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Disaggregating the Scare from the Greens
DISAGGREGATING THE SCARE FROM THE GREENS Lee Hall*† INTRODUCTION When the Vermont Law Review graciously asked me to contribute to this Symposium focusing on the tension between national security and fundamental values, specifically for a segment on ecological and animal- related activism as “the threat of unpopular ideas,” it seemed apt to ask a basic question about the title: Why should we come to think of reverence for life or serious concern for the Earth that sustains us as “unpopular ideas”? What we really appear to be saying is that the methods used, condoned, or promoted by certain people are unpopular. So before we proceed further, intimidation should be disaggregated from respect for the environment and its living inhabitants. Two recent and high-profile law-enforcement initiatives have viewed environmental and animal-advocacy groups as threats in the United States. These initiatives are the Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty (SHAC) prosecution and Operation Backfire. The former prosecution targeted SHAC—a campaign to close one animal-testing firm—and referred also to the underground Animal Liberation Front (ALF).1 The latter prosecution *. Legal director of Friends of Animals, an international animal-rights organization founded in 1957. †. Lee Hall, who can be reached at [email protected], thanks Lydia Fiedler, the Vermont Law School, and Friends of Animals for making it possible to participate in the 2008 Symposium and prepare this Article for publication. 1. See Indictment at 14–16, United States v. Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty USA, Inc., No. 3:04-cr-00373-AET-2 (D.N.J. May 27, 2004), available at http://www.usdoj.gov/usao/nj/press/files/ pdffiles/shacind.pdf (last visited Apr. -
The Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act and Ecoterrorism Thomas J
Fordham University Masthead Logo DigitalResearch@Fordham Student Theses 2015-Present Environmental Studies Spring 5-15-2016 Controlling What Is Wild: The Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act and Ecoterrorism Thomas J. Levendosky Fordham University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://fordham.bepress.com/environ_2015 Recommended Citation Levendosky, Thomas J., "Controlling What Is Wild: The Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act and Ecoterrorism" (2016). Student Theses 2015-Present. 33. https://fordham.bepress.com/environ_2015/33 This is brought to you for free and open access by the Environmental Studies at DigitalResearch@Fordham. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student Theses 2015-Present by an authorized administrator of DigitalResearch@Fordham. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Controlling What Is Wild The Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act and Ecoterrorism Thomas Levendosky Environmental Studies 4000: Senior Thesis May 15, 2016 1 Abstract This thesis examines the extremist side of the environmental activism commonly known as ecoterrorism, and the subsequent implications of categorizing criminal activism as terrorism. Groups such as Earth First!, the Animal Liberation Front (ALF), and the Environmental Liberation Front (ELF) strive to protect the natural world from the detrimental impacts of industrialization. Activists affiliated with these groups endorse direct action against environmentally harmful enterprises. Extremists are motivated by the belief that they are on the frontline defending the defenseless. They hope to dissuade corporations and government agencies from exploiting the natural world by exposing unethical practices and causing economic damage. The strategy of direct action can involve sabotaging of industrial equipment (monkeywrenching), arson, and tree spiking. Direct action also promotes nonviolent protest and civil disobedience to obstruct industrial development. -
ANIMAL LIBERATION FRONT SUPPORTERS GROUP August 2009
ANIMAL LIBERATION FRONT SUPPORTERS GROUP August 2009 This lamb was destined to end up on somebody’s plate, but no longer. Intead she and others will live a life of freedom ! Inside this issue Prisoner Features - News - Letters from Prisoners - Liberation Pictures - How to help the prisoners and more... For up to date prisoner listings and prisoner news, go to our website at: www.alfsg.org.uk Jonny Ablewhite Dan Amos Tre Arrow Gregg Avery Natasha Avery Nathan Block Mel Broughton Jake Conroy Lauren Gazzola Alex Hall Sean Kirtley Kevin Kjonaas Marie Mason Eric McDavid Daniel McGowan Gavin Med-Hall Heather Nicholas Kevin Olliff Johnathan Paul William James Viehl Nicole Vosper Dan Wadham Briana Waters Kerry Whitburn Sarah Whitehead 2 ALF SG BM Box 1160 London WC1N 3XX Editorial Welcome to another edition of the SG Newsletter. Because the main role of the SG is supporting the prisoners, the newsletter can often come over a little negative, dealing as it does with issues like arrests, court cases, prison conditions etc. But we should bear in mind that prison support is not just important for those particular prisoners, it is vital to the success of the whole animal liberation movement. To paraphrase several earlier writers involved in social struggles, any movement that does not support its political internees is a movement destined to fail. At the recent AR2009 International Animal Rights Gathering in Oslo, one of the three days was devoted to the theme of repression of the movement, and how to overcome it. We heard about how repression, which used to be mostly restricted to the UK and USA, was now spreading to other countries, such as Holland and Austria, and we heard of disturbing links between our government and theirs on the subject of how to tackle animal rights “extremists”. -
