. SEPTEMBER 8, 1972 25 CENTS VOLUME 36/NUMBER 32

A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY/PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE rison massacre s ar

AUG. 30 - Nineteen escaped po­ litical prisoners surrendered on Aug. 15, to troops of the Lanusse military dictatorship at the Trelew airport in Patagonia (southern Argentina). On Aug. 22, a quick burst of gunfire in the Trelew naval-air base ended the lives of 16 of the young Argentine revolutionists. Thirteen died immediately; the re­ gime announced that three more died of wounds within two days. The three remaining prisoners still alive on Aug. 24 were reported to be in serious condition. This cold-blooded mass execu­ tion has produced a wave of pro­ test against the Lanusse regime throughout Argentina.

Defense efforts are being mount­ ed to free Peruvian revolution­ ary leader Hugo Blanco from an Argentine prison where his situa­ tion is worsening. For story see World Outlook, page 4.

Universities across Argentina, the major labor federation - the General Confederation of Labor ( CGT - Confederacion General del Trabajo ), and the country's massive Peronist movement (fol­ lowers of exiled former president Juan Peron) have been involved in the protests. The 19 prisoners had received widespread publicity when they Quenos Aires riot police used armored car to break down door of Peronist 'Justicialista'. unsuccessfully participated in an Party headquarters. Police forcibly carried away caskets of three dead political prisoners. Aug. 15 break-out of 25 jailed members of guerrilla organiza­ tions from the Rawson federal pen­ only 25 of the prisoners joined ernment arranged to have the According to the Argentine press, itentiary. in the attempt. guerrillas flown to Cuba. See the 19 guerrillas who were later Supporters of three guerrilla or­ For several hours, the 25 were story on page 5 for an account of recaptured had been delayed on ganizations were involved in the · in complete control of the prisop.. the debate that took place in Chile their way to the airport because . attempt: the ERP ( Ejercito Revo­ One guard was killed in a ~n on whether to grant the escaped only one car was waiting for the lucionario del Pueblo - People's fight at the beginning of the break-, prisoners asylum.) escapees outside the prison. When . Revolutionary Army); the Mon-· out. But none of the other guards, Among the six was Mario Ro­ the 19 finally found transporta­ toneros (a Peronist commando or prison staff, were. harmed while berto Santucho, a well-known tion, they missed the departing group); and the F AP ( Fuerzas held captive. leader of the ERP, who was the plane, evidently by a matter of Armadas Peronistas - Peronist Six of the escaped guerrillas hi­ apparent leader of the break. The minutes. Armed Fwces ). jacked an airliner and succeeded ERP is led by the Partido Revolu­ The remaining guerrillas took ThE! guerrillas' aim was to free in getting to Chile, where they cionario de los Trabajadores refuge in the airport's restaurant, all 120 political prisoners in the sought asylum from the Allende (PRT - Revolutionary Workers where they were :]_Uickly surround­ Rawson penitentiary. Apparently government. (The Chilean gov- Party). Continued on page 5

La Raza and the elections/12-14 64% in US. for abortion rights11a

:' ;.' THIS WEEK'S MILITANT THE FIRST AMENDMENT, THE SUPREME COURT, CHINESE YOUTH PROTEST HARASSMENT BY L.A. 3 U.S. bombs Vietnam at AND THE U.S. ARMY: On June 12, the Supreme Court COPS: Representatives of the Chinatown Teen Post in Los - highest level of war ru1ed 6 to 3 that the arrest of Tom Flower for leaflet­ Ang-eles charged at an Aug. 16 news conference that beefed­ 33,000 new readers by ting on a public street in Fort Sam Houston was uncon­ up ,police squads have been arbitrarily stopping and ha­ stitutional. (Flower is a member of the American Friends· rassing young Chinese on the streets of Chinatown since Nov. 22 . Service Committee, a pacifist organization.) 4 Background to Argentine mid-July. Aware of the precedent set by the Flower case, three The pretext for the harassment has been the cops' stated crisis members of the Central Committee for Conscientious Ob­ aim of breaking up the Wah Ching club. A Wah Ching 5 Argentine protests pro­ jectors entered the Presidig Army base in San Francisco, member was accused in a shooting incident earlier in the voked by prisoner mas­ July 25. Remainingvoh Li.ncoln Boulevard, a public summer.. street, the three passed out a pamphlet called Getting ' In their alleged drive against the Wah Ching, however, sacre Out. According to the July 28-Aug. 3 Berkeley Barb, 8 lnternat'l struggle: theme according to Teen Post personnel, the cops have been the pamphlet is "A compilation of 'information about stopping, searching, threatening, and insulting anyone discharges published by the army, but not generally avail­ of socialist conference who is young and Chinese. 9 Rally demands ballot able to servicemen,' as one of the pamphleteers" put it. The Barb described how the base provost marshall, rights in Ohio · U.S. STILL SEEKING TO EXTRADITE PUERTO RI­ Lieutenant Colonel Van Holladay, approached the three, CAN ACTIVIST: Humberto Pagan Hernandez, who fled . '1 0 Abz!Jg, Rangel join Ohio "typewritten cue card in hand, with MPs, public informa­ to" Canada ·to escape a frame-up prosecution for murder ballot protest tion and legal _staff officers in tow." Holladay told the~, after a cop died in clashes between police and pro-inde­ three they needed permission to distribute leaflets and 11 Who is better for rulers: pendence students in San Juan in March 1971, has won asked them to leave. One of the trio, Vince O'Connor, Nixon or McGovern? another round against the U. S. in Canada's courts. said he had the right to distribute the pamphlets under 12 Should Chicanos sup­ On Aug. 2, the Federal Court of Canada refused to the First Amendment The Barb quoted Holladay's an­ hear an appeal by the U.S. of the June ruling by a county port McGovern? swer: "We. do not interpret the Flower's case as giving court refusing to issue an extradition order for Pagan. Echeverria: friend or foe you that right." Now the 'is planning to take the case to the Su­ of La Raza? The Barb asked Holladay why the Flower precedent u.'s. preme Court of Canada at its next session in October. didn't apply. A C.aptain Demetz advised the colonel, "I 15 Atlanta Black workers .on The latest ruling, however, is based on an ·!'!arlier Supreme wouldn't answer that" The Barb asked Demetz why he strike Court decision· declaring that refusal to issue an extra­ wouldn't answer that "We have a job," the captain re-· Puerto Rican. march dition order is not a ruling subject to review ·or appeal. plied. "We're not granting interviews." Despite his victory against the U.S., Pagan still faces_ demands independence The job the Army o·fficers had to do was to thwart 16 Hiroshima-Nagasaki Day the Supreme Court decision upholding the First Amend- possibJe deportation to the U. S. by. Canada on the grounds that he entered Canada illegally. His attorney, . ment' right to leaflet on public streets, including those actions Clayton Ruby, has appealed to the immigration minister on military bases. That this was their purpose is IIlade 17 GOP convention­ to instead ~How Pagan to leave Canada voluntarily. Nixon's slick show clear by what happened when the case came to court Aug. 17. The Aug. 18-24 Berkeley Barb reported that 1,200 arrested in Miami the Army moved to dismiss the charges it had brought, Beach protests at the same time serving each of the three with "bar 18 Majority in U.S. favor orders," forbidding them to come onto the base "until abortion rights further notice." The Army is taking the position that the 19 Tombs Three acquitted Flower decision applies only to Fort Sam Houston. By refusing to go to tri~J.l in other similar cases, the Doctors let Blacks die of Army can preserve this fiction and continue expelling syphilis leafletters and dropping the charges afterward. TheBarb 21 Jane Fonda attacked reported that Robert Rivkin, the altorney for the three for telling truth Presidio pamphleteers, is considering seeking an injunc­ 24 Issue facing Congress of' tion to prevent the Army's continued defiance of the First Amendment. African People FARINAS AWAITS PAROLE BOARD DECISION: Juan Farinas, the 24-year-old supporter of the Workers League .2 In Brief convicted in a December 1970 frame-up trial of violat­ Above is an army recruitment 6 In Our Opinion ing the. Selective Service Act, becomes eligible for parole · been altered for the sake of accuracy by a Syra­ this month. According to an Aug. 7 news release from . cuse, N. V., group calling itself the Citizen's Com­ Letters the Juan Farinas Defense Committee, a hearing has al­ 7 The Great SoCiety ready . been held and a decision is· expected by mid­ mittee for Honesty in Billboards. Pr_eviously it read; -National PicketJ.ine Sep_tember .. · "The army will pay you $288 a month to learn a 18 By Any-Means Neces­ The committee urges that letters requesting favorable skill." sary action in Farinas's case be sent to U. S. Board of Parole, ,20 In Review 101 Indiana Ave. N. W., Washington, D. C., 20537, with copies to the co~mittee at 135 W. 14th St. Sixth Floor, VIETNAMESE MAGAZINE REPRINTS MILITANT New York, N.Y. 10011. CARTOONS: The January-February 1972 South Viet Nam, published by the Provisional Revolutionary Gov­ ernment's embassy in Cuba, contains among the illustra­ WORLD OUTLOOK GAYS AND McGOVERN: The "McGovern Six," six mem­ tions for its main article two cartoons reprinted from The bers of the Gay Activists Alliance (GAA) arrested for 1 New Zealanders protest Militant. One is by Ivan and shows Thieu as Nixon's pup­ "criminal trespass" at a demonstration in McGovern's . war pet. The other is by the late Laura Gray and shows a U. S. New York campaign headquarters Aug. 21, are sched­ worker sweeping away the Democratic and Republican 2 Pelikan appeal to Angela uled to ..go to trial Sept. 18. The six were among 30 GAA parties. Davis members who occupied the McGovern offices at 605 Fifth The article the cartoons illustrate, "Vietnamization Is 3 Origins of permanent Ave., demanding that the Democratic candidate make a Doomed to Failure," observes: public statement of his position on gay rights. inflation "The studenl$ have become one of the mightiest forces Prior to McGovern's nomination at the Democratic 4 Campaign for release of in the USA against the war of aggression, rallied in their national convention in Miami Beach, the South Dakota Hugo Blanco nationwide organizations. . . . The broad movement of senator selectively issued statements of support for gay the American people against the Viet Nam war had a rights. One that bears the McGovern letterhead and the very strong impact on the American soldiers. . . . In 1970, address of the office occupied Aug. 21 was distributed following the US armed incursion into Cambodia, the THE MILITANT in Greenwich Village before the Miami convention. Its anti-war high tides in May, June and July for the first VOLUME 36/NUMBER 32 headline reads: '"McGovern Supports Civil Rights and tim~ caused open schisms in the Nixon administration, . SEPTEMBER 8, 1972 Civil Liberties for Homosexuals." The leaflet contains and forced it to withdraw all its troops from Cam­ CLOSING NEWS DATE-AUG. 30, 1972 a seven-point proposal for combating discrimination bodia.... " against gays. Editor: MARY-ALICE WATERS A leaflet similar to the one passed out in Greenwich. AMERICAN PARTY TICKET: The American• Party, ' Managing Editor: DOUG JENNESS Village was distributed at the Miami convention, Lowell Business Manager: SHARON CABANISS which ran- George Wallace for president in 1968, picked Southwest Bureau: HARRY RING Williams told Militant staff writer Caroline Lund when its slate for this year at a convention attended by some she interviewed the 20-year-old gay McGovern delegate 2,000 persons in Louisville, Ky., Aug. 4-5. The party's 'Publis~ed weekly by The Militant Publishing Ass'n., at the convention. Williams said he and others "got some presidential candidate is John Schmitz, an 'ultrarightist . 14 Charles lane, New York, N.Y. 10014. Phone: Edi­ very hostile reactions from McGovern leaders here on lame-duck congressman from Orange County in California. torial Office (212) 243-6392; Busin.ess Office (212) the convention floor who were certain (the leaflet) was 929-3486. His running mate is a Nashville, Tenn., editor, Tom Southwest Bureau: 1107 1/2 N. Western Ave., los a· fraud. That's how secret McGovern's position was." Anderson. Angeles, Calif. 90029. Phone: (213) 463-1917. Now that he's the Democratic Party's candidate, Mc­ Elected as a Republican in a special election in 1970, Second-class postage paid at New York, N.Y. Sub­ Govern's position is more of a secret than before. Schmitz was defeated in his bid to return to congress scription: Domestic, $5 a year; foreign, $8. By first­ The McGovern campaign's answer to GAA's demand this June. He has now reregistered as a member of the class mail: domestic and Canada, $25; all other coun­ tries, $41. Air printed matter: domestic and Canada, for a clear public statement was to call the cops. American Party. - LEE SMITH $32; latin America and Europe, $40; Africa, Australia, Asia (including USSR), $50. Write for sealed air postage rates. Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily represent lhe Militant's views. These are expressed in editorials.

2 U.S. blasts Vietnam at highest level, of war By DICK ROBERTS successive bombing · records an­ AUG. 29 -Washington now has the nounced in August. On Aug. 12, the power to drop the equivalent of more Air Force stated that B-52 bombers than eight Hiroshima atom bombs had carried out "probably their per day on Vietnam. This fact can heaviest raids ever" over North Viet­ be deduced from statistics published nam. by the Cornell University Air War On Aug. 18, Joseph Treaster wrote Study Group and daily news accounts. from Saigon that "American fighter­ According to the Cornell study bomber pilots reportedly flew more group, reported on in the Aug. 13 than 370 strikes against North Viet­ New York Times Book Review, nam on Wednesday [Aug. 16] in what four typical six-plane B-52 missions­ appe1,1rs to have been the heaviest day about 24 planes in total-can demol­ of ra1ds of the year." And on Aug. 28, ish an area equal to that destroyed Associated Press wired from Sa:igon by the Hiroshima atom bomb. With that U.S. Navy jets had bombed Hai­ 200 B-52s operating in Indochina, phong Aug. 26 "in some pf the heaviest Washington can consequently release raids of the war." the explosive force of more than eight Following the record Aug. 16 bomh­ Hiroshima bombs daily. ing, Hanoi radio stated that the raids This does not include the additional killed or wounded many civilians and destructive force of the other' combat demolished a medical school, a ju­ U.S. bombers a:r:td offshore naval ar­ nior high school, and a drug factory. tillery of the U.S. forces in Southeast Anthony Lewis, the Times cor­ Asia. respondent who reported from Hanoi A New York Times Aug. 13 sum­ on the U.S. bombing of dikes, de­ mary of. the total U.S. war strength clared on Aug. 19, "Half the planes placed it at 43,500 men in South Viet­ in the Strategic Air Command -200 nam, including the pilots and crews B-52' s-are now being ·used against of about 600 helicopters and 200 Vietnam, North and South. Those are other combat planes; 60 warships and our strategic planes, designed for use Red River dike destroyed by U.S. bombs June 20 39,000 sailors and pilots offshore; against aggressive targets in an ul­ and 50,000 troops in 'fhaUand. "All timate conflict with another great pow­ together, on three aircraft carriers and er. And the United' States is using obviously caught U.S. and Saigon the tortures of three South Vietnamese more than half a doz.en bases in Thai­ them against a peasant country.... officials completely by surprise, the student leaders still imprisoned: land," wrote Times correspondent Jo­ "Th_e United States has now dropped . revolutionaries stampeded Saigon's • "Nguyen Thi Yen was beaten un­ seph Treaster, ~there are more than on Indochina three times the tonnage Second Division out of Queson, astra­ conscious with a wooden rod. Later, 900 combat planes. Additional B-52's of bombs that it used in all theaters tegic valley in central South Vietnam. when she revived, she was forced to are based on Guam and other sup­ of World War II. Those bombs have Christian Science Monitor reporter stand naked before about 10 torturers, port troops are on Okinawa and else­ hit, among other things; dikes and Daniel Southerland called it the "worst who burned her breasts with lighted where in the Pacific." hospitals and schools and peasant 'vil­ setback in more than three months." cigarettes." U.S. officials admitted in Saigon lages. Washington knows about the Southerland wrote Aug. 22; "it now • "Trinh Dinh Ban was beaten so Aug. 26 that the rate of civilian ca­ destruction: jt has the pictures." has come to light that 2nd Division badly in the face that the swelling sualties has more than doubled since Saigon setback troops lost most if not all of their shut and infected his eyes. The police March-.31, when the revolutionary of­ artillery pieces in the attack .... some dr()ve needles through his fingertips fensive opened and President Nixon After five months of intensive com­ of the government units engaged in and battered him on the chest and responded with the drastic bombing bat in South Vietnam, it is clear that the .. battle took heavy casualties. An soles of his feet until he was unable escalation. the mas.Bive U.S. bombing can help .undetermined number of armored ve­ to move." Undoubtedly conservative estimates­ the Saigon army to stave off immi­ hicles were also lost." • "Vo Thi Bach Tuyet was beaten put the number of wounded civilians nent defeat. But the U. S. bombers Gruesome reports of massive arrests and hung by her feet under a blazing a:t 24,788 from the start of Nixon's cannot rout the revolutionary advance and tortures in Thieu' s military pris­ light. Later, they put her in a tiny esealation to the end of July. These as Washington once confidently pre­ ons testify all the more to the weakness room half flooded with water and let figures were based only on those ci­ dicted. of the Saigon dictatorship. "It is im­ mice and insects run over her body." vilian wounded who were able to Wave after wave of the. supposedly possible to tell ... how many thou­ Times reporter Schanberg also re­ make it to hospitals. They did not crack Saigon marine and airborne sands have been arrested since the vealed that "According to authorita­ include any casualties for two of the divisions have been chewed up in the North · Vietnamese offensive began," tive sources . . . Air. America, the air­ most intensive battle zones, Quangtri still unsuccessful attempt to retake Times. correspondent Sydney Schan­ line operated in Indochina for the Cen­ and Anloc. Quangtri, the northernmost provincial berg reported from Saigon Aug. 12. tral Intelligence Agency, has been That. Washington is regularly using capital, which fell to the revolutionary The figure appears to be between 10,- used to transport arrested people to its immense fire power mustered in advance May 1. 000 and 15,000. Schanberg recorded Con Son [the main Saigon political Southeast Asia was indicated by three Then on Aug. 21, in a move that accounts from released prisoners of prison, located on an island]." · Militant launches subscrigtion drive 33,000 new readers by November 22 By NANCY COLE developing movements for social national Young Socialists for J enne~s should send the coupon on. this page This fall The Militant is launching change, especially international devel­ and Pulley (YSJP) teams will travel to The Militant business office. Sub­ a subscription drive for 33,000 new opments, than ever in the past: throughout the country for eight weeks scription kits consisting o£ tw-& differ­ readers. The drive is scheduled to be­ With the 1972 elections as a central selling subscriptions and campaigning ent Militant posters, brochures, stick­ gin officially on Sept. 15 and end focus of American politics this fall, for the socialist candidates~ The three ers, subscription blanks, and buttons on Nov. 22, right before the Twelfth The Militant will find a welcome re­ national teams will consist of one Chi­ will be sent to you. Young Socialist National Convention sponse among people disillusioned cano team touring the Southwest, one The Militant will be carrying regu­ in Cleveland. with McGovern and Nixon. It will be Afro-American team touring the South, lar reports on the drive's progress The 33,000 gpal, the largest in The the only newspaper that exposes, anal­ and a Midwest team to supplement and a running scoreboard. We en­ Militant's history, is 3,000 more than yzes, and confronts the twists and efforts there in building the Young courage sub getters to send in reports last fall's national quota. That goal turns of the capitalist candidates. At Socialist national convention. on the response The Militant is re- was surpassed when Militant support­ the same time it supports a positive This drive will also be a combined ceiving this fall. · ers in 81 areas aided by four full­ alternative, Socialist Workers Party effort with the International Socialist time subscription teams sold a total candidates Linda Jenness and Andrew Review, a monthly Marxist magazine. of 32,580 subscriptions: Pulley. 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THE MILITANT/SEPTEMBER 8, 1972 BaciQiround to Argentine social crisis . . The following article was written be- liamentary elections is a concession period in Argentine history. It ended During this period, ·the the current wave of protest but to the masses. It was won by mass a long retreat by the working class trade unions were established, •n••n,.,rttt••a a background to the current actions in the streets and paid for by and opened a new wave of struggle tured on the basis of factory IP4)11Jt!CIIll situation in Argentina. the blo9d of martyred revolutionists that still continues. mittees elected · by the and the imprisonment of thousa9ds of The workers are starting to shake workers. These committees still opponents of the dictatorship. This off illusions left over from the post- today and account for much of tlie Rising combativity of Argentina's electoral turn in Argentine politics re­ against the milifary dictator- fleets a change in the relationship of of General Al.ejandro Lanusse forces favorable to the working class created a critical situation for that and me~.ns more favorable conditions country's ruling class. for the class struggle. A. prolonged economic crisis has re- This development is a di,rect result suited. in a lowering of the workers' of the mass struggles that have shaken standard of living through rapid in- Argentina, beginning with the semi­ The military dictatorship has insurrection in Cordoba and Rosario unable to make any major eco- in May 1969. riomic concessions to dampen the in- , creasing militancy. Moreover, their at­ tempts at repression have weakened The Cordobazo the social base of the government­ Student protest over a government while failing to break the spirit or decision to raise food prices in the organization of the working class. University of Corrientes Cafeteria that · Therefore Lanusse has turned to an­ month led to a confrontation with the other approach: an electoral ma­ police. The police murdered a student, neuver. The Argentine militarists have Juan Jose Cabral. set parliamentary elections for 1973. In response' to this killing, the stu­ dent protest grew and spread. Further 'Great National Agreemenf. repression, including the murder of war . regime of Juan Per6n, during combatlvity and strength of the Argen­ As John Kenriedy promised a "New a 22-year-old student and a 15-year­ which the Argentine trade-union struc- tine union movement. Frontier," and Lyndon . Johnson, the old youth in Rosario, led to an out­ ture was consolidated. But Peron's attempt to keep capital- "Great Society," the Argentine military burst of popular indignation against ism in and imperialism out of Argen- dictator has come up with a catChy the government, bringing· the work­ Peronism tina was doomed from the start. The phrase for his maneuver: Gran Acuer­ ing class into action. The Peronist phenomenon was the laws of the capitalist world market do Nacional (GAN- Great National As in France in May 1968, the work­ result of an international conjuncture resulted in the penetration of Ameri~ Agreement). The concept behind the . ers of Argentina, sparked by student during and after the. Second World can imperialism regardless of Peron's GAN is to try to establish an agree­ protests, went into action on a mass War that placed Argentina in a very wishes. With the end of the war boom, ment ·among the major political forces scale. Unlike France, the worker dem­ favorable political and economic sit- Peron was forced to make increasing in Argentina (Radicals, Peronists, and onstrations were limited to two major uation. The high demand for meat concessions to imperialism while with­ military) that the elections will provincial cities, Cordoba and Rosa~ and the weakening of British impe- drawing concessions from the masses. about a new constitutional gov- rio, with only scattered support in rialism during the war created a pecu- The Peron regime failed to take ad­ Buenos Aires, the political, economic, liar position for semicolonial Argen- vantage of the weakness of British Through the GAN, Lanusse hopes and social center of Argentina. The tina. imperialism in Argentina. Because of give a legal cover to a continuation same was true in· other areas. How­ American imperialism's replacement his devotion to capitalist property re­ of the present totalitarian 'regime and ever, in those two cities the upsurge of Britain in the southern half of lations, Per6n provided the British the in this way win some social support went beyond the French general strike' Latin America was still at an early opportunity to withdraw from Argen­ stage in Argentina when the war ac- tina under very favorable terms. Much centuated the shift in relative strength of Argentina's gains from the _favor­ between the U. S. and Britain. There- able war market were wasted in buy­ fore, the grip of imperialism on Ar- ing back from England what Argen­ gentina was loosened temporarily. . tine l_abor had created (such as the Like the capitalist classes of all co- purchase of the railroads from Brit­ lonial or semicolonial nations, Argen- ain at ridiculously high prices). tina's is weak when compared to those By 1950· Peron had to borrow 125 in the imperialist countries. However, million pesos froin the Export-Import relative to other Latin American coun- Bank in Washington, D. C., to keep tries, Argentina has a capitalist class . his regime afloat. Referring' to the of some strength. Taking advantage United States as the "great country of the peculiar situation created by the of the North," Peron provided an effu­ war, the Argentine ruling class and its sive welcome for President Dwight · various. bureaucracies-governmental Eisenhower's brother Milton after the and military- tried to assert some in- 1952 elections in the United States. dependence from imperialism.· Finally, the remnant of Peron's pol- A movement developed among the icy of concessions to the working class Argentine capitalists seeking to im- and resistance to imperialist penetra­ prove their own position by maneu- tion was ended in 1955 by the same vering between the imperialist powers force that brought Peron to power: and t(!.king advantage of Britain's the army. The 1955 coup marked t):le weakened position and North Amer- victory of American imperialist dom­ ica's still embryonic hold on Argen- ination of Argentina. Per6n was exiled tina. This movement was led by Juan to Spain. Peron, who wielde"d dictatorial power Peron proved, once again, that the Juan Peron in Argentina for a decade ending in n~tional capitalists in Latin America 1955..._ are incapable of leading a consistent American imperialism opposed the struggle against imperialism and will for the government. The Argentine dic­ and became a semi-insurrection. Per6n regime, attempting to character- only, at best, maneuver within the con­ tatorship hopes to bring the Peronist The ·military coup led by General ize it as fascist. For a period of time, text of imperialist relations. trade-union bureaucracy into ~lose Juan Carlos Ongania in 1966 was important economic conflicts existed During the next 11 years, the work­ collaboration with the government a- setback fo~ the Argentine workers between the United States and Argen- ing class responded with intermittent while uniting the various capit~list in terms of pay, working conditions, parties, if possible, around a single and democratic rights. Because of de­ tina. struggies against Infringements upon candidate for president. moralization and disorientation of the The weakness of the Argentine cap- the gains made in the Peronista pe­ In launching the GAN, Lanusse in workers ·movement, anger over these italists and their general cowardice riod. The lowest point in terms of attempting to get . as much mileage setbacks was pent up for three years before the imperialist powers forced· erosion of the rights of the masses out of the electoral maneuver as pos­ until the explosion of May 1969. the _Peronists to seek support from was reached following the Ongan!a sible in terms of maximizing the cred­ the working class in its balancing act coup in 1966. . ibility of the government, gaining a In C6rdoba and Rosario barricades of maintaning capitalism without A marked drop in .the standard of broader ·base in the middle class, and went up, the police were beaten back, complete subjugation to imp~rialisin. living was imposed through a wage increasing unity in ruling-class circles. and the streets fell into the hands of To win support from the workers, freeze. Democratic rights were sus­ At the same time, the GAN is designed the workers. Only the int~rvention of the government offered concessions pended, as the military began its usual to minimize advantages for the work­ the army restored control to the On­ both of an economic and organiza- violations of bourgeois legality. ing class in terms of democratic rights gania regime. This uprising has come tional natur.e. The Peron dictatorship United States' investments continued and freedom to struggle. to be known in Argentina as the Cor­ permitted the growth of thetrade-union to grow, reaching into n~w areas of Regardless of the motives of the Ar­ dobazo., movement but also consolidated its the economy. gentine ruling class, the call for par- The . Cordobazo opened up a new own .bureaucracy in the unions. Continued on page 2J

