, by order of the Presi­ senate district , a.s follows : dent, placed under the· control of the government of said islands to First district: Batanes, Cagayan, Isal>ela, nocos Norte, and !locos be administered for the benefit of the inhabitants thereof, the order of Sur. the President shall be regarded as effectual to give the government of Second diBtrict; La Uni-on, Pangasinan, and Zam.bales. said islands full control and power to administer and dispose oi such Third district; Tarlac, Nu"Cva Ecija, Pampanga., and Bataan. lands for the benefit of the inhabitants of said islands. Fourth district : Bulacan., Rizal, Manila, and Cavite.. SEc. 10. That, while this act provides that the Philippine government Fifth district; Bata.n:gas, Mindoro, Tayabas, and Laguna. shall have the authority to enact a taritf law, the trade relations be­ Sixth district: Sol' ogon, .Albay, _and .Ambos Camarines. tween the islands and the United States shall continue to be governed Seventh district; lloilo and Capitz. · exclusively by laws of the Congress of the United States : Providea, Eighth d.llltrict: Negros Occidenta:l, Ne_gros .Oriental, Anti-que, and That tariff acts or acts amendatory to the tarllr of the Philippine Islands Palawan. shall not become law until they shall receive the approval of the Presi­ Ninth district : Leyte and Samar. dent of the United States, nor shall any act of the Philippine J1egis­ Tenth district : ~l.m_ lature affecting im:m.igration into the islands, or the currency or cornag2 Eleventh district; Suri.:,-oa-o, Misamis, and Bohol. laws of the Philippines become :a law until it has been appro>ed by Twelfth district : 'l'he Mountain Province, Baguio, Nuev.a Vizeaya.., a:nd the President of the United Stat-es : Provided further, That the Presi­ the Department of Mindana-o .and Su.J:u. dent shall appro-ve or disapprnve any act mentioned in the foregoin~ pro­ The representative districts shall be the 81 now provided by law, and viso within six months from and after its enactment and subnnssicrn 3 in· the Mountain Province, ~ in Nueva Vlzcaya, .a:nd 5 in the Depart­ for his approval, and if not disapproved within such time it shall become ment of Mindanao and Sulu. a • law the same· as if it had been specifically approved. The first election under the provisions -of this act shall b.e held on 'SEC. 11. That taxes and assessmeats on property and license fees for the first Tuesday M June, 1915, and there shall be chosen at such elec­ franchises, and privileges, and internal taxe , direct or indirect, may tion o.ne senator from each enate 'distriet for a term of two years be impo~d for the purpose of the Philippine government and the provin­ and one for four .years. 0 -f the two senators elect, the one r€ceiving cial and municipal governments thereof, re pectivcly, a.s may be pro­ the larger number of votes hall have the .four year ' term, and in all vided and defined by acts of the Philippine Legislature, and1 w~ere cases where the vote is a tie tlle .r.esult sb,all be determined l:>y Jot. necessary to anticipate taxes and revenues, bonds and of?er obligatiOJl;B Tha-eafter one senalt.or .from -ea:ch district shall pe elected from each may be issued by the Philippine government or any provrncial or mum­ senate district for a term , expel an elective member. l:loth retire them and pay the interest thereon in accordance with the terms houses shall convene at the capital on the 16th day of October next of issue. _ following the .election antl organize by the election of a spMker or a SEc. 13. That general legislative powers in the Philippines, except presiding officer, a clerk, and a sergeant .at arms for each h011 St'. and as herein otherwise provided, shall be vested in a legislature which such other officers and assistants as may be required. The legis1:lture shall consist of two houses, one the senate and the other the house of shall hold annual sessions, commencing on the 16th day of October representatives, and the two houses shall be designated "The Philip­ or, if the 16th day of October be a legal holiday, then on the first pine Legislature": Provided, That, until the Philipp~e Legis~aturc day following which is not :a legal hilliday, in each. year. The legisla­ as herein provided shall have been organized, 'the existing Phl11ppine ture ma-y be called in special session a.t any time by the -Govcr.nur Legislature shall have all legislative authority herein granted to the General for general legislatian, or for action o.n such specific subjects aovernment of the Philippine Islands., except such as may now be as he may designate. No special session shall continue longer than 30 ~ithin the €:Xclu ive jurisdiction of the Philippine Commission, which days. exclusive of Sundays. The legislature is hereby given the power is so continued until the organization of the legislature herein provided .and authority to change the date of the commencement of its annual for the Philippines. When the Phllippine Legislature shall have been sessions. · organized, the exclusive legislative jurisdiction and authority exercised The senators and representatives shall receive an annual .compensa­ by the Philippine Commission shall thereafter be exercised by the tion for their services, to 'be .ascertained by law~ and paid out of the Philippine LegiSlature. treasury of the Philippine Islands. The .senators and representatives SEc. 14. That the members of the senate of the Philippines, except shall, in all eases except treason, felon-y, and breac-h of the pe:LCe, as herein provided, shall be elected for terms of four years, as herein­ ·be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the ses ions of after provided, by the qualified electors of the Philippines. Each of their respective houses and in going to and returning from the sa.me ; the senatorial districts except as hereinafter provided "Shall have the .and for any speech or debate in either house they shall not be right to elect two senators. No person shall be an elective member questioned. in any other place. of the senate o( the Philippines who is not a qualified eleet()r and over SEc. 20. That every bill :md joint resolution which shall have na~ sed 25 years of age, and who is .not able to ~ead and write either the Span­ both houses of the legislature shall, be:fore it becomes a law. l;e pre­ ish or English language, and who has not been a resident of the sented to the Governor General. If he approve the same, he shall sign Philippines for at least two consecutive years and of the senatorial it; but if not be shall return it -with hls objections to that houl'ie in district from which chosen for a _period of at least one year imme­ which it shall have originated., which shall enter the objections at large diately prior to his election. on its journa..l and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such rec()ns ie as follows : the legislature by adjour-nment prevent its Teturn, in which case it shall Every male person who is not a citizen or subject of a foreign -power become a law unless vetood by the Governor General wJ.thin 30 days after 21 years of age. or over (except insane and feeble-minded persons an.d the adjournment of the legi:slature : Provided turtlter, That the Presi­ those convicted in a court of competent jurisdiction of an infamous dent of the United States 'Shall approve or disapprove an act submitted offense since the 13th day of August, 1898), who shan have been .a to him under the provisions ot this "Section within 'Six months irom and 504 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 5;

