DOCSLIB.ORG

Impact of Maternal Undernutrition on the Hypothalamic–Pituitary– Adrenal Axis Responsiveness in Sheep at Different Ages Postnatal

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Impact of Maternal Undernutrition on the Hypothalamic–Pituitary– Adrenal Axis Responsiveness in Sheep at Different Ages Postnatal 495 Impact of maternal undernutrition on the hypothalamic–pituitary– adrenal axis responsiveness in sheep at different ages postnatal S E Chadio1, B Kotsampasi1, G Papadomichelakis2, S Deligeorgis3, D Kalogiannis1, I Menegatos1 and G Zervas2 1Laboratory of Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic Animals, 2Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, 3Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75, Iera odos, 11855 Athens, Greece (Requests for offprints should be addressed to S E Chadio; Email: [email protected]) Abstract Epidemiological and experimental data support the lower (P!0.05) in group R2 compared with control. Birth hypothesis of ‘fetal programming’, which proposes that weight of lambs was not affected by the maternal nutritional alterations in fetal nutrition and endocrine status lead to manipulation. The area under the curve for ACTH and permanent adaptations in fetal homeostatic mechanisms, cortisol response to CRH challenge was greater (P!0.05) in producing long-term changes in physiology and determine lambs of group R1 at two months of age, whereas no susceptibility to later disease. Altered hypothalamic–pituitary– difference was detected at the ages of 5.5 and 10 months. adrenal (HPA) axis function has been proposed to play an However, significantly higher (P!0.01) basal cortisol levels important role in programming of disease risk. The aim of the were observed in lambs of R1 group at 5.5 months of age. present study was to examine the effects of maternal nutrient There was no interaction between treatment and sex for both restriction imposed during different periods of gestation on pituitary and adrenal responses to the challenge. A significant the HPA axis function in sheep, at different ages postnatal. sex effect was evident with females responding with higher Pregnant ewes were fed a 50% nutrient-restricted diet from ACTH and cortisol levels at the age of 5.5 months (P!0.01, days 0–30 (group R1, nZ7), or from days 31–100 of gestation ! . Z P 0 001 respectively) and with higher cortisol levels (group R2, n 7) or a control 100% diet throughout (P!0.01) at 10 months of age than males. It is concluded pregnancy, (Control, nZ8). Blood samples were collected that the HPA axis is programmable by altered nutrition in at 10-day intervals from day 40 of gestation to term. Lambs utero. The sensitivity of the axis to exogenous stimulation is were born naturally and fed to appetite throughout the study enhanced during early postnatal life and attenuated with age, period. At 2, 5.5, and 10 months of age lambs were given an suggesting a role for the postnatal influences in resetting of the i.v. injection of corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) and blood samples were collected at K15, 0, 15, 30, 60, 120, HPA axis and emphasizing the importance of identifying and 180 min postinjection. Maternal cortisol levels were the impact of maternal undernutrition at several time points significantly higher (P!0.05) in group R1 compared with after birth. the other two groups, whereas maternal insulin levels were Journal of Endocrinology (2007) 192, 495–503 Introduction programming sequelae of maternal nutrient restriction (Langley-Evans et al. 1996). In sheep, maternal cortisol A series of experimental and epidemiological studies had led changes are related to the timing when feed restriction is to the fetal programming hypothesis, which implies that imposed. Late-gestation undernutrition resulted in elevated adverse environmental factors, acting in utero program the maternal cortisol concentrations (Edwards & McMillen development of fetal tissues, producing dysfunctions and 2001), while early- to mid-gestation or periconceptional diseases in adults (Barker et al. 1993). Such programming undernutrition resulted in reduced or unchanged cortisol reflects the action of a factor during a sensitive period or levels respectively (Bispham et al. 2003, Gardner et al. 2006). window of development to exert organizational effects that It has been shown that maternal nutrient restriction, which persist throughout life (Seckl 2001). The triggers operative has no effect on birth weight, can alter the function of the during fetal life that have been studied most extensively are hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis (Hawkins et al. undernutrition and glucocorticoid exposure (Seckl 2001, 1999, 2000), which has been suggested to play a role in Symonds et al. 2001). The glucocorticoids are proposed to act programming of the later disease (Seckl 1997). Studies as intermediary factors that transcribe the development examining the impact of maternal nutrient restriction on Journal of Endocrinology (2007) 192, 495–503 DOI: 10.1677/JOE-06-0172 0022–0795/07/0192–495 q 2007 Society for Endocrinology Printed in Great Britain Online version via http://www.endocrinology-journals.org Downloaded from Bioscientifica.com at 10/01/2021 12:05:37AM via free access 496 S E CHADIO and others . Maternal undernutrition in sheep offspring HPA axis have been mostly limited to the late-gestation fetus concentrate mixture (in pellets) containing barley, corn, or young lambs (Hawkins et al. 2000, Edwards et al. 2001, wheat bran, cottonseed meal, limestone, bicalcium phos- Edwards & McMillen 2002, Bloomfield et al. 2004) and only a phate, sodium chloride, and mineral–vitamin premix. The few have been undertaken to establish the long-term effects of lucerne chaff, wheat straw and pelleted concentrate provided maternal undernutrition on HPA function in the adult sheep. 7.2, 5.5, 10 MJ metabolizable energy/kg and contained 135, Brief undernutrition for 10 but not 20 days during late 32 and 115 g crude protein/kg respectively. gestation altered the HPA function in adult offspring, further Pregnancy and fetal number were confirmed by ultrasound emphasizing the fact that the timing, type, and duration of at day 70 of gestation. Only twin-bearing ewes were used, fetal nutrient restriction are each important in determining while two singleton-bearing ewes from group R2 were the nature of the fetal adaptive responses and their excluded from the study. All nutritional regimens were pathophysiological sequelae in later life (Bloomfield et al. adjusted for gestational age and fetal number, while 2003). More recently periconceptional undernutrition was maintaining the treatment difference and taking into account shown to exert a minor influence on HPA axis function in the increasing fetal burden. young adult sheep (Gardner et al. 2006). Ewes were weighed weekly before morning feeding It has been suggested that HPA axis function may undergo throughout gestation. Blood samples were collected at developmental changes, since prenatal glucocorticoid 10-day intervals before feeding for the measurement of exposure in sheep resulted in different HPA axis responsive- cortisol and insulin concentrations, from day 40 until ness between 6 months and 1 year postnatal age, which parturition. All blood samples were centrifuged at highlights the importance of studying outcome at several 2800 r.p.m. for 15 min and plasma was separated into aliquots different times postnatal (Sloboda et al. 2002). and stored at K20 8C for subsequent analysis. To our knowledge, no study has investigated the age- Lambs were delivered naturally. After delivery they were related changes on stimulated HPA axis function in sheep dried, ear tagged, and weighed and the date of birth and sex offspring as a result of maternal undernutrition at different were recorded. Two days after birth, newborns were discrete times during pregnancy. separated from their mothers and reared on artificial milk Therefore, the present study was undertaken in order to containing coconut oil, whey powder, wheat starch, soya characterize the effects of 50% maternal nutrient restriction protein, and vitamin–antioxidants premix (Capragno, Serval during two (0–30 and 31–100 days) periods of gestation on S.A., France). Milk was offered ad libitum, in order to ensure the HPA axis responsiveness to exogenously administered that lambs met their daily requirements, until the age of corticotropin-releasing hormone