4 .Wave of protests provoked by Allende Argentine prisoner massacre Continued from page l the Peronist headquarters in this cap­ today by a 14-hour general strike pro­ straddles ed· by military units. After holding a ital and seized the co'ffins containing testing the slaying of the 16 guerrillas 50-minute ·news conference in the air­ the bodies of three of the guerrilla and supporting a demand for .higher • • port, the guerrillas surrendered with­ suspects.... " The Peronists had wages. on g1v1ng out resistance. planned a publlc wake for the slain "Banks, businesses, and schools were "I am disappointed," the Aug. 22 guerrillas. closed and public transportation halt­ issue of the Buenos Aires weekly Pri­ Student demonstrations broke out ed. Union leaders who called the strike mera Plana quoted an Argentinian in Buenos Aires and in almost every were in hiding and sought by the po­ asylum marine officer as saying.. "We were major provincial city as soon as ne~s lice." going to liquidate them all. H they of the massacre became known. Stu­ Ten Argentine guerrillas who hijacked Simultaneously with the protests had dared fire one shot we w~uld not dents had violent clashes with police an airliner to Chile on Aug. 15 left against the Trelew massacre, Juan have left one of them alive.... " in Cordoba, La Plata, Corrientes, Santiago, Chile's capital, 10 days la­ Peron, who is exiled in Spain, refused One week later the military had its Santa Fe, Tucuman, San Luis, .and ter for Cuba. (The six who success­ to comply with Lanusse's demand that satisfaction. They claimed that the 19 Rosario. In Cordoba alone, 673 per­ fully escaped from Rawson federal he return to the country by Aug. 25 detainees made a second attempt to sons were arrested, according to the penitentiary were joined in the hijack­ in order to qualify to participate in escape, taking a guard and a marine· Buenos Aires daily La Prensa. ing by four others who boarded the the elections schedu!M for next March. captain as hostages. According to the An Aug. 24 dispatch to the New plane before it reached the Trelew air­ Peron is the traditional hero of the official story, the marine captain threw York Times observed, "The street riot­ 'port in southern Argentina.) labor movement. Without his parti­ himself upon the gr~und and ordered ing [in the provincial cities] followed According to a Reuters dispatch cipation, Lanusse's electoral maneu­ his men to mow down the prisoners. a pattern . . . that led to insurrection ver cannot achieve its objective of.de­ from Slintiago Aug. 25, President Sal­ in Cordoba in 1969. . . . " fusing the popular hatred of the mili­ vador Allende announced in a na­ Three defense attorneys f~>r the slain ."The Cordobazo, as the uprising be­ tary regime and shifting social con­ tionwide broadcast that his govern­ prisoners denounced the deaths as "a came known, eventually brought flicts back into the parliamentary ment "had granted them political al!y­ virtual execution" and charged that down the military government of arena. lum but had also taken steps to in­ it would have been impossible for the Lieut.· Gen; Juan Carlos Ongania. . . . " The Peronist Justicialist Party (Par­ sure they left · Chile as quickly as guerrillas to escape from the Trelew Faced with mountitlg protest ac­ tido Justicialista) has associated itself possible." base because they were held in•separ• strongly with the protests against the The arrival of the guerrillas in tions, ·the Lanusse regime clamped ate cells under heavy guard. killings at Trelew. A Justicialist lead­ Chile placed Allende in an embarrass­ down to try to prevent the protest Ana Maria Villareal de Santucho, er sent to that city to .assemble the ing position. On A~g. 16 Allende ad­ from escalating. On Aug; 22, the gov­ a member of the ERP and the wife facts on the massacre was. arrested dressed a news conference during ernment issued a decree imposing jail of Mario Roberto Santucho, was one and held by the military. which he gave a blow-by-blow account sentences of six mop.ths to three years of. the four women among the 16 mur­ On Aug. 29 Argentine security po­ of his government's response to the for "publishing, spreading, or propa­ dered prisoners. lice attempted to seize an issue of Pri­ presence of the guerrillas on Chilean gating communiques or materials Public reaction to the killings was mera Plana, a leading Peronist week­ soil. coming from, attributed to, or at­ immediate and angry. The bodies of ly. The paper had revealed that ex­ Describing the government's fll'st ne­ tributable to, illegal associations or the young revolutionists killed in Tre­ amination of two of the bodies of the gotiations with the group while they persons or groups notoriously dedi­ lew Aug. 22 became focuses of pub­ slain guerrillas showed that one had were still on the plane, Allende said; cated to subversive activities or ter­ lic protest when they were sent back been shot in the ba·ck, and another's "We told them that we could not give rorism." to cities all over Argentina. head had been smashed with heavy · them asyh,1m without k,nowing who "In the regional headquarters of the Despite the repression, the protests blows. This clearly contradicted the they were. We asked that they identify . CGT mourning candles were lit ... quickly assumed a very broad char­ regime's story of the deaths of the 16 themselves. They did not do so. So in a room where it was announced acter. The .national leadership of the guerrillas. we told them that under these circum­ the bodies of the guerrillas from this CGT telegrammed General Lanusse It also app.ears that reprisals have stances we could only tell them that city would lie in -~tate," UPI dis~­ demanding an accounting for the been threatened against the political this is a constitutional country and a patch from Cordoba reported in the deaths of the 16 young revolutionists. prisoners remaining in Rawson peni­ that they would have to submit to Aug. 24 issue of the Buenos Aires On Aug. 23, · a two-h9ur protest . tentiary. Chil~an laws." daily La Nacion,. strike was carried out in Cordoba "Now we are definitely going to take Even though the identities of the La Nacion reports that mourners by the regional CGT. On Aug. 24, the offensive," one of the officers in guerrillas were quickly obtained, they who tried to reach the Cordoba CGT police raided the Cordoba CGT head­ charge of prison security told a re­ were not granted immediate asylum. headquarters were "stopped by an iron quarters and closed the building. An porter from the weekly Argentine Allende reported that the guerrillas ring of police." army statement was issued contai.ning · maga:lline Gente. "H we don't allow'. decided they "would remain in Chile "Minutes before the-broadcast during orders for the arrest of all members of this [prisoners playing chess and re­ and obey Chilean law." which President Lanusse voiced_ as­ the district CGT governing board. ceiving newspapers], they call us He added that "Chilean law implies surances that there would be free elec­ The ·cordoba wo.rkers answered harsh and repressive. But they killed that the matter must be submitted to tions next March," a London Times with a general strike. An Aug. 25 Valenzuela [gtiard killed during. the . I the courts, since granting extradition reporter cabled from Buenos Aires, Associated · Press dispatch from Cor­ Aug. 15 Rawson break-out] and they is their responsibility." Aug. 24, "Argentine paramilitary po­ doba reported, "This indus.trial city of [the remai.ning prisoners] are plotting The MIR (Movimiento de lzquierda licemen had smashed their way into nearly a million people was crippled in the shadows." Revolucionario - Movement of the Revolutionary Left) denounced the Allende government's decision to turn the guerrillas over to the ultracon~ servative courts and demanded that they be granted political asylum or safe transit to another country. The MIR called a series of street demonl!trations, including one in downtown Santiago on Aug. 17, which police attempted to break up with tear gas. After one more week of juggling this political hot potato; the. Allende government announced that it was granting the guerrillas the status of political refugees and arranging for them to leave Chile as soon as pos­ sible. On Aug. 26, 1hey arrived in Havana on a Cubana de Aviacion flight. ' "In an airport news conference," re­ ported Reuters from Havana, "Mario Roberto . Santucho - considered one of the leader& of the guerrilla group­ accused President Alejandro A. La­ nusse of Argentina of having delib­ erately ordered the assassination of guerrillas who had helped organize his escape." The same day Argentina "indefinite­ ly" recalled its ambassador to Chile An Aug. 23 demonstration organized by U.S. CommiHee for Justice to Latin American Political Priso~ to protest the flight of the guerrillas ers began at Argentine Airlines office in New York where about 40 pickets protested murder of 16 to Cuba. political prisoners by Lanusse regime. The protest moved to Chilean UN Mission where pickets demand­ ed that Allende government grant asylum to 10 Argentine revolutionists then jailed in Chile and fac­ ing possible extradition back to torture and death in Argentina. Anot~er action was held at Chilean embassy in Washington, D. C.

THE MIUTANT/SE~EMB-=R 8, 1972 In· Our Opinion Letters Amnesty Six reasons As a draft resister on probation, I Although I am a registered Demo­ .Deeds, not words follow the amnesty issue quite sin­ crat, the following are reasons why A strong implicit criticism of Moscow and Peking's dealings with Wash­ cerely. It was becaus.e of the no­ I do not support George McGove&-n ington has apparently been published in Nhan Dan, the official Hanoi nonsense position on amnesty that for ·president: newspaper. The complete text of the editorial has not yet become avail­ I joined the Socialist Workers Party 1. His opposition to homosexual able, but concern for the editorial in influential U.S. newspapers tes- and became an elector for the SWP rights·. I am a "straighr person who . tifies to its significance. on the South Dakota ballot. supports homosexual equality. .. The article appeared to reject any suggestion that North Vietnam Donald Pay 2. His support of the racist and· Sioux Falls,· S.D.' colonialist country of Israel., I do -'Soften its negotiating position on the war," the New York Times de­ ·not support Israel or the Palestin­ ··. clared Jn a front-page story Aug. 18. The Times continued, Nhan Dan ians. uchastised those 'who are departing from the great, all-conquering More coverage of Africa .3. His refusal to support $6,500 revolutiol18:ry thoughts of the time and who are pitifully bogging down You have quite a constituency here guaranteed annual income for a on the dark, ·muddy road of compromise.'" among the "convicr population. Of family of four, which is still not According to the Times, the Hanoi editorial also stated, "to carry course there is a great deal of work enough. · to be done, and I believe that with out the Nixon doctrine, U. S. imperialists have applied the policy of 4: His refusal to support the Abor­ a greater influx of information, all reconciliation toward a number of big powers in the hope of having tion Rights Act, which would let vol­ of which your paper does a good untary abortions be performed in a free hand to consolidate their forces, oppose the world revolutionary job of supplying; the task can be every state and territory of the movement, suppress the revolution at home, bully the small countries, accomplished. However, there is a United States. . break the national liberation movement, while not relinquishing its great deal th_at can be improved 5. His fetter in the Wall St:reet plan to--prepare a _new world war.... the vitality of Marxism-Lenin­ about your, paper, like a more com­ Journal, which told the capitalists prehensive analysis of the struggles . ism and proletarian internationalism manifests itself first of all in rev­ that his tax reforms are not nearly that are going on in Africa. My olutionary deeds, not in empty words." as radical as the average person being a Black man, I think it only · As quoted, the meaning of the Nhan Dan editorial is unmistakable: thinks they are. Instead of clinking glasses with the Chief agent of U._ S. imperialism, , natural that I show concerl). about · 6. His refusal to support antiwar other Black people, no matter where the officials in Moscow should have called· off' the trip and used the demonstrations. they are. · The positive alternatives to George . occasion to condemn Nixon's .mining and bombing and to call for A prisoner McGovern and Rich.ard Nixon ar~ worldwide protests. · Indiana The extreme fear in Washington of any moves in this direction by ·Louis Fisher (Socialist Labor Party), Dr. Spock (People's Party), and Lin­ either Moscow or Peking was evjdenced by the front-page treatment_ $256 a month ·accorded to an obsolete Chinese minesweeper that showed up in Hai­ da Jenness (Socialist Workers Party). As a deputy voter registrar for Kle­ Theodore Johnson (a registered ph<;mg harbor-four months after Nixon's mining operation began. berg County, Texas, authorized to Democrat) This modest move on the part of the Peking bureaucracy is far from registe~ people wherever I find them, Davenport, Iowa meeting the pressing needs of the besieged Vietnamese revolution. I see a lot. · Militarily, the Vietnamese revolution needs adequate antiaircraft de­ For example, consider the case of 'Insurgent Maiority' fenses and bomber fleets to put a complete stop to the U.S. attack one World War II veteran I regis­ I am concerned ab9ut the absence and to force Washington to suspend once and for all its- aid to the tered. He has extensive brain dam­ of "Women: The Insurgent Majority" hated, Saigon clique. Politically, what is needed is a massive interna­ age, a silver plate in his skull, a from your pages recently. I am an tional antiwar movement firmly committed to rallying the entire world's shot-out eye, and is obviously 100 independent woman who reads The populace against Washington's genocidal warfare. Hundretls of millions percent disabled. He has not been Militant as an alternate news source, of people could be brought into such a campaign. able to find work in all the years and I like to see what is happen­ since his discharge, and the reason Moscow and Peking have no intention of helping to build this kind ing with my sisters nationwide. is simply his service-connected ~is- Would you please explain why four of massive international defense of Vietnam. They place their secret . abilities. or five of your recent issues hav~ deals with Nixon far above the needs of the national liberation struggle. When I last saw him he was liv­ not· had this feature? I find it hard This makes it all the more important that everyone seriously com­ ing in a clearly substandard, ram­ to believe that no one else is in­ mitted to aiding Vietnam at this time of terrible danger help to build shackle house. It is rickety, tumble­ terested in it. the fall antiwar actions. down, and all but ready to fall Cindy Hilton ' down. It is thinly constructed, with Atlanta, Ga. disabled plumbing, a leaky roof, P. S. I very mucH agree with the let­ and hot and cold running cock­ ter from E. M. S. from Rensselaer, roaches. He receives a pension of Ind., in the Aug. 4 Militant. I am $256 a month, and that is all. . a nonsmoker, and I do not appre­ When I registered him to vote, he ciate breathing oxygen-depleted air Still no answer had only one question: "This won't at political rallies and other meet­ The Militant reported in our last issue on the appeals that have been hurt my pension, will it?" ings due to the inconsideration of made to Angela Davis to aid the defense of political prisoners in CzeCh­ I submit that the Veterans Ad­ "nicotine addicts." oslovakia, and in the Ukraine and other parts of the Soviet Union. ministration needs a shake-up, and Davis, who is now in the Soviet Union on a visit, has still made no that if Congress can't do it, the In reply-"Women: The Insurgent tesponse to these appeals, some of them more than two months old. newspapers and American citizens Majority" didn't appear hi three of At least no response from her has been reported in the Dally World, can. Whether by investigation, leg­ the 12 issues we have published since voice of the U. S. Communist Party. islation, or civil-rights-oriented court the beginning of June. Cindy Ja­ quith, the staff member who ·writes For more than five weeks the Daily World carried no report whatso­ action, they need to be set right. G.J.G.. the column, had other assignments ever on the .. subversion" trials of 46 CzeCh citizens that began July 17. Kingsville, Texas those weeks (including major articles Finally, on Aug. 23, the World took note of these trials in an article on the abortion law repeal move­ headlined "Czechoslovakia CP hails anniversary of 1968 aid." It quotes ment and the elections) and simply Dow Chemical USA didn't have enough time to prepare the CzeCh CP newspaper·· Rude Pravo thanking the Soviet Union and This note is in appreciation for the Warsaw Pact countries for invading CzeChoslovakia in August 1968. a column. Aug. 4 Militants nice, factual write­ You may have had the imp res- · The World article· then reports that "A total of 46 persons have been . up about our strike against Dow sion that "Insurgent Majority" was · . convicted during the past several weeks for attempting to take up where Chemical USA. (Note the patriotic, missing more often b~ause it hasn't the c_ounter-revolutionwy movement around Alexander, Dubcek left off flag-waving name change by the always appeared on the same page. in 1969." It approvingly quotes Czech CP Secretary Gustav Husak as makers of napalm, ·defoliating agents, saying that "recent Charges of reversion to illegal trials" came especially and other goodies that kill indiscrim­ Correction from .. those who failed in their counter-revolutionary intentions" in inately.) We were forced to strike An error appeared in the article 196& . ' . against Dow to protect our rights "Militant index: a useful research and seniority and security, which we The open letter from Jiri Pelikan to Angela · Davis reprinted in the guide" in the Aug. 4 Militant. had gained over 30 years. The article stated that back vol­ World .Outlook section of this week's Militant clearly refutes the charge You would not believe th_e depths that the CzeCh defendants are .. counterrevolutionaries." Almost al! are umes of the International Socialist to which this conglomerate has. Review, a revolutionary-Marxist mag­ supporters of socialism and many are former high officials in the CzeCh sunk .to try to take away all dignity. azine, are mor~ useful than those of CP. The -Soviet invasion in 1968 was not to "aid" the Czech people from the blue-collar workers in its The· Militant because the ISR is in­ but to crush the aspirations of the CzeChs for greater democracy. employ. On the day we struck, the dexed back to 1940. In fact, the Angela Davis, where do you stand? Do you add your voice to white­ company that had our hospitaliza- ISR and its predecessors, TheN~ washing- the purge trials and political persecution being perpetrated , tion insurance told the eight unions International and The Fourth-Inter-· by the Soviet puppet regime in CzeChoslovakia? Do you close your they would continue our group in-· national, are indexed starting with eyes to the fate of these communists who are being imprisoned solely surance if it was OK with ·Dow. 1934. for their political views, as you yourself were? Dow said no, so no insurance. Dow A complete index covering The also canceled insurance on people New International, 1934-1940; The who we~:e already on sick leave. This Fourth International, 1940-1956; and is only one of the dirty tricks they the ISR, 1956-1960 can be obtained have pulled. J. W. W. (A Dow striker) Freeport, Texas