afte1,· its enactment and submission for his approval; and i! not ap­ SEc. 25. That, except ns . provided otherwise in this act, the execu­ provt'd within such time it shall become a law the same as if it had been tive departments of the Philippine government shall continue as now specifically approved. · The Governor General shall have the power to authorized by law until othenvise provided bv the Philippine Legis­ veto any 11articular item or items of an appropriation blll, but the veto lature. When the Phillppine Legislature herein provided shall con­ shall not :Ul'ect the item or items to which he does not object. The item vene and organize, the Philippine Commission, as such, shall cease and or items o!ljected to shall not take effect except in the manner hereto­ determine and the members thereof, except the Governor General and fore proYided in this section as to bills and joint resolutions returned heads .of executive departments, shall vacate their offices as member· to the ll'gislature without his approval. of . said commission. . The Philippine Legislature, except ns to the All laws enacted by the Philippine Legislature shall be reported to the department of public instruction, may thereafter by appropriate Congrt'ss of the United States, which hereby reserves the powt'r and legislation increase the number or abolish any of the executive depart­ authority to annul the same. If at the termination of any fiscal year ments, or make such changes in the name and duties thereof as it the appropriations necessary for the support of government for the may see fit, and shall provide for the appointment and removal of the en. uing fi ·cal year shall not have been made, the several sums appro­ heads of the execujive department by the Governor General, and may priated in the last appropriation bills for the objects and purposes provide that heads of executive departmE'nts, including the department therein specified, so far as the same may be done, shall be deemed to be of public instruction, shall have seats in either or both houses of the reappropriated for the several objects and purposes specified in said last legislature, with the right of debating or voting or both: Provided, appropriation bill; and until the legislature shall act in such behalf the That all executive functions of the government must be directly under treasurN' shall, when so directed by the Governor General, make the the Governor General or within one of the executive departments under payments neces ary for the purposes aforesaid. the supervision and control of the Governor General. There is hereby SEc. 21. That the qualified electors of the Philippine Islands shall, established a bureau, to be known as the bureau of non-Christian tribes, on -the first Tuesday in June, 1915, and at the general elections there­ which said bureau shall have general supervision over the public affairs aft~~ P!'Ovifled. for the election of senators and. representatives to the of the inhabitant of the territory represented in the legi ·lature by Phil!pprne Legislature, ell'ct two Resident Commissioners to the united appointive senators and repre. entitives. States, who shall hold ' their office for a term of four years bt>ginning SEc. 26. That there shall be appointed by the President an auditor, with the first Monday in the month of December following their elec­ who shall examine, audit, and settle all accounts pertaining to th(' tion, and who shall be entitled to an official recognition as such by all revenues and receipts from whatever source of the Philippine gove1·n­ departments upon presentation to the President of a certificate of elec­ ment and of the provincial and municipal governments of the Philip­ tion by the Governor General of said islands. Each of said Resident pines, including trust funds and funds derived ft·om bond issues; anti Commi ·sioners shall, in addition to the salary and the sum in lieu of .audit, in accordance with law and administrative regulations, all ex- mileagt' now allowed by law, be allowed the same sum for stationerv and penditures of funds or property pertaining to or held in trust by the fot· the pay of necessary clerk hire as is now allowed to the Meinners government or the Provinces or municipalities thereof. He shall of th(' Bouse of Representatives of the United States, to be paid ont of perform a like duty with respect. to all government branches. · the Treasury of the United States, and the franking privilege allowed lie shall keep the general accounts of the government and preserve by law to Members of Congress. No person shall be eligible to election the vouchers pertaining thereto. a· Resi(fent Commissioner who is not a qualified elector of said islands _ .It shall be the duty of the auditor to bring to the attention of the and who does not owe allegiance to the United States 'and who is not proper administrative officer expenditures of fund or property which, more than 30 years of age anu who does not read and write the English in ·his opinion, are irregular, unnecessary, excessive. or extravagant. language. The present two Resident Commissioners shall hold office Th.ere shall be a deputy auditor appointed in the same manner as until the first. Monday in December, 1915. The Governor General may the auditor. The dPputy auditor shall sign such official papers as remove a Resident Commissioner whenever the PhiUppine Legislature the auditor may designate and perform such other duties as the aurlito1· shall rt'quest such removal by a resolution adopted by two-thirds of the may prescribe, and in case of the death, resignation, sickne . , or othe1· members of each house, and the legislature may fill any vacancy caused absence of the auditor from his office, from any cause. the deputy auditor by such rt'moval for the unexpired portion of the term wherein the shall have charge of such office. In case of the ab ence from duty, vaca~cy oC"cu~-red. In case of vacancy in the position of Resident Com­ from any cause, of both the auditor and the deputy auditor, the Gov­ missiOner. l\l'l ing from any other cau~;:e than removal by th'e !egisla­ ernor General may designate an assistant, who shall have charg of ture, the Gonrnor General may make temporary appointment until the the office. next meeting of· the Philippine Legislature, which shall then fill such The administrative jurisdiction of the auditor over accounts. wlwth l' v:tcan<'y; but the Resident Commissiont'r thus electt'u shall hold office of funds or property, and all ''Ouchers and records pertaining thereto, only for the unexpired portion of the term wherein the vacancy occurreu. shall be exclusive. With the · approval of the Governor General, be ' SEc. 22. That the supreme executive power shall be vested in an ex­ shall from time to tin1e make and promulgate general or special .rules ecutive officer, whose official title shall be "The Governor General of and regulations not inconsistent with law covering the method of the P~ippine Islands." He shall be appointed by the President, by accounting for publlc funds and property,' and fund arid property beJel and with the advice and con ent of the .'enate of the "Cnited States, in trust by the government or any of its branches: Prot•ided, That any and hold his office at the pleasure of the President and until his suc­ officer accountable for public funds - or property may require such cessor is chosen and qualified. The Governor General shall reside in the additional reports or returns from his subordinates or others . as h • Philippine Islands during his official incumbency and maintain his may deem necessary for his own information and protection. , · office at the seat of government. He shall, unless otherwise herein 'l'he decisions of the auditor shall be final and conclu ive upon the provided, appoint, by and with the consent of the Phillppine Senate, executive hranches of the government, except that appeal therefrom such officers as may now be appointed by the Governor General, or . uch ma:v be taken by the party aggrieved or the head of the department as he is authorized by this act to appoint, or whom he may hereafter concerned within one year, in th<' manner hereinafter pre cribed. Th be authorized by law to appoint; but appointments made while the audito1· shall, except as hereinafter provided, have like authority :u; senate is not in session shall be effective either until disapproval or that conf~rred by law upon the several auditors of the United Statf·s until the next adjournment of the senate. He shall have gl'neral super­ and the Comptroller of the United States Treasury and is authorize!l vision ancl control of all of the departments and bureaus of the govern­ to communicate directly with any person havh1g _claims before him ment In the Phillppine Islands as far as is not inconsistent with the for settlt'ment, or with any department, officer, or person having provision · of this act, and shall be commander in chief of ali locally official relations with hls office. created armed forces and militia. He may grant pardons and re­ As soon after the close of t'ach fiscal year as the account. .of· sahl prieves and remit fines and forfeitures, and may veto any legislation year may be examined and adjusted, the auditor . hall submit to the enal'ted a. herein provided. He shall submit within 10 days of the Governor General and the Secretary of Vi'ar an annual report of the opening of each regular session of the Phllippine Legislature a budget of fiscal concerns of the governmt'nt, showing the receipt antl disbur!w­ receipts and expenditures, which shall be the basis of 1:he annual ap­ ments of the various departments and bureaus of the government and propriation bill. He shall commission all officers that he may be au­ of the various Provinces and niunicipallties, and make such othPr thorized to appoint. reports as may be required of him by the Governor General o1· the SEc. 2~. That the GoYernor General shall be responsible for the faithful Secretary of War. · execution of the laws of the Philippine Islands and of the United States In the execution of their duties the auditor and the deputy auditor are authorized to summon witne ses, administer oaths, and to taLH~ operative within the Philippine Islands, and whenever it becomes neces­ evidence, and, in the pursuance of these provision , may issu nb­ sary he may call upon the commanders of the military and naval forces p<:enas and enforce the. attendance of witnesses, as now provided by o'f the l:nited States in the islands, or summon the posse comitatus, or law. call out the militia or other locally created armed forces, to prevent The office of the auditor shall be under the general supervi.ion of or uppress lawless violence, invasion, insurrection, 01· rebellion; and the Go,rernor General and shall consist of the auditor and deputy he may, in case of rebellion or invasion, or_ imminent danger thereof, auditor and such necessary assistants as may be pre crlbed by law. ·when the public safety requires it, suspend the priYileges of the 'uit of 'Ec. 2T. That any person aggrieved by the action or declslon of the Jmheas corpus, or place the islands, or any part thereof, under martial auditor in the settlement of his account or claim may, within one year, law: ProL'idetJ, That whenever the Governor General shall exercise the take an appeal in writing to the Governor General, which appeal shall authority granted in this section he shall at once notify the President specifically set forth the particular action of the auditor to which of the l:nited States thereof, together with the attenuing facts and cir­ exception is taken, with the reason and authorities relied on fot· cumstances, and the Presl1lent shall have power to modify or vacate reversing such decision. the action of the Governor General. He shall annually and at such other If the Governor General shall confirm the action of t}le auditor, he times as he may be required make such official rt'port of the tran actions shall so indorse the appeal and transmit it to the auclitor, and thP of. the government of the Philippine Islands to the War Department, action shall thereupon be final and conclusive. Should the Govet·uot· undet· the jurisdiction of which the islands continue, and his said annual General fail to sustain the action of the auditor, he shall forthwith report shall be transmitted to the Congress of the United States; and transmit his grounds of di'>approval to the Secretary of War, togethN· he shall perform such additional duties and functions as may in pur­ with the appeal an1l the paper necessary to a proper understanding of suance of law be delegated or assigned to him by the Pt·esldent. the matter. The uecision of the Secretary of War in such case shaH SEc. 24. That there shall be appointed by the President, by and with be final and conclu ive. · the advice and consent of the Senate of the United States, a vice SEc. 28. That there shall be appointed by the President a director of governor of the Philippine Islands, who shan have all of the powers civil service. Such director shall perform the duties now pre cribed by of the C3overnor General in the case of a vacancy or temporary re­ law for the director of civil service of the Philippine government, anrl moval, resignation, or disabiUty of the. G?v.ernor General, or in case no act amt'nding the Civil-service laws for the Philippine lslanlls hall of his temporary absence ; and the said vtce governor shall be the be effective without the approval of the President of the United State . hcatl of the executive department, known as the department of public SEC. 29. That the supreme court and the courts of fir t in tance of instruction, 'vhicl1 shall include the bureau of education, the bureau the Philippine Islands shall pos ·ess and exerd e juri diction as hereto­ of h<'alth, the bureau of science, and the bureau of non-Ciiristian tribes. fore provided and !'Inch additlomtl juriEdlctton as shall hereafter be Other bureaus now included in the department of public instruction prescribed by law. The municipal courts of aid island ·ball posses shall, until otherwise provided by the Phllipplne Legislature, be in­ and exercise jurisdiction a now provided by law, subject in all matter dueled in the department of the interior. to such alteration and amendment as may be hereaftf'r enacted by - The Pt·e.·ident may tle.ignate the head of an executive department law; and the chief justice and associate justices of the supren1e <'OUrt of the Philippine government to act as Governor General in the case shall hereafter be appointed by the President, by anuw court H ntl conrts or during uch vacancy, tlisability, or ab ence. first instance shall not be cbangNJ. except by act of Cou~r<>SS. 'l'llat 1916. .CONGRESSIONAL RECOR-D-SENATE. 505

in all cases pending under the operation of existing laws, both criminal refer to some matters that may be pe1~tinent at tlie present time. antl civil, the jurisdiction shall continue until final judgment and determination. When so many of our papers are demanding hasty and drastic . SEc. 30. That the Supreme Court of the United States shall have action by our Goyernment because of happenings to allegeLI juri·diction to review, revise,- reverse, modify, or affirm the final ·judg­ Americans who insist upon traveling on belligerent ships and in ments and decrees of the Supreme Court of the Philippine Islands in all actions, cases, causes, and ·proceedings now pendmg therein or dangerous territory regardless of the peace of their country and hereafter determined thereby in which the Constitution or any statute, the welfare of the citizens at home, it is refreshing and en­ treaty, title, right, or privilege of the United States is involved; and com·aging to read such an editorial as that in the Wasl).ington such final judgments or decrees may and can be reviewed, revised, re­ vet·setl, modified, or affirmed..by said Supreme Court of the United States Post of this morning. If all our papers would take this atti­ on appeal or writ of error by the party aggrieved within the same time, tude and if the administration would al~ o advise such a course jn the same manner, under the same regulatlons, and by the same pro­ the danger of foreign complications would soon disappear. The cedure, as far as applicable, as the final judgments and decrees of the dL<;trict courts of the United States. editorial is as follows: SEc 31. That the Government of the Philippine Islands may grant HO AM franchises and rights, including the authority to exercise the right of w EiliCAXS CAN HELP THEm COUXTRY. eminent domain, for the construction and operation of works of public Americans traveling in European waters should keep off ve~sels be· utility and· service, a.nd may authorize said works to be constructed longing to belligerents. They take deadly risks ·when they travel and maintained over and across the public property except such as is under fighting fiags, and they unnecessarily involve their country in reser>ed for the purposes of the United States, including streets, high- disputes which may lead to war. , · ways, squares, and reservations, and over similar property of the gov- 'l'he United States Government will not give away the right of its ernment of said islands, and may adopt rules and regulations under citizens to travel on merchant vessels of any nationality in any water . which the provincial and municipal governments of the islands may That right, however, should be exercised with discretion by citizens. grant the right to use and occupy such public property belonging to Pending a time when submarine warfare will be conducted under estab­ said Provinces or municipalities: Provided, That no private property lished and accepted rules, American citizens should waive their right shall be damaged or taken for any purpose under this section without to travel under belligerent flag . . . just compensation, and tliat such authority to take and occupy land I tak •t l\I p 'd t th t th •t tl t th shall not authorize the taking, use, or occupation of any land except ·e 1 ' r. resi en • a e Wl'l er means la ey such a. is required for the actual necessary purposes for which the should waive these rights not because of fea1~ not because_ of franchise is granted, and that no franchise or right shall be granted the weakness of our country; but in the interest of our country to any individual, firm, or corporation except under the conditions that Uself and the welfare of its citizens for our own protection. ·it shall be subject to amendment, alteration, or repeal by the Congress of tte United States, and that lands or rights of use and occupation of The American who, in spite of warning, deliberately and defiantly lands thus granted shall revert to the governments by which they were asserts his right to travel in a vessel belonging to ·a nation at war respectively granted upon the termination of the franchises and rights when he can avoitl doing so may be dragging bls own country into war. under . which they were granted or upon their revocation or repeal. 'l'his is not common sense or patriotism; it is ·mere braggadocio and That all franchises or rights granted under this act shall forbid the egotism. The man who cares so little for his country has little reason issu of stock or bonds except in exchange for actual cash or for to demand his country's' protection. . property at a fair valuation equal to the par value of the stock or 'l'here are so many obscure and undetermined questions surrounding bond. £0 issued; shall forbid the declaring of stock or bond dividends submarine warfare that the United States Government is seriously and, in the case of public-service corporations, shall rrovide for the handicapped in its efforts to extend protection to its- citizens in the effecti,·e regulation of the charges thereof, for the officla inspection and European war zone. Unquestionably a merchant vessel forfeits its non­ regulation of-the books and accounts of such corporations, and for the combatant character when it arms itself and resists capture. Under payment of a. reasonable percentage of gross earnings into the treasury the laws of war it has no right to attempt to escape. Yet merchant of the Philippine Islands or of the Province or municipality within vessels go armed, and in many cases they have attempted to escape wbich such franchises are granted and exercised: Pro1-·ided furthet·, or ram the attacking submarine. The facts are usually hard to ascer­ That it shall be unlawful for any corporation organized under this act, tain; the testimony is conflicting. If American lives are lost, there is o:r for any person, company, or corPoration receiving any grant, fran- a demand on the part of l).ot-headed individuals for drastic action chise, or right from the government of said islands, to use, employ, or whatever the st;ate of facts may be. There is always the danger that contract for the labor of persons held in involuntary servitude: and any the United ~tates may be drawn into war without sufficient justification. per ·on, company, or corporation so violating the provisions of this act · If this great Nation must draw the sword, it should be for reasons shall forfeit all charters, grants, or franchlses for doing business in that conclusively demand such action. Only upon an assured state of said islands, in an action or proceeding brought for that purpose in any facts overwhelmingly justifying and requiring war should the Unitro court of competent jurisdiction by any officer of the Philippine Govern- l:itates plunge into the vortex that engulfs Europe. :Steadiness is ment, or on the complaint of any citizen of the Philippines, under such needed; . calmness in studying the truth, caution in verifying the regulations and rules as the Philippine Legislature shall prescribe, and facts. War is the last remedy of desperate evils, and this Nation is in a:d(lition shall be deemed guilty of an offense, and shall be punished not in such extremities that it must shed the blood Of its citizens in n l..ly a fine of not more than $10,000. · dopbt_ful cause. It bas a right to expect its citizens to exercise great SEC. 32. That, except as·in this act otherwise provided. the salaries caution, to do their share in avoiding any cause of war. of all the officials of the Philippines not appointed by the President, in- The Nation's right to keep out of unnecessary war is surely para- eluding deputies, assistants, and other employees, shall be such as shall mount to the citizen's right to trayel on belligerent vessels. ·, from time to time be determined by the Philippine Legislature and A A · ·t· h approved by the Governor General ; and if the legislature shall fail to · n mencan Cl 1zen W o, in the face of the terrible cata- make an appropriation for such salaries, the salaries so fixed shall be clysm now engulfing half the c_ivilized world, persists in paid without the necessity of further appropriations therefor. The trav:eling for pleasure or profit in the danget~ zone and in a salaries of all officers and ~11 expenses of the offices of the various offi- belligerent ship shows _that he is utterly lackin!! in patriotism cials of the Philippines appointed as herein provided by the President ~ shall also be paid out of the revenues of the Philippines. The annual and ·wholly regardless ·of the rights of humanity. He is entitle