Fight Speciesism 8
ISSUE 8 --- SPRING 2009 FREE / DONATION anti -speciesist, anti -capit alist, abolitionist direct action news NETHERLANDS SPAIN MEXICO CITY ITALY SHAC 7 SOLIDARITY / OPERATION SINKING SHIP HUNT SABBING / MINK RELEASED / INTERNATIONAL ACTIONS MAX MARA / MONKEYS FIGHT BACK / BULLRING RIOTS ALF NETHERLANDS / ELF MEXICO / PRISONER SUPPORT / + MORE RIOTING IN LONDON – BATTLE OF KENSINGTON TO THOSE WHO DREAM OF FREEDOM Two weeks into Israels latest war of aggression against the people of Palestine over 800 people are dead, over 257 of which are children. th Around the world there have been militant protests and on the 10 January saw the second UK national demonstration since the invasion took place in London. Between 50,000 and 100,000 people took part in the march, which went from London's Hyde Park to the Israeli embassy. Other demonstrations and actions took place across the country over the whole weekend. “Four shops in total had their windows put through, two starbucks, one very posh optitions and for good measure a very posh clothes shop called top gun (wall to wall fur coats) so was good day for everyone. The police where extremely violent and willingly pushed large crouds of protesters into and over rows of upturned barrier, this is when many injuries occurd. At least four police helmets, 3 riot shields and some other filth apparel was conviscated by the protesters who used it to defend themselves against the pressing riot cops. Fireworks where thrown at police and the bastards in uniform FIVE TRUCKS TORCHED AT CHICKEN SLAUGHTERHOUSE - NORWAY where made to dance as they went off.” - ARA EDO SMASHED – SOLIDARITY WITH THE PEOPLE OF GAZA 2. -
Ar Calendar.P65
May 2012 Animal Rights Calendar Sat 12th . West Lancashire Vegan Fair Sat 12th . Global Boycott Procter & Gamble Day (TBC). Uncaged www.veggies.org.uk/arc.htm Sat 19th . Meat Free in Manchester : Vegetarian Society Sat 19th . Hugletts Wood Farm Animal Sanctuary Open Day Sun 20th . Horse and Pony Sanctuary Open Day March 2012 : Veggie Month : Animal Aid Mon 21st - Sun 27th . National Vegetarian Week Mon 5th . Sheffield Animal Friends meeting Fri 25th - Sun 27th . Bristol VegFestUK Mon 5th . Manchester Animal Action! 1st Monday monthly Sun 27th . GM Action Tue 6th . South East Animal Rights meeting. First Tuesday of each month. Tue 6th . Merseyside Animal Rights meeting. First Tuesday monthly June 2012 Sun 10th . Animals in Need Sponsored Walk Wed 7th . Live Exports - Ramsgate (every week) : Kent Action Against Live Exports (KAALE) Sun 10th . Nottingham Green Festival (T.B.C) Wed 7th . Derby Animal Rights. Every two weeks. Tue 19th . McLibel: Anniversary Day of Action Wed 7th . Southsea Animal Action meeting. First Wednesday monthly Wed 7th . Ethical Voice for Animals meeting. First Wednesday monthly July 2012 Wed 7th . Southampton Animal Action. First Wednesday monthly Thur 5th . Mel Broughton's Birthday : Vegan Prisoner Support Group Thur 8th . Nottingham Animal Rights Networking. Every two weeks Sat 7th . Animal Aid Sponsored Walk Fri 13th - Sun 15th . International Animal Rights Gathering, Poland Sat 10th . Demo against proposed cull Lake Windermere Canada Geese Mon 12th . Bath Animal Action / Hunt Sabs. 2nd Monday monthly August 2012 Wed 14th . Bournemouth Animal Aid Meeting. 2nd Wednesday monthly Wed 1st - Mon 6th . EF Summer Gathering, Shrewsbury Wed 14th . Taunton Vegans & Veggies. -
The Eco-Terrorist Wave (1970-2016)
THE ECO-TERRORIST WAVE (1970-2016) By João Raphael da Silva Submitted to Central European University Department of International Relations In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in International Relations Supervisor: Professor Matthijs Bogaards Word Count: Budapest, Hungary 2017 CEU eTD Collection 1 ABSTRACT The present research aims to shed light on the geographical and temporal spread of the ecological typology of terrorism – hereinafter referred as “Eco-Terrorism” – through the lens of the David C. Rapoport’s Wave and Tom Parker and Nick Sitter’s Strain Theories. This typology that has posed high levels of threats to the United States and the European Union member States remains uncovered by these two theoretical frameworks. My arguments are that, first, like many other typologies previously covered by the above-mentioned theories, Eco-Terrorism spread. Second, “Wave”, “Strain” or “Wavy Strain” should be able to explain the pattern followed by Eco-Terrorism. Making use of the “Contagion Effect” as an analytical tool, the present research found that, like in other typologies, as an indirect way of contagion, literary production has played a crucial role in the spread of Eco-Terrorism, with a slight difference on who was writing them. Eventually, they became leaders or members of an organization, but in most of the cases were philosophers and fiction authors. In addition, it was found that the system of organization of the ALF and the ELF contributes to the spread. As a direct way of contagion, aside from training like in other typologies, the spread occurs when members of a certain organization disaffiliate from an organization and found a new one, and sometimes when two organizations act in cooperation. -
Issue Number One. February, 2006. Free. the State Has Always Used Surveillance and Repression Against Those It Considers Threats Or Competition
