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17580 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 26, 1969 E.XTENSION.S OF' REMARKS GENERAL CHAPMAN'S REMARKS and both the UH-IE and CH- 53 helicopters man who wears the uniform of a Marine ts AT THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF will be introduced later. self-made. And you also know that to do Aside from these limitations, the IV Ma this he must have a sturdy inner-structure THE MARINE CORPS RESERVE rine Expeditionary Force ls ready, and I have upon which to build. OFFICERS' ASSOCIATION the fullest confidence in its ability to take The young Marine of today is physically its place next to active Marine units if the bigger, stronger, and has more endurance need should arise. than his father and uncles of World War II HON. DANTE B. FASCELL In Vietnam, active duty Marines continue and Korea. Because of his education and the OF FLORIDA to be employed on the ground and in the air improved field of communications, he is bet throughout the vast expanse of the I Corps ter informed, more alert, and less impressed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tactical zone; and operating from ships of by strange places, people, and situations. But Wednesday, June 25, 1969 the 7th Fleet as special landing forces. these are physical facts. I think the most sig The Marine Corps has consistently advo nificant quality of· today's Marine is his in Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, 18 months cated the principle that the war in South dividualism. ago, former President Johnson selected Vietnam can be conclusively won only From the very beginning of his service, an outstanding Floridian, Gen. Leonard through convincing the South Vietnamese this young man has made a decision, indi Chapman, to assume the important re people in the vmages and hamlets that their vidually, without the intimidation of scream sponsibilities of the 24th Commandant hope lies with freedom, not with Commu ing, hate-filled crowds, or an inner compul of the U.S. Marine Corps. nism. Under the present conditions of cessa sion to conform. His character is marked tion of bombardment of North Vietnam and with self-discipllne, leadership, and oourage. At that time I commended the Presi the search for negotiated settlement, this The qualities of dedication and love of coun dent on his choice. General Chapman becemes even more important. Marine units try cannot be questioned. They have been had a distinguished record in the Pacific in Vietnam have increased their efforts in proven-they are being proven-in training during World War n Mid received the three decisive areas: and in combat. Legion of Merit and the Bronze Star. Blocking the incursions by North Viet The young man joining the Marine Oorps His subsequent service in Washington namese army units in the DMZ area. today is not simply fulfilling a duty of citi as the Chief of Staff of Marine Head Assisting Republic of Vietnam Armed zenship as you did. He does not enter the quarters and then as Assistant Com Forces in the destruction of the Viet Cong service of his country with the unqualified infrastructure. support and admiration of the community. mandant of the Marine Corps was And, the continuance of the Marine Corps Bombarded by anti-military dialogue, and marked by the general's particular flair Civic Action Program, encouraging and as presented daily examples of evasion of obli for organization and management. sisting the Vietnamese civilians in their ef gation, his enlistment or induction is not a Recently Col. William Mccahill of the forts of self-help. popular act of conformity. It is an act of U.S. Marine Corps Reserve called my at Last year, when I had the pleasure of faith. An act of faith, ladies and gentlemen, tention to a speech delivered last month being with you in Washington, I gave you in you and me, and all the other generations a similar report on Marine operations in of Marines who have gone before him. by General Chapman on the occasion Vietnam. I wanted to make the report as He certainly harbors no illusions. He has of the annual military conference of the comprehensive as possible, so I centered it a ringside seat at the contest of polemics. He Marine Corps Reserve Officers' Associa around the single most important part of hears the virtues of patriotism, duty, service tion in Detroit. our Corps today: the young marine. to country, honor among fellowmen, and General Chapman's remarks con I knew that you would be most interested courage in the face of danger rendered sus in that young marine and how he approaches pect as to value, and modified in meaning cerned the nature of our fighting men his duty, so I based my remarks on his spirit. by a generous application of turnabout sta in Vietnam, and I commend the speech I compared his spirit with the spirit of the tistics and reasoning. He hears the Armed to the attention of our colleagues: marines of World War II, and of those who Forces of the United States termed •·the cult REMARKS BY GENERAL C8APMAN fought the war in Korea. Perhaps it was an of the gun," and sees these forces painted as Thank you, Genera.I Weinstein, Fellow Ma unfair comparison. tools of aggression, oppression, a nd expan rines: The young men who chose to serve as sion of self-seeking opportunists. And some I would like to extend my personal well marines from the beginning of World War II of this is presented to him from very strange done to you, Leland, for the leadership you right up to and including the Cuban count quarters, quarters built on a foundation of have displayed in guiding this association down of 1962-63, chose to do so under an en credibility and respect. over the past year. tirely different set of circumstances. Those He further observes a nation, a free nation, And to you, General McMath, my con young men-and I am speaking of you, ma now tiring of war and its expense, question gratulations upon your assumption of the rines-all came to the Corps for different all forms of preparedness and defense. On presidency this evening. I would like to add personal reasons, but you all shared a feel one hand he hears men of other nations my confidence to the vote of this fine organi ing of the duty-of-citizenship to serve. So make clear statements of intent to meet us zation. I know that your executive leader do the young marines of today. But I think in nuclear war, and on the other hand he ship will continue the tradition of excellence you will all agree that duty-of-citizenship listens to our internal debate as to the need established by your predecessors. was an inviolable virtue in those days. Being for a safegua.rd ABM system. I am especially pleased to be with you a marine in the United States automatically And there is no question abowt what he again, this year. I feel the pleasure of being put a man on a pedestal. Being an officer will do as a Marine. He knows that almost with comrades-the warmth of communica of marines raised that pedestal even higher. one third of our active duty Marine Corps is tion without the need for too many words. You deserved that elevated position. You in Vietnam. He knows where he is needed. But I do have some words for you. came to a small, elite corps of professionals, For a young American who offers his abili rioh in the traditions of courage and sacri ties and leadership as a Marine officer, the First, I want to state that the efforts of road is even tougher. I know you are aware the Marine Corps Reserve over this past year fice in its service to its country. In two wars you filled out its strength matched its pro of the problems faced by the Marine Corps have continued to be outstanding. As I in officer recruitment. You know how most stated before the Senate Committee on fessionalism, and raised it to new heights. In less than a quarter of a century your genera of you came into the Marine Corps. For years Armed Services earlier this year: "In terms we have depended upon recruiting on col of training, organization, and preparations tion earned more honors in battle than your predecessors had in the previous 165 years. lege campuses to provide nearly 85 percent for mobilization, our ground reserve ls at the of all new Marine officers. This gave our corps highest state of readiness in history." When we tea.ch today's recruits of the ex ploits of Marines at Tripoli, in the Boxer a valuable cross section of educated young I would like to add that we have kept ma Americans. Young leaders from every part of terial readiness abreast of training readiness. Rebellion, and even in the fields of France they are impressed, they regard these tradi this nation brought fresh sk11ls, and fresh Equipment for the 4th Marine Division and ideas to our corps. Their influence was im the units supporting the 4th Division/ Wing tions as high and holy things--but they don't actually relate themselves to those portant not only to the young Marines they Team is on hand or identified for priority commanded, but to us, the senior career offi procurement. men. Tell them of Guadalcanal, Tarawa, Iwo Jima, Inchon, the Chosin Reservoir, and even cers who commanded them. The status of the 4th Marine Aircraft Wing Now, the anti-military activities at some is a. different story. Not because of any lack the _early days of the perimeter around colleges have gained such recognition by of effort on the part of the Marines of that Guantanamo Bay, and they will react. These school officials, the Marine Corps has had unit; but due to continued equipment defi traditions they understand. By choice, it is to seriously curtail on-campus recruiting. ciencies in the capabilities, obsolescence and your footsteps in which they follow. At some colleges, the anti-military efforts number of its jet aircraft and helicopters. There is a myth afloat, that the Marine have taken the form of physical obstruotlon To alleviate these shortages, we are assign Oorps builds men. You know this is not true. of legitimate Marine officer selection teams. ing UH-34 helicopters to the 4th Wing as The Marine Corps offers the wor.J(shop, the On other campuses, college administrators they become available from the active wings, tools, and some interested guidance, but the have displayed a lack of cooperation, failing June 26, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17581 to make available adequate time and central are marines. That, reinforced by what they or even a marine, he was in his junior year locations to Marine recruiters. find in that country. at a large university. Because of this continuing difficulty we I think they find their inspiration in the He liked college, even though it was tight have opened a program to offer the oppor gentle people who have fled the terror of the financially. But with his wife working full tunity of officer candidate school to a number Viet Cong to resettle in new areas, build new time, and his own part time job, they were of young men who have completed two years homes, fairm new lands. I think they find it in able to make it. And he was getting good of college. We are primarily aiming this pro the courage a.nd determination of the Viet grades. gram to those who have completed a junior namese soldiers fighting beside them, who He first watched the war and the draft college program. won't quit after long years of bitter struggle. with an outsider's eye, it hardly affected him. Now I know that a great many of you re The Marine Corps holds precious its his With good grades, his deferment was a thing ceived your commissions under a similar pro tory of service to the people of the United of certainty. gram. But during World War II and the States. Our flag carries the streamers of all Then, the demonstrations started. war in Korea, there was a definite shortage the major wars in which Americans have Unless you were specifically interested, the of men who had completed four years of col fought. With great pride, we review the rec demonstrations were easy to avoid. You just lege. This is not the case today. ord of courage and sacrifice of marines who walked around them. But one day, as he But let me assure you we have not low earned those battle honors. Our flag bears walked around, someone handed him a tract, ered any of the basic standards for service the streamer of the war in Vietnam, too. he read it. The words disturbed him and now as a Marine officer. We still require the same That streamer, like the others, was earned he had to think. The next time he ran into a qualities of intelligence and leadership that by the courage and sacrifice of marines to group gathered around one of the known we have always demanded in commissioned day. Americans of this generation have speakers, he stopped and listened. That Marine leaders. But such a program does mean earned this honor. And these marines have bothered him even more. He asked some ques that young officers commissioned with less added a new battlefield virtue to those of tions, and before he knew it, he was debating. than a full degree, and who later apply and courage and sacrifice. They have added the That night he and his wife talked it over, are selected for retention, wlll have to be virtue of compassion. and they made a decision. given the opportunity to complete their edu I could present examples of what our young Degraff left school and enlisted. He did well cation. marines are doing in Vietnam by reading in recruit training, and when he graduated All of this hasn't meant an end to col some of the many citations which have ac from boot camp, an officer spoke to him lege graduates continuing to seek service as companied decorations awarded in this war. about the possibility of officer candidate Marine officers. Like the young men who I could point out the courage and stubborn school. He explained to the officer that he just willingly take their places in the ranks as faith of Khe-sanh. And to prove compassion, didn't have time. He wanted to fulfill his enlisted Marines; these young men continue I could recite endless deeds of marines build obligation and get back to college. to offer their education, skills, and leader ing schools, adopting entire orphanages, and In Vietnam, he joined a squad as a rifleman. ship. the fantastic medical care given Vietnamese When he left the squad he was a corporal, This situa,tion has created something of a civilians by our Navy doctors and corpsmen. and had commanded it through countless new relationship betwe~n the young marine But I think these many acts of courage, patrols and engagements. While he was in officers and their men. Not only do they share sacrifice, and compassion loom so large that Vietnam, he was wounded twice and decor the corps, and the hardships of combat in the individual marine is sometimes lost. It ated once. Vietnam, they share a very rugged brand of is not the large acts that count so much as Corporal Degraff came back to the United self-sufficient individualism. They a.re of a the day-to-day application of these quali States a few months ago. He'll be discharged quality that will not be intimidatied. And ties. soon. joined together, they have performed mag Second Lieutenant Dodson arrived in Viet But they don't all come back, these young nificently. nam early last year. He did not come to the Americans who have chosen service. Sacrifice I did..,not intend to stand here tonight and Marine Corps from a college campus. He had joins compassion and courage as a grim real recite numbers. The young marine's per graduated from college two years before he ity. No one knows better than the Marines formance is too important to be reduced to a decided to quit his job and do something who have served in Vietnam that the casualty percentile. But I will ask you to permit me about the war in Vietnam-personally. figures match names and faces-no one ex two very graphic statistics. They are signif Upon reporting to his battalion, Lieuten cept the parents, wives, and loved ones who icant to the individual marine's attitude as ant Dodson was assigned to a company and have lost Marines. a participating citizen. placed in command of a marine rifle platoon. Recently I wrote the parents of a young Flr,st: Of all marines eligible, 74.5 per cent When he led his platoon out on patrols and Marine killed in Vietnam. As little as it was, cast their ballots in the last national elec in operations, he always made sure of two I offered my condolences. The parents an tion. things: swered my letter. I would like to read parts And although there are no figures which Each marine's rifle was spotless and in per of it to you. specifically represent the civilian oommunity, fect working order, and- It is dated April 2, 1969, and it reads: Gallup reports that only 60 .5 per cent of all Each marine was well instructed as to the "DEAR GENERAL CHAPMAN: We wish to eligible U.S. citizens voted last November. civilian situation in the area of operations. thank you for your thoughtful letter. Michael I think thes-e figures are an indicator of There were strict rules about behavior to was proud to be a Marine, and proud too, to how highly the young marine of today values ward the Vietnamese civilian. And Lieuten fight for the country he truly loved. We, his his citizenship. ant Dodson was no tougher about enforcing parents are proud too. Second: Since June of 1966, when the first the rules than any other member of that "Long before the end of his senior year, marines into Vietnam became eligible for platoon. Children were greeted with a smile, Michael planned to become a Marine. One rotation back to the United States, a total of and old people with great respect. The afternoon after class, he and two friends went 33,350 marines--offioers and enlisted-hav~ platoon knew at least enough Vietnamese to downtown where they witnessed a fl.re and a extended their Vietnam tours an ad.di tional inquire as to health, how the rice was doing, draft card-burning. All three went immedi six months. and to wish a good day. ately to the Marine office and signed up. This is what the young marine thinks of This was a rifle platoon. They had no civic That night we parents had to give our con the American effort in Vietnam. action responsibility other than the normal sent. I think this last statistic deserves some dis requirement to get along, and assist if assist "In the corps, Michael became a man--one cussion. A great deal has been said about this ance was needed and it didn't interfere with we were proud of. It is the fashion of the day war and the f,act that it is being fought by the basic mission. to criticize the United States, to refuse the professionals. Now, you and I know that all Lieutenant Dodson and his platoon got to military burden, to comfort the enemy. None marines are professionals, and the young ma know the people of Vietnam, and their con of this was true of Michael. We do not close rine's performance in Vietnam bears this cern and respect grew. Following the enemy our eyes to obvious faults of the United out. But to the unindoctrinated, the term Tet offensive of last year, ciVilian food dis States, but we think there are many more "professional" implies career-regulars. Very tribution hit a snag. One village in Lieuten few of the career-regular marines extend their virtues. ant Dodson's area was particularly short of "So we gave Mike, and we are prepared to tours in Vietnam. They don't have to. They food. The platoon located some surplus corn know they will be back in normal rotation. give our other sons, and daughters, too. At meal and it was distributed to the villagers. the same time we pray for peace. In fact, a great many of them are now serving But what could the Vietnamese do with corn a second time, and some have begun their meal? Simple, with a little American know "So, too, General, our entire family keeps third tours. The greatest majority of marines how and some graphic instruction, the you and all servicemen in their nightly who ask to stay in Vietnam an additional Vietnamese could make hushpuppies. And prayers." six months, are the young privates and cor they did, and they were delighted with them. These are the young Americans who are porals, and the lieutenants. Today, Lieutenant Dodson insists that the present day Marines. What is the quality of the performance of there are only two places in the world where These are the Marines who are bearing our these young Americans-these marines? It is really good hushpuppies are made. His own burden-preserving our freedom-containing outstanding. hometown, in Georgia; and the village of an enemy on a far-off shore. And why do these young marines perform Thon-An-Bang, in Vietnam. These are the Marines whose courage, sac so well in Vietna.m? Why do so many ask to Corporal Degraff did come to us directly rifice and compassion serve our Nation. stay? Well, it's the same reason you per from a college campus, and he was married. These are the Marines who have earned formed so well. Above everything else, they Before that young man became a corporal, our unqualified and wholehearted support. CXV-~1108--Part 13 17582 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 26, 1969 REACHING FOR THE STARS WILLIAM 0. DOUGLAS-TWO DOWN, he was giving up all outside activity, but ONE TO GO had said nothing about abiding by any re porting requirements. HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE_ [From the Washington Daily News, June 24, OF TEXAS HON. JOHN R. RARICK ' 1969) OF LOUISIANA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ASSIST BAR, JUDICIAL CONFERENCE-WARREN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, June 25, 1969 TO HELP DRAFI' RULES Tuesday, June 24, 1969 (By Dan Thomasson) Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, Retired Chief Justice Earl Warren will as the Evening Star of May 24, 1969, cites Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, now that sist the American Bar Association (ABA), the comments of Dr. Thomas 0. Paine, Earl Warren has left the U.S. Supreme and the Judicial Conference in moulding a Administrator of NASA, in comparing Court, four members of that Court have new set of ethical standards for Federal the recent flights of Venus 5 and 6 and announced that they will limit their non jurists, congressional sources said today. the Apollo 10 flight as comparable to the judicial activities, which we can hope is Within moments after the swearing-in time when the first amphibians came intended to mean that they will not be ceremony for his successor, Warren T. Bur from the sea onto land. Only time will come involved in matters which may ger, yesterday, Mr. Warren expressed to friends his continuing concern over the loss tell the significance of this anology. Yet come before their Court. of public confidence in the judicial system it causes all Americans who are interest But aging and erratic Justice William an erosion attributable largely to the out ed in the future and the direction of our O. Douglas is not prepared to accept vol side activities of former Associate Justice national space program to be concerned untary limits on his nonjudicial activ Abe Fortas and Justice William 0. Douglas. that adequate support is provided to as ities. Even retired Chief Justice Earl The Judicial Conference--under prodding sure the scientific and technological warren, whose own extrajudicial activ from Mr. Warren-adopted new standards of progress of our Nation: ities are not above reproach, moments conduct for all Federal judges except mem after leaving the Bench, attributed public bers of the Supreme Court. But it still must The editorial follows: work out the machinery to put the code into REACHING FOR THE STARS loss of confidence in the Court to Abe operation and Mr. Warren is expected to help. Fortas and Justice Douglas in equal Venus, after the sun and moon, is the ASSIST ABA brightest object in our heavens. Yet it has parts. made itself a mystery of sorts by hiding An interesting biography of Justice Mr. Warren also will help the ABA in re behind a tremendous vastness of dense vising its canons of judicial ethics this fall. Douglas which may well help explain his The ABA's house of delegates, which will clouds that never go away. Now, however, animosity toward the American people is meet in August, is expected to appoint a this nearest of our planetary neighbors, has contained in the Herald of Freedom for committee to overhaul the judicial canons become a little less mysterious because of June 27, published by Frank A. Capbell, much as a special ABA committee is already the la.test Soviet probes of its atmosphere. revising the canons which apply to practicing These probes, carried out by the Venus Zarephath, N .J. A recent news clipping and the Herald attorneys. 5 and Venus 6 spacecraft after a four-month Mr. Warren also has informed some con journey of 217 million miles, resulted in of Freedom article follow: gressional friends that he is interested in findings not yet made public. But American, [From the Washington (D.C.) Evening Star, discussing with them proposed legislation to British and other scientists have no doubt June 23, 1969) force the entire judiciary to disclose outside that their Russian conferees are right in FOUR JUSTICES To RESTRICT OUTSIDE ROLES income. saying that the new da.ta will add significant Four justi.ces of the Supreme Court now ly to what was learned in 1967 when Venus [From the Herald of Freedom, June 27, 1969) 4 and our US Mariner 5 approached the intend to give up outside compensation for planet. non-court activities, retiring Chief Justice HON. WILLIAM 0. DOUGLAS Tass has quoted Soviet scientists as de Earl Warren announced today. To worry that "the honor of the Supreme cla.ring thait the new voyages have made one In an unusual statement designed to ex Court is at stake" at this point could be com thing absolutely sure: Neither Cosmonauts plain his earlier disclosure about the question pared to worrying a.bout the loss of virginity nor Astronauts will ever set foot on Venus of justices' ethics, Warren said four of the of a seasoned prostitute. It has been non because it "ls not fit for ma.n's life." This men who will continue on the court are existent for a long time. While most of the comes as no surprise, of course. After all, prepared to limit their non-judicial activity. blame must fall on Warren, he could not the Venusian atm.osphere hias a temperature He listed them as Justices William J. Bren have ruined the reputation of the court of over 500 degrees Fa.hrenheiit, and the nan Jr., Potter Stewart, Byron R. White and alone; he had to ha.ve help from those of like planet's surface is an estun,ated 800 degTees. Thurgood Marshall. persuasiOIIl on the court. Conservatives have Nevertheless, inhospitable though it is, the This suggests that three members of the been attacking the oourt for its pro-Com place is likely to continue to be visited by high court-Hugo L. Black, William 0. munist, pro-criminal decisions, which might unmanned Soviet and American vehicles, and Douglas and John M. Harlan-are not be called "sticking to the issues" rather than some of these may be able to land there for prepared to accept formal court-imposed "indulging in personal attacks." Warren has long periods to transmit to earth a great limits on their activity. been subject to attack for his actions as volume of information. Warren last Tuesday issued a statement Chief Justice but not because of his personal To many of us, such informa..tion m.ay seem which indicated he had been rebuffed by the background. too lmpraotical, too unrelated to our every court in his desire to get the justices to com Recently, however, the persona.I conduct day lives, to warrant the dispatch of costly mit them...<-elves to the same restrictions that of two Associate Justices of the Supreme spacecraft. But this is an oversimple and had been imposed June 10 on lower federal Court has come under scrutiny and been ex narrow view. As scientists effectively argue, court judges. posed as being less than "ethical." The lib and as has been proven time and again, the The U.S. Judicial Conference, which is the erals threw one of them to the wolves, aban more man learns a.bout his environment, policy-making body for the federal judiciary doning completely Abe Fortas, the man who here on the ground and among the stars, the below the level of the Supreme Court, has only a year ago they were trying to push up more he enriches his mind in a way that can imposed a flat ban on compensation from to the top post on the Court, but they are have an immensely beneficial impact on both outside activities for judges of the district going all-out to protect William 0. Douglas himself and his world. and appeals courts, and has ordered them to whose personal conduct has been notorious Apropos of all this NASA Administrator report annually on their income. for many years and who now has been ex Dr. Thom.as 0. Paine made a particularly "Justices Brennan, Stewart, White and posed as dealing in "questionable" financial striking point on NBC's Meet the Press last Marshall individually indicated their agree activities. A possible reason for this could Sunday. Having in mind not just Apollo 10, ment in principle with the standards of be tha.t Fortas failed to "deliver" for Wolfson but also undertakings like the Venus probes, conduct adopted by the Judicial Conference while Douglas has not let his buddies down. he declared that all such ventures consititute and their intention to act accordingly." While Fortas was forced to resign from an "enormous new phase of evolution where, Previously, Marshall had been the only the Supreme Court by disclosure of his ac for the first time, man, and indeed terrestrial member of the court who had publicly indi cepting a large amount of money from the life, is moving from the surface of this planet cated he was prepared to go along with the Wolfson Family Foundation for reasons out into the solar system. Many people feel new restrictions. which he could not explain satisfactorily, that this is as significant as when the first The justice said, however, that he would Douglas's connection with the Parvin Fou;n amphibian came from the sea up onto land submit his annual financial statements to dation has been known publicly for nearly to conquer a new domain for life." his colleagues at the high court, rather than three years and he has been able to "sit it An exaggeration? A fantasy? Who can be to the agency that will be receiving such out" and at this writing plans to continue sure? We are living in an epO

June 26, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17583 has struted he has no intention of resigning Douglas was an endorser for the Commu "The first project we undertook was at from the Supreme Court. Only impeachment nist-front, The Amerioon Investors Union, Princeton, where originally ten Parvin Fel can remove him in that case and such action Inc., which had been set up to obtain proxies lowships were established. Men between the is long overdue. to harass the management of corporations. ages of 25 and 35 were brought in from The background and activities of the Par His radical pro-Red record is long. Being an Africa, the Middle East, and Asia for a year's vin F'oundation have been disclosed in the ardent "One-Worlder," he becrune Vice Pres study at the Woodrow Wilson School. .... Congressional Record and, as president, ident of the United World Federali&ts in Many of them have already moved into im Douglas must be held accountable for them. 1950, in which year he also received the Mor portant positions in their native countries, Links to gangsters and gamblers are disclosed ris Morgenstern Award of Yeshiva Univer and we are confident that over the years we in the source of the foundation's income sity. In 1952 he was given an honorary de will produce many Prime Ministers, many which has been dispensed for pro-Com gree by the New School for Social Research, Secretaries of State, many journalists, many munist purposes. Douglas is not a babe in a Marxist-oriented school in New York City. professors, all dedicated to the democratic the woods when it comes to financial ma In 1962 Douglas helped promote the anniver cause. nipulation since he made it his business to sary celebration of the leftist Women's Inter "The project at Princeton was so success become an expert in it, presumably from national League for Peace and Freedom. On ful that we decided to launch a similar one the side of the law. April 12, 1963 he sent greetings to the Com at UCLA. There we decided to take only men William 0. Douglas was born in Maine, munist-controlled N.Y. Teachers Union on and women between 25 and 35 from La tin Minnesota on October 16, 1898, the son of the occa.sion of their 27th Conference held ait America. Those who speak English in Latin William Douglas and the former Julia Bick the Hotel Americana in New York CLty. America usually come from the 'upper ford Fiske. His father was a Presbyterian The now 70-year-old Douglas raised eye crust.' We were anxious to reach lower down home missionary from Nova Scotia, Canada, brows by his penchant for an "off-with-the into the strata where the communists seem who died in 1904. After his death the family, old-and-on-with-the-new" approach to ma,r to operate most effectively. So we decided which consisted of William and one brother riage, now being involved in Marriage #4. to take only those who did not speak Eng (Arthur F.) and one sister (Martha) and his His first marriage lasted thirty yea.rs and lish. We bring them to UOLA and give them mother, settled in Yakima, Washington, produced two children, Mildred Riddle (now an intensive English language course first, where the mother had relatives. William Mrs. Frank Welles, Jr.) and William. After followed by a year of study in the operations helped to contribute to the family income, at his divorce in 1953, Douglas married Wife and institutions of the free society .... one time working as an itinerant laborer in #2, Mrs. Mercedes Hester Davidson, on De "The Parvin Foundation developed, with the fields. He was able to go to college, ob cember 15, 1954. They were divorced in 1963 the assistance of the National Association taining his B.A. degree from Whitman College and Wife #3 was 23-year-old Joan C. Martin of Broadcasters, of which Governor LeRoy in Walla Walla in 1920. After teaching Eng as of August 1963. Freed again by divorce in Collins was the head, some 80 TV films for lish and Latin in Yakima High for two years, 1966, Douglas married another 23-year-old, use in the Dominican Republic. . . . Douglas departed for New York to study law Cathleen Curran Heffernan, on July 15, 1966. "We of the Parvin Foundation have been at Columbia University. While a student His alimony payments have been cited as an very proud of these educational ventures. As there, he married a fellow high school teacher excuse for his extra-curricular financial I said before, they have already produced at Yakima H.S., Miss Mildred Riddle, on aotivi•ties. some rich dividends. And if they are con August 16, 1923. Dougl-a.s's price runs high on the lecture tinued into the future, as I hope they will At law school Douglas was particularly in circuit but he accepted a mere $350 for an be, they will drastically influence the shape terested in the study of the relation between article published in oonvicted pornographer, of things to come in the underdeveloped law and business and, so, when he graduated Ralph Ginzburg's magazine, "Av,ant Garde" nations ..... he joined the Wall Street firm of Cravath, (March 1969 issue). This was at a time when "Our foreign aid has often done good. But DeGersdorff, Swaine and Wood to "study the Ginzburg stlll had a conviction appeal pend if the tides of communism are to be turned facts of law and life among the natives." He ing before the Supreme Court. back, these underdeveloped nations need lectured at Columbia Law School while hold Douglas's main financial and ideological primarily dedicated leaders on the demo ing this position, and in 1927 left Wall Street indiscretion, however, would seem to be his cratic front; and it is to that end that the to become assistant professor of law at Co interlocking connections with the Parvin Foundation has directed itself." lumbia. He remained at Columbia only a Foundiation, the Center for the Study of How sincerely the Parvin Foundation and year and then, through Robert Maynard Democratic Institutions and the Inter its head, Douglas, were trying to "turn back Hutchins, then dean of law at Yale Uni American Center for Economic and Social the tides of communism" is well demon versity, became an assistant professor at Studies. strated by its activities in the Dominican Re Yale University. He moved up rapidly at Although Dougl.as's resignation as presi public. Sen. Strom Thurmond stated on the Yale, becoming associate professor within a dent of the Parvin F'oundation was an floor of the U.S. Senate on June 9, 1969: year, a full professor by 1931, and in 1932 nounced May 23, 1969, he had been associ "Today I would like to point out how cer was appointed to the chair of Sterling Pro ated with it for ten years, seven years as a tain of his (Douglas's) activities in the past fessor of Law. Douglas did more than just paid employee. As of the time he resigned in connection with the Parvin Foundation teach others, however; he went out of his way the other directors were Robert F. Goheen, have led to international repercussions. Jus to learn a great deal himself. president of Princeton University; Dr. Robert tice Douglas has taken an active part in the He was an expert on bankruptcy and was M. Hutchins, president of the Center for the so-called Inter-American Center for Eco a special adviser in a New York City bank Study of Democratic Institutions in Santa nomic and Social Studies, an organization ruptcy investigation and for four years Barbara, Calif.; Harvey Silbert, a Los An financed by the Parvin Foundation and the carried on, in association with the U.S. De geles lawyer and an old friend of Albert Kaplan Foundation, and ultimately, the Cen partment of Commerce, bankruptcy studies Parvin; and Sidney Davis, a New York law tral Intelligence Agency... . . for the Yale Institute of Human Relations. yer. The new president and a director of the "The organization to which I refer went He was also secretary of a committee study foundation is Fred Warn.er Neal, a professor out of existence 2 or 3 years ago, but not ing business of the Federal courts and in 1934 of international relations and government at before its activities at least indirectly had directed a study of protective committees by the Claremont Graduate School in Clare helped to foment the revolutionary situation the Securities and Exchange Commission. mont, Calif. Professor Neail is a former con in the Dominican Republic in 1963, and For the next two years he held hearings, sultant for the Center for the· Study of Dem which necessitated the intervention of the examined records and investigated those ocratic Institutions, and a consultant in U.S. Marines to save that country from Com committees which are formed when busi Russian affairs to the State Department. munist takeover. nesses fail. In 1936 Douglas was appointed a Douglas is also a vice president and con "Justice Douglas became a board mem member of the S.E.C. and in 1937 became its sultant for the Center for the Study of Dem ber of the Inter-American Center for Eco chairman. He conducted conferences and ocratic Institutions which the Parvin Foun nomic and Social Studies because of his of studies which led to a reorganization of the dation has helped to finance. fice as president of the Parvin Foundation. Stock Exchange. The operations of the Parvin Foundation The history of this Inter-American Center is In March 1939 President Roosevelt nomi were explained by Douglas in a letter dated most curious. It began under the name of the nated Douglas for the position of Associate October 31, 1966 to Chief Justice warren. Institute of International Labor Research, Justice of the Supreme Court and he was This was at the time his connection with whose chairman was the notorious Socialist, confirmed by the Senate and took his seat the foundation had first been questioned Norman Thomas. April 17, 1939, replacing Louis D. Brandeis and exposed. The letter stated in part: "This institute originally began in Costa who was extremely happy with his successor, "The formation of the Foundation goes Rica as a training school for leftwing radi and who reportedly stated to Douglas, "I back to the Walter E. Edge Lectures which cals under the tutelage of such leftist Latin wanted you here in my place." The Demo I delivered at Princeton in 1960. They were politicians as Juan Bosch and Jose Figueres. crats eyed Douglas for high government jobs, published by the Princeton University Press "The institute was organized by one Sacha even President and Vice-President, but he in a book entitled 'America Challenged.' Al Volman, a naturalized U.S. citizen from Ru seemed content to remain on the Supreme bert Parvin of Los Angeles rea.d the book, mania, with a long history of radical organiz Court. His contribution to the disrepute in and it apparently put together in his mind ing activities. Shortly after 1960, the CIA be which the Court now finds itself is by no some ideas he had had for combatting the gan to channel nearly $1 million into this in means small. In 100 decisions, involving Com forces of communism at a world level. He stitute... munists, his voting was pro-Communist in decided to form a Foundation directed to "Shortly after this period, the institute 97 of the cases. that end ..... moved to the Dominican Republic, when 17584 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 26, 1969 Juan Bosch came into power, and changed acquired the Fremont Hotel and Casino in POSTAL DIVORCE its name to the Inter-American Center of Las Vegas, Levinson was given a five-year Economic and Social Studies. . .. the Inter contract to manage it at a salary of $100,000 American Center then Joined with the Par per year. The article by Clark Mollenhoff HON. JOE SKUBITZ vin Foundation and the National Associa statet: OF KANSAS tion of Broadcasters in a program to fight il "Senator Curtis has called attention to as literacy in the Dominican Republic." early as 1967 magazine reports that identified IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Juan Bosch not only did not "turn back Levinson, Benjamin Sigelbaum, and Edward Wednesday, June 25, 1969 the tides of communism," he opened the Torres, all Las Vegas gambling figures, have doors for the return of Communists. After been serving as 'fronts' for the Cose. Nostra Mr. SKUBITZ. Mr. Speaker, one of the seven months of Bosch's placing of notorious mobsters in Las Vegas and have been deliv outstanding editorial writers in the mid Communists in important posts in his gov ering millions of dollars to Meyer Lansky, west is Clyde M. Reed of Parsons, Kans ernment, the Dominican Army, led by Gen the man who handles Cosa Nostra financial as. Of course there are times when we eral Wessin y Wessin, staged a bloodless re matters in Miami. do not see eye-to-eye on all subjects- volt on Sept. 25, 1963 and expelled Bosch "Reports made to Congress in the last particularly when Mr. Reed takes the from the country. Sacha Volman had to hide week allege that Albert Parvin, the 69-years Congressman from the Fifth District to out for several days before he was able to old originator of the Parvin Foundation, has escape from the country. Oen. Wessin y Wes been a long-time associate of such syndicate task. sln testified before the Senate Internal Se gambling figures as Frank Costello, Meyer Several recent editorials by Mr. Reed curity Subcommittee concerning the Inter Lansky, and the late Benjamin (Bugsy) in the Parsons Sun have shown great American Center for Economic and Social Siegel." insight into some of the important issues Studies ( CIDES) : In its article on the Mob (Coss. Nostra or and occurrences of our times. I feel that "Mr. SOURWINE. Now, you spoke of 40 Com Mafia), Life magazine states: these editorials offer valuable, construc munist indoctrination centers operating in "The true bonanza the Mob has struck in tive criticisms and I would like to share the Dominican Republic under Juan Bosch. legitimate business ls 'sklmming'--diverting them with my colleagues. Did these centers operate openly as a Com a portion of cash receipts off the top to avoid I therefore insert these editorials into munist operation? taxes. . . . The biggest skim yet discovered "General WESSIN. Openly. took place in the legalized gambling casi the RECORD at this point: "Mr. SOURWINE. Did they display Commu nos of Las Vegas from 1960 to 1965 .... [From the Parsons Sun (Kans.} , nist banners or signs? Some $12 million a year was skimmed for June 9, 1969] "General WESSIN. One of these schools gangsters in Just six Las Vegas casinos: the POSTAL DIVORCE located on Caracas Street No. 54 displayed the Fremont, the Sands, the Flamingo, the A former Chicago pOSltmaster has advanced Soviet flag .... It was the red flag with the Horseshoe, the Desert Inn and the Stardust." a suggestion on the nation's postal dilemma hammer and sickle. The "skim" is carried in cash by couriers that appears to make a great deal of sense. "Mr. SoURWINE. Now, do you know where to the man who handles the finances of the The real problem in postal delays and defi these centers were operated? You name the Mafia, Meyer Lansky, in Miami, who diverts cits, said Harry H. Semrow, is what he po location of one. Can you tell us where others it for political and other pay-offs and "bo litely terms "industrial mail." Others view were? nuses" as ~11 as to numbered accounts in t.t with less reverence and call it Junk mail. "General WEssm. In the school Padre Vil Swiss banks. According to the Life article "The letter cattier has become a walking Unl Ca.Ile-Mercedes. This building, in tpite Communism as well as crime is involved: general store," Semrow asserted, "delivering of the fact that it belonged to the Govern "(Sylvain) Ferdmann took over both the soap, cereal, tooth paste, razor blades and ment, was turned over to the Communist transcontinental and transatlantic bag other things." Dato Pagan Perdomo to install a school of routes for most of the next two years. His On the way to the carrier, the mail has be political science. contacts in this country were bizarre in come burdened by industry's "heavy out "There was another one, which went un cluding functionaries and members of the pouring of parcels, advertising gimmicks, der the initials of CIDES located in the farm, Communist party in New York and a man magazines, catalogs and so forth." As a re or Flnca. Jaina Moza.. In this school, the who had big financial dealings with the sult, the postal system has been "crushed" teachers were, among the others, Juan Czech delegation to the United Nations. The and the letter carrier's back "virtually bro Bas<:h, Angel Miolan, and Sacha Volman." conclusion drawn by investigators-from ken." An article placed in the Congressional Ferdmann's contacts, from the fact that the Accordingly, Semrow would limit the pos Record by Hon. John M. Ashbrook indicates International Credit Bank has strong ties tal system to the delivery of first class, air, that the Internal Revenue Service also with Communist countries and from the fact special delivery and registered mail, news doubts the ttated purpose of the Parvin that his bag was stuffed with money both papers, and Western Union telegrams. Foundation and believes "that in fact the going and coming-was that there was a flow A private shipping corporation, organized Albert Parvin Foundation might possibly be of Communist money coming back through along the lines suggested by President Nixon a screen for vast money-manipulation and the skimming conduit." for the entire system, would handle the bulk influence-peddling in the high places." The Ed Levinson was a director of one of the deliveries on a separa.te and independent article states further: banks through which the Mob's money basis. Time is not a critical element, since "Skolnick in his suit described Albert moved to Switzerland as well as operator of a great deal of the Junk mail winds up in Parvin as an 'unsavory' character, who had one of its chief "skimming" operations, the the wastebasket anyway. what Skolnick described as a 'criminal rec Fremont, now owned by Parvin-Dohrmann, This is perhaps the best idea yet. The ord' in Chicago. He documented four cases but still operated by Levinson. Meyer Lansky, postofflce--and the nation-should be saved involving Parvin and members of the Parvin the Mob's "financial genius," was born in from the junk mail boys. Divorcement would family ranging from 1925 through 1959, in Poland in 1902 and came to New York with not automatically end all postofflce prob which Albert, Jack and Bernard Parvin were his parents from Poland in 1911. His family lems, but would provide an opportunity to had formerly lived in Czarist Russia and were work them out free of crisis created largely charged with being receivers of stolen prop reported to have been Bolsheviks who fled erty . ... They were never convicted.... by the flood of useless mail turned loose from Russia to avoid prosecution. Lansky's on homes and businesses alike. "He listed 'among the hoodlums connected real name is Maier Suchowljansky. The post with the (Parvin) foundation:' he holds with the Mafia was formerly held "(1) Marcus Lipsky, a 'g3.ngster and spe by Arnold R :.thstein who was murdered in [From the Parsons (Kans.) Sun, Jan. 17, cialist in multiple murders. He master 1928. 