Mr. O'GORMAN. Mr. President, I desire to say one word, the Government ·of the United States wlll notify them of that with the permission of the Senator from Washington. fact. The rights of these people upon one of these boat , if it Mr. JONES. 1 am through. was unarmed, is as fully recognized in international law as Mr. O'GORMAN. It is suggested by the inquiry of the Sen­ their rights would be upon a neutral vessel, and the laws of ator from Minnesota [1\fr. NELSON]. No one can lament more nations protect them just as etrectively and efficiently a8 if they than I the misfortune that came to Consul McNeeley if it should had been upon a neutral vessel. The thought I wished to convey, unfortunately prove true that he was one of those who lost that in discussing the personal volition of the traveler ·we. their lives in the sinKing of the Persia,, but we are not driven to ought not to throw doubt upon his right under the law of nations the necessity suggested by the Senator from Oklahoma of send­ to be there. ing our consular repl'esentatives on American ships. There was Mr. OWEN. I will agree with the .Senator that all nations· a neutral ship that would have safely carried Consul McNeeley ought to protect their citizens under the international law, but to his post at Aden, and Consul McNeeley was advised by one unfortunately the ascertainment of the facts in individual of our consular representatives long in the service, Cpnsul Skin­ cases and the determination of what is the international law ner, who accompanied him from New York to England, that it · under disputed facts is very difficult. In the case of the Persia. would be better for him to continue his journey to Aden on a it is alleged that she had a gun ·whose range was many miles, Dutch vessel that was about to sail. But for reasons, I suppose, which could easily have sunk a submarine, and therefore she satisfacto·ry to himself, he disregarded that advice and sailed was in the attitude, if that statement be true, of being an on a ship of a belligerent, taking those chances and hazards armed vessel and is not within the safeguard of the inter­ that will come to any neutral who finds himself on the soil of a national law as it is generally accepted. In the case of the belligerent nation, because the ves el of a belligerent is as much Lusitania it was charged, and falsely charged, that she had the property of a belligerent as is the country itself. cannon aboard which would endanger the life of a submarine, Mr. HITCHCOCK. Mr. President, in view of the suggestion and in that case it appeared that the German Government bad of the Senator from Mfssouri [Mr. SToNE] that the legislative been mi led by a false affidavit to the effect that she was armed session would be followed by an executive session, I ask unani­ with cannon. We can not tell to what jeopardy our citizen.c; may mous consent that the Philippine bill be tempora·rny laid aside; be subjected, and therefore a.s a matter of common prudence, and therefore it will not lose its place as the unfinished busi­ a a father would try to protect his own chijd, caution ought ness. to l>e given to our citizens by our Government. The PRESIDING. OFFICER. Is there objection to the re­ More than that, it has now become doubtful as to what il.t~r­ quest of the Senator from Nebraska? The· Chair hears none, national law is. Both the Governments of Great Britain a o.d and it is so ordered. Germany have taken steps which would seem to a1·gue a chnnge Mr. NELSON. Mr. President, I desire to call the attention of law because of modern exigency. That is the reason why J ven­ of the Senator from New York [Mr. O'GoRMAN], and also the tured to propo e this morning a joint resolution of the Con!---ress Senator ;from Washington [Mr. JoNES], to the fact that, outside of the United States inviting the representatives of the nations of the British vessels that have been sunk by under ea boats, of the world to an international conference in Washington City the neutral Scandinavian countries-Norway, Sweden, and Den­ on the 1st of May next to ascertain what tho e laws ar and mark, together with Holland-have altogether lost as many ought to be and to take the necessary steps to bring nbout ships by that method as have the English Government through an international agreement by which we might safeguard the their ships. Now, what protection has a man traveling on the peace and the happiness of the world. ships of those neutral countries, and what could you resort to I respectfully call the attention of Senator to this re olution except sending our consular representatives and telling our in the RECORD and request speedy action on it. American people to travel in men of war? Mr. JONES. Mr. President, referring to the suggestion of The ship that carried the so-called peace party a short time the Senator from 1\.finne ota [Mr. NELSON']-the destruction of ago to Christiania and the ship that carried it from there to neutral ships-I did not direct my remark toward the loss Copenhagen were as liable to be torpedoed as any other ships. of life on or the destruction ·or inking of neutral ship I In fact, ships have been torpedoed within the 3-mile limit in think there would be a very great difference my elf in the lo s Swedish waters by German submarines. The commerce of those of life in the d h·uction of neutral . hips and the los of life neutral Scandinavian countries has been more injured and in the destruction of belligerent ship . more damaged by the submarines that have destroyed their So far as I am concerned, I do not agree with the Senator ships than from any other source. from Idaho [1\Ir. BoRAH] that American citizens, in the absence Mr. OWEN. lli. President, I think there i great force in of notice from their Government, have a right to as ume that what the Senator from Minnesota [Mr. NELsoN] says with re­ they will be perfectly safe on these belligerent ships. They gard· to stigmatizing our citizens who may have happened to be know they are not safe. They are fully advised by what has on boats which were torpedoed, becau e when a man goes upon been happening from day to day. They need no notice. While one of those boats he does so probably because of some exi­ they have a right to do it under international law, I think our gency, without braggadocio or intended risk. but because of Government ought long ago to have advised Amer·ican citizens need and with some conscious risk to himself. He does not do to keep off. these belligerent ship ; but I think there i not so for an unpatriotic purpose. He does o, perhaps, because of an American citizen in this country who is not familiar with some fancied necessity. The Government of Great Britain dur­ the dangers in which he is going and who does not know the ing the Russo-Japanese War warned its citizens to avoid going dangers that he is subjecting this country to when he go on upon belligerent ships in order to protect the BTitish Empire these belligerent ships and into that territory. He does not from the embarrassment which might ensue from the torpedo­ need any notice, so far as that is concerned, from hi Govern­ ing of those boats, and I think the Gover·Dll?ent of the United ment to be acquainted with what be is likely to. run into; and States should take some steps to advise its citizens in a formal the citizen who, knowing these things, still goes on traveling way to keep them from endangering themselves and from en­ on belligerent ships is not very considerate, to say the least, dangering the peace of the United States. of the people at home or of his country. The spirit and purpose of the editorial, I think, is absolutely Mr. BORAH. Mr. President} the only suggestion which I right, and I agree to it ; but I think as to the expression that they made was that if this ship was unarmed, a citizen had a right were unpatriotic it is a little improvident to attribute to them a to assume that he was. just as. safe as if he were upon a neub·al bad motive, which is not necessary to the argument and prob­ vessel. If he was to rely upon inteTnationallaw, he is pt·otected ably unjust. in the one instance just as much as· in the other. Whether the Mr. BORAH. Mr. President, I desire to ask the Senator a vessel is armed or unarmed is always a controverted question. question, in view of the suggestion which he has just made. The If it were not armed, he would have the same protection that he Government of the United States not having advised its citizens would have upon a neutral vessel. My opinion that the Gov< rn· to stay off these ships, and the rights of these people being well ment is re ponsible for this disaster would not chnllenge that recognized, if a boat is unarmed or not seeking t.o escape is it proposition. to be considered as unpatriotic or in a sense reckless for them 1\Ir. JONES. Mr. President, I simply contend that, under to assume to go upon it? the present condition of things, under the state of affail in 1\Ir. OWEN. I think not. these foreign counb·ies and ea. , a citizen doe n-ot have a Mr. BORAH. It .seems to me not. A citizen of the United right to expect that when he goes on a bel1igerent hip he is States has the right to assume that the international law which perfectly safe. Everythinessel? goods to Germany, we will furnish you no more munitions of Mr. REED. Unquestionably. war," we might have brought England to terms; but, aside from that, l\fr. President, we have practically made ourselves parties l\lr. ROBINSON. For the Uniteti States to issue a warning to the war by supplying munitions of war and money to one side prote ting against its citizens taking passage upon an unarmed of the controversy, while neither is being furnished to the other belligerent vessel might constitute an assertion of the doctrine side. ·we are not neutral; we are hypocritical in claiming that that the right to so travel did not exist. we are neutral. In this connection I merely want to suggest that we ought to l\Ir. REED. l\Ir. President-- consider the thought whether the United States wants now to The VICE PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from California commit itself to the doctrine that by warning its citizens not yield to the Senator f_rom Missouri? to travel upon unarmed belligerent vessels that right is of · Mr. WORKS. I yield to the Senator. doubt. l\fr. REED. The Senator from California states that we have Mr. WORKS. l\Ir. President-- made ourselves parties to the war by furnishing money and 1\Ir. ROBINSON. I agree with the proposition that a citizen munitions to one side. I want to ask the Senator if he does not ought to be very cautious how and when and where he travels know that one of tl1e first loans floated in this country was a abroad, but I do not want at this time to commit this Govern­ loan of $25,000,000 to Germany, and if he does not know that it ment to the proposition that under international law we have was floated without a protest either by himself or by those who not the right so to travel if we choose to do so. think and talk as he does? 1\Ir. O'GORl\fAN. Mr. President, if the Senator from Cali­ Mr. WORKS. Whether that be so or not, l\Ir. President, it fornia will yield a moment, I should like to address a question does not alter the situation in the least. to the Senator from Arkansas [Mr. ROBINSON]. Mr. REED. But the Senator charges that we are not neutral. No one will dispute that under treaty regulations American Now, I want to ask him anoth~r question: I ask if he does not citizens have an absolute right to reside in and to journey know that Germany procured arms in this country as long as through Mexico, and yet during the past year the attitude of she could possibly get them from our shores to her own? our Government has been one of caution to American citizens l\Ir. WORKS. That may be, l\fr. President, but still it does to minimize the hazards and perils of residence in that country not alter the situation. and to quit it. Does the Senator from Arkansas thinlr that our l\Ir. REED. Now, if it is true that this country has been as Government has exposed itself to any imputation of the want free and open to Germany as it has been to all other countries~ of power or willingness to sustain the rights of our citizens in and that om· Government has in no way distinguished between gh-ing that caution? · them, that the market is here free for them to enter if they can 1\Ir. ROBINSON. I do not; but I do think that others have enter it, so that the treatment has been exactly the same for all criticized the Government for the very action to which the peoples, how can the Senator say that this Government has taken Senator from New York refers. an unneutral position? Mr. O'GORl\IAN. It is no unusual thing for a great and Mr. 'VORKS. The Senator says so simply because it has powerful Government to caution its citizens in time of great been impossible to furnisl1 munitions of war to the German war and uanger tQ avoid the zone of hazard and peril, and, as nation, whether our markets were open to them or not. It is was stated a little while since by the Senator from Oklahoma, impossible that they could have been supplied to that nation, 508 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. J ANU.ARY 5,_ and therefore we have been supplying munitions of war to one Mr. WORKS. Mr. President, the difference between the nation when we could not furnish them to the other. Senator from Missouri and myself is that I value human life Mr. REED. But that impossibility, the Senator will agree, above property while apparently he does not. for be is a fair man, is not because of anything our Government Mr. REED. But, Mr. President, the Senator is' wrong. This has done; it is not because of anything our people have done; war, as any sensible man knows, is going on until one of two but it is simply because one nation or one side has been able things happen : Etther one side or the other will be conquered to overcome the other side upon the sea; the highway over or they will continue to fight until exhaustion ends the con­ which the goods are to pass bas been taken possession of by filet. It is indisputable that the sooner one of these results is the enemies of the central powers; and it is because the high­ brought about the less there will be of humnn suffering and way is blocked that they are not able to carry to their country the less there will be of death and the- less there will be of de­ the equipment they are perfectly free to acquire· in the United struction. The sale of arms has a tendency to shorten the States. The fact that England has closed the seas to Austria conflict. and Germany is an act of war by England. It is not an un­ Mr. BORAH. Mr. President-- neutral act on the part of the United States. The inability of The VICE P;RESIDENT, Doe the Senator from California the central powers to avail themselves of the benefits of our yield to the Senator from Idaho? free markets is a mere exigency of the conflict between the 1\fr. WORKS. I yield. central powers and the allies. 1\Ir. BORAH. I was impressed with the statement made- by Mr. WORKS. Oh, Mr. President, I have no doubt in the the Senator from 1\fissourt as to the industrial conditions which world but that the citizens of this country who have been sup­ would obtain in this country if it were not for the war. plying arm to England would very gladly have furnished them Mr. REED. No ; the Senator misunderstood me. I sai