6 _,J.--· The Great Society for $2 from the ISR Business Office, Oh- "WASHINGTON (AP)- The JUICe .from the Pleasant Hill dairy." Angeles were advised by a city at- 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. Cost of .Living Council says there It was driven off the air by Action for torney to receive their daily bread 10014. The index for subsequent . appears to be some evidence of a soft- Children's Television, a Massachusetts as "political contributions" rather than years of the ISR appears in the last ening of food prices at the wholesale mothers group. We don't know if they "gifts." He said it helps minimize the issue of each year. level that may show up in the future. won on the basis of the religious hype problems of harried public servants David James In the meantime, however, retail prices or the quality of the poetry. both legally andimagewise.Meariwhile, New York, N. Y continue to go up." a poll of Phliadelphia Evening Dol- Modernizing Pakistan- Columnist letin readers showed 14 favoring a FBI frame-up Fool proof- "HONOLULU (AP) ~ Jack Anderson reportedthatPakistan's proposed wage hike for members of Dave Heckman and Jim Heiney's Military spokesmen said aerial plioto­ U.S. mission is seeking various so- the Pe;nnsylvania legislature and organization, Serve The People, graphs show Hurricane Celeste caused phisticated instruments of snooping 14,604 opposed. never got off the ground. It was only slight damage to top secret John­ and torture, including electric shock sabotaged from the start by under­ ston Island, _the Army's major Pacific devices for "interrogation." The shop­ Dluminating the issue- A public hear­ cover FBI and treasury agents, who· storehouse of mustard and nerve gas. ping list was apparently divulged by ing in Bangor, Maine, on a request framed Dave and Jim, along with Roofs of some buildings were blown Horst Kleinsorg, a D. C. gun dealer for a rate increase by the Bangor Bob Rundle and John Vito,. on off, but vehicles and heavy equipm~nt who lived under Hitler and witnessed Hydroelectric Company was delayed. charges of conspiring to blow up which were secured before the island some of the uses of such devices. Klein­ 20 minutes by a power failure. various installations of the Bethlehem was abandoned as the storm ap­ sorg felt the money would be better -HARRY RING Steel Corp. proached do not appear to have been spent on needy Pakistani children. "If The government is also trying to disturbed, spokesmen said." The stor­ you feed them now," he commented, frame Dave on charges of illegal age system, as any fool knows, is ''you won't have to interrogate them possession of a machine gun, along "accident proof." Which is why they · later." · with Young Lords Party leader Mike made the inspection from above. Rodriguez.and Miguel Rivera of American know-how- That German Philadelphia. Steven Welsh, a student The ultimate .catastrophe~ Federal stamp dealer who collaborated with at Allen High School, is still facing Communications Commissioner Rich­ Apollo 15 astronauts to peddle 100 charges in the Bethlehem case. ard Wiley warned that if broadcasters moon-borne souvenir envelopes for Dave, Jim, and Bob Rundle have are required to concede thne to con­ $1,500 apiece wa~n't all that good. been sentenced to six years in fed­ sumer groups for "countercommer­ Apollo 14 Commander Alan Shepard eral prison. They are political pris­ cials," regular advertisers might took 100 coins into orbit of which oners; they have been imprisoned for · choose to split the scene. This, he 50 were turned over to the Franklin their political beliefs and for their explained, would IIlean a loss of rev­ Company, a private Philidelphia mint. attempts to organize youth in the enues for many o.f our quality The 50 coins . were melted down and Lehigh Valley. They are the most programs. mixed with other metals to make recent victims of a massive govern­ 130,000 coins. These were offered for ment attempt to rip off the people Jesus squeeze- Until recently one TV $9 each as " made of silver that has· by denying them their constitutional commercial beamed at children includ­ been to the moon." rights of free speech, freedom of as­ ~_,, "J:W'M., sembly, and the right to form po­ ed: "God is great, God 1'5 good, let ..'=~ "Oh, that's Comrade Brezhnev's car. The litical parties. They have been ripped us thank-him for our food; and now Traversing credibility canyon- Public Nixon sticker was on it when he got it." off through lies, entrapment, and you may drink your Tropicanaorange job holders and aspirants in Los planted evidence in the same way that the government has framed countless others. Dave and Jim have not become disillusioned. They are appealing their conviction and look forward to returning to the community. Right National Picket Line now they need your support. UNION OFFICIALS AND 'LESSER~EVIL' POLITICS: PROFITS HIGH: One of the things that bothers union Pennsylvania Rainbow Peoples Union office-holders, like politicians, try to put up a gen- officials m()st is the economy. Prices are going ~p and Party . erally buoyant and optimistic front. But disarray in their so is ·unemployment. They hope McGovern can change Lehigh Valley Five Legal Defense ranks, especially their falling out over which of the cap­ that. Fund italist politicians to support in the elections this fall, has The employers are likewise aware of the flaws in this P. 0. Box 1202 caused some to betray. their real feelings. economic structure, but they don't worry so long as profits Bethlehem, Pa. For example, at the one-day Michigan political con­ keep rolling in. This year promises to be the most profit­ ference of the United Auto Workers ( UAW) in Detroit able,of all-some foresee $100-billion in profits for' the New American Movement on Aug. 6, UAW President Leonard Woodcock said he ruling class of this country in 1972, far exceeding all When the founders of the New thought George 'McGovern could win the election in No­ previous .. records. American Movement decided to re­ vember. But "it's important even if it's lost that it be lost group -the remains of the New Left; by the smallest possible margin." BUREAUCRATS ACCEPT PAY CUT FOR WORK:€RS: one of the main criticisms they Those are not very encouraging. words for a candidate Union officials know all about the big profits, but they made of the old Students for a who is not sure where his support will come from. Mc­ always take the narrow view of the particular employe!'-· Democratic Society ( SDS) was that Govern is hoping that the unions like the UAW that en-· they happen to be ·doing business with. Typical of their it was elitist. This antileadership dorse him will try to make him look like a fighter for myopia is the instance in Mentor, Ohio (a Cleveland thinking among NAM members ap- the rights of working men and women. suburb), of UAW Local 483. Local 483 has agreed to . parently ran deeper than some of Many of these McGovern backers have no heart f<>r the accept a 4.5 percent wage cut in order to keep the Nation­ its organizers thought. effort. Nelson Jack Edwards, the only Black man among al Screw & Manufacturing Company in business and About eight months ago, NAM the seven UAW vice-presidents (there's one woman, white), "save" 600 jobs. set up a national' office in Cleveland told the conference delegates that McGovern is bad but John Troeter, a UAW staff representative, says an audi­ from which its national staff was Nixon is worse. Edwards strives for precision. "As bad tor from Solidarity House, the union's· international};lead­ to operate. Shortly thereafter, the as Mr. McGovern may be, Mr. Nixon is 40 times worse," q uarters in Detroit, came to Cleveland, examined the com­ national office disappeared, and no­ he said. That is a precise statement of the les~er-evil theory pany books, and recommended to the local negotiating body was able to find· it. This sit­ in practice, at least. committee to accept the pay cut. uation has been rectified, at leasf Other union officials express their disappointment and This is not the first time the UAW has "saved" jobs .by temporarily. The headquarters has gloom differently. Patrick Gorman of the Amalgamated accepting pay cuts. Workers at the old Studebaker plant been shifted to Minneapolis. Meat Cutters is mad at AFL-CIO President George Meany in South Bend, Ind., were pressured by UAW officials to If NAM isn't quite sure what its for lending comfort to Nixon, the other enemy of labor. work for over a year at substandard wages in order to' program is, it at least knows where Gorman even questions Meany's patriotism. "Any man keep the plant open. It folded. its national office is. For the mo­ that tells us not to vote is not a good American," says National Screw, a subsidiary of Monogram Industries ment. Gorman. in Los Angeles, will continue long enough for the parent J.B. The president of the Communications Workers of Amer­ company to phase out operations. Most likely the Ohio Minneapolis, Minn. ica (CWA), Joseph Beirne, endorsed McGovern and at plant will fill only outstanding orders before closing. the same time signed off the AFL-'CIO Committee On A similar incident occurred in Cleveland last year when Political Education (COPE), saying that CWA would give a Borg-Warner plant there closed after a long strike and "not one penny" this year to COPE. Beirne seems to think after the workers had gone back on company terms. It The letters column is an open forum that if McGovern is defeated the whole Democratic Party was also a UAW plant. It laid off steadily following the for all viewpoints on subjects of gen­ show is lost, and he may be right., strike and closed in a few months. eral interest to our readers. Please But the. spirits of these downhearted union backers of Workers laid off near the end-those with 20 years keep your letters brief. Where neceS­ McGovern- and some say that officials claiming to repre­ or more seniority- who had paid for years into the Sup­ sary they will be abridged. Please in­ sent six million workers are behind him-will pick up. plementary Unemployment Benefit fund were cheated out dicate if your name may be used or as soon as they see the extent of his support among the of their SUB benefits because of "lack of funds," the' company,said. if you prefer that your initials be used employing class and it begins to look as if he has a All such attempts to "save" companies on the verge of instead. winning chance. They like to be with the winner even though they never collect any benefits. It makes them liquidating or abandoning plants and equipment invari­ feel good to think how much worse off they would be if ably result in savings for the employers at the expense the other evil had won. of the workers. -FRANK LOVELL

TH~ MILITANT/SEPTEMBER 8, 1972 7 Socialists Theme of socialist conference: plan fall activities internat'l revolutionary struggle Complementing the series of lectures By CINDY JAQUITH The strategy of relying on the activi­ dent movement-has been a major and classes on the international rev­ OBERLIN, Ohio, Aug. 21-"Capital­ ties of small urban or rural guerrilla feature of political struggles around olutionary movement, a full range of ism is an international system and groups separated from the masses, the world. A talk by Caroline Lund workshops and panels at the Oberlin the struggle against it is first and as opposed to the Leninist strategy outlined the "red university strategy" conference dealt with organizing the foremost an international struggle," of party building and mass action, embodied in a resolution adopted many activities socialists are carrying said Betsey Stone as she opened the Camejo said, has resulted in a num­ three years ago by the United Secre- out.. ber of setbacks for the socialist rev­ . tariat of the Fourth International. Supporters of the 1972 Socialist first session of the Aug. 13-20 Social­ Workers Party campaign met in sev­ olution in Latin America. (See A Strategy for Revolutionary ist Activists and Educational Confer­ eral workshops to map plans for lo­ ence held here at Oberlin College. Be­ Camejo concluded his talk with a Youth, Pathfinder Press, second edi­ cal SWP campaigns, winning ballot cause "it's our ruling class that plays · report on the growth and widening tion, 1972.) This strategy ir).cludes a status for the SWP, and running influence of the Argentine Socialist series of immediate, democratic, and the role of world policeman for cap­ Young ~ocialists for Jenness and Pul­ italism," Stone explained, it is espe­ Party (Partido Socialista Argentino­ transitional demands to "link the stu­ ley in student government elections. cially important for American revolu­ PSA ). The PSA organized a tour of dent struggles with the struggles of Building the antiwar and women's tionaries to develop a thorough under­ Argentina by SWP .presidential can­ workers and national minorities at liberation movements was another im­ standing of internationalism. This was didate Linda Jenness this spring that their present levels of development and portant area of work taken up at the theme of the week-long conference. met with an inspiring response. One orient them toward a combined drive Oberlin. Discussion centered on the Members of the Young Socialist Al- of the highlights of the Oberlin con­ for state power;' · Oct. 26 and Nov. 18 demonstrations , Hance, Young Socialists for Jenness ference was the presentation of a slide Although written in 1969, the ideas against the war in Southeast Asia, and and Pulley, Socialist Workers Party, show and tape of a speech Jenness contained in this document have been the Oct. 21-22 International Women's and invited guests attended the event delivered to a crowd of 3,000 people confirmed by· student upsurges since Tribunal on Abortion, Contraception, -1,153 people in all, from 29 states. · in Buenos Aires. then, for example in Egypt, Britain, and Forced Sterilization. Representatives from revolutionary An important aspect of the PSA's Bangladesh, and the United States,. There was a report on the recent organizations in Austria, Sweden, En­ work has been helping to build a Lund said. "The new youth revolt is developments in the Black liberation gland, France, the Philippines, Can- broad defense campaign for political not just a passing phenomenon," she struggle and the opportunities for win­ explained, ·''but rather will be a per­ ning Mro-American support for the manent feature of the class struggle SWP campaign. around the world from now on." Chicano, Puerto Rican, and Asian­ A special attraction at the Oberlin A-merican activists held workshops at conference was a talk by Militant edi­ the conference as well. The Chicano tor Mary-Alice Waters on the true his­ meeting focused on the importance of tory of the Marxist movement in fight­ the-national conference of Raza Unida ing for women's liberation. Waters parties slated for El Paso, Texas, La­ took issue with the claim of anti-Marx~ bor Day weekend. ists that the Marxist movement has traditionally ignored or opposed fern-· How did the Oberlin community 1"Iiism. She presented a documented react to the gathering of revolu­ history of 125 years of "unremitting tionary socialists in their midst? struggle" by Marxists in the women's liberation· movement, including many The local newspaper, the ()berlin examples of the leadership role played News-Tribune, ran a front-page by Marxists in the suffrage move­ article on the conference in its ments, the prerevolutionary Chinese Aug. 17 issue. Titled 11 1100 so­ feminist movement, and in the Soviet cialists work, play here," the story Union. Tying together these talks that out­ quoted Oberlin College housing Militant/Steve Beck lined: the rise of revolutionary strug­ and dining hall manager Charles Tony Thomas speaking on revolutionary struggles in Asia, Africa, and gles on an international scale, Jack Oakley as saying that conference Barnes, national secretary of the SWP, Latin · AmericSJ during Socialist Activists and Educational Conference. participants 11 have always been - discussed the task of constructing an. ada, Latin America, and the Near prisoners in Argentina. Camejo re­ international revolutionary party to tremendously cooperative and East also participated. ported that Peruvian Trotskyist lead­ lead these struggles. well-behaved. This is their third Speaking at the conference on the er Hugo Blanco remains in jail in "It's clear that in view of the way year here and I certainly hope permanent revolution 'in Asia, Africa, Argentina, despite the fact that no the radicalization is sweeping the they will continue to come back." and Latin America, Tony Thomas charges have been bl'ought against world, and in view of the counterrev- pointed to the Vietnamese national lib­ him. . olutionary role .of Stalinism and the A trade-union panel heard reports eration struggle as "the focal point During the conference it was learned incapacity of Castroism to lead an­ from socialists active in Teachers, rail­ of world revolution" today. American that Mario Roberto Santuch,o, a lead­ other revolution through to success," road workers, hospital workers, imperia.lism is using Indochina as a er of the People's Revolutionary Ar­ Barnes said, "new forces by the thou­ Teamsters, Steelworkers, Pulp and Pa­ testing ground for its "ultimate stra­ my ( Ejercito Revolucionario de Pue­ sands are looking for new leadership per Workers, and public employees tegic objective of launching an attack blo- ERP) had just escaped from a and are open to being won to eur unions. on the colonial revolution and the top-security prison along with other international movement." Conference participants also dis­ workers states," he s,aid. Argentine prisoners and had hijacked Barnes pointed to some significant, cussed support to the activities of the a plane to Chile. (See page 5 for fur­ though modest, steps forward in the U.S. Committee for Justice to Latin Thomas blasted "the complete be­ ther developments in the Argentine po­ growth of the world Trotskyist move­ American Political Prisoners ( USLA) trayal of revolutionary international­ litical prisoners' situation.) ment, the Fourth International. and defense efforts for Ceylonese po­ ism" by the Soviet and Chinese bu­ The tempo of revolutionary devel­ Trotskyists in Canada, he said, litical prisoners awaiting trial on reaucracies. Both Moscow and Peking, opments in the East European work­ have "been deeply involved in the charges stemming from the 1971 up­ he explained, "are trying to force the ers s~ates a·nd the Soviet Union has massive struggles in Quebec and in surge in Sri Lanka. Vietnamese into a compromise settle­ also increased, reported Gus Horo­ establishing Quebecois units of the Ca­ A workshop was held on the oppor­ ment with the Saigon militarists and witz. Since 1968, there has been grow­ nadian revolutionary party, with a tunities for reaching the more than Nixon." . ing opposition to the Stalinist bureau­ French-language paper that comes out 145,000 foreign students in the United This treachery makes it all the more cracies in these countries. The most Continued on page 22 States with socialist ideas. The work­ important for revolutionaries to con­ important struggles have erupted in shop took note of new openings for tinue the international campaign Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Poland, work with radicalizing youth of against the war in Southeast Asia, and the Soviet TJnion, focusing on Ukrainian descent, both here and in he said. freedom of speech, an end to national Canada. Thomas also pointed to the failure oppression, worl' rs' control of indus­ Activities in solidarity with the Irish of the Nkrumah, Sukarno, Allende, try, and other demands. civil rights struggle was the topic of and similar regimes to solve the prob­ Although the movement in the work­ another workshop. lems of the colonial world. Even to ers states has lagged behind that of Ideas on how to write for The Mili­ win basic democratic rights in these the colonial world and the advanced tant, promote the sale of revolution­ countries, he said, socialist revolutions capitalist countries, these new devel­ ary books and pamphlets, and orga­ will be necessary. opments have world significance, nize socialist activity on campuses and Horowitz explained. "The victorious in high schools were exchanged in Latin America revolution for socialist democracy in other workshops and panels. "Which Road to Revolution in Latin the Soviet Union, almost as much More than $3,500 worth of revolu­ Amerita: Guevarism or Trotskyism?" as the socialist revolution in the tionary books and pamphlets pub­ was the subject of a talk by Peter United. States, will signal the hour lished by Pathfinder Press was sold Camejo. To extend the socialist rev­ for the victory of the socialist revolu­ during the Oberlin conference, includ­ olution throughout Latin America, he tion throughout the world," he said. ing 359 copies of the new book Leon explained, "it is necessary to mobilize · Trotsky Speaks. Two hundred thirty­ much more powerfUl forces ... than lnternat'l youth revolt three conference participants bought was the case in the exceptional cir­ The international youth radicaliza­ Workshop on education held dur- - subscriptions to Intercontinental Press. cumstances of ~e Cuban revolution." tion- seen. most sharply in the stu- ing Oberlin conference. -C.J. 1,100-SWP campaign supporters at rally demand ballot.rights for.Jenness in Ohio By CINDY JAQUITH , that southern cracker even called m~ CLEVELAND, Aug. 18 -"I'd like to 'Sir!'" welcome everyone to this Socialist Turning to the campaign of McGov­ Workers campaign rally called to pro­ ern, Pulley . said the Democratic can­ test the refusal of Ohio Secretary of . didate is "attempting to fly irito the State Ted Brown to place our presi­ presidency on the wings o( the anti­ dential ticket on the ballot this fall." war majority. . . . George McGovern With these words, 19-year-old Robbie has used the antiwar movement to Scherr, SWP candidate for U. S. Con­ buUd his campaign. We have used gress from Ohio's 23rd C. D., greeted our campaign to build the antiwar the more than 1, 100 SWP campaign movement.... supporters who attended the rally held . "At the [Democratic] convention Mc­ here tonight at the Statler Hilton Ho­ Govern's lieutenants told women, 'if tel. you want to dump Nixon ... you "We socialists don't give up," Scherr had better drop your ·demands.' I say declared. She pledged a continued fight to all of the oppressed, if you want to secure ballot status in Ohio for to dump your oppressor . . . you Linda Jenness, the SWP presidential should drop the Democratic and Re­ candidate. Ted Brown has arbitrarily publican parties!" ruled Jenness off the ballot because Dr. Barbara Roberts, a national she is "too young" to serve if elected. coordinator of the Women's Na­ The rally, chaired by Fred Hal­ tional Abortion Action Coalition The crowd of more than 1,1 00 SWP campaign supporters broke into stead, SWP candidate for U.S. Senate (WONAAC), also addressed the rally. from Illinois, was also a celebration "Most feminists have correctly identi­ applause many times during the rqlly. of the ballot victories scored by the fied Nixon as an enemy of women's SWP in recent months. liberation, Roberts said. "But the wom­ Linda Jenness. After receiving a stand­ campaigning for is totally different. "For the first time in the history en who would seek [a] friend in George ing ovation, Jenness _opened her re­ of the SWP," v;ice-presidential candi­ McGovern are deluding themselves. marks with a humorous takeoff on "We are against racism and the op­ d~te Andrew Pulley told the c.rowd, . . . Suffice it to say that any can­ the selection of vice-presidential can­ pression of women. We are,for every­ "we're on the ballot in Massachusetts, didate who states, as George McGov­ didates: one having a job and for children and Florida, Texas, and Mississippi. ern did, that 11bortion is irrelevant de­ "The day that I was sure that I had old people being provided wi_th the serves the scorn, not the· support, of the nomination. . . . I picked up the finest of what society 'has to offer. We "1 was born in Mississippi and lived the women's movement. phone and called Pulley.... are for free medicine and a crash pro­ there half my life," Pulley continued. "In WONAAC we put out a bumper "'Pulley, are there any skeletons in gram to build houses, schools, and hospitals. We are for taking control "A couple of weeks ago I returned to sticker that says: 'Don't labor under your closet?' I said.... away from the tiny. handful of busi­ Mississippi with 3, 700 signatures col­ a misconception-repeal all abortion "He 'said, 'I got thrown in the sto·ck­ nessmen and bankers and building a lected by campaign supporters to place laws, I" Roberts said in closing. "To ade and then kicked out of the 2\rmy socialist society. . . . our party on the ballot. my sisters who think they can win for organizing Gis against the war at "I must say, when I was growing up · their demands of the feminist move­ Ft. Jackson.... ' "In my opinion there is no oppor­ in Mississippi-picking and chopping ment by working within the Demo­ "I said, 'Fantastic.' Then I said, tunity or privilege as great as being cotton'- I never dreame.d of visiting cratic and Republican parties, I say, 'Look, I'm not talking about that kind part of the revolutionary socialist the capitol in· Jackson, let alone pre­ don't labor under a misconception. of stuff. I'm talking about things that movement that will bring all humanity a new day," Jenness concluded. "I urge senting petitions to the secretary of Support the party that supports you. you would be ashamed of. . . . For any of you here tonight who are· not state demanding to be placed on the Vote Socialist Workers Party." instance, have you ever voted for a yet part of this great struggle to join ballot! And then, to top it all off, The rally 'Closed with a speech by capitalist candidate?' "He said, 'Hell no, I never support­ the Young Socialist Alliance or the Socialist Workers Party, and help the ed ,,any of them, and besides, I h~ven't international party become the h:wnan been old enough to vote.'" race." ..- Jenness devoted the major portion of her-. speech to the question: How SWP National Committee member Carol Lipman outlined at the rally would thing~ be better under a social­ two important campaign projects for ist system? the final three months of 1972 elec­ Under capitalism: she said, millions tion activity: the fight to win ballot starve to -death because "it is not prof­ status for _the SWP in a majority of itable to produce plentiful, inexpensive the states and plans to place 18 teams food." Blacks, Chicanos, and Puerto of Young Socialists for Jenness and Ricans · are used a~ guinea 'pigs in Pulley on the road this fall. rac~st · medical. experiments, ·she ex­ To finance these projects, Lipman plained. Rather than using its re­ announced, the SWP Campaign Com­ sources .to aid the victims of this mittee needs $40,000. Several cam­ spring's floods, the U.S. government paign supporters have already. volun­ spends "billions of dollars to cause teered to match all contributions. to more floods in Vietnam with fiendish the campaign up to $20,000, she said. new rain-making techniques and by After Lipman's appeal to the au­ bombing the dikes! dience for funds, the crowd donated "That's the system George McGov­ more than $10,000 to the Matching Militant/Howard Petrick Militant/Howard Petrick ern and Richard Nixon are campaign­ Fund, surpassing the halfway mark Linda Jenness Andrew Pulley ing for," she declared. "What we're in the 40,000 drive. YSA launches newspaper, nat' I convention By MARK UGOLINI nation of the 1972 socialist election of eainpuses and high schools 'to build namic, action-oriented, deeply in­ support for the campaign, sell Mili­ volved in the student movementinhigh OBERLIN~ Ohio, Aug. 13- Plans for campaign effort-will be open to all schools · and colleges all across the building the upcoming national con­ -members of the YSA, supporters of tant subscriptions, and publicize the country, championing and leading the vention of the Young Socialist Alliance the presidential ticket of Linda Jen- YSA convention. struggles of the opprP~sed for libera­ (YSA) and launching a new, month­ ness and Andrew Pulley, and other In the final section of his report, tion, and aggressively recruHing to - ly socialist youth newspaper were the · radical youth. Rose proposed that the YSA launch the revolutionary youth movement.". highlights of the YSA National Com­ More than a quarter of a mlllion a monthly public newspaper. The mittee plenum held here today. copies of a wallposter-brochure on plenum enthusiastically adopted this The meeting was attended l:ly Na­ the ·convention have already been proposal. In addition to general news analy­ tional Committee members, YSA local printed. Rose said the YSA wlll also The increased opportunities for sis, giving the YSA's views on con­ and regional organizers, and more publish a short "Introduction to the growth indicated by the success of the temporary issues, the new ~ublication will feature coverage and analysis of than 300 ob~~,ervers- members of the YSA" pamphlet to help build the con­ Jenness~ Pulley campaign and the im­ YSA, Young Socialists for Jenness and vention and recruit campaign support- portance of aggressively projecting the the student movement, news of the Pulley, and the Socialist Workers Par­ ers to the YSA. · YSA to maximize this growth were the YSA's activities, and articles dealing ty. In addition, the YSA is organizing main factors in the plenum's decision with the main political debates within Andy Rose, YSA national chairman, national speaking tours · this fall for to launch the new ·publication. The the radical youth movement. The pa- presented the main report. He began three YSA leaders, Geoff Mirelowitz, . YSA wlll discontinue its current news­ . per will put special emphasis on the with a discussion of plans for the Sam Manuel, and Delpfine Weich. paper, The Young Socialist Organizer, high school movement and on the in­ Twelfth Young Socialist National The YSA and. the Socialist Workers which was directed mainly toward ternational 'youth radicalization and Convention, which the- plenum voted Campaign Committee wlll send 18 YSA members. student struggles around the world. to call for Nov. 23-26 in Cleveland, traveling teams of. Young Socialists The new publication, Rose said,. "will The plenum also voted to conduct Ohlo. · for Jenness and Pulley on the road be the best reflection of the public a 12-week fund drive this fall to raise The convention- seen as the culmi- this fall. The teams wlll visit hundreds image we want the YSA to have: dy- $32,000.