1969] minded the Capone mob's post-war invasion This is quite a sordid backdrop for the LAST HURRAH of the $18 million dollar-a-year Dallas, Texas Parvin Foundation of whose activities As It's almost as if the Warren court wanted rackets.' sociate Justice Douglas seems to be so proud. one last hurrah before the chief justice goes "(2) Edward Levinson, 'who has a con Douglas is flirting with impeachment now into retirement to prove its critics correct. tract with Parvin Dohrmann Company, in and has done so in tbe past. One of his most So it deliberately, it seems, picked out a terlocked company connected with Parvin notorious acts was the granting of a stay highly controversial issue which gets into Foundation, and who is connected with (3) of execution for convicted atom spies, Julius the separation of powers, fundamental in John (Jack) Pullman, crime syndicate and Ethel Rosenberg. Douglas did this on American government, over a relatively minor "banker."' his own after the court had adjourned, and case. "And, (4) Harry A. Goldmann . .." a special session of the court had to be For when the United States Supreme Court Levinson, according to an article placed called to overturn the stay. As head of the Monday decided that the House had no power in the Congressional Record by Rep. Dur Parvin Founda,tion Douglas employed a to deny Adam Clayton Powell his seat in ward G. Hall, is the key figure who has been Soviet economist, N. N. Inozemtsev, as his March, 1967, it ruled on a point which no involved tn the Parvin-Dohrmann Corp., consultant. The Supreme Court would take longer was in contention. The Harlem con activities, as well as the notorious Bobby a giant step toward rehabilitation if it could gressman was re-elected last year and ls back Baker case. In 1966, when Parvin-Dohrmann rid itself of Douglas. in Congress, duly seated, now. June 26, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17585 Only one member of the court, Justice The prime rate went to 7.5 per cent in however, use negotiation tactics as an aug Potter Stewart, had the good sense to dissent March, and Kennedy said then he thought mentation feature of our drive for water from the majority opinion and point out there would be no more increases. pollution abatement. However, whenever and that the court should refrain "from deciding If he cared to do so, of course, Kennedy wherever the facts warrant it, enforcement the novel, difflcult and delicate constitu could do something about interest rates be proceedings will be had as provided by stat tional questions which the case presented cause a secretary of the Treasury is not with ute. I wish to c.tate to you that a.II present at its inception." out clout should he choose to use it. enforcement conferences will be continued Whtie the court headed by Chief Justice Merely to forecast the trend of interest until they result in successful conclusions. Earl Warren has been lambasted for going rates, and be wrong at that, is hardly enough I would appreciate the help of this great far afield on social issues, history miay record for an official in his shoes, but the nation newspaper and all other news media. in it was doing only what sluggish legislative apparently is stuck with that narrow con achieving the final results for the success bodies had not done. cept from a man who may prove to be one ful water pollution abatement campaign. In other words, the retrospective view of of Mr. Nixon's least glittering cabinet Sincerely yours, school desegregation, equal rights in public choices. CARLL. KLEIN, transportation and other far-reaching issues Assistant Secretary, Water Quality and decided by the Warren court is one tempered Research. by time. WATER POLLUTION Even its excursion into state legislative reapportionment can be defended upon the grounds that the legislatures themselves long HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI had ignored their own state constitutions by QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS, 1969, 230 failing to keep abreast of crucial population OF ll.LINOIS DISTRICT, NEW YORK movements. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES And the court's more recent preoccupation Wednesday, June 25, 1969 with the rights of individuals has its merits, HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM although it has tended to go too far in ignor Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the OF NEW YORK ing the rights of society at large in compari Honorable Carl L. Klein, Assistant Sec son to those of the criminal as an individual. retary of the Interior for Water Quality IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES But why, one must rise to ask, should the Wednesday, June 25, 1969 court go out of its way to raise thorny issues, and Research, was the subject of an stir the animals in Congress and generally article in the New York Times of May 17, Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, I am arouse sleeping dogs in a case which, to all 1969. The article was syndicated in news pleased to provide for the RECORD the intents and purposes, already had been papers across the country. It was in results of the opinion survey I recently settled? , serted into the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD of conducted among my constituents by Judicial mischief, even in the cloistered May 26, 1969, by the gentleman from the mail questionnaire. Questionnaires were chambers of the highest court, must have 14th District of California. sent to more than 90,000 families with been at work. Earl Warren, controversial man The article suffers from a serious de that he has been, certainly could hiave chosen registered voting members in the 23d a more fitting farewell for himself. ficiency in that it clearly implies Mr. District of New York, which I represent. Klein does not intend to use all legal I invite readers of the ~ECORD to draw NO'l'HING CHANGED remedies at his disposal to abate water their own conclusions and impressions President Nixon knows better than anyone pollution. This is not the case; in fact, from these results. I do want, however, to else what Gov. Nelson A. Rockefeller has been Mr. Klein's position is far different, as observe that this profile of public views going through in South America, because the he expressed clearly to that newspaper has been highly informative and useful chief executive had the same experiences in a letter of May 21, 1969. to me, and that I greatly appreciate the when he visited the area as vice president The text of his letter follows: during the Eisenhower years. time and thought invested by the thou Nothing has changed, and it is futile to MAY 21, 1969. sands of my constituents who completed blame the trouble on the Communists, DEAR MR. OAKES: I noted with interest your and returned questionnaires. Castro or related influences. They are only article in the May 18 issue and an editorial Results of the questionnaire follow: of May 21, 1969, in regard to my efforts to taking advantage of conditions made to order QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS, 1969, 23D DISTRICT, for them. augment the conference program by using personal contact in attempting to settle pol NEW YORK What is wrong in South America is what [Answers in percent] was wrong a decade and more ago. Corrupt, lution problems and get results. oppressive governments still are in power, for In the first instance, I have not abandoned Vietnam: Do you believe the Vietnam con the most part military Juntas which have the formal enforcement conference. You flict can and should be brought to a satis little concern for the masses. The continent's should have received notice on the Hudson factory conclusion by- high birth rate is outdistancing the ability River Enforcement Conference on June 18 M111tary victory ______22. 6 of its primitive economy to feed, clothe and and 19, in New York City by the time this letter reaches you. You will undoubtedly Negotiated settlement______58. 5 house the oncoming millions. Exploitation Unilateral American withdrawaL _____ 27. 4 and inflation are rife. shortly hear of the reconvening of the Merri North American attempts to help have mack River and Lake Erie Conferences. The (Results total more than 100 percent be been misdirected, with aid falling into the future udoubtedly holds a number of such cause some respondents checked more than wrong hands. Washington's efforts are largely other conferences. one alternative.) beamed to preventing revolution in nations But, in order to expedite and get results as soon as possible, I am personally giving a 2. Unsolicited credit cards: Many banks where revolution is essential if the lot of the and companies send out credit cards to peo people in general is to be improved. helping hand to the enforcement division of the Federal Water Pollution Control Admin ple who have not asked for them. Do you It is no surprise therefore that Rockefeller, feel this practice . should be stopped? more of a. symbol of Yankee imperialism than istration in cooperation with the Commis sioner, David Dominick, and the Assistant Mr. Nixon was as vice president because of his Yes------83.3 family's long connection with Standard Oil, Commissioner for Enforcement, Mr. Murray No------7.9 has been greeted with far more jeers than Stein. The results have been apparent im Undecided or no response______8. 8 cheers and radical elements have capitalized mediately: A statement of anti-pollution policy from United States Steel Company 3. Racial equality: Do you feel government on widespread misery to spearhead violent efforts to assure full racial equality should protests. several weeks ago culminated long negotia tions and will undoubtedly be a help in the be-- The same may be true for still other visi fight for industrial waste pollution abate tors from the North as long as the basic fac ment; the State of Missouri has agreed to Increased ------45.9 tors remain as they a.re, and there is nothing hold its own conferences to update the 1982 KeptDecreased about ------·------the same ______13.733. l in sight to indicate Washington has the an date accepted by my predecessor for second swers any more than it has had them for ary treatment on the Mississippi and No response------7.4 two decades or more. Missouri Rivers and has scheduled the first 4. Consumer protection: Do you feel gov hearing for June 13; discussions on the Mem ernment efforts to provide protection for POOR PROPHET phis situation with local authorities re consumers should be-- The secretary of the Treasury, Mr. Ken sulted in plans for early construction of a nedy, says he doesn't think another increase primary sewage treatment plant; informal Increased ------87.6 Decreased ------.8 in the prime interest rate is in the works. talks with St. Charles, Missouri have led to Kept about the same______8. 9 New York banks hiked the rate to a rec implementation for both primary and No response ______2.7 ord 8.5 per cent last week, increasing the secondary treatment plants where the issue price of money to nearly all borrowers. was stalled before. 5. National priorities: If the Vietnam war But the secretary doesn't qualify as an ex I realize that not all situations can be re is ended, what should be given greatest pert on the subjects, although he should be. solved by this type of negotiation. I shall, added prioricy? 17586 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 26, 1969

Crime------29.9 one person can live alone, because everyone State Water Resources Control Board's rec Antipoverty programs ______20.3 in the country, in the world, depends on ommendation of a flat ban on DDT. Tax cuts ______15.6 everyone else. · "There is no regulatory control of the in Education ------11. 5 My country is beautiful. Honestly, I could dustrial sources of pesticides to discourage Pollution controL ______11. 4 not say it is the most beautiful country, either accidental s·pilla.ge or wastage to Defense ------3.3 beoause I've never been to a different one! sewers due to routine operating practices" Urban mass transportation______. 7 Have you ever been on a farm at sunset, the state water agency pointed out. "The Space exploration______. 7 No response ______6.7 seeing cows grazing in the field, and purple number of pesticide processing facilities is mountains in th,e distance? That sight is not large, and inspection work could be as prettier than any pioture. signed to the state's regional water quality 6. ABM missile system: How much, if any, Do you know who made America like this? control boards," the report suggested. of our national resources would you be will People who wanted to see America progress. But over the long haul, the water board ing to see devoted to an anti-ballistic-mis All credit should go to the people of the past. observed, what is needed is not policing of sile system? I'm proud of this country because it is mine such industrial activities, but "a program No ABM system ______41. 0 and I appreciate the freedom it gives me. to appraise alternative materials to be used Thin ABM system-$5 to $10 billion __ 20. 0 I hereby pledge my word of honor that the in place of DDT and to insure that their use Thick ABM system-$50 billion or thoughts expressed in this essay are my own would not have adverse environmental more------11. 1 and written by myself. effects." Undecided or no response ______28. 0 I am 11 years old and in the &th grade in So massive has the impact of even a simple Evans Park School. breakdown in sewage disposal become in the 7. Anti-poverty: Everyone seems to agree Bay Area, that such episodes, as well as the that our welfare programs are not working steady contamination of water resources with properly, and need reform. What do you feel deadly poisons, have become a first-rank should be done to improve the welfare problem. Time was when there were fewer situation? SAN FRANCISCO BAY POLLUTION people to create the problems and fewer peo More job training programs ______69.7 THREAT ple to be affected by them, so the old-fash Provide birth control help to welfare ioned methods of improvising, or waiting recipients who want it______64. 4 until the problem a.rose and became serious, Provide more free food and food stamps HON. DON EDWARDS would still get us through a critical period. for the hungry ______61.8 This is no longer true. Today we must Institute a negative income tax system_ 43. 0 OF CALIFORNIA come up with advance information that will Decrease welfare benefits under current IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tell the public exaotly what the consequences programs------22.2 Wednesday, June 25, 1969 of each of its actions will be long before Provide child allowances for all fam- that action creates a problem. This means ilies ------13. 9 Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. greater care, greaiter preparation, and study Increase welfare benefits under current Speaker, the continuing problems of San of long-range considerations whenever man programs ------7.0 Francisco Bay pollution were under kind takes a major step to do anything. It is the price we pay for our massive (Results total more than 100 percent be scored recently by two events which population explosion, and unless we learn to cause respondents were invited to check pointed out the seriousness of the bay's control and clean up our own environment, more than one alternative.) pollution. One of these events was the man's normal living activities and not the 8. USS Pueblo: Considering the facts re breakdown of the San Francisco sewage "bomb" may become the greatest threat of all vealed in recent investigations of the cap treatment plant and the second was a to human survival. ture of the USS Pueblo by North Korea, do report from the State water resources The question today is actually that of how you feel Captain Bucher and his crew should much has to happen before the American or should not be blamed for violating the control board that DDT has appeared in people realize what massive threats air and military code of conduct? all municipal waste water plant efflu water pollution alone already have become. Should be blamed ______6.9 ent tested. Should not be blamed ______84.3 The problems were well described in Undecided or no response______8. 8 an editorial in the Thursday, June 19, 1969, Argus of Hayward, Calif. I include SACRED HEART REHABILITATION that editorial in the RECORD for the in HOSPITAL, 75TH ANNIVERSARY formation of Congressmen, as follows: AMERICA THE BEAUTIFUL AND THE BAY POLLUTION THREAT WHY I LOVE IT Two specific demonstrations of whait seri HON. CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI ous damage water pollution means in this OF WISCONSIN Bay Area have appeared in just these past IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. MARTIN B. McKNEALLY few days. One demonstration was the sec OF NEW YORK ond breakdown in San Francisco's sewage Wednesday, June 25, 1969 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES treatment system, which allowed raw sewage Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr. Speaker, it was again to flood into the Bay. Wednesday, June 25, 1969 Since an earlier break in the sewage dis my privilege recently to participate in Mr. McKNEALLY. Mr. Speaker, under posal line led to contamination of beaches ceremonies marking the 75th anniver leave to extend my remarks in the and tidewater areas of the Bay, more than sary of the Sacred Heart Rehabilitation RECORD, I am pleased to include the fol 200 million gallons of untreated human, in Hospital in my home district of Milwau dustrial and hospital wastes have spewed into kee. lowing essay by Miss Beth Robinson, a Islais Creek slough, according to the San fifth grade student at the Evans Park In a time when we too often take for Francisco Regional Water Quality Control granted the dedicated public service of School in Pearl River, N.Y. Miss Robin Board. Meanwhile, the contamination of San son is 11 years of age, and her essay is Francisco Bay-Delta by "non-degradable pes hospitals throughout our Nation it was entitled, "America the Beautiful and ticides," such as DDT, has continued especially appropriate to be reminded of Why I Love It." It is encouraging to note unabated. their importance in our lives. that the flame of patriotism has not been Only a few days prior to the first San In the words of the hospital chaplain, Francisco sewage disposal breakdown, the the Reverend Ray Wawiorka: completely extinguished and that it still State Water Resources Control Board issued exists in the hearts of some of our young a statement in Sacramento pointing out that Hospitals were once looked upon as places people. Miss Robinson eloquently ex "agriculture is not the only source of pesti for patients whose chances of recovery had cides" contaminating the state's water re all but slipped away. Now, people go to hos presses her love of country. pitals to live. They have become centers of The essay follows: sources. A study by the state agency of mu nicipal and industrial waste discharges in hope where professional skills, medicines, AMERICA THE BEAUTIFUL AND WHY I LOVE IT the 12-county Bay-Delta area showed these diagnostic aids and equipment are concen (By Miss Beth Robinson.) non-agricultural discharges "contribute an trated to increase and hasten chances of I love America because of the people. amount equal to roughly one-half the agri recovery. People who help you whenever you need cultural pesticide input to Central Valley The truth of those words is demon help. Did you ever thi.rik that people depend rivers." strated most effectively by the Francis on each other? In America, we wouldn't have As a matter of chilling fact, the state study electricity, unless men built power plants to showed that "pesticides appeared in all mu can Sisters who founded this outstanding gether. We wouldn't have meat, unless there nicipal waste water plant effluent sampled hospital three-quarters of a century ago were oowboys that worked together. We and the heaviest concentrations appeared in and who have staffed it since. They and wouldn't even have schools, unless there the systems serving industries producing or the entire lay staff deserve the praise and were teachers willing to give their time. No distributing pesticides." This fact led to the thanks of Milwaukee's citizens. Worthy June 26, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17587 of special recognition, however, is Sister Time marches on and with it come more 1. To recommend to both of the respective Marie Albert, O.S.F., major superior, and changes. Scientific knowledge and new drugs boards guidelines for the orderly develop Sister Frances Ackeret, O.S.F., adminis also radically changed the therapy and the ment to 1975 of rehabilitation facilities and care of the mentally lll by reducing the re services for the physically disabled. trator. quirements for inpatient hospital stay. 2. To coordinate the factfinding of UCS It is, in fact, the tested performance of Again the Sisters of St. Francis and the di and HAPC during the study. hospitals such as Sacred Heart and the rectors of Sacred Heart Sanitarium recog 3. To de·velop a working relationshiip with ever-growing demands made on them in nized that there was need for a change. In the proper groups to implement the guide our urban population centers which re 1965, a. consultation was had with the Hos lines. affirms me in my position regarding the pital Area Planning Committee on the com For our study, the technical advisory com need for a recording of funds distrib munity need for hospital specializing in to mittee, composed primarily of professionals tal rehabilitation. experienced in rehiabilitaition services, was uted under the Hill-Burton Act. By October, 1965, Sacred Heart Rehabilita established with the following duties: All of these considerations were em tion Center was incorporated. 1. Professional advice on the scope of the phasized by the speakers during the cere By July, 1967, the remodeling of the entire study and details of the study plan. monies at Sacred Heart, including the plant and equipment was instituted. This was 2. To assist in interpreting the study to Very Reverend William E. Cousins, arch completed in June, 1968, and the facility was appropriiate professional groups. bishop of Milwaukee. Particularly inspir completely reorganized by October, 1968, un 3. To bring professional viewpoints into ing and enlightening in this regard was der the able direction of Administrator Sis consideration and interpretation of the fac the main address of the evening by Dr. ter Frances Ackert and a medical staff tual material. headed by Dr. Preston Thottlas. Thus, we As a guideline to our study, the definition Roman E. Galasinski, a member of the have a third functional change of the same of rehabilitation which was used was the hospital's medical advisory council and institution. one taken from the U.S. Public Health Serv one of Milwaukee's most distinguished Now a favorable corporate image is more i<:e, and is as follows: "Rehabilitation is the physicians. than just bricks and mortar and even a process of restoring the disabled to optimum Because of its pertinence I would like pretty face at a reception desk. The image of physical, mental, social, vocrutional and eco to share Dr. Galasinski's address with my hospitals, particularly, has changed dramati nomic usefulness. The process provides serv cally. Two score and fifteen years ago hospi ices for the handicap beyond those available colleagues and insert it in the RECORD at from his own resources. Rehabilitation calls this point: tals were considered the places of last refuge and sometimes even the institutions associ for a long range planning in action utilizing SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS, IMAGE AND CHANGE ated with death. Today, the hospital image is a broad spectrum of medical, psychological, (Dr. Roman E. Galasinski) completely different. It is now the home of vocational and educational services coordi hope, recovery, reconstitution and re nated and integrated into specific programs Anniversaries are like birthdays! Sponta designed to meet individual needs." In the neously nostalgic memories of the times are hablli tation. Sacred Heart Sanitarium certainly must be vernacu1ar this means restoring a disabled usually associated with the births of institu individual to the fulfillment of such capac tions like those of individuals. Often, then, credited with the remarkable adaptation. During these 75 years it has changed function ities and usefulness to himself and to his one hears the expression-"Remember community as his disability will permit be when?" Well-75 years-is quite a while ago, three ways and yet has at all times enjoyed cause of limited functions or in another so I inquired of some who lived that long ago. a remarkable image. An image that has been sense, restore to an individual his dignity and In researching the memories of my 90 year one of prestige-not only in the local com his feeling of usefulness to himself, his old father and an 80 year old friend I am munity but an image of excellent national family and his community. told that there was a building at the present reputation. Now reputations of institutions Now rehabilitation through the years has site which was at the intersection of Railroad like those of individuals have to be built. gone through an evolutionary and almost Street and Layton Boulevard. The area had Such reputations must be built on conserva wild fields around it. West of Layton Boule revolutionary process in many respe<:ts. It tism and prudence and yet with a progessive has broadened in scope the many refinements vard were gravel pits and to the south were adaptation to the ecology of the times and in terms of the disciplines it embraces, and vast celery fields. In the vicinity to the east the growth of years. An image such as enter was a horse race track and a fairgrounds and in terms of the volume and kinds of people tained by Sacred Heart must also be based it might serve. This revolutionary process the first Milwaukee Zoo. Those were the days on reputation for know-how, on the ability when transportation was most elegantly pro will undoubtedly continue as many areas of to give efficient, friendly and excellent serv controversy are resolved; particularly, con vided by mule-drawn cars with only two long ice. Furthermore, such a reputation can only seats. I am told that in the winter time there troversy involving differences of professional be obtained by a personnel both administra opinion on the philosophy and techniques of was straw on the floor to keep the feet warm. tive and medical which excels in the service Because sidewalks were wooden there were rehabilitation, on the organization of serv they render and, therefore, at this moment ices and on the nature of the services them jokes about taking them in for the night. It I wish to personally extend my deepest ap was in an era of this atmosphere that the selves. preciation and congratulations to the Sisters In the course of our two years study it Sisters of St. Francis completed the first of Sacred Heart of this institution who building which housed 13 patients on Decem became reasonably clear that the way in through generations of sacrifice and dedica which services are organized, may be at least ber 23, 1893. tion to service through man and to God have It is further reported that the cost of this as important as the services themselves from rightfully established an image which has the standpoint of the individual patient, the building was $130,000 and it was a three story shown brightly through all these years. It structure. Within less than one year it housed institution providing the services and the is also a credit to them to have surrounded community as a whole. Although there is not 80 patients. From these figures we can calcu themselves with medical staffs who because late that the per bed hospital cost in 1893 general agreement on the specific definitions of their excellence have been able to provide or terms that should be used to identify each was approximately $1,600. Contrast this cost the specific services for which a hospital is of $1,600 per bed with today's cost of ap element in the spectrum, it is reasonably created. clear that planning for a comprehensive re proximately $45,000 per hospital bed in the An indispensable ingredient in creating the construction of a new hospital. This is quite habilitation program for the physically dis new image of Sacred Heart Rehabilitation abled should include consideration of at least a change! Hospital would be an appraisal of its future Surviving finan<:ial difficulties and a small the following elements: place and growth in its new field. Permit 1. Medical examination, diagnosis, pre pox epidemic which forced temporary closure, me, therefore, to dwell upon what we mean the Sanitarium was re-opened in 1900. It scription, treatment and followup, including slowly developed into a multi-purpose health by rehabilitation and where and how re medical supervision an.ct medical dire<:tion of center which gradually acquired a national habilitation will fit into our program of ther para-medi<:al services. reputation for excellence in the care and apy as of today. 2. Comprehensive rehabilitation evaluation treatment of illnesses including heart, As you know, a study of rehabilitation and counselling for ea<:h patient and assess stomach and nervous disorders. facilities and needs was made in the four ment of each individual's total situation ini Gradually the care of mentally ill patients county area of Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Wau tiated soon after medical diagnosis and aimed was also provided as psychology and psy.. kesha, and Washington Counties. This study at the developme:µt of a program plan for chiatry developed in the treatment of these took almost two years and w.as completed treatment and rehabilitation services for the illnesses. Thus, with the expansion and ad in 1968. individual that is d.esigned to meet his total vance of knowledge in mental and nervous The facilities selected for the study were needs. disorders, a hospital which primarily devel the twenty-five short term general hospitals This element should indude assignment oped on concept of hydrotherapy with a spa in the area and also the following six ~ddi of responsibility for implementation and co like atmosphere and reputation,. Sacred tional facilities: Curative Workshop, DePaul ordination on the program for each patient. Heart transformed into a hospital for mental Rehabilitation Hospital, Goodwill Industries, 3. In-patient rehabilitation-nursing care. and nervous disorders by 1912. Jewish Vocational Services, Milwaukee 4. Physical therapy. In 1915, the Sisters of Sacred Heart in County Rehabilitation Hospital, Unit II, and 5. Occupational therapy. stituted one of the early schools of nursing Sacred Heart Rehabilitation Hospital. 6. Speech services. which lead to the present Alverno College The Joint UCS-HAPC Study Committee 7. Hearing services. with its excellent school of nursing. had the following basic purposes: 8. Vision services. 17588 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 26, 1969 9. Psychological services, including testing adequacy of public and private transporta attacked very frequently, the ABM system and interpretation therapy and counselling. tion, ease of ingress and egress, other en was even assailed in the newscast on Presi 10. Social service, including casework, vironmental factors and social as well as phys dent Eisenhower's death. TV quiz programs counselling and therapy. ical accessibility to the population to be and TV shows are loaded with ABM oppo 11. Vocational evaluation, the specific de served. nents. One of the favorite gadgets in what termination of an individual's potential for It may seem that I have burdened you seems to be leading toward a TV "blitz" work for useful endeavor or vocation training with unnecessary details of our study. How against defensive missiles is to emphasize and helpful placement. ever, these are the guidelines set up for our their cost and follow this immediately with 12. Vocational training, such as, teaching community. Because I look forward to Sacred the need for funds for domestic poverty of the skllls required for a vocation, perhaps, Heart Rehab1litation Hospital to serve a key programs. including academic preparation. role in this program I take the courage to This cacophony has reached such a pitch 13. Vocational placement, such as, provid admonish you to refer to the report as your that in Foreign Affairs magazine D. A. Bren ing employment opportunity. "Bible." Within this report are answers to nan has spoken of lopsided reporting which 14. Sheltered employment--remunerative almost every question that may arise in your causes lopsided thinking. Columnist William employment for individuals as a part of immediate and long-range planning. In such S. White has not criticized the Press but has training prior to placement and/or for those planning, I have found, you must be intro charged that the anti-ABM lobby is operat disabled persons unable to compete in the spective, objective, and rejective. Reality ing "one of the most richly financed prop open labor market. must prevail over idealistic inclination almost aganda campaigns in recent history." It is most important to remember that re to the point of brutality in your analytical News reporting on the new "Safeguard" habilitation is only a part of the larger con programming for the future. The planning missiles has almost entirely by-passed the cept of total health and should be viewed in must be positive! And you at Sacred Heart simple fact that--at the very worst-they terms of its relationship to that concept will have to develop this new concept and are better than no defense missiles at all. rather than as an entity unto itself. character for your institution. The Press Ethics Committee, on the basis At the conclusion of our study, we made But, after all, you have had 75 years ex of a volume of press reports and TV-casts, the following recommendations relative to perience. You have demonstrated how to warns the public that its safety seems en community organization: maintain a growing, wonderful image in spite dangered by the increasingly one-sided and "By 1975, a total of not less than two or of changing your function three times, with virulent reporting against a missile defense more than four community rehabilitation in this almost three scores. I take this priv from the new Soviet aggressive rockets. centers should be developed to provide com ilege to encourage you to continue with the We urge each American to be alert to this prehensive rehabilitation projects to the excellent service you have rendered in the dangerous propaganda barrage and to ponder physically disabled in Milwaukee, Ozaukee, past and also to remind you that as a Re any favorable, as well as adverse, reports re Washington, and Waukesha Counties. Fur habill tation Hospital you are only one year specting the proposed anti-Soviet rocket de thermore, each community rehabilitation old! As community awareness develops and fense system. center should include in its orbit at least rehabilitation becomes more and more a part Americans should keep in mlnd that--on the following: of total health care-you ..,ill again grow in the basis of full information-the present 1. One general hospital that operates an another pioneer field of health. Republican President and his predecessor, a inpatient rehabilitation nursing unit and We salute you for success on your 75th Democratic President, have both recom that provides for comprehensive evaluation anniversary and pray your wonderful image mended a missile defense against new offen and counselling services. will continue to glow in the future as Sacred sive missiles in the hands of Communist 2. One facility (which may be the hos Heart Rehabilitation Hospital. regimes. pital in No. 1 proceeding) that accepts re sponsibility for co-ordinating the total com munity rehabllitation center. HOOVER ACCEPTS CHALLENGE 3. All of the other short term general hos THE PUBLIC SHOULD BEWARE OF pitals serving substantially the same popu HIGHLY FINANCED ANTI-ABM lation group as that served by the com HON. H. R. GROSS munity rehabilitation center. PROPAGANDA OF IOWA 4. One or more facilities providing each type of rehabilitation service for inpatient HON. AL VIN E. O'KONSKI IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and for out-patient to substantially the same Wednesday, June 25, 1969 population group. OF WISCONSIN 5. One coordinated home care program. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, the recent 6. An organized education program for revelation that the Federal Bureau of professional and non-professional manpower. Wednesday, June 25, 1969 Investigation had a wiretap on the tele 7. An organized research and demonstra Mr. O'KONSKI. Mr. Speaker, I am phones of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., tion program." deeply disturbed at the huge amount of Our study also made this recommendation: resulted in predictable and pious bleats "to the extent that incorporation of the money that is being spent on the anti of horror from the liberal establishment, entire range of rehabilltation services in a ABM propaganda. coupled with demands for the resigna single facility or on a single site is not fea Congress has a responsibilty to investi tion of FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover. sible, we recommend: gate the source of the funds that are Those who have attempted to pillory 1. The number of different facilities on financing one of the costliest propaganda this faithful and courageous public serv different sites providing rehabilitation serv campaigns in the history of our Nation. ant belatedly discovered that it was not ices for each community rehabilitation center The Press Ethics Committee issued a Mr. Hoover but the late Attorney Gen should be kept to a necessary minimum. very significant statement on Friday, 2. Each facility of the center should be eral Robert F. Kennedy who authorized readily accessible to the population to be June 20, which should be read by every this wiretap. served and to every other facility of that American. Try as they might, these critics can center. Mr. Speaker, I include this statement no longer ignore either this fact or the 3. Services within a single facility should by the Press Ethics Committee as a part reason for this surveillance. It has be grouped with careful consideration of the of my remarks: created an interesting situation and one common needs of many patients-the degree PREss ETHICS COMMITTEE STATEMENT, JUNE which, in my opinion, is set forth clearly of interaction of personnel working in diverse 20, 1969 in an article by Clark Mollenhoff in the services and the relationship of the rehabili News reporting against the ABM defense Des Moines Register of June 23. tation program to other health programs in missile system for the U.S.A. has been so I include the article at this point for the area. one-sided that the right of 200 mlllion Amer insertion in the RECORD: As to the distribution of the facilities we icans to be defended has been largely ig ma.de the following recommendations: nored. HOOVER ACCEPTS CHALLENGE 1. Community rehabilitation centers Typical of the extreme media attacks (By Clark Mollenhoff) should be developed for each geographic seg against minimal U.S. defense from the new WASHINGTON, D.C.-A bitter dispute over ment of the total metropolitan area that it Soviet 25 megaton war-heads is the follow FBI wiretapping has marred the image of is likely to have a broad enough patient load ing from the Washington Post of April 15, the late Dr. Martin Luther King, and is mov to support a broad rehabilitation program. 1969: ing in a direction that could seriously dam 2. The coordination unit of the commu "It is still far too small to knock out more age the Kennedy charisma. with mllltant nity rehabilitation center and as many of than one (U.S.) ICBM site. minority groups. the other units as possible should be devel "It is instead a large war-head designed The dispute also brought the first direct oped as close to the center of the population to destroy large 'soft' targets-such as challenge to FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover by they are intended to serve. cities-in other words a second strike weap two former attorneys general, Nicholas Kat 3. Planning for the development of com on, and that is all." zenbach and Ramsey Clark. munity rehabilitation centers should take On the Huntley-Brinkley TV-show, where Katzenbach declared that a Hoover ver into account a natural geographic barrier, the proposed anti-missile defense has been sion of the wiretapping chronology was false. June 26, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17589 Ramsey Clark denied any knowledge of the a Communist or a tool of the Communist King, and make its own determination as to wiretapping of Dr. King and declared that Party. whether there was justification for the "na Hoover should retire as director of the FBI. President Nixon told his press conference tional security" surveillance. This controversy has set the stage for last week that he has examined the evidence As that picture emerges, the public will Hoover to release more information to con from the FBI files and the statements of also be permitted to examine the posture of gress on the wiretap, to defend his own posi the FBI director, and that Hoover enjoys his a number of public figures-the late Presi tion. "complete confidence." dent John F. Kennedy, Senator Kennedy, The whole flap started less than two weeks President Nixon says he has had no dis former President Lyndon B. Johnson-to ago with the testimony of an FBI agent in cussions about the possibility of naming a determine the extent of the personal knowl Houston, Tex., admitting a wiretap on the successor to Hoover, and he has put his stamp edge of Dr. King's activities as well as their telephone of the assassinated Nobel Prize of approval on using legal wiretapping as public postures with regard to Dr. King as winner, Dr. King. provided in the omnibus crime bill of 1968 in a political force in the period from 1961 The conversation that was overheard was a "sparing" but "effective" manner. · until his tragic death in April, 1968. an innocuous bit of discussion between Dr. The whole flurry over the wire-tapping was King and former heavyweight champion touched off by Carl R. Rowan, a Negro colum Muhammad Ali (Cassius Clay), who has been nist, who last Sunday had expressed his out indicted and convicted on a charge of failing rage at the fact that Hoover had permitted "SOUNDS OF SUMMER"-AN OUT to report for the draft term. eavesdropping on the telephone conversa STANDING PROGRAM FEATURING SHOWED RECORDS tions of Dr. King. Rowan quoted former Atty. Gen. Clark as BOSTON POPS ORCHESTRA AND The Justice Department was required to saying that he knew of no authority to wire MRS. JOAN KENNEDY make available all records of eavesdropping tap or bug Dr. King, and he noted that Clark on Ali to demonstrate in the federal court has said that "The implication that people that none of these taps had resulted in in thought Dr. King was a security threat is HON. TORBERT H. MACDONALD formation that led to the indictment of Clay outrageous." OF MASSACHUSETTS on the draft evasion charge. Rowan indicated that he too believed it IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES But, before the week was out the eaves was outrageous to raise questions of "na dropping on Dr. King had resulted in a bit tional security" in connection with Dr. Wednesday, June 25, 1969 ter confrontation between Hoover and the King's activity, and he declared that "Hoover Mr. MACDONALD of Massachusetts. friends and political heirs of the late Sen ought to be replaced as FBI director-im ator Robert F. Kennedy. mediately." Mr. Speaker, last week the Subcommit There was still debate about whether the That Rowan column irritated Clyde A. tee on Communications and Power of the FBI or the then Atty. Gen. Kennedy initiated Tolson, associate FBI director and a former Interstate and Foreign Commerce Com the wiretap on Dr. King in October, 1963. Cedar Rapids, Ia., man. Although Tolson, mittee, of which I have the privilege to Among the chief contentions were: 69, has usually stayed out of the spotlight be chairman, heard testimony from offi 1. Dr. King was engaged in a continued as in his 41 years in the FBI, he wrote an sociation with a New York lawyer and a cials from the Corporation for Public angry letter to Rowan and the Washington Broadcasting in support of passage of Negro leader who were regarded by Hoover Star calling Rowan\l column a "malicious and the Justice Department as Communist article." H.R. 4212 and H.R. 7737, which I intro Party members or tools of the Communist duced. Party. ADVANCE APPROVAL In his testimony Mr. John Macy, presi 2. This association continued into 1963, "For your information, the wiretap on Martin Luther King, jr., was specifically ap dent of the corporation, outlined the and was a source of great concern to Ken present record of this nonprofit entity es nedy, Hoover, and other officials of the fed proved in advance in writing by the late eral government. Atty. Gen. Robert F. Kennedy. This device tablished by Congress, and mentioned a 3. A decision was made by Kennedy that was strictly in the field of internal security, current series of programs called "Sounds this represented such a potential threat to and, therefore, was within the provisions laid of Summer." Under a grant from the cor the internal security of the United States down by the then President of the United poration, this series of eighteen 2-hour that he should authorize the FBI to engage States." programs is broadcast simultaneously to in direct electronic surveillance of Dr. King. That short paragraph was the first official verification that "national security" was the public television stations throughout the 4. The FBI continued electronic surveil country. Produced by National Educa lance of Dr. King up to his assassination in official reason for the surveillance of King, April, 1968, under a Johnson administration and it was the first written verification that tional Television-NET-with produc that had stated publicly that all wire-tap Kennedy had given written approval. tion grants from the corporation and the ping had been stopped in 1965 except those A day later, Hoover, in an interview with Ford Foundation, the series brings re cases the administration believed essential a Washington Star reporter, went into more gional musical and cultural festivals to in the interests of national security. detail, and made the assertion that Ken the attention of Americans who would Senator Edward M. Kennedy (Dem., nedy had not only approved the wiretap on not otherwise have an opportunity to see Mass.), the heir to the Kennedy political Dr. King, .but had initiated it. The signature of "Robert F. Kennedy" and hear them. fortunes, has remained silent throughout One of the best examples of the effec the entire controversy over whether his was on the approval, Hoover said. A memo brother did or did not initiate the surveil randum from Courtney Evans, a close tiveness of this type of television program lance. Senator Edward Kennedy, with his friend of Kennedy and the justice depart was the "Sounds of Summer" perform politica.I eye set on 1972, was avoiding any ment liaison to the FBI, showed Kennedy ance last Sunday which featured the Bos clash with Hoover, whose public image has initiated the King wiretap. ton Pops Orchestra, conducted by Mr. been stronger than the Kennedy image and Although the contents of the memos have Arthur Fiedler. over a much longer period of time. not been made public, they were made avail A highlight of this program was the The defense of Robert Kennedy was left able to Jeremiah O'Leary, the Washington Star repor:er. He was not permitted to quote performance of "Peter and the Wolf," to Katzenbach, who was deputy attorney with narration by Mrs. Joan Kennedy, general and attorney general, during much of directly from the documents, but was allowed the period when Dr. King's telephone was to verify that they contained the informa the wife of the senior Senator from the being tapped. tion Hoover said they did. Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Critics With the political heat on the subject, it have applauded Mrs. Kennedy's narra KNEW NOTHING is regarded as inevitable that the Nixon ad tion and have commended her grasp of The first time he was asked about the FBI ministration will make these documents the mood of the piece and how well her statement that Dr. King's telephone was available to members of the Senate or House tapped, Katzenbach said he know nothing or at least to some committees that would words meshed with the music. at all about it. have jurisdiction to examine the wiretapping Mr. Speaker, I insert at this point in A day later, Katzenbach told the Washing practices. the RECORD an article from the New York ton Post that there was such a wire-tap on The actual contents of the wiretapping Times of June 24, 1969, by Jack Gould, Dr. King "personally authorized" by Ken logs kept on the years of Dr. King's surveil commenting on the "Sounds of Summer" nedy. He added: "But to say or imply that lance are still secret, but it is possible that program last Sunday: this tap was the original conception of all or parts of those records will become TV: NET'S "SoUNDS OF SUMMER" OFFERS Robert Kennedy ... is false." available to the public in various trials and DIVERSITY The Post stated that Katzenbach and hearings as the government is required to other Kennedy team members at Justice con show that they are not related to indict (By Jack Gould) tend that the attorney general approved the ments or convictions. In "The Sounds of Summer," which is be tap on King only after- the FBI had urged As each of these records becomes available, ing shown from 8 to 10 o'clock on Sunday him to "over and over ·and over again" be the public will be able to put together more evenings over National Educational Television cause the FBI believed Dr. King was either of the pieces of the life and activities of Dr. on Channel 13, the Corporation for Public 17590 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 26, 1969 Broadcasting and the Ford Foundation are LEARNING DISABil.ITIES-PART 3: all may supply the clue for directing our presenting a most distinotively refreshing CHn..DREN WITH MINIMAL BRAIN attention to brain dysfunction. For specific show of the vacation period. DYSFUNCTION data our evaluation may then be directed to The two organizations are tapping the the following areas: availability of a diversity of musical attrac (I) Performance and Intelligence: A scor tions that normally would not find their way able development and intelligence analysis HON. ROMAN C. PUCINSKI such as the Gesell Scale is of value. Scale (1) to network television and making the ensu OF ILLINOIS ing pleasures available to the larger TV audi is of value. ence. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (II) Language Evaluation: Delayed lan Surely, one of the continuing communica Wednesday, June 25, 1969 guage development is usually noted in the tions functions of public broadcasting is to history. In addition, if the examiner must overcome the geographical barriers to an ap Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, it has ask the child to repeat himself in order to preciation of the cultural resources that are been estimated that there are more than understand the patient's speech, an evalua in our midst but so often may be confined to 5 million children with learning disabil tion has to be made using any available only a single city. ities in our schools throughout the Na articulation and auditory discrimination Sunday night's two-hour presentation was scale or a speech diagnostic evaluation. tion. These are children who are not Language also may be evaluated by parts of a specially happy example of the rewards. as Admittedly, public broadcasting could not otherwise classified handicapped. But, the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities miss with the first part of the program. It for varying reasons, they are unable to (2) in children from age 3 to 8. We note offered a delayed tape of Old Timers Night learn as other children do. deficiencies in auditory sequencing skills or at the Boston Pops, with the ageless Arthur The means of determining children in recalling placement of visual objeots in Fiedler, the conductor, showing his heels to with learning disabilities and distin sequence. Receptive language difficulties may the likes of Leonard Bernstein and Lawrence guishing them from children who are be picked up by the vocal encoding section Welk when it comes to making a concert a handicapped is a perplexing and difficult and other sections as well of the ITPA. fun occasion. For older children, it is important to note assignment for teachers and parents. both expressive and receptive speech prob The opening selection had Mrs. Joan Ken Following is an article written by Dr. nedy, the wife of Senator Edward M. Kennedy lems in addition to articulation difficulties. of Massachusetts, acquitting herself hand Eugene Schwalb for the Journal of Among those things to be noted are word somely as narrator of "Peter and the Wolf." Learning Disabilities of April 1969 on the discrimination, sound blending, sound mean She had an intuitive grasp of the feeling of subject of detecting learning disabilities ing and word meaning. We find it most use her lines, was lovely to look at and she in children from their earliest stages of ful to employ an oral reading test such as flawlessly meshed her words with the en development: the Gilmore or any other reading tests. We semble. listen to the child read aloud and record CHILD WITH BRAIN DYSFUNCTION errors such as the following: The Boston Pops has been so long and Criteria and tests used on which to base (a) phonetic or unphonetic sounding out Justly praised that postscripts at this late the diagnosis of Brain Dysfunction are con of unfamiliar words date can only qualify as redundancy. But sidered. This diagnosis has neurodevelop (b) errors involving directional confu this does not detract from renewed admira mental and educational aspects which are sion, particularly reversals, as was-saw, big tion for Mr. Fiedler's zest in using the Bos related to specific classroom procedures. The ton ensemble to achieve an entente of gaiety dig practice and theory of new education and not (c) substituting words with similar mean between the orchestra and the audience. remediation are discussed. ing in a story Characteristically, he made "The Little PART I-DIAGNOSIS (d) perserverating on certain words, par Brown Jug" sound like practically a new ticularly at the end of sentences and before number and had the audience singing to Brain dysfunction, or minimal brain dam age (MBD), or minimal brain dysfunction, the start of the next sentence "Margie," "Pal of My Heart," "Shine on Har ( e) holding the paper at a 90 degree angle, vest Moon," "When Irish Eyes Are Smiling" refers to children who primarily have be or upside down and "After the Ball is Over." havior and learning problems. We are not (f) difficulty staying on the line The spirit of the Boston Pops is wholly here dealing with structural abnormalities Reading or language retardation is present contagious, and why Mr. Fiedler has not been such as are found in brain tumors or in cere when a school child is reading two grades a TV fixture defies understanding. In hearing bral- vascular anomalies. In fact, children below his mental age. This is the general the depths and resonance that an accom with the latter disorders usually do not have school cut-off point for retention in class. plished orchestra has to bring to even the brain dysfunction. An MBD diagnosis has (III) R-L Orientation: The child's ability most familiar tunes is in itself exciting musi both a medical and an educational aspect in to organize his spatial environment is meas cal education, one that could be carried for that the findings must be related to specific ured by a series of objective and subjective ward to more demanding classical works. The classroom procedures. tests, crossing over commands, sleep posi Boston Pops easily could be a bridge between The MBD diagnosis is based on a behavioral tions, nail polishing, preferred direction of the symphony world and the mass of video symptom complex consisting of hyperactivity, lateral gaze, etc. (2) land; and why not? impulsivity, short attention span, persevera (IV) Soft Motor Signs: Our examination The second portion of Sunday night's tion, and five other major characteristics: searches for the soft neurological signs which "Sounds of Summer" was altogether differ ( 1) near normal, normal or above normal correspond to major cerebral palsy abnormal ent, a tape of the May premiere of Peter IQ ities, a soft neurological scale has been pub Mennin's cantata "Pied Piper of Hamelin" (2) specific learning problems such as vis lished (2). The following are most common: with the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra ual perceptual problems, poor auditory dis (a) Coordination. Poor coordination is de under the direction of Max Rudolf, a huge crimination, etc. lineated by the child's manipulation of his children's chorus and Cyril Ritchard as nar (3) memory problems; basioally, these chil pencil-for this requires fine motor skills. rator. dren cannot carry out a sequence of Tests such as Part One of the Frostig (3) Mr. Mennin's interpretation of the legend commands are suitable in scoring the child's difficulties. was musically always interesting and Mr. (4) mixed laterality and/or right-left These are the children who have difficulty Ritchard's narration admirably suited to the disorientation in tying shoe laces, in placing straws in nar occasion. Let the musicologists assess the ( 5) coordination problems, particularly in row neck bottles, etc. cantata per se; for the downtrodden video task'S requiring fine and rapid motor co (b) Choreiform movements: Abrupt, short addict it was pure elixir, a magnificient an ordination muscle jerks noted when the child is asked to tidote to the likes of "Hee Haw." When such children are referred for the outstretch his hand, are also frequently help "Sounds of Summer," modestly narrated neurological examination, a modification of ful signs. These short muscle jerks may ex by Steve Allen, has not always been so lucky. the traditional format is required. We per plain the high incidence of muscle artifact Its maiden program on New Orleans jazz form a developmental analysis because asym on the electro-encephalogram noted in these often seemed cold and, except for the se metries of function or seeking the level of the children. quence with Count Basie, appeared to be a central nervous system affected by disease are (c) Neonatal Automatism: Persistence is patch-work job of editing. A week ago it not at issue. Brain injury, if it has occurred thought to be a measure of the disorganiza covered the folk festival of the Smokeys, early in development, has a good deal of time tion and the disintegration of the central taped at Gatlinburg, Tenn. The insight into to repair. Then how do we identify these nervous system. Despite the fact that the the mountain heritage of folk music had children? Combinations of impairment in range of normalcy is wide, automatic insta value but the quality of performing, while perception, conceptualization, language bility in the MBD child of six and seven probably accurate in its authenticity, came memory, attention and impulse control are and above also gives us the following perti through raspy over a TV set loudspeaker. tip-offs in the identification of the MBD nent soft signs: reflex carry-over and motor But no matter, N.E.T., the corporation and child. The history may also be of value. De impersistence-shown by the inability to per the Ford Foundation are on the prowl for velopmental lags in the motor, language and form such sustained motor activity as stick samplings of different kinds of music to behavior areas are clues as to the child's lng out the tongue. (2) flourish in summer, and theirs is an admir functioning. History of pre-maturity, ante (V) "Soft signs"-: In the sensory areas able goal. and neonatal factors, poor suck, oolic, etc., these are checked with tests for finger and June 26, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17591 tactile agnosia, tactile figure writing, posi are often seen. It is the examiner's objective To put this theory of modality-adapted tion sense testing, two-point discrimination to demarcate and delineate the problem. learning in its simplest terms, one would test, optikinetic nystagmus, auditory tune In conclusion, it must be noted again that imagine that if a child is, for any reason out test (involves ringing a bell and simul diagnosis is not a sufficient end-product. Our "blind" to print, a way would be found to taneously touching the child's hands or legs; examination is also designed to assess the read it to him. There is no evidence that this this test depends on the child's ability or child's abilities and handicaps in order to is being done except in an extremely spo inability to tune out irrelevant stimuli), and provide the educator with information re radic fashion. Yet, current technology offers the face-hand-test are useful in measuring garding the child's strengths and weaknesses a great deal that can be brought to bear on "sensory integration." (2) so that he may design an appropriate modi the problem. There is, of course, the tape The electroencephalogram: The EEG has fied curriculum with the help of such opti recording with associated text so that some not been a particularly useful tool in diag mal modifications as may be achieved medi incidental visual learning may take place. nosing brain dysfunction. Electroencephalo cally and to identify children who are And there are the other media, such as films, graphic soft signs ( excessive random slow functioning below their age capacity level recordings, and "speaking" film strips. Fully ing. prolonged response to hyperventilation, in order to prevent emotional sequelae. applied, this procedure would quite reverse occipital spiking and 6-14 positive spiking) On the basis of the descriptive diagnosis the customary learning process so that it are found in increasing frequencies but their provided, the teacher should be able to con would be the multi-media or audio-visual significance is unclear. They may represent ceptualize and implement a technique for materials on which the main line of curricu subliminal discharges and often clear with teaching each child based on the character lar development would depend, with books as motor maturity. A better way to discern a istics of the abnormal condition found. To supplementary material. This is in contrast subliminal spike is being sought. Electroen accompli&h this end, medico-psychological to the traditional pattern in which the vari cephalographic computer averaging of audi educational interdisciplinary evaluation, ous media are supplements to books. We tory click helped Barnett, et al (4) uncover consultation and therapy interweaving are would, therefore, expect to present Dr. Seuss deafness in congenital rubella in the first mandatory. on tapes, subject area information via tapes, week of life. This technique may prove to PART n-REMEDIATION even philosophy via tapes. Only in this way, be the best diagnostic test, since the MBD A recent publication on learning disabil- however, would the school genuinely achieve discharge may require the additive effect of ities tells a story about a college class in its basic function, which is to teach-to be a computer to become visible. experimental psychology that was required a channel for the effective imparting of (VI) Perception: Our next objective is to to train rats in maze running. Naturally, knowledge in whatever way the child can describe the strengths and weaknesses of some of the rats failed to learn as well as best absorb it. "perception." A perceptual profile is ob- others. Not one of the students, however, Returning now to the discussion of the tained. These skills are maturational in char- nor their instructor presumably, hypothe remedial needs of the disabled learner, ma acter and are attained by the normal child sized anything like brain injury or aphasia terial and techniques are available in abund in predictable sequence. The senses ( eyes, or even dyslexia as a cause. They "all a.s ance, almost bewilderingly so, in fact. Dr. ears, skin, etc.) receive impressions which sumed that something had been wrong with Ray Barsch's remark in reference to motor are fed to the brain. Normally, an orderly their technique." (8) This invaluable bit training at the 1968 CEC (Council for Ex sorting process takes place. Sensations are of educational lore obviously should not be ceptional Children) Convention in Boston to organized and remembered so that percep- confined to rats. Essentially, it is another the effect that "this elephant can be grabbed tion (visual-auditory, tactile, kinesthetic) way of saying that not all units of a popula by almost any feet" is true for other aspects can take place. It is an inability to sort and tion-any population-learn alike; the prob of work with these youngsters today. It screen out stimuli which is the prime diffi- lem is to find out how to meet the special should be noted that all items referred to culty in the child with brain dysfunction. needs of those that differ. in the following paragraphs are either the Tests for visual perception and visual motor The child with "minimal brain dysfunc only ones available or are those that happen coordination are the Winterhaven (5), the tion," so far as the educator is concerned, simply to lie within the writer's competence. Frostig (3) and the Bender-Gestalt. We use falls into the category of the disabled learner It should be noted that selection of ma only those parts that are pertinent to each or the child who is different. The special terial must be based on what we know about child's problems. needs of this child seem to be fourfold: the child and where we want to go with The Frostig test evaluates eye-motor co- (a) remedial techniques and materials him, as well as special alertness to what we ordination, figure background, shape con- oriented toward some bomvination of the may find out. Flexibility helps and it helps stancy, position in space and spatial relation- visual, auditory, kinesthetic and a tactile ships. The test is easily scorable and norms modalities. to forget what doesn't work. Carefully ob served, the child will himself sometimes sug are available. Auditory perception or dis- (b) medication where necessary. gest the technique that does. If a child crimination of similiar sounds may be evalu- (c) the judicious/scaling down of de- 6 closes his eyes, for example, it may be his ated by parts of the Wepman Test ( ) of mands to a point where success is possible. way of describing how he learns best at that auditory discrimination or the Pronovost- (d) material presented in such small incre moment. Dumbleton Test (7)' which is a picture type ments as to make success habitual. speech-sound discrimination test. Tests for d d To expand slightly on the diagnostic tactile and kinesthetic perception involve ob- This paper will deal with proce ures an remedial bond which is much tighter than materiaJs pertaining to the first item. ever before, it is interesting to note that in jective recognition by touch of texture, Since disabled learners with very few ex- some long-gone primordial era, two decades weight and size, and board recognition of ceptions have at least learned to speak, it ago perhaps, it was sufficie~t to check sim geometric shapes. A careful differential diag- seems possible that much more can be done ple acuity of vision and of hearing. Today's nosis is required because of the possibility of with the auditory modality than has hitherto refinements include the ITPA (Illinois Test confusing minimal brain dysfunction with been considered possible. There is never any of Psycholinguistic Abilities) (1) which the following: hesitation wi.th the legally blind. Material is ( 1) Primary adjustment reaction of child- d to provides a profile of auditory-linguistic and hood, where the etiology is family dysfunc- prepared to be read to them. Tests are rea visual-linguistic strengths and weaknesses. them and their replies are recorded and Of its twelve subtests, two are closely re tion and anxiety seems to be the primary evaluated with due regard for their special symptom, is most difficult to differentiate C lated to reading and can give valuable and from the MBD child since behavioral aber- handicap, and correc,tly so, of course. on almost instant insights into the deficit areas rations are common to both. trast this with the customary treatment of of the non-reading child, and even some the word-blind or dyslexic child, however. adults, and to suggest some of the remedial (2) Developmental dyslexia refers to child- Only in rare cases are similar procedures work that may be necessary. These are the ren who have difficulties in integrating au- utlized and one would be· hard put to ex ditory and visual stimuli despite the fact plain why. Auditory-Vocal-Sequencing sub-test for au ditory memory and the Visual-Motor-Se that they may perceive them correctly. They It is also important to note that reading to also have mixed dominance and right-left quencing sub-test for visual memory. disorientation but little motor or speech diffi- the blind is not remedial; it is a means of The latter usually correlates closely with culties. learning. It adapts material to the only other the Form Constancy or visual memory sec suitable modality, the auditory modality, and tion of the Frostig Test of Visual Perception (3) Environmental deprivation syndrome a careful distinction must be made at this involves children with behavioral symptoms (3) which, as a whole, differentiates the in school not unlike those earlier detailed. point between learning and remedial work. various problem areas in visual perception Like the blind child, the child with a learn and thus is an excellent back-up test for the A strict maternally dominated home and ing disability must still learn but because ITPA. (1) passive or absent fathers, normal perform- of the special nature of his problem, the ful An equally "primitive" notion had it that ance and low normal verbal intelligence quo- fillment of this need has been if not evaded, persistent non-reading indica.ted a need for tient, normal visual perception and no motor at least postponed until conventional or near -psychotherapy. This resulted often in rather deficits are· usually found. convent_ional reading-learning skills have well adjusted non-readers. ( 4) Developmental aphasia involves child- been establishd. Even special schools tend Diagnosticians, including psychologists, ren with brain dysfunction and with recep- to fixate too rigidly on books, or at least are increasingly concerned with motor skills tive as well as expressive difficulty. They also printed material, as the individual's chief which are, currently, for the educator as seem to have difficulty in auditory discrimi- source of informrution and intellectual s,timu well as the medical practitioner, an impor nation and differentiation. lation. This is no longer true of society at tant phase in the diagnosis of learning dis Variations and combinations of the above . · large and should be even less true. abilities. Here, the Purdue Perceptual Motor 17592 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 26, 1969 Survey (10) is an important tool. It helps use. What would make them suitable for the first healings. I would now like to bring to identify potentially poor achievers and to child with a. learning disabUity, especially the Members of the House up to date uncover problem areas such as confused di the non-reader, from the point of view of on our most recent ones. rectionality, mixed laterality, .confusion this paper, is their existence in taped form about body parts, and so on. Its scoring sys or the possibility of adapting them for tap Dr. R. T. Ravenholt, Director of the tem is not as clear or as specific as might be ing. This qualification cuts the field down Population Service for AID, appeared be desired, but it is excellent as a survey of a considerably, but the following should be fore the group on June 17. Dr. Martin child's motor skills and his training needs. taken only as examples of what is available, Forman, Director of the Nutrition and It points the way to remedial procedures as or, again, known to the author. Child Feeding Service, and Mr. George found in the work of Kephart, one of the au For the beginning reader, the Michigan Parman, Director of the Food From the thors of the survey, G. N. Getman (11), Word Attack and Comprehension Program is Sea Service, also from AID, appeared Frostig and Barsch ( 12) . worth scrutiny and can be taped easily. The June 19. A summary of their testimony As previously indicated, success is most Sullivan Programmed Series ( 17) presents a closely related to the selection of appropriate limited number of sounds in a colorful and appears below. goals and the proper sequencing of steps repetitive fashion spread over twenty-one The task force will continue to place leading to them. The perceptually handi books. It can be taped in whole or part to reports of our activities in the RECORD capped non-learner may score his first suc suit an individual clinic's special needs or a. for the benefit of any Member of the cess in tracing the outline of a triangle. The child's. Already taped is the Charles Merill House with an interest in the long-range motor-handicapped non-learner may score Skilltapes for remedial work on almost any · planning being done by the executive his first success on a walking-beam or bal level. For older children and adults an inter branch in regard to our expanding popu ance board. For the sequence of "small in esting pair of workbooks, Educators Publish crements" that might "make success ha ers Programmed Phonics presents almost the lation and its relation to hunger and our bitual" in this area, techniques and games entire phonic system needed for reading natural resources. Today's insertions suggested by era.tty ( 13) , and Avery and spelling, including syllable identification follow: Higgins (14) should prove helpful. techniques. A patient and skillful compila HEARING HIGHLIGHTS With respect to reading itself, diagnostic tion, the taped version is reported available TUESDAY, JUNE 17, 1969 instruments have not changed very much. for purchase. Harcourt, Brace & World's, Dr. R. T. Ravenholt, Director of the Popula They tend to be fairly elaborate but tell the Sound and Sense in Spelling, Grades 2-8, is tion Service. diagnostician only a little more than he al not programmed but on records with texts Members Present: Bush, Mccloskey, Pettis, ready knows, namely that a reading problem and work. exists and that certain sounds and sound Vocabulary building exercises are also Reid, Hammerschmidt. combinations are possibly somewhat more of available in abundance, but only a pro Staff From: Taft, Mosher, Vander Jagt, a problem than others but not whether they grammed series can be taped to good effect. McClory. are the crucial problems. It should be noted that the key word is "pro "It has been argued thait enlargement of In the same category are oral reading tests grammed." Material that has been pro human freedom by extens,ion of family plan which provide a somewhat more limited but grammed has been reduced to the careful, ning programs will fa.U to adequately curb still helpful profile of sound and word rec step-by-step sequence that is required for the population increase and, therefore, other ognition anomalies. The Gray Oral Reading repeated experience with success. Word Cues, a,nd even ooerci ve social measures of popula Paragraphs is the best known. Not as widely from Educational Development Laboratories, tion control are needed. This argumen,t is used as it should be is the Gilmore ( 15). is a good mustration of this type of resource largely based upon a narrow concept of what Available in two forms, soon to be four, it for the older student. constitutes a. family planning program, Some gives a measure not only of word recognition Comprehension materials are not always regard it simply a,s the provision of clinical but of comprehension as well. Since the ex as important as one would think for most of and contraceptive services; others consider aminer can help out with word recognition these children since mastery of words and the many relevant actions contributory to up to a certain point, a measure of reading word-attack skills usually opens the door to greater use of availab_le services and improved potential is thus provided. The comprehen reading for them. Brief exercises tend to be practice of family planning as an irutegral sion score then may be taken as an indica best for obvious reasons such as conveni part of an effective family planning program. tion of how well the child could comprehend ence, easy incorporation within the usually Viewed from this latter perspective, such ac if at least his word recognition were better. brief instructional periods, but also because tions as provided information and educa Basic, certainly, for the younger child's they can be quickly taped. Teachers College's, tion, raising the marriage age, rescission of remedial work is auditory discrimination Ga.tes-Peardon and McCall-Crabbs series are pronatalist laws and incentives, and repeal or training. This is now available in many all effective for the elementary grades and Uberalizati,on of abortion laws are considered forms. One kit, Sight and Sound, for ex for remedial work in general, as a.re the vari integral parts of a. comprehensive family ample, prepared under the auspices of the ous "laboratory" sets. The results of taping planning program. · Department of Health, Education and Wel them for repetitive listening before the com On the other hand, population planning fare for deaf children gives valuable tra.1ning prehension questions a.re answered will prove, and control programs are distinctive from in discrimination among the sounds char for those to whom this method is new, ex family planning programs to the extent they acteristic of the city, the farm and so forth. tremely interesting. plan or control population dynamics by Visual perceptual training is equally vital In conclusion, ea.ch of the techniques dis means other than fertility control, that is, for these youngsters. The Frostig training cussed here should be seen as pa.rt of the by manipulation of mortality or migration materials, the Michigan Visual, Symbol and process whereby educators have gained access or both. In AID, to a.void oonfusion, we usual Word Tracking Books (16), Parquetry Blocks, to one segment or another of the originally ly speak of the population and family plan puzzles and other games, commercial or undifferentiated groups of children known as ning program. teacher developed, can be used. non-learners. It has been a long process and A key judgment often heard is thait the Much of all this may be termed "under the end is certainly not yet in sight, but full implementation of family planning pro cutting." It takes the child back from the we are probably closer, at least in concept, to grams and the full exercise of fertility con ordinary level of learning letters, sounds and the day when the organization of appropriate trol by women and couples everywhere will words to more basic processes. It comes as a material will be accompanied by a prescrip fall far short of the goal of zero population great surprise to some teachers to realize tion to insure mastery by the learner in growth because aittitude studies have shown that these children do not learn and remem terms of his special ca.pa.cities. that women want too ma.ny children. But ber a word such as "the," for instance, after this judgment appears to be based upon the simply seeing it (using the visual modality) simple assumption that the composite and hearing it (using the auditory modal response of women of all reproductive ages ity). They must also write the word (kines HEARING HIGHLIGHTS and experience to survey questions such as thetic modality) and feel (tactile modality) "What do you consider the ideal number of the letters, whether made of clay, sandpaper HON. GEORGE BUSH children?" bears a close and reliable rela or whatever, before mastery is achieved, tionship to the number of children women VAKT in other words. OF TEXAS would have if they reproduced only if and However, illustrative of the increasing IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES when they wished, ea.ch month from men subtlety of work in this field is the fact that Wednesday, June 25, 1969 arche to menopause. This a.ssumption is not a variant on this process called "non-VAKT" supported by logic or definitive study. in which the visual modality is blocked, the Mr. BUSH. Mr. Speaker, the House Re Bearing and rearing children is hard work. eyes blindfolded, or at least closed in certain publican Research and Planning Com and few women have unlimited enthusiasm stages of the remedial process, has begun to mittee Task Force on Earth Resources for the task. If given the choice, each month, secure a hearing. of whether they wish to be pregnant that Word recognition, phonics, spelllng, vocab and Population has been holding hear month, many considerations other than ulti ulary building-it would be impossible even ings on present programs and planning mate family size guide their reproductive to begin to cover the variety of texts and of the administration in areas of inter behavior; and for many women postpone programs that are available at a given mo est to the task force. Last week we sub ment of pregnancy means reduction in com ment. Usually, they are designed for general mitted for the RECORD a report of our pleted family size. June 26, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17593 The current la.rge excess of births over Care, and other international agencies such has grown to a present enrollment of deaths in many developing countries has as Red Cross. In dealing with the PL 480 550 students, a complex of over 15 build caused some pessimism concerning the col surpluses, there is an emphasis on improving ings and a staff of 236 employees. Thanks lective wisdom of people individually exer the nutritional content of the food. For ex cising freedom of choice; but, on the other ample, CSM (corn soy meal), WSB (wheat to four generations of Walkers, and in hand, there appears to be a sound basis for soy blend), and various vitamin additives. particular to Dr. W. Laurens Walker, optimlsm: where in the world is there a Dr. Forman explained AID's interest in Cedar Spring is now considered to be one country wherein people truly have the free working with products which do not require of the most outstanding schools in its dom and ability to control their fertility and the creation of new markets. Cereals are field. where there is a continuing large excess use being enriched to a protein level equivalent Spartanburg County is justifiably of their reproductive powers? The pattern to that of fish or meat; and a new rice-like proud of Dr. Walker. He is a person of seems clear that in those countries where granule contains enough nutrients to sup women need not reproduce except if and ply a meal with adequate protein fortifica many dimensions---an outstanding edu when they choose (meaning they have ac tion. These projects are currently instituted cator, administrator, and philanthro cess to hindsight (abortion) as well as fore in both Peru and Thailand. pist, who has worked unselfishly and sight (contraceptive) methods of fertility From a budget of 2 million dollars, twelve tirelessly for the betterment of mankind. control), the situation is encouraging. In AID grants have been given private corpora We acknowledge with humble grati .Japan and several countries of Eastern tions in an effort to secure their assistance tude his 38 years of service to the edu Europe the net reptoduction rate has fallen in long-run research. cation and welfare of the deaf and below 1, and social concern has shifted from Mr. George Parman elaborated on the sea's blind of South Carolina, as well as his the problem of too-great reproduction to vast food potential and explained that 60 concern for the possibly too-low reproductive million tons of fish were caught last year, many contributions to the spiritual, cul rate. Certainly the high rates of abortion, a far cry from the estimated potential of tural, and economic growth and develop even where illegal, as in -the developed areas 244 million tons. ment of Spartanburg County. of Europe and the United States, and also A new product known as FPC (Fish Pro throughout the developing world, bear wit tein Concentrate), a type of flour made from ness to the determination of women in all processed fish, provides as much protein cultures to limit their reproduction. Many as fresh fish but requires none of the ex women, whose foresight, knowledge, and pensive refrigeration. FPC would enable coun AMERICAN LIVF.s LOST IN means prove inadequate to prevent concep tries like India, where 250,000 tons of sar VIETNAM tion, will pay whatever they can and risk dines dried up on beaches last year, to proc their lives to terminate pregnancies which ess those fish into an equally nutritious and they deem undesirable for reasons best known more stable product. FPC is now being tested HON. JOSEPH P. VIGORITO to them. successfully in Chile, and a report will soon OF PENNSYLVANIA Because the extent of availability of fam be published aimed at attracting private in ily planning information and means is now vestment to this newly-created FPC market. IN THE HOUSEi OF REPRESENTATIVES usually a dominant determinant in the com As an example of successful FPC processes, Wednesday, June 25, 1969 plex of forces influencing reproductive be it is being produced in Pakistan from sharks. havior, no definitive studies nor final judg The skin is removed for leather, the teeth are Mr. VIGORITO. Mr. Speaker, the ments of additional measures which may ul sold as souvenirs, and the FPC return on the Vietnam conflict touches every Ameri timately be needed to achieve a desired rate boneless fish is 95 % . can in one way or other. of population growth can be made in. ad Mr. Parman pointed out that some of the But those who are touched most in vance of the full extension of family plan private sector of the U.S. is currently making timately and most tragically are those ning services. But as family planning infor overseas investments in the shrimp industry. families who have lost a dear son, mation and services are made appropriately This activity i.s adding to the trade of the brother or husband. As in other wars, available, key impediments to optimal utili foreign countries as well as giving their zation of such services can be identified. fishing industry some of the expertise neces these families have made the supreme Thereupon research studies should be per sary to operate new and technical fishing sacrifice. formed as needed to overcome recognized equipment. On Memorial Day we paid tribute obstacles and for advancement of the pro Mr. Parmari explained that Fub-sea farm throughout the land to all Americans gram. Naturally, many nonclinical actions, ing was economically feasible with oysters lost in all wars from the Revolution to such as rational alteration of legal and fiscal and certain plants. However, to use plank the present. It was a fitting tribute. But I codes, should be taken concurrently with ton and algae as 3uman food sources is not as realistic economically as concentrating on wish today to pay more specific tribute clinical actions to enhance the eff~tiveness to those young men from my 24th Con of the population and family planning pro the fish which feed on the plankton. gram. gressional District of Pennsylvania who Regardless of what special social measures have lost their lives in Vietnam. In the may ultimately be needed for optimal regu full bloom of their manhood they went to a foreign land, fought and died. We lation of fertility, it is clear that the main TRIBUTE TO DR. W. LAURENS element initially in any population planning miss them dearly. and control program should be the exten WALKER Mr. Speaker, I am including in the sion of family planning information and RECORD the name of those soldiers whose means to all elements of the population. It seems reasonable to believe that when women HON. JAMES R. MANN death in Vietnam has been brought to my attention since I first came to Con throughout the world need reproduce only OF SOUTH CAROLINA if and when they choose, then the many gress in 1965: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES intense family and social problems generated VIETNAM WAR DEAD by unplanned, unwanted, and poorly cared Wednesday, June 25, 1969 1. Allessie, Joseph, North East. for children will be greatly ameliorated and Mr. MANN. Mr. Speaker, this Nation 2. Bailey, Larry J., Spartansburg. the now acute problem of too rapid popula 3. Baun, David E., Mercer. tion growth will be reduced to manageable owes a debt of gratitude to the many 4. Beebe, Larry, North East. proportions. fine dedicated people who devote their 5. Bennett, Joseph, Titusville. time and talents to the education of the 6. Billings, David, Lake City. HEARING HIGHLIGHTS physically handicapped. 7. Bronakoski, James, Erie. THURSDAY, JUNE 19, 1969 One such person is Dr. W. Laurens 8. Brophy, Patrick, Erie. Dr. Martin Forman, Director, Nutrition and Walker who, after 38 years of service, 9. Brown, Roger, Farrell. Child Feeding Service. will retire on June 30 as superintendent 10. Bowers, James D., Edinboro. Mr. George Pa.rman, Director, Food from the of the South Carolina School for the 11. Byers, James, Meadville. Sea Service. 12. Byham, Dan, Guys Mills. Deaf and Blind, Cedar Spring, Spartan 13. Callaghan, David, Erie. Members present: Bush, Keith, Pettis, burg County, S.C. 14. Carr, Gerald, North East. Henry Smith, Wold. The history of the Cedar Spring School 15. Cartney, Patrick, Titusville. Staff from: Taft, Fulton, Vander Jagt. and the Walker family are deeply inter 16. Chase, Raymond, Meadville. Dr. Forman stated that the ta.rget group twined. Dr. Walker is a direct descendent 1 7. Christy, Albert, Mercer. of the AID Department of Nutrition and of Rev. Newton Pinckney Walker who, 18. Coon, Jesse, Sharon. Child Feeding is pre-school children, those as a young Baptist minister, founded the 19. DeBow, Edward, Linesville. up to the age of five. Malnutrition at this 20. Dufford, Paul, West Middlesex. age usually results in the irreversible retar school in 1849 in response to the needs of 21. Edwards, Joseph, Erie. da.tion of the child's brain and• growth. five deaf children. 22. Figueroa, Michael, Springfield. The short-term programs now attacking Under the careful and capable super 23. Fla.dry, Leroy, Union City. the malnutrition problem are Food for Peace, vision of the Walker family, the school 24. Flanders, Danny, Erie. 17594 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 26, 1969 26. Forrester, Carl, Mercer. announcing that they are increasing our with this I have some very definite ideas. 26. Funelli, Richard, Farrell. interest rate to 11 % % . This reminded me As you know any fool can criticize, however, 27. George, Michael, Erie. abruptly of our previous discussion con I think that before one should criticize they 28. Good, Paul, Sharpsville. cerning economics in this country. should have a workable plan as an alterna 29. Harmon, Robert, Erie. You mentioned in your last letter that tive ready to sugges,t. My suggestion would 30. Hedglin, Miles, Grove City. since you are now several years out of col be that: Congress shoulrt pl'l...c;s a new Law 31. Henry, Leonard, Erie. lege you do not have a clear or sharp recol governing the price of gold. 'l.'his law should 32. Higgins, Merle, Jamestown. lection of your course in Economics. I am tie the price of gold to the world market 33. Hill, David, Erie. sure that if you look back, or if you were value which is the true value of the metal. 34. Hymers, Charles, Erie. to ask any college sophomore, that you The Treasury should be authorized to buy 36.Jarzenski,James,COchranton. would find that it has been a well estab gold only from domestic producers as long 36a. Julius, William, Erie. lished fact that no economy can survive as it is available. In other words they should 36. Kahler, Charles, Meadville. without gold behind its currency or govern not be permitted to buy foreign gold until 37. Kaspaul, Alfred, Fairview. ment as a stabilizing factor. The history of the domestic supply is exhausted unless or 38. Kelly, Gregory, North East. world government has proven this and it until some specific situation arises which 39. Kennedy, Thomas, Erie. has been taught in all the schools and col would make the need for additional gold im 40. Klaric, Terrence, Farrell. leges. portant to us. We should pay world gold 41. Kranonczyk, Richard, Erie. We have two great basic problems in this prices for domestic gold and about $1.00 an 42. Krupinski, Raymond, Erie. country. I am not now talking about the ounce less for foreign gold landed here. 43. Logue, John, Franklin. social problems and all the racial and col I believe that I told you in my previous 44. Martin, Ronald, Erie. lege upheavals but rather abouit basic prob letter that Goldfield Corporation, one of the 45. McNeish, Richard, Mercer. lems. These two problems are shortage of largest owners of gold producing property in 46. Millison, Dennis, Sharon. manpower and unstable currency because it this country, tried within the past two or 47. Mitchell, David, Erie. is not properly backed by gold and because three years to produce gold at the Treasury 48. Neidrick, Jack, Erie. we are unrealistically trying to buy gold in price of $35.00 an ounce using the most 49. Nelson, John, Erie. 1969 at 1935 prices. modern possible methods. It was found that 50. Nichols, Colin, Spartansburg. Just for a moment let's talk about man it was impossible to do so and they therefore 61. Niemann, David, Conneautville. power. I am sure that you feel the pinch as shut down their operation. I hope you realize 62. Norman, Gary, Erie. well as we do, since the last time I talked to that I have no axe to grind in this other 63. Parobek, Silas, Albion. you you asked me if I knew where you could than good government. I do not own stock in 64. Phillis, Donald, Titusville. get some people to join your staff. The same Goldfields or any other mining company nor 55. Powers, William, Erie. applies everywhere no one has enough help, do I own a gold mine of any kind myself. I do 66. Probst, Delmar, Erie. no one can get enough help. Every company think however that we are being very un 67. Rahn, Donald, Erie. that I know of, and I am sure you realize realistic trying to buy gold in 1969 at 1935 68. Rauber, William, Wheatland. that I know a great many, are being forced prices which were too low even for 1935. 