Mr. WORKS. That is my position. Mr. LODGE. "'(')bligatioll.! It is not n .question :of obligation 1\lr. SUTHERLAND. If that be true, then I suppose "the nt .all. The law is _p-erfectly well settled ·on that' point, .as the Senator would naturally take the position that it is wrong f.or 1 'Senator knows. 'The citizens or -subjects of a :neutral -country the people of any country to sell munitions of war to :any Gov- are at liberty to ship contraband to belligerents at their own ernment engaged in war with another country~ risk, ·but the Government is not responsible, of course, .for what l\1r. WORKS: Certainly. _ 'b~omes of that contraband. Mr. SUTHERLAND. Now, ·what would the Senator say of Mr. O'GORMAN. The Senator recognizes that it is entirely a condition of this sort? Suppose there should .happen ,to be ; optional ·with us whether Qr not w-e sell munitions? one nation that had devoted itself to building up a great mili- Mr. LODGE. ·Of eotiTse, Mr. President, any Government can tary establishment; it had -an enormous army; it had fac- put an embargo on .anything it ehooses to put an embargo upon. all the tories by ·means ·of which it could ma:nufacture munitions 1 There is no question about the _power. I am discussing the law, of war necessary to keep Us great army ln the field, ana.' not the power. there happened to .be another nation which was devoted to the ]\fr. O'GORMAN. Then, does the Senator think that, in the arts of peace, which had taken the position that it was unwise ·exercise of a sovereign and conceded Tight~ if the Government to .maintain a gr-eat standing army or to accumulate -great placed an embargo that act would constitute .an .act of ll.D­ quantities of arms and .ammunition, and in that situation the neutrality? great warlike nation, with its immense -army and immense Mr. LODGE. I think, Mr. President, if this GoveTnment stores of munitions, should -attack the :Peacenble .nation.. The placed .an embargo now on the export -of munitions of war it result of that would be :that the peaceab1e rnation would ·be wouln be guilty of ·a grossly unneutral act, because lt would l>y utterly crushed -without any opportunity of obtaining from other I so doing change a condition created by the war, and by chang­ countries of the world the .means .to defend -itself against what ing a condition created by the war, :that is created ·by one bellig­ might be a very wicked att.ac"k upon it. ·wonld the Senator : erent, it would make itself to th-at &tent the ally of the other 1 think that that situation would be desirable? 1 belligerent. Mr. WORKS. Mr. President, the case stated -by fhe Senator [l Mr. O'GORM.A.N. .Evidently in time of war such as i~ now from Utah is .a ,purely imaginaJ.•y one and does not exist in fact. dt.stu.rbing "the -peace of the world almost any act of a neutral What he says might be .a very strong reason why this Govern- power would .be regarded by some as an act .of partlah1;y toward ment should take one side or the other ,of the controversy- and one of the belligerents~ but, .in my judgment, this Government if 'become an ally of one o:f .the nations or .the -other under the . it ·saw fit, if it deemed it best for the welfare -of -the American circumstances stated; but we :are not doing that. We are pro- Nation, 'if it regarded it :as file -best ·seeurity of ;peace with aU ~ :fessing to be -neutral, and when we make that profession and, nations, -could :place an em.D:aTgo against the slripment of any even under the circumstances stated by the Senator, supply munitions to any belligerent without exposing "itself to the im­ munitions of war to one of the nations as a-gainst -the other we p-utation of an unneutral :act. are no longer neutral, but we become an ally of that nation. 1 Mr. LODGE. I am not questioning the power; I am making That is precisely what has come about. the point-and .I do not tltink 1t am .be successfu1ly contro- Mr. .SUTHERLAND. \Let me ask ;the ·Senator another -ques- 1 verted-that if· -a neutra1 deliberately takes sucb action as to tion. The Senator .says that .a condition of that kind is unlikely change a condition created by the war, and created by one belllg- to arise. erent against another, to tha:t ~ent it l>ecomes the Jilly of :the 1\fr-. WORKS. 'I said it had not arisen; . belligerent that it benefits. Here it so ·naJ>pens that the con- 1\lr. SUTHERLAND. I understood the Senator to say that ·d.itions uf the war have _given the .control of the sea to what .are it was purely timaginary, which would indicate that .he thought . usually called "the allies.'"' Now, if-we undertake to rmdo that it ;was unlikely to aclse. condition we, of course, at once to that extent make ourselves 1\fr. WORKS. ·Oh. no. the ally of Germany. Mr. SUTHERLAND. Did I misunderstand th-e Senator? . Mr. HITCHCOCK. ~ President-- Mr. WORKS. The .Senator .from Utah misunderstood me. I : The 'VICE PRESIDENT. Does th~ -senator from Massaehu­ am speaking about present conditions; I do not know what may : setts yield to tbe Senator from Nebraska'?

happen in ·the future. ~ 1 'Ml'. LODGE. Certainly. Mr. SUTHERLAND. Take for ·example China. China, as [ Mr. IDTCHCOCK. Mr. President, I should like to ask the the Senator know-s, is !R_pem:teful country, with no large -standing . Senator from whether he thinks that .Norway, army or supply of munitions .on.hand. There are .other countties · Den.ma.:tk, Sweden, ·and Holland were ;gmJ.ty of unneutral aets that have pretty good-sized armies and supplies of munitions of 1 when they placed an embargo on the ·exportation of arms and war, ancl there has been more -or less tn.1k ·about attacks upon 1 ammunition after the war began? China. Suppose ·that they -should materialize .and that China : Mr. LODGE. No; for the simple reason-- should be :attaclred. WoUld the Senator say that it would l>e, Mr. illTCHCOCK. Then, has iit come :to this, that America is as a matter of morals, a desirable situation for those people the only great .nation of the world forbidden, according to the not to be able to secure arms somewhere else to defend them- Senator's theory, from exercising the sovereign right of placing selyes against an aggressive war of that sort? an embargo? 1\lr. WORKS. ·Certainly it would not be desirable, 'but that , Mr. LODGE. Why, .not the least in the world; the countries is not the question. The question is ·wnether we are in fact 'r-eferred to did not cllange t.he conditions by their actions. neutral, as we nre claiming to be; whether -we have -not taken .1\fr. HITCHCOCK. But would the United States change the such sides in this controversy as to make us practically a party conditions? • . , to one side as against the other. Mr. LODGE. It would .change the conditions. 1\Jr. LODGE. Mr. President-- MI:. HITCHCOCK. I think the Senator is wrong. The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator from.M.assachnsetts. Mr. LODGE. "The day it puts an embargo on, all the world 1\Ir. LODGE. Mr. President, on the single point of neutrality, · knows that would be worth more to Germany than a million men. the test of neutrality is whether the action of the neutral changes 1\Ir. HITCHCOCK. And before Sweden placed an embargo the conditions created by the war. Our markets are open to all ~ on the exportation of arms and ammunition those arms -and am­ the world to buy. We have taken no action to prevent any munition, without passing over the sea, could ,get into Germany. belligerent or anyone else from buyin~ in our m.a:rlrets, and we 'rhe sam-e was true of Holland. The same was true of Den­ nre at peace with all the world. A condition has been created " mark, and before Italy entered into the war it was true o:t by this war, and by the war alone, which prevents one or .more . Italy~ The placing of the emb.argo deprived Germany of that of the belligerents from buying in thls market. Now, if we I safe method of _securing arms and ammunition and other con­ undertake to reverse a condition created by the war we a.t once 1 traband of wa:r; and _yet no one was heard to claim that those pro tanto enter into the war and endeavor to restore a condition t countries lm.d been guilty -of ·an act of unnentrality. existing before the war, ·and that is an net of unneutrality. Mr. LODGE. ·why, Mr. Preside:nt the thing is so obvious. l\1r. O'GORMA.N. Mr. President-- Their ·embargo ap_plied equally to all. Ours would apply only to The VICE PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Massachu- · one, in practtce. setts yield to the -Senator from New York? Mr. HITCHCOCK.. 'Theh· embargo .applied to Germany es_pe- 1\lr. LODGE. I do. cially, because lt was with Germany that they con1d. - car1~ on 1\lr. O'GORM.AN. Does the Senator from Massachusetts state their ·tra:de on lana. 'They could not carry on a trade on land thnt in his opinion it is the duty of our Gavernnrent to sell muni- ' with Great Britain. tions to any belligerent nt this time? Mr. LODGE. No; but they could carry on a trade at sea 1\Ir. LODGE. .I think oar markets should be open to any mth -Gr~at Britain. belligerent or to any neutral. Mr. HITCHCOCK. Germany w.as 'the great .and only bene- l\fr. O'GORl.\IAN. Does the Senator think that w:e are under ficiary, practically. Everybody knows that Germany was de- any obligation to sell our munitions to any belllgerenU prived of an enormous advantage when Great Britain forced 510 QONGRESS~ON .t\_L R.EOORD-SEN.£\_TE. J ANU~I\.RY 5; . . . those neutral countries of Europe . to put on that embargo or The motion was agreed to, and the Senate proceeded to the lose the food which they needed and which Great Britain could consideration of executive business. After 20 minutes spent. in keep from them ; and yet no one claimed that those counh·ies executive session the doors were reopened, and (at 3 o'clock and were committing an unneutral act. 25 minutes p. m.) the Senate adjourned until to-morrow, The position of the Senator is virtually this: That the United Thursday, Janua.ry 6, 1Dl6, at 12 o'clock meridian. States stands to-day as the only neutral nation in th~ world prohibited, according to his theory, from exercising this sover­ eign right of government-exercising it for its own benefit, NOMINATIONS. exercising it for a moral reason, exercising it because the Exccuti1·o nomi1wtions 'recei'l."ed by the Senate Janua1·y 5, 1916. failure to exercise it makes it a participant in the war. UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE. Mr. LODGE. Mr. President, the case is so clear that it Joseph T. Johnson, of Spartanburg, S. C., to be United States seems to me from either point of view hardly worth discussing. district judge, western district of South Carolina. The countries named by the Senator by their embargo cut off the export of arms and munitions of war from their countries UNITED STATES DISTRICT ATTORNEY. to all the belligerents. IJ. Ert Slack, of Indianapolis, Ind., to be United States attor­ Mr. WORKS. Mr. President-- ney for the district of Indiana, vice Frank 0. Dailey, resigned. Mr. LODGE. One moment, Mr. President. I want to finish REGISTER OF LAND OFFICE. one sentence, and then I will yield. Their embargo applied James Y. Callahan, of Woodward, Okla., to be register of the equally to all. Our embargo, owing to conditions created by the land office at Guthrie, Okla., vice J. Lot Calvert, resigned. war, would apply only to one. I now yield to the Senator from California. APPOINTMENT AND PROMOTIONS IN THE NAVY. Mr. WORKS. Mr. President, I should like to ask the Sen­ Commander Louis McC. Nulton to be a captain in the Navy ator from Massachusetts if he considers the fact that the con­ from the 26th day of November, 1915. dition that he thinks we ought not to change was brought about Lieut. Commander Mark St. C. Ellis to be a commander in by the action of the Government to which we are now sup­ the Navy from the 26th day of November, 1915. . plying arms? Ensign Thomas Moran to be a lieutenant (junior grade) in Mr. LODGE. Why, of course it was not, Mr. President. It the NaVY from the 7th day of March, 1915. was brought about by the course of the war, in which one side · Ensign Donald Boyden to be a lieutenant (junior grade) 1n got conh·ol of the sea. We should be doing just as unneutral a the Navy from the 8th day of June, 1915. thing as if it were in our power to shut down the arms factories Albert Soiland, a citizen of California, to be au assistant of Liege, of which Germany got possession at the beginning of surgeon in the Medical Reserve Corps of the Navy from the 13th the war, and which she is now running in her own interest. If day of December, 1915. we tried to shut down those factories, if we had the power to do it, it would be an tmneutral act. CONFIRMATIONS. Mr. O'GORMAN. Mr. President, may I ask. the Senator a question? Executive nominations confirmed by the Senate January 5, 1916. Mr. LODGE. I have said all I desire to say. ASSISTANT REGISTER OF THE TREASURY. Mr. O'GORI\:IAN. If the belligerent that is deriving the James W. McCartet· to be Assistant Register of the Treasury. greatest benefit from our present attitude with regard to the PuBLic liEALTH SERVICE. exportation of arms were guilty of positive offenses against om· own rights as a neutral nation, does the Sentor think that ,Asst. Surg. Robert H. Heterick to be passed assistant surgeon. placing an embargo because of that reason-- Asst. Surg. John A. Watkins to be passed assistant surgeon. Mr. LODGE. 'Vill the Senator state the reason again? Dr. Edward C. Ernst to be assistant surgeon. Mr. O'GORMAN. Suppose the belligerent that · is the chief Dr. Peter J. Gorman·to be assistant surgeon. beneficiary of our present policy with respect to the exportation ASSAYER IN CHARGE. of ammunition were to disregard om· rights as a neutral na­ Curtis F. Pike to be assayer in charge at Boise City, Idaho. tion, does the Senator think we would be justified in placing PROMOTIONS IN THE ARMY. an embargo on the exportation of arms and ammunition as a retaliatory measure because of such conduct on the part of a Brig. Gen. Frank D. Baldwin, retired, to be major general. Brig. Gen. William M. Grahnm, retired, to be major generaL belligerent nation disregarding and offensively \iolating our Brig. Gen. Jacob F. Kent, retired, to be major general. rights as a neutral? M. Mr. LODGE. Of course, we should have a right to impose a Brig. Gen. Thomas Anderson, retired, to be major general. retaliu tory embargo if we wanted to do so. Brig. Gen. James H. Wilson, retired, to be major general. l\Ir. O'GOUl\fAN. If we did it for that reason, could it then Brig. Gen. Peter J. Osterhaus, retired, to be major general. be Raid that we were guilty of an unneutral act? GENERAL OFFICERS. l\Ir. LODGE. A retaliatory embargo? That opens a great Brig. Gen. Hugh L. Scott, to be major general. many questions, as to whether there is ground for retaliation or Brig. Gen. Tasker H. Bliss, to be major general. whether that is the best way of dealing with it. I think myself Col. Frederick S. Sh·ong, to be brigadier general. it might very well be an tmneutral act. Col. John F. 1\lorrison, to be brigadier general. l\lr. STONE. l\Ir. President, of course this debate is proceed­ MEDICAL CORPS. ing by unanimous consent. I have not objected. I thought it was yery well to let it run a little while, by way of feeling out To be flt·st lie'tttenants. and getting some index: to the sentiment of the Senate; but if Harry D. Offutt. we are going to enter upon the particular question now raised George D. Chunn. between the Senator from New York and the Senator from Mas­ Charles M. O'Connor. sachusetts, I shall object to the debate proceeding further. Augustus B. Jones. l\fr. FALL. Mr. President-- · Raymond E. Scott. Mr. LODGE. I am entirely through. I do not desire to say Rufus H. Hagood. anything more. If the Senator will allow ~e to yield to the Herman G. Maul. Senator from New l\Iexico, I will sit down. Frank H. Dixon. 1\fr. FALL. I simply desire to ask the Senator from Massa­ Robert Du R. Harden. chusetts, who is a historian, if it is not a historical fact that the Lloyd E. Tefft. policy of the United States with reference to the sale and ship­ David D .. Hogan. ment of arms to all countries was first announced by Thomas JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT. Jefferson, Secretary of State, in answer to a protest of Great Capt. James J. Mayes, Infantry, to be judge advocate with Britain that this country was furnishing arms to France? the rank of major. l\Ir. IjODGE. That is my recollection. Maj. Henry 1\f. Morrow, judge advocate, to be judge advocate l\Ir. FALL. I think that is a historical fact. with the rank of ·lieutenant . Mr. STONE. The Senators agree upon the historical fact. QUARTERMASTER CORPS. :Mr. FALL. I think so. Lieut. Col. John E. Baxter, retired, to be ~olonel. EXECUTIVE SESSION. Lieut. Col. 1\Ioses G. Zalinski to be colonel. l\Ir. STONE. I move that the Senate proceed to the consid­ Maj. George G. Bailey to be lieutenant colonel. eration of executiye business. Maj. George H. Penrose to be lieutenant colonel. '1916. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 51t