at three different ages in 45 days. After this age, lambs’ diet consisted of lucerne hay postnatal life in sheep. and a commercial pellet mixture containing barley, corn, soya meal, sunflower meal, wheat bran, powder milk, limestone, bicalcium phosphate, and mineral–vitamin pre- Materials and Methods mix. Lambs were weighed biweekly from birth to the end of experiment. Three lambs from the control and one from the Animal management and nutritional treatments R2 group were weighed until weaning and therefore Z Z Twenty-two ewes (Ovies aries) of the Chios breed, of similar treatment groups were: C (male (m) 7/female (f) 6), R1 Z Z Z Z age (2.0G0.3 years) and body weight (63.0G0.6 kg), were (m 7/f 7), R2: (m 5/f 4). used. Housing and care of animals conformed to Faculty of Animal Science guidelines. Ewes were housed indoors and Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) challenges were mated following estrus synchronization with intrava- At three different ages (2, 5.5, and 10 months) lambs were ginal progestagen sponges (Chronogest, Intervet, Holland). At the time of mating, they were randomly allocated to one of injected with 0 5 mg ovine CRH/kg body weight (Sigma the following treatments. Control group (C, nZ8) fed 100% Chemical). Blood samples were collected at 15 and 0 min of the recommended metabolizable energy (ME) and crude before and at 15, 30, 60, and 180 min after the CRH protein (CP) requirements (9 MJ ME/day and 104 g CP/day challenge, in heparinized tubes kept on ice, centrifuged at for the maintenance of a 60 kg non pregnant ewe, National 2800 r.p.m. for 15 min and stored at K20 8C until hormone Research Council (NRC 1985) for the whole of gestational analysis. All challenges were administered between 0800 and period, nutrient restricted group 1 (R1, nZ7) offered 50% of 0900 h in order to minimize the impact of circadian the control nutrient allowance during the first 30 days of variability on measurements of plasma adrenocorticotropic pregnancy, and nutrient restricted group 2 (R2, nZ7) fed to hormone (ACTH) and cortisol.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Prenatal Stress Induces Schizophrenia-Like Alterations of Serotonin 2A and Metabotropic Glutamate 2 Receptors in the Adult Offspring: Role of Maternal Immune System
    1088 • The Journal of Neuroscience, January 16, 2013 • 33(3):1088–1098 Neurobiology of Disease Prenatal Stress Induces Schizophrenia-Like Alterations of Serotonin 2A and Metabotropic Glutamate 2 Receptors in the Adult Offspring: Role of Maternal Immune System Terrell Holloway,1 Jose´ L. Moreno,1 Adrienne Umali,1 Vinayak Rayannavar,1 Georgia E. Hodes,3 Scott J. Russo,3,4 and Javier Gonza´lez-Maeso1,2,4 Departments of 1Psychiatry, 2Neurology, and 3Neuroscience and 4Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029 It has been suggested that severe adverse life events during pregnancy increase the risk of schizophrenia in the offspring. The serotonin 5-HT2A and the metabotropic glutamate 2 (mGlu2) receptors both have been the target of considerable attention regarding schizophrenia and antipsychotic drug development. We tested the effects of maternal variable stress during pregnancy on expression and behavioral functionofthesetworeceptorsinmice.Prenatalstressincreased5-HT2A anddecreasedmGlu2expressioninfrontalcortex,abrainregion involved in perception, cognition, and mood. This pattern of expression of 5-HT2A and mGlu2 receptors was consistent with behavioral alterations, including increased head-twitch response to the hallucinogenic 5-HT2A agonist DOI [1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2- aminopropane] and decreased mGlu2-dependent antipsychotic-like effect of the mGlu2/3 agonist LY379268 (1R,4R,5S,6R-2-oxa-4- aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-4,6-dicarboxylate) in adult, but not prepubertal, mice born to stressed mothers during pregnancy. Cross-fosteringstudiesdeterminedthatthesealterationswerenotattributabletoeffectsofprenatalstressonmaternalcare.Additionally, a similar pattern of biochemical and behavioral changes were observed in mice born to mothers injected with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] during pregnancy as a model of prenatal immune activation.