69. Reagle, John, Titusville. to curtail their operations because they can The Republicans in Congress should get 60. Reynolds, Jack, Erie. not get enough help to expand into the new behind the increase in the price of gold in 61. Reynolds, John, Linesville. fields that are opening up. In the meantime order to bring about a stable currency and 62. Rudd, James, Meadville. we are exporting our manpower at a rate therefore a stable government. This going 63. Russo, Augustine, New Castle. that is beyond belief. We have over 100,000 off the gold standard was one of the great 64. Santone, Joseph, Erie. civilians working in Vietnam and from all frauds imposed on the American public by 66. Shaffer, William, Erie. reports that I hear they are just in the way the New Deal. We have only had one or two 66. Shields, Robert, Erie. of everyone over there and adding to the opportunities since the days of the New Deal 67. Smith, Olen, Erie. troubles of that already unhappy country. where a Republican president could reverse 68. Snell, Marc, Erie. The State Department employs at least an this serious mistake. To me it is the only way 69. Stearns, Allan, Girard. equal number of people around the world that we will get enough solid valuable cur 70. Suvara, Frank, Erie. within most offices about three people doing rency into circulation to meet the demands 71. Szoszorek, Gerald, Erie. one persons work. We have military men of a greatly expanding economy. If we do not 72. Tinko, Donald, Corry. spreed everywhere you can think of. We are take such a step as this the only alternative 73. Trypus, Frank, Meadville. supporting the military effort of former will be to print money with no backing and 74. Walter, Clifton, Erie. enemies that we defeated 25 years ago and contribute seriously to the inflationary spiral 75. Westfall, Robert, Meadville. are now well able to take care of themselves. that we are now in since the money will be 76. Vandervort, William, Erie. In the meantime we are dying for help at nothing but paper. By using the method I 77. Vaughn, John, Erie. home. Essential services like getting your . recommend every dollar will then be backed 78. Yeast, John, Edinboro. l"OOf fixed, having someone repair your oil by hard money at Fort Knox. burner, &hoveling snow, painting your house, These two problems are tightly coupled you cannot hire a plumber or an electrician together. The one on one hand drains our THE ROLE OF GOLD IN CONTRIB all these things and thousands of others are manpower reserves and creates tremendous UTING TO INTERNATIONAL MON going undone because we do not have the deficit in our balance of payments thus con ETARY STABILITY people and those people that we do have are tributing to the inflationary spiral and the not learning manual skills. We have a huge other effects that I stated above. gap between college trained people and un I would be extremely grateful if you would HON. HASTINGS KEITH skilled labor that is not being filled by give these facts your serious attention and do whatever is possible to spread the gospel. OF MASSACHUSETTS trained people simply because there are no people to train for these positions. In the Yours very truly, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES meantime all of this employment of Ameri SEVIGNY'S CANDY, INC., Wednesday, June 25, 1969 cans in foreign countries is contributing to CHARLES P. SEVIGNY, President. our deficit of payments by the money that Mr. KEITH. Mr. Speaker, the past they spend overseas which is usually equal few years have seen a deterioration of to just about their pay. confidence in the international monetary Add to the above the fact that we are not U.S.S. "PUEBLO" SEIZURE CALLED system. Compounding this problem in realistically facing the gold problem and you SOVIET SCHEME flationary pressures have eroded th~ po will find a combination of effects and side sition of the dollar, the cornerstone of effects that can easily draw us into a very bad serious situation at home while we are HON. JOHN R. RARICK world currency stability. busy trying to run the affairs of the rest of Concerned with this serious situation, OF LOUISIANA the world. This does not mean that I am an IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. Charles Sevigny, of West Hanover, isolationist because I am not. It is however Mass., has written me a series of articu my experience that governments, like people, Wednesday, June 25, 1969 late and thoughtful letters on the role like to lea.ct their own lives in their own way and they do not like to be helped until they Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, the current of gold in contributing to international issue of the Reader's Digest publishes the monetary stability. For the benefit of my ask for help. Then and only then should we colleagues in their deliberations on this offer our help and in such an instance it story of Communist Gen. Jan Sejna of should be offered on a very limited scale. In Czechoslovakia, one of the highest rank issue, I include Mr. Sevigny's latest let this way other nations become self-sufficient ter here under unanimous consent: ing officers ever to defect to the West, not rather than dependent upon us. regarding the participation of the Soviet JUNE 16, 1969. I like to use the expression "increase the Union in the hijacking of the U.S.S. Hon. HASTINGS KEITH, price of gold" rather than the negative term House Office Building, of "devalue the dollar". In my opinion the Pueblo, and the value to the enemy of Washington, D.C. Republican Party, and in fact everyone in the intelligence obtained in that venture. DEAR HASTINGS: This morning I received a government, should use the positive expres The accurate assessment of our spine notice from the South Shore National Bank sion rather than the negative. In connection less response is a matter to which we June 26, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17595 should give our serious attention. Per "We've all heard what a great communi shores to spy on our communications. But I haps our total incompetence to defend cations and command system the Americans can tell you this: we have decided to humble have. the Americans. Just as we humiliated them the U.S.S. Liberty, a similar ship, against "Well, yesterday it took Washington liter in the air by shooting down the U-2, we are Israeli attack in the Mediterranean sug ally hours to pull itself together and even going to humiliate them at sea by grabbing gested to the enemy the feasibility of begin to react. This is a precise example of one of these ships." the second operation. The obvious im how the most advanced Inilitary technology Marshal Grechko did not specify when, plication is that it is open season on cannot compensate for a lack of will and where or how the Russians expected to Americans. This cannot be tolerated. leadership." commandeer a U.S. ship. But he indicated I include the article, together with a that the seizure would be accomplished A COMMUNIST GENERAL'S STARTLING CHARGE: somewhere in the Pacific, in collaboration news clipping from the Washington with the North Koreans. The Russians, he Daily News, following my remarks: RUSSIA PLOTTED THE "PuEBLO" AFFAIR (By Gen. Jan Sejna} said, did not want to stage an incident in [From the Washington Daily News, June 23, waters which Inight involve the Warsaw Pact 1969] (NoTE.-General Jan Sejna ls one of the in a confrontation with NATO. The Black highest-ranking communists ever to defect CZECH DEFECTOR BARES DETAILS-"PuEBLO" Sea alSo had been ruled out because the to the West. Until February 1968 he was the world looked upon it as "a Russian lake"; CALLED SoVIET PLOT Czechoslovak Communist Party senior sec loss of an American ship there would not be (By Mike Miller) retary assigned to the Ministry of National sufficiently "sensational." The Pacific had A former CzechosloV'akian general who de Defense, charged with political control of been chosen because it was considered an fected to the United States said today tha.t the Czechoslovak Ministry and General Staff. American preserve. Russia planned the seizure of the U.S. intel As such, he dealt almost daily with the So As I listened to Grechko talk, it became ligence ship Pueblo and collaborated with viet marshals, generals and agents who rule apparent that the Russians were almost as North Korea in carrying it out. Eastern Europe as a Soviet colony, and was intent upon hurting the Chinese as upon Gen. Jan Sejna, writing in Reader's Digest, privy to many Inilitary and political secrets hurting the Americans. "OUr Korean com said Soviet Defense Minister Marshal Andrei of the Warsaw Pact nations. rades, of course, are not capable of carrying Grechko told him eight months prior to the During 1967 and early 1968, in the strug this off without us," Grechko said. "But we incident that Russia was going to "humiliate" gle for control of the Czechoslovak Commu will guide and protect them. This will again the United States by grabbing one of its spy nist Party, he was accused of siding with the show them that it is we, not the Chinese, ships. forces of arch-Stalinist Antonin Novotny. upon whom they can depend. They will see The defector said the Russian also indi The general contends that he represented a that we act while the Chinese simply bray cated the seizure would take place some group of politicians and young officers op and posture." where in the Pacific in collaboration with posed to hard-line Inilitary men seeking their General Josef Vosahlo, deputy minister in the North Koreans. own gain in the political intrigue that has charge of the Czech air force, asked, "Is there Gen. Sejna was the Czech Communist characterized the turmoil in Prague. Never not a danger that the American reaction Party's senior secretary assigned to the Min theless, when Novotny lost, Sejna fled to the could cause serious complications?" istry of National Defense prior to his defec United States-bringing with him a perspec "Don't worry about that," Grechko re tion in February, 1968, the month after the tive of the communist world rarely before plied. "The Americans haven't dared to block Pueblo was seized. available to the West. . ade Haiphong, because they know that our INFORMATION GAINED (The following article, the first he has re ships would shoot their way through. They leased since his flight, is excerpted from won't do anything about an incident like He said Russian generals also told Czech Sejna's forthcoming book. Much of what he this, either. We are not afraid of them, and officers foliowing the incident that "immense reports here cannot be confirmed because of that is what the whole world will see." ly valuable information" was obtained from the rarefied circles in which he moved. But Greohko's arrogance made me privately the ship, including a detailed analysis of the he has been interviewed at length by Digest want to doubt anything he said that day. deployment of U.S. Naval forces in the Pa editors, and specific references that could Still, I wondered. I had disbelieved Khrush cific. Codes obtained from the spy ship also be cross-checked have been painstakingly chev in 1961 when he secretly let us know were enabling the Russians to read previ investigated. No contradictions have been that within a few months a wall would be ously indecipherable U.S. messages which discovered.} erected to seal off West Berlin. I now also re they had recorded on tape, he wrote. I first learned in May 1967 that the Rus called a conversation I had had in March The defector quoted Gen. Grechko as say sians were planning to capture an American 1966 with Grechko's predecessor, Marshal ing: intelligence ship-eight months before the Rodion Malinovsky, a much more prudent "It ts absolutely insolent the way the USS Pueblo was seized off Korea. Some dozen man. He had confided that the Russians sus Americans sail their damn ships around as Czechoslovak and Russian generals had pected American ships of being extremely if they owned the water. gathered at the state guest villa in Prague effective in ferreting out Soviet secrets. "Their espionage ships come right up to for a luncheon honoring the Soviet defense "Mark my word," he had vowed, "we are go our shores to spy on our communications. minister, Marshal Andrei Grechko. I remem ing to do something about those ships." But I can tell you this: We have decided to ber that the meal of delicate Czechoslovak In the months following the Grechko humble the Americans. Just as we humili fish, beef soup with liver dumplings, veal luncheon, nothing related to his boasts came ated them in the air by shooting down the roulade, cream tarts and fruit was especially to my attention, and I almost forgot about U-2, we are going to humiliate them at sea excellent. Our three-hour conversation was them. Then, on the morning of January 24, by grabbing one of those ships. fueled by Italian aperitifs, Russian vodka, 1968, I received a call from the secretariat of Asked about the danger of a U.S. reaction, red and white Bulgarian wines, and some the National Defense Minister, informing me Gen. Grechko replied: "Don't worry about truly fine French cognac which we had liber that "an unusually important announce that. The Americans haven't dared to block ated from the Germans. ment" would be made at the morning brief ade Haiphong (North Vietnamese port) be Marshal Grechko, whom I had often en ing. In the ministry council chamber, Soviet cause they know that our ships would shoot countered at Warsaw Pact conferences and Colonel General Aleksandr Kushchev, the their way thru. They won't do anything about during private visits in Prague, is taciturn principal Warsaw Pact representative in an incident like this, either. We are not afraid to the point of rudeness when sober. But Prague, rose. of them, and that is what the whole world when he consumes too much vodka and "During the night we learned that, with will see." Cinzano, he becomes a belligerent, loose the collaboration of our Korean comrades, Gen. Sejna wrote that Gen. Grechko said tongued braggart. Drinking heavily that we have achieved a great success," he began. the Soviets .had ruled out a seizure in wa afternoon, he embarked on his favorite sub We all were stunned as he announced that ters where the incident might provoke a ject-the invincibility of the Soviet armed the Pueblo had been hijacked and was at the confrontation between the Warsaw Pact forces-with emphasis this time on the moment in communist custody. countries and NATO. The Black Sea was multiplying might of Russian sea power. "The entire operation went off smoothly eliminated because it was regarded as a He adinitted that the Soviet Union had incredibly smoothly," Kushchev reported. "Russian lake," but the Pacific was chosen been powerless to intervene during the "The Pueblo crew, to a man, capitulated. because it was considered an "American Cuban and Middle East crises because of the They did not fire a shot. Frankly, we thought preserve," the Czech said. supremacy of American naval forces. The re it would be much more complicated. The On Jan. 24, 1968, the morning after the fusal of Nikita Khrushchev to allot enough Americans were so bewildered that they Pueblo was seized, he quoted Soviet Colonel money to develop a powerful Soviet fleet was failed to destroy thousands of documents. It General Aleksandr Kushchev, senior Warsaw a primary reason why the Russian military will take our experts quite a while to analyze Pact representative in Prague, as telling a supported his ouster. But now Soviet naval them. We may have a gold mine. gathering of officers: strength was growing and would soon chal "We've all heard about what a great com "During the night we learned that, with lenge the Americans on all the oceans of munications and command system the Amer the collaboration of our Korean comrades, the world. icans have," Kushchev went on. "How they we have achieved a great success. The en "It is absolutely insolent the way the use computers, how they can respond in tire operation went off smoothly-incredibly Americans sail their damn ships around as stantly to an attack. Well, yesterday it took smoothly. The Pueblo crew, to a man, ca if they owned the water," Grechko declared. Washington literally hours to pull itself to pitulated. They did not fire a shot. "Their espionage ships come right up to our gether and even begin to react. This is a 17596 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 26, 1969 precise example of how the most advanced town University Hospital at the end of dom. It is truly the grave loss of a patriot, military technology cannot compensate for April. He left us a legacy of literary Christian, and scholar. Selflessly and with a lack of will and leadership." · unparalleled devotion, he dedicated his entire Kushchev bragged on about the propa works and experiences which, I have no and long adult life to the cause of a free and ganda triumph. "On the one hand, it is a doubt, we will greatly profit by as the independent Ukraine and later, through it to humiliation for the United States: we have aggressive forces in Moscow determine the preservation of the freedom and security made clear that the Americans do not rule the next round of conflict with us. of his America. Personal glory, money, even the seas anymore. On the other, this is a dis Those who knew him personally es the advantages of a marital existence were grace for China. It proves to the entire so teemed him for his rich past of diversi alien considerations to his unique and price cialist camp that the Soviet Union helped fied experience as scholar, diplomat, and less dedication. Through all the stages of his North Korea gain stature, while the loud rich and varied life-as a student, an ambas mouthed Chinese could do absolutely freedom activist. His roots were in East sador, a professor, an author, an intellectual nothing." ern Europe, and he was one of the first leader, and a staunch defender of the Faith No one in the room doubted that capture to witness the imperalistic onslaughts of he was wedded to the vital and promising of the Pueblo was a great coup. However, I the Soviet Russians into his beloved cause of a free Ukraine. and some of my fellow officers could not Ukraine. But his principles and dedica As an internationally renowned scholar, quite accept Kushchev's account of it. Accus tion to a life in the cause of world free the good and ever-witty Doctor has left the tomed as we were to Soviet propaganda ex dom, and primarily for the sustained world an invaluable legacy of books and writ aggerations, we simply could not believe that freedom of his adopted country, led him ings not as a monument to himself but to the crew had not attempted some resistance the life-giving cause that he served so bril to prevent the capture of thousands of val to the United States, for which, since liantly and incomparably. The interminable uable documen t.6. the end of World War II to the day of fears and anathema expressed by Moscow In the next few days, though other soviet his death, he defended with all his heart and its totalitarian offshoots toward his officers oonfirmed Kushchev's version. Also, I and mind as the last bastion against the works are in themselves a measure of their began to see indications that the intelligence forces of Soviet Russian imperio-colo power of ideas and spiritual force. As the information the Russians were extracting nialism. President of the world-esteemed Shevchenko from the Pueblo was immensely valuable. As other Members have, I pay lasting Scientific Society, he excelled all others in At the weekly general staff briefing on Feb his writings to defend the erection of the ruary 23, we heard an extraordinarily de tribute to this truly great man and dear, Shevchenko Memorial in our Nation's capital. tailed analysis of the deployment and opera personal friend. His wit, his insights, and His warm humanism, his breadth of knowl tions of American naval forces in the Pa his wisdom we shall sorely miss. How edge and understanding, and his Christian cific. The source was identified as the Pueblo. ever, his truths and convictions have humility are immortally imprinted in this Furthermore, we were told that, by using been transmitted by generations of stu legacy. codes found aboard the ship, the Russians dents who today are working in diverse Only relatively few might understand now were able to reach previously inde fields in the spirit of their venerable fully, but this tragedy is an irreparable loss cipherable American messages that they had In to the freedom of all the captive nations in been recording on tape. teacher. my tribute, I include the fol the USSR, and thus a heavy loss to man's I derive no pleasure in recounting this lowing in the RECORD as a humble ex struggle for freedom. American defeat and Soviet victory. I re pression of his traits and works: First, a In tribute to the lasting memory of one port these details now because I think they brief eulogy by Dr. Lev E. Dobriansky of of Ukraine's greatest servants, The UCCA carry with them a message of importance Georgetown University, titled "The Great president will initiate at the coming UCCA to the people of the United States and the Loss of a Patriot, Christian, Scholar"; executive meeting the dedication of the 10th West: second, the obituaries in the Evening Congress of Amerioans of Ukraine Descent to The Soviet Union today is increasingly Star of April 29, "Roman S. Smal-Stocki, the immortal spirit, works, and contributions dominated by a militaristic clique of mar of our departed intellectual leader. Also, this shais who, with few exceptions, are peril Ukrainian Scholar, Dies," in the Wash proposal wlll extend to the autumn issue of ously ignorant of the West. These narrow ington Post of April 29, "R. S. Smal The Ukrainian Quarterly. minded hard-liners understand and react Stocki, Slavic Expert at CU" and the As he would have us remember-Three only to the prospect of superior force. Signs New York Times of April 29, "Dr. Ro Cheers, our dearly beloved friend. Erue, of weakness tempt them to risk ever more man Smal-Stocki Dies; Ukrainian Edu Domine, animam ejus, Requiescat in pace. irresponsible adventures. cator was 76"; third, a complete release Unless they are convinced that the Amer on the man by the Shevchenko Scien [From the Washington (D.C.) Evening Star, ican government and the American people tific Society, of which he was president; Apr. 29, 1969] are prepared to resist future aggression, then fourth, a memorial in the Ukrainian ROMAN S. SMAL-STOCKI, UKRAINIAN SCHOLAR, more aggression is inevitable. On the basis DIES of my personal experiences with these men, Weekly, Svoboda, dated May 17, by Dr. Clarence A. Manning, professor emeri Roman S. Smal-Stocki, 76, director of the I know that each time one of their military Ukrainian Studies Center at Catholic Uni gambles pays off, they edge closer to the tus, Columbia University, titled "The versity, died Sunday of cancer at Georgetown brink. And by recklessness and miscalcula Stream of History"; and fifth, the speech University Hospital. He lived at 201 Taylor tion, they are likely to plunge the world of Representative MARTIN B. McKNEALL y, St. NE. into war that ordinary men everywhere des of New York, who was the last to appear Born in 1893 in Czernowitz, Bukovina, now perately want to avert. before the Ukrainian Studies Center in a part of the Soviet Ukraine, Mr. Smal-Stocki (NoTE.-General Sejna's assertions were Washington, D.C., which the late Pro studied at the universities of Vienna, Leip made available to The Reader's Digest last zig, and Munich. In 1917 he lectured at the April 13, just two days before North Korean fessor Smal-Stocki directed and at which Oriental Academy, a foreign service school in MIGs shot down a U.S. Navy EC-121 recon I and others had the privilege and pleas Berlin. naissance plane in the Sea of Japan. No evi ure to address in the past: In the early 1920s he was associate profes dence exists at this writing that the Soviet THE GRAVE Loss OF A PATRIOT, CHRISTIAN, sor of Slavistics at the Ukrainian Massaryk Union had a hand in this second act of pi ScHOLAR University in Prague and later was a guest racy perpetrated by the North Koreans within professor in English Universities. 15 months.) (By Lev E. Dobriansky, Georgetown University) He taught Slavistics at the University of Warsaw in Poland from 1925 to 1939. and In the evening of Sunday, April 27, Dr. then was a prisoner of the Nazis during Roman Smal-Stocki died at Georgetown Uni World War II. versity Hospital in Washington, D.C. He DR. ROMAN SMAL-STOCKI: DEDI Coming to the United States after the war, passed away quietly. The last to visit him he was professor of Slavic history at Mar CATED AMERICAN PATRIOT OF and to receive his courageous "thanks" and quette University from 1947 and director of UKRAINIAN ANCESTRY "good-by" were the Very Rev. Constantine its Slavic Institute from 1949 until becoming Berdar, Rev. M. Makukh, Rev. Maletius Woj professor emeritus. He had been a visiting nar, Dr. Bohdan Skaskiw, and the UCCA professor at Catholic Universtty since 1965. HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI President. With extraordinary strength of Mr. Smal-Stocki was a leader in the fund OF ILLINOIS m ind and moral fortitude to the last, one rai.sing campaign to erect a statue of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of Ukraine's greatest sons extended his arms Ukrainian poet-hero Taras Shevchenko in to cla.sp the hand of each, then faintly ut Washington. The statue, dedicated several Wednesday, June 25, 1969 tered his final expression of friendship, and years ago, is at 22nd and P Streets NW. Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, as lapsed into a ooma preceding his death. He was also curator and a director of the many Members know an American of These final moments typified the genuine Byzantine Slavic Arts Foundation here. From gre!l.tness and towering stature of the man. 1915 through 1960 Mr. Smal-Stocki published unusual stature and background passed For Ukrainians in particular, but for all free 11 books-in Ukrainian, German and Rus away recently. I refer to Dr. Roman men in general, the death of Dr. Smal-Stocki sian. He also had written more than 70 schol Smal-Stocki, who died in the George- is a grave loss to the ceaseless cause of free- arly articles. June 26, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17597 Outside his literary oareer, Mr. Smal-Stocki Dr. Smal-Stocki, who was born under was arrested by the Gestapo and was detained served as an envoy and· minister of the Austro-Hungarian rule, received a PhD. as a civilian internee for the duration. Ukrainian Democratic Republic In Germany degree, summa cum laude, from the Uni In 1947 he emigrated to the United States and Great Britain in the early 1920s, and versity of Munich in 1914. He was active in and joined the staff of Marquette University was deputy premier and foreign minister of the establishment of the independent in Milwaukee, Wisc., where he taught Slavic the Ukrainian National government in exile Ukrainian state and was the councilor of its history until his retirement in 1965; he was from 1937 to 1940. legation in Berlin. Later he was Minister also Director of Marquette's Slavic Institute He was active in several societies de of its Government-in-Exile in Berlin and since 1949. From 1965 until his death he was voted to the works of Shevchenko. as well London. He was also formerly deputy premier a Visiting Professor at Catholic University as historical and other arts and sciences of the exiled government. of America and Director of the Ukralnian associations. Between the two world wars Dr. Smal Studies Center at the Ukrainian Catholic Prayers will be offered at 7 o'clock tonight Stocki was associate professor of the history, Seminary, both in Washington, D.C. at the Ukrainian Catholic Seminary, 201 language and culture of the Slavic peo PROLIFIC AUTHOR, DEDICATED EDUCATOR Taylor St. NE. ples at the Ukrainian Masaryk University in A mass will be offered tomorrow in Phila Prof. Smal-Stocki's contributions to the Prague and at the University of Warsaw. studies of Ukrainian and Slavic linguistics delphia at the Cathedral of the Immaculate After the conquest of Poland he was ar Conception, the mother church of the are enormous. Early in his schola-stic career rested by the Germans and interned in he published New Educational Trends ( 4 Ukrainian Catholic Metropolitan Province in Prague until the end of the war. the United States. volumes, 1917-1919, together with Prof. W. He came to the United States in 1947 and Simovych), Studies on Ukrainian Linguistics It is requested that expressions of sym was associate professor of Slavic history at pathy be in the form of contributions to the (together with Prof. I. Ohienko) and Travaux Marquette University and later directed de l' Institut Scientifique Ukrainien ( 6 vol Smal-Stocki Memorial Fund at the Ukrainian Marquette's Slavic Institute. Catholic Seminary. umes). In 1929, with the establishment of At his death Dr. Smal-Stocki was a visit the Ukrainian Scientific Institute in War ing professor of the history, language and saw, Prof. Smal-Stocki became its secretary [From the Washington (D.C.) Post, culture of the Slavic peoples and the his and editor; under his direction, 40 volumes Apr. 29, 1969] tory of the Soviet Union at the Catholic of Ukrainian studies had been published. R. S. SMAL-STOCKI, SLAVIC EXPERT AT CU University of America and the head of the He also participated in the publication of a Roman S. Smal-Stocki, 76, a Ukrainian Ukrainian Studies Center at the Ukrainian complete edition of works of Taras Shev born Catholic University professor who es Catholic Seminary of St. Joshaphat, both chenko, and was editor of its 15th volume in caped death sentences in both Hitler's Ger in Washington. Warsaw. many and Soviet Russia, died of cancer He was president of the American Shev In the United States, under his direction Sunday at Georgetown University Hospital. chenko Scientific Society, with headquarters there appeared 6 volumes of the Marquette He was condemned to death in absentia in New York. The society is named for Taras University Studies and 18 volumes of Mar in the 1920s by a Russian tribunal for his Shevchenko, Ukrainian poet. quette University Slavic Institute Papers activities in ,the Ukrainian independence Surviving are a brother, Dr. Nestor Smal (edited jointly with Prof. Alfred Sokolnicki). movement, but he had fled to Poland. Stocki, and a sister, Mrs. Irene Luckyj. Prof. Smal-Stocki wrote many books in From there he went to Prague, Czechoslo Ukrainian, German and English, among vakia, where he wa..s arrested by Nazi troops PROF. ROMAN SMAL-STOCKI, UKRAINIAN them: OutUne of Word-Building of Ukrain after Germany's occupation of that coun SCHOLAR, EDUCAT03 AND STATESMAN, DIES IN ian Adjectives ( 1921) , Significance of Ukrain try. Ukranian guerrilla fighters freed him, WASHINGTON ian Adjectives ( 1926), Primitive Word-Build however, and he escaped a Nazi death war WASHINGTON, D.C.-Prof. Roman Smal ing ( 1929) , Ukrainian Language in Soviet rant by ta.king refuge in a monastery. Stocki, outstanding Ukrainian scholar, edu Ukraine (1935), Shevchenko in Foreign Lan Mr. Sma.1-Stocki was born in Czernowitz, cator and statesman-diplomat, died on April gi.ages (1936)----all in Ukrainian; Abriss der now in the Soviet Ukraine, the son of a 27, 1969 at Georgetown University Hoepital, Ukrainischen Substantivbildung (1915) and Ukrainian count. He studied at the Universi after a short illness, at the age of 76. Germanisch-Deutsche Kulturinfluesse in ties of Vienna, Leipzig, and Munich, receiv He was a Visiting Professor at the Catholic Spiegel der Ukrainischen Sprache (1938)-in ing his doctorate from the la.st in 1914. University of America for the past few years, German; and Slavs and Teutons: The Oldest After World War I, his native Ukraine won and resided at the Ukrainian Catholic Semi Germanic-Slavic Relations (1950), The Na a brief interval of independence and Mr. nary, 201 Taylor Street, N.E., Washington, tionality Problem of the Soviet Union and Sma.1-Stocki become envoy to Great Britain D.C. Russiian Communist Imperialism (1952), The for the short-lived Ukrainian Democratic Prof. Smal-Stocki was born on January Captive Nations (1959), and The History of Republic from 1920 to 1922. 9, 1893 in Chernivtsi (Czernowitz), Buko Modern Bulgarian Literature (1960, with Prof. When the Russian armies retook the vina, then under Austria-Hungary (now part Clarence A. Manning). In addition, over 78 Ukraine he fled. He taught at universities in of the Ukrainian SSR) . He came from a scholarly articles and papers were written by both countries before being arrested by the prominent and distinguished Ukrainian Prof. Smal-Stocki in Ukrainian, Polish, Bul Germans. family, holding the nobility title of yon garian, German and English. After World War II, with the help of sev Rawicz, bestowed upon the family in 1685. As president of the American Shevchenko eral high American officials who were ac His father, Dr. Stephan Smal-Stocki, a pro Scientific S::>ciety (since 1951) and president qua.inted with his career, including then fessor at the University of Chernivtsi, was of the Supreme Council of Shevchenko Scien Secretary of State Edward R. Stettinius Jr .. an outstanding Ukrainian philologist, mem tific Societies (Europe, Canada, Austra-Iia and he ca.me to the United States. From 1947 to ber of the Provincial Diet of Bukovina, and the United States), Prof. Smal-Stocki con 1965 he taught Slavic history at Marquette a leader of the Ukrainian national rebirth in tributed greatly toward the prolific activities University, before coming to Catholic Uni Bukovina; his mother, Emilia, nee Za.revych, and expansion of the Shevchenko Scientific versity. Mr. Smal-Stocki authored 15 books was born into a Ukrainian priestly family. Society in the United States, which in fact is a free Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. and many articles, most of them on Slavic Upon his graduation from a gymnasium, history, his specialty. Prof. Roman Sm.al-Stocki studied at the Under his presidency, the Society organized In Washington Mr. Smal-Stocki wa..s a Universities of Vienna, Leipzig and Munich, two World Congresses of Ukrainian Free Sci leader in the effort to bring to this city the where he specialized in Slavic studies under ence and hundreds of scientific conferences statue of Ukrainian hero Taras Shevchenko such prominent scholars as W. Wondrak. E. and lectures, dedicated to Ukrainian history, Bernecker and A. Laskin, in comparative language, culture and science. The American that now stands at 22d and P Streets nw. section of the Society under his direction is During his life he had known closely Inda-European philology and philosophy un der A. Kulpe and W. Wundt. In 1914 he re sued 18 volumes of Proceedings, 18 volumes of Winston Churchill, Georges Clemenceau, Ukrainian Studies, 31 volumes of lectures, 21 Thomas Masaryk, and other world leaders. ceived summa cum laude his Ph.D. degree at the University of Munich. volumes of monographs, 9 volumes of Pro He wa..s a member of the American Histor ceedings of various sections of the Society, 3 ical Society, American Catholic Historical SCHOLASTIC CAREER volumes of Ukrainian Archives, and 2 vol Society, and numerous other professional Dr. Smal-Stocki began his academic career umes of Ukrainian Literary IAbrary, and sev groups, many of which he served as an in 1917 when he became a lecturer at the eral non-serial publications. He was the officer. He wa..s curator of the Byzantine Orientalische Akademie ( German Foreign founder in 1956 and president of the Com Slavic Arts Foundation in Washington. Service School) in Berlin. From 1921 to 1923 mittee of American Slavic Learned Societies he was Associate Professor at the Ukrainian in New York and served as its president since [From the New York Times, Apr. 29, 1969) Masaryk University in Prague, and in 1924- that time. DR. ROMAN SMAL-STOCKI DIES; UKRAINIAN 25 he was a guest professor at King's College POLITICAL LEADER, STATESMAN AND DIPLOMAT EDUCATOR WAS 76 of London University, the School of Eco Prof. Smal-Stocki was one of the great Dr. Roman Smal-Stocki, philologist, edu nomics, and Pembroke College of Cambridge and outstanding Ukrainian political leaders, cator and author, died Sunday at Georgetown University. Subsequently, from 1925-1939 he statesmen and diplomats who took an active University Hospital in Washington. He was was Professor of Slavistics at the University part in the establishment of a free and in 76 years old and was a former leadei: of the of Warsaw, Poland, where he was also very dependent Ukrainian st3.te in 1917-1920. His Ukrain.ian National Republic, an independent active in Ukrainian cultural and political political career began in 1915 when he joined state from 1917 to 1920. life. With the outbreak of World War II, he the "Union for the Liberation of Ukraine," 17598 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 26, 1969 on behalf of which he worked among Ukraln tury: Hrushevsky, Petlura, Vynnychenko, Lviv, a post long filled with distlnction by ian POW's of the Russian armies in several Skoropadsky, Livytsky, Doroshenko, Mazepa, Metropolitan Andrew Sheptytsky for the half prisoner-of-war camps in Germany, notably Shulhyn, Yakovliv, Generals Salsky, Udovy century before his death with the return of in Wezlar, his work resulting in the organi chenko, Pavlenko and Sinkler. and many Communism to Lviv in the latter part of zation of two Ukrainian infantry divisions other Ukrainian leaders who led the Ukrain World War II. which were sent to Ukraine to take part in ian national revolution in 1917-20. At the time of his death. Prof. Roman the struggle against Communlst Russia. In Prof. Smal-Stocki, ln addition to being Smal-Stocki had just passed his seventy sixth 1918 he was appointed dlplomatic represent presiden,t of the Shevchenko Scientific So birthday, for he was born in January, 1893. ative of the Western Ukralnian National Re ciety and the Shevchenko Memorial Commit He received a good education and when the public in Berlin; after the Union of the two tee of America, was also Curaitor of the By first timid steps were taken in 1914 to revive Ukrainian Republics on January 22, 1919, zia.ntine Slavic Arts Foundation in Washlng the old Ukrainian state, he was a young man Prof. Smal-Stocki became counsellor of the ton. He was a member of the Ukralnia.n In of twenty one, already trained not only in Ukrainian Legation, and after the resigna stitute of America; the Ukrai.n.ian Academy philology and literature. but with enough tion of M. Porsh, he served as Minister Pleni of Arts and Sciences ln the U.S.A.; the Ameri contacts with the old regime to accord him potentiary and Envoy Extraordinary of the can Histlorical Association; the American the facility for exercising his talents under Ukrainian National Republic in Berlin, 1921- Oaitholic Hisitorical Association, the Ameri favorable condltions. 23. In 1924-1925 he was Minister of the can Association of Teachers of Slavic and ONE OF THE LEADERS Ukrainian government in England. As a East European Languages; "Aoademie Inter From that time on, we may almost say member of the Ukrainian government-in nationale Libre des Sciences et des Lettres," that he was never far from the actual seat Paris; Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences; exile, headed first by Simon Petlura and later of power first in Western Ukraine. in the by Andrew Livytsky, Prof. Smal-Stocki held Pilsudski Historical Institute and the Czech jolnt state that arose in 1920 and in the dis various important political and diplomatic oslovak Society of Arts and Sciences in astrous events of the next years, when he was posts: Minister to the Polish government in America. He was also president of the one of the leaders in the attempts to salvage Warsaw; Deputy Minister of Culture and Ukralnian Studies Center 9Jt the Ukrainian the wreckage and prepare for the future. It Deputy Minlster for Foreign Affairs, and fol Catholic Seminary ln Washlngton, a member would be too long to describe all of his ac lowing the resignation of Minister Alexander of the executive board of the Ukrainian Oon tivities. In fact we may well believe that we Shulhyn, he became Foreign Minister; after gress Committee of America and a member still do not and may not know at any t ime lihe death of Premier Vyacheslav Prokopovych, of the Editorial Advisory Board of The all in which he was concerned, but at least he was named Deputy Premier of the Ukrain Ukrainian Quarterly. Last summer he led the published record is a list of honors that ian government-in-exile. Prof. Smal-Stocki three delegations of the Shevchenko Scien may well be unparalleled, culminating in his was also a member of the Ukrainian delega tific Society ln welcoming His Emlnence Jo work as the President of the Shevchenko So tion (along with Minister A. Shulhyn) to the seph Dardlnal Slipy, Ukrainian Cardinal, on cieties in the outside world. League of Nations. and was vice president hls visits to Philadelphia, New York and He has seen many of his older and of the Ukrainian Association for the League Washington. younger colleagues vanish from the scene. of Nations, 1929-1939. With hls passing, the world-wide Ukralnian for it is now fifty five years since he first be In 1936 Prof. Smal-Stocki was elected pres movemenrt for freedom loses a great and in came active and the roll of honor of the ident of the Linguistic Congress of the Na domitable fighter, inspirer and leader. Ukrainian patriots, heroes and martyrs is al tions Enslaved by Communist Russia, which A bachelor all hls life, Prof. Smal-Stocki ready long. was held in Warsaw; he was president of the is survived by a b110ther. Dr. Nesrtor Smal "Promethean League of the Enslaved Na Stocki, who res1des ln Lima. Peru, and a sis RECALLS FATHER tions" from 1927 to 1940, and in that con ter, Mrs. Irene Luckyj of Toronto, Ont., The present writer has vague memories of nection gave lectures in Bulgaria, Rumania, Oall>ada. hearing Professor Stephen Smal-Stocki s,peak Finland, Poland, Latvia, France and England. A Requiem Ma.ss will be held on Wednes at the First Congress of Slavic Geographers and Ethnographers in Prague in 1924, when HEADED STATUE MOVEMENT IN UNITED STATES day, April 30, 1969, at 10:00 A.M. at the Ukrainian Catholic Cathedral of the Immac the participants heard him read the minutes In the United States, Prof. Smal-Stocki ulate Conception, 830 No. Franklin Street, of the Slav Congress of 1849 and approved was also very active in the political field. Philadelphia, Pa. Burial will be at Our Lady them. Every effort was made by the commit He was a member of the executive board of of Sorrows Ukrainian Catholic Cemetery, tee of arrangements to link that meeting the Ukrainian Congress Committee of Amer Langhorne, Pa. with the older gathering of the Slavs in the ica and on its behalf appeared before sev Hapsburg lands and that fact may offer us eral Congressional committees in Washing some hints, perhaps idealized, of the duration ton with his testimonies at hearings deal [From Svoboda, the Ukrainian Weekly, May 17, 1969] and standlng of the Ukrainian cause. ing with Soviet Russian genocide, religious Let us assume that Roman Smal-Stocki, persecution and Russification of Ukraine and THE STREAM OF HISTORY: IN MEMORY OF when he was five years old had met an aged other captive non-Russian nations in the ROMAN 8MAL-STOCKI man or woman of the age of 95, who still USSR. (By Clarence A. Manning) remembered many of the clrcumstances of One of his most outstanding accomplish At the present ti.me all of those people who his or her youth. That person would have ments in thls country was his chairmanship understand on a broad scale the meaning of been born in 1802 before the attempt of of the Shevchenko Memorial Cammittee of freedom for peoples and for individuals real Napoleon to seize Moscow and might have America, from 1960 to present day, which ize the loss to the Ukrainian struggle for been able at least to remember. We know Committee established the Shevchenko liberation and recognition of Roman Smal that Taras Shevchenko, who was born in Monumerut on public grounds in Washing Stocki. If there is any one who ln the past 1814 still remembered his grandfather who ton, D.C. Over $450,000 was collected by ten years has looked at that movement, they had fought in the Koliivshchyna in the late Americans of Ukrainian descent for that must have seen the name and understood 1760's and could have known the last of the purpose, and at the unveiling of the monu that he was a giant and a stalwart in the Hetmans of Ukraine, Razumovsky, the grand ment on June 27, 1964 over 100,000 persons cause. He truly devoted his entire life to the father of that Princess Repnin, whom heard the late President Dwight D. Eisen movement and without depreciating the ef Shevchenko knew as still a young woman hower laud the 19th century Ukrainian poet forts of his co-workers and hls rivals and before his arrest and exile. laureate Taras Shevchenko for his dedica competitors. he had made for hlmself a If that hypothetical meeting had been tion to freedom and justice for men every unique position. repeated in a preceding generation, it would where. He was a recipient of the "Shevchenko IDEAL DREAM not have been fantastic or impossible for Freedom Award" for his singular service in that second source to have known in his early this project. In a sense. he had the opportunities for youth the survivors of the debacle at Poltava. his work, but he knew how to seize them Prof. Smal-Stocki had been a frequent It gives us a shock to realize how a few target of the Communist press in Ukraine and to use his native and inherited position long-lived individuals can span the cen and in Russia for his unswerving dedica to the working out of his ideal dream, of turies. It would lmply that two lives could tion to the principles of freedom for the seeing once again a free Ukraine on the map have carried the personal experiences of the Ukrainian and other captive nations. of Europe, and of its taking that place to young Roman back to the age of Mazepa Essentially, Prof. Smal-Stocki was a phi which its geographical position entitled it and a third would have extended the tradi lologist. He made analyses of the Ukrainian and its population as the largest of the sub tion to the early days of the Kozaks and the language, its structure and semantics, and merged and outraged populations of that Zaporozhian Sich. provided historical researches on its develop prison of nations, the Russian Emplre--the ment. At the same ti.me he wrote books and Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. PREPARE FOR FUTURE essays on Ukralnian history·, culture and po He was the son of the distinguished pro To many of the young men and women in litical developments. Altogether, he wrote fessor. Stephen Smal-Stocki, who was al the Ukralnian cause this seems intolerable over 160 scientific publications from the field most a permanent member of the Herren speculation. Yet there are many of the of linguistics, literary criticism and Soviet haus of the joint government of Austria arrivals in America after World War II, who studies in many languages. He also wrote Hungary under the Hapsburgs. It was a posi were so sure that they would be here but a monographs and memoirs on noted Ukrain tion in the lay world of officialdom compara short time that they were hesitant to prepare ian men of science and politics. He knew ble to that of the outstanding cleric of the for anything but their return. Today they and was closely associated with many great day, the Archbishop of the Ukrainian Cath are quietly settling down with their dreams Ukrainian political figures of the 20th cen- olic Church and Metropolitan of Halych and to build up a reality and to prepare for the June 26, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17599 future. Most of those who arrived after I suppose the hardest thing to stand, the somewhat mystical, I suppose, and rather World War L have already passed away. The moot loathsome sight to afflict the vision, is odd. His physician is reported to be a prac passage of time reminds us that Charles the picture of men and women, civilized, re titioner of voodoo. A man as mercurial, as deGaulle in retirement is almost the last ligious, homeloving, patriotic, yearning, flambuoyant, as unpredictable, could con major figure of World War II. General reaching out for freedom and being turned ceivably walk away from the rigors of Com Dwight Eisenhower, barely three years older, book from it by the superiox might of mili munism, they say. I regard such an event as has already vanished and there are few left tary force. unlikely. Men are captive frequently of their veterans of World War I. There may be a few Czechoslovakia today is Communism in own actions. A lie convinces no one, as much here and there, but most of those are enjoy action today. Propaganda, glib assurances, as the one who uses it to convince others. ing or suffering a more or less forced retire well turned phrases are maneuvers merely. Poland offers the one situation that the ment and Roman Smal-Stocki was happy in I ask you to explain to me, if otherwise, those Free World and Captive Nations can all cheer that he could continue his work until almost pathetic busload.s of Evangelical Baptists who about. Even with a Communist regime, it the very eve of his departure and encourage showed up at the American Embassy in Mos remains in the eyes of some analysts the most his younger colleagues to continue the work cow. How else, if not a maneuver, do you fit religious country in the world. The so-called and to work as he did without losing faith into the picture the printed oompla.int in liberals for years denounced Cardinal in the possibility of fulfilling his ideal. the Soviet Union thait Communist party Wyszynski as a man preventing a modus We remember and mourn Roman Smal members are secretly baptizing their chil vivendi with the Communists. He stood Stocki, but at the same time we must wel dren . . . a.nd observing religious holidays. across the pathway toward the future. He come h is life and see it as part of that great How else can one explain the arrest three prevented progress ... they said. Only now, stream of history that h as stretched on from months ago of the Unite Bishop of the Uk are people beginning to acknowledge him as century to century, to century, from genera raine. He made so bold as to slip out of the a brilliant tactician. The Communists are tion to generation, which is slowly but surely Soviet Union on a tourist visa and repair to beginning to come to him with their hats in working out what has been set by nature and Yugoslavia for his consecration. His faite is their hands. He still speaks out against the by all the conditions of human life. May he, unknown. Some stories have it that the KGB regime. Last year he condemned the coun his lost colleagues and hi-s older inspirers all agent posing as a Belgian Priest compromised try's anti-Semitic campaign. The Polish rest in peace and may light perpetual shine the Bishop. Certainly thls is true, uncover a hierarchy under the Cardinal condemned po upon them! Communist and you rediscover Stalin, no lice reprisals against student demonstra matter where you find him. tions. But the Communist leadership and the SPEECH OF REPRESENTATIVE MARTIN B. The other da.y talking to an expeTt on Cuba mass communications media remained McKNEALLY in the company of an expert on Eastern silent. Attacks against the Cardinal were I am delighted to participate in this series Europe, I was touched by the sight of the not included in the theses for the Fifth of lectures on current persecution of reli European, as he listened to the ta.le of cas Party Congress. The church problem was gions in countries now dominated by Com tro's campaign against religion and said, mentioned only in one sentence in a congress munist totalitarianism. As a Congressman, "Oh, it all sounds so familiar." resolution. I am honored to be numbered among my Castro started after religion with a ven On the other hand, Cardinal Wyszynski is distinguished colleagues who have spoken geance shortly after the Bay of Pigs debacle proceeding cautiously in the face of the new here. As a man, I am glad to add my word in 1961. The clergy in the churches of Cuba, Communist approach. He and the rest of of caution and perhaps alarm