MEDICAL CORPS. Second Lieut. George F. Lewis. Lieut. Col. Henry I. Raymond to be coloneL Second Lieut. Han-ison Brand, jr. l\Iaj. Edward L. Munson to be lieutenant colonel. Second Lieut. Frederick W. Berman. Capt. Charles C. Billingslea to be major. Second Lieut. John H. Carruth. To be captains after th1·ee yem·s' service. ORDNANCE DEPART::MENT. First Lieut. Thomas J. Leary. Lieut. Col. William S. Peirce to be -colonel. - First Lieut. Neal N. Wood. Maj. Clarence C. Williams to be lieutenant colonel Fir t Lieut. William B. Meister. Maj. Samuel Hof to be lieutenant colonel. First Lieut. Harry R. McKellar. Maj. William H. Tschappat to be lieutenant colonel. First Lieut. Leeson 0. Tarleton. First Lieut. Shelley U. Marietta. CHAPLAINS. First Lieut.' Harry H. Van Kirk. Chaplain Samuel -J. Smith to be chaplain with the rank of First Lieut. Robert Skelton. major. First Lieut. Omar H. Quade. Chaplain Walter K. Lloyd to be chaplain with the rank of First Lieut. Thomas E. Scott. captain. First Lieut. Harry H. Blodgett. Chaplain Stephen R. Wood to be chaplain with the rank of First Lieut. Alfred P. Upshur. captain. First Lieut. Thomas E. Harwood. Chaplain Stanley C. Ramsden to be chaplain with the rank of First _Lieut. Philip B. Connolly. captain. First Lieut. Samuel J. TurnbulL CAV:ALRY AlUL First Lieut. Michael A. Dailey. Lieut. Col. Guy Carleton to be colonel. First Lieut. Leopold Mitchell. Lieut. CoL Thomas B. Dugan to be colonel. First Lieut. Adna G. Wilde. l\IaJ, George L. Byram to be lieutenant coloneL First Lieut. Frederick C. A. Kellam, jr4 Maj. Selah R. H. Tompkins to be lieutenant colonel. First Lieut. Johnson F. Hammond. Capt. Frank Tompkins to be major. First Lieut. John G. Ingold. Capt. Samuel D. Rockenbach to be major. First Lieut. Alvin C. Miller. Capt. Robert C. Williams to be major. First Lieut. Chester R. Haig. To be ji1·st lieutena1us. Fir t Lieut. John H. Trinder. Fir. t Lieut. ·william E. Hall. Second Lieut. John T. Kennedy. Second Lieut. Horace M. Hickam. First Lieut. Hew B. McMurdo. ·~ First Lieut. Thomas W. Burnett. Second Lieut. Homer 1\f. Groninger. First Lieut. Kerwin W. Kinard. Second Lieut. Stewart 0. Elting. First Lieut. Robert l\I. Hardaway. Second Lieut. John K. Brown. First Lieut. John W. Sherwood. Second Lieut. Richard D. Newman. First Lieut. Guy L. Qualls. Second Lieut. Elbert L. Grisell. First Lieut. James E. Baylis. Second Lieut. William H : Garrison, jr. First Lieut. Douglas W. McEnery. Second Lieut. Sumner 1\f. Williams. First Lieut. John W. Meehan. FIELD ARTILLERY ARM.. First Lieut. Charles M. Walson. . First Lieut. Francis W. Honeycutt to be captain. First Lieut. Luther R. Poust. First Lieut. Charles S. Blakely to be captain. CORPS OF ENGINEERS. Second Lieut. Herman Erlenkotter to be first lieutenant. To be colone"l8. Second Lieut. Claude B. Thummel to be first lieutenant. Second Lieut. Harold E. Miner to be first lieutenant. Lieut. Col. Joseph E. Kuhn. Lieut. Col. William E. Craighill. COAST r\RTILLERY- CORPS. Lieut. Col. Henry C. Newcomer. · To be colonels. To be lieutenant colonels. Lieut. Col. George W. Gatchell. 1\Iaj. Jay J. Morrow. Lieut. Col. Oscar I. Straub. 1\Iaj. James B. Cavanaugh. Lieut. pol. Alfred M. Hunter. l\Iaj. James P. Jervey. To be lieutena-nt colonels. 1\laj. George P. Howell. l\Iaj. Thomas B. Lamoreux. 1\Iaj. Char1es W. Kutz. Maj. Andrew Hero, jr. To be majors, Maj. Frank E. Harris. Capt. Arthur Williams. Maj. George Blakely. Capt. Wildurr Willing. Maj. Frank ,V. Coe. Capt. William L. Guthrie. To be ftlajors. Capt. William A. Mitchell. Capt. Charles H. Hilton. Cnpt. Warren T. Hannum. Capt. Edward L. Gfasgow. Capt. Robert ·R. Ralston. Capt. Percy Willis. Capt. Mark Brooke, Capt. William F. Stewart, jr. Capt. Laurence V. Frazier. Capt. Joseph B. Douglas. Capt. James F. Bell. Capt. Hudson T. Patten. Capt. Douglas MacArthur. Capt. Harrison Hall. To be captains. To be captains. First. Lieut. Earl J. Atkisson. First Lieut. Thomas 1\I. Spaulding. First Lieut. Richard T. Coiner. First Lieut. Benjamin H. L. Williams. First Lieut. Robert S. A. Dougherty, First Lieut. Halsey Dunwoody. First Lieut. Stuart C. Godfrey. · First Lieut. LeRoy Bartlett. First Lieut. Francis C. Harrington. First Lieut. Robert C. Eddy. First Lieut. Cleveland C. Gee. First Lieut. Julius C. Peterson. First Lieut. John M. 'Vright. First Lieut. James F. Walker. Fir t Lieut: John R. D. Matheson. First Lieut. Ellery W. Niles. First Lieut. William H. Sage, jr. First Lieut. Adelno Gibson. Fir. t Lieut. Charle!' J. Taylor. To be first lieutenants. First Lieut. Edwin H. Marks. Second Lieut. 'Villard K. Richards. To be first lieutencmts- Second Lieut. Frank Drake. Second Lieut. Brehon B. Somervell. Second Lieut. Meade Wildrick. Second Lieut. Xenophon H. Price. Second Lieut. Frederick A. Holmer. Second Lieut. Robert W. Crawford. Second Lieut. Fred Seydel. Second Lieut. Frederick S. Skinner. Second Lieut. Charles A. Chapman.. Second Lieut. Dabney 0. Elliott. · Second Lieut. Charles Hines. Second Lieut. Allen P. Cowgill. Second Lieut. 'Villiam A. Pendleton, jr. 512 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE. JANUARY p,_

Second Lieut. Walter K. Dunn. First Lieut. Seth W. Scofield, First Infantry, to be first lieu­ Second Lieut. Allen n. Edwards. tenant of Cavalry. INFANTRY ARM. Second I.ieut. Charles L. Kilburn, Coast Artillery Corps, to be second lieutenant of Fiel