    [Show full text]
  • Prenatal Stress and Child Development: a Scoping Review of Research in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Prenatal stress and child development: A scoping review of research in low- and middle-income countries Giavana Buffa1, Salome Dahan2, Isabelle Sinclair3, Myriane St-Pierre3, Noushin Roofigari4, 5 6 3 Dima Mutran , Jean-Jacques RondeauID , Kelsey Needham DancauseID * 1 Ross University School of Medicine, Portsmouth, Dominica, 2 University of Haifa, School of Public Health, Haifa, Israel, 3 UQAM, DeÂpartement des sciences de l'activite physique, MontreÂal, Canada, 4 Universite Laval, Faculte de pharmacie, QueÂbec City, Canada, 5 E cole des hautes eÂtudes commerciales, DeÂpartement a1111111111 de sciences de la gestion, MontreÂal, Canada, 6 Universite du QueÂbec à MontreÂal (UQAM), Bibliothèque des a1111111111 Sciences, MontreÂal, Canada a1111111111 a1111111111 * [email protected] a1111111111 Abstract OPEN ACCESS Citation: Buffa G, Dahan S, Sinclair I, St-Pierre M, Introduction Roofigari N, Mutran D, et al. (2018) Prenatal stress Past research has shown relationships between stress during pregnancy, and related psy- and child development: A scoping review of research in low- and middle-income countries. chosocial health measures such as anxiety and depressive symptoms, with infant, child, PLoS ONE 13(12): e0207235. https://doi.org/ and adult outcomes. However, most research is from high-income countries. We conducted 10.1371/journal.pone.0207235 a scoping review to identify research studies on prenatal stress and outcomes of the preg- Editor: Thomas M. Olino, Temple University, nancy or offspring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and to synthesize the UNITED STATES stress measures and outcomes assessed, the findings observed, and directions for future Received: June 7, 2018 research. Accepted: October 27, 2018 Published: December 28, 2018 Methods Copyright: © 2018 Buffa et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Prenatal Stress and Poverty on Fetal Growth
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 12-2014 Effects of Prenatal Stress and Poverty on Fetal Growth Teresa Anne Lefmann University of Tennessee - Knoxville, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Social Work Commons Recommended Citation Lefmann, Teresa Anne, "Effects of Prenatal Stress and Poverty on Fetal Growth. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2014. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/3148 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Teresa Anne Lefmann entitled "Effects of Prenatal Stress and Poverty on Fetal Growth." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Social Work. Terri Combs-Orme, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: John Orme, Rebecca Bolen, Matthew Cooper Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) Effects of Prenatal Stress and Poverty on Fetal Growth A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Teresa Anne Lefmann December 2014 Dedication This work is dedicated to all the women in Tennessee who have suffered stress disproportionately due to their standing in society and to their babies who deserve the love and nurture required to develop to their full potential.
    [Show full text]
  • Pattern of Perceived Stress and Anxiety in Pregnancy Predicts Preterm Birth
    Health Psychology Copyright 2008 by the American Psychological Association 2008, Vol. 27, No. 1, 43–51 0278-6133/08/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/0278-6133.27.1.43 Pattern of Perceived Stress and Anxiety in Pregnancy Predicts Preterm Birth Laura M. Glynn Christine Dunkel Schetter University of California, Irvine University of California, Los Angeles Calvin J. Hobel Curt A. Sandman Cedars-Sinai Hospital, Los Angeles University of California, Irvine Objective: To determine whether the pattern of prenatal stress, as compared to prenatal stress assessed at a single gestational time point, predicts preterm delivery (PTD). Design: Perceived stress and anxiety were assessed in 415 pregnant women at 18–20 and 30–32 weeks’ gestation. Main Outcome Measures: Gestational length was determined by last menstrual period and confirmed by early pregnancy ultra- sound. Births were categorized as preterm (Ͻ 37 weeks) or term. Results: At neither assessment did levels of anxiety or perceived stress predict PTD. However, patterns of anxiety and stress were associated with gestational length. Although the majority of women who delivered at term exhibited declines in stress and anxiety, those who delivered preterm exhibited increases. The elevated risk for PTD associated with an increase in stress or anxiety persisted when adjusting statistically for obstetric risk, pregnancy- related anxiety, ethnicity, parity, and prenatal life events. Conclusions: These data suggest that the pattern of prenatal stress is an important predictor of PTD. More generally, the findings support the possibility that a decline in stress responses during pregnancy may help to protect mother and fetus from adverse influences associated with PTD.