to my fellow as you doubtless know, were largely from the Polish hierarchy doubtless have few il citizens lest they conclude that Communist other countries. Most of the Catholic priests lusions after 25 years under the Communists. governments are hesitating in their doctrine were from Spain. Most of the Protestant min It could well be that the Communists hope of a.theism and their materialistic explana isters were from the United States. This a softening of their attitudes will break tion for man's existence and his value. fact led Castro to whoop, in one of his end down the cohesion of the Catholic Church. There are many among us, some in very less whoops, the old rallying cry-foreign in They need only look to the West to see what high places, who are celebrating the change tervention-foreign agents, etc. From 1961 to the sweet winds of renewal can accomplish in and insisting that we celebrate it with them, 1963, hundreds of priests and many Protes a permissive atmosphere. Thankfully, how in the attitude of Communist governments tant ministers were expelled. Only one Cath ever, there are still men of position in the toward religion, or the acknowledgement olic seminary was allowed to stay open. No Catholic Chuch throughout the world who that God exists and warrants our worship. one could carry religious literature in pub are pragmatic as well as men of God. They So naive are they that they do not pause lic. A few churches were allowed, to remain know time is on their side. This is what they long enough to realize that they are merely open. But even so, the government stages are playing for. buying a line, swallowing an attractive and conflicting events on Sundays and holidays, How different the situation that America tasty morsel, mainly for the reason that it such as athletic competitions. And where, finds itself in today. We have pounded time is attractive and tasty. They believe what mind you, do they hold them? Why in no and again into our minds that time is on the they want to believe. Need I remind you that less remote a place but right in front of the side of the Communists in Viet Nam. Why the best definition of a sane man is a man churches. It is illegal in Cuba to hold reli is that so? Because the American people have who sees what is there-not what he wishes gious services in private homes or even in lost faith, their motivation. were there. halls that form part of a dwelling. The years The pressures have started mounting on It is futile and misleading (and God knows of Communist practice has paid off well. President Nixon for an end to the Viet Nam we know those two words by sad experience They do not miss or overlook much. war. Some of the pressure comes from people in this country) to suppose that Communist Atheism is the official doctrine of Cuba. It genuinely heartsick at the bloodshed. Some Russia is changing in a very quintessential has been declared to be so. Oh, the govern of the pressure comes from people who seek way. Why should it? The Communists have ment goes on claiming that there is religious personal publicity or even baser rewards. One wealth, control, imperialistic sway, the obei freedom ... but the churches are playing in need only review their demands to gauge sance of the free world-·they have the ulti a rather low key. The Papal Nuncio in Cuba, their motives. Whoever in the history of man mate weapon. Why should they suddenly Monsignor Zacchi, tries to stay on friendly has put a six-month limit on a negotiating reassert the enduring truths of religion, terms with Castro. It is said, as a matter of session-especially with an enemy who says when they have with such success and def fact, that Castro will attend receptions given openly that time is on his side? I visited erence denied them? by Monsignor Zacchi but he will not observe Ambassador Lodge and his capable staff in Here, we have a report of a loosening up similar courtesy for even the Russian Em Paris earlier this month. Their main prob on the Jews, there a simple expression de ba,ssy. Because of this iand certain concilia lem will not be the Communists. It will be noting God's existence, at another time we tory moves made by the nuncio, he has been the question of whether the American people hear of a liberalizing of the absolute denial severely criticized by some Catholics as be will support their own negotiating team. We of the right to worship. But these I submit ing overfriendly with the Communists. must support them. It is all very well to de to you rather are changes in tactics, than Castro appears to have written off the part mand an immediate withdrawal. But such a in doctrine. The visits of docile Iron Curtain of his population over 40 years of age. He course is not the way a nation with world religious leaders to the West, complete with concentrates-as do most-on the youth of wide responsibilities, as well as a responsi ready and rehearsed answers to obvious his country. Atheism is pursued in school. bility to itself, can conduct its affairs. Every questions is unconvincing to say the least. Children are told to pray to God for candy. sane man wants peace. Every mother grows I suppose man's real Achilles heel is his When nothing happens, they are told to pray heartsick when her son is summoned away to war. But while the world is split as it is failure vividly to remember. How many of us to Fidel. If, by some miracle, a young man remember to interpret Russia's foreign policy arrives at a sturdy desire to follow a voca America cannot shrink from its confronta in the light of its startling and shocking tion to the priesthood, he is more than likely tion with totalitarian forces-without grave activities in Hungary or more recently in to wind up in the army or the sugar cane consequences to itself and to the world. Czechoslovakia? The final riddance of the fields, than in his country's only seminary. The Captive Nations live a life of abject last vestige of the Dubcek regime in the last Oh, when the kids pray to Fidel for candy misery. But if we don't get the United States couple of days, once more exposes to all who they get it. straightened out, we will be looking to them will look and see, that the ~eadership has not Cuba does present one difference from for help. We can already look to them for changed, that it will not willingly change most other Communist dominated countries inspiration. that it will not relinquish its command over today-the government there is pretty much We here have a heavy burden to bear. We men's bodies--or souls. wrapped up in one man---CASTRO. He is must provide the hope of all those who are 17600 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 26, 1969 captive within the walls of totalitarian few weeks ago I was flying out of LaGuardia cars use our highways; by 1975 there will be Communism-we must pray aloud for the at about 5 :30 in the evening-in an official 100 million, plus 20 million trucks and buses. church which is condemned by its persecu Government plane--and we were eighteenth If we continue at such a pace, there simply tors to pray in silence. in line for takeoff. will not be enough.space in our cities to ac Everyone knows how Communism rots the I asked the pilot if our FAA boys up in the commodate all those who would-ideally soul of a nation-makes it abject in peace tower knew that the Secretary of Trans like to drive. More and more it becomes plain and abominable in war-everyone knows portation was aboard. And they said, "Yes, sir, that the automobile must be supplemented that Communism stands ready to spring into and we're still eighteenth in line!" and I didn't say "replace," I said "supple situations softened by dlsinterest-by afflu So let me make it clear at the outset that mented"-in the urban areas by other kinds ence and by lack of faith. It thrives in if I say anything to you fellows tonight of transport services. darkling places, its great men are traitors about congestion, I'm not referring only to Each mode in the system must be planned and betrayers-its saints are murderers. The highways and automobiles; we have prob to complement-not obstruct or rival-the doctinaire scholar who regards man as noth lems in a few other areas as well. others. ing much more than a collection of sub Gentlemen, despite what some of your As I am sure you know, the Federal gov stances-With no purpose, no will and no critics have said ( especially in letters to the ernment presently spends as much on high soul is Communism's advocate. Against this Department of Transportation!) the auto way construction in 6 weeks as it has put into powerful array of men and women stand to mobile industry has contributed more to urban transit in the last 6 years. Unless we night the people of Eastern Europe-the American progress, by far, than it has taken intend to pave the entire surface of the people of South Vietnam and North, the away. country-and no one want3 that-we have to charming people of Cuba who still believe, Your industry-since World War I-has stop this trend. We already have one linear who silently pray for their deliverance, who reshaped modern society. I suspect it's safe mile of highway for every square mile of land work to break open from their cells. to say that the automobile has brought area in the U.S.A. In the days of yore, a superb prayer was about more social changes than any other To give people the mobility they increas recited at the end of the Mass. It was added invention in the past fifty yea.rs. ingly demand and require in the next few in order to beseech God for the deliverance We all acknowledge Detroit's massive con years, our metropolitan area shall have to of Russia. In it were some forgotten lines, tribution to the National economy. An as invest heavily in modern forms of public indeed some forgotten theology. They are as tonishing $14 billion-16 percent of our es transportation, and the Federal government follows: "And do thou, Oh, Prince of the timated gross natlonal product this year is going to have to help. Heavenly Host by the Divine Power, protect wm be produced directly or indirectly by the We intend to help. As you are no doubt us against the wiles and the wickedness of automotive industry. aware-the Department of Transportation the Devil who roams through the world It's no wonder that so many people with will be sending to the White House, for sub seeking the ruin of souls." The Devil, I sub outstanding managerial skills find their way mission to the Congress, a public transporta mit to you and to all, is on the loose--de to the motor city. Indeed, the country is tion bill in the very near future. We are hop troying and abasing the finest works and fortunate to have your resources of intellect ing to get the bill in the hopper soon-once achievements of men. He shall not conquer and imagination to draw upon at such a we've been able to get p,ast the Bureau of the while men gather together to praise God, crucial juncture in our history. Budget, the Treasury Department, and the to exalt His goodness. He shall not conquer I referred-a few minutes ago-to trans other arms of the Executive branch that have whlle men are still willing to pray, to labor, portation congestion in a rather light vein. to clear this type of thing. to fight and to dle, for the truths of re But gentlemen, let there be no misunder The public transportation program would vealed religion. He shall not conquer while shnding. We are in the midst of a transpor be patterned, largely, after the fabulously men are willing to fight and die for their tation crisis in America right now, it's not successful highway trust fund. faith. funny, and it's getting worse. The hlghway trust fund, of course, is fi The crisis has been several years in the nanced through monies that are directly at building, but I have found that it doesn't tributable to highway users-and this is as THE TRANSPORTATION CRISIS AS do much good to complain about what hasn't it should be. VIEWED BY SECRETARY VOLPE been done in the past. In public transportation, however, we are President Nixon has ranked transportation faced with a different set of problems. It and its problems on his top ten priority doesn't take an economist to figure out that HON. ROBERT P. GRIFFIN list. He has directed me to develop an over user fees-additional taxes on present tran sit riders-won't solve our problems. In the OF MICHIGAN all National transportation pla.n Within six to nine months and we in the Department of case of public transportation, the funds must IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STA TES Transportation are going to do it. We must be derived from some other source. Thursday, June 26, 1969 · do it! Usage of every mode of transportation As you probably know, we are looking into is increaslng. Ten years from now airline the possibility of using a portion of the auto Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. President, on passenger travel is expected to be up 300 mobile excise tax as part of our source of June 20, 1969, Secretary of Transparta percent. The number of aircraft utilized by revenue. tion John Volpe addressed the annual general aviation, including private flying, Th.is can be justified on several counts. meeting of the Automobile Manufactur will expand from 114,000 today to at least First of all, it is to the motorist's advantage ers' Association in Detroit, Mich. In his 214,000 within the next ten yea.rs. to underwrite part of public transportation In the same period trucks will haul not 400 if he wan ts to drive on uncongested high remarks, Secretary Volpe outlined several ways. of the critical transportation problems billion ton miles of freight, but 600 billion. Rail traffic will rise a respectable 25 percent Second, it is to the automobile industry's facing our Nation. in 9 years. advantage. There's not much point in per Mr. President, because of the wide This growth causes problems, and we are fecting a 300 horsepower vehicle that crawls spread interest in th;s subject, I ask out to help solve those problems. from interchange to interchange. nor is there unanimous consent tha.t the distin much hope of expanding your sales if the This past Monday, President Nixon asked average motorist looks upon driving as a guished Secretary's remarks be printed Congress to approve a $5 billion program to chore rather than an efficient, pleasant means at this point in the RECORD. improve the nation's air transportation fa of transportation. There being no objection, the remarks cilities. As I stated before the Senate Com And let me be perfectly honest with you. If were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, merce Committee on Tuesday, this program the Federal automobile excise tax is reduced as follows: is one that can solve the problems to which or eliminated, how long do you think it would it is addressed. be before the states or even the cities jumped REMARKS OF SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION Our recommendations take into considera JOHN A . VOLPE BEFORE THE ANNUAL MEET in with excise taxes of their own? And with tion the total impact of aviation growth. the cost of government being what it is, who's ING OF THE AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS' They include provisions for modernization ASSOCIATION to say that the Congress will allow this pres of the airways s:vstems, airport. development, ent source of revenue to disappear altogether? It is a pleasure and an honor to have been and even for the highway feeder systems We are looking for other revenue sources, invited to address this most distinguished which serve air facilities. A part of the pro too. In Massachusetts we added a two-cents group. I am proud to be here with the men gram wiU be underwritten by airways users. per-pack tax on cigarettes to expand our who keep America "on the move," But I hope They will be assured through the creation Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. you realize what happens when you invite a of a "designated account" into which their Perhaps we could utilize a portion of the tax Washington official to come to dinner in De taxes wm be paid, that their contributions on alcoholic beverages. troit. Will not be diverted to non-aviation pur In this connection I might point out that What with 500-mile-an-hour jet planes, poses. we received considerable support from an un and the 1 hour time difference between here But, I did not come here to talk only about expected quarter. The Jenney Refining Com and Washington, the Secretary of Trans air travel. We have not fastened our atten pany, a regional chain of service stations, portation had the pleasure of driving through tion on the noisy holding pattern above at spent thousands of dollars on full-page ads rush-hour traffic in both cities! the expense of the traffic congestion below. in the Boston papers urging support of rapid Of course the traffic jams these days are With the demand for automobiles being what transit. not only on our streets and highways-we It is-our ground transportation system must Bill Jenney maintained that he would have plenty of them in the airways too. A be made fast and efficient. Today 86 million never be able to sell oil and gasoline to ca.rs June 26, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17601 that weren't going anywhere, and he was in The third phase of automotive safety is, ment of credit unions in providing self strumental in convincing our electorate and of oourse, people. help assistance to our overseas friends. our legislature that public transportation is We have issued a number of highway safety Recently, credit unions in the United absolutely essential if we are to meet the standards in the area of better law enforce urban challenges four-square. ment; for instance we provide funds to States, working through the Agency for Gentlemen, I solicit your support for our develop more effective traffic court systems, to International Development, have begun public transportation legislation, and I sub achieve uniform traffic regulations, and to a program of credit union to credit un mit with great sincerity that such legisla improve police traffic services. ion loans in order to assist credit unions tion is, truly, in your best interests. It pays off. Right here in Michigan-and in South and Central America. The first We look forward to working closely with I pointed this out at the Sloan Safety Awards of these loans, for $7,000, was made by all of you toward helping solve a problem Luncheon in New York two weeks~ an Arizona credit union to a credit union that most definitely needs solving. percent of traffic fatalities involved viola Let's talk for just a few moments about tions of the law. We can make a major cut in Ecuador whose members are made up automobiles themselves. back in fatalities on our highways if we can mostly of small farmers. The loan will I am well aware that you men-and the emphaiSize---.and re-emphasize--that laws enable the credit union members in companies you represent-are looking to were made to be obeyed, not broken. Ecuador to purchase farm implements ward a new generation of automobiles that And this brings us to the greatest of all and other supplies. are easier to drive, cheaper to repair and in human fa111ngs when it oomes to death at The April 30 issue of Front Lines, a sure, and above all else, safer. the wheel-and I'm talking of course about publication of the Agency for Interna Let's face the fact that people can-and drinking and driving. There is no place wha..t tional Development, published a story sometimes do-drive dangerously. But they soever on any highway, anywhere, for that must be protected from the consequences of fatal mixture of aloohol and gasoline. about the credit union loan program those mistakes. The Nrut1onal Highway Saifety Bureau is from the United States to South and Let me re-cap for you, briefly, what our financing numerous state projects involving Central America. I am including a copy National Highway Safety Bureau has been the training of personnel in blood-alcohol of the article in my remarks since it so attempting to do in the recent past: testing, and in the procurement of the nec dramatically portrays the role of credit First, highways. lt is an unappreciated fact ~ry testing equipment. Since the passage unions in our foreign assistance pro that safety starts from the road up. For of the Highway Safety Act some fifteen states gram: every 5 miles of new interstate highway we have adopted sstatutes permitting tests of build, we save one life per year every year. drivers suspected of being drunk, or have "MINI" LOAN Is INITIATED To HELP ECUADOR If there were no other reasons for com improved existing laws, and some twenty FARMERS pleting the interstate system, this would be states have adopted implied consent startutes. Something new in international finance, reason enough. Drunken driving is one of America's worst a "mini" loan from members of a U.S. credit However, it is obvious that you can't re enemies, and we at the Departmen.t of Trans union to a small credit union in Ecuador, was build the entire highway system of the portation fully intend to do all we possibly made possible recently through AID's guar country overnight according to modern can to bring a halt to this most insidious anty extended risk program. standards. Spot improvements at the most killer. The $7 ,000 loan with repayment guaran dangerous sites along the roads have to be In a recent speech, Tom Mann-your most teed by AID, sets the stage for other similar made. Over the past 5 years we have made capable association president-outlined an small loans on a people-to-people basis. some 18,000 spot improvements at a cost of excellent eight point program to cut the The Credit Union National Association's $1.2 billion. And this effort is paying off in death toll on our highways. He called for a overseas organization, CUNA International, safer passage for American drivers and their coordinated attack centered on vehicle safety, working with the Agency, is now proceeding families everywhere. highway desi~n. roadside hazards, drunken to execute nine loans for $300,000 from U.S. Second, vehicles. With the intention of driving law enforcement, vehicle mainte credit unions. They involve credit unions or reducing crash injuries and fatalities we nance, emergency medical service, pedes their· federations in El Salvador, Dominican are investigating a series of new devices. I trians, motorcycles and railroad crossings. Republic, Colombia and Bolivia. recently saw a film presentation of the air I thoroughly agree With Tom's statement FIRST LOAN BY ARIZONA CREDrr UNION bag system and was most impressed. that all of these potential hazards must be We are well aware that the automotive in treated as part of an interlocking system for The first "mini" loan was made by the dustry is taking a serious and a sincere look automotive safety. It would be ridiculous to Arizona Central Credit Union of Phoenix, at a wide array of devices and improvements focus the bulk of our attention on only one Arizona, to the La Guaranda Credit Union of that will enhance the safety of the motoring or a few of these areas. We have to attack Guaranda, Ecuador, whose members are public, and we applaud you for the worth on all fronts simultaneously. We want to mostly small farmers. It is a six percent loan while efforts you are making. work with you. We want you to work with us. maturing in five years. Individual borrowers are expected to pay 12 percent per annum You have our wholehearted support as you With your continuing leadership and our assistance, this Nation can achieve substan or less, a low rate in that South American continue safety research programs, and we country. stand ready to help you in any way we can. tial gains in automotive safety. You have it Within your power to make safety as fash U.S. credit unions-with some $2 b1llion As far as the actual mechanics of the vehi of their members' savings not directly em cle are concerned, I see a tremendous validity ionable as speed, comfort, and beauty. The opportunity to do so will be seized by leaders ployed in member loans-have long been in to what Ed Cole said in a speech in West terested in making person-to-person interna Virginia just a week ago tonight. He pointed possessed of a vision beyond today's produc tion schedules and profit margins. tional credit union loans. Congress encour ourt "the Industry has everything to lose aged the idea by authorizing extended risk and nothing to gain when we deliver prod I urge you to join with the President and me in creating this future. I am confident guaranties for up to $1 m1llion in overseas ucts of substandard quality to our custom credit union loans in a 1967 amendment to ers or fail to provide satisfactory service." that you will do so, and that together in the next years we shall perfect a system of trans the Foreign Assistance Act. Ed went on to say: "we pay a high penalty The credit union international loans pre :for defects in terms of costs for recall cam portation that is fully responsive to the needs of the American people. sent a departure in the use of extended risk paigns and warranty expenses. But we pay guarantees, which have been applied in se even more dearly in customer dissatisfaction Again, let me thank you for inviting me here this evening. I deeply appreciate the lected cases since 1962 to secure private U.S. and loss in owner loyalty which have det loans from banks or other financial institu rimental effects on repeat sales and public opportunity to meet with such an outstand reputation." ing group, and look forward to working tions such as insurance companies for pri vate business projects in developing coun Gentlemen, we a,ppreciate the efforts you closely with all of you in the months and years ahead. tries, or to insure U.S. private equity invest are making; we urge you to continue; we ments in such projects. know that a nation that can build a vehicle safe enough to take three men around the AID/ CUNA EFFORT moon can build a station wagon safe enough An agreement between the Agency and for our wives and children. CREDIT UNIONS CONTINUE TO CUNA International was signed February 15, In the months ahead, we in the Depart FOSTER INTERNATIONAL UNDER whereby this program would be managed by ment of Transportation are putting new em STANDING CUNA under AID surveillance. phasis on structural design, braking, light There are currently 2,651 credit unions in ing, handling, and anti-skid devices. We will South and Central America, whose savings upgrade present standards for tire perform HON. WRIGHT PATMAN total $57 m1llion. Loans made by these credit ance. Our support for such research is Justi OF TEXAS unions in the six-year period of the CUNA/ fied by the decrease in fatalities which has AID program total over $209 million. resulted, for example, from impact absorb IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES An agricultural production credit program ing steering columns. We know, as you do, Thursday, June 26, 1969 to help farmer-members was started in Ecua thart; there are gains to be made and lives to dor in 1965, with help of AID and serves as be saved when we apply the technical know Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, one of the a model for similar efforts in other countries. how that is the hallmark of the America.n outstanding aspects of our foreign as It requires a supply of borrowed money to automobile industry. sistance program has been the involve- augment the members' savings. This has led 17602 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 26, 1969 to the further use of AID's resources through Nowhere are we more deceived than But Mr. Moynihan pinpoints the antidote the guaranty of investments by U.S. credit when we believe that all the inner prob a recognition that man has a private and unions in loans to credit unions and federa lems that beset America can be cured personal side, a side once fulfilled through tions in the developing countries. religion. Whatever modern man thinks of with another "study" and a sufficient religion, he cannot stop seeking the kind dollop of dollars. There are limits to po of fulfillment it has traditionally offered. litical solutions, and I am happy to see Many of course continue to seek private such an influential and respected paper fulfillment by constancy to religion, and con CHRISTIAN MORALITY as the Wall Street Journal giving rec ceivably more could return. The non-relig ognition to these limits. ious can perhaps find personal meaning in The concluding sentences say: personal values or rationalistic philosophy. HON. PAUL J. FANNIN But they will not find it in the easy answer Modern man has turned too often and too of politics and government. Modern man OF ARIZONA easily to the State for answers to all his IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES may reject the majesty of the church, but problems. He needs to recognize that there he will not find his substitute in the maj Thursday, June 26, 1969 are answers he must seek, if not in his soul, esty of the state. at least in his innermost self. "What is it government cannot provide? Mr. FANNIN. Mr. President, the Wall It cannot provide values to persons who Street Journal on June 20 published an To that I say "Amen." I ask unanimous consent that the edi have none, or who have lost those they had. excellent editorial entitled "The Limits It cannot provide a meaning to life. It can of Politics." It sets forth the quandry in torial be printed in the RECORD. not provide inner peace. It can provide out which modem day "rationalists" find There being no objection, the editorial lets for moral energies, but it cannot create themselves when they have cut off all was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, those energies. In particular, government recourse to the principles of Christian as follows: cannot cope with the crisis in values which morality. THE LIMITS OF POLITICS is sweeping the Western world." The Journal states: "The principal issues of the moment are This last is a warning not only to stu not political. They are seen as such: That ls dents seeking moral fulfillment in revolution, Rationalism leaves scant allowance for but also to those who seek to use politics original sin. If man's condition is not per the essential clue to their nature. But the crisis of the time is not political, it is in es to suppress the ideas the students repre fect, the problem is merely that rational doc sent, and above all to those who would use trines have not been implemented. Thus all sence religious. It is a religious crisis of large numbers of intensely moral, even Godly, politics to satisfy the sincere longings the power must be put at the disposal of these students' political activities express. Gov doctrines; any resistance to them ls heretical. people who no longer hope for God. Hence, the quest for divinity assumes a secular ernment can do none of these things; "the We now come to the historical per form, but with an intensity of conviction limits of politics must be perceived, and the spective of this philosophy: that is genuinely new to our politics." province of moral philosophy greatly ex The philosophical tones are those of Daniel panded." The destination of this drift ls totalitarian Precisely so. Modern man has turned too ism. Indeed, a fascination with various totali P. Moynihan, addressing the graduates of the University of Notre Dame. The urban soci often and too easily to the State for answers tarian ideologies was fashionable among Eu to all his problems. He needs to recognize ropean intellectuals until it was chilled by ologist and Presidential adviser muses on the crisis of values sweeping our civilization that there are answers he must seek, if not the ferocious reality of the Third Reich. The in his soul, at least in his innermost self. chill is now abating, and in any event mem manifesting itself most obtrusively in student bers of the Students for a Democratic Society rebellion. Mr. Moynihan's insights help to are too young to recall where the path led show that the attitudes of the rebellious stu the last time. dents merely reflect the intellectual currents of our times. TWO THOUSANDTH GARY CORPS This seems to me to be a most impor These tricky currents, he suggests, have tant observation. sources as remote and as elemental as the MAN EARNS HIGH SCHOOL EQUIV Quoting Presidential adviser Daniel P. great Enlightenment itself. Though Chris ALEN CY tianity still lives for many people, growth Moynihan, the editorial says: of rationalism since the Eighteenth Century What ls it government cannot provide? It has involved a rejection of much of the HON. J. J. PICKLE to cannot provide values persons who have older Christian doctrine. But rational mod OF TEXAS none, or who have lost those they had. It ~rn man has not rejecte~ Christian morality; IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cannot provide a meaning to life. It cannot instead he has secularized it. Rationalism provide an inner peace.... The limits of also, has not abolished man't thirst for some~ Thursday, June 26, 1969 politics must be perceived, and the province thing transcendental, and the great modern of moral philosophy greatly expanded. temptation is to turn to politics in a vain Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, although attempt to quench the thirst. the Job Corps program continues to come The editorial writer points out that we The rationalizing and secularizing of mor under fire, they are still rendering a great are in our present embroglio over issues ality has robbed the mystery from contem service to the underprivileged youth of which are not, at bottom, political-they plation of good and evil. Christian tradition our Nation. In this hour of attack, I am are, in essence, religious. Man has a pri carried a touch of the Stoic. Man should especially proud to include in the RECORD vate and personal side which can never combat evil in this world, but if it resists an example of what can be done. be satisfied by the state. his best efforts, perhaps it is God's will. In The Gary Job Corps Center in San Modern man may reject the majesty of contrast, if man is a rational creature and Marcos, Tex., recently approved the the church- if society is his handiwork, there is no ex cuse for bearing any blotch upon it. 2,000th young man for a high school Says the editorial- From this arises a great moral fervor. equivalency certificate. Think of the im but he will not find his substitute in the Modern man demands that society conform pact--2,000 young men who would have majesty of the state. to Christian morality, but without the tra been, in all probability, high school drop ditions Christianity had evolved to temper outs. Instead of becoming a drain upon Each of us must have his private faith its fervor. Rationalism leaves scant allowance society, these 2,000 now have adequate or philosophy that cannot be imparted by for original sin. If man's condition is not per tools to cope with an educated world. a government or a bureaucracy. While fect, the problem is merely that rational doctrines have not been implemented. Thus They have tools that would have been America has always adhered to the prin all power must be put at the disposal of denied them had it not been for the ded ciple that church and state should be these doctrines; any resistance to them is icated work of Job Corps instructors. separated, that must not be construed to heretical. I include the following article from the mean that the State can supplant the The destination of this drift is totalitar June 19 San Marcos Record at this point chw·ch--or that mankind's spiritual iani::om. Indeed, a fascination with various in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD for the needs can be ministered to by the State. totalitarian ideologies was fashionable among benefit of all of my colleagues interested The two should be separate-except European intellectuals until it was chilled by in Job Corps-friend and critics alike: where they join in the individual-but the ferocious reality of the Third Reich. The chill is now abating, and in any event mem Two THOUSANDTH CORPSMAN EARNS HIGH each is essential. bers of the Students for a Democratic Society SCHOOL EQUIVALENCY The great tragedy of our modern day, are too young to recall where the path led the Robert D. Smith, son of Mr. and Mrs. S. H. as I see it, is that spirituality has been last time. Smith of 2305 Arabella, Houston, became the deadened by the infusion of politics and These intellectual currents are bound to 2,000th Gary Job Corpsman to earn a high political life suffers from a lack of work themselves out no matter what any school equivalency certificate. He scored spirituality. one does, and they bode no easy time ahead. "above average" in all categories tested. June 26, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17603 Smith has been enrolled in Job Corps for religious groups and unions. It is due in U.S. YARDS GEARING UP FOR NIXON four and a half months and is training to great part to high property values and MARITIME PROGRAM become an auto partsman. He dropped out of school after completing the seventh grade high labor and construction costs. The because, "I wasn't making any progress and total of all these expenses make it near to impossible for a sponsor to hold proj HON. THOMAS M. PELLY I got disgusted." Even though entry test OF WASHINGTON soores showed a reading level of eighth grade ect costs within the limits established and ma.th computation at slightly less than by the Federal Government for assist IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sixth gvade, he soon qualified to enter the ance eligibility. I know that these prob Thursday, June 26, 1969 General Educational Development (GED) lems confront other cities, too. program and was able to progress to the point The bill I am introducing today would Mr. PELLY. Mr. Speaker, President of a high school equivalency. Nixon's campaign pledge last fall setting "I became interested in Job Corps by ac help urban areas across the country to eliminate this cost pinch, for it would forth his intention to restore the United cident. A friend got a letter from the Texas States as a first-rate maritime power Employment Commission asking him to re provide space over Federal buildings at port for a Job Corps interview. He asked me no cost for the construction of low- and could Portend the beginning of a bright to go with him and I did. We both signed up moderate-income !lousing. Thus a major new era in American maritime history. and came to Gary," Smith stated. He added, hurdle blocking the construction of such This was the position taken in a speech "Job Corps is a great place for someone who housing would be eliminated. delivered by Edwin Hood, president of really wants to learn and better themselves. Multiple purpose construction is not the Shipbuilders Council of America, in I now plan to work my way through college a unique concept. Indeed, most city a maritime day address before Seattle as an auto partsman and, someday, become business and maritime leaders on an accountant." apartments house stores on the street May 23. Gary is the largest Job Corps Center in the level. And, in New York City a special Nation with an average enrollment of 3,000 education construction fund has been Mr~ Hood's message has great meaning young men between the ages of 16 through established for the construction of com to all of us interested in strengthening 21 and offers a program of basic education bined school and apartment house build our "4th arm of defense," our merchant all.d. job skill training in 34 vocational areas. ings. This combination has proved to be marine, and because of its timeliness The GED program is a part of basic education and its importance, I insert the text of and is designed to enhance the corpsman's most successful. the speech at this point in the RECORD: employability. An immediate opportunity to con struct a post office/apartment building U.S. YARDS GEARING UP FOR NIXON MARITIME Joe Pitts, Director of Education and Train PROGRAM ing, stated, "We place a great deal of impor lies in mid-Manhattan. The Post Office tance in the GED program. Experience has Department is currently planning to This is somewhat of a return engagement taught us that a great number of our grad for me, and I must say I feel highly hon build a four story postal facility on the ored. Many of you may recall that I spoke uates were somewhat restricted in opportu Murray Hill site. The airspace over the nities without a high school education or its here on Maritime Day five years ago. equivalency. We feel that a young man is post office, occupying a full city block, To paraphrase an old proverb, much water much better equipped to compete for gain could-and I believe should-be used for has passed through Puget Sound in the ful employment if he has an equivalency an apartment building. meantime. But, the other day, as I re-read certificate to supplement his job skill train During the past 6 months, Secretary that 1964 speech, I was struck by the fact ing." George Romney has talked a lot about that little has changed with respect to the American merchant marine. experimental housing and "break Maritime Day was intended-then as now through" programs. Here is an oppor and always-as a day of commemoration and APARTMENTS OVER FEDERAL tunity for the Department of Housing celebration, but as one views the present BUILDINGS and Urban Development Secretary to state of our nation's shipping resources, open a new housing resource. I am urg there is little cause for celebration and not ing Secretary Romney to work with much more to commemorate. HON. EDWARD I. KOCH Postmaster General Winton Blount in There have of course been some noteworthy OF NEW YORK developing a multiple-purpose building developments in both our shipping and ship IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES building enterprises in the past several which would provide a national example years-in the past decade for that matter. Thursday, June 26, 1969 of how airspace over Federal buildings Our ship operators have sponsored new can be utilized for housing some of our concepts for water transportation. Our ship Mr. KOCH. Mr. Speaker, I am intro country's people so desperately in need yards have produced the most sophisticated ducing a bill today with 14 of my New of better shelter. merchant ships ever designed by man. With York City colleagues to enable the Gen The following is my bill which is be typical American ingenuity and inventive eral Services Administrator to transfer, ing referred to the Public Works Com ness, the technology of both shipping and at no cost, air rights over Federal build mittee: shipbuilding has advanced substantially in ings to nonprofit low- and middle-in H.R. 12462 our country under what can only be de come housing sponsors and public hous scribed as less than optimum circumstances. A bill to authorize the Administrator of Gen With the same versatility, the logistics of ing authorities. Under present law, air eral Services to transfer certain airspace supplying our servicemen in Southeast space in excess of Government needs can for use for housing purposes Asia,-.and elsewhere around the world-have be rented or sold, but at fair market Be it enacted by the Senate and House been accomplished largely with ships of in value. of Representatives of the United States of creasing antiquity and diminishing numbers. In our Nation's cities, where space is America in Congress assembled, That when For these accomplishments, we have every at such a premium, many Federal build ever the Administrator of General Services reason to celebrate. ings, and particularly post offices, lie low determines that the airspace over any public But, our rejoicing can only be muffled by building of the United States is not needed awesome realities on the other side of the between their. towering neighbors. The to carry out a governmental function, he is ledger. airspace above these Federal buildings is authorized to transfer such airspace without The American-flag merchant marine has unoccupied. In the Borough of Manhat consideration to any person for the construc carried a steadily decreasing volume of our tan alone, there are over 30 postal facili tion within such airspace (1) of low- and own trade and commerce: the figure today is ties which rise four stories or less. moderate-income housing covered by a mort approximately 5 percent. Ships 20 years of This waste of space continues while gage insured under section 221(d) (3) of the age and older compose nearly 80 percent of land prices soar and while apartment va National Housing Act which receives the our maritime fleet: only minimal attention benefits of the below-market interest rate has been given to the replacement of these cancy rates plumet. In New York City provided for in the proviso in section 221 war-built vessels. the vacancy rate is now less than 1 per (d) (5) of such Act or (2) of low-rent hous There has been a widening gap between cent. ing assisted under the U.S. Housing Act of the demand for American ships and the sup In addition, low- and moderate-income 1937. Such transfer shall be on such terms ply of American ships. There has been no housing construction in New York City and conditions as the Administrator of Gen national commitment to the coordinated de has declined dramatically. Total con eral Services deems necessary to protect the velopment of an adequate, suitable and re struction of multiple dwelling units in interests of the United States and to insure liable shipping fleet: as a consequence, na 1968 numbered 10,228 as compared to that if such property ever ceases to be used tional maritime policy has been in a sad for such low- and moderate-income housing state of disarray. In the absence of specific 43,043 in 1964. · or such low-rent housing, it shall revert to goals and adequate support, various seg The decline has come even though the United States, or the United States will ments of the maritime community have been sponsorship for low- and moderate be paid adequate compensation for such buffeted by confusion, dissension, uncer income housing is readily available from airspace. tainty, false promises anci endless hope. 17604 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 26, 1969 Meanwnue, the Soviet Union has emerged promote economic stability is persistent. remote possibility that an exemption to the as a maritime power of impressive strength Competition for national resources and Fed Jones Act might be granted. and quality. In about two years, the Russian eral funding is thus increasingly intense. I remember talking with him more than maritime fleet will surpass the American In this atmosphere, the needs of the Amer two years ago about a proposal to develop merchant marine in both tonnage and num ican merchant marine will not be oonsidered suitable vessels to carry liquifled natural bers of ships. This remarkable maritime in isolation. They must be Justified on a gas from Alaska to Hawaii under a Joint growth has been accomplished in the rela logical and sound national interest basis. industry-government maritime research pro tively short span of the past decade. While These needs, no matter how urgent, cannot gram. For the same service, he told me of we have been withering and drifting, the escape the assignment of a priority . which anot her proposal involving American built communists have been growing and moving has a relation to all of the nation's other barges and no government assistance. on a fixed course at sea. They have been pressing wants. He was most enthus.iastic about both ideas, steadfast in their purpose: we have been Maritime industry and labor, as well as but his enthusiasm was apparently lost on indecisive. government, thus face an imposing chal those who even now want a shortcut excep We should not commemorate these phe lenge. On the one hand, the ills of the mer tion to long established, time proven law for nomena, my friends, for they strike at the chant marine cannot be remedied without a particular situation regardless of the po very foundations of our capability to survive greater expenditures of government funds tential adverse impact on other sections of as a nation virtually surrounded by water than has been the case in the recent past. the country. They would substitute foreign and dependent upon the seas for commerce On the other hand, pressures to minimize labor and foreign ships for American labor and protection. or level governmental expenditures for mari and American built ships. They would Yet, on Maritime Day 1969, it seems to me time purposes c.an be expected to continue. ignore the tremendous investments in Ameri that we can properly commemorate the clear Some medium course between these two can built ships already made by other Ameri vision of the need for change, the need for extremes is surely within the realm of possi can citizens by virtue of the Jones Act. decisiveness and the need for action which bility. But accomplishment, it occurs to me, That is not to imply that the needs of these happenings so powerfully dictate. will demand ideas, approaches and attitudes Hawaii-or any other State of this Union President Nixon recognizes the need for different from those of the past. are unimportant. What I mean is simply change. He has declared his intention to re The