Herbert Clifton Chase. Paul Dudley White. Hansom Spafard Hooker. Orville Forrest Rogers, jr. Basil Raphael Beltran. Hem·y Sage Dunning. Wilfred Mason Barton. Homer Fordyce Swift. Harry Burke Schmidt. William Post Herrick. Ward Francis Seeley. Ernest Gustav Tillmanns~ Frank Thomas Fort. Louie Felger. Charles Stewart Flagler. James Howard Means. Bernhardt Kurt Stumberg. Otto Kerr Snyder. Frank Joseph Tainter. Charles Edward Lawrence~ Carl Ten Broeck. Roy Edward Fox. Rosewell Talmadge Pettit. · Walter Sidders Lay. Emmett Ireland Vaughn. Robert Emmet Seibels. . John Jamieson Morton, jr~ Carl Dinsmore Gray. .James Savage Stone. Robert Monroe Funkhouser• Frank Alexander Evans. Hugh McDowell Beebe. Walter Walker Palmer. Harry Hunt Towler. Frederick Madison Allen. John Martin Bradley. Gilpin Monteith McCain. Clifford William Andrews. Stuart Clark Johnson. Bascom Franklin Morris. Paul George Lacroix. Jeremiah !Jerman Metzge·r. Ora Frank Parish. Edward Raymond Northrop. John Fairbairn Binnie. Walter Conway Johnson• . Roy Kepler Evans. Arthur Maxwell Alden. Louis Archie Milne. Linwood Major Kelley. Harry Migerdich Malejan. Bacil Augustine Warren. Carl l\Ierrill Robinson. Nathaniel Niles Morse. 'Villiam Heru·y Robey. Charles Patterson Stahr. Alan Mason Chesney. Doyle Lee Eastland. Franklin Chambers McLean~ Edwin Burchett. Lynn Thompson Hall. William Ernest Kramer. Edgar Stillman. William John McConnell .. Goodrich Barbour Rhodes. Bender Zelotes Cashman. Gerhard Hutchison Cocks. Richard Lynn Ivins. Willard Joseph Denno. · Thomas Richmond Boggs. Alan Churchill Woods. Heinrich Stern. Charles Wilbur Hyde. Frank Albert Kiilg. Henry Suydam Satterlee. Robert Thomas Irvine. Richard Henry Miller. John Mumford Swan. Charles Francis Lynch. Frank \Vhipple Snow. William Henry Price. Charles Allen Betts. Albert Edward Catherwood~ Edward Bailey. Roy Donaldson McClure. Fletcher Gardner. Walter Anthony Ostendorf_ George Frank Holland. George Adolph Stewart. DENT.A.L CORPS. William Franklin Ball. Arthur Leroy Hunt. To be den.tal stwgeons. Thomas A very Rogers. Acting Dental Surg. Albert R. White. Camille Joseph Stamm. Acting Dental Surg. Mortimer Sanderso~ John Gardner Murray. Acting Dental Surg. John H. Snapp. George Parcell Myers. Acting Dental Surg. William A. Squires. Charles Delucena Hart. Acting Dentnl Surg. .Arnett P. Matthews. William Young Kennedy. Acting Dental Surg. John W. Scovel. ·Adolph Ernst Dreyer. Acting Dental Surg. Charles De W. Deyton~ · Harold Koch Shawan. Acting Dental Surg. Benjamin C. Warfield~ Percy James Carron. Acting Dental Surg. Herman S. Rush. Harold Duncan Cochrane. Acting Dental Surg. Lester C. Ogg. George Edwards Tooley. Richard Shelby Wilson. CORPS OF ENGINEERS. Alpheus Felch Jennings. To be second lieutenants. Henry Rohnert Carstens. Henry Rutledge Donaldson. Cadet William Edward Raab Covell. William Jonathan Pennock. Cadet Edwin Richardson Kimble. Howell Brewer. Cadet Joseph Dogan Arthur, jr. George Wheeler Wilson. Cadet Ernest Frederick Miller. 'William Stuart Frost. Cadet John Stewart Bragdon. Alphonse Raymond Dochez. Cadet George Jacob Richards. Harold Lindsay Amoss. Cadet Alexander Pennington Cronkhite, Robert Barnwell Rhett. Cadet John Scott Smylie. Cadet Lehman Wellington Miller. Herbert Alton Durham. Cadet Douglas Lafayette Weart. · Benjamin Franklin Fridge, jr. Cadet Earl Ewart Gesler. Stuart McGuire. · Cadet Edwin Alexander Bethel. Warren La Verne Babcock. Cadet John French Conl{lin. Abram Lee Van Meter. Cadet Alfred Laing Ganahl. Frederic Good Sprowl. Cadet John Easter Harris. Charles ·stuart Moody. Cadet William Frazer Tompkins. Harry H. Hammel. , Cadet Douglas Hamilton Gillette. Chauncey Eugene Tennant. Cadet Paul .Alfred Hodgson. John Daviqson Milligan. Cadet Donald Angus Davison. James Albertus Bethea. Cadet Thomas Bernard Larkin. Frank Rose. · " -Cadet Edwin Coit Kelton . . Colvin Layfayette'Cooper; Cadet :i\Iason James Young. John Arthur Franklin Pfeiffer.. Cadet Layson Enslow Atkins.

LIII-33 ·514 OONGRE~SIONAL RECORD__;_gENAT~~ JANUARY. 5,

CA. V A.LRY .ARM. INFANTRY .ARM, To be second lieutenants. To be second lieutenants. Cadet Parley Doney Parkinson. Cadet Stafford LeRoy Irwin. Cadet Charles Wolcott Ryder. ·, Cadet Pearson 1\fenoher. ' Cadet Joseph Taggart McNarney, Cadet Edwin Bowman Lyon. Cadet Omar Nelson Bradley. Cadet Carl Conrad Bank. Cadet John Paul Mueller. Cadet George Hume Peabody. Cadet Leland Stanford Hobbs. ·! • Y-! •• ;sr Cadet Earl Larue Naiden. Cadet Charles Calvert Benedict~ · ' · ·: "'~"'·'~ · ·' 1 Cadet Henry McElderry Pendleton. Cadet Vernon Evans. Cadet Edmund de Treville Ellis. Cadet Roscoe Barnett Woodruff. ·· ··. Cadet Robert William Strong. Cadet Lewis Clarke Davidson. Cadet Clifford Barrington King. Cadet Dwight David Eisenhower4 Cadet Paul Russell Frank. Cadet Harold William Jones. Cadet William Sumner Teall Holcomb. Cadet James Basevi Ord. Cadet Edward Campbell McGuire. Cadet John Ellis Rossell. Cadet John McDonald Thompson. Cadet Whitten Jasper East. Cadet John Fuller Davis. Cadet Sidney Carroll Graves. Cadet Reese Maughan Howell. Cadet Jo Hunt Reaney. Cadet Henry. J en is Friese Miller~ Cadet .John William Leonard. Cadet Harry .Aloysius Harvey. Cadet John Aloysius McDermott. Cadet Frank D. McGee. Cadet Clyde Raymond Eisenschmidt. Cadet Harry Benson Anderson. Cadet James .Alward Van Fleet. Cadet Norman Jay Boots. Cadet Louis 'Alfred Merillat, jr. Cadet Hugh P. Avent. Cadet Edward Gill Sherburne~ Cadet Victor Vaughan Taylor. Cadet Michael Frank Davis. Cadet Horace Stringfellow, jr. Cadet Luis Raul Esteves. Cadet Leo Andrew Walton. Cadet Stuart Clarence MacDonald. Cadet Ralph Pittman Cousins. Cadet Metcalfe Reed. Cadet John Franklin Stevens. Cadet Benjamin Greeley Ferris. Cadet Blackburn Hall. Cadet Charles L; umucl I!itche1. Cadet Edward James Dwan. Cadet Thomas Guerdon Hearn. Cadet Eustis Lloyd Hubbard. Cadet Donald Henley. Cadet \Villiam Berkeley Peebles. Cadet Alfred Schrieber Balsam. Cadet Frederic William Boye. . Cadet George Pulsifer, jr. Cadet Karl Hartman Gorman. Cadet Otto AI Busch Hooper. Cadet Howard Donnelly. FIELD ARTILLERY ARM, Cadet John Nicholas Robinson. •· To be second lieutenants. Cadet Tom Fox. Cadet James .Allen Lester. Cadet Thomas James Hanley, jr~ Cadet Herman Beukema. Cadet Jacob John Gerhardt. Cadet Stanle~ McNabb. Cadet Herbert Spencer Struble. Cadet Vernon Edwin Prichard. Cadet Francis Joseph Dunigan. Cadet Robert Bishop Lorch. Cadet Edwin Albert Zundel. Cadet Adlai Howard Gilkeson. Cadet Clinton Wilbur Howard. Cadet Gilbert Smith Brownell. Cadet Charles Manly Busbee. Cadet Richard Carlton Stickney. Cadet Albert Whitney Waldron. Cadet Philip Kitchings McNair. Cadet John Hobert Wallace. Cadet Jesse Beeson Hunt. Cadet Raymond Marsh. Cadet John Benjamin Duckstad. Cadet Joseph May Swing. Cadet John Ross Mendenhall. COAST ARTILLERY CORPS~ Cadet Norman Randolph. Cadet Joseph Monroe Murphy. Cadet Henry Spiese Aurand. Cadet George Edward Stratemeyer. Cadet Harold Eugene Small. Cadet Leroy Hugh Watson. Cadet Henry Benton Saylor. Cadet Henry Harold Dabney. Cadet Albert Henry Warren. Cadet John Hamilton Chew Williams. Cadet John Frederick Kahle. Cadet Melchior Mcffiwen Eberts. Cadet Reinold Melberg. Cadet Oscar Andruss Straub. Cadet Clarence Brewster Lindnerc Cadet Earl Marvin Price. Cadet John Henry Cochran. Cadet Arthur Arnim White. Cadet Logan Wellington Series. Cadet John Keliher. Cadet John Kimberly Meneely. · Cadet Benjamin Willis Mills. Cadet Joseph J esse Teter. Cadet Thomas Fenton Taylor. Cadet .John Storrie MacTaggart. Cadet Marshall Henry Quesenberry. Cadet Martin John O'Brien. Cadet Robert Livingston Williams. Cadet Joseph Cuming Haw. Cadet Charles Curtiss Herrick. Cadet Iverson Brooks Summers, jr.. Cadet Clifford Randall Jones. APPOINTMENTS AND PROMOTIONS IN THE NAVY. Cauet John Beugnot 'Vogan. Capt. Albert G. Winterhalter to be a read admiral. Cadet Olesen Henry Tenney. Capt. Augustus F. Fechteler to be a rear adJD.iral. ; Cadet Frank Edwin Emery, jr. Capt. .Albert Gleaves to be a rear admiraL. - · Cadet Edward Caswell Wallington. Capt. Herbert 0. Dunn to be a rear admiral. Cadet Carl Ernest Hocker. Capt. Albert W. Grant to be a rear admiral. · . Cadet Richmond Turnbull Gibson. Commander Henry A. Wiley to be a captain. .. Cadet Edward Bolton Hyde, jr. Commander Frederic B. Bassett, jr., to be 3. captain. Cadet Walter Wood Hess, jr. Commander Richard H. Jackson to be a captain. Cadet Thomas Joseph Brady. Commander Nathan C. Twining to l;>e a captain. Cadet Herbert Robison Corbin. Commander Benjamin F. Hutchison to be a captain. Ca(let Hubert Reilly Harmon. Commander Thomas P. Magruder to be a captain. Cadet Joseph Daly Coughlan. Commander Sumner E. W. Kittelle to be a cap'taln. Cadet Charles Hosmer Chapin. Commander George L. P. Stone to be a commander. Cadet William Putnam Cherrington.: Lieut. Commander Frederic N. Freeman 'to be a commander. Cadet Charles Robert Finley. Commander Daniel W. Wurtsbaugh to be a commander. 1916. -.CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN.A.TE. 515