The Warrior Wind Against a Society of Confinement: “Blow, wild wind, blow!” Issue Number One. February, 2006. Free. The State has always used surveillance and repression against those it considers threats or competition. For the past decade, earth and animal liberationists have faced an escalation of such surveillance and repression. When Jeff “Free” Luers was sentenced in 2001 to over 22 years for vandalizing SUVs, many felt his sentence was an exception or anomaly. Now almost all eco-prisoners are facing similar sentences (Earth Liberation Front prisoner Chris McIntosh was facing a 30 year minimum before taking a plea deal for eight years), and the sentences prisoners face are only climbing higher. To give one example: activists with Arizona Earth First!, recently convicted merely of charges relating to interference with a mountain-lion hunt, are being threatened with sentences Bill Rodgers, drawing by Katie. of over seven years at their March hearing! Federal law enforcement alleges that those arrested on December 7th, two individuals arrested since then, three people named in indictments but not apprehended, as well as unknown others, are all members of a large “eco-terror network” responsible for a series of actions in the northwest from 1996-2001. The actions in question On the Recent Wave of Repression included attacks against genetic engineering, various On December 7th, 2005, one of the largest wilderness “management” programs, meat and lumber roundups of environmental and animal liberation companies, as well as ecocidal development in general. activists in American history began. That day the FBI The Earth Liberation Front and the Animal Liberation arrested six people in four different states and issued Front used communiqués to claim responsibility for Grand Jury subpoenas to others not then taken into some of the actions cited in the government’s indictment. -
Greenpeace, Earth First! and the Earth Liberation Front: the Rp Ogression of the Radical Environmental Movement in America" (2008)
University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Senior Honors Projects Honors Program at the University of Rhode Island 2008 Greenpeace, Earth First! and The aE rth Liberation Front: The rP ogression of the Radical Environmental Movement in America Christopher J. Covill University of Rhode Island, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/srhonorsprog Part of the Environmental Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Covill, Christopher J., "Greenpeace, Earth First! and The Earth Liberation Front: The rP ogression of the Radical Environmental Movement in America" (2008). Senior Honors Projects. Paper 93. http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/srhonorsprog/93http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/srhonorsprog/93 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors Program at the University of Rhode Island at DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Honors Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Greenpeace, Earth First! and The Earth Liberation Front: The Progression of the Radical Environmental Movement in America Christopher John Covill Faculty Sponsor: Professor Timothy Hennessey, Political Science Causes of worldwide environmental destruction created a form of activism, Ecotage with an incredible success rate. Ecotage uses direct action, or monkey wrenching, to prevent environmental destruction. Mainstream conservation efforts were viewed by many environmentalists as having failed from compromise inspiring the birth of radicalized groups. This eventually transformed conservationists into radicals. Green Peace inspired radical environmentalism by civil disobedience, media campaigns and direct action tactics, but remained mainstream. Earth First’s! philosophy is based on a no compromise approach. -
Domestic Terrorism: an Overview
Domestic Terrorism: An Overview August 21, 2017 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44921 Domestic Terrorism: An Overview Summary The emphasis of counterterrorism policy in the United States since Al Qaeda’s attacks of September 11, 2001 (9/11) has been on jihadist terrorism. However, in the last decade, domestic terrorists—people who commit crimes within the homeland and draw inspiration from U.S.-based extremist ideologies and movements—have killed American citizens and damaged property across the country. Not all of these criminals have been prosecuted under federal terrorism statutes, which does not imply that domestic terrorists are taken any less seriously than other terrorists. The Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) do not officially designate domestic terrorist organizations, but they have openly delineated domestic terrorist “threats.” These include individuals who commit crimes in the name of ideologies supporting animal rights, environmental rights, anarchism, white supremacy, anti-government ideals, black separatism, and beliefs about abortion. The boundary between constitutionally protected legitimate protest and domestic terrorist activity has received public attention. This boundary is highlighted by a number of criminal cases involving supporters of animal rights—one area in which specific legislation related to domestic terrorism has been crafted. The Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act (P.L. 109-374) expands the federal government’s legal authority to combat animal rights extremists who engage in criminal activity. Signed into law in November 2006, it amended the Animal Enterprise Protection Act of 1992 (P.L. 102-346). This report is intended as a primer on the issue, and four discussion topics in it may help explain domestic terrorism’s relevance for policymakers: Level of Activity. -