costs of building ships, the costs of this: let us accept the cold facts of life. as store the United States as a first-rate mari operating ships, and the costs of paying Senator Bartlett used to suggest, the Jones time power which it certainly is not today. American craftsmen and seamen will always Act is here to stay; let's not be deluded; let's His advisers will shortly present to him a be in direct proportion to our high standard get on with the task of finding ways and blueprint for redevelopment of the nation's of living. No apology on this score should means for using American built vessels in maritime resources in conformance with the ever be necessary. But, we should strive to our domestic trades; let's not hem and haw, desirable goals he defined here in Seattle last offset this self-evident truth with greater procrastinate and mesmerize ourselves into Fall. Among other objectives, he promised vision, greater initiative, greater imagina believing that the Congress will suddenly support for a domestic shipbuilding program tion, greater enthusiasm, greater energy and reverse the accumulated logic and wisdom to produce a fleet of American-flag merchant greater productivity. of nearly two centuries. ships capable of carrying 30 percent of the That new, modern merchant ships are In almost the same context, the develop nation's trade and commerce instead of the needed for defense and commerce is an estab ing requirements for tankers to move crude present deplorable 5 percent. lished fact. To increase from a level of 5 oil from Alaska to refineries on the West The expected program to carry out this percent to 30 percent carriage of U.S. Coast and East Coast are being discussed. ambitious objective comes "at the end of exports and imports in American bottoms by With regularity, over the past six months, the beginning" of the Nixon Administration. the mid-1970's, as envisoned by President there have been misleading comments ques There is reason for optimism. It could, and Nixon, the U.S. flag merchant marine will tioning the ability of American shipyards to indeed must, mark the end of a serious require many more merchant ships than produce tankers in sufficient numbers or downward trend toward maritime extinction. have been ordered and delivered in recent adequate sizes, to accommodate the tre It could, and must, constitute the begin years. mendous volume of North Slope oil which will flow to American markets in the 1972- ning of a bright new era in American mari In keeping with accepted economic axioms, time history. It will surely have strong bi 1980 period. it can be anticipated that shipbuilding ca Various methods of transportation, includ partisan support in the Congress. pacity in this country will be equal to any Senator Warren G. Magnuson of this State. ing pipelines, are under consideration. The expanding demand. This has been demon numbers of tankers that will be needed in the influential Ct-airman of the Senate Com strated in the past. Every major U.S. yard merce Committee, has long been a leader in 1972 and later are still far from exact. Un is at this moment engaged on either an up til the test voyage of a supertanker-the the advocacy of measures for revitalization grading or expansion program. Lockheed of the American merchant marine similar to SS Manhattan-through the Northwest those now advanced by President Nixon. Shipbuilding and Todd Shipyards are very Passage this Summer is completed, until de Senator Henry M. Jackson, from nearby much in this group. But there would be cisions are reached as to routes and tanker Everett, has been a longtime supporter of no point in building ships merely to keep sizes, it is difficult to determine whether the our shipyards occupied. Newly delivered demand will be for twenty 250,000 dwt. tank the merchant marine; as a member of the ships should and must be put to active use, Senate Armed Services Committee, he is ers or twenty 70,000 dwt. tankers or both. profitably employed, projecting our national Nonetheless, on April 30, 1969, Congress among those who view our shipping and ship interests. building capabilities as fundamental com man Howard W. Pollock of Alaska said: "I ponents of national security. If the 30 percent target is to be attained see no reason why these ships can't be built On the other side of the political aisle, and the United States will never again be a in American shipyards with American labor." Congressman Thomas M. Pelly of this City, a first rate maritime power unless it is This is the prevailing view of the Congress. ranking member of the House Merchant American industry and American business Yet, there are those-some from Congress the American public-will have to be con Marine & Fisheries Committee, has consist man Pollock's home territory-who want to ently championed the proposition that U.S. vinced of the merit of shipping on U.S. use foreign-built ships. shipping and shipyards are vital to our eco vessels. They will have to be convinced that To them-and other skeptics-let me say nomic well-being and to a favorable balance the American merchant marine can be ade most emphatically that the U.S. shipbuilding of international payments. quate and reliable. They will have to be industry is gearing up to supply whatever But for the efforts of these three c:Mstin convinced that shipping by U.S. flag vessels types of ships-in whatever numbers-that guished public servants-and others-in can, in most trades, be no more expensive will be needed for the Alaskan trades. In marshalling Congress·ional cohesiveness, the than shipping by foreign flag vessels. In the last several months, three American American merchant marine would be in such a promotional effort, industry, labor yards have announced plans to build tank and government must share coordinate worse shape than it now is. If anything, the ers in the 200,000/ 250,000 dwt. range. At role of the Congress in the last decade can responsibility. least two o\her yards are understood to be be likened to the legendary character who Those who need to be persuaded must be developing innovations to permit construc kept his finger in the dike to prevent a com convinced on a variety of issues if the tion of supertankers. plete disaster. nation's maritime dilemma is to be resolved. Clearly, no exception to the Jones Act is To be sure, the Congress alone cannot hold This applies broadly. necessary. With proper planning and mutual back the tide indefinitely. Nor will the Ad On more than one occasion, the late Sen faith in one another, oil companies, tanker ministration's program, however promising, ator E. L. (Bob) Bartlett--a highly respected operators and shipyards can coordinate the guarantee utopia. There are many problems member of the Congress; perhaps one of the supply and demand for tankers to serve to be solved; many obstacles to surmount; most knowledgable on maritime and ship Alaska. In a like spirit of cooperation, all many responsible voices to be heard; and yard problems-expressed the belief that the other problems of the American merchant many planning, financial and ti.seal bridges m ood of the Congress did not favor a change marine ca.n be solved-without detriment to to cross. in the Jones Act which reserves the domestic national security and without violation to The task will not be easy! waterborne trades of the United States to American industry and American labor. Our nation is today beset with a host of American built ships. In the alternative, he And, so my friends, as we observe Mari domestic and international problems of espoused the pragmatic view that more time Day 1969, we may be momentarily un nearly incomprehensible dimensions. Social vision, more imagination and more planning sure, but certainly not bowed. We could well urban, crime and defense problems vie for was necessary on the part of anyone predi be marking the end of a gloomy period in solution. The urge to curb inflation and to cating a shipping venture on the extremely American maritime history and the begin- June 26, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17605 ning of a new age of maritime thinking and local drive to raise $3,500 to commission their daughter Susan. and the rest of action which could lead our nation to un a portrait of Mr. Davis to hang in the his familf. precedented effectiveness on the oceans. As Plato wrote many years ago: "The beginning museum. The drive opened at 8 o'clock is the most important part of the work." this morning, and $1,200 was raised in the In this sense, we can look to the future first 2 hours. I have not been in touch with renewed optimism. with Claremore since then, but I would U.S. COAST GUARD AUXILIARY 30TH be surprised if the entire amount is not BIRTHDAY raised today. The opening of this museum is one HON. CHARLES E. CHAMBERLAIN MAGNIFICENT GUN MUSEUM more impcrtant step in the development OPENING IN OKLAHOMA of northeastern Oklahoma as a place of OF MICWGAN appeal and interest to all Americans. I IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES hope my colleagues will find the oppor Thursday, June 26, 1969 HON. ED EDMONDSON tunity to visit us soon. OF OKLAHOMA Mr. CHAMBERLAIN. Mr. Speaker, this IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES year the U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary ob serves its 30th birthday. On June 23, Thursday, June 26, 1969 TRIBUTE TO HON. WILLIAM H. 1939, Congress established the auxiliary Mr. EDMONDSON. Mr. Speaker, to BATES as a means of assisting the Coast Guard morrow is a redletter day for the people in promoting boating safety. The tre of northeastern Oklahoma. It marks the mendous growth and popularity of recre opening of the J. M. Davis Gun Museum HON. WILLIAM S. BROOMFIELD ational boating, which in recent years at Claremore to the public. This museum OF MICffiGAN has made many of our waterways re will house the world's largest privately semble our urban highways at rush hour, owned collection of :firearms, and its IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES underscores the vital importance of this opening is a tribute to the will and dedi Monday, June 23, 1969 organization. cation of the people of Claremore. Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. Speaker, we During 1968, a total of 4,195 boating Mr. James Monroe Davis, who for all feel a deep sense of loss today caused accidents were reported, resulting in many years has displayed part of this by the passing of one of our most be 1,342 fatalities, 1,284 other personal in collection at his hotel in Claremore, loved and distinguished colleagues. BILL juries and over $6¥2 million in damage. started his collection when he was 7 BATES will be sorely missed by everyone I am sure that without the work of the years old, when his father gave him a who knew him. BILL BATES was a quiet, Coast Guard Auxiliary and other like dollar and a half muzzle loading shot sincere, and dedicated American. He was minded, dedicated groups and programs gun. He is 82 years old now, and still a man molded in the image of the best this incredible toll would have been sub collecting guns. American traditions. stantially higher. As we approach Na The collection now has 20,000 :firearms, I can recall seeking his expert advice tional Safe Boating Week-June 29-July more or less, and when cataloging is and counsel on many, many occasions, 4-there could be no better time to salute complete and the entire collection is put especially in matters dealing with na the auxiliary for its service to our citi on display, the story of the complete tional security. BILL BATES was that kind zens and to focus greater public atten evolution of :firearms will be shown. of man-the kind you felt you could tion on the need for additional effort to The story of this public museum began turn to for advice in deciding a matter cope with the tragedy on the waters of in 1965, when Mr. Davis issued a letter of conscience. His advice was always of our Nation. of intent to the State of Oklahoma. In fered in the most gracious and helpful At this point I insert an article, "The this letter, he offered to lease the entire manner. As the ranking minority mem U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary Celebrates its collection to the State for 99 years for ber of the House Armed Services Com 30th Anniversary," appearing in the June the sum of $1, with an option to renew, mittee, his expertise and up-to-date in 1969 issue of the "Proceedings of the if the State would provide suitable hous formation were unquestioned. And, we Merchant Marine Council": ing. As a result of this letter, the Gov could depend that in matters affecting THE U.S. COAST GUARD AUXILIARY CELEBRATES ernor appointed a commission of five national security, BILL BATES always put ITS 30TH ANNIVERSARY members, which began making plans for sincere good judgment above any poten (NoTE.-At one time or another during the the museum. When plans were complete, tial for partisan gain. 1969 boating season, you will probably oome the State legislature appropriated $500,- It was typical of BILL BATES' character in contact with the activities of a unique 000, plus an operating budget, and work that he began in public life by selflessly boating organization-The U.S. Coast Guard on the building was started. laying aside his chosen career in the U.S. Auxiliary. Auxiliary members will be busy The part of the building which is be this year, as they have been for the last 30 Navy. He did so to continue serving the years, promoting boating safety in almost ing opened tomorrow contains 14,400 people of Massachusetts in the fine tra every waterside community in the country.) square feet, with 239 lighted cases to dis dition of his father, the Honorable The Coast Guard auxiliary dates back to play 10,000 :firearms, or only about half George J. Bates, following the latter's un 1939, though the concept of the organization the entire collection. An interesting side timely death in an air crash. BILL BATES had been proposed long before. After World light is the fact that the 10,000 :fire assumed his new career with the same War I, recreational boating began to steadily arms to be displayed initially have never vigor and dedication that he devoted to increase, so much so that by the end of the before been publically displayed. In addi every task he undertook. thirties it emerged as one of the most popu Mr. lar sports in the nation. Unfortunately, this tion to the many, many guns Davis Mr. Speaker, no one can describe ad rise in populiarilty was paralleled by a corre displayed at his hotel, seven rooms of equately the grief BILL BATES' family and sponding jump in boating accidents and the hotel were filled with pieces of the loved ones are suffering at this moment. fatalities. The Coast Guard had found itself collection stacked like cordwood. The All of us who knew and admired him are in an uncomfortable position. On one hand museum staff will continue to catalog experiencing somewhat the same sense it was required by law to enforce Federal items in the collection and open addi of tragedy. But the real loss has been requirements but on the other, the service tional sections to the public as the cata was hampered in its mission by inadequate suffered by the American people-the numbers of vessels and personnel. With the loging is completed. American people to which BILL BATES job steadily pulling ahead of the Coast Mr. Davis' admirable collecting in devoted his life and energy. Although Guard year by year, the atmosphere was stincts did not stop at firearms, and visi his quiet and self-effacing nature may right for a new approach, and it was not tors to the J.M. Davis Gun Museum at have made him a remote and even an long in coming. Claremore also will see more than 2,000 unknown figure to many Americans, he A group of prominent yachtsmen proposed steins, a large collection of Indian arti was their friend and their servant dur the formation of an organization composed facts, saddles, statuary, pocketknives, of owners of motorboats and yachts volun ing all of his years in Congress. America tarily affiliated with the Coast Guard. This cannon, and other items of interest. cannot afford to lose men of the caliber boating group could assist the Coast Guard Mr. Speaker, tomorrow truly is a great of BILL BATES. in the promotion of safety at sea by becoming day for the people of Claremore. To give I know, Mr. Speaker, that each one of proficient in all phases of seamanship and you an illustration of the local interest us here today joins in extending the navigation, and by encouraging other boat in this museum, let me tell you about the most sincere condolences to Mrs. Bates, men to follow their example. CXV--1109-Part 13 17606 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 26, 1969 The plan won the wholehearted support fresher for the more experienced boaters. ing as a cadet from a physical, mental, and of the Commandant of the Ooa&t Guard, Basic Seamanship in an eight-lesson course moral viewpoint. The Auxiliary pays his way Adm. R. R. Waesche, and on June 23, 1939, given over an 8-week period with homework to and from the Academy and promotes lo Congress established the Auxiliary under the assignments and practical work in between. cal publicity. Auxiliarists devote much time name of the Coast Guard Reserve. Thus to Subjects covered include boat construction, and money to this worthwhile project With day's Auxiliary became and still is, the only maneuvering, charts a.nd compasses, marlln candidates coming from as far away as boating organization in the country spe spike seamanship, aids to navigation, rules Alaska. Last year 143 young men participated cifically authorilzed and established iby Con of the road, legal responsibiUties, and safe in the program. gress. operation. JOINING THE AUXILIARY During the second World War, Auxiliary All three public education courses are members distinguished themselves on the taught only by qualified Coast Guard Aux The Auxiliary is eager to accept new mem home front. A new and fully military re iliary instructors. These men and women have bers. Although the rolls total over 25,000 at serve was established by Congress in Feb had years of experience on the water and are this time, a newly announced goal projects ruary 1941, and the old reserve was renamed well acquainted with the subjects they are an increase to 100,000 members. Both men the Coast Guard Auxiliary. Auxiliarists and teaching. Each has completed a special and women may apply for membership. You Temporary Reservists did their share in de course of training and practice teaching t.o must be at least 17 years old, a U.S. citizen, fense of the country by performing beach prepare himself for his assignment. If you and own at least a 25 percent interest in a patrols, harbor patrols, hurricane watches, should elect t.o take an Auxiliary course, you motorboat, yacht, aircraft, or radio station. search and rescue missions, and port secu are assured of receiving quality instruction. The owner-3hip requirement may be waived if you have special qualifications making you a rity activiities. Their efforts !,reed regular SAFE BOATING CHECKS Coastguardsmen from routine stateside desirable addition to the Auxiliary. duties and allowed them to become an in Another major education program of the Individuals accepted for membership at tegral part of the naval forces fighting Coast Guard Auxiliary is the courtesy exami the Auxiliary undergo an initial Ba.sic Quali nation of motorboats. Next to the boating overseas. fication Course. They learn elements of sea Following the war, the Auxiliary reverted course, the Courtesy Motorboat Examination manship, piloting, weather, communications, to its peace-time missions and gradually de (CME) is the best known trademark of the Auxiliary history and organization, as well as Auxiliary. Courtesy examinations are pro veloped its wide range of programs that are many other subjects. When they have suc so well known today. Each activity was vided as a free public service for the benefit cessfully passed this course, they graduate of boat.owners and are performed only by based on the responsibilities explicitly set from a conditional member status to regular specific request. It ls, in effect, a private prac forth by Congress: " . . . to assist the Coast membership. This entitles them to participate tical education program involving a valuable Guard: in all of the programs of the Auxiliary, such exchange of boating safety information. as Courtesy Examination, Operations, In To promote safety and effect rescues on Courtesy Motorboat Examinations are con and over the high seas and on the navigable struction, and Public Education. ducted by specially designated members of Perhaps the most attractive program avail waters; the Auxiliary who, like instructors, have To promote efficiency in the operation of able to regular members is that of advanced completed a period of intensive training and membership training. Every basically quali motorboats and yachts; testing. Auxiliarists who complete this train To foster a wider knowledge of, and better fied Auxiliarist has the opportunity to ad ing are considered to be among the most vance his nautical training in one of seven compliance with, the laws, rules, and regu knowledgeable of boatmen. Each courtesy ex lations governing the operation of motor fields of operational speciality-Seamanship, aminer is fully aware of the intricacies of Navigation, Patrol Procedures, Search and boats and yachts; and state and Federal law as they pertain to rec To facilitate the other operations of the Rescue, Administration, Weather, and Com reational boats. They know exactly what munications. The advanced courses in each Coast Guard. types of equipment ·belong on each class of Thus, the duties of the Auxiliary actually of these areas go far beyond those usually boat and also have other recommendations offered by other groups, giving Auxiliarists a are reduced into two basic channels: in they consider essential for truly safe boat structing the public in safe boating and chance to become true experts in the field of assisting the Coast Guard in operational ing. their choosing. Those who become proficient Boatmen who pass the CME are given a matters. in all seven subjects are elevated to Opera decal-the Seal of Safety-which is displayed tional Membership (AUXOP) , the highest EDUCATING FELLOW BOATMEN on their boats. This decal is an indication achievement in the Auxiliary. Undoubtedly, the greatest service of the that the boat not only meets federal regula Remember, the Auxiliary is a voluntary, Coast Guard Auxiliary is its public educa tions, but also goes far beyond in safety nonmilitary organization. Though there is an tion program. Last year more than 180,000 standards and required equipment. Because authorized uniform, it is optional for each boatmen all over the country benefited from of the obvious value of the CME, boats dis member. The organization's close affiliation this instruction. Though it is nearly impos playing the decal normally will not be with the Coast Guard remains strictly civil sible to pinpoint the amount of good the boarded by the regular Coast Guard or most in nature and does not in any way constitute education program is doing in terms of lives State enforcement officials unless an appar inactive or active military service. saved and accidents averted, boatmen are ent violation in operation or equipment is If you should have any questions about convinced that the Auxiliary's training noted. any of the programs of the Auxiliary, or are activities have a positive effect on making SAVING LIVES interested in joining the organization, con boating safe. Although rece!ving less publicity than they tact the nearest flotilla in your area or write There are three different courses to choose deserve, the Coast Guard Auxiliary's opera the Direct.or of Auxiliary in any of the fol from, each designed to meet the needs of a tional activities help thousands of recrea lowing locations: particular segment of the boating popula tional boaters each year who are in trouble. Director of Auxlli.ary, First Ooast Guard tion. Auxiliarists cooperate With the Coast Guard District, J . F. Kennedy Federal Bldg., Gov The Outboard Motorboat Handling Course and State boating officials t.o augment their ernment Center, Boston, Mass. 02203. is intended to present the novice outboarder forces for search and rescue missions, safety Director of Auxiliary, Second Ooast Guard With the basic knowledge required for the patrols, and regatta patrols. Members take District, Federal Building, 1520 Market safe operation of his boat. It is a one-lesson pride in the fact that the Auxiliary is the Street, St. Louis, Mo. 63103. course and lasts approximately 2 to 3 hours. only boating organization in the United Direct.or of Auxiliary, Third Coast Guard The classes vary in size from a few to hun States that provides these services on a regu District (NA}, Governors Island, New York, dreds at one time. The subjects presented by lar, scheduled basis. N.Y. 10004. the Auxiliary instructors in this course The success of the Auxiliary's operational Director of Auxiliary, Third Coast Guard cover the spectrum of boating activities efforts are evidenced by last year's statistics: District (SA), Coast Guard Base Gloucester, boat construction and terminology, life 128 lives saved, 4,540 regatta patrols con King a.nd Cumberland Streets, Gloucester, saving devices, overloading, legal require ducted, and 7,234 boats assisted. Hundreds of N.J. 08030. ments, seamanship, rules of the road, fuel Auxiliary members have received citations Director of Aux111a.ry, Fifth Coast Guard ing, aids to navigation, recommended equip from the Coast Guard for their heroism in District, 431 Crawford Street, Portsmouth, ment, and boat handling. rescue work, while thousands of others have Va.. 23705. The Safe Boating Course is more valuable earned the gratitude of countless boatmen Director of Auxiliary, Seventh Coast than the one-lesson course in that it covers they have saved or assisted. Guard District, M SW. First Avenue, Mia.mi, more ground and yet is still short in dura Fla. 33130. tion. It is presented in three lessons, gen PROJECT AIM erally 1 day a week over a 3-week period. Coast Guard Auxiliary units throughout Director of Auxiliary, Eighth Coast Guard Auxiliarists rely on this course for beach the country sponsor a 4-day visit to the Coast District, Custom House, New Orleans, La. and summer resort areas where vacationers Guard Academy for a selected number of 70130. operate boats for a relatively short period of high school students. Called the Academy In Director of Auxlllary, Nint h Ooast Guard time. troduction Mission, or Project AIM, this pro District, New Federal Building, 1240 East The Basic Seamanship Course is the main gram was initiated in 1955 to acquaint quali Ninth Street, Rm. 2021, Cleveland, Ohio stay of the Auxiliary's public education pro fied young men With the Academy and the 44199. gram. It is geared especially to those boat opportunity for a career in the Coast Guard. DireC'tor of Auxiliary, 11th Coast Guard owners who have little or no experience in Normally, each Auxiliary division selects a District, Heart weH Bldg., 19 Pine Avenue, boating, although it is valuable as a re- student who has the potential for qualify- Long Beach, Calif. 90802. June 26, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17607

Director of Auxiliary, 12th Coast Guard And in his custom-made London suits and AIDE TO DEWEY District, 630 Samsome Street, San Francisco, with his ever-present Schnauzer, he bore not For a few months after h{s graduation, Mr. Calif. 94126. the slightest resemblance to Perry Mason. Steinberg worked as an assistant on then Director of Auxilia.ry, 13th Coast Guard Yet Mr. Steinberg was the lawyer sought District Attorney Dewey's special investi District, 618 Second Avenue, Seaittle, Wash. and retained by one after another defendant gation of rackets in New York. He then went 98104. cha,rged with a so-called "white collar" crime, to the Securities and Exchange Commission Director of Auxiliary, 14th Coast Guard such as embezzlement, libel or fraud. And his as a junior attorney, and in 1938 returned District, 677 Ala Moan.a Boulevard, Honolulu, reputation, unlike that of several more well to New York to work for Mr. Dewey as an Hawaii 96813. known criminal lawyers, was as high on the assistant district attorney. He later served Director of Auxiliary, 17th Coast Guard judge's bench and the prosecutor's side of the as a consultant in several state investiga District, Post Office Box 3-5000, Juneau, courtroom as it was on the defendant's. tions. Alaska 99801. "Harris Steinberg exemplified the best of Mr. Steinberg was a partner flor 10 years in the traditions of the American criminal de Boyle, Feller & Reeves (now Boyle, Feller & fense lawyer, and was pre-eminent in his Hirsch) in New York. He was a member of HARRIS B. STEINBERG dedication and devotion to the administra the Association of the Ba.r of the City of tion of justice," Warren E. Burger, Chief Jus New York and served on many of the asso tice-designate of the United States said in a ciation's committees. HON. WILLIAM F. RYAN statement yesterday. Mr. Steinberg was known in legal circles OF NEW YORK Judge Burger is chairman of the American for his large private art collection and for his Bar Association's Project on Minimum Stand skill as a. oartcaturist. In addition, his wife IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ards for Criminal Justice, of which Mr. Stein said, he was a gourmet cook-"he had to Thursday, June 26, 1969 berg was also a member. learn, in self-defense, beoause I didn't know WELL-KNOWN CLIENTS how." Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker, it is with Mr. Steinberg leaves his wife, the former call Judge Burger's remarks were echoed by great sadness that I to the atten lawyers, professors and judges who knew Mr. Julie Sandler, with whom he lived at 22 East tion of my colleagues the death of Harris Steinberg as an advocate of judicial reform 36th Street, and two children, Dr. Robert B. Steinberg, noted defense attorney, and as a leading civil libertarian. But it was Steinberg, a resident in surgery at Yale-New who died on June 4. A -Phi Beta Kappa in his role as defender of such people as Haven Hospital, and Jane Steinberg, an as graduate of the City College of New York Ralph Ginzberg, publisher of Fact magazine, sistant editor at Mademoiselle magazine. in 1932, Mr. Steinberg went to Harvard and L. Judson. Morehouse, former chairman A funeral service will be held tomorrow at Law School where he graduated in 1935. of the New York State Republican party, tha.t 2:30 P.M. at Frank E. Campbell's, Madison Subsequently, he served as an assistant Mr. Steinberg became known to the public. Avenue at 81st street. In 1968, Mr. Steinberg served a.s the chief on Thomas E. Dewey's special investiga defense lawyer in the libel suit by Barry tion of rackets in New York. He worked Goldwater against Mr. Ginzberg. The 1964 briefly for the Securities Exchange Com Republican Presidential candidate charged STEEL IMPORTS mission as an attorney, and in 1938 Dis that Fact had defamed him when it pre trict Attorney Dewey appointed him as sented, in October, 1964, an article based on an assistant district atJtorney for New a mail poll of psychiatrists who were asked HON. JERRY L. PETTIS York County-a position he held for 5 to attest to Mr. Goldwater's psychological fit OF CALIFORNIA ness. years. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Throughout his career Harris Stein During the trial Mr. Steinberg brought into the courtroom a large blackboard, on which Thursday, June 26, 1969 berg earned the respec,t of his adver he drew a true and false "box score." Then, saries and a reputation for his dedica reading line by line through the article, he Mr. PETTIS. Mr. Speaker, a year and tion and devotion to the administration divided the statements into such categories one-half or more ago an ad hoc commit of justice. A constant defender of the as "true," "false," "false but accurately tee was formed for Members of this rights of the oppressed, Mr. Steinberg quoted" and "unimportant." House to deal with the serious problem once said: Mr. Goldwater, who had sought a. $2 mil of Japanese steel imports into the United lion verdict, was awarded $75,000. When the Constitution ls abused, people States particularly the west coast. get mad at the Constitution rather than at Two years earlier Mr. Steinberg was suc The statements of intent filed with the the abusers. cessful in saving a client fr.om a harsh sen tence: in the case of Robert Friede, a wealthy Secretary of State by Japanese and EGSC Harris Steinberg enjoyed a reputation youth cbMged with the homicide of his girl steel producers last year indicated a de as a thoroughly effective defense attor friend, the judge gave the defendant a two sire to help maintain an orderly steel ney. His courtroom work was much pub and-a-half year to five-year sentence. market in the United States. This would licized during the case of libel brought In that case, a 19-year-old girl had been be accomplished by a reduction of ex found dead in the trunk of Friede's car. She ports to the United States by these pro against Ralph Ginsburg by Senator had died from a narcotics injection adminis BARRY GOLDWATER. tered by Friede, but the judge found that ducers in the amount of approximately During my service as assistant district Friede had not intended to kill her. 22 percent in 1969 as compared to 1968. attorney of New York County I came to Throughout his career the short, baldish The statements further declared that know and admire Harris Steinberg. Not lawyer wrote and lectured about the role of they would try to maintain product mix only was he an able and talented the defense attorney as well as about de and patterns of distribution as they had lawyer, but he was a warm and sensi fects in criminal procedural law. At one been. point, in order to explain the ambivalence of Imports into the west coast for the first tive human being whose friendship I certain statutes, he told a group of law stu valued. He will be greatly missed. dents the following story: 4 months represent a glaring deviation I extend my deepest sympathy to Mrs. A woman found a revolver in her son's from the previously announced policy of Steinberg and to his two children, Dr. suitcase and called her lawyer to ask what she the Japanese. West coast imports are up Robert Steinberg and Jane Steinberg. should do with the weapon. The lawyer 4.3 percent over 1968. One out of every I include at this point in the RECORD called Mr. Steinberg, and he called the police 3 tons consumed represents imports-ap station. The police sergeant told Mr. Stein proximately triple the national rate. the New York Times obituary of June 5, berg not to bring the gun to the station, be 1969: On the other hand, the Nation as a cause to do so would violate a law prohibit whole has experienced imports at a 29- HARRIS B. STEINBERG DIES AT 57; NOTED CRIMI ing the carrying of guns. Mr. Steinberg there NAL DEFENSE LA WYER; CIVn. LIBERTARIAN fore took the gun apart, and then, taking a percent lower rate than the comparable AND ADVOCATE OF JUDICIAL REFORM ASSISTED short walk outside, dropped pieces of it every period for 1968. Dock strikes on the east "WHITE COLLAR'' DEFENDANTS few feet along the street. and gulf coasts during the earlier part Harris B. Steinberg, a lawyer who once In recent years Mr. Steinberg concen of the year undoubtedly accounted for worked for a dollar a day on Thomas E. trated his efforts on restoring the public's some of this reduction; however, the fact Dewey's rackets investigation team and who sagging view of the criminal lawyer and on remains that the west coast continues to later became one of the nation's foremost rebutting the attacks on the Bill of Rights. bear the greatest part of the import bur defensive attorneys. in criminal cases, died of "When the Constiitution is abused," he den of any section of the United States. brain cancer yesterday in the Yale-New Haven said, "people get mad at the Constitution Hospital. He was 57 years old. rather than at the abusers." Mr. Speaker, if this incursion by a Mr. Steinberg did not attain the national Mr. Steinberg was born in New York City foreign power into our very basic steel fame of Emile Zola Berman, attorney for and was reared in Brooklyn. He graduated industry cannot be controlled by the Sirhan B. Sirhan. He did not have F. Lee from City College in 1932 as a member of Phi executive branch of our Government, Bailey's fl.air for television appearances, nor Beta Kappa, and from Harvaxd Law School then I feel that we must seriously con Percy Foreman's florid, arm-waving style. in 1935. sider taking legislative action or we may 17608 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 26, 1969 find ourselves with thousands of jobless Finance Subcommittee, visited a number of officials of the credit union have indicated. steel workers and rampant unemploy military installations in the Paclflc and they would like to be a federally chartered ment in other related industries such as gathered information which ls included in credit union, although they realize because of this report. their location outside of the United Stat.es, mining and with an increasing depend During its investigation, the subcommittee this ls impossible. As a result of the subcom ence upon a foreign power for the most visited military installations in Japan, Korea, mittee's visit, arrangements were made for basic of commodities in this country Okinawa, Taiwan, Vietnam, Thailand and the United. to become a certlfted credit union steel. Ph111pplnes. In addition, the subcommittee under the Department of Defense overseas talked t.o a large number of servicemen and credit union program. These credit unions, U.S. officials in Hong Kong concerning pos which are more commonly called "Patman REPORT OF THE SPECIAL SUB sible credit abuses and fraudulent activities Plan Credit Unions" because the idea for such in areas used by the mil1tary for Rest and credit unions was suggested by Chairman COMMITTEE ON CREDIT PROB Recuperation stops. Patman, are not chartered by the Bureau of LEMS OF SERVICEMEN IN The subcommittee found, through its hear Federal Credit Unions but are examined by PACIFIC COMMAND ings and investigations, that many of the that agency and are required t.o operate un problems faced by servicemen in Europe, par der the Federal Credit Union Act. ticularly the high cost of credit, were also Because United had not been an accredited HON. WRIGHT PATMAN prevalent in the Pacific and Far East areas. Patman Plan credit union prior to the sub OF TEXAS The main difference between the two areas, committee's visit, the Department of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES however, ls that in Europe there ls a far Army did not allow soldiers to make allot greater concentration of sharp practice oper men ts to United. However, now that United Thursday, June 26, 1969 ators than there are in the Far East. has received its accreditation, the Army is Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, under This situation comes about because of the allowing its soldiers to make allotments to House Resolution 1093, the Banking and vast distances between military instiallatlons United. in the Pacific and Far East and because of United ls performing an outstanding serv Currency Committee was authorized to the highly transient nature of the military ice for Members of our Armed Forces in Ja study the credit problems faced by serv personnel there. pan. For example, of the more than 17 ,000 icemen in both the European and Pacific Prior to the subcommittee's visit, service loans outstanding at the end of July 1968, commands. men, for the most pa.rt, had to obtain credit more than 10,000 of these loans or 50 % of The report of the European Portion either th.rough hornet.own banking arrange the loans went to servicemen in the first four of the investigation was published as a ments, limited credit union service or from paygrades. An additional 34% of all loans subcommittee print in Oct.ober of 1968. high rate finance companies. went t.o servicemen in the paygrades E5 Today, I am placing in the RECORD the Two credit unions, both headquartered in through E7. Thus, 91 % of the loans outstand special subcommittee's report on the Washington, D.C., Navy Federal Credit Union ing at United are for servicemen in the seven and the Pentagon Federal Credit Union, pro lowest paygrades. This would indicate that Pacific portion of its investigation. The vided mail order service for many Members the credit union is operating in the best in subcommittee was headed by the gentle of the Armed Forces in the Paclflc a.reas. In terests of all its serviceman members, regard man from New Jersey (Mr. MINISH), and addition, on-site credit union service was be less of rank. was composed of the gentleman from ing provided by credit unions in Japan and This ls, of course, in keeping with the California (Mr. HANNA), the gentleman Okinawa. However, these two credit unions tradition of the type of service that credit from Illinois (Mr. ANNUNZIO), and the are not chartered by any government or State unions should provide for members. gentleman from New York (Mr. WOLFF). regulatory agency but were operated under The lack of certification by United also pre the auspices of the military installations sented one additional problem. All of Unlted's The report confirms the belief that which they served and through special ar offices are on either air bases or naval sta the best way t.o :fight loansharks and rangements made through the Department of tions. Although United does not have offices high-interest lenders is to establish credit Defense. on Army installations, they do have a sub unions wherever military personnel are Thus, only two countries in the Pacific area stantial number of Army members. The Army stationed. The success of these credit have direct on-site credit union service and personnel became members by joining at an unions has been spectacular and they the subcommittee notes that in the areas other military Installation. During the sub have not only helped the servicemen but where these two credit unions operate, they committee's visit to Fuchu Air Station in perform an outstanding service. Japan, an Army comptroller was asked why by easing their debt problems, have en there were no Army credit union fac111ties in abled these servicemen to better serve It ls more difficult t.o evaluate the effects of the mail order credit union service, since Japan. His reply was that "the Army does their country. it functions mainly as a lending operation not need credit unions since our men do not The members of the special subcom and because of its distance and time delay borrow." mittee are to be commended for their ef factor, cannot provide full credit union This statement was immediately challenged forts. I include the report herewith: service. by United oredlt union officials who pointed Since the subcommittee's visit, however, out tha.t they had a substantial number of CREDIT AND CONSUMER PROBLEMS FACED BY Army members in their credit union. To this, SERVICEMEN IN PACIFIC COMMAND two new credit unions have been estab- · lished--one at Clark Air Force Base in the however, the Army comptroller stated that INTRODUCTION Philippines and the second in Seoul, Korea. while it might be true that there were Army In October 1968, the special subcommittee, The Clark facility ls a suboffice of the Barks members In the United Credit Union, these headed by Congressman Joseph G. Minish, dale Air Force Base Federal Credit Union- in were "savers" not "borrowers." During the luncheon break of the meeting, United Credit Democrat of New Jersey, of the DomE:stlc Fi Louisiana, while the Seoul, Korea facmty ls a nance Subcommittee, published a report "In Union ran a survey of the numb~ of Army vestigation of Credit Frauds Used Against suboffice of the San Diego Navy Federal Cred borrowers in the credit union. It showed Servicemen in Europe and the Impact of it Union. that there were nearly 1,300 Army borrowers Military Credit Unions in Solving the Prob JAPAN in the United Credit Union with an out lem". This report covers the second portion u .S. military forces in Japan are provided standing loan balance of $434,000. Since there of the investigations authorized by House with on-site credit union service through the are roughly 5,000 Army personnel in Jaipan, Resolution 1093, approved in the 90th Con United Credit Union. This credit union, the United survey shows that more than 1 gress. This resolution provided for an in which was formed in 1959, has 28,000 mem out of 5 soldiers belong to Uniited Credit vestigation of the credit problems faced by bers and $9.7 mlllion in assets. In addition, Union. This ls even more remarkable when servicemen in both the European and Pacific to its central office at Fuchu Air Station out it is considered that there are no credit commands and the use of military credit side of Tokyo, United operates additional union facilities on any Army Installations. unions in solving the problems. branches or suboffices that blanket the en After this information was presented to the In addition to Congressman Minish, the tire country. United ls a unique credit un Army comptroller, he struted tha.t if United subcommittee visiting the Pacific command ion. It was organized because of a need for received certification, he would not object to consisted of Congressman Frank Annunzio low-cost, reliabe credit among servicemen in the credlt union opening a branch at Camp of Illinois and Lester Wolff of New York. They Japan. However, at the time of the subcomlt Zama, about 40 miles from Tokyo, the Army's were accompanied by Retired Brigadier Gen tee's trip, the credit union was not charted largest installation in Tokyo. In addition, eral Evert Thomas, Executive Director of the nor sanctioned by any U.S. government or he stated tha.t the Army would provide facili Defense Credit Union Council. General military agency. Thus, Uruted hiad to oper ties for the credtt union. Th~mas traveled at his own expense and ate as an unofficial credit union, although It should be noted, however, that despite served as an unpaid consultant to the sub the credit union did operate under this status the assurances of the Army comptroller that committee. The main body of the subcom in an extremely safe manner and provided United would be welcome at oa.mp zama, mittee was in the Pacific area during early excellent service for its members. Although efforts by Unl.ted to open a suboffice there December of 1968. Prior t.o the subcommit the credit union ls not federally chartered, it have been rejecood by the Army. tee's visit, Congressman Richard Hanna of does follow all of the laws, rules and regula All of the servicemen, both enltsted and offi California, also a member of the Domestic tions of the Federal Credit Union Act and cers, expressed praise for the work being done June 26, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17609 by United and it is the subcommittee's be UNITED CREDIT UNION PURPOSES FOR WHICH LOANS GRANTED lief that the military services should extend all cooperation necessary to the United credit union and every effort sh.ould be made t,o Number Percent Amount Percent open bran.ch offices where the need fm such facilities are justified, regardless of the mili 20.9 $1, 434, 482 tary service controlling the installation. 14. 8 2,369,331 The following tables illustrate in graphic 14. 7 2,243,904 9. 8 988,988 form the history and growth of United, as 9.8 784, 864 well as the outstanding record it has achieved 5. 0 255, 510 since its inception in January 1959: 4. 8 322, 010 3.2 159, 601 UNITED CREDIT UNION---0RGANIZATIONAL 3.2 348, 987 HISTORY 3.1 256,344 I. 9 196, 529 January 13, 1969: Fuchu office organized. 1. 4 92,539 July 21, 1959: Tachikawa Air Base branch I. 4 208, 180 and central office (at Fuchu) organized. 1.1 466, 121 1.1 90, 757 March 15, 1961: Naha Air Base, Okinawa 1.1 224, 341 branch formed. I. 0 98, 387 October 23, 1961: Yokota Air Base branch . 7 173, 911 formed. .4 19,319 • 3 26, 655 July 25, 1962: Yokohama Navy Housing .3 35, 860 Annex branch formed. November 14, 1962: Misawa Air Base branch 100 10, 796, 620 formed. March 2, 1964: Atsugi Naval Air Station UNITED CREDIT UNION LOAN-SHARE-RATIO UNITED CREDIT UNION LOAN STATISTICS branch formed. Total: (IN MILLIONS) Loans granted since organization ______$84, 000, 000 March 10, 1964: Merger of Kasuga branch Loans outstanding July 31, 1968______7, 000, 000 (formed in July 1957) redesignated as Ita Number loans outstanding______17,668 zuke Air Base branch. Ratio June 25, 1965: Naha Air Base branch Year Loans Shares (percent) STRATIFICATION OF LOANS BY GRADE Withdrew. 1959. ______November 22, 1967: Yokosuka Fleet Activ $0.6 $0. 7 94.5 Percent of ities branch formed. 1960. _. ------_ I. 7 2.1 89 Number of 1961.. _------3.9 3.9 100 Number Million Loans 1962. _------_ 6. 1 6. 3 97 UNITED CREDIT UNION, JAPAN--CENTRAL 1963. _------8. 5 9. 7 87 1964 ___ ------_ 8.8 13.1 67 E-1 through 4: ______0FFICE-FUCHU AS 10, 046 $2. 8 57 1965. __ ------_ 7.4 11. 6 63 E-5 through 7______6, 041 2. 9 34 1966. __ ------6. 7 9.4 71 E-8 and E-9 ______165 Assets, $9.7 Million, 28,100 members. 1967 ______Officers ______. 1 1 6.1 8. 7 70 751 .7 4 Members 1968 (Jan-June) ______7 8. 7 79 Civilians •• ___ ------665 .5 4 Itazuke AB------1,900 Yokosuka NS ______2, 700 Yokohama NS ______3, 400 Atsugi NAB------5,000 UNITED CREDIT UNION DELINQUENT LOAN STATISTICS Fuchu AS------2,800 Total: Tachikawa AB------4, 200 Loans outstanding July 31, 1968 ______------__ ------_--- _____ $7, 000, 000 Yokota AB------5, 100 Loans delin~uent (2 months and older) •• ------117, 000 Misawa AB------3,000 ~~1'i'n~~re~~ r:::~~~:~:J~:)ns::: :::::::: :::: :: :: :: :: :: :::::: :: : : == :: ======:::::: :: ======:::: : i~1 STRATIFICATION OF DELINQUENT LOANS BY GRADE UNITED CREDIT UNION MEMBERSHIP GROWTH Percent of Percent of Year Month Membership number dollar Number of loans value 1959_ ---·---· ·-·-______June ______• ______•• December____ 584 E-1 through 4______• ______•• ______- 219 53 $47,300 40 1960 ______June______4, 080 E-5 and E-6 .• ______------____ ------131 31 43, 700 37 December__ __ 6,375 E-7, E-8 and E-9------49 12 14, 000 12 1961______June______8,415 0fficers. ______• _. ____ ------• ------··------11 3 7,800 7 December.___ 12, 155 Civilians ______• ______----_. ------_. _. ____ ------•• 6 1 4,200 4 1962 ______June ______16,420 December.___ 19, 283 1963 ______June______24, 554 KOREA December____ 29, 490 UNITED CREDIT UNION DIVIDENDS PAID 1964 ______June______34,481 Prior t,o the subcommittee's visit, there December.___ 39, 422 1965 ______June______40, 579 were no on-site credit union facilities in Dollar Korea, although the Pentagon Federal Credit December____ 1 38,275 1966 ______~------June______33,028 amount Percent Union does provide mail order credit union December____ 32, 912 service to the troops and places membership 1967 ______June______27,337 1959 June. ______-- ______533 and loan applications throughout various ex December____ 25, 986 1968 ______June______26, 902 December__ ___ ---- ______7, 509 change facilities in Korea. 1960 The question of credit union service in December____ 28, 100 June ______------21,841 December______38, 003 Korea has been under review for more than 1961 a year by U.S. military officials in that coun • Reduction by project "Clearwater" KASUGA (ltazuke AB). June. ____ ------______52, 561 5 December______try. About 18 months ago, military officials UNITED CREDIT UNION NEW LOANS GRANTED 85, 573 6 conducted a survey to determine whether or 1962 June. ______not a credit union was needed. The survey Average monthly loans (thousands) 117, 217 6 December______146, 005 6 reportedly showed that there was little credit 1959_ - - --·------_. --_- --• - ____ --______• __ _ _ $78. 4 1963 union interest. The subcommittee was not 1960 •• ------_. _ 272. 2 June. ______------__ 192, 387 6 presented with copies of the survey nor were 1961. __ ------551. 0 December______------__ _ 228, 958 6 1962 ••• --•• ------_. _. ______• ___ ----__ _ _ _ 782. 0 1964 any of the military officials well-informed June .• ______248, 695 about the results of the survey or how it was December______276, 653 conducted. In addition, it does not appear 1965 June. ______248,390 that this survey was given Wide circulation 1966!St======___ ------_------_ ~:tit~823. 0 December ______among the enlisted men, those who would 1967 ------__ ------742. 0 241, 001 1968 (1st 7 months>------l, 103. o 1966 derive the greatest benefits from the credit June. ____ ------253, 789 union. However, in June, 1968, a new survey {1968 In numbers) December. •• _--- • ------216, 901 was conducted which revealed a pronounced January ______----______968 1967 June ______206, 295 degree of support for credit unions in Korea. February ______------______------_ 908 December ______196, 756 March ______------______992 For instance, 33.8% men interviewed said 1968June. ______that they would borrow from a local credit 195, 766 union if available and 44.7% said they would deposit savings in a local credit union. Ki':===:::==::======:::==:::======; I: iff Total paid-$2,969,741. The results of the survey are listed below: 17610 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 26, 1969