Commander Ralph Earle to be a commander. • Alston R. Simpson, Commander Gatewood S. Lincoln to be a commander. Robert C. Lee, Commander Ivan C. Wettengel to be a commander. Josiah 0. Hoffman, jr., J. .. ieut. Commander Charles M. Tozer to be a commander. Millington B. 1\lcComb, Ueut. Commander Wat T. Cluverius to be a commander. Frank H. Luckel, J. ..ieut. Commander Duncan M. 'Vood to be a commander. William 1\f. Corry, jr., I~ieut. Comnmnder Leigh C. Palmer to be a commander. 1\Iel'rille S. Brown, Lieut. Commander Thomas A. Kearney to be a commander. George 1\1. Cook, Lieut. Commander Arthur MacArthur to be a commander. Sargent l1"'orce, I-ieut. Commander Frank E. Ridgely to be a commander. Donalut. (Junior Grade) William 0. Wallace to be a lieutenant. Bolivar V. Meade, . J... ieut. (Junior Grade) Frank R. King to be a lieutenant. 1\liles P. Refo, jr., J...ieut. (Junior Graue) Bruce R. Ware, jr., to be a lieutenant. Samuel W. King, The following-name<] ensigns to be lieutenants (junior grade) : J;Jdgar l\1. 'Villiams, Pre. ton B. Haines, Earl A. Mcintyre, Granville B. Hoey, Robert T. Young, II ugh V. McCabe, George L. Dickson, Hichard ,V. Wuest, l\Iarc A. Mitschelj Hugo ,V, Koehler, Elmer K. Niles, Deupree J. FriedelJ, Scott B. :Macfnrlane, Frank E. Johnson, George L. Weyle1·, Percy T, Wright, Roman B. Hammes, Herbert R. A. Borchar

William E. Baughman, Robert P. J,rmten, jr., Harry W. Hill, Harry R. Bouuseh, John A. Fletcher, Robert H. English, Bernhard H. Bieri, GeGl-:ge C. Fuller, Oscar C. Badger, Bu hrod B. Howard, Jrune C. Byrnes, jr., George D. Murray, Thomas S. King, 2d, Carroll Q. Wright. jr.~ Robert K. Awtrey, Oll'n~r 1\I. Read, jr., Howaru S. Jeans, J OBeJ.~h !\IcE. B. $mith, Scott D. McCaughey, George J. McMillin, Edward B. Lapham, 'Villirun H. O'Brien, jr., Euward W. Hanson, Howard F. Kingman, Daniel J. Callaghan, Howard S. Keep, Frank J. Lowry, Jame G. B. Grom r, Cecil Y. Johnston, '\Yil1iam M. Quigley, Thomas Baxter, Ri...-ers J. Car tarphen, Walter A. Riedel, Albert R. M :ck, Aylmer L. Morgan, jr.• John A. L. Zenor, Edgar R. McClung, Calrtn H. Cobb, John R. Peterson, jr., Robert B. Simons, Johil H. McGruder, jr•• Lee C. Carer., George F. Jacobs, John H. Holt, jr., James L. Rodger , N orrnan Scott James McD. Cresap, Glenn .tt. Smith, Paul F. Foster, Conrad Rid~ ly, Everett D. Capehart, Donald C. Godwin, Frank Loftin, Richard P. Myers, Lewis W. Comstock, 'Vel>b ·C. Hay . Thomas S. McCloy, Howard D. Bode, Lyell St. L. Pamperin, .Jay L. Kerley, George B. Ashe, Harold E. Snow, Joseph L. Nielson, Richard H. Bootn, Harold R. Keller, l\forton L. Deyo, Frank C. McCord, Ro.b rt P. Uohle, Eric L. Barr, Har ld T. Bartlett, John C. Thorn, Robe1't ~1. Hinckley. Ralph F. Wood, Ralph S. Parr, Ames Loder, ·Cbarle H. 1\fcMorri.s, Paul M. Bates, \'lrgll

Elliott Buckmaster, William H. Michael, Walter S. DeLany, William A. Stoops, Emory P. Eldredge, Talmadge Wilson, Albert B. Sanborn, Joel T. Boone, Ellis 1\:f. Zacharias, Walter W. Cress, Clarence Gulbranson, Henry M. Stenhouse, Wentworth H. Osgood, Joy A. Orner, Donald F. Patterson, Summerfield M. Taylor, and Donald W. Hamilton, Fredric L. Conklin. Heister Hoogewerff, The following-named citizens to be assistant surgeons in the John H. Falge, Medical Reserve Corps : Louis E. Denfeld, Overton Brooks, Ralph W. Holt, Montgomery H. Sicard, George W. D. Dashiell, Forrest M. Harrison, Emory W. Coil, Elphege A. M. Gendreau, Nathan B. Chase, John Harper, George W. La Mountain, Francis DeA. Gibbs, Harry W. Scofield, Richard R Miller, Carroll M. Hall, · Walter A. Vogelsang, William S. Hogg, jr., Russell J. Trout, Beriah M. Thompson, Henry 0. Weber, John L. Fox, George W. Taylor, William G. Greenman, Grover C. Wilson, Horatio J. Peirce, Virgil H. Carson, Hamilton Harlow, · John P. Owen, ·Thales S. Boyd, William J. Rogers, James A. ..Crutchfield, George B. Tyler, Daniel E. Barb ey, . George P. Shields, Grady B. Whitehead, Paul Richmond, jr., and Campbell D. Edgar, Lawrence F'. Drumm. Harry P. Curley, William l\I. Thebaut to be an assistant dental surgeon. WalterS. Haas, ' George C. Fowler to be an assistant dental surgeon. John P. Bowden, Pay Inspector Ziba W. Reynolds to be a pay director. De Witt C. Ramsey, Pay Inspector Eugene D~ Ryan to be a pay director. Raymond V. Ha.nnon, Pay Inspector Samuel McGowan to be a pay director. Baylis F. Poe, · Paymaster David Potter to be a pay inspector. Ro.scoe E. Scb.uirman, Paymaster Samuel Bryan to be a pay inspector. Abraham C. Ten Eyck, Paymaster Arthur F. Huntington to be a pay inspector. Ingram C. Sowell, Assistant Paymaster John L. Chatterton to be- a ;passed as- Francis E. M. Whiting. sistant paymaster. Charles A. Lockwood, jr., Assistant Paymaster Arthur H. Mayo to be a passed assistant John K. Richards, jr., paymaster. ' William H. Burtis, Assistant Paymaster William Gower to be a passed assistant Hans Ertz, paymaster. Paul S. Theiss, Tucker C. Gibbs to be an assistant paym~:~-ster. Aaron S. Merrill, Chester W. Edge to be an assistant paymaster. · John Wilbur, Stephen J. Brune to be an assistant paymaster; Charles S. Alden, Chaplain George E. T. Stevenson· to be- a chaplain, with the George S. Gillespie, rank of lieutenant commander. Garnet Hulings, _ The following-named ensigns in the Navy to be · assistant Hubert V. La Bombard, naval constructors.: Edward H. McKitterick, Harold E. Saunders, Laurence R. Brown, Garland Fulton. Stanley R. Canine, and Samuel J. z;eigler, jr., and Leonard N. Linsley. Ernest M. Pace, jr. Medical Insp. Charles H. T. Lowndes to I'Je a medical director. Herbert S. Howard to be a naval constructor. Surg. Charles E. Ryder to be a surgeon. Ensign Roscoe L. Martin to be an assistant civil engineer. Surg. Allen D. McLean to be a surgeon. The following-named boatswains to be chief boatswains: Passed Asst. Surg. Frederick G. Abeken to be a surgeon. John Atley, Passed Asst. Surg. Winfield S. Pugh, jr., to be a surgeon. George G. Robertson, Passed Asst. Surg. James E. Gill to be a surgeon. George Knott, and Passed Asst. Surg. Isaac S. K. Reeves to be a surgeon~ Thomas Macklin. Asst. Surg. Stanley D. Hart to be a passed a~istant surgeon. The following-named gumters to be chief gunners: Asst. Surg. Penlie B. Ledbetter to be a passed assistant sur: Torger Nylund, geon. George D. Stillson, Asst. Surg. Richard H. Laning to be a passed assistant sur­ Richard 0. Williams, geon. Michael Macdonald, A st. Surg. Robert F. Jones to be a passed assistant surgeon, Charles S. Schepke, Asst. Surg. Charles L. Beeching to be a passed assistant George D. Samonski, surgeon. William 0. King, Asst. Surg. Robert G. Davis to be a passed assistant surgeon. James E. Ort on, Asst. Surg. Chester C. Wood to be a passed assistant surgeon. William Cronan, The following-named assistant surgeons of the. Medical Re- Charles L. Bridges, ser-ve Corps of the Navy to be assistant surgeons: Arthure Langfield, Ruskin M. Lhamon, Albert Klingler, Robert A. Torrance, John Ronan, and Clarence W. Ross, William Seach. Carleton I. Wood, The following-named machinists to be chief machinists~ Foster H. Bowman, Frederick T. Lense, · · Chalmer H. Weaver, Edwin W. Abel, William A. Brams, Albert C. Byrne, William W. Wickersham, George L. Russell, Cecil S. O'Brien, Orrin R. Hewitt, Charles W. Depping, Otto T. Purcell, Henry McDonald, William R. Gardner, 518 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD-_SEN ATE. JANU.Al.tY 5,