THE MILITANTJSEPTEMBER 8, 1972 9 ''840,000 Abzug and Rangel joln. protest, to place Jenness orl Ohio ballot By LARRY SEIGLE choices .as do voters in other ers of civil liberties and fair play. AUG. 28- Congresswoman Bella Ab­ states.... " Protests should be sent to Ted W. zug (D-N. Y.) and Congressman The two letters were made public Brown, Secretary of State, Columbus Charles Rangel (D-N. Y.) h~vejoined today by the Committee for Demo­ Ohio 43216. Copies of the protests the growing list of those condemning cratic Election Laws ( CoDEL), which should be sent to Governor John J. 20,014 Ohio Secretary of State_ Ted Brown's is coordinating the campaign to over­ Gilligan, Columbus, Ohio 43216; and decision to bar Linda Jenness, the So­ turn Brown's ruling. to CoDEL, Box 649, Cooper Station, cialist Workers Party presidential can­ The Federal District Court in Co­ New York, N.Y. 10003. didate, and her running mate Andrew lumbus is considering . the case, and Pulley from the Ohio ballot. The state­ a decision is expected shortly. How­ ments by Abzug and Rangel are ex­ ever, in an obvious response to the pected to provide added momentum pressure exerted by CoDEL' s public The SWP ticket was recently certified to the drive to get protest messages campaign, Brown ordered Jenness for .ballot status in Pennsylvania, Tex­ sent to Brown. and Pulley to be listed on the sample as, Iowa, South Dakota, and Wiscon­ In a letter dated Aug. 7, Rangel state. ballot prepared this month. While sin. This brings to 11 the number of this decision has no legal bearing on states in which socialist candidates are the printing of the actual ballots, it already assured a place on the ballot. is an important concession by the sec­ ( The other six are Massachusetts, retary of state to the growing demand Colorado, New Jersey, Michigan, Ida­ for a fair ballot in'Ohio. ho, and Kentucky.) In a related development, Brown More than 450,000 signatures to backed down and ruled Aug. 4· that put SWP candidates on the ballot have Gus Hall and Jarvis Tyner, the Com­ been collected in 27 states. Plans are munist Party candidates, will be now underway to meet the require­ placed on the Ohio ballot. Brown had ments for ballot status in three other previously threatened to deny ballot states: Arizona, New ~exico, and status to Hall and Tyner, claiming Washihgton. that Communist Party campaign sup­ In many states, signatures have porters had "misrepresented" the pur­ been filell and the candidates are pose of nominating petitions circulated awaiting official notice of certification. on behalf of the CP candidates. In other states, including Louisiana, illinois, Utah, and Ohio, court·'Suits CoDEL is continuing its drive to have been initiated demanding the ac­ get telegrams and letters of protest ceptance of signatures nominating Jenness-POl lev supporting Jenness from all defend- Jenness and Pulley. Militant/Howard Petrick campaign- Representative Bella Abzug

told Brown, "Your decision shuts off Matching. Fund the free choice of political leadership to the citizens of Ohio who are entitled · to elect their President from the full range of candidates. . . . In the name Fall drive of democratic choice, I urge you to reverse your earlier decision and to permit Ms. Jenness' name to appear opens at on -the ballot in Ohio, since she has filed the requisite number of pe­ titions.... " Clevelind Bella Abzug, in a letter dated Aug. 21, told Brown that "As a civil lib­ erties advocate and one who believes rillY in the free interchange of all ideas, Militant/Sara Gates The 1972 Socialist Workers Cam­ whether I agree with them or not, I .The Socialist Workers Party filed 38,453 signatures on Aug. 28 to place paign Committee has launched a believe your decision runs counter to Linda Jenness and Andrew Pulley on the New York ballot. Above, drive to raise $40,000 for the Jen­ our tradition of open and democratic Joanna Misnik, SWP candidate for U.S. Congress (20th D.), and political campaigns and elections. I ·c. ness-hiley campaign. The drive New York SWP organizer Peter Seidman at Albany, N.Y., news con­ has been made possible by several respectfully urge you to reverse your decision and to allow the voters of ference held to announce the fili'ng. The SWP is the first party to file ~ampaign supporters who have agreed to match all contributions Ohio to have the same wide range of signatures for the 1972 New York baHot. up to $20,000 -received ·before Nov. 7. The Matching Fund was launched at the Aug. 18 Cleveland campaign rally, where $10,007.36 was collected. Of this, $2,500 came Jenness fights for equal time from large contributions and the. rest from several hundred smaller By CATHYPERKUS The sociaiist candidate applied to it denies the American people their donations. AUG. 28 - The Socialist Workers NBC for equal time to answer Sena­ right to hear the views of all the can­ Nearly $10,000 must be raised Campaign Committee today appealed tor George McGovern's 20-minute. didates. and matched in the next two to the Federal CommuniCations Com­ campaign speech that was broadcast "I am prepared to take legal action months· if the Matching Fund is to mission (FCC) to order the National Sat., Aug. 5. In that speech, Senator against. NBC, if necessary, to secure be successful in providing the Broadcasting Company (NBC) to McGovern announced Sargent Shriver my right to equal time during this much-needed funds for the fmal provide equal television and radio as his running mate. ·campaign." drive of. the Jenness-Pulley cam­ time to SWP presidential candidate NBC maintained that because Linda paign. Your contributions can Linda Jenness. Jenness is 31 years old she is not a make the difference. legally qualified candidate for the pres­ Jenness to idency and not entitled to claim equa1 appear on TV (~------· ) I can contribute $--to the time. ~40,000 Matching Fund. On Sunday afternoon, Aug. 27, Linda Jenness, presidential can­ ( ) I can contribute $-in three NBC interrupted its programming for didate of the Socialist Workers a· 15-minute special, featuring brief mon~y installments (Sept., Oct., Party, will appear on the Public &Nov.) statements by Gus Hall, Communist Party presidential candidate, and Broadtasting System on Sept. 6 Louis Fisher, Socialist Labor Party at 8 p. m., Eastern Standard Time, presidential candidate. Both the CP in a special broadc"ast covering Address ______· and the SLP requested equal time candidates from the smaller par­ to answer McGovern's speech. City _ __,______.....__ In appealing for a favorable FCC ies. ruling, Jenness said that "NBC's de­ She will_ also appear on ABC TV's "Issues and Answers" along Stitte · Zip--~ cision infringes on my constitutional Clip and mail to: Socialist Work­ right to run for the presidency as pro­ with other candidates from small­ ers Campaign Committee, 706 vided by the 20th Amendment. It sets er parties on Oct. 8 at 1 p.m., Broadway, Eighth Floor, New a precedent that hinders young peo­ Eastern Standard Time. / York, N.Y. 10003. ple from seeking political office, and

1.0 •ao IS BI!TIB POBTII BULIII CLASS: 11101 OB IOVIBit

By GEORGE BREITMAN blessings conducive to an unhampered He has scored minor advances here itics' a large number of . . . young Which would ~enefit the U. S. ruling pursuit of $Urplus value. But it hasn't and there, but he burned his fingers people whose attitudes toward politics, class the most-the election of Mc­ worked out quite that way. In fact, with the Cambodian i:nvasion arid had and for that matter toward their coun­ Govern or the re-election of Nixon? those who were born and raised in to pull back in the face of the May try, are just now in the process of be­ Please notice that I did not ask it the television era are the ones most 1970 upsurge on the campuses. His ing shaped." the defeat of one or the other would alienated from the present system. efforts to intimidate radical opponents· Miller is also happy to note that the injure the interests of the ruling class. The current alienation, which has through pr·osecutions in the courts McGovern movement is also success­ Its interests are well protected in spread among so many strata of the have had mixed results bufcannotbe fully teaching its youthful supporters either case. Both the Republican con­ population and into areas that pr~ said to have succeeded on the whole. that "they need to learn to work with servative and the Democratic liberal viously were considered impregnable But Nixon's tactics, which were and accommodate to . . . and even are fervent defenders' of the capitalist (armed forces, prisons), has not yet forced on him soto speak, should not appreciate" people with "ideas different system, and both can be counted on raised most of the many millions af­ be permitted to obscure the fact that than their own" (which must refer to to uphold that system against all op­ fected to the level of revolutionary con­ his basic approach to the radicaliza­ hacks, hawks,- racists, sexists, and ponents, at home and abroad. They sciousness; nor has it yet produced a tion is to crush it as soon as a favor­ other forces of oppression, juat so long djffer over ways of doing this, but the political force capable of challenging able opportunity presents itself. If re­ as they are Democrats too). · ruling class knows that in a crisis the capitalists for power; nor has it elected, that· is what he will try to do, Perhaps Miller exaggerates McGov­ both of them can be counted on. yet created a revolutionary situation if possible. ern's accomplishment a little, perhaps Please notice also that I did not in the United States. McGovern, on the other hand, wants I underestimate the difficulties McGov­ ask whose election the U. S. ruling But one would have to be a fool not to smother the radicalization in a tight ern will encounter in keeping his rad­ class thinks would benefit it the most. to see that a continuation and a deep­ embrace and dissolve it into reform icalized supporters in line between now . That's a separate question. What ening of the radicalization will inevi­ politics, sporting a new rhetoric and and the election. In any case, McGov­ the ruling class-that is, the small tably prepare the conditions for a. rev­ sideburns. While he hasn't attained ern already has done more to under­ decision-making section of that class olutionary showdown in this country. that objective yet, and perhaps never cut the radicalization in the last six -thinks about the relative merits of While the ruling class makes occasion­ will, it must be admitted that he has months than Nixon did in three and a Nixon or Mc(}overn victory is not al mistakes, it does not consist of made an effective beginning. one-half years. And while the hardest unimportant. Mter all, what the rul­ fools. It is keenly aware that the future William Lee Miller, an Indiana Uni­ part of his scheme still lies ahead, it ing class does about it will follow from of its rule depends on its ability to versity professor who writes about would be unrealistic to exclude the what it thinks about it, and what it contain,. co-opt, ride out, ot somehow "The Meaning of 1972" in the Aug. 5 possibility that McGovern may suc­ does usually has a decisive effect on reverse the present radicalization and 12 New Republic, carefully pre­ ceed in defusing_ major aspects of the the outcome. (which is so pervasive that, among sents his credentials as a moderate- threat posed by the radicalization-if But I am not asking here what the other things, it has infected even some · he was for Humplrrey in 1968 and for not altogether, then by reducing it to ruling class thinks about the ques­ of the sons and daughters of the ruling Muskie before this year's Democratic more manageable proportions. tion under examination, because it is class). convention, and he calls himself a Which method of fighting the radi­ possible that the ruling class does not Every class society rests on domina­ "belated dove" - and then says, "I calization is better for the capitalists? see the situation correctly, that is, from tion through a mix of coercion and think we are lucky to have McGovern I would argue that McGoy_ern's is the standpoint of its best interests. persuasion; the greater the proportion heading this wing of American politics cheaper, safer, more likely to succeed of persuasion, the cheaper it is for the [with its "variegated spread of young than Nixon's, less likely to trigger There is nothing in Mar5dsm that ruling class, and the more secure its dil?senters"]. Think what might have off convulsions as bitter as they would · - teaches us the ruling class always sees position generally is. The decline of come out of the cauldron of the late be widespread. I do not contend that and acts in its own best interests. No. confidence that many millions have sixties." it · would be foolproof or sure to suc­ The rulers of this country sometimes in the capitalist system, the widespread But the cauldron is'· still bubbling ceed-only that it is probably more make mistakes, despite their training disbelief and mistrust in the govern­ in the seventies; some hitherto unthink­ effective and certainly less dangerous and long experience in rule and de­ ment, the suspicion and/ or rejection able and extremely hot things may from the capitalist standpoint. spite their access to special informa­ of the traditional political parties, the still emerge. That's what makes Mc­ There is more than a little evidence tion denied to other people. They can't loss of authority by the institutions Govern's achievement so far all the that a majority of the ruling class does afford to make· too many mistakes, that represented and symbolized au­ more impressive. "It is altogether too not share my estimate. That I cannot especially on vital questions affecting thority, the questioning oftime-encrust­ tiresome to go back over the 'within dispute. But, I repeat, ruling classes tlieir retention of state power. But out­ ed values, procedures, and prejudices the system' business again," Miller con­ ·are not immurie from mistakes, and, I side of those areas they can and do -these are not minor matters or mere tinues, "but surely that point is ob­ may add, they tend to make them · make mistakes, like the leaders and conversation pieces for thee intelligent .vious: the McGovern movement, with more frequently the nearer they come members of other classes. capitalists but problems of major pro­ help from Richard Nixon and history, to the finish of their rule. It may turn That is why I prefer to leave aside portions with which they have been has brought into the framework of out that they are committing one of the question of what the ruling class grappling for several years. What else what a short time ago they scornfully their biggest and most costly mistakes thinks and to put the question the way produced Lyndon Johnson's decision were dismissing as mere 'electoral pol- in the present election campaign. I do -whose election would objectively not to. run in 1968 except the convic­ be of the greatest benefit to the ruling tion that he had become too discredited class? · to even get a hearing from millions I think McGovern's election would . of alienated Americans? be. For the following reasons:, Nixon came to office promising to McGovern hustles Zionist vote; U.S. capitalism presides over the handle this problem by being tough­ richest economy in the world and the er than Johnson had been. (This led refuses Arab group's support most aw~some military machine in more than a few radicals to pin the history. In spite of that, it is in trouble "fascism" label on Nixon, which may In his eagerness to win Zionist votes On Aug. 21, McGovern issued a for­ at home because it has lost the confi­ have given them some kind of by striking a more pro-Israel stance mal statement of repudiation froin dence of a large proportion, perhaps emotional satisfaction but did little to than Richard Nixon, George McGov­ Washington. He claimed the endorse­ a majority, of the population; and .prepare anybody for the realities of ern has repudiated the support of the ment was an attempt "to embarrass or certainly has lost the confidence of a the first Nixon administration.) But Action Committee on American-Arab discredit me with Americans of all large majority of the young people, he soon found that he did not have a Relations. · creeds who believe, as I do, that the that is, those on whom the future will completely- free hand. He therefore The Action Committee, which has cornerstone of American policy in the depend. adopted the strategy of trying to ride worked to bring the plight of the Pales­ Middle East must be the survival of The radicalization of the last decade · out the radicalization, of letting if tinian people to public attention, re­ an Israel that is militarily secure and is a result of the contradictions spend itself if possible, of avoiding a leased its endorsement of McGovern economically sound." spawned by the capitalist system out head-on collision for the time being, on Aug. 19. McGovern called the Action Com­ of the conditions that have occurred while sniping at the flanks of his op-· The following day, Robert Wagner, mittee's endorsement "a calculated at­ since the end of World War II. The ponents and trying to strengthen and New York state chairman of the Mc­ tempt to drive voters concerned for new technology, and especially the unite the forces, of conservatism and Govern campaign, went on radio and Israel's security into the Republican brainwashing effects of TV, was sup­ reaction in preparation for more fa­ television and attacked the Arab group camp-an ,obvious desire to win sup­ posed to guarantee a compliant popu­ vorable conditions under which the for endorsing McGovern. - port for Richard Nixon." lace, a docile labor force, and other old relationships could be restored.

THE MILITANT/SEPTEMBER 8, 1972 11 By ANTONIO CAMEJO eluded the most extravagant pro~ises Two basic strategies have been prc;>­ ever made to La Raza during an elec­ posed on how to relate to the N ovem­ tion, but did not begin to deal with ber elections, both claiming to be in the basic problems facing our people. the interest of advancing the Chicano McGovern's promises, which centered SBODLD!II struggle. ' around the hiring or appointment of The frrst strategy says that La Raza more Chicanos to government jobs, I should remain within either the Dem­ would help only a. tiny handful with­ ocratic or Republican parties. Most out altering the conditions of poverty w?-o favor this strategy are for sup­ and deprivation faced by most of La f porting George McGovern and other Raza. Democratic candidates as part of a To help gauge whether· McGovern "Defeat Nixon" crusade. is likely to implement his promises The second strategy says we should if elected, we should glance at his build a mass independent Chicano po­ senate record. IBIFC litical party in opposition to both the While criticizing the Vietnam. war, Democrats and Repuplicans. Such a McGovern has consistently voted ·for In May when McGovern assured tem. You may be sure that I value party would use elections and any war appropriations and refuses to Chavez he would support the lettuce th_eir contribution to our economy and other .means necessary to .gain control support antiwar demonstrations. boycott, McGovern received a letter will continue to support their role."· over our lives and communities. While speaking of peace, McGovern from Frank Register, the executive di­ (Emphasis added.) He promises the In addition, Texas Raza Unida talks of making war, with U. S. troops rector of the National Association of farm workers one thing and the gro­ Party (RUP) leader Jose Angel Guti­ if necessary, against the Arab peoples Retail Grocers, protesting his stand. cers another. -Which promise will he errez has projected a course of action struggling for self-!fetermination The Aug. 18 New York Times re­ carry out if elected? \ that attempts to combine these two against Zionist Israel. ported McGovern's reply as follows: McGovern, like Nixon, is the presi­ antagonistic and incompatible strate­ While criticizing certain economic "Retail grocers [which includes Safe­ dential candidate of a poLitical_ party gies. Gutierrez projects the possibility policies of Nixon, McGovern voted way, for example-A. C.],, as well as that is committed to the maintenance of voting for either Nixon or McGov­ for the legislation authorizing the wage other small businessmen, are vital in of_ capftalism not only in the U.S. ern for president combined with in­ controls Nixon decreed a year ago. the success of our free enterprise sys- but througltout the world. In an ad dependent campaigns on the local and statewide, levels. One of those advocating su_Rport to McGovern is Cesar Chavez. Chavez endorsed McGovern because he con­ sidered him a candidate of peace and because McGovern had supported the farm workers' boycotts. He mobilized ·hundreds offarm workers to campaign for McGovern during the California primary. Now that McGovern has the nomination, we can expect the United Farm Workers Union to use its in­ fluence to turn out the vote for th~ Democrats in November. Does McGovern deserve this sup­ port? McGovern's real record Aware of !he importance of the Chi­ In May George McGovern visited Cesar Chavez during the farmworker leader's 'fast for justice' (right). cano vote, McGovern outlined an eight-point program during the Cal­ In June McGovern visited George Wallace. He said that he would consider the segregationist for a ifornia primary. This program in- cabinet position if elected (left).