CREDIT REQUIREMENT QUESTIONNAIRE shown a greater percentage of favorable in operate is contained in an article published terest in the credit union had many of the in the BAYONET, a weekly newspaper pub Yes No servicemen been fully aware of what a credit lished by the 7th Infantry Division Infor union could provide. The officials felt that mation Office in Korea. The article, which because of the lack of information concern appears below, reports that American serv 1. What is your pay grade? (E- 1, E- 2, 0- 3, ing credit unions, the respondents were not icemen who cannot repay their debts are 0-4, or GS- 9, etc.) Pay grade ______able to answer the survey intelligently. Mil subject to physical violence or are encour 2. flave you served more than 4 years on itary officials felt that once the credit union aged to engage in black market activities acti ve duty in the U.S. Armed Forces was established, the response would be far in order to reduce the size of their obliga and/or as a military department GS greater than that indicated by the survey. tion. rated civilian? ______2, 284 6,244 It is interesting to note that if a credit 3. Are you ma rried?______3, 414 5, 114 union were available, the majority of the BAYONETMEN FALLING PREY TO EASY CREDIT 4. If not married, do not answer the next 3 IN THE "VILL" questions: loans made from the credit union, accord (I) Is your wife a U.S. citizen?______2, 700 714 ing to the survey, would be for mid-tour (By Sgt. Bill Hoerger) (2) lsyourwifein Ko rea? ______783 2, 631 leaves. A tour of duty in Korea is 13 months. CAMP CASEY.--Over one million won (about (3) Do you have any children ?______1, 985 1, 429 At the mid-way point in that tour, all serv 5. Are yo_u no_w ~n DEBT to a U.S. bank or $3,700) is borrowed by 7th Infantry Division credit union. ______1, 968 6, 560 icemen are entitled to a "mid-tour leave". personnel in the Oasey-Hovey a.rea from 6. Do you anticipate any future need to This leave is normally 25 days and a great Korean Nationals every month. Add another borrow money dunng your tour in many of the servicemen in Korea use the million won for current and back interest Korea? ______- - _- - - _------1, 732 6, 796 leave to return to their homes in the United 7. Would you borrow money now if you and an $85,000 a year business is the result. could? ______-- --- 2, 370 6, 158 States. Since there are no lending institutions These are the estimated figures of Sgt. 1. C. 8. If you borrowed money, would it be to in Korea, servicemen, for the most part, must Harrison L. Richardson of G-5, Civil Affairs purchase items from the Post Exchange save their funds in order to take advantage Office, 7th Inf. Div. The "open door" policy such as a tape recorder or car for State- of the mid-tour leave. This may be one of the side delivery? ______3, 779 4, 749 of G-5 allows Korean Nationals wit h griev 9. Would you expect to have to borrow main reasons that participation in the Sol ances of all sorts to personally present their money in event of an emergency or diers, Sailors and Airmen's Deposit Program to mid-tour leave situation?______problems the division without having to 4, 336 4, 192 has been so low among servicemen in Korea. go through a multitude of red tape. And 10. Do you have a bank or credit union sav For instance, only 30.9 % of the officers in ings account at home that will allow probably the most outstanding complaint of you to borrow money by mail? ______3, 392 5, 136 Korea take advantage of the 10 percent sav the Koreans is with regard to unpaid loans 11. Have you borrowed money by ma il from a ings program while only 6.7% of the enlisted by American soldiers. U.S. bank or credit union since your men have their savings in this program. arrival in Korea? ______1,074 7, 454 Bayonetmen, ignorant of existing laws, 12. Would you borrow money from a bank or Servicemen making deposits in the 10 per their personal rights and responsibilities, credit union in Korea, if available? __ _- 2, 881 5, 647 cent program may not Withdraw the funds have been borrowing money from local Ko 13. Would you open a savings deposit account until they return to the United States on a rean Nationals, many of whom are "loan in a credit union in Korea, if one was permanent reassignment or for discharge un available? ______3, 811 4, 718 sharks." As a consequence, they have fallen 4. Are you now saving money through less they need the money for an emergency. into a vicious circle of indebtedness and un purchase of U.S. Savings Bonds and Thus, money placed in the 10 percent pro Freedom's Shares? ______imagined trouble. 5, 295 3, 233 gram would not be available to the service Commenting on the situation a concerned 15. Are you now saving money through the men for their mid-tour leave. Thus, credit IO percent Uniformed Se rvices Savings Sgt. Ricihardson said, "These man ( the bor Deposit Program? __------I, 475 7, 053 union facllities in Korea might be a boom to rowers) are blind! They cannot foresee their the 10 percent program and help our gold monetary obligations during a month's span. flow situation, since servicemen could save 1. USFK personnel surveyed: 8,528 per They do not stop to think about how mu-0h their funds in the 10 percent program and they will have to pay back for one of these sonnel of the Army, Navy, Air Force and GS have a lending institution available for loans rated civilians. loans, and they just do not realize the ex such as the mid-tour leave. Another reason tent Of con1plications that may evolve from for the lack of participation in the 10 per such a transaction." Warrant General cent program is the relatively short tour of Officer services Men have foolishly signed questionable Enlisted officer duty in Korea. Many servicemen find that it promissory notes and have agreed to usurious takes from two to three months in order for interest rates. Korean law requires all in Army ______7,268 47 610 162 them to get their finances in shape after they Navy ______dividuals loaning money for a profit to ob 13 0 9 1 arrive in Korea and by that time they have tain a license. Most of the "loan sharks" have Air Force ______323 0 58 19 less than a year remaining on their tour. PROVMAAG-K __ _ 9 1 3 0 no such permit. They do not feel that placement of their In addition, Korean law stipulates that in 7, 618 48 680 182 funds in the 10 percent program for this short terest charged will not exceed 36 percent per period would be worthwhile. month. Even if a creditor has the necessary 2. 26.8% are career men, i.e., have served Following the subcommittee's visit, ar license he may still be charging more than more than 4 years of active Federal Service. rangements were made for the opening of a the prescribed interest limit. 3. 40 .0 % are married. suboffice of the San Diego Navy Federal Although 30 percent per month on a 1,000 ( a) 79.1 % have U.S. citizen spouses. Credit Union at Yongsan, a military reserva won loan doesn't seem exhorbitant, it adds (b) 22.9 % are accompanied. tion on the south side of Seoul. This is the up to an annual interest of 360 percent. So (c) 58.1 % have one or more children. largest permanent military inst allation in if an individual doesn't pay his loan back 4. 23 .0 % are in debt. Korea and also serves as the f,ocal point for promptly he could end up owing three and 5. 20.3 % anticipate a future requirement all military activity in the country. Service half times his original loan in a year's time. to borrow money during their current tour men off duty normally come to Yongsan to Oftentimes men do not stop With just one in Korea. use the various facilities there since the larg loan. They discover how easily credit is ob 6. 27.8% would borrow now if they could. est PX in the country is located at that tained and may borrow some 12,000 won 7. 44.3 % would use their loan to purchase military installation. The San Diego credit during the month. It is not unusual for a merchandise :from the PX if they were to union opened its office on April 1, 1969, and man to find that he cannot repay all of his borrow money. the response to the credit union activities debts incurred for the month. 8. 50.8 % anticipate a loan requirement if was outstanding. During its first month of When the "due date" passes on a loan, a they went on emergency or mid-tour leave. operation, the credit union made loans of new interest chia.rge is often added. Forty 9. 39.8 % have a bank or credit union con $115,467.07 and received shares of $97,674.39 percent on the unpaid balance is a frequent nection in CONUS from whom they can and 506 servicemen joined the credit union. figure. Now, the soldier not only owes 1,300 borrow by mail if desired. The subcommittee feels that once the cred won, but 40 percent of that--or 1,820 won. 10. 12.6% have borrowed by mail during it union has gained experience in operating Sometimes there is a man who, for a num their current tour. in Yongsan, careful consideration should be ber of reasons, finds it impossible to ever re 11. 33.8 % would borrow from a local credit given to extending its facilities to military pay all of his village bills. The "loan shark" union if available. installations throughout the country, such has an answer to this ma.n's monetary prob 12. 44.7 % would deposit savings in a local as the 7th Infantry Division Headquarters lems: the Black Market. For the mere deliv credit union if available. at Camp Casey, about 20 miles north of ery of a "made in the USA" television set, a 13. 62.1 % are saving through Bonds and Seoul. Military officials at Camp Casey have GI might have his interest rate cut in half. Freedom Shares. indicated a willingness to have a credit union Or, for three sets of slightly used OD's 14. 17.3 % are saving in the BIG TEN Uni at the installation and said they would pro the soldier might be granted the reductiOIIl form Services Savings Deposit Program. vide all necessary support and, if necessary, of as much as 1,000 won off his original bill. Following the survey, military officials de would even erect a building for the credit Just as simple as that-until the actual de termined that a credit union should be estab union. livery is made. lished in Korea. These officials felt that the During its stay in Korea, the subcommit Then, who can guarantee that both parties survey provided enough of an indication of tee found more evidence of loan sharking will keep to the illegal transaction? Can the credit union support to justify the establish than in any other country that it had visited, soldier go to the authorities if the "loan ment of the credit union. In addition, they both in the Far East and Europe. Perhaps shark" doesn't live up to his part of the were of the belief that the survey would have the best description of how the loan sharks bargain? June 26, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17611

What about the fellow who is going to (for use in purchasing items in the PX) as The present business operation is oon "outsmart" the Korean and simply refuse collateral for the loan. duoted in two offices at Naha and Kadena to pay his debts? It takes but a split-second The subcommittee was not able to ascer Air Bases; ·the two having merged on 1 Febru for some hired hoodlum to give a hesitant tain whether or not military officials had ary 1968, the date on which K,aciena became soldier a brutal reminder of his responsi ever withheld money from a serviceman's the fl.Mt Department of Defense credit union bilities. pay in order to satisfy the lenders. While chartered under the "Patman Plan." An honest creditor will go to G-5 and re the subcommittee is in complete agreement There are over 18,000 members in the quest the military's aid in settling disputes that servicemen should not be turned over union, with $5,225,000 in assets. An average over unpaid bills. The usual reaction is for to Korean authorities for prosecution of of over $500,000 per month has been paid the office to notify the man's unit, describ nonpayment of debts resulting from such out in loans this year, and members have ing the circumstances and leaving it up to lending contracts as described above, the $4,575,000 in savings. Net ea.rnings have ex the unit commander to decide the outcome. subcommittee does feel that military offi ceeded $20,000 every month during 1968. The result is often a disgusted "short-timer" cials should use all their power to curtail An average of 70 loan in·terviews are han being flagged until his debts to Korean Na the operations of these loan sharks, including dled daily and recerut statistics refloot that tionals are paid in full, for a dishonorable placing off limits those places of business they have negotiated 5,818 Ioa.ns in grades failure to pay just debts is an offense under where loan sharks operate. E-1 thru E-4, for $1,929,001; 5,738 loans in the Uniform Code of Mill tary Justice for grades E-5 thru E-7, for $1,924,115; 349 loans which judicial action may be taken. OKINAWA in grades E-8 and E-9, for $118,59-1; 588 of A "just this once" Black Market deal; a Okinawa. is served by a very fine credit ficers loans, for $268,274 and 801 civ111an beating by hired thugs-can all lead to an union, the Kadenia Credit Union. loans, for $201,206. even worse situation: Subversion. The power The Kadena Credit Union opened for busl The credit union paid a six per cent (6%) of money overcomes the power of common ness on 15 June 1961, under the provisions per annum dividend, comJX)unded semi sense. Even though the information provided of AFR 176--1, has been in continuous opera may seem to be of relative unimportance, a tion to the present, and received a Depart annually, in 1967 a.nd 1968. man might betray his country for the mere ment of Defense Charter, granted by Share life insurance wiith maximum $2,500 reduction of an imprudent loan made in the CINCPAC, on 14 November 1966. and loan life inS>urance with maximum village. Field of Membel'ship includes all, perma $10,000 is carried at no cost to the member on The "loan sharks" and "pawn brokers" are nently assigned to Okinawa, Dep.artm.enrt of all accounts. A maximum O!f $50,000 is per not stupid. They know all the angles. And, Defense personnel. mitted to be on depostt in any one eccount. just as you make a loan for a house or car in the States, you are responsible for your KADENA CREDIT UNION LOANS OUTSTANDING-OCT. 31, 1968 actions when making a loan from a Korean National. Percent of The soldier has created his own dism.al number of situation. He requested the loan. He agreed Category Number Amount Average loan loans to the exorbitant interest rates and he signed his name to the contract. 1, 758, 000 450 Military officials in Korea, while admitting 1, 740, 000 448 205, 000 683 that there was loan sharking activity going 305, 250 555 on, played down its magnitude. They did 250, 500 334 admit that in order to foster Korean-Ameri can relations, the Army provided Korean na Totals _____ - _-- - _------4, 258, 750 454 tionals assistance in collecting the debts from servicemen. This practice was justified Note: Current loans to shares 89.84%. by Army legal officers as being necessary to prevent American servicemen from being KADENA CREDIT UNION LOANS AND SHARES and clocks will be considered forfeited if a tried by Korean courts. period of 2 months or 60 days from the date For the most part, the lenders are un Number of Percent divi- of pawn. Providing no interest has been paid, licensed and operate in the bars or small Year Loans members dend paid 60 days shall be considered as consecutive shops near the military installations. Most days with no interest having been paid. of their loans are for a relatively small 1961______612 1, 133 UNK 4. All pawners are required to show I. D. 1962 ______2, 294 3,447 UNK Oards. amount and it is difficult to measure the 1963 ______magnitude of these lending operations since 2, 861 4,806 UNK 5. Any article ·damaged or lost through 1964 _____ • ____ 3, 118 5, 575 UNK disaster or typhoon shall not be a respon the only cases that reach the military au 1965 ______4, 030 6, 993 5~ thorities are the ones in which the service 1966 ______4, 887 7, 609 5~ sibility of pawn shop. 1967 ___ ------8,667 12, 018 6 6. Upon signing the pawn pledge it is man fails to make payment. However, in 1968 ______May of 1968, 40 such debt complaints total 9, 385 18, 289 6 considered that these terms of contract are ing $3,000 were received by the 7th Infantry understood accepted by the pawner. Division. In July, there were 25 cases for Note: Dividends compounded semiannually. 7. These terms were established by the $1,600; in August, 32 cases for $2,200; and, in Okinawa is faced with a pawnbroking prob Okinawa Council and approved by conven September, 24 cases for $1,400. The cases lem that has worked a great hardship on ing authority. To illustrate the problem faced by service average about $64. However, one soldier had many servicemen because they do not under contracted an indebtedness of $560. men, consider a loan for $100 obtained on the stand the interest rate structure of the pawn 24th day of the month with repayment to Military officials explained that most of shops. The interest rate, which starts at 9 the loans are made to servicemen who run be made on the 1st day of the following per cent per "interest period" can triple in month. By regulation, this loan will have out of money while they are "out on the a little over a month and many times the town." covered two "interest periods" and, there serviceman who has pawned his car for a few fore, the serviceman will be charged an in The lenders are well-versed in the help dollars will end up being unable to make that they can receive from the military in terest rate of 18 percent. Thus, for the use the interest payments and lose his car. of the $100 for nine days, the serviceman collecting the debts. Almost every "loan con The following chart indicates the regula will be required to repay $118. This works out tract" shown to the subcommittee contained tions used by pawnbrokers operating on to a simple annual interest rate of 811 per statements such as the following: Okinawa: cent. "In case of failure to repay loan by above Terms of Contract Despite these high interest rates, military date as stated, the lender may make a claim 1. Rate of interest shall be 9 % for each in officials on Okinawa have uncovered pawn for this debt through my company com terest period. shops that were charging in excess of the mander," or; 2. Interest periods are defined as follows: legal rate. No action was taken against "Furthermore, I am gladly going to offer (a) An article pawned during the month these pawnshops other than to warn them the particular authority to any superior USA up to and including the 25th of the same not to continue to practice. officers to take the underwritten amount month must be redeemed before the first day The credit union had been combatting this of the debt out of my regular pay, when I of the following month to stay in a single problem by making short-term loans to take miscarry the promise of payment," or; interest period. the servicemen off of the pawnbroker's "I further understand that failure to repay (b) If the article is allowed to stay in pawn market. However, the Department of De the loan on said date will result in a suit until the first day of the following month fense put a stop to the short-term loans be and I give my permission to my Commanding then it shall be considered as 2 interest cause the credit union was charging a $1 Officer to deduct the said amount of money periods. interest fee for a $20 loan and a 50c interest from my pay." (c) Any article pawned on the 26th of the fee for a $10 loan. These fees were actually Some of the lenders require that the month or after will be granted till the 5th of to cover administrative costs of the loan and serviceman, in addition to signing his name, the following month to redeem same and bore no relationship to the interest on the affix a thumb print to the document for fur stay in one interest period. loan. However, because these fees were in ther identification. In some cases, the serv 3. Forfeiture of pawn: excess of the 1 per cent a month on the iceman is required to leave his ration ca.rd Watches, cameras, electrical appliances declining balance, the loans had to be 17612 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 26, 1969 st.opped. Arrangement.6 have been made with LISTING BY PAY GRADE OF LOANS CONTRACTED FOR AT THAILAND the Department of Defense and the Bureau THE AMERICAN EXPRESS BANKING FACILITY-SEPTEM· There are no on-site military credit unions of Federal Credit Unions to reinstate these BER 1966-68-Continued in Thailand but Major General Howe N. Mc short-term loans to protect the servicemen cown, Commanding General, JUSMAG, Thai from the pawnbroker's rate structure while, Total dollar land, told the subcommittee that he en amount of Number of thusiastically endorses the idea of having at the same time, conducting consumer loans by pay loans by Average loan counselling so that the servicemen can bet Pay grade grade pay grade by pay grade credit union service established in Thailand. ter budget their money and thus avoid He indicated, however, that under existing nAP.Cting the short-term loans. 04 ______agreements with the Thai government, it 27, 650 46 601 would not be possible to establish credit un THE PHILIPPINES 05 ______7,212 13 555 06 ______3,062 6 510 ions at this time. General Mccown was of the At the time of the subcommittee's visit, Civilians ______74, 539 116 643 opinion that negotiations should be con there were no on-site credit union facili ducted informally with the Thai mllitary and ties in the Ph111ppine Republic. However, TotaL __ 812, 539 2,254 360 that no efforts should be ma.de to secure any for a number of months, officials at Clark changes in the Status of Forces Agreement Air Force Base, outside of Manila, have been Two assumptions can be made from the by the United States and Thailand. He felt attempting to obtain a suboffice of a U.S. that to involve SOFA might jeopardize our based credit union but with little success. chart. The first is that the banking faclllty, because of policy or regulation, is not meet relationship with the Thai government. He Military personnel of all ranks at Clark Air appeared to believe that the best approach Force Base expressed the strongest senti ing the loan needs of the Navy personnel at Subic Bay. The second possible reason is could be taken through the Thai military. ment for a credit union ever encountered by Since U.S. bases occupied by U.S. person the subcommittee. Following the subcom that Navy personnel at Subic Bay do not make loans to any extent. If the second nel in Thailand are, in fact, commanded by mittee's visit, arrangements were made for a Thai officials and not by the commanders of suboffice of the Barksdale Air Force Base reasoning is true, it marks the first time that the subcommittee has encountered such the U.S. troops on the base, it would appear Louisiana credit union to open at Clark. This that the Thai military could grant authority office was opened on December 20, 1968, and a phenomena at a military installation. The subcommittee believes that a competent for the establishment of credit unions with the enthusiasm generated by the service out involving the Status of Forces Agreement. men at Clark is shown in the February re survey should be undertaken at Subic Bay and Sangley Point, including a broad There does appear to be a need for credit port of operations of the suboffice. By the end union service in Thailand. At one installation of February, the Barksdale credit union sub sampling of enlisted men, to determine if on-site credit union service is needed. If visited, it was estimated that about ten en office had acquired 3,490 members, had re listed men per day made loans via mall order ceived shares of $407,000 and had made such service is needed, immediate arrange ments should be made to establlsh a satel credit union service. It wa.s further indicated loans of $1.3 million. It had been hoped by that the average time to complete such loan the subcommittee that the credit union at lite office of the Clark Air Force Base credit union facility at the Naval installation". transactions was about three weeks which Clark could establish satellite offices at the appears to the subcommittee to be excessive. other major m111tary installations in the TAIWAN It is the consensus of the subcommittee that Philippines, principally Sublc Bay and Sang There are nearly 10,000 U.S. military and credit union service could be provided in the ley Point, both predominately Naval activi civilian personnel aasigned in Taiwan. Many Bangkok area at this time if arrangements ties. Naval personnel at both of these in of these individuals are accompanied by de could be made with the Thai military. How stallations will be ellgible for membership pendents, since the average tour of duty ever, in the up-country areas, it would appear in the credit union a,t Clark but because of Taiwan is 24 months. that credit union service should not be estab the distances involved and the limited trans lished until the situation in Vietnam has portation faclllties, it will be difficult for There are no credit unions on military in stallations in Taiwan, &!though as in most stabilized and tours of duty in Thailand the Naval members to make active use of would conceivably be more static. the credl!t union. Members of the subcom other countries, mail order service is being mittee found great enthusiasm for a credit provided by some credit unions. The need HONG KONG union at Subic Bay among enlisted men but and feasibility for setting up credit unions in Like Taipei, Hong Kong is a major R&R this enthusiasm was not shared by officers Taiwan is unclear. Some military officials told point for servicemen in Vietnam. There are of the installation. members of the subcommittee that credit no U.S. military installatio~ in Hong Kong These officers felt that there was no need union service was not needed in Taiwan and other than the R&R reception centers and for a credit union. However, following the that it would be extremely difficult, because thus, there is no need for credit union serv subcommittee's visit, exploratory contacts of the laws of the country, to establish such ice in Hong Kong. were made by officials at Subic Bay for the credit unions. However, other military offi However, the subcommittee's interest in installation of a direct wire credit union cials told the subcommittee Just the opposite Hong Kong is that the financial interests of service with the Navy Federal Credit Union. and stressed a. strong demand for credit servicemen are protected while they are on This would seem to indicate that there is unions. The subcommittee, after reviewing R&R. The subcommittee notes that Navy a need for credit union service at Subic the various information gathered from mili Auto Sales, one of the fraudulent car brokers Bay. tary officials, feels that there is a need for that took thousands of dollars of service credit union service in Taiwan. The need for adequate lending facillties men's funds without delivering cars, had a at Subic Bay is further backed-up by a re As pointed out earlier, the tour of duty large office in Hong Kong. Since there are no view of the lending transactions engaged in in Taiwan is 24 months which means that military installations in Hong Kong, it is up by the American Express banking facility many servicemen and government employees to the American Consulate to maintain a at Subic Bay from September 1966 t.o Sep are accompanied by their dependents. Be constant check to make certain that opera tember 1968. During that two-year period, cause of this, there a.re needs for the normal tions such as Navy Auto Sales aie not allowed household items, plus other large ticket to operate. the banking facility made only 2,254 loans items. The military banking facility in Tai for a total of $182,539. Of this total the The subcommittee further feels that every wan does provide loans for such purchases serviceman going on R&R should be given a lowest four enlisted grades received 'only but, by regulation, the loan must be repaid small pamphlet or some other suitable docu 484 of the loans for a dollar a.mount of only prior to the serviceman's rotation date. This ment discussing the type of questionable $87,686. The following chart outlines the restriction places a hardship on the borrower, business practices being conducted in the complete lending activity of the banking since it greatly increases the amount of his R&R area that he is visiting. If these prac faclllty during the two-year period. monthly payments and virtually precludes tices are deemed too objectionable, they him from borrowing any funds near the end should be placed off limits to servicemen on LISTING BY PAY GRADE OF LOANS CONTRACTED FOR AT R&R. i~~ 1~:~:N EXPRESS BANKING FACILITY-SEPTEM· of his tour of duty. Cre~Ut unions, which do not have such VIETNAM restrictions, would be of a great benefit to There are no credit unions in Vietnam, Total dollar servicemen, civilian employees and de although Members of the Armed Forces a.re amount of Number of pendents in Taiwan and the subcommittee obtaining loans from mail order credit loans by pay loans by Average loan unions, as well as mall order finance com Pay grade grade pay grade by pay grade suggests that an in-depth survey be taken to determine whether or not there is ade panies. EL ______quate need for a. credit union. Because of the combative nature of Viet E2 ______325 4 81 nam, there is relatively little purchasing of 2, 992 20 149 The subcommittee notes that Taiwan, and E3 ______33, 480 large ticket items by servicemen, as com E4 ______185 181 particularly Taipei has become one of the pared to servicemen stationed in other Pa E5 ______50, 889 275 185 favorite Rest and Recuperation stops for E6 ______240, 110 691 347 cific and Far Eastern countries. E7 ______169, 135 468 361 our troops in Vietnam. Because of this, mili Some of the loans have been :for the pur 76, 161 209 364 tary officials in Taiwan should guard against ES ______10, 546 20 527 chasing of stereo equipment, Leave and Rest E9 ______the operation of fraudulent business oper and Recuperation expenses and, to a minor WO ______2, 100 6 350 01______16, 188 30 539 ators such as questionable discount ca.r extent, for the purchase of motor bikes or 8,965 24 374 brokers who might cheat the serviceman out motor scooters although loans of this type 02 ______29, 314 56 523 03 ______59,871 85 704 of his funds. are primarily confined to the Saigon area. June 26, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17613 There are a considerable amount of loans tireless worker and a respected friend GAO audits and reviews the manner obtained for purchasing automobiles for de and associate. in which Federal programs are carried livery in the United States when the serv In the 19 years that he served his out. It makes independent examinations icemen complete their Vietnam tour but most of this is done with state-side banks, credit country and his district, both on the for Congress into governmental expendi unions or finance companies. Armed Services Committee and the tures and use of property and personnel Because servicemen in Vietnam are not Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, he for authorized programs, activities, or accompanied by dependents, many of the set a standard of loyalty and dedication purposes. It reviews organization, man spending requirements that a serviceman which all of us may admire. The loss of agement, and control of agency systems, and his family might have on an accom a man of such integrity, knowledge, and identifying weaknesses, reporting on con panied tour are not present in Vietnam. honor must be deeply regretted and ditions found, and recommending im While military officials in Vietnam indi mourned by each of us. · cated there were some cases where service provements. Specific factors considered men borrowed for Rest and Recuperation Mrs. Corman and I join in extending prior to deciding to audit are statutory trips, by and large, the vast majority of the our condolences and sympathy to the requirements, congressional requests, and servicemen have been able to save funds out family. indications of congressional interest; po of their pay for the R&R trip. tential areas of improvement in Govern After careful consideration by the sub ment operations; deficiencies in manage committee with military officials in Vietnam, WHY THE GENERAL ACCOUNTING ment control and operations; deviation it was determined that it would be unwise OFFICE IS CONGRESS' LOGICAL of agency from congressional intent; and to establish a credit union there until the GUARANTOR OF FISCAL RESPON programs or activities with large expend secession of hostilities. SIBILITY IN GOVERNMENT CON Vietnam is under strict currency control itures, assets, or revenues. regulations and it is felt that the establish TRACTS After identifying waste or inefficiency, ment of a credit union would not be con GAO inquires into circumstances and ducive to the effective management of the HON. BERTRAM L. PODELL reasons surrounding it, ascertaining currency controls. In addition, military lead whether it is an isolated or recurring ers felt that the credit union would be used OF NEW YORK problem. If it is a recurrent state of af primarily by servicemen in the rear echelon IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fairs, it recommends necessary corrective areas rather than the troops in the front Thursday, June 26, 1969 lines. It is the subcommittee's feeling that actions. GAO auditing authority general any facilities opened in Vietnam should, Mr. PODELL. Mr. Speaker, national ly extends to all activities, financial first of all, benefit, for the most part, the debate rages over cost overruns in Gov transactions and accounts of Federal men in the front lines. ernment contracts. Various solutions are Government-directly pertinent books, In addition, the constant movement of put forth, many containing elements of documents, papers, and records of con troops through Vietnam and the relatively tractors having Government contracts short tour of duty in that country would solution. Most will not do the job. Power is ebbing from the legislative branch of negotiated without formal advertising, handicap effective credit union operation. records of their subcontractors, and cer Although there may not be a need for Government. Today we lack guaranteed credit union service in Vietnam at this time, overseeing power to right this situation. tain recipients of Federal financial assist the subcommittee feels that arrangements Yet an agency lies at hand which Con ance in form of advances, grants, or con should be made for the establishment of on gress may utilize to insure fiscal respon tributions. Exceptions relate principally site credit union service in Vietnam upon the sibility. I refer to the General Account to activities of the Federal Reserve Board secession of hostilities. ing Office, which would, under my and Federal Reserve banks, activities of Until about a year ago, Vietnam was a hot the Comptroller of the Currency, Ex bed for fraudulent business activities that Government contract scrutiny measure, automatically audit and publicly report change Stabilization Fund established by prayed on servicemen, particularly phony the Gold Reserve Act of 1934, Federal automobile brokers who offered servicemen to Congress on all military and civilian huge discounts on automobiles that would Government contracts which incur cost land banks and funds relating to certain be delivered in the United States when the overruns exceeding 10 percent of con intelligence activities. serviceman rotated. Although there were bona tract price. Descriptions of GAO and our GAO responsibility to report to Con fide companies operating such car broker Bureau of the Budget are in order. gress after audit is expressly stated in the arrangements, there were other companies GAO and BOB were established by the act of 1921: that cheated servicemen out of thousands of The independent audit will serve to inform dollars. Most of the questionable operators same Budget Accounting Act of 1921. GAO was placed in the legislative branch Congress at all times as to the actual con are no longer in existence in Vietnam. The ditions surrounding the expenditure of pub TET offensive of the North Vietnamese under direction and control of the Comp lic funds in every Department of government. scared off many of the sharp practice oper troller General of the United States, in a tors and, in addition, a curfew in Saigon ef dependent of executive departments. Accordingly, GAO submits several hun fectively curtailed the number of servicemen BOB was placed under direct supervi dred audit reports yearly to Congress, its that visited that town on their off duty hours. sion of the President, even though it re committees, members, and officers. GAO Since there was little military "traffic", the staff members, including its auditors and car brokers' business suffered. mained physically in the Treasury De Once again, the subcommittee feels that it partment. In 1939, Congress passed the attorneys, testify before and are assigned is imperative that military officials make cer Reorganization Act, establishing the Ex to congressional committees, furnishing tain that fraudulent car dealers and sharp ecutive Office of the President anq trans comments to Congress on proposed legis practice operators of any description are not ferring BOB to this Office. The Secretary lation. allowed to gain the foothold they had about of the Treasury continues 1n charge of Audits include examination of several a year ago. It ls, therefore, recommended that preparation of Government's revenue types of fixed-price as well as cost-type wide publicity be given t.o the operations of estimates. contracts. Audits of negotiated con any questionable dealers or merchants and GAO's chief officers, Comptroller Gen tracts--contrasted with those awarded if the situation becomes serious enough that the off limits procedure be used. eral and Assistant Comptroller General, on basis of formal competitive bidding are appointed by the President with Sen constitute an important part of GAO's ate consent. They hold office for 15 years, work because of extensive use of such subject to removal only by joint resolu contracts and major sums of money in THE LATE HONORABLE WILLIAM H. tion of Congress or impeachment. The volved. Now they are audited on a se BATES Comptroller General is not eligible for lective basis only, one of the roots of to reappointment. There is a virtual absence day's dilemma. My measure would auto of Presidential control over these chief matically call for audit of any contract, HON. JAMES C. CORMAN GAO officers. military or civilian, which exceeded the OF CALIFORNIA BOB's Director is appointed by each contract price by 10 percent. Congress, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES President, serving at his pleasure. This which today can call for an audit when agency is completely responsive to the it knows of an overrun, will be assured Monday, June 23, 1969 Executive. of automatic safeguards in the form of Mr. CORMAN. Mr. Speaker, I join my Functions of GAO and BOB are so dis GAO audits whenever a contract crosses colleagues in paying tribute to the mem similar that no valid, point-by-point the boundary drawn in this measure. ory of WILLIAM H. BATES, our friend and comparison can be made. Let us present We too often are utterly unaware of what colleague. We mourn the passing of a their functions separately. is happening in the bowels of an agency CXV-~1110-Part 13 17614 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 26, 1969 with a given contract. This bill places by agencies on work proposed, initiated, ters-to-the-editor and call in to telephone and completed. BOB's functions and conversation radio and television programs. every civil servant on notice that they Pass the word to your friends-and put them must flag and report to GAO for audit procedures are necessarily attuned to the to work. any contract crossing the 10-percent line. President's policies, control, and influ COMMITTEE BACKGROUND Audits of negotiated contracts may ence. His final decisions govern it. BOB The non-partisan National Committee for involve review of the contractor's cost cannot serve as a fiscal guarantor or Responsible Patriotism has sponsored numer representations and pricing proposals, watchdog on behalf of Congress. BOB ous activities dedicated to show support for comparison of contractor's cost esti was never designed to watchdog Govern the men and women of our armed forces, mates with his cost experience, and an ment and its operations as a sole pur respect for law, pride in our heritage, and audit of costs incurred in those cases pose. This, however, is the main reason love of country. In October 1967 the Com for being of GAO. BOB is not organized, mittee initiated a nation-wide program that where reimbursement is based upon or included turning on vehicle headlights dur affected by actual costs. They may also staffed, or equipped for such a respon ing the day to indicate approval of these include review of the contractor's nego sibility. GAO is. BOB is incapable of re causes. In May 1967 the Committee organized tiation and administration of subcon quired objective analysis so Congress the "Support Our Men in Vietnam" parade tracts. may efficiently fulfill its constitutional down New York's Fifth Avenue, the longest Such audits are correlated with re duty "to pay the debts and provide for parade in the United States since 1947. Last views of actions of the administrative the common defense and general wel year, the Committee coordinated the Free agency in negotiating and administer fare of the United States." Only GAO the Pueblo petition campaign and other non was created for and is able to accomplish political activities backing the Government ing contracts. Underlying causes of weak in any honorable action to obtain the crew's or costly procurement procedures are these ends. freedom. sought, and recommendations made for There is no legislatively responsible NCRP projects have received the endorse improving contracting practices and ad counterweight serving Congress to off ments of President Richard Nixon, the late ministration. set BOB. GAO can be that counterbal President Dwight Eisenhower, former Vice The Comptroller General may render ance. We are in dire fiscal straits because President Hubert Humphrey, the late Sena legal decisions at request of contracting of lack of fiscal responsibility regarding tor Robert Kennedy, the Governors of 41 officers on questions pertaining to con expenditures of Government money states and numerous other outstanding pub tract awards, if procedures of the ad through Government contracts. A solu lic figures. ministrative agency permit the contract tion is within our grasp. As of this morn The NCRP is a non-profit organization, ing, 184 Members of this House are spon financially supported by contributions from ing officer to submit such questions. the public. Its activities are decided by a. Such decisions are final on the executive soring my measure, which is the Gov board of directors elected by the member branch and binding on GAO in its audit. ernment Scrutiny Act. I welcome further ship. They are not binding upon Congress or cosponsorshdp. The NCRP has no local chapters or affili courts. ates, choosing instead to work with well GAO's second function is to determine established, non-controversial organizations propriety of rates and classifications on on specific projects. It has received the co LIGHTS ON FOR DECENCY operation of nearly all major veterans' and bills and claims for freight and passen fraternal organizations, plus many police ger transportation services furnished for and firemen's line organizations, labor the United States. It also settles claims HON. MARIO BIAGGI unions, ethnic and youth groups, etc. for and against the United States. These OF NEW YORK may involve military or civilian person nel, Government contracts, or any serv IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ices or supplies furnished Government Thursday, June 26, 1969 TRIBUTE TO HON. WILLIAM H. by individuals, business entities, or for Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker the Na BATES eign, State or municipal governmental tional Committee for Responsible Patri entities. otism, Inc., based in New York, recently BOB assist.8 the President in preparing wrote to me expressing belief that some HON. JACK BROOKS the budget and formulating his fiscal way must be found for New Yorkers to OF TEXAS program. It develops economic assump express their support for good taste and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tions, obtains forecasts of international values in entertainment, literature, and situations, prepares fiscal projections, art. For the information of all who are Monday, June 23, 1969 discusses program developments, and ef concerned with this problem, I am Mr. BROOKS. Mr. Speaker, I join my fects and compiles local expenditure esti pleased to place at this point in the colleagues today in paying tribute to the mates. It develops fiscal policy recom RECORD, the following descriptive