    [Show full text]
  • Prenatal Stress and Mixed-Handedness
    0031-3998/07/6205-0586 PEDIATRIC RESEARCH Vol. 62, No. 5, 2007 Copyright © 2007 International Pediatric Research Foundation, Inc. Printed in U.S.A. Prenatal Stress and Mixed-Handedness BARBARA M. GUTTELING, CAROLINA DE WEERTH, AND JAN K. BUITELAAR Department of Psychiatry [B.M.G., J.K.B.], Radboud University Medical Center St. Radboud, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Developmental Psychology [C.W.], Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ABSTRACT: Atypical lateralization, as indicated by mixed- enced more distress and stressful life events during the third handedness, has been related to diverse psychopathologies. Maternal trimester of pregnancy had a three- to fourfold higher preva- prenatal stress has recently been associated with mixed-handedness lence of mixed-handedness. Glover et al. (12) reported a in the offspring. In the present study, this relationship was investi- significant association between prenatal anxiety measured at gated further in a prospective, methodologically comprehensive man- 18 wk of pregnancy and mixed-handedness of the 42-mo-old ner. Stress levels were determined three times during pregnancy by offspring. Furthermore, the authors found a positive relation- means of questionnaires and measurements of cortisol levels. The handedness of 110 6-y-old children (48 boys) was determined by ship between maternal mixed-handedness and offspring independent observers. Mixed handedness was defined as using the mixed-handedness. opposite hand for one or more of the tested activities. Logistic The two studies measured handedness through parental regression analysis showed that more maternal daily hassles in late reports, and although both found maternal prenatal stress to be pregnancy and maternal mixed-handedness increased the chance of associated with mixed-handedness, their results differed with mixed-handedness in the offspring.
    [Show full text]
  • Integration of Biological Cortisol Concentrations and Stress Questionnaires As Markers of Maternal Stress Doi:10.1016/J.Ntt.2014.04.012
    Platform presentations 79 data. Our aims were to integrate high dimensional placental multi'- placenta at delivery. A process for collecting, storing, shipping, and omics data sets with measured environmental contaminants and analyzing placentae from 11 US counties in CA, MN, NC, NY, PA, pregnancy outcome data. Study Design: As part of the NCS Main Study, SD, UT, and WI was developed, standardized, validated, and im- 210 placentas from 10 regional centers were uniformly collected and plemented for assessment of morphology/pathology, genetics, sys- stored with a priori protocols designed to preserve biologic material tems biology, and environmental exposures in the same placentae. for future 'omics research. Subsequent DNA/RNA/miRNA/methylated All tissues were sent to a central placental processing center (UR). DNA analysis, analytic chemistry for environmental exposures, and 3-D Methods: Placentae (N = 253) were studied. Following delivery, placental imaging and mapping were conducted by established experts placental tissue was frozen and stored at -80 °C. Mass Spectrometry from over 20 collaborating centers. High dimensional data sets were (MS) was used for all environmental assessments: 45 metals (ICP- reduced and integrative analysis to determine the interrelationships MS); Bisphenol A (BPA) (LC-MS(quadrapole)); and 10 Polybro- among biologic measures was undertaken. RNA levels for all annotated minated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)/ 32 polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)/ transcripts (UCSC & Ensembl) were normalized to construct a weighted dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) (GC–MS/MS). Results: Asub- coexpression gene network. Leveraged variant information derived study of 43 placentae refrigerated over 96 hrs demonstrated that all from placental RNA sequencing enabled construction of a weighted environmental analyses were stable over at least 72 h following delivery.
    [Show full text]
  • Prevalence and Patterns of Sensory Processing Behaviors in a Large Clinical Sample of Children with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure T
    Research in Developmental Disabilities 100 (2020) 103617 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Research in Developmental Disabilities journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/redevdis Prevalence and patterns of sensory processing behaviors in a large clinical sample of children with prenatal alcohol exposure T Tracy L. Jirikowica,*, John C. Thorneb, Susan A. McLaughlinc,Tiffany Waddingtonc, Adrian K.C. Leed, Susan J. Astley Hemingwaye a University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Division of Occupational Therapy, United States b Department of Speech & Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, United States c Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, United States d Department of Speech & Hearing Sciences and Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, United States e Department of Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, United States ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Background: Atypical behavioral responses to sensation are reported in a large proportion of Sensory processing children affected by prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). Systematic examination of symptoms Sensory integration across the fetal alcohol spectrum in a large clinical sample is needed to inform diagnosis and Fetal alcohol syndrome intervention. Prenatal alcohol exposure Aims: To describe the prevalence and patterns of atypical sensory processing symptoms in a Child development clinical sample of children with PAE. Methods: Retrospective analysis of diagnostic clinical data from the University of Washington Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Diagnostic and Prevention Network (FASDPN). Participants were ages 3 through 11 years, had a diagnosis on the fetal alcohol spectrum, and Short Sensory Profile (SSP) assessment. The proportions of children categorized with definite differences on the SSP across selected clinical and demographic features were examined with chi-square analyses.