George W. Fairfield, , Lieut. Louis H. 1\laxfielcl to be a lieutenant. William 1\I. Miller, : Lieut. Raymond F. Frellsen to be a lieutenant. Joseph C. Stein, I .. ieut. (Junior Grade) Carl T. Osburn to be a lieutenant. Louis F. 1\Iiller, Lieut. (Junior Grade) William S. Farber to be a lieutenant. Robert 1\I. Huggard, Ensign Lucien B. Green, second, to be a lieutenant (junior Paul B. Cozine, and grade). Earl F. Holmes. Ensign Carlos A. Bailey to be a lieutenant (jumor grade). The following-named carpenters to be chief carpenters : Ensign John A. Byers to be a lieutenant (junior grade). Reuben R. Clarke, En ign l\Iarc W. Larimer to be a lieutenant (junior grade). Frank 1\1. Smith, En ·ign Robert A. Hall to be a lieutenant (junior grade). Harry R. Taylor, Ensign Edmund A. Crenshaw, jr., to be a lieutenant (junior Harold F. McCarty, grade). Tony L. Hannah, Ensign Harold B. Grow to be a lieutenant (junior grade). Frederick Mackie, Ensign Stephen B. Robinson to be a lieutenant (junior grade). William L. Wall, Ensign Hugh C. Frazer to be an ensign. Frank Weber, and Ensign Charles P. l\fason to be a lieutenant (junior grade). Robert E. Wilkinsor.. Ensign ·John J. Brown to be a lieutenant (junior grade). Pharmacist Ralph T. Abernathy to be a chief pha1·macist. Ensign Stanley G. "\Vomble to be a lieutenant (junior grade). Lieut. Col. Constantine l\1. Perkins, to be a colonel in the Ma- The following-named chief and warrant officers of the Navy rine Corps. to be ensigns : 1\Iaj. AlberhiS W. Catlin to be a lieutenant colonel in the 1\Ia- Chief l\lachinist William D. Sullivan, rine Corps. Gunner Albert Osenger, Capt. Hiram I. Bearss to be a major in the 1\Iarine Corps. 1\fachinist Eugene G. Herzinger, Capt. Louis l\1. Gulick to be a major in the l\Iarine Corps. Gunner Richard S. Bulger, First Lieut. Clayton B. Vogel to be a captain in the Marine Chief l\lachinist Adolph J. 1\lerkt, and Corps. . Chief l\lachinist Horace E. Burks. First Lieut. Edward H. Conger to boa captain. Chaplain William G. Cassard to be a chaplain with rank of Fir t Lieut. Henry N. 1\Ianney, jr., to be a captain in the 1\Ia­ captain. rine Corl)s. Chaplain George E. T. Stevenson to be a chaplain with rank First Lieut. Clifford P. l\Ieyer to be a captain in the 1\larine of commander. Corps. Chaplain Sydney K. Evans to be a chaplain with rarik of Second Lieut. Fred S. N. Ersk.ine to be a first lieutenant in lieutenant commander. the Marine Corps. Boat ·wain Bertram David to be a chief boatswain. Second . Lieut. Roy S. Geiger to be a first lieutenant in the Carpenter Samuel C. Burgess to be a chief carpenter. l\Iarine Corl)s. 1\laj. John T. Myers to be a lieutenant colonel in the Marine Second Lieut. Ernest C. Williams to be a first lieutenant in Corps. the l\larine Corps. Capt. Frederic L. Bradman to be a major in the 1\Iai·ine Corps. Secoml Lieut. Richard H. Tebbs, jt·., to be a first lieutenant in Fir t Lieut. Franklin B. Garrett to be a captain in the Ma- the Marine. Corps. rine Corps. The following-named midshipmen to be second lieutenn ut in The following-nnmecl mid hipmen· to be ensigns in the Navy: the Marine Corps: Richard R. Adams, Ualph J. 1\litchell, Lynde D. ::\IcCormick, llouert 0. B. Burwell, Henry 0. ToYe.v, Lou is H. de ·Roode, Mark L. Sperry, jr., Johu A. 1\Iinnis, Robert N. S. Baker, DeWitt Peck, "·miam Nelson, Archie F. Howard, Arthur C. Dav"i ·, Raymond R. ·wright... ·wesley J. Shofner, Rupert 1\I. Burst:m, OliYer H. Ritchie, Pedro A. del Valle, and l\Ienill T. Kinne, · Owen E. O'Neill. · Arthur D. Struble, The follo\\ing-named assistant paymasters, with rank of "'alter A. Hicks, ensign, to he assistant paymasters with rank- of Jieuten:mt Warner P. Portz, (junior gr::ule) : LeYerett S.. Lewis, William E. 1\Ioorman, Frederic P. Culbert, Ernest H. Ba1~ber, Frederick W. Pennoyer, jr., Harry n. Sandlin, Howes Boufisb, Oscar ,V. Leidel, Beujnmin F. Perry, A>\.rthur H. Eddins, Richard '' . Bates, Stanley 1\L Mathes, Louis n. Moore, Delos P. Heat11, John F. Bates, jr., Herman G. Bowerfiml, Philip T. Glennon, Berbert J. Hauser, Claude 0. Kell, Charles C. Copp, Roy de S. Horn, John J. Gaffney, James M. Shoemaker, Lawrence A. Odlin, 'Vinfred H. A. Pike, jr., J olm H. Colhoun, Gerard H. Wood, John A. Byrne, l\Ieh·ille C. Partello, Richanl S. Robertson, Kendall Preston, Charles V. 1\IcCarty, Robert 0.-Glover, Eaton C. Edwards, Lloyd Y. H. Armstrong, David T. Chalmers, 1\:Iellyille ·w. Powers, John A. Harman, , John H. Rockwell, John B. Ewald, Howard L. Vickery, Samuel R. White, jr., and Arcllie E. Glann, Macdonough C. l\1erriman. Vincent H. Godfrey, Capt. William S. Benson to be a rear admiral. Harry H. Chenoweth, Rear Admiral William S. Benson to be Cllief of Na\"al Opera- Hugl.t G. Eldredge, tions. Stuart B. Clat·lc. Commander William V. Pratt to be a captain. Edward E. Hazlett, jl'., Lieut. Commander Dudley W. Knox to be a commander. J olm C. Lusk, Lieut. Hichard Wainwright, jr., to be a lieutenant com- Norwood G. Calvert, mander. Leon B. Scott, Lieut. lt'Ying H. l\layfield to be a lieutenant. Charles F. Osuorn, Lieut. John H. llooYer to be a lieutenant. George P. Lamont, 1916. 00NGRESSION:A:L· -REOORD-SENA'TE. 519

William H. Bowman, Clifford G. Richardson, Walter M. A. Wynrie, - Dewitt C. Watson, Scott Umsted, James M. Lewis, Myron J. Walker, . · · Harold M. Meyers, Finney B. Smith, '-· ·. Raymond Burhen. William J. Lorenz, Jonathan H. Sprague, Powell 1\.fcC. Rhea,,· , , Millard G. Gamble, jr., Edouard V. M;•Isaacs;··r Myron ,V. Hutchinson~ jr.t Henry P.-Burnett, ·-.I John H. Campman, Edwin S. 1\fcCoach, · Isaac Schlossbach, Hubert E. Paddock, Henry S. Clark, jr., Donald MeL. Dalton, , John J. Mahoney, Theodore E. Chandler; Ralph W. Christie, Herbert V. Wiley, Robert M. Parkinson, Ivan 1\f. Graham, Lewis L. Stedman, Samuel R. Shumaker, .James R. Kyle, jr., Frank D. Wagner, Preston Marshall, Stephen H. Matteson, William D. Thomas, Otto Nimitz, Lyman B. Hoops, Glenn H. Easton, Hilbert A. Fisher, Burton W. Chippendale, William S. Hactor, Allan R. Wurtele, -Samuel R. Deets, Thomas G. Peyton, JohnS. Ray, Samuel P. Jenkins, Charles F. Wedderburn, Cornelius W. Flynn, William M. Snelling, Nelson J. Leonard, Claude C. Vickrey, William_Granat, Joseph H. Chadwick, Robert T. Darrow, Albert R. Stephan, llobert 1\f. Farrar, Arthur Landis, and Charles G. Clark, Elmer B. Hough. Armit C. Thomas, Joseph E. Austin to be an ensign. Ryland D. Tisdale, Lieut. Otto C. Dowling to be a lieutenant commander. George W. Grove, Ensign Raymond E. Kerr to be a lieutenant (':Junior grade). Walter J., Confer, Eusign Louis R. Ford to be a lieutenant (junior grade). Alan Barnett, Th(' following-named carpenters to be chief carpenters in the Julius C. Delpino, Navy: Homer W. Graf, Charles R. Barr, John D. Small, Alfred Bledsoe, Romeo J. Jonc:lreau, Morgan M. Saylor, and Robert W. Clark, Clarence P. Baker:- Conrad L. Lein, Machinist Joseph R. Bradshaw to be a chief machinist. John B. Kneip, Second Lieut. Robert E. Messersmith to be a fust lieutenant George C. Hill, in the Marine Corps. Francis S. Low, The following-named citizens to be assist;mt surgeons in the James P. Brown, Medical Reserve Corps : Francis M. Mail, jr., Leslie B. Wiggs, Winthrop Winslow, Aclpfar A. Marsteller, Frank C. Huntoon, Louis H. Williams, William J. Nunnally, jr., Arthur C. Sinton, and Earle W. F. Childs, Franklin F. Murdoch. Alexander S. Wotherspoon, The following-named acting assistant dental surgeons· to be Philip C. Morgan, assistant dental surgeons : Mal'cus C. Miller, Joseph D. Halleck, Forrest B. Royal, Harry E. Harvey, John L. McCrea, Harry D. Johnson, Morris H. Spriggs, Ernest W. Lacy, Frederick G. Richards, Eugene H. Tennent, Marshall B. Arnold, Joseph A. Mahoney, Noble Withers, Anson F. McCreary, Roswell H. Blair, Leon Martin, Tully Shelley, Lucian C. Williams, Elmer R. Henning, James L. Brown, and Dallas D. Dupre, Harry W. Blaisdell. Nathaniel M. Pigman, The following-named paymasters' clerks and former pay­ John S. Farnsworth, masters' clerks whose appointments had been ·revoked within Horace D. Clarke, the six months next preceding March 4, 1915, to be chief pay Edward Breed, clerks: Thomas G. Brown, Edward F. Delaney, James E. Maher, Walter D. Bollard, Irving R. Chambers, John J. Gering,

Alexander G. Hatch, !• II Robert L. Gressitt, Allen E. Smith, Otis F. Cato. Leighton 'Vood, . . .; ~ ... Eugene Dann, Chester E. Lewis, •\ j ,, : Samuel H. Knowles, Harvey E. Overesch, .. , Fred E. Crossman, Stuart A. Maher, Benjamin L. Lankford, Homer H . H. Harrison, Harry Price, Ralph Kiely, Rudolph A. Ashton, Allen G. Quynn, Frank Hunt, John M. Fielc:l, jr., Malcolm D. Stuart, · David MeL. Coiiins, George A. Wilcox, Archer E. King. jr., Joseph Reay, Daniel W. Armstrong, Alpheus M. Jones, · Harold 0. Hunter, Theodore F. Howe, George C. Kriner, John E. Bibb, Forrest K. Libenow, Thomas A. Henry, 520 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-·· SENATE. JANUARY 5,

Emil E. Artois, INDIANA; Carroll F. Bennett, Archy \Y. ;Barnes, Frank w. Boren, Owensville~ John H. Hauch, Charles V. Hirt, Batesvil1e. ·william H. Johnston, Crawfordsville~ · ·' Edward. \V. Poore, William T. Newton, Rosedale. ,·., .John l\f. Holmes, John C. Ring, Frankton. · · t • • James E. Reed, ... • ;a 'r: 7" \VilUam Craig, IOWA. Frank H. Baasen, A. L. Anderson, Ringsted. Nils B. Olsen, H. E. Button, Alden. Richard. R. Bolles, Frunk M. Beymer, Avoca. \Villiam H. Crap, Edvi·ard l\1. Carr, Manchester. George P. Seifert, W. J. Casey, Knoxville. George \V. l\fasterton, Lee E. Evans, :Mystic. Ambrose J. Barnum, Oscar M. Farb, Albert City. \Valket· A. Settle, John R. Herron, Boone. Orlo S. Goff, G. A. Huffman, Des Moines. Oscar J. Phillips, Fred H. Jamison, Oelwein. Dayton Fi her, C. J. Kinner, Elliott. Edgar L. Cary, C. P. Luther, Guttenberg. Helmer H. Koppang, Gladys H. McDowell, Emerson. Arthur Hesford, John A. McNerney, Mount Ayr. Si .A. Culhane, and .J. P. Han·ell, Arcadia. Charles \V. Charlton. Monroe Jarrell, Columbia. Lieut. Commander Albert W. Mat-shall to be a commander. M~~· 1 :t POST!.IAS'l'ERS. John H. Cooper, Kennebunk. ALABAMA, Jo 'iah F. Davi , Milo. James F. Hodge, Carrollton. J olm Durgan, Lubec. Isaiah G. El

Joseph A. Lemire, Ron3rn, , ... OHIO. J. Cliff Tipton, 'Vhite · Sulphur Springs., James A. Angus, Genoa. NEBRASKA, James B. Beard, Newton Falls. James Connor, Toronto. Jame.· C. Badger, A:rling.t9n. · Thomas 1\I. Duncan, Bridgeport. Carl Carlson, Valparaiso. ·' " James 1\f. Phillips, Bethesda. A. N. Conklin, St. Paul. C. C. Davis, Falls City. .. :,.... , OKLAHOMA.. ·wmiam l). Day, Ulysses: · Lulu A. Ball, 'Vapanucka. l\I. G. Doering, Battle Creek. James M. Loper, Tishomingo. Clmrles F. Gilbert, York. B. F. Suter, Randlett. E. 0. Harshman, l\Iinatare. . .; Otis B. Weaver, Shawnee. Anton B. Helms, Randolph: · l'ENNSYLVANIA. Tlwmas J. Hind , David City. William J. Burke, .Mount Carmei.- Samuel G. Hudson, Lincoln. J. Bentley Candy, jr., Langhorne. Le lie J. Hummel, Burwell. Samuel A. Lacock, Canonsburg. E. J. Kaltenborn, " raco. William D. 1\fcGill, West Brownsville. Daniel Kavanaugh, Fairbm·y. · William A. 1\IcMahan, 'Vest Pittsburgh. Daniel Z. Kochendarfer, Exeter. Hiram L. Purdy, Sunbury. Thomas J. Lane, Bloomington. Edward Weidenhamer, Milton. 0. S. Larson, Shickley. Nelson J. Luui, Wahoo. SOUTH CAROLINA. 1.\l. H. McCarthy, O'Neill. William Laughlin, Anderson. J. J. 1.\IcCarthy, Ogallala. J. ,V. Little, Simpsonville. D. H. l\Iichael, Liberty. 1\fanton B. McCutchen, Bishopville, Paul C. l\Iorgan, Hay Springs. David B. Traxler, Greenville. Otis L. Newkirk, Stapleton. TEXAS. George ,V. Nicholas, De Witt. H. C. Bailey, Detroit. William F. Nick, Oe