By MIGUEL PENDAS LOS ANGELES, Calif.- In his five" day official visit to the United States in June, Mexican President Luis Eche- ICIIVDBII= FBIBID OB . verria Alvarez tried to give the impres­ . sio'n at home .and throughout Latin Others have been imprisoned since Antonio News, Cantu "ordered the ficial. . : . The Chicano can play a America that he was traveling to the then. pickets withdrawn 'for peace's sake.'" similar role for Mexico as the Jew heartlana or imperialism to press de­ On June 10, 1971, ·scores of stu­ According to the Chicanp Times has played for Israel." mands upon the Yankee exploiters on dents were gunned down by a com­ (Vol. III, No. 1), Echeverria prom­ During the meeting, Gutierrez pre­ behalf of the oppressed masses south bination of police, army troops, and ised to allow a delegation of Chicanos sented Echeverria with a portrait of of the Rio Bravo (Rio Grande). The Federal District government-inspired to inspect Mexico's prisons to see for Emiliano Zapata, the Mexican revolu­ real aims of his trip, however, were goon squads called "Los Halcones" themselves "that there are no political tionary. As a result of the same meet­ quite different (The Hawks). Ricardo Ochoa wrote prisoners." CantU was quoted in the ing, according to the June 23 Sol de One purpose was a calculated at­ from Mexico City in the June 28, 1971, News as referring to the meeting as Texas, Echeverria gave a 2,000-vol­ tempt. by Nixon to improve his "Chi­ Intercontinental Press that with this "productive." ume library to Crystal City and prom- cano" image for the 197.2 elections. attack Echeverria had gotten his own publicity -flowing out of the White "baptism of blood in a deliberate House emphasized how Echeverria massacre.... "was ·very impressed with the inclusion "F~r the second time in three years, and participation of the Spanish the streets of the capital have been lit­ speaking in President Nixon's admin­ tered with the -bodies of Mexican istration in the highest levels of policy youth," Ochoa wrote. and decisi~n making." A second aim of Echeverria's visit . San Antonio protest was to bolster his own image at home While Echeverria was wined and by pressuring U.S. imperialism for dined by American politicians- Re­ som~ minor concessions in the face of publican and Democrat alike-from serious problems in Mexico. Among Washington, D. C.,. to California, he the topics discussed with Nixon were was greeted by demonstrations in al­ the increasing salinity of the Colo­ most every city he visited. rado River, the unfavorable balance In San Antonio a picket line was of trade with the U, S., and the ques­ organized by the Committee to Free tion of undocumented Mexican work­ All Political Prisoners (formerly the Luis Echeverria, then minister of the interior, shares responsibiHty ers now in the U.S. Angela Davis Defense Committee) and for the mass~cre of hundreds of students at Tlatelolco in 1968. Since taking office in 1971 Eche­ its leader Mario Cantu. A leaflet dis­ verria has tried to change his more tributed by the committee said in part: than slightly tarnished image as one "In the interest of human decency you Subsequently, another meeting was ised to send a special research team to of the chief architects of the massacre must not welcome this dictator who arranged with Echeverria that in­ investigate how Mexico can help "un­ of hundreds of students attending a rules over the impoverished Mexican cluded Jose Angel Gutierrez, Ramsey derprivileged 'Chicanos" in South Tex­ peaceful rally in Tlatelolco Plaza in masses." Muniz, and a delegation of Crystal as. Muniz also reported that Echeverr­ Mexico City on October 2, 1968. Eche­ Echeverria, however, succeeded in City Raza Unida Party elected offi­ ia was quite sympathetic to the idea verria was minister of the interior at getting Cantu, Texas Raza .Unida Par­ cials. of the Raza Unida Party and thought that time, under President Diaz Ordaz. ty founder Jose Angel Gutierrez, and The June 20 San Antonio News it was a "wonderfUl idea" that they .As a result of the brutal repression of Texas R UP gubernatorial candidate quoted Gutierrez as saying, "Our plans were _"practicing democracy." the student movement in 1968, the Ramsey Muniz to meet with him. "Af­ are to act as catalyst between the Meld­ In addition, a delegation from the jails of Mexico were filled with hun­ ter meeting with the Mexican presi­ can and Chicano cultures and work Me,gcan government spent four days dreds of political prisoners, some of dent for one hour and 15 minutes in for a cultural and educational inter­ in Crystal City initiating discussions whom remain incarcerated to this day. his suite," repohed the June 20 San change that should be highly bene- on th-e poS'sible building of a· tomato

12 A weekly international supplemer)t to The Militant based on selections from Intercontinental Press, a newsmagazine reflecting the viewpoint of revolutionary socialism.

SEPTEMBER 8, 1972

By George Fyson Auckland, Wellington, and Christ­ the Indochinese peoples. church. Before the April 22-23 conference, some groups, in particular the Maoist A new feature in Auckland and Well­ On July 14 more than 27,000 New N. Z. Communist party and a split­ ington was the organisation of Zealanders marched in the streets of off from it, the "Wellington District New Zealand Polynesian contingents who marched the main cities throughout the coun­ Communist party," as well as some under banners bearing slogans such try to demand that the United States ultraleft forces in the student move­ as "Polynesians against racist wars," get out of South East Asia immediately ment, had opposed a mobilisation al­ "No Vietcong ever called me a coconuf' and stop the bombing of Indochina. together. However, they changed their and "No Vietnamese ever called me The demonstrators also demanded a position around the time of the con­ a Hori." ("Hori" and "coconuf' are Trade total end to New Zealand support for ference and advocated slogans calling derogatory racist terms for Maoris the war. for "victory to the NLF" as "more and Polynesians, the equivalent of The turnout was not far behind the advanced" than "Out Now." They also "nigger.") The Polynesians, in their 1971 demonstrations in which 35,000 favoured calling for "support to the speeches, publicity, and placards, unionists, on April 30 and 32,000 on July 30 seven-point peace proposals of the pointed out that a very high propor­ marched against the war. Twelve days PRG of South Vietnam," and for col­ tion of New Zealand's armed forces after the July 30 demonstrations, New lecting money for medical aid to North are Polynesian, and that out of thirty­ Zealand's token force of a few hun­ Vietnam and NLF areas as part of students, five New Zealanders killed in Viet­ dred combat troops was withdrawn, the mobilisation. The conference re­ nam, twenty-nine were Polynesians. leaving an N. Z. army team of fifty jected the proposals on the ground Only about ten percent of New Zea- · men who have been engaged in that they did not add anything to the landers are Polynesian. Polynesians, training Cambodian soldiers in South "Out Now" demand directed against Vietnam. In Christchurch a lively and vocif­ the N. Z. and U.S. governments, yet Partly because of the N. Z. troop erous Gay contingent took part in placed unnecessary barriers in theway withdrawal, and also because of Nix­ the march, organised by the recently of the tens of thousands of New Zea­ protest war on's "winding down the war" propa­ formed Gay Liberation Movement in landers who support the antiwar ganda, some forces formerly active that city. movement on the basis of "Out Now," in the anuwar movement had doubted The July 14 mobilisation was called while not favouring explicit support that there was a continuing potential by a National Antiwar Conference, to the revolutionists in Indochina. for organising massive antiwar dem­ held in Auckland April 22-23, which onstrations. In fact, this was one rea­ was attended by 400 persons from After the April conference, the "Victory for the NLF" forces, who are son for the slightly smaller turnout all over the country, from different strongest in Wellington (the capital -in a few smaller towns where former sectors of society, and from various city), forced their views on the Well­ antiwar coalitions had dissolved no political groups. ington Committee on Vietnam ( COV­ activity took place. Numbers The delegates debated what course to that date the only antiwar coalition marching in the larger centres were the antiwar movement ought to take in the city). Those who insisted on about the same as before, however. in 1972. The conference decided in building the mobilisation around "Out About 12,000 marched in Auckland, favour of a mass mobilisation built Now" left the COV to set up the new 4,000 in Wellington, 8,000 in Christ­ around the following demands: (a) Wellington Mobilisation Committee, church, and 2,000 in Dunedin. All U.S. and allied forces out of S. E. which will continue to develop a mass Trade unionists; Labour party MPs, Asia immediately; (b) An immediate antiwar movement in that city. branches, and supporters; Christian end to the bombing of Indochina; (c) antiwar groups; and university and An end to all forms of N. Z. support On July 14 the perspective adopted high-school students participated in the for the war, and N. Z. withdrawal by the conference was completely vin­ same numbers as they have in the from the aggressive military alliances dicated by the massive and enthusiastic past. Successful "Women Against the with the United States (SEATO and turnout and by the most popular chant War" contingents were organised in ANZ US); (d) Self-determination for of the marchers: "Out Now! Out Now!"

Part of crowd at 12,000-strong antiwar rally in Auckland. Action was part of national mobilization. World Outlook vvo12 ~~~~~~~~~~------~~~~

European countries, especially Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union. You may object that here too there is a difference: that Appeal to Angela Davis in the United States and other Western countries it is "progressives" who are persecuted, whereas in the So­ viet Union and Czechoslovakia it is mainly "antisocialisf' elements, to use the language of official propaganda. But, Angela, ask for the list of political prisoners in Czech­ on behalf of oslovakia and read their biographies: you'll find the over­ whelming majority of them are communists or socialists. I should like to recall a few, mostly veteran commu­ nists: Milan Hubl, rector of the party university and mem­ Czech political prisoners ber of the Central Committee; Jaroslav Sabata, psychol­ ogist and member of the Central Committee; Alfred Cerny, worker, regional party secretary in Brno and member [The following open letter by Jiri Pelikan appeared in of the Central Committee; Jaroslav Litera, worker and the August 31 issue of the left-liberal weekly New York secretary of the Prague city party committee; General Review of Books. Vaclav Prchlik, member of the Central Committee and [Pelikan, as director of Czechoslovak TV, was a prom­ of Parliament; Karel Bartosek, historian; Petr Uhl, teach­ inent figure in the struggle for proletarian democracy er; Jiri Lederer and Vladimir Nepras, journalists; Ota in Prague that was suppressed by Moscow in 1968.] Krizanovski, teacher in the party school; and hundreds of lesser-known names-intellectuals, students, workers, priests, and trade unionists. Dear Angela Davis, Among the prisoners are two communist journalists who You will perhaps be surprised that a Czechoslovak worked for a long time as correspondents in your coun­ political exile should feel the need to write to you. You try: Karel Kyncl for the radio and Jiri Hochman for must have had many messages from Czechoslovakia, the party daily Rude Pravo. From them we learned to but you missed those from the people who would have know and to support the struggle of the American pro­ liked to express their solidarity but could not do so be­ gressives against racism, McCarthyism, and the Vietnam cause their voices are stifled, because they are in prison, war. condemned or awaiting trial. Today they have both been in prison for six months, I am sending you this letter in their names. I can speak and both are ill: Hochman with a serious form of tuber­ and write because I have chosen, like many of my com­ culosis and Kyncl with an ulcer. They have no contact patriots, to continue the struggle in exile. with the outside world, inadequate medical care, no chance But I'm also writing to you because, in spite of our to choose or to consult their lawyers, no knowledge of different experiences, we have a lot in common and I when they will be tried. Their families, like those of most think that you will understand me. You say that you other political prisoners, are in a particularly difficult became a communist because after seeing the people suf­ situation because their wives are prevented from working. fer you understood that society must be changed. So Moreover, to collect money for the families of prisoners did I. I joined the Communist party in September, 1939. is considered "approval of criminal acts" and is therefore I was a student and I had seen my country occupied punishable by imprisonment. by the German Nazis. I wanted to fight for freedom and Do you, Angela, consider this situation normal in a to change a system which produces wars and oppression. country that calls itself "socialisf'? I have read about You have lived through the painful experience of prison. and seen on television the many messages of solidarity So have I. While the Gestapo hunted me, my parents you received in prison and after your release. I was proud were taken as hostages: and my mother never came back to think that there were people who were not indifferent from prison. I know as well as you what is meant by to the fate of others; at the same time I had to think with repression, discrimination, and suffering. Like you, I went sadness and bitterness about my friends imprisoned in into the revolutionary movement convinced that social­ Prague who cannot receive expressions of solidarity and ism can create a more just society for the majority of men. are deprived of moral encouragement. The difference between us consists only in the fact that But, Angela, you above all have the moral right to after thirty years as a militant, in October, 1969, I was demand of the Czech authorities what has been until now expelled from the party along with some half million denied to journalists -permission to visit the Ruzyn Pris­ Czech and Slovak communists simply because we refused on in Prague and to interview Karel Kyncl and Jiri Hoch­ to consider the occupation of our small socialist country man, both of whom speak English. Listen to them and by a foreign power, itself "socialist," as "fraternal aid." draw your own conclusions; but above all try to help You may say that there is a big difference between them so they can defend themselves against their accusers American military aggression in Vietnam and the So­ as you have been able to do in your own country. viet intervention in Czechoslovakia. I agree, and that But among the Czech political prisoners there are also is why our people did not defend itself in arms. But the noncommunists; you will find Catholics, Evangelists, Jews, substance of the two interventions is the same: to pre­ and also those opposed to socialism. This must not be a vent people from deciding their own destiny. You are pretext for indifference to their fate. In Czechoslovakia for the immediate withdrawal of American troops from we have paid dearly for our failure to understand that Vietnam. So am I. But why, four years after the inter­ liberty is not divisible and that injustice toward opponents vention, are there still 80,000 Soviet soldiers in Czecho­ will in the end turn itself back on those who commit in­ slovakia, in spite of the agreements between Bonn and justice. If liberty is taken away from some of the people, Moscow and Warsaw, in spite of the "consolidation" many it will soon die for the rest. times proclaimed by Husak and Brezhnev? But prison is not the only or the main form of repres­ I was delighted to read that after your release you sion in Czechoslovakia. Tens of thousands of communists said you would fight for the freedom of all the political and other citizens have nothing to live on, being deprived prisoners in the world. I hope you will do so for po­ of work for their political convictions. The best writers litical prisoners in capitalist countries, but also in East are condemned to silence, theaters that disobey are closed, the directors who made the fame of the new Czechoslovak cinema are out of work or are forced to leave the country. The theaters do not know what to put on apart from the classics and escapist comedies; the Ministry of Culture does not recommend antifascist works because the public might find "dangerous parallels" which would lead to "provocative applause." Hundreds of thousands of citizens have been eliminated from public life. For the "sins" of their parents children may no longer study, and parents are punished for the negative attitudes of their children. Investigations are car­ ried out as far as three generations back, to encourage denunciations. Some people are overcome by fear and resignation. Not all have the will and the courage to defend them­ selves as you have done. But we too have many Angela Davises and Soledad Brothers, though they remain un­ known. The best Czech writers have refused to serve the regime; after they were forbidden to publish their books in Czechoslovakia they published abroad. Now the gov­ ernment has applied to them taxes and regulations that allow them only 5 percent of their royalties -less than is sufficient to live on for a month. The regime hopes that they will stop writing, become tired, give in. And if a writer tells a foreign journalist what is happening he Angry Czechs surround Soviet tank after the government of the Soviet Union invaded Czechoslovakia Aug. can be condemned to three years in prison for spreading 21,1968. information abroad that is "damaging to the interests of W0/3

the State"! The government statement announcing these measures makes it clear that they are directed against such writers as Ludvik Vaculik, Milan Kundera, Pavel Kohout, Vaclav Havel, and Ivan Klima, against the Marxist philosopher Karel Kosik (with whom you would, I think, quickly Permanent inflation-­ arrive at mutual understanding), against the historian Robert Kalivoda, and even against Jean (Jan] Prochaka, a writer now dead. We are one of the special countries Symptom of capitalist decline in which writers cannot join the Union of Writers and all literary journals have been suppressed. And what a rich It would not be an exaggeration and progressive literature we once had! [The following article appeared in to say that twenty-five years of "ne~ Hundreds of professors and teaching assistants have the July 4 issue of Le Monde Diplo­ been fired from the University because of their political matique. Translation is by Garret Or­ capitalist prosperity" in the United States (interrupted by six recessions). . attitudes and today are working as laborers, taxi drivers, miston.] porters. Eighteen hundred journalists have been excluded can be explained in large measure by the extraordinary increase in private debt. In 1946, payments on the pri­ By Ernest Mandel British CP criticizes Czech trials vate debts of the average American. household amounted to six percent Since mid-July the Czech government has tried Prior to the second world war, in­ of its monthly income; by 1970, thes.e: and sentenced 46 opponents of the Soviet-imposed flation usually took the form of an excess issuing of paper money. It cor­ payments reached nearly twenty-five regime on "subversion" charges. Many of these responded to large budgetary deficits, percent of its monthly income. One defendants are named in Jiri Pelikan's letter on which the state covered by running the need not be a great genius to under-' · this page. printing presses. It therefore usually stand that this skyrocketing rate can~ .. The Czech trials have provoked criticism even went together with political disturb­ not continue forever. from several European Communist parties. The last ances: wars, foreign occupations, civil As long as paper currencies were · only a monetary symbol based on issue of The Militant reported on criticisms of the wars, accelerated rearming, payment of war reparations, etc. precious metals, the automatic meeh-... French CP. On Aug. 10 the Morning Star, news­ In the epoch of the decline of cap­ anism of the foreign exchange market paper of the British Communist Party, stated in italism (called by some the epoch of and of gold shipments imposed a strict · regard to the Czech trials: "The limited informa­ neocapitalism and by others the epoch limit on credit. Once currencies are tion available indicates that severe sentences have of state monopoly capitalism), the "managed," the limits on credit expan­ been passed on Communists and others engaged phenomenon no longer takes chiefly sion no longer depend on anything · but the policy of the monopolies and in political activities arising from their political dif­ the form of an excess issuing of paper their governments. Essentially, the ferences with the Czechoslovak Government. Such money, but rather of a mushrooming of bank credit, that is, an inflation of "Keynesian revolution" boils down to differences should be dealt with by political means, checkbook money. Its origins no long­ this: Put off economic crises that would and not by trials and imprisonment." er lie only in budgetary deficits or be too explosive and transform them the unproductive spending of the cen­ into more "moderate" recessions by opening wide the flood gates of credit · from their union and prevented from working as jour­ tral government. They are rooted in nalists. The Student Union has been dissolved and most the very functioning of the economy­ and inflation. of its leaders condemned or forbidden to carry on studies. the efforts of the monopolies to assure Is this to say that thanks to inflation And most of them, Angela, are like you, communists. themselves sufficient liquidity to be capitalism has discovered the secret It is not only a revolt of intellectuals or young people, able both to carry through their in­ of avoiding serious economic crises as is sometimes asserted by Western left-wingers to jus­ vestment projects and to make pos­ for good? No. First of all because tify their silence or hesitation. Four weeks ago in Prague sible a rapid turnover of their goods, inflation fails in its aims when pay­ the congress of the "normalized" trade unions (purged to "realize surplus value." ments on debts end up by reducing, of more than 50,000 cadres since 1969) annulled the It would be useless to attempt to rather than increasing, current spend­ decisions of the preceding congress, including the right place the main responsibility for in­ ing. Second, "managed currencies" to strike. The workers are not allowed to have independent flation on either the monopolies, their come into conflict with the require­ trade unions or to fight for their demands or to protest state, or the banks.* These are merely ments of international competition, against the dismissal of comrades, against production three different aspects of the same com­ that is, with the logic of private prop-.·. schedules and bad working conditions. The Workers' plex whole and are inseparably linked erty. Councils, formed in 1968 and dissolved in 1969, have to each other. The essential point to Since each capitalist government a~ . been defined by the party leadership as "instruments of understand is that inflation has be­ plies a credit policy that best corre­ counterrevolution." Isn't that absurd for a so-called "work­ come institutionalized during the sponds to the interests of its bourgeois:~ ing-class" state? epoch of the decline of capitalism­ class, and since this policy also serves When I describe all that, without the slightest pleasure without permanent inflation, the sys­ as an instrument ofinternational coni­ but with shame and sorrow, to my Western friends, they tem could no longer avoid a rapid petition, rates of inflation vary fro~ · reply that of course it's a disagreeable situation but that succession of catastrophic crises of the one imperialist power to another. Un­ one mustn't say so too openly so as not to "play into 1929-1932 type; in short, it could no der these circumstances, "managed" the hands of socialism's enemies," and that one must longer survive, even on a short-term national currencies are less and less start from "a class position." But what "class'·' can benefit basis. suited to play the role of world cur­ if people are arrested without trial, if trade unions are rency, of a universally recognized enslaved, if all free discussion is suppressed, if socialist As a result, the basic cause of in­ flation is not to be found in expanding means of exchange and payment. countries accuse each other of imperialism, betrayal, re­ Each time a country has a rate visionism, and invade each other by turns? military budgets. To be sure, budget­ ary deficits and the weight of arms of inflation greater than that of its If they mean the working class, then that of Czecho­ principal competitors, the laws of the slovakia has made it clear that it does not consider the expenditures constitute an important source of inflation; but these are nei­ market take their revenge upon the present regime socialist. "management" through a balance of That is precisely why you, Angela, and the millions of ther the only source nor even the main payments deficit, and the expansion of people who supported you and believe in a more just source. credit then has to be checked. Thus, socialist society with more freedom, can no longer be To understand this it is necessary during the epoch of the decline of cap­ silent about the violation of human rights in the countries only to look at the inflationary trend italism, the classical industrial cycle that call themselves "socialisf' and by their behavior dis­ in countries like Japan, where military credit socialism more than any reactionary propaganda. spending represents a much smaller overlaps into a "credit cycle," of which That is why I suggest to you and to those who sup­ part of the gross national product the dismal "stop-go" policy of the Tory ported you sincerely, not just for easy demogagic propa­ than in the United States or France. governments in Great Britain has been ganda: Note must also be taken of the dif­ a typical example. D 1) demand the release of all political prisoners in the ferences in the evolution of the ratio world, in Greece, Spain, Portugal, Brazil, Iran, the United between the public debt and the gross States, and also in Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union; national product on the one hand, * It clearly proceeds from this analysis 2) protest against the violation of human rights-espe­ and private debt and the gross that wage increases are a secondary phe­ cially the right to freedom of expression and organiza­ national product on the other. While nomenon that can in no way be said to be a cause of inflation. Assuming that tion, to strike, to emigrate, to work and to study without the first ratio has diminished by more the amount of money in circulation re­ discrimination throughout the world; than half in the United States since the mains stable, an increase in wages would 3) demand the immediate withdrawal of American troops end of the second world war, the sec­ result in a decrease in profits and not from Vietnam and of Soviet troops from Czechoslovakia. ond ratio has more than doubled. at all in inflation. I assure you, Angela, that not only I but many other people are waiting for a reply, or better still for you to act. I don't say that on it depends the fate of our im­ prisoned comrades and the struggle for freedom and in­ dependence of our people. We learned in 1938 that at the moment of foreign aggression we are always alone and must count above all on our own strength. But we should be happy to have you with us, as we have been with you. D World Outlook W0/4