    [Show full text]
  • Prenatal Maternal Stress and the Cascade of Risk to Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders in Offspring
    Current Psychiatry Reports (2019) 21:99 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-019-1085-1 REPRODUCTIVE PSYCHIATRY AND WOMEN'S HEALTH (CN EPPERSON AND L HANTSOO, SECTION EDITORS) Prenatal Maternal Stress and the Cascade of Risk to Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders in Offspring Emily Lipner1 & Shannon K. Murphy1 & Lauren M. Ellman1 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract Purpose of Review Disruptions in fetal development (via genetic and environmental pathways) have been consistently associated with risk for schizophrenia in a variety of studies. Although multiple obstetric complications (OCs) have been linked to schizophrenia, this review will discuss emerging evidence supporting the role of prenatal maternal stress (PNMS) in the etiology of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). In addition, findings linking PNMS to intermediate phenotypes of the disorder, such as OCs and premorbid cognitive, behavioral, and motor deficits, will be reviewed. Maternal immune and endocrine dysregulation will also be explored as potential mechanisms by which PNMS confers risk for SSD. Recent Findings PNMS has been linked to offspring SSD; however, findings are mixed due to inconsistent and retrospective assessments of PNMS and lack of specificity about SSD outcomes. PNMS is also associated with various intermediate pheno- types of SSD (e.g., prenatal infection/inflammation, decreased fetal growth, hypoxia-related OCs). Recent studies continue to elucidate the impact of PNMS while considering the moderating roles of fetal sex and stress timing, but it is still unclear which aspects of PNMS (e.g., type, timing) confer risk for SSD specifically. Summary PNMS increases risk for SSD, but only in a small portion of fetuses exposed to PNMS.
    [Show full text]
  • Gestational Factors Throughout Fetal Neurodevelopment: the Serotonin Link
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Gestational Factors throughout Fetal Neurodevelopment: The Serotonin Link Sabrina I. Hanswijk 1 , Marcia Spoelder 1, Ling Shan 2 , Michel M. M. Verheij 1, 1 3 3 4, Otto G. Muilwijk , Weizhuo Li , Chunqing Liu , Sharon M. Kolk y and 1, , Judith R. Homberg * y 1 Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands; [email protected] (S.I.H.); [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (M.M.M.V.); [email protected] (O.G.M.) 2 Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; [email protected] 3 College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; [email protected] (W.L.); [email protected] (C.L.) 4 Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: + 31-24-3610906 These authors contributed equally to this work. y Received: 23 June 2020; Accepted: 11 August 2020; Published: 14 August 2020 Abstract: Serotonin (5-HT) is a critical player in brain development and neuropsychiatric disorders. Fetal 5-HT levels can be influenced by several gestational factors, such as maternal genotype, diet, stress, medication, and immune activation. In this review, addressing both human and animal studies, we discuss how these gestational factors affect placental and fetal brain 5-HT levels, leading to changes in brain structure and function and behavior.