U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation Washington
U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation Washington, D.C. 20535-0001 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE NATIONAL PRESS OFFICE November 19, 2008 (202) 324-3691 www.fbi.gov REWARD INCREASED FOR OPERATION BACKFIRE FUGITIVES Washington, D.C. – Today, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives announced an increased reward for information about fugitives being sought for their role in a domestic terrorism cell. Specifically, the FBI is offering a reward of up to $50,000 for information leading to the arrest of Josephine Sunshine Overaker, Joseph Mahmoud Dibee, Justin Franchi Solondz, and Rebecca Rubin. These individuals were members of the domestic terrorism cell, referred to as “The Family,” whose criminal actions included vandalism, animal releases, arsons and attempted arsons across Oregon, Washington, California, Wyoming and Colorado. “We appreciate the assistance of our domestic and international law enforcement partners in this ongoing fugitive search,” said Executive Assistant Director Arthur M. Cummings, II, FBI National Security Branch. “These individuals are terrorists –regardless of their political or social message – their actions were criminal and in violation of federal law. The FBI has remained vigilant in the search for these individuals and will make every effort to apprehend these fugitives and bring them to justice.” From 1996 to 2001, these individuals conducted a range of criminal actions throughout the United States in the name of the Animal Liberation Front and Earth Liberation Front. They were responsible for at least 25 domestic terrorism criminal actions totaling over $80 million in damages, including the largest eco-related arson in history, a $12 million dollar arson at the Vail Ski Resort in Vail, Colorado. -
Animal Liberation Front Supporters Group
animal liberation front supporters group barry horne remembered the sinking of a Norwegian whaler mink farms targeted prisoner news global actions december 2011 www.alfsg.org.uk Current prisoners For up to date prisoner listings and prisoner news, go to our website at: www.alfsg.org.uk Nathan Block Walter Bond Mel Broughton Gavin Medd-Hall Marie Mason Sarah Whitehead Daniel McGowan Eric McDavid Heather Nicholson Steve Murphy Joyanna Zacher (Please remember some prisoners are not publicaly listed above for different reasons - they will not be forgotten) ALF supporters group animal liberation front supporters group inside editorial 1 Editorial Welcome to another edition of the Supporters Group Newsletter. We're happy to be able to 2 News report that since the last newsletter, the three Newchurch prisoners have been released 5 Prisoners after serving 6 years, as have Natasha and Gregg Avery after four and a half years. We're 8 Barry Horne sure you'll be delighted for them as we are, and it is a lesson to all of us, that no matter how long they sentence you, there's always freedom at the end of it. 12 Prisoners contact Unfortunately for countless millions of animals that freedom is still a long way off, their only 15 Global actions future is a lifetime of misery, fear, pain or torture, hidden away from the public behind closed 21 Merchandise doors. And while that situation continues, there's little doubt that for the foreseeable future more activists will be spending time in prison, having sacrificed their liberty in the fight to give a voice and a future for those who cannot fight or speak out for themselves. -
Internal Brakes on Violent Escalation: a Descriptive Typology FULL REPORT
FEBRUARY 2019 The Internal Brakes on Violent Escalation: A Descriptive Typology FULL REPORT Joel Busher, Coventry University Donald Holbrook, University College London Graham Macklin, Oslo University We would like to thank the CREST team and stakeholders for their support and guidance throughout the course of this project. We would also like to thank Tam Sanger for their excellent transcription services, Rachel Monaghan for their comments on an earlier draft of this report, and the interviewees who kindly gave up their time to share their experiences and insights with us. This is the full report from the The Internal Brakes on Violent Escalation: A Descriptive Typology programme, funded by CREST. To find out more information about this programme, and to see other outputs from the team, visit: www.crestresearch.ac.uk/projects/internal-brakes-violent-escalation/ About CREST The Centre for Research and Evidence on Security Threats (CREST) is a national hub for understanding, countering and mitigating security threats. It is an independent centre, commissioned by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) and funded in part by the UK security and intelligence agencies (ESRC Award: ES/N009614/1). www.crestresearch.ac.uk ©2019 CREST Creative Commons 4.0 BY-NC-SA licence. www.crestresearch.ac.uk/copyright TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..........................................................................................................................5 1.1 The typology ...................................................................................................................................................................5