Hugo Blanco still in Argentine prison; campaign launched for his release

The Peruvian revolutionist Hugo his experiences indicate the genuine ported to be better there, Avanzada Blanco, who was arrested in Buenos path of struggle and because, by point­ Socialista indicated that Blanco's sup­ Aires on July 12 and held without ing up the errors of foquismo and porters were not able to see him for charge, remains in the city's Villa De­ guerrilla struggle in isolation from more than a week, in spite of the fact voto prison while the fight to prevent the mass movement through his own that they had been granted permis­ Was ist Ihnen bei einer W ochen­ his deportation from Argentina con­ experience as an armed fighter, he sion to visit him freely. zeitung wichtiger: AktualiHit, Ge­ tinues. The government order expel­ is helping to strengthen the workers nauigkeit, oder Kritik? Keine Frage: Alle drei Kriterien ling him was issued on July 19, but and socialist pole and mass mobiliza­ The Argentine Socialist party im­ Blanco is appealing it in the courts. tions as the road to victory for the mediately launched a campaign for sind wichtig. Nur sie zusammen sind eine Garantie fiir echte In­ The law on which the expulsion or­ workers and the exploited." the release of Blanco and permission der is based was promulgated by the Following his arrest, Blanco was for him to remain in Argentina. The formation. INTERCONTINENTAL PRESS military dictatorship that came to pow­ placed in a tiny cell at the headquar- campaign has now taken on new ur­ bietet Ihnen diese Informationen er in the June 28, 1966, coup. It pro­ gency. According to the August 2 is­ aus der internationalen revolutio­ vides for deporting within five days sue of Avanzada Socialista, Blanco nii.ren Arbeiterbewegung durch ein any foreigner who is held to be a will not be allowed to go to Chile weltweit organisiertes Korrespon­ threat to "national security." It places if he is deported from Argentina be­ dentennetz aus erster Hand. foreigners in Argentina under a kind cause it borders on Peru. Blanco had Abonnieren und lesen INTER­ of permanent state of siege. indicated that he preferred to remain CONTINENTAL PRESS! Blanco's lawyer has appealed the in Argentina, but that if that was not deportation order on the grounds that possible he would choose to go to In case our German friend's mes­ it is arbitrary, since Blanco has done Chile. sage did not come across, here nothing to interfere with social peace, The same issue of Avanzada So­ it is in English: national security, or public order, as cialista reported that more than one the law on aliens stipulates; and on hundred working-class leaders, intel­ "Which is more important for the grounds that banishment consti­ lectuals, and artists have backed the you in a weekly paper: a topical tutes a form of punishment, something defense effort. Among these it listed format, accurate reporting, or crit­ the president is explicitly denied the the following: Alicia Moreau de Justo ical appreciation? right to impose by the Argentine con­ and Jorge Seiser (right-wing Partido "No question, all three criteria stitution. Socialista Popular- Popular Socialist are important. Only together do Since his arrival in Argentina on party); Jorge Mackarz (Frente de they constitute a guarantee for real June 12 from his previous place of Izquierda Popular- Front of the Pop­ news. exile in Mexico, Blanco has limited ular Left); Luis Segovia (Union del "Intercontinental Press gives you his pronouncements on politics to Pueblo Argentino- Union of the Ar­ the news of the international rev­ Peru. "His words irritated Peru's am­ gentine People); Norma Kennedy olutionary workers' movement on bassador," observed the July 26 issue (Partido Justicialista- Justicialista a firsthand basis through a world­ of the weekly Avanzada Socialista, party, the Peronist party); Felipe Al­ wide network of correspondents. published by the Argentine Socialist berti and Luis Narice (Light and Pow­ "Read and subscribe to Intercon­ party {PSA- Partido Socialist a Ar­ er Union of Cordoba); Carlos Mugica tinental Press!" gentino). (a priest). "Hugo Blanco is in prison and is Hugo Blanco Militant/Ben Atwood As a sign of the mounting interna­ Send $7.50 for six months. going to be deported," the newspaper tional support, Avanzada Socialista charged, "because his presence con­ noted the campaign has received the INTERCONTINENTAl PRESS tinues to spur the combativity of those backing of two Uruguayan deputies, P. 0. Box 116, Village Station whom we are increasingly winning ters of the DIPA (Division de Investi­ Zelmar Michelini and Alberto Foro, New York, N.Y. 10014 away from the trap of the Great Agree- gaciones Policiales Antidemocraticas as well as the periodicals Marcha, . ment that the bourgeoisie is setting -Division of Police Investigations in­ El Oriental, and Tendencia Revolu­ for us. to Antidemocratic Activities). The light cionaria. "Hugo Blanco is in prison because in the cell was left on day and night On August 7, Argentina's trade­ his words, his life, and his teachings and Blanco could not even use his union federation, the CGT (Confedera­ by themselves point to the true path handkerchief to cover his eyes without cion General del Trabajo- General that will lead the people to power and permission from the guards. Later he Confederation of Labor), also called to the building of socialism. was transferred to Villa Devoto. Al­ on the government to allow Blanco "Hugo Blanco is in prison because though physical conditions are re- to stay in Argentina. 0

After being in power for less than of the election of the university au­ ernment explanation for the action was a month, the government of Colonel thorities last year. According to the that it was dealing with a "Communist El Salvador Arturo Molina in El Salvador ordered July 28 issue of the Cuban magazine conspiracy." the army to invade the university Bohemia, the court also charged the The violation of university auton­ premises in the capital of San Salva­ authorities with "promoting social in­ omy, which the ruling junta has stated dor and in the cities of San Miguel stability and Communist indoctrina­ that it will no longer guarantee, Army invades and Santa Ana. Tanks were used in tion." sparked a sharp reaction in intellectual the operation July 19. Dozens of stu­ Teaching functions were suspended circles. Eight students took over a dents, a large number of professors, for approximately two months. radio station in an unsuccessful at­ universities, the university rector, vice rector, and tempt to broadcast a denunciation of • st>cretary general, the university's One of the worst "crimes" of the the attack against university autono­ ;ounsel, and the head of the Faculty university leadership, Colonel Molina my. In some cases, students barri­ OCCUpieS of Humanities and Sciences were stated on radio and television, was caded themselves inside university seized. allegedly to have used "state money" buildings. to publish material that "insults free The well-orchestrated invasion of the trade-union "The intervention of the army into enterprise." According to Bohemia, he university "crushed a process of demo­ the university took place minutes after also accused the imprisoned professors cratic reforms within education that the Legislative Assembly, which is con­ of "distributing training manuals on would make study accessible to popu­ headquarters trolled by the ruling party, issued a urban guerrilla warfare." lar sectors by opposing the age-old decree stating its agreement that the The day after troops invaded the discrimination that is economic in ori­ university authorities should be dis­ university, the army occupied several gin," observed Bohemia. "A considera­ missed," reported the Managua, Ni­ trade-union headquarters, including ble broadening of the registration in caragua, daily La Prensa July 21. that of the left-leaning Federacion Uni­ the Faculty of Medicine- traditional­ The decree followed a decision by taria Sindical (United Trade-Union ly the exclusive reserve of the oligar­ the Supreme Court of Justice in favor Federation). Salvadorian newspapers chy- had already been achieved of a challenge to the constitutionality provided few details. The official gov- along these lines." 0 • in New Mexico. led Jose Angel Gutierrez to the con­ The launching of indep~ndent Chi­ clusion that "If you want to imple­ cano political parties was the result ment and see democracy in action.­ of some very real and practical con­ the will of the majority-you are not I·CBICIIO siderations. First of all, La Raza has going to do it in the Democratic Party. not benefited in any fundamental way You can only do· it through a Chi­ from its support to the Democratic cano Party." What then has been the experience 1 Party. Nor has the Republican Party produced on the campaign promises of the young, still relatively small Ra­ 1DPPOB! made to "improve the lot of the Span­ za Unida Party formations? ish speaking." If we judge success only by electoral Inferior education, racist hiring victories, the parties have been success­ practices, over-crowded and dilap­ ful only in a few small towns in South idated housing, and malnutrition is Texas where La Raza c-onstitutes a I PBISIDII!! still the lot of La Raza. And things majority. If, however, we look at the are getting worse not better. The per impact La Raza Unida parties have published by McGovern in the May New York Times, explained this strat­ capita income for Chicano workers had on local, state, and national poli­ 22, 1972, Wall Street Journal, he egy very graphicall~. "The goal of the in 1959 was 40 percent that of An­ tics in places like Colorado, California, stated that "The strength of the Ameri­ American political system is to con­ glo workers. Since then, the income and Texas, we see a different picture. can economy is due mafuly to the dy­ tain protest and rage within the elec­ gap between Anglos and Chicanos has In Colorado, although the R UP has namic growth of the private sector led toral process, thus keeping it from widened. In Texas 52 percent of Chi­ not won any elections, it has become by corporations and other businesses. bursting into the streets as revolution." cano families live in poverty; in New a factor in the politics of that state. It is sound public policy to create And. McGovern's campaign manager, Mexico, 42 percent; 35 percent in Colo­ Through election campaigns, the Colo­ the conditions for business to function Gary Hart, was even more candid rado; 31 percent in Arizona; and 19 rado Raza Unida Party has been able . effectively." when he told the New York Times percent in California. to reach thou~ands of Chicanos, as The question is not whether McGov-· Magazine, "Our strategy all along was . When Rodolfo "Corky" Gonzales well as Blacks and sympathetic An­ ern as an individu~l will refrain from to co-opt the left" wrote into the Plan de Aztlan in 1969 glos, explaining the plight of Chicanos eating boycotted lettuce but whether Most symbolic of McGovern's entire that "political liberation can only come and organizing La Raza to fight for he favors making the kind of funda­ strategy was his visit not only to Cha­ through independent action .on our change. mental changes in this society that vez's bedside but to that of Alabama part, since the two-party system is The Raul Ruiz campaign in the fall are necessary to improve the condi­ Governor George Wallace. How can the same animal with two heads that of 1971 in Los Angeles resulted in the tions faced by most Chicanos. he befriend Wallace and be Chavez's feed from the same trough," he was defeat of a liberal Chicano Democrat, War, racism, economic exploitatio_n, friend too? not theorizing but talking from prac­ Richard Ala_torre, in a district that and the oppression of women are in­ When there is a strike, you cannot tical experience. Gonzales was the first was registered 2-to-1 Democrat. This herent features of capitalism. McGov­ support both the worker and the pa­ Chicano district captain of the Demo­ event shook up politicians of both ern, since he supports capitalism, must tron. But McGovern's strategy is sim­ cratic Party in the history of Denver. capitalist parties and brought the inevitably end up supporting the re­ ·ple. The patron supplies most of the In 1960 he was the Colorado coor­ ideas of the Los Angeles Raza Unida sults of that system. money, and the workers supply most dinator of the ''Viva Kennedy" com­ Party to the attention of thousands of But McGovern uses the rhetoric of of the votes. Who do you think he'll mittee, which helped turn out the high­ Chicanos. many of the movements for social owe his allegiance to? est Democratic vote in the state's his­ In Texas, where the Raza Unida change, and for good reason. His tory. Party is on the statewide ballot with aim is to ride to the White House on Independent political action By working within the . Democratic a full slate of candidates, La Raza the wave of social discontent that has A growing number ·of Chicanos, Party- as many are still advocating has become .a central and important shaken this country in the last few however, have begun to see through that we do today- Gonzales realized campaign issue. Finding some way years. He is attempting to direct all the two-party con game. Because of that although he might improve his to divert or defuse the independent the energy from these movements, in­ the growing disenchantment of LaRa­ own personal career, the masses of direction of the Texas Raza Unida cluding the Chicano movement, into za with both the Democratic and Re­ Chicanos would continue suffering the Party has become a serious preoccu­ support for the very system that op­ publican parties, we have witnessed same degradation, exploitation, and pation of not only the state Democratic presses us, through support to the the emergence of La Raza Unida par­ oppression. Party but of the national committee Democratic Party. ties, first in Texas, then in Colorado, Likewise it was the practical ex­ of the Democratic Party as well. R. W. Apple, writing in the May 5 California, and Arizona, 1and recently per-ience of South Texas politics that . Continued on page J4 ,,·~

"So how could we go to him for any disorient those in Mexico who look · assistance in our struggle for libera­ to Chicanos here as allies in a com­ tion? It would be like going 'to the mon struggle. FOB OF Ll BIZI¥ overseer, if you were a slave, and This has already been borne out asking the overseer to set you free. by articles .that appeared in the July bottling plant and a vegetation dehy­ being feted by California Governor Some people went and think that they 5 mass-circulation Mexican magazine dration plant in the predominantly Ronald Reagan and Los Ang~les May­ got something out of him. My feeling Siempre. In one article, Echeverria Chicano town. According to the July or Sam Yorty while the U. S. Marine · is that history will prove to them that himself explained away the demon­ 7 El Sol de Texas, a Crystal City band played. "From the Halls of Mon­ they actually got nothing." strators that met him by stating that ·delegation has been invited to Mexico tezuma" (the Marine Hymn inspired What did Echeverria get from the they were "badly informed in regard to continue the discussions. by the U. S. occupation of Mexico City Chicano leaders he met with? to what is happening in Mexico, and One cannot help but comment on the in 1847). Romana Banuelos, the U.S. Gutierrez's statements in favor of hav­ they are badly informed as to their hypocrisy of Echeverria's gestures. Treasurer who serves as Chicana win­ ing a cultural and educational ex­ opportunities there [in the U.S.]." And Foreign aid to Crystal City when only dow-dressing for the Nixon adminis­ change and of trying to improve con­ he added, "We encouraged them. We 60 miles away on the Mexican side tration, was present, as were dozens of ditions for Chicanos and m-exicanos spoke with their representatives." of the border, beggars roam the streets other "prominent" Spanish-speaking are admirable. However, subordinat­ and thousands suffer from chronic un­ people. ing criticism of Echeverria in exchange In this same issue, in a commentary employment and hunger? Echeverria, however, did not find for books, medical aid, and even eco­ by Salvador Barragan Camacho, the But even more incredible are state­ it possible to get this demonstration nomic assistance- although greatly point was made to the Mexican left ments by Echeverria that he is sym­ called off nor to meet with Chicano needed by Chicanos-can only serve and the whole nation that "In these pathetic to La Raza Unida Party. Un­ movement leaders. Nacho Uribe, a to disorient La Raza here as to who times in which in Mexico pseudoleft fortunately some R UP activists have leader of CASA, told The Militant that our enemies really are. groups mi~takenly resort to violence taken this for good coin. How can when an envoy of Echeverria ap­ But more important, such political to make themselves heard, the pres­ all this be when Mexico is ruled by proached him to participate in the concessions on the part of Chicano ence of Luis Echeverria in the highest one party, the PRI (Partido Revolu­ banquet honoring the Mexican presi­ leaders are a great disservice to the office is felt even when he finds him­ cionario Institucional- Institutional dent, he calmly replied, "Thank you, Mexican masses struggling against the self far from the fatherland, and his Revolutionary Party)? The PRI has but we don't dine· with the murderer oppressive capitalist regime in Mexico. figure is projected before the eyes of not lost an "election" in more than 30 of students." Without a doubt Echeverria will at­ the world as an authentic defender of years. It brutally suppresses any seri­ CASA leader Bert Corona stated lat­ tempt to get maximum mileage out of the humble and as a standard-bearer ous electoral opposition, not to men­ er in an interview with The Militant such "negotiations" in an attempt to of equality and justice.... " tion the wholesale murder of students, that Echeverria was hoping to "get workers, and campesinos who or­ the blessing of liberal and radical dis­ ganize against the oppressive condi- sident groups and the Chicano move­ tions in Mexico. · ment, using the favorable reception When · Echeverria visited Los An­ that he would get to offset the criticism geles he was also met by demonstra­ that is growing and mounting in Mexi- · tors. CASA (Centro de Acci6n Social co about his inhuman, undemocratic Aut6nomo ), an organization for the and oppressive, repressive policies." defense of the rights of undocumented Corona went on to state, "Our feel­ Raza workers, along with other Chi­ ing was that there was absolutely no cano and radical groups, sponsored point in meeting with Echeverria be­ a picket line of 300 outside th~ posh cause we knew what the real purpose Century Plaza Hotel in Beverly Hills. of his trip was. We knew that he was Among the protesters were supporters a lack~y for American imperialism in of the U.S. Committee for Justice to Mexico and he was a lackey for the Latin American Political Prisoners Nixon administration in this country (USLA). and that he himself. was trying to Inside, the Mexican president was strengthen or to expand his lackey role. Echeverria and Nixon