    [Show full text]
  • Prenatal Stress Enhances Postnatal Plasticity: the Role of Microbiota
    UC Davis UC Davis Previously Published Works Title Prenatal stress enhances postnatal plasticity: The role of microbiota. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/73v9q9cc Journal Developmental psychobiology, 61(5) ISSN 0012-1630 Authors Hartman, Sarah Sayler, Kristina Belsky, Jay Publication Date 2019-07-01 DOI 10.1002/dev.21816 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Received: 1 July 2018 | Revised: 9 November 2018 | Accepted: 18 November 2018 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21816 SPECIAL ISSUE Prenatal stress enhances postnatal plasticity: The role of microbiota Sarah Hartman | Kristina Sayler | Jay Belsky Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of California, Abstract Davis, California Separate fields of inquiry indicate (a) that prenatal stress is associated with height‐ Correspondence ened behavioral and physiological reactivity and (b) that these postnatal phenotypes Sarah Hartman, Department of Human are themselves associated with increased susceptibility to both positive and negative Development and Family Studies, University of California, Davis, CA. environmental influences. Collectively, this work supports Pluess and Belsky's Email: [email protected] (Psychopathology, 2011, 23, 29) claim that prenatal stress fosters, promotes or “pro‐ grams” postnatal developmental plasticity. Herein, we review animal and human evi‐ dence consistent with this hypothesis before advancing the novel idea that infant intestinal microbiota may be one candidate mechanism for instantiating developmen‐ tal plasticity as a result of prenatal stress. We then review research indicating that prenatal stress predicts differences in infant intestinal microbiota; that infant intesti‐ nal microbiota is associated with behavioral and physiological reactivity phenotypes; and, thus, that prenatal stress may influence infant intestinal microbiota in a way that results in heightened physiological and behavioral reactivity and, thereby, postnatal developmental plasticity.
    [Show full text]
  • Developmental Origins of the Human Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis
    UC Irvine UC Irvine Previously Published Works Title Developmental origins of the human hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/66b0h2wm Journal Expert review of endocrinology & metabolism, 12(5) ISSN 1744-6651 Authors Howland, Mariann A Sandman, Curt A Glynn, Laura M Publication Date 2017-09-01 DOI 10.1080/17446651.2017.1356222 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 4.0 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California HHS Public Access Author manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author Expert Rev Manuscript Author Endocrinol Metab Manuscript Author . Author manuscript; available in PMC 2019 January 16. Published in final edited form as: Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab. 2017 September ; 12(5): 321–339. doi:10.1080/17446651.2017.1356222. Developmental origins of the human hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal axis Mariann A. Howland1, Curt A. Sandman1, and Laura M. Glynn1,2 1Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 2Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA Abstract Introduction: The developmental origins of disease or fetal programming model predicts that intrauterine exposures have life-long consequences for physical and psychological health. Prenatal programming of the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is proposed as a primary mechanism by which early experiences are linked to later disease risk. Areas covered: This review describes the development of the fetal HPA axis, which is determined by an intricately timed cascade of endocrine events during gestation and is regulated by an integrated maternal-placental-fetal steroidogenic unit. Mechanisms by which stress-induced elevations in hormones of maternal, fetal, or placental origin influence the structure and function of the emerging fetal HPA axis are discussed.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of Prenatal Stress on Child Behavioural and Cognitive
    STRESS AND PREGNANCY (PRENATAL AND PERINATAL) The Effects of Prenatal Stress on Child Behavioural and Cognitive Outcomes Start at the Beginning Vivette Glover, MA, PhD, DSc Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom April 2019, Rev. ed. Introduction The importance of development during the fetal period is well established with regards to the association between the baby’s growth in the womb, and later vulnerability to physical disorders such as cardiovascular 1 disease and other aspects of metabolic syndrome. It is now clear that environmental effects on fetal development are important with respect to emotional, behavioural and cognitive outcomes too. Animal studies have shown that stress during pregnancy can have long lasting effects on the neurodevelopment of the 2 offspring. Subject and Research Context Many groups around the world are studying how the emotional state of the mother during pregnancy can have 3-4 long-lasting effects on the psychological development of her child. Some are using large population cohorts, which have the advantage of being able to statistically allow for many confounding factors including postnatal 5 6 maternal mood. Others are smaller observational studies which can examine the child in more detail. Stress is a generic term which includes anxiety and depression, but also includes distress due to poor relationships or the response to an acute disaster. All these have been shown to be associated with altered outcome for the child. Key Research Questions What type and degree of prenatal stress have an effect on the fetus and the child? What are the gestational ages of vulnerability for different outcomes? What are the range of effects on the child and how long do they ©2019 CEECD / SKC-ECD | STRESS AND PREGNANCY (PRENATAL AND PERINATAL) 1 last? How does prenatal stress interact with genetic vulnerabilities? How are the effects of prenatal stress moderated by the nature of the postnatal care.
    [Show full text]