state memory of a man who was a dedicated mendations. Administration decisions, ment which the committee sent to me: public servant, an able legislator and a guidelines, and planning figures are then LIGHTS ON FOR DECENCY true gentleman. It conveyed by BOB to agency heads. as On Saturday and Sunday-June 28 and Congressman WILLIAM BATES served on sists and advises agencies on form, struc 29-New York and New Jersey motorists by the other side of the aisle and although ture, and language of appropriations. the thousands will drive with their head he was strongly partisan, he was never After agencies submit formal budget esti lights on during daylight hours. Charles w. antagonistic. The high respect and ad mates, BOB analyzes them, holding hear Wiley, Executive Director of the National miration that he earned from all of us ings with agency representatives. BOB Committee for Responsible Patriotism, an nounced: was only surpassed by the warm friend finally determines amounts to be recom ship and personal affection which he mended to the President. "This will be an opportunity for people to express their preference for good taste and evoked from those of us who knew him. It notifies agencies of the President's high values in entertainment, literature, and During the years that I served here decisions, advising him, in turn, of ap art-and their disgust with the smut flood with him, I was always impressed by his peals, preparing the budget itself, with ing our communities. Men and women capable and effective manner of getting summaries and analyses. It supervises young and old, those of every race and reli~ things accomplished for his district and and controls budget administration. gion-regardless of differences on other is for our Nation. Without creating a great The 1921 Budget and Accounting Act sues--can unite in making clear that the overwhelming majority of Americans favor stir and fanfare, he accomplished much safeguarded the budget as transmitted decency." and was an example for all of us. by the President to Congress, by denying It was with pleasure and respect that I Federal agencies the right to seek funds WHAT YOU CAN DO TO HELP Ask schools, Churches, Temples and or served in the Congress with BILL BATES. outside the budget except at legislative We will feel his absence as the days go request. It makes detailed administra ganizations to support this project. Distrib tive studies for the Chief Executive to ute the poster on the reverse side. We have by. I offer my condolences to his wife, secure economy and efficiency, advising it available in this and a larger size-con Jean, and his daughter, Susan. They can tributions deeply appreciated. Contact your be proud of a husband and father who executive departments and agencies on local newspapers (we'll take care of the improved administrative practices and larger communications media). Have lights gave many years of his life in the service organization. on announced at theatres, sports activities, of the people of his district and the BOB informs the President of progress meetings and other public events. Write let- Nation. June 26, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17615 LINCOLN BACK COUNTRY they are scarce, as Writer Smith said, their port of the New Thing Art and Architecture value increases. In the creation of such areas Center with which Mr. Carew is connected, we t.oday can leave a legacy of much greater the funds provided by the Endowment com HON. ARNOLD OLSEN value in another generation. prised only a small portion of those needed OF MONTANA by the Center. Additional funds were made available from other private and public or IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ganizations, including the Department of Thursday, June 26, 1969 Labor. Moreover, before the grant was made, FEDERAL ARTS FUNDS unanimous endorsement was received for it Mr. OLSEN. Mr. Speaker, a rece:::it edi from the National Council on the Arts al torial in the Butte-Anaconda Standard though I, personally, did not recommend it. expressed pleasure that the Senate has HON. JULIA BUTLER HANSEN I would also like to point out that, while approved wilderness designation for the OF WASHINGTON the grant was dated January 10th, it had IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES been approved months before. The January Lincoln Back Country area in my dis date resulted only from a need to carry out trict in Montana. Thursday, June 26, 1969 administrative requirements. I have introduced this legislation in Mrs. HANSEN of Washington. Mr. Thirdly, the Congressman raised a ques the· House, and it is currently pending tion regarding the Endowment's grant to action before the House Interior and In Speaker, on June 18 of this year there Arena Stage for support of its improvisa sular A:ff airs Committee. I am hopeful was a discussion in the RECORD on "Lame tional company. The application from Arena favorable action will be taken soon on duck Handouts in Federal Arts Funds." State discussed at some length the objec this proposal and, for the benefit of my After this appeared, I immediately wrote tives of this project, objectives which to us colleagues in the House, I include the Roger L. Stevens, the immediate past were highly commendable. It involved the Chairman of the National Council of utilization of a small company which was editorial, "They're Jubilant,'' in the to perform in settlement houses, recreation RECORD at this Point: Arts, and Chairman of the Board of Trustees for the John F. Kennedy Cen halls and schools; the audience would com THEY'RE JUBILANT prise different age groups up to the age of ter for the Performing Arts. twenty and would respond to and participate When the Senate last week approved the F1or the information of the Members of Mansfield-Metcalf Lincoln Back Count ry in the performance. Improvisation, by its Wilderness Area, there was reason for jubila this House, I am ,appending this letter, very nature, implies spontaneous activity tion among Montana conservationists. They as follows: by the performers and the audience; there long have sought to keep thi'S section of the JOHN F. KENNEDY CENTER fore, the application did not discuss the de state south of the Bob Marshall Wilderness FOR THE PERFORMING ARTS, tails of the performances. As with the grant Area, in its pristine state. Washington, D.a., June 23, 1969. to the New Thing Art and Architecture The Lincoln bill now goes to the House Hon. JULIA BUTLER HANSEN, Center, this grant was approved long before where we can also expect passage, since no House of Representatives, the date of which it was made. organized opposition to it has been devel Washington, D.a. There is one further point that should be oped. The bill in the House is sponsored by DEAR MRS. HANSEN: The following informa brought to your attentien, and which I be Western District Rep. Arnold Olsen. It should tion is in answer to your request for cla.rifica lieve is extremely important in connection be pointed out, however, that the wilderness tion of the article placed in the Congressional with the support of the arts and humanities movement has bipartisan support, partic Record on June 18, 1969, under the title, by the Federal Government. The directive of ularly in Montana where Republicans and "Lame Duck Handouts in Federal Arts the Congress in establishing the Foundation Democrats have cooperated in pressing for Funds," criticizing some of my actions while is that, as provided in Section 4. ( c) of the National Foundation on the Arts and Hu national legislation. If this bipartisan sup Chairman of the Arts Council. The Congress port continues in the House, the measure man has been badly misinformed as to the manities Act of 1965: should pass and this wild area will be pro facts. "In the administration of this Act no de tected from all harmful development or ex In the first place the ANTA Theatre was in partment, agency, officer, or employee of the ploitation, including road networks, massive no way "bailed out by a maneuver because it United States shall exercise any direction, was in trouble." These are the facts regarding supervision, or control over the policy de recreational facilities and heavy timbering, termination, personnel, or curriculum, or as has been proposed. this allegation. 1. At the time arrangements were being the administration or operation of any school The Lincoln Back Country is a particularly or other non-Federal agency, institution, or fragile area, wild and beautiful. To preserve made to turn over the equity of the property ganization or association." it the wilderness legislation was necessary. to the National Council on the Arts, ANTA Although there has been talk for years had an offer of $2.5 million cash from the This is an extremely important point. Any about protecting this wild land, rich in wild adjoining owner-so it w.as not at all a ques other attitude on the part of the Federal life, action did not become imperative until tion of being "bailed out." Government would make an arts and hu in recent years. The rugged terrain, lack 2. To reproduce the theatre today and ac manities program subject to political or of marketable timber and other resources quire the land would cost a minimum of $8 other whims and thereby destroy its value. saved this primeval country from normal million. The Board decided rather than take If you have any other questions about the development. the offer for the property, that if the equity article, I will be glad to provide additional Perpetuation of the Lincoln Back Country were given to the Arts Council, it could be information. I appreciate very much your as it is, will be a significant victory for Mon used as a showcase for regional theatre and inquiry and the opportunity to straighten tana conservationists. Their efforts and other non-profit performing groups through out the record. those of out .state and national officials in out the country. It is literally impos.sible for Sincerely, preserving for future generations a priceless a non-profit regional theatre company out ROGER L. STEVENS, part of the state are deeply appreciated. side New York to show its wares in New York Ch.airman, Board of Trustees. Elizabeth H. Smith, writer of Bozeman, in because of the pecuUar problems present in presenting testimony to a Senate committee the theatre today. So, far from a bailing-out on the Lincoln wilderness project said: "The operation, the equity was being given to the American peoples' needs for surcease from a Council for the benefit of the people of this CHEROKEES AND OKLAHOMA TAKE noisy, crowded, mechanized world is critical. country. The necessity to 'get away from it all' is 3. The Government is not a landlord of the GREAT STRIDE FORWARD well documented, persistently articulated show mentioned in the article, as the theatre and growing stronger every day-and you is still under lease and the Endowment has can't get away from it all by taking it with not yet taken possession of it. There will be HON. ED EDMONDSON you. As your untamed resources shrink, as no further commercial activities in the the OF OKLAHOMA developments of all sorts abound and prolif atre after the lease expires. erate, the value of a natural environment of 4. I have not been elected Chairman of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES unobstructed space, unscarred scenery, un ANTA Board, and, in fact, am not a member Thursday, June 26, 1969 shaittered quiet, and unmanipulated living of the Boa.rd. organisms--rises proportionately. Lincoln 5. Since there appeared to be sound busi Mr. EDMONDSON. Mr. Speaker, to area, which as a wilderness contains all these ness and policy reasons for the Board's ac morrow, June 27, a great dream of the features, represents the scarce commodity; tion, I submit that there was no "undis Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma, and of as a wildernoos it satisfies a specific, long ciplined and chaotic approach to a serious their neighbors, the people of northeast range human need; as a wilderness its value problem." ern Oklahoma, will bear fruit. Tomorrow will increase." 6. Far from being a Lame Duck operation, night, in a beautiful amphitheater at the Establishment of the Lincoln area, should as stated in the article, the agreement to the House go along with the Senate, will turn over the ANTA Theatre was made with Cherokee Cultural Center near Tahle stimulate national interest in other conser the officers of ANTA in the early fall of 1968 quah, the drama, "The Trail of Tears,'' vation measures. Among these a.rt> other and was actually confirmed on November 13 will play before its first audience. wilderness area proposals, but they are so few by the ANTA Board. The drama was written for the Chero in number as to always remain scarce-. As Secondly, with regard to the grant for sup- kees by Dr. Kermit Hunter, of Southern 17616 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 26, 1969 Methodist University, who also wrote the their own feelings that their sons and hus the jungles of Vietnam, only to announce story of the Cherokees before they were bands died in a necessary cause. Yet in a just prior to last year's general election time when the numbers of Americans killed moved west on the Trail of Tears. This in this war-36,000--though far less than the the discontinuation of the bombing of drama, "Unto These Hills," has played Vietnamese losses, have exceeded the dead in Vietnam? The substantial increase in to millions of people over the past 20 the Korean War, when the nation continues the number of deaths of American boys years at Cherokee, N.C. week after week to be numbed by a three following that announcement is a mat The Cherokee drama in Oklahoma and digit statistic which is translated to direct ter of public record. the Cherokee Cultural Center of which anguish in hundreds of homes all over the I feel that the quickest, cheapest, and it is a part, are sponsored by the Chero country, we must pause to look into the most effective way out of Vietnam is to kee Nation of Oklahoma, the Cherokee faces. More than we know how many, we order our military strategists take must know who. The faces of one week's dead, to Foundation, and the Cherokee National unknown but to families and friends, are whatever action is necessary to force the Historical Society. There has been great suddenly recognized by all in this gallery Vietcong either to surrender or submit local support in the form of financial of young American eyes. to prompt and meaningful negotiations. donations. The State of Oklahoma has In order to support a successful miUtary helped finance the project, as has the It seems fitting thait this article should engagement, greater sums of money may Federal Economic Development Admin appear at a time when we in the Con yet be needed. Dare we Americans be istration, which extended a loan and gress are considering the extension of stingy when the finest of our young men grant to help build the amphitheater. the income tax surcharge and other fiscal are dying at the rate of 250 or more per This amphitheater, incidentally, is re measures which are essentially the result week? I, for one, intend to fully support ported to be one of the finest in the of our involvement in Vietnam. Although measures which will bring to an end the country from the standpoint of acoustics. there has been next to nothing spoken or tragic losses of these young American The opening of the drama tomorrow written on this issue, the need for the boys, which this recent article in Life so is the second step in the four-part de surtax has resulted because of the enor painfully portrayed. · velopment of the Cherokee Cultural mous amount of our resources that have I am, therefore, supporting the tempo Center. The first, opened last summer, is been diverted to prosecute the war in rary extension of the surtax and would Tsa-La-Gi village, a reconstruction of a Vietnam. Because of this, our economic urge my colleagues to do the same, hop Cherokee village of the 1600's, which and domestic scene is showing the strain ing that the constituents of our individ drew 67,000 visitors during its first year. of the resulting inflation and the second ual districts will respond in a spirit of The third and fourth steps will be the class priority it is receiving. patriotism and concern for our fighting Cherokee National Museum and the The article in Life magazine reminds men. Cherokee National Archives, both of me of the soldiers who even today see the As I look at the pictures of these coura which are on the drawing boards. face of death and feel its sting as they geous and gallant men who died defend Mr. Speaker, it will be a great pleasure carry out their commitment to this coun ing a people who wish to remain free of to me to be with the Cherokees tomor try and to the cause of freedom. It also domination and control, the poignancy row night to observe this dramatic new reminds me of the halfhearted and some of their death and bravery of their serv times feeble support that we give these ice is worthy of the highest tribute. As a step they have taken in their program brave men. In the face of the mounting to develop their tribal resources and pro death rate in Vietnam, dare we continue Member of the House of Representatives, tect their tribal heritage, under the able this halfhearted commitment and feeble I feel a keen sense of responsibility for guidance of Principal Chief W. W. support? Dare we continue provide the death of these heroic men who gave Keeler, Vice Chief C. C. Victory, and to their lives in Vietnam. I wish to extend their outstanding tribal council. loans and assistance to countries who to their families and loved ones my sin This is just one more step in the dra aid and trade with North Vietnam? Dare cere sympathy and expressions of sor we continue our no-win policy? row. matic story of the development of north I believe it to be not only reasonable easern Oklahoma as a major recrea but also imperative that we Americans tional area, and I sincerely hope that all be willing to make the necessary sacri LAW AND ORDER of you here will have an opportunity to fices to provide whatever materials and visit us. You have helped us in many resources are needed by our forces to ways, and we are grateful. bring this horrible struggle to a prompt HON. ANDREW JACOBS, JR. and honorable conclusion. It is my con OF INDIANA viction that our men in Vietnam not only IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES VIETNAM-ONE WEEK'S DEAD have the right to expect our fullest sup port, but we, as citizens, have a duty to Thursday, June 26, 1969 give it. Mr. JACOBS. Mr. Speaker, on the sub HON. EARL F. LANDGREBE Therefore, I believe that the extension jec,t of law and order these articles seem OF INDIANA of the surtax is a necessary and essen of interest. They are as follows: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tial part of our total commitment for [From the Washington Post, June 20, 1969] the prosecution of the war in Vietnam. Thursday, June 26, 1969 PROVISION IN SURTAX BILL GIVES 13 FIRMS I fully realize that meaningful tax re A BREAK Mr. LANDGREBE. Mr. Speaker, I wish form is years overdue. However, I fail to (By Berna.rd D. Nossirter) to bring to the attention of my fell ow appreciate the political strategy that is Thirteen gas pipeline oompanies would save colleagues in the House the lead article so obviously being b~ought into play at around $14.2 m1111on in taxes due oo a lilttle in the June 27 issue of Life magazine, en this time by opponents of the surtax ex noticed provfs.ion in the surtax extension ti.tled "Vietnam-One Week's Dead." The tension. These same people, who enjoyed b1ll reported out yesterday by the House Ways faces shown in this article are the faces substantial majorities in both Houses and Means Committee. of American men killed in Vietnam dur of Congress and controlled the White The provision would enable the firms to ing the week of May 28 through June 3, House during the past 8 years, somehow take the 7 per cent investment credit on 1969. Among the list are 242 American overlooked the glaring tax loopholes that pipeline they hrave not yet bought but for soldier&-an average number of dead for which ·they sough!t -approval from the Federal they now suddenly point to with disdain Power Commission be.fore April 19. any 7-day period during this stage of the and cry out for fair and just treatment All other oor,poraitions wre denied the credit war. The article states: of all American taxpayers. for a.ny purchases of capital equipment made We cannot tell with any precision what Are these not the same Members of after April 18. they thought of the political currents which this Congress who are now so loudly de The Ways and Means Oommittee bill also drew them across the world. From the letters manding the withdrawal of our troops includes a special stimulus oo enoourage in of some, it is possible to tell they felt strongly in Vietnam, much to the disadvantage of dustry to purchase depollution equipment. that they should be in Vietnam, that they our remaining forces? Are they no,t the Companies can write otr such purchases at had great sympathy for the Vietnamese peo a raipid rate, amortiz1.ng them over five years. ple and were appalled at their enormous suf same ones who for the past several years The precise origin of the pipeline section fering. Some h ad voluntarily extended their seemed quite content as our former Pres is obscure. But Rep. George Bush (R-Tex.), tours of combat duty; some were desperate ident, a member of their party, contin a former Houston oilman, acknowledges that to come home. Their families provided most ued to commit greater numbers of our he was the provision's principal defender of the photographs, and many expressed young men to hand-to-hand combat in within the Oommittee. June 26, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17617 Bush told a reporter: The three companies and the dollar The Geneva protocol is not a perfect "These companies should not be penailized amounts they plain to spend on barges are: instrument. Broader agreement is because a Government agency is slow to Lykes Brothers Steamship of New Orleans, needed to control the development of move." $16 million; Prudential Steamship of New chemical and biological agents. We He said he was asked to look out for the York City, $15 milllon, and Pacific Fa.r Ea.st section by his old Houston friend and backer, Line of San Francisco, $20 million. should also support the British proposal Marvin K. Collie. Oome is a senior partner The special section is designed to enable for a new convention to prohibit the in the Houstx>n Larw firm of Vinson, Elkins, the companies to deduct from their tax bills use, production, stockpiling, and testing Weems and Searls. 7 per cent of the cost of the barges. This of biological weapons. But as a big step Reached in Athens, Greece, where he is on would save Lykes $1,120,000, Prudential in the right direction, the Geneva proto a business trip, Collie said he represents racism, to name but two areas. If the-Joneses" talk. If the workers understood rect. Start by understanding his position of Black, a student should get a job with Black racism, the war, middle class morality, capi having been brainwashed all these years and workers; woman should give special consid talist manipulation, etc., things would not seeing his son in danger 'from the other eration to jobs where many women are em be the way they are. Do let them know you're side'. To convince an already convinced stu ployed. (such as electrical industry, depart a student as soon as possible without risking dent is one thing; to change the mind of ment stores, phone) . ~e Job. You can't be honest with the work this worker w1ll be a task we wlll have to ers until they know. Altho some workers develop patience and understanding for. III. HOW TO GET A JOB After you are there a month or so, try Some places hire students specifically for think students are snobs ( some are) , they also respect education and want their kids to to pick a few workers who are interested in the summer as replacement for workers on your ideas and who have friends in the shop, vacations (altho usually bosses try to get by go to college. Your Job is to bring across the identity of interests between studen~ concentrate on individual discussions with with not filling in, unless the union contract the hope of keeping these workers as con has specific stipulations and they are en and workers. Without workers there would be no universities, they create the wealth, tact after you leave. Talk about the possi forced.). Most won't hire a student and in blllties of students offering the workers as most cases it would be best not to mention and have the power. Without them no basic changes can happen in the system, etc. sistance in any struggles coming up, on picket you are a student (unless you have sounded lines, doing research, etc. Don't necessarily out the situation before hand by sending But we are there with a specific purpose- to talk about political issues even the stu start asking about union meetings. Many someone who doesn't really want the Job to times they are suspended during the sum ask questions, etc.). If you can't say you're a dent movement, since we w1ll have a chance to "change our image" from what the press mer or at any rate many workers don't at student, you will have to come in as a high tend meetings. If there are meetings, go if school graduate with a "former place of em has said about us. Talking about racism among white workers is no easy thing, to you are asked to, but with the idea of listen ployment" for the past ~ year. Talk about ing rather than orating. this wl th your group beforehand to work point out how the boss uses race, union, sex, craft, nationality, etc.• to separate workers; Since only general things have been cov things out. In most cases indicate that what ered here, it will be essential to keep in close ever you did on your previous job involved. it is easier to sit on them if they are divided, etc. The 1llusions created by the coming elec contact with the group to discuss problems some kind of manual work. You're not afraid with them. If possible, try to have two stu of real work, is the idea to get across. tions will be hard to combat. We can't ex pect wild things in three months, but we can dents in the same job to compare notes, ex Be familiar with whatever type of trans change experiences, and get a broader view portation will get you to work or say you begin to question, to point out relationships they might not have thought about or might of the place. However, if students work to "have a friend who works nearby". Some gether, they should not team up. It will be a places won't hire you if they think you are be afraid to express out loud, and we can begin to learn how to express these ideas constant temptation to stick with the person a potential latecomer. you know the best, can communicate with Draft status may be a problem, since 1-Y without being presumptuous or arrogant. Try talking to receptive individuals; don't start easiest, etc. This is not to say that you should or even 4-F applicants are usually turned ignore each other on the job, just that your down, and 2-S immediately reveals your by using the lunchroom for a "soap box ora tion". Discuss the use of literature when primary aim wm be to work and communi student status. Try not to mention it and cate with the permanent workers in the plant. use your wits if they do. to use, what kind. ' Try to make a few friends to last beyond If you use a "background" story make sure your former boss knows about it, and make the summer, and try to get their addresses and phone numbers before you leave the job. sure you were "laid off" due to slow business, GEORGE E. RUNDQUIST etc. and not fired. Choose a salary approxi Otherwise it might be hard to contact them mate to the job for which you are applying again. Concentrate on making new friends, or a little less and make sure your former even join a bowling team, etc. HON. WILLIAM F. RYAN boss knows this too. Don't talk to workers like you know every thing and they know nothing. First of all, OF NEW YORK If you take an aptitude test, don't show it's not true (probably the reverse). Even IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES off. On a time test, answer about half of the if you do know more about the specifics of questions or they may be suspicious and the Geneva Agreement or statistics on Black Thursday, June 26, 1969 want to use you in the "front office". Some Oppression that doesn't mean that by making times it is hard to Judge, and if possible it is a speech you'll get the facts across. Be Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker George R good for someone to test out the situation patient; make it an exchange of experience, Rundquist, former executlv~ director of for you. not a one-way affair. We will all make mis the New York Civil Liberties Union, died If you have any physical defects which takes; don't give up! Discuss things with the Tuesday, May 27, in Dunedin, Fla. He can't be ~etected from a normal physical group. The workers were all rookies once, but was 72 years old. exam, don't mention them. Companies are they survived. because they had to; they wary of hiring someone with previous in A founder of the New York Civil Liber had to eat. ties Union. George Rundquist was a con juries which could be re-injured, creating Try to record your experiences by day or the basis for a suit. week. Just a few notes about relevant events stan~ defender of the oppressed and the You should be at your first place looking will be invaluable for other people partici aggrieved. He was dedicated to the de at around 8:30 or 9:00, and don't go to your pating in the Work-In, for those next sum fense of the principles set forth in the Bill last place any later than noon. Generally, mer and for other publicity such as a re of Right~.. ~!though he frequently came don't wear a suit, but don't dress like a slob gional newsletter or New Left Notes (or any under cnt1c1sm for his views, he enjoyed or a hippy. Sports jacket/ dress with low other). the great respect of even his opponents heels usually will do. Come to work on time! Lateness is the first and adversaries. If you have to sign a "non-communist" or cause of being fired in a trial period. Don't "non subversive" statement you can do so A graduate of New York University and start broadside against the union leadership Harvard., Mr. Rundquist started work fr.'r without breaking any law unless the com Listen, ask questions about grievances and pany ls doing govt. work (this would be perhaps suggest types of fights if you can ~he Lewis Publishing Co. in 1916, where stated). Discuss this with the group if you think of something. But don't feel com m 1919 he became an associate editor are going unclear. pelled to give leadership on all questions. However, in 1923 he entered the invest~ Be straightforward, use simple language One important result of your job may just be ment field in Los Angeles. ~nd attitude, not $20 words. Don't volunteer an appreciation of what workers are up The publishing profession reg-ained his information, just answer what is asked. against in their fight against the boss, the attenti.on with1n 3 years, and in 1926 he June 26, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 17621 became an associate editor with the organization's persistent urging, the city's of a press release issued by Consumers American Historical Society. After 13 Police Department set up its own board to Union on the study. I sincerely hope that review allegations of police brutality. the military will follow the advice pre years with the society he left to join the In 1966, the year after his retirement, the publishing firm of James T. White & Co. Liberties Union was again to attack the sented by Consumers Union, for the During World War II Mr. Rundquist problem of police brutality. It was one of study, if implemented, would go a long served as the executive secretary of the the many civic groups that actively cam way toward bettering the lives of all our Committee on Resettlement of Japanese paigned to protect the new police review servicemen. The press release follows: Americans, an organization which helped boa.rd-this one controlled by civilians THE SERVICEMAN AS A CONSUMER-CONSUM against the threat of a referendum urged Japanese American evacuees from the ERS UNION COMPLETES DEFENSE DEPART by the Patrolmen's Benevolent Association MENT STUDY west coast. Starting in 1932 he held the and the Conservative party. The board was PoSition of associate secretary of the subsequently defeated and abolished in the MOUNT VERNON, N.Y.-A study of the pro American Friends Service Committee and referendum. gram of the Department of Defense for the from 1945 to 1947 he worked in the capac Mr. Rundquist, however, was usually vic protection of the serviceman as a consumer torious. He was proud of having brought to has been completed by Consumers Union, ity of associate secretary of the commit the nonprofit testing and advisory organiza tee's foreign section in Philadelphia. a successful conclusion in 1956 the case of a Brooklyn man, Calnilo Leyra Jr., who had tion. He was executive director of the New been sentenced to die three times for the The Defense Department is given high York Civil Liberties Union from 1951 un murder of his parents in 1950. marks, on the whole, for its policies, but til his retirement in 1965. The Coum; of Appeals distnlssed the flrst enforcement is seen as varying widely from One of Mr. Rundquist's triumphs was degree murder indictment and freed him, installation to installation. The principal the establishment in 1953 of a review ruling that his confession to the police would recommendation is that the Pentagon should within the New York City Police Depart well have been influenced by a lack of sleep, give emphasis, now lacking, to developing painful sinus attacks, the shock of the in the individual's capacity for self-protection ment to study allegations of police bru cident and the destruction of his alibi. through education. tality. The establishment of the board He and his organization succeeded in 1960 Recommendations are also made regarding was a result of pressure from Mr. Rund in persuading the New York State Legisla expansion of credit unions, comparative quist's organization, the New York Civil ture to eliminate the Security Risk Law, testing of military exchange merchandise, Liberties Union. In 1966, 1 year after his which required a loyalty oath from State the adoption of "no fault" auto insurance retirement, the New York Civil Liberties .Civil Service employes. and the development of regulations govern Union participated in the unsuccessful Mr. Rundquist, a native New Yorker, at ing the sale of mutual funds and variable campaign for a Civilian Review Board. tended New York University and Harvard and annuities. in 1916 went to work for the Lewis Publish For more than a decade, the Defense De Dedicated and hard working, George ing Company, with which he became an as partment has been developing "Directives" R. Rundquist was committed to the de sociate editor three years later. In 1923 he to serve as guidelines for the protection of fense of civil liberties, and devoted his left the publishing field to enter the invest servicemen against fraud and unscrupulous efforts to insure their preservation. As ment business in Los Angeles. commercial practices. For example, two years one who admired and respected his work, The business world held his interest only before the Congress passed the truth-in I know his presence will be keenly missed. for three years, and in 1926 he became an lending law, DOD issued a directive which associate editor with the American Historical called for full disclosure of annual interest I would like to extend to his widow my Society. In 1939, Mr. Rundquis·t joined James rates for all transactions conducted on mili deepest sympathy and condolences at the T. White & Co., publishers. tary installations and provided other protec loss which she, as well as all those who His humanitarian outlook first found pro tions now found in the federal law. Other knew George Rundquist, have suffered. fessional expression when he became associ directives sought to eliininate fly-by-night I include at this point in the RECORD ate secretary of the American Friends Service life insurance companies, stabilize the auto the obituary from the New York Times of Comxnittee in 1942. During World War II, insurance picture, and provide for counsel May 28, 1969: Mr. Lindquist was executive secretary of the ing in personal affairs and establish stand Comxnittee on Resettlement of Japa.nese ards of fairness in commercial transactions. GEORGE E. RUNDQUIST, 72, DEAD; DmECTED Americans, aiding Japanese-American evacu The report by Consumers Union finds the LmERTIES UNION HERE; HEAD OF GROUP ees from the West Coast. From 1945 to 1947, directives "appear to have had a salutary ef FROM 1951 TO 1965 FOUGHT FOR FORMATION he worked as associate secretary of the Ameri fect in eliminating the most flagrant abuses." OF POLICE REvIEW BOARD can Friends Service Comxnittee's foreign sec But the study is critical of the enforce DUNEDIN, FLA., May 27.-George E. Rund tion in Philadelphia. ment of the directives and of the briefing quist, executive director of the New York process through which servicemen are made Civil Liberties Union from its founding in aware of the protective measures. Enforce 1951 until his retirement in 1965, died to ment was found to vary with the degree of day in a hospital here. He was 72 years old. comxnitment to the prorgam by individual He is survived by his widow, the former CONSUMERS UNION BACKS MILI commanders. In some installations authority Alice L. Perinchief. TARY CREDIT UNION PROGRAM enforcement was found to be diffused DEFENDER OF THE AGGRIEVED among several different commands. In addi Mr. Rundquist's soft-spoken and dignified tion, the study notes that pressures from manner belied the ferocity with which he HON. WRIGHT PATMAN Congressmen can be helpful or harmful to attacked a wide range of civll liberties issues. OF TEXAS the enforcement process and that, by and large, disciplinary control boards appear to In his dedication to the defense, interpre IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tation and practice of the principles set forth take little interest or action in "off-base" in the Bill of Rights, Mr. Rundquist fre Thursday, June 26, 1969 violations of DOD's Standards of Fairness. quently encouraged antagonism from oppo Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, the highly At all Inilitary installations visited for the nents but rarely a lack of respect. respected private consumer's organiza study, the "letter" of the orientation and In 1960, he led his organization's fight on counseling program was met by the quality behalf of George Lincoln Rockwell and the tion, Consumers Union, recently com of presentation was found to be low and the American Nazi party for the right to speak pleted a study for the Department of De effect Ininimal, according to the report. in Union Square. He maintained that the fense into all aspects of the serviceman The report likens the department's con denial of such permission would violate con as a consumer. As a part of its study, sumer protection directives to essential con stitutional rights of free speech and aBsem Consumers Union strongly endorsed the sumer protection laws for civilians and bly. operation of credit unions on military points out that the real ultimate protection "This position is consistent with our tra installations. In fact, the study recom for either servicemen or civilians must come ditional defense of free speech, despite the from a growing sophistication achieved fact that the groups of individuals under mends that the military provide more as through education of the individual. Recom attack are abhorred by the majority of the sistance to these worthwhile institutions mendations are made to expand the train community," he said. so that they can better perform their ing of personal affairs counselors and legal The New York Civil Liberties Union suc jobs in helping our servicemen. assistance officers, and to develop more, and ceeded a committee that had been operated The Banking and Currency Commit more effective, education materials. by its parent body, the American Civil Lib tee has long been interested in the credit Credit unions have the potential for mak erties Union, of which Mr. Rundquist had problems of servicemen and has consist ing an even greater contribution to the wel been an assistant director since 1948. fare of the servicemen, according to the re The new group, which served the aggrieved ently recommended that credit unions be port. It estimates that only one-eighth of the in New York City and Westchester County established on every U.S. military instal military and civilian defense workers are during his administration, later expanded lation throughout the world. I am glad being served by credit union facilities now. its activities to cover all of the state. that Consumers Union has endorsed this Attention is called to the initial success of One of Mr. Rundquist's successful cam recommendation. six experiments with overseas branches of paigns bore fruit in 1953 when, under his I am including in my remarks a copy large U.S. based defense credit unions and 17622 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE June 27, 1969 rapid expansion of that program is urged. of present extremely Umlted lab fac111ties or number of states. A feature of this new ap In addition, the report proposes that a train through contracts with other government proach known as "excess coverage" makef ing program in debt and money managemen:t labs or commercial facilities. The report also the youthful serviceman suddenly an at. counseling for defense credit union personnel points to the need for more consideration of tractive risk at a relatively low rate. This be initiated. the needs and pocketbooks of low-rank change in status derives from the fact that Part of the study deals with the price/ milltary personnel in the selection of the premium would not have to cover such quality aspects of the mllltary exchange pro merchandise. potentially costly items as loss of income gram. The principal goal of the exchange sys The problems of servicemen in securing and medical payments, the report says. tem, to make necessary goods conveniently auto insurance and the rates charged them Still another section of the report recom available at low prices, ls largely achieved, were also studied. The department ls urged mends that the directive covering conditions the report says. But the lack of any perform to study the merits of the "no fault" insur for the sale of life insurance serve as the ance-quality testing ls seen as a weakness ance concept now being widely debated and basis for similar regulations for the sale of that should be corrected either by expansion under consideration by the legislatures in a mutual and variable annuities.

HOUSE OF-REPRESENTATIVES-Friday, June 27, 1969 The House met at 11 o'clock a.m. lution of the following titles, in which the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch, concurrence of the House is requested: the request of the gentleman from DD., offered the following prayer: s. 621. An aot to provide for the establish Texas? All things come from Thee, 0 Lord, ment of the Apostle Islands National Lake Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, reserving the shore in the State of Wisconsin, and for other right to object, would the gentleman and of Thine own have we given Thee.- purposes; briefly explain the purpose of the reso 1 Chronicles 29: 14. S. 1076. An act to establish a pilot program lution? O Thou whose wisdom is so wise that in the Departments of the Interior and Agri Mr. PATMAN. Will the gentleman we often doubt it, whose love is so loving culture designa.ted as the Youth Conserva yield? we often deny it, and whose truth is so tion Corps, and for other purposes; true we often fear it, grant unto us such S. 1708. An act to amend title I of the Mr. GROSS. I am gl:ad to yield to the a full measure of Thy spirit that we may Land and Water conservation Fund Act of' gentleman from Texas. 1965 (78 Stat. 897}, and for other purposes; Mr. PATMAN. Yes. I shall be very glad never doubt Thy wisdom, never deny S. 1932. An act for the relief of Arthur Thy love, and never fear Thy truth. to. The enactment of the proposed legis Rike; and lation will extend the Export Control Act Thou hast called us to live together in S.J. Res. 122. Joint resolution to provide for of 1949 for 2 months, to August 30, 1969. peace and good will. Let Tr..y presence a temporary extension of the authority con so move in men that the leaders of the ferred by the Export Control Act of 1949. The ExPort Control Act furnishes the world may find support for peaceful pro basic authority for control of exPorts to cedures in their endeavor to establish Oommunist bloc countries. It furnishes justice, to maintain order, to develop un THE HONORABLE JOHN MELCHER the authority for restricting the outflow derstanding, and to build bridges be Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan of scarce ma;terials, as well as the author tween nations and people. ity to regulate exports in furtherance of imous consent that the gentleman from the foreign policy and national security Teach us to unite what we ought to Montana, Mr. JOHN MELCHER, be per do with what we will do, that walking of the United States. The temporary ex mitted to take the oath of office today. tension of the Export Control Act, which in the way of Thy word and obeying Thy His certificate of election has not arrived, commandments, we may have life more would otherwise expire on June 30, 1969, but there is no contest, and no question will enable the committee to complete its abundant, liberty more abounding, and has been raised with respect to his elec deliberations. love more abiding-all to the glory of tion. Thy holy name. Amen. This has been agreed to unanimously The SPEAKER. Is there objection to by the subcommittee and by the gentle the request of the gentleman from Okla man from New Jersey (Mr. WIDNALL), homa? THE JOURNAL the ranking minority member of the full There was no objection. committee. The Journal of the proceedings of Mr. MELCHER appeared at the bar of Mr. GROSS. I thank the gentleman for yesterday was read and approved. the House and took the oath of office·. his explanation. Mr. Speaker, I withdraw my reserva MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE PERMISSION FOR SUBCOMMITI'EE tion of objection. ON FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE, The SPEAKER. Is there objection to A message from the Senate by Mr. COMMITTEE ON MERCHANT MA the request of the gentleman from Arrington, one of its clerks, announced RINE AND FISHERIES, TO SIT TO Texas? that the Senate had passed without DAY DURING GENERAL DEBATE There was no objection. amendment a bill of the House of the The Clerk read the Senate joint res following title: Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan- olution, as follows: H.R. 265. An act to amend section 502 of imous consent that the Subcommittee on S.J. RES. 122 the Merchant Marine Aot, 1936, relating to Fisheries and Wildlife of the Committee Resolved by the -Senate and House of Rep oonstruction-differen ttal subsidies. on Merchant Marine ~nd Fisheries may resentatives of the United States of Amer, The message also announced that the be permitted to sit today during general ica in Congress assembled, That section 1: Senate had passed with an amendment debate. of the Export Control Act of 1949, as amend, in which the concurrence of the House is The SPEAKER. Is there objection to ed (50 U.S.C. App. 2032), is amended b} the request of the gentleman from striking out "June 30, 1969" and inserting requested, a bill of the House of the fol in lieu thereof "August 30, 1969". lowing title: Louisiana? There was no objection. H.R.12167. An aot to authorize appropria The Senate joint resolution was or tions to the Atomic Energy Commission in dered to be read a third time, was read accordance with section 261 of the Atomic PROVIDING EXTENSION OF AU the third time, and passed. Energy Act of 1954, as amended, and for other THORITY CONFERRED BY EXPORT A motion to reconsider was laid on purposes. CONTROL ACT OF 1949 the table. The message also announced that the A similar House joint resolution (H.J. Senate agrees to the amendment of the Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask Res. 780) was laid on the table. House to a concurrent resolution of the unanimous consent for the immediate Senate of the following title: consideration of the Senate joint resolu tion (S.J. Res. 122) to provide for a CALL OF THE HOUSE S. Con. Res. 17. Concurrent resolution to recognize the 10th anniversary of the opening temporary extension of the authority Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, I make the of the St. Lawrence Seaway. conferred by the Export Control Act of point of order that a quorum is not 1949. present. The message also announced that the The Clerk read the title of the Senate The SPEAKER. Evidently a quorum Senate had passed bills and a joint reso- joint resolution. is not present.