THE MILITANT/SEPTEMBER 8, 1972 13 ----.--

would endorse him. He said he didn't Raza Unida Party and its opposition • think it was very likely that McGov­ to the Democratic and Republican Tex. RUP: ern would endorse him. parties ~re reaffirmed in the platform. The Chicano party is running a Demands were formulated in behalf ... Chicanos Continued from page 13 full slate of candidates for state of­ of the farm workers, undocumented Muniz workers, students, and prisoners. More Chicanos were present- and • fices and many on a city and county level, particularly in South Texas The following candidates were an­ with more fanfare- at the Democratic Party national convention than at any campa1gn where Chicanos are a majorit~ nounced: Jose Calderon and Maria Arellano for Weld County commis­ other convention in its history. Out of sioners, Jose Muiiiz for state house the convention came a commission makes in District 3 (Denver), Emilia Alva­ headed by Texas State Senator Joe rado. for state house in District 8 Bernal and U.S. Congressman Her­ COlorado (Denver), Tina. Sanchez for state man Badillo of New York to .get out impact the Chicano and Puerto Rican vote house in District 48 (Greeley), Garlos for McGovern. By TANK BARRERA Gonzales for state house in District Raza It is the threat posed by the inde­ HOUSTON, Aug. 25- Certification 50 (Weld County), Ron Martinez for pendent example of the Raz.a Unida for ballot status and a vigorous cam­ state senate in District 50 (Greeley), parties that has forced the Democratic paign for governor by Ramsey Muiiiz and Florencio Grando for University .Unida Party to do some face-lifting and at were two of the high points for Texas of Colorado Board of Regents. least promise to improve things. Raza Unida Party activists this sum­ mer. fields slate Promises, promises 1n a three-week period the indepen­ By AL BALDIVIA But just as quickly as they make dent Chicano party gathered 25,000 GREELEY, Colo.-The Colorado N.Calif. promises, ,they will renege on them signatures of registered voters who Raza Unida Party state convention if given the opportunity. Johnson had not voted in the J>rimaries to held here Aug. 5 approved a party promised peace before the elections comply with the undemocratic Texas platform and announced candidates RUPwins and gave us more war. Nixon prom­ election code. for the November elections. About 150 ised to bring peace and then expand­ Muiiiz has toured throughout Texas. people from all over the state attended. Rodolfo "Corky" Gonzales, state election ed the war. And McGovern is prom­ chairman of the Chicano party, gave ising even more. But his first commit­ the keynote address. He described the ment is to serve the intel'J!sts of the .suit capitalist ruling class whose interests Republican and Democratic parties as "one monster with two heads." He went SAN FRANCISCO - An important the Democratic Party serv~. on to condemn the policies and ac­ partial victory has been won in a suit · . Gutierrez's proposal that we throw tions of the two capitalist parties and by La Raza Unida Party (LRUP). support to Mc"Govern o~ evim Nixon stressed the need for Chicanos to or­ The suit involves LRUP candidate if he "meets half of our demands be­ ganize independently of both parties. Onofre Antonio Abarca in the 13th fore November ... and then wait A platform was unanimously assembly district ·in Alameda County, [until after the elections] and see the adopted after a very democratic dis­ Calif. Although the Chicano party had other half of [the] demands met,"would cussion. The platform deals with the registered more .than 20,000 members not promote the interests of La Raza. problems facing La Raza in Colo­ in California by January of this year, The capit~list ruling class is not par­ rado and throughout Aztlan. The in­ the state's reactionary election laws ticular about which of their two par­ troduction to the platform asserts that deny it ballot status. ties we vote for- as long as we vote "It is the right, responsibility, and ob­ In an attempt to qualify as an in­ for one of the two. ~igatio~ of Chicanos, urban and rural, dependent candidate, Abarca, repre­ Rather than strengthening our bar­ :.to seek and gain control of their lives sented by Legal Aid Society attorney gaining power, voting for either party Larry Baskin, filed suit challenging lessens the threat that an independent the procedure for putting independents Chicano political party poses to the on the ballot. Only seven candidates two-party system, and thus weakens have ever met these highly restrictive the pressure we might exert for· con­ requirements, which include signatures cessions. of at least five percent but no more Even more important, such an ac­ . than six percent of the last vote for tion would seriously miseducate our He has supported various struggles that office (Abarca would have had people about the nature of th" two to collect at least 5, 157, but could not by Chicano students and workers. capitalist parties and strengthen their turn in more than 6, 190). Signatures For example, last· spring he joined illusions that the road to liberation lies striking high school students in Rob­ must be gathered in the 24 days from in looking to one or another section of Aug. 15 to Sept. 7; no one may sign stown who were protesting the rotten our oppressors for salvation. who voted in the primary; and the co~ditions and lack of proper facilities Instead, we should tell the masses candidate may not have voted in the in the school. of our people that the only way we primary or been affiliated with any • More recently, while on tour in El. party in the previous year. are going to bring about either im­ Paso, Muiiiz joined the picket lines Superior Court Judge Spurgeon mediate reforms or fundamental of striking Raza workers at the Farah Avakian declared that "the California change is to rely on our own power- Clothing Manufacturing Plant. He was restrictions are realistically 'suffocat­ a power built through mobilizing our supporting the strikers' boycott of ing'. and make it impossible for the people in struggle against every mani­ stores.· carrying Farah products. Lat­ new voices 'struggling for their place' festation of the oppression we suffer. er, he spoke to a mass meeting of the It is precisely through continually EIGallo to work directly th'ough the ballot strikers. pointing out that neither Democrats Rodolfo 'Corky' Gonz:al es speak­ process." He removed all restrictions Support for the Raza · Unida cam­ on Abarca except the minimum sig­ nor Republicans can be trusted or paign has come from many sources. ing at Chicano antiwar rally. nature requirement and the Sept. 7 depended upon to represent our inter­ A number of officials .of the League deadline for submitting the signatures. ests and by engaging in struggles to of United Latin American Citizens and communities- politically, :eco­ However, since the decision came control our own communities that fun­ (L ULAC), a very moderate civil­ nomically, educationally, and so­ on Aug. 4, it still would have meant damental changes will be brought , rights group, have endorsed Muiiiz. cially." collecting more than 5,000 signatures about. Tony Bonilla, state director of The platform demands an immedi­ in only one month. Although the R UP If Chicanos stopped voting for the L ULAC, not only gave his endorse­ ate end to U.S. involvement in South­ felt it would be unable to complete Democratic Party, it would be defeat­ ment but donated $1,000. Other en­ east Asia. It calls for "a free, inde­ the effort and withdrew from the race, ed in several states. This would weak­ dorsers include State Representative pendent Puerto Rico, and for an end this court decision marks an impor­ en the Democratic ·Party and force Paul Moreno and leaders of many to all U.S. military and economic tant precedent in the long fight against potential allies of La Raza- such as chapters of MECHA (Movimiento intervention in Latin America." the most restrictive election law in the Black people and the labor movement 'Estudiantil Chicano de Aztllm) and The complete independence of the country. ~to reconsider their strategy of look­ MAYO (Mexican-American Youth Or- ing for reforms through working with­ ganization)- Chicano student groups. in that party. A massive Raza Unida Since the Democratic candidate for Party would be a living example that gpvernor is Dolph Briscoe, a million­ would help inspire a political break aire rancher who supported Wallace from the Democratic Party by Blacks at the Democratic national convention, and labor. That would spell the end there are more Texans than usual of that party and the two-party sys­ looking for an alternative to the candi­ RUIZ tem. dates of the two capitalist parties. An Such developments. would strengthen example of this potential for support tlle oppressed and weaken the cap­ was recently reported by Muiiiz. 40th italists. Overturning this rotten 'sys­ He .said he received a phone call tem and replacing it with one in whic:tJ, from a group of Black Houstonians human rights would supersede prop­ who had been at the Democratic con­ erty rights would, present itself as a vention. Their response to Briscoe's serious possibility. support for Wallace_ was: "From now "DEMOCRATIC AND REPUBLICAN PARTIES. The only difference be­ So whether we're talking about im­ on, it's Blacks for Muniz," tween these two parties is the spelling. The only thing the Democratic mediate reforms or the prospect of In a step away from an indepen­ fundamental change, the most effec­ Party has done for our people is to deceive them and use our vote ·dent course, Muniz recently told the tive strategy is building our own inde­ news media in Houston that he would during election time.... We must destroy the myth of the Demo­ pendent power. The local and state endorse Democratic presidential hope­ cratic Party and its supposed rel'evance to our people." From the plat­ campaigns of the Raza l)'nida pa;ties ful· George McGovern if McGovern form of Raul Ruiz, RUP candidate for the California assembly. point the way forward.

14 \. . ~-~ \ AHanta Black workers·in 'wildcat' strike.···· By LYNN HENDERSON put in as many-as 60 hours a week or ATLANTA - Following the lead of risk losing their jobs. predominately Black Sears and Roe­ The work force in the plant is ap­ buck workers who won a major strike proximately 70 percent Black, and here last month, employees of Atlan­ racial slurs and harassment by the · ta's huge M~ad packaging plant supervisory personnel is another ma­ walked off the job Aug. 16. -They shut jor factor in the strike. Strikers charge down the second and third shifts com­ that health conditions, in what ap­ pletely and reduced the first shift to a pears from the outside to be an ultra­ partial operation using a small num­ modern plant; are intolerable. Condi­ ber of scabs and supervisory person­ tions throughout the plant and espe­ nel. cially in the gluing department are Despite the fact that Mead obtained · described by strikers as "unbelievable." an injunction against the strike almost immediately, the predominately Black These' complaints are underscored work force has maintained a spirited by the recent forced retirement of an ··around-the-clock picket line. employee who .contracted emphysema .The. demands of the strikers at from working in the plant. After work­ :"-~~ct which employs more than 1,400 ing at Mead for 20 years, the worker · .-o~s in Atlanta, center on work­ who was forced to retire received a trti·-~d health conditions in the plant, measly $35 a month allotment. He Militant - sp~dup, racial discrimination, "com­ died from his condition shortly after Striking workers and supporters picket Mead packaging plant in Atlanta pulsory" overtime, and inadequate "retiring." medical ana pension programs.. The strike does not have the sup­ The incident that · apparently port of the local union and has been worker who took the initiative to call has lost the right to represent us­ sparked the· strike was the collapse characterized as a wildcat. The At­ a mass meeting of Mead employees and do~n't represent us. .That's of a woman worker, suffering from lanta Printing Specialties ·and Paper Aug. 13. That meeting set up the Mead proved by the fact that 80 percent anemia, who was working "compul­ Products Local 527 and its interna­ Caucus of Rank and File Workers. of the workers are staying off the job sory" overtime. The employee had tional, the international Printing Press­ Miller told The Militant: "The union despite demands from both the bosses been ordered by her physician to limit men, AFL-CIO, have refused to sanc­ .has neglected its responsibilities. It has and the union that we return." - herself to a 40-hour week, but under tion the strike. consistently ignored the rights and de­ One of the strikers' demands is that , the threats and harassment of plant The spokesman for the strikers, mands of the workers and played a the present officers of th,e union resign supervisors, many employees have to Sherman Miller, is a 21-year-oldBlack sweetheart role in the plant. The union Continued on page 22 "' ·Puerto Ricans demand independence at UN By RENE TORRES declared Puerto Rico a "free associated This group inspired the demonstrators NEW YORK, Aug. 23- Three thou­ state" of the United States. to sing the songs of a free Puerto Rico, sand five-hundred young Puerto Ric­ Among those addressing the rally songs which have inspired the cry an militants marched from 43 Street · was a delegation of independentista of liberty from generation to genera­ to 4 7 Street and rallied at the United leaders from Puerto Rico, including tion of Puerto Ricans. Nations Plaza ·on Aug. 18, demand­ · Juan Mari Bras, secretary general of Reflecting the radicalization among ing independence for Puerto Rico. the Puerto Rican Socialist Party. Marl Puerto Ricans both here and on the Bras referred to the UN committee island were hundreds of Puerto Rican The spirit o~ the demonstration was indicated by· a variety of militant as "the last door to a pe~c~ul transi­ and nationalist flags, red banners, chants shouted in unison: "A Vietnam tion to an independent Puerto Rico ani\ posters of Puerto Rican patriots. The pro-independence movement yo no voy, porque yanqui yo no . . . independence is inevitable." sees the UN discussion on the status soy" [To Vietnam I'm not going, be- of Puerto Rico as a means to publicize -cause I'm not a Yankee]; "Silos yan­ Other. speakers from Puerto Rico the struggle against U.S. domination quis no se van, en Boricua moriran" were Pedro Grant, president of the Movimiento Obrero · Unido [United of the island. Cuba's ambassador to [H the Yankees don't leave, in Puerto Labor Movement], and Ruben Be­ the UN, Ricardo Alarc6n Quesada, Rico they will die]. rrios, president of the Puerto Rican submitted· the original resolution to The action was called by a coalition Independence Party. James Forman the committee. The representatives of pro-independence organizations to of the Black Workers Congress, Lor-' from Ecuador, Ch,ina, USSR,. Bul­ coincide with the discussion of the co­ raine Leong of I Wor Quen, Federico garia, Syria, Iraq, and Czecho­ lonial status of Puerto Rico by the Lora of El Comite, and Gloria Fon­ slovakia have spoken in favor of the United Nations committee on colonial­ tanez of the Puerto Rican Revolution­ resolution. ism. This committee, composed of 24 ary Workers Party (formerly the member-nations and headed by Tan­ Young Lords Party) also spoke. AUG. 28- The committee on colonial­ zania, is now considering whether to ism voted today to recognize the "in­ discuss the question of placing Puerto Adding to the enthusiasm of the rally alienable right of the people of Puerto Rico on its list of colonial territories. was entertainment by a Puerto Rican Rico to self-determination and inde­ In the past, attempts to have Puer­ group called El Grupo Taone - El pendence." The vote was 12 to 0 with to Rico's colonial status reviewed Topo, Ray Brown, Pepe and Flora 10 abstentions. Supporters of Puerto · · have been/ blocked by a U.S. veto and Andres Jiminez - better known Rican independence regard the deci­ Claridad/Bambi Bel oval . on the grounds that in 1953 the UN among Puerto Ricans as "El Jibaro." _sion as an important victory. Demonstration at UN Aug. 18 British workers win gains in dock strike By TONY THOMAS class. Bus drivers, miners, printers, The strike remained strong through­ up to '10,000 for workers voluntar­ AUG. 22 - British longshore workers airport workers, engineers, and other out August, loc}ting hundreds of ships ily leaving the industry. have returned to_ work after a month­ worl~ers either struck or threatened to · in BJ.:itish harbors and costing big Militant dock workers who had led long strike following a settlement be­ strike in solidarity with the longshore­ business hundreds of millions of the opposition to the previous agree­ tween union and industry officials men. The Trades /Union Congress, pounqs. The British government was ment also opposed this settlement reached Aug. 16. . the British equivalent of the AFL-CIO, unable to use emergency antistrike leg- . They claimed that it did not give them The key demands of the strike cen­ scheduled a meeting to discuss a gen­ islation because it feared another up­ "assurance that the private wharves tered on job security. British long­ eral strike on July 31 .if the long­ surge in defense of the dock workers. and small ports that are taking con­ shoremen face large-scale unemploy­ shoremen were not freed. On Aug. 16, Jones and the employ­ tainer and other traffic away from the ment because of containerization and On July 27, delegates from all Brit­ ers reached a new settlement with big ports would be covered by union . ---:::: automation, probl'ems also faced by ish ports turned down a back-to-work strengthened provisions on job secu­ agreements." In Jones's settlement U. S. longshoremen who went out on plan supported by Transport and rity. According to the Aug. 17 New these points would be left to futUre qis­ strike last year. General Workers Union General Sec­ York Times,' this agreement includes cussion between the unions and the The strike was called in response to retary Jack Jones. This plan included "guarantees that every man who is employers. the imprisoning of five union militants increasing dock jobs and higher sev­ now registered as a dock worker will On Aug. 16, a meeting of union dele­ on July · 2 1. This deepened solidarity erance pay. Militant· opponents of the be assigned to an employer and given gates approved the settlement. · between the longshoremen and truck­ Jones leadership attacked the settle­ full pay whether there is work for him Opponents of the settlement asso­ ers unions who had been involved in ment because it had insufficient guar­ or n:ot H an employer goes out of ciated with the National Port Shop a jurisdictional battle over the right antees of job security. The delegates business, his workers will be appor­ Stewards Committee-leaders of the to handle containers. voted the settlement down, deciding tioned among the remaining employ­ opposition ,to the July 27 settlement­ Opposition to this attack mush­ to continue the strike by a 38 to 28 ers in the port" In addition, the settle­ physically attacked the meeting. Ac- roomed within the British working ll\argin with 18 abstentions. ment provided for severance pay of . Continued on page 22

·-~ . lHE MILI'I'ANT/SEPTEMBER 8, 1972 15 . : .. ·::-;,~ Hir~hima-Nagasaki Ellsberg trial halted ·act1ons held Aug. 5-9 ~. ·. · . ByDA.NROSENSHINE tions set up antiwar exhibits, which .or -Wiretap revieW Thousands.J.- of activists in more' than were viewed by 2,000 people through- 20 cities across the United States par- out the day. By HARRY RING said, they would waive their right at ticipated in antiwar actions between An evening rally and candlelight LOS ANGELES-A petition was filed the time of selection of a second jury -Aug. 5 and 9 to commemorate the procession of more than 300 to pro- with ·the U.S. Supreme Court Aug. to seek dismissal of the case on 1945 atomic bombings of Hiroshima test the bombing of the dikes in North 23 to review an admission of govern­ grounds of double jeopardy. and Nagasaki. Vietnam followed the exhibition. ment wiretapping involving the de­ The defenda.nts, they said, are not fense seeking victory on technical grounds The .actions were called by the Na- • The Detroit Coalition to End the team of Daniel Ellsberg and An­ but "want-to have a trial on_the merits tional Peace Action Coalition and the War Now sponsored an Aug.. 9 "Hear- thony Russo, defendants in the Penta- gon papers case. of the issues." Student Mobilization Com~ittee, ing on the Air War" attended by .more Ellsberg, who had been a Pentagon NPAC and SMC also issued a joint than 300. The speakers included Emil "I:he trial of Ellsberg and Russo was halted July 29 by Supreme Court Jus- adviser op Vietnam, decided the Pen­ call for international actions together Mazey, secretary-treasurer -of the _tice William Douglas and on Aug. 5 tagon papers should be disclosed to with GENSUIKEN {the Japan Con- United Auto Workers and a national the full court agreed it would review the A~erican people after he came to gress Against A and H Bombs). coordinator of Labor for Peace, and the issue during its session that be­ A common theme of the actions was professor E. W. Pfeiffer, author of 'the gins in October. The court rejected a the comparison between the destruc- recent Scientific American article "The government petition to hold an im­ tion of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Cratering of Vietnam." mediate special session on the matter. 1945 and that caused today by U.S. • A downtown speak-out in Pitts- Defense attorneys Leonard Boudin bombing in Indochina. The weekly burgh drew 400 people on Aug. 7. • and Leonard Weinglass won a halt tonnage of U.S. bombing over Viet- Jerry Gordon, NPAC coordinator, and to the trial after the presiding federal nam now equals many times the ton" Alex Knopp, an antiwar activist who judge, Matt Byrne, inadvertently blurt­ nage dropped on Hiroshima. recently surveyed the destruction in ed out that the government had secret­ • The _Aug. 5 ·New Yor\ action be- · North Vietnam, were among the ly informed him that it had tapped gan with a picket line in Duffy Square, speakers. a phone conversation involving a followed by a march to the Bandshell e Four hundred and fifty people member of the Ellsberg-Russo defense in Central Park. Five to six hundred participated in an Aug. 5 night-time team. · · people participated. march and rally in Hyannisport, Mass. The decision to suspend the trial The .speakers at the NewYork rally Fred Lovgren, national SMC coordi- came immediately after the jury was included Katherine Sojourner, a na- nator, spoke at the rally. selected in• the case. Judge Byrne then · tiona! coordinator of NPAC; Eldon • The Houston Peace Action. Coali- · refused to dismiss the jury that is Clingan, the minority leader of the tion held an-Aug. 6 rally ·attended now s~pposedly expected to keep it­ New York. City Council; Ted. Glick by more .than 200. The speakers in- . self uninformed about the case until of the Vietnam ~Peace Parade Commit- eluded two participants in the Free- the trial resumes sometime this winter. tee; B. R. Washington, 'Socili'list Work- port Dow Chemical strike, who re- Revelation of the government wire­ ers Party candidate in the 19th C. D.; _ ve~led that Dow is producing war gas tap came in response to a defense and Jose Stevens, Communist Party in Freeport through a dummy cor- motion for disclosure of electronic sur­ candidate in the 19th C. D. Represen- poration. veillance. In an initial brief, the gov­ tatives of the Irish Republican Clubs, · e In Minnesota a four-day series ernment · said there was none. How­ ever, ill a subsequent brief it added, Daniel Ellsb~rg the Women's N" ation~l Abortion Ac- of . activities was held in the Twin "except as may hereafter be disclosed t\on Coalition, and the People's Party Cities by the ad hoc Hiroshima- Week to the Court in camera [in secret]." also spoke. Committee. The activities included an In the course of defense objection realize how they were being duped • An Aug. 5 action of 400 in San Aug. 5 march of 125 and an Aug. 8 that this was purposefully vague, about the true nature of U.S. aggres­ Francisco began wi~ a commemora- Nagasaki memorial held in St. Paul Judge Byrne apparently slipped and sion in Vietnam. tion ceremony for the victims of Hiro- and addressed by the city's mayor.. disclosed th!it the government had in After publication of the papers in shima and Nagasaki held at the Jap- • Boston, Chicago, and Cinci~atl fact already secretly informed him of the summer of 1971 in the New York anese Trade Center Peace Pagoda. each had antiwar actions of 250. Other one case of such surveillance.· Aston­ Times and elsewhere created a politi­ About 100 Asian-Americans partici- actions were held in Atlanta, St. Louis, ishingly, he has refused to disclose cal furor, Ellsberg and Russo were pated, ~nd representatives of the Jap- Cleveland, Denver, Portland, Tucson, the facts about it because it ~llegedly indicted on charges of conspiracy, anese-American community addressed Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Providence, involved a "foreign intelligence instal­ theft of government "property," and the ceremony. A survivor oJ the Hiro- and Willimantic, Conn. lation." violation of the Espionage Act. shima blast chaired the gathering. e In Japan, several hundred Tokyo He said that the bugged conversa­ Judge Byrne asserted that since the 'A. march and rally followed the com- demonstrators tried to block the ship- tion involved one of the attorneys or trial had been suspended by the Su­ memoration. Hanna Takashigi C!f the ment of U.S. tanks to Vietnam on Aug. defense consultants. The defense, Judge preme Court he could not act on the Student Mobilization Committee and 5. More than 40,000 people gathered Byrne insisted, must simply take his motion to dismiss the jury. Kathryn Pon of the Northern Cali- in Hiroshima on Aug. 6 to commem- word for it that the conversation re­ According to a special report of the fornia Peace Action Coalition were orate the 1945 bombing. corded by the Justice Department had Pentagon Papers Peace Project, Judge among therally speakers. • Actions were also held in Van- no relation to the case and therefore Byrne then instructed the jury as fol­ The next day another antiwar action, couver, Canada, and Glasgow, Scot- did not violate the constitutionality lows: initiated by the Bay Area Asian Co- land. guaranteed attorney-client privilege of "If you happen to see or hear any­ alition Against the War, was· held in The Hiroshima-Nagasaki actions private communication. thing relating to the trial on radio San Francisco. Four hundred people marked the beginning phase of prep-a­ When the trial was halted; the de­ or TV, turn it off or walk out of the participated, about one-half of them rations for the fall actions called by fense attorneys sought unsuccessfully room. Have someone in your family -Asian-Americans. A rally at the Japan the recent Los Angeles conference of to have the jury dischatged. They go through the newspaper each day Trade Center Peace Pagoda was fol- the National Peace Action Coalition. presented a motion. that BoudJn said and clip out all articles relating to the trial. . . . You may go now until lowed by a march to the Presidio The fall actions, scheduled for· Oct. "may be a first." If the judge would . discharge the present jury, the defense further notice." Army base protesting the use of atomic 26 and Nov. 18, will demand the im­ weaponry and chemical and biologi- mediate and unconditional withdrawal cal weapons against Asians. of all U. S. forces from Southeast Asia. • The Washington (D. C.) Area Initial material for the fall actions Peace Action Coalition sponsored a -posters, buttons, stickers, and bro- day-long.- antiwar exhibition on Aug. chures- is now available from NPAC, NPAC meet plans fall actions; 5 with the theme "Vietnam is Today's 150 Fifth Avenue, Room 437, New Hiroshima." More than 20 organiza- York, N.Y. 10011. antiwar education stressed PHILADELPHIA - The national American people about the murderous . steering committee of the National U.S. bombing being carried out in Peace Action Coalition (NPAC) met Indochina. here on Aug. 27 and discussed plans A task force was established to co­ for nationwide antiwar protests this . ordinate educational activity on a na­ fall. tionallevel. Picket lines of federal buildings are The steering committee issued a l scheduled for Oct. 26, followed by statement condemning the federal "con­ mass demonstrations set for Nov. 18. spiracy" indictments against six lead­ The acti~ns were called at the recent ers of the Vietnam Veterans Against NPAC .national conference in Los An­ ...the War involved i.D. organizing anti­ geles. war actions at the Republican conven­ The weekend meeting was attend­ tion. ed by more than 100 people from The next NPAC national steering local antiwar grwps. committee meeting is scheduled- for Boston on Oct. 8. An expanded na­ A major_ report was given by James tional steeririg committee meeting of Lafferty, an NPAC coordinator, who the Student Mobilization Committee is stressed th~ need for educating the slated for Boston on Oct. 7.

16 • GOP convention-Nixon ·puts on slick show . By CAROLINE LUND self-confident in projecting himself as or privately run, voluntary, compre­ itics by cultivating the image of an One of the most prominent themes of a "peace candidate" while he rains hensive, quality day-care services, lo­ open, democratic organization, the the Republican national convention bombs on Indochina? Only four cally controlled but federally assisted, Republicans tried to do the same thing was expressed by Representative Ger­ months ago , he had to go on TV, with the requirement that the recipients by eliminating any political contro­ ald Ford (R-Mich.) when he said the sweating and defensive, to try to jus­ of these services will pay their fair versy and staging their convention reelection of Richard Nixon to the tify to the American people his deci­ share of the costs according to their for television viewers. The "Richard· presidency would -mean "the greatest sion to mine and blockade North Viet­ ability." The right of women to abor­ opportunity for peace in the history nam. News commentators pointed to tion, however, was not even raised of mankind." the risk of a nuclear confrontation, in the convention. Nixon, the peacemaker! The double­ and many young people were ready Appealing to youth, the Republican Lettuce-eaters speak was so outrageous that even for protests. platform calls for lowering the age of "Elephants like lettuce." That was prominent columnists in the capitalist But the worldwide revulsion at Nix­ majority to 18 for all purposes. the message on huge buttons newspapers couldn't stomach it. An­ on's mining and bombing was dealt Trying to cash in on discontent over worn by delegates at the Repub~ thony r.ewis of the New York Times a sevel"e blow by the Moscow summit. economic problems, the Republicans Iicon national convention to ex­ called it "obscene." The Kremlin bureaucrats -who claim~'­ tried to assert that the wage controls Anyone listening to the convention to be the best defenders of the Viet­ were cutting down inflation and Nix­ press their opposition to the let­ would not get an inkling that an ac­ namese - welcomed Nixon to "talk on's policies were reducing unemploy­ tuce boycott called by the United tual war continues in Southeast Asia. peace" rather than condemning his ment. Even the New York Times, a Farm Workers Union. During the The crude propaganda film shown, genocidal war policy. The Peking and mouthpiece for a section of the ruling Republican convention in Miami describing Nixon's four years in of­ Moscow bureaucratl;l thus aided Nix­ class, felt the Republican demagogy Beach, California Governor Ron­ fice, made no mention of his escala­ on in his election-year attempt to fool regarding the economy was too crude tion of the war and inv-asion of Cam· the world's people and the American to let pass. The Times pointed out ald Reagan and Secretary of Ag­ bodia in May of 1970, nor of thE . people that he is trying to bring about editorially Aug. 22 that unemploy­ riculture Earl Butz held a. news massive protest by the American peo· peace. ment under Nixon has risen from 3.2 conference to denounce the boy­ ple in response to this move. In addition to appealing demago­ percent in 1969 to just under 6 per­ cott. Butz urged Americans to "eat In his Aug. 22 and 28 columns, gically to the desire of the American cent for the past months, and that all the lettuce you want." Anthony Lewis notes that, far from people for an end to the Vietnam war, consumer prices continue to rise. Reagan and Butz felt compelled being a "peacemaker," Nixon has· "in­ the Republican strategists employed ·The one section of the population tensified American destruction of the other lies, as well as concessions, in that didn't receive even demagogic or 'to hold the news conference, they shattered societies of Indochina." In · their attempt to cast as wide a vote­ token concessions from the Repub­ said, because the Democratic con­ three and a half years, Nixon has catching net as possible. licans were the Blacks, Chicanos, and vention last month had given a dropped more bombs on Indochina As an overture toward the labor other oppressed nationalities. Rather, "false _impression" of overwhel­ than Lyndon Johnson did in four vote, the Republican platform praises the Republicans appealed to racist sen~ ming support for the boycott. years. Twice as many B-52s are now the record of the trade unions and timents by expressly opposing busing being used than ever before. The Nix­ omits supporting right-to-work laws, to achieve equal education for Black on administration is accountable for as.the 1968 platform did. children; opposing hiring quotas to Nixon Show," as one television com­ more than one-third of American ca­ The Republicans adopted a plank assure Blacks the right to some good mentator referred to the convention, sualties in the war-not to mention on women's rights for the first time. jobs; and opposing housing desegre- was replete with maudlin films, a the much greater Vietnamese casual­ It contains support for ratification of 1 gation projects.· script for the entire convention that ties. the Equal Rights Amendment as well While the Democrats attempted to even included the "spontaneous" ap- How could Nixon be so smug and as for "the development of publicly. attract new supporters to capitalist pol- Confinuecl on page 22 1,200 arrested in Miami Beach .protests By LAURA MILLER MIAMI BEACH, Aug. 26...,.Police ar- .. rested more than 1,200 antiwar dem­ onstrators during three days of pro­ test actions here while the Republican national convention met to renomin­ ate Richard Nixon for president. Most of the arrests took place on Wed., Aug. 23 as over 1,000 protesters at­ tempted to prevent Republican dele­ gates from entering the Miami con­ vention center and tie up traffic in North Miami Beach. All but five of .·those arrested have since been released. The Wednesday action was the cul­ mination of a series of marches, ral­ lies, and other activities organized by Militant/Laura Miller the Miami Convention Coalition, an March down 'Street Without' Joy' dramatized opposition to war (1). Demonstrators ad hoc formation that included the surrounded by police (r). People's Coalition for Peace and Jus­ tice (PCPJ), ·Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW), New York's Attica testimony of the damage being done of the National Welfare Rights Orga­ "Any reservations we have aboutMc­ Brigade, Students for a Democratic by U.S. bombs: nization, Daniel Ellsberg, and others Govern, still we must do everything in Society, and a number of other "I saw the dikes ... and I bear spelled out the theme of the demon­ our power to see him elected." groups. The actions were called in sup­ witness to' the fact that they are being strations. As Davis expressed it, "We Young Socialists for Jenness and port of the Provisional Revolutionary .bombed and it is on purpose. . . . are going to do to Ri~hard Milhouse Pulley (YSJP), including members of Government of South Vietnam's Seven We must do anything and everything Nixon what we did to Lyndon Baines the Young Socialist Alliance, were Point Peace Program. to preserve the Vietnamese and ensure Johnson.... We are . going to con­ present at the demonstrations, cam­ Other activities included a. Vietnam­ them freedom and independence. Vot­ front the Dinosaur Republican Party paigning against the candidates of ese Cultural Ev~nt on Sunday evening, ing is one way but it is only the be­ and shake this convention to its fascist both the Democratic and Republican a Monday afternoon march of more ·ginning.... " core.... " parties. Their literature table in Fla­ than 1,000 led by the VVAW to a One of the week's most dramatic Dellinger explained, "We will- not ac­ mingo Park was a focal point for National Guard encampment, and a events was the "Street Without Joy'' on cept the nomination of a war criminal many animated discussions with pro­ rally against repression of more than Tuesday evening. More than 2,000 as president.... [However] we must McGovern · demonstrators, and they 3,000 held on Monday night in honor demonstrators, many wearing w-hite­ issue a warning to McGovern. It was distributed thousands of pieces of So­ of slain Soledad Brother George Jack­ face and Vietnamese garb, paraded people in the streets ... that was the cialist Workers Party campaign litera­ son. Bobby Seale and William Kunst­ silently through the streets to the background which forced McGovern ture and sold 225 Militants. More than ler were among the speakers at this sound of a drum roll. Among those from a weak candidate into a pri­ 50 people signed up for more informa­ rally. participating were many Vietnam vet­ mary winner. . . . He said he was tion about supporting the Jenness-Pul­ Chanting, "No more rape in Viet­ erans, including some in wheelchairs 1,000 percent for Eagleton and he ley campaign, and 25 people endorsed nam, no more rape at home," more and others on crutches. yielded.... Although we believe that the campaign. than 500 women marched on Mon­ Many senior citizens stood on their McGovern is sincere in his pledge to Typical of soine of the responses day afternoon from Flamingo Park, porches in South Miami Beach and ex­ end the war, if we abandon him to given the YSJPers and one from a campsite for the demonstrators, to a pressed their support to the antiwar . . . the invisible government that has young Chicago woman who looked rally in front of the convention hall. movement as the demonstrators never been elected, then his pledge to over a copy of the SWP platform and Th.ere they were addressed by anum­ passed by. The demonstration ended end the war will be no better than his said: ber of female activists, including with guerrilla theater at the conven­ pledge to back Eagleton.... " "This looks pretty good. I used to Ericka Huggins of the Black Panther tion site, complete with simulated dike That a majority of the demonstra­ support McGovern, but now I'm not Party, Mary Scoblick of the Harris­ bombings and air-raid sirens. tors supported George McGovern's so sure. Eyery time I hear him speak burg Seven, and antiwar actress Jane Following this, a rally addressed candidacy was evidenced by the cheers he says jomething different. I want Fonda, just returned from a trip to by Rennie Davis and Dave Dellinger and applause that greeted Daniel Ells­ candidatl!s who stick to their pr~~ North Vietnam. Fonda gave moving of PCPJ, Jane Fonda, George Wiley berg when he said: ciples." · 1 .

THE MIUTANT/SEPTEMBER 8, 1972 17 Majority in U.S. now favor/ By Any right to abortion, says poll· By CINDY JAQUITH mea'sures. Sixty-four percent of the American people now The results of this new survey are all the more significant in light of the moves by state and fed­ Means support repeal of all anti-abortion laws, according to a new Gallup poll. This rise in pro-abortion eral legislators and the Catholic Church hierarc~y sentiment is an important index of the growing to roll back the gains won by the pro-abortion impact of the abortion law repeal movement. movement. The poll also exposes Democratic presi­ Necessary The Aug. 25 New York Times took special note denHal candidate George McGovern'S claim that of the factthat a majority-56 percent -of Catho­ abortion is "irrelevanf' to American politics. RHODESIA OUSTED FROM OLYMPICS: Pro­ lics in this country now agreethat "The decision to Abortion law repeal activists around the country tests and threats of withdrawal forced the ouster have an abortion should be made solely by a will be able to use this new survey to build sup­ of Rhodesia from the 20th Olympic Games just woman and her physician." This information seri­ port for the Oct. 21-22 International Women's . four days before the opening ceremonies. The Inter­ ously undercuts the claim of the Catholic Church Tribunal on Abortion, Contraception, and Forced national Olympic Committee (IOC), a band of hierarchy that its reactionary anti-abortion cam- Sterilization. The ·tribunal was jnitiated by the princes, lords, and magnates that cQordinates the . paign speaks for all Catholics. Women's National Abortion Action Coalition Olympics' functioning, barred Rhodesia after orig­ Support for abortion law repeal has risen sharply (WONAAC). inally inviting the apartheid-dominated country during the past four years, said the Times. In The changing attitudes of the U.S. public toward to participate. This action was a worthy climax to weeks of 1968, surveys indicated that less ~han 15 percent abortion have also been reflected in new court ,/ favored women's right to abortion. The figure rulings on the abortion laws. protests ranging from individual athletes and or­ jumped to 40 percent in November 1969, and to On Aug. 24 a three-judge constitutional court ganizations to governments opposing the white 50 percent in October 1971. in New York overturned the directive from the settler-state's- participation in the games. Even the The Gallup poll found even greater support State Social Services Commission barring Medi­ United Nations Security Council warned that Rho­ among those surveyed for the distribution of birth caid payments for abortions. desia's participa~ion would be a violation· of its control devices and information to teen-agers. In Michigan the State Court of Appeals ruled sanctions against that country. Eleven African na­ Seventy-five percent of the total sample of 1,574, Aug. 24 that therapeutic abortions may be per­ tions; several Latin American countries; and India, including 68 percent of the Catholics, favored such formed in the state up through the third month of Jamaica, and other countries had threatened to pregnancy.· Previously, Michigan's law had been boycott the games altogether unless Rhodesia was interpreted to allow abortions only to ' save the barred. In addition, many African-Americans, life of a pregnant woman. some of the U.S. squad's best athletes, threatened Anti-abortion forces are continuing their cam­ not to participate unless appropriate actions were paign, however. In New Jersey Dr. Robert Living­ taken against Rhodesia. ston, a gynecologist who has stated publicly that Rhodesia was excluded from the 1968 Olym­ he is performing abortions, was indicted Aug. 24 pics, but the IOC, headed by Avery Brundage, with charges of "conspiracy, intent, and attempt apparently hoped to slip Rhodesia back into the to commit an abortion." games this year by pawning its athletes off as Authorities are trying to charge Livingston part­ "British subjects" competing under the British flag. ly on the basis of a state anti-abortion law that (Rhodesia split from the British empire in 1964, was ruled unconstitutional last March by a three­ charging Britain with interfering in its internal judge federal court. This blatantly illegal move affairs.) Oddly, these very same Rhodesian sym­ has already begun to stir protests· by New J-ersey pathizers, with Brundage heading the list, . were Militant/Lora Eckert women supporting Livingston. the first to . cry "dirty politics" at the ouster of Rhodesia this year. Following Rhodesia's ouster, Brundage an­ Women's marches & rallies nounced his resignation as president of the IOC. commemorate August 26 By CAROL LIPMAN cago, Boston, Philadelphia, Cleveland, Denver, Los AUG. 27- Women took to the streets in New York Angeles, and other cities. City Aug. 25 to commemorate the flfty-second The size and character of this year's Aug. 26 anniversary of the winning of women's suffrage. actions were uneven. The relatively small size of Estimates of the size of the march range from m·ost of the actions did not reflect the potential 2,000 to 5,000. that exists for large-scale demonstrations of the Signs and banners leading many of the con­ growing sentiment for women's liberation. The tingents showed participation from a broad range Aug. 26, 1970, demonstration in New York, for oJ women's groups and political organizations, example, drew 35,000 women around demands including Sl!aten Island National Organization for for abortion, child car~, and equal job and edu­ Women (NOW), New York Radical Feminists, cational opportunities. Women's' National Abortion Action Coalition The New York August 26 Coalition sponsored African World/R. Douglass (WONAAC), Radicalesbians, New York NOW,. this year's inarch. While initially quite broad, by The. Aug. 19 African World reports that long­ Manhattan Women's Political Caucus, Socialist the time of the demonstration it was limited to shore workers at the Dund~lk Marine Ter­ Workers Party, Young Socialist Alliance, Com­ groups such as the New York Radical Feminists, minal in Baltimore,- Md., refused to unload munist Party, and Young Workers Liberation the Wom~n's Center, and Radiealesbians. League. a nickel shipment fron'l Rhodesia on Aug. 1 The WONAAC literature table at the rally sold While formally part of the coalition, NOW con­ _in solidarity with a picket line of 100 Blacks centrated on organizing small actions of its own $100 worth of buttons and collected 700 signatures rather than helping to build the .main Aug. 25 protesting U.S. trade with racist regimes in on petitions supporting the Abortion Rights Act, demonstration. Jacqui Ceballos, eastern regional Africa. introduced, into the U.S. Congress by Representa­ coordinator of NOW, was quoted iii the Aug. 23 tive Bella Abzug (D-N. Y.). New York Post as saying, "If we don't have every­ 'PSYCHOLOGICALLY DISTURBED' COPS AS­ On Aug. 26 a feminist teach-in held in San Fran­ body, it will be a~gay march, and we need every­ SIGNED TO BLACK COMMUNITY: Represen­ cisco drew 500 women from the Bay Area. body to come together." Ceballos's thinly-vei:J.ed tative Ralph Metcalfe ( D: Ill.) recently conducted WONAAC initiated the conference, which was en­ gay-baiting was an exc'use for not seeking to in­ a series of public hearings on police brutality in dorsed by· a broad range of groups, including volve the NOW membership in building the ac­ Chicago. the Berkeley and San Francisco NOW chapters, tion. Militant correspondent Andrea Land reports on Female Liberation, Independent Campus Wom-­ Barely half the marchers in the New York ac­ the hearings: "Two psychologists, both former en, National Welfare Rights Organization, Union tion attended the rally, where the speeches reflect­ consultants to the Chicago Police Department, WAGE, and others. ed the narrowness of the coalition. Most of the agreed that there is no adequate method of psycho­ Highlights of the teach-in were an international speakers represented organizations whose perspec­ logical testing currently used in the selection of women's panel and the sessions _·on the interna­ tive is to counterpose work in small consciousness­ policemen. Dr. Evrum Mendelsohn of the Elm­ tional abortion tribunal called by WONAAC,. on· raising groups ·and "self-help" clin_ics to building hurst Psychological Center testified that police can­ female sexuality, and on the Equal Rights Amend­ mass actions. Rally organizers opposed inviting didates are given no psychological testing of any ment. Dr. Barbara Roberts to speak, although WONAAC kind until after they have been hired by the po­ In Atlanta a march and rally on Aug. 26 at­ was active in the coalition from its inception. lice department. . . . candidates who do poorly tracted 175 women- the biggest feminist action .9armen Perez of the Puerto Rican Women's Com- on the psychological tests or who demonstrate ever held in the city, according to march orga­ mission even drew applause from the dwindling personality problems while undergoing training nizers. The Georgia Women's Abortion Action Co­ crowd when she attacked the feminist movement, in the police academy are classified as 'calculated alition and NOW sponsored and actively built the saying, "The women's liberation movement is [on­ risks.' These men are then assigned to 'stress areas' demonstration. ly] for ·prospering, white, middle-class women." in Chicago's Black and Brown ghettos.'' Three hundred fifty women participated in a fair In Philadelphia, organizers of an Aug. 26 rally Other revealing facts were brought out in the and rally in Washington, D. C., on Aug. 26. Dr. of 150 voted to exclude political parties from the hearing, according to Land. A team of law stu­ Barbara Roberts, a WONAAC national coordi­ coalition- a motion aimed primarily at the So­ dents from Northwestern Hniversity found that nator, was one of the rally speakers. Several wom­ cialist Workers Party and the Young Socialist Al­ at least 79 civilians. were killed by Chicago police en signed up at the WONAAC literature table to liance. The rally organizers even tried to prevent last year. This is three times the number killed in testify at the abortion tribunal and 150 women SWP and YSA members from passing out leaflets New York, Los Angeles, or Detroit. Seventy-five signed the Abortion Rights Act petition. at the rally that called for an open; democratic per~ent 'of these victims were Black. Actions around Aug. 26 also were held in Chi- women's movement. -BAXTER SMITH

18 \ ~ .. ::~ ., Tombs Three acguiHed .., . D.A. charges that jury· was too 'political' , By DEBBY WOODROOFE seriousness of their 20-hour delibera­ tancy. Attorney Robert Markfield told NEW YORK, Aug. 26- The Aug. 18 tions. According to the Aug. 25 New the jury, "They picked menwho were verdict of not guilty on · all ' charges Yotk Post, all the jurors, except two well-kno:wn and whose prosecution reached in the trial of three alleged who could not be reaehed, indicated would put fear in the inmate _com­ leaders of the 1970 prison uprising they would sign the letter. munity." at the Manhattan House of Detention The acquittal is particularly signifi­ ·for Men (the Tombs) has set off .a The evidence presented to the jucy during the 12-week trial was, at best, cant ·in light of Judge Harold Birn's heated public debate among various refusal to hear testimony relating to New York City officials. This victory, contradictory and inconsistent. Prose­ cuting Attorney John Fine based his the conditions Jn the Tombs that the along with other recent acquittals such defense claims led to and justified the· . as that of Angela Davis, has forced case on the charge that the three defen­ dants had allegedly kidnapped and rebellion. In his concluding words_to reco~ition that it is increasingly dif- \ · the jury, Birns reiterated this pC:isitio~ ficulh--no matter how elaborately the ter.rorized hostages during the rebel­ lion. Actual testimony indicated, how­ by offering an analogy. "An armed precautions-to find jurors unaffected robber," he . s~id, "would net be ex­ by the radicalization and willing to ever, that defendants Ricardo DeLeon and Nathaniel Ragsdale.-had merely cused if he wanted to use_the money simply rubber-stamp the judge's opin­ to buy a home in a better neighbor­ ion. been spectators in the uprising, and that Curtis ~rown had stepped into hood or if he wanted t6 send his chil- District Attor~ey Frank Hogan, no­ dren to college." torious for his vindictive prosecution the leadership in order to prevent un­ necessary violence either to ·the hos­ Two other inmates- Stanley King of Blacks and Puerto .Ricans, set off and Herbert X Blyden-remain to be the dispute by terming the acquittal tages or to inmates. Finding himself unable to provide tried in connection 'lll!'ith the same up­ "a hideous miscarriage of justice" and the jury with testimony to prove his rising. Blyden was later a leader of "a political statement." Referring to case, Fine fell back on demagoguery.. - the 1971 Attica rebellion. Hogan's other re<:ent acquittals, Hogan went In summing up the state's case in a violent · reaction to the acquittal has on to remark, "This is a new ball led another city official-William van­ four-hour speech that quoted authori-' game. What we face in this type of den Heuvel, head o( the Board of Cor­ ties ranging from The Bible to Dick­ case is jurors making political state­ rections- to challenge his ability .to ens, Fine turned to the jury and asked, ments and not doing what their oath fairly prosecute the remaining defen­ "By what right, by God, by what right requires them to do-returning a ver­ dants. Vanden Heuvel has called on dict based on the evidence adduced by did those men do that to these men, Governor Rockefeller to appoint a spe­ to their lives, to their families?" witnesses. . . ." cial prosecutor for these cases. Those Several of the jurors immediately Defense attorneys claimed in their involved in organizing King's and issued a letter to Hogan, demanding concluding comments that the trial Blyden's defense are asking that the Tombs -prisoners during 1970 that he repudiate his attack on the was aimed at curbing prisoner mili- cases be dismissed. protest. Study documents CIA part in heroin traffic By ERNEST HARSCH Asian traffickers; and active engage­ the documentation" and to see if "some Triangle area. Out of all that, this is . For the 'past few months the Central ment "in the transport of opium 'and of the statements might be harmful all they (the CIA) could come up with. Intelligence Agency (CIA) has been heroin." to the government." The publishing They're only criticizing about 2 per trying to harass and intimidate Har­ t firm agreed. cent of my total information." per & Row, Inc., into making changes McCoy supports his charges with McCoy protested that "submitt~ng the After this abysmal failure by the in a bo.ak by Alfred McCoy entitled documentation and illustrations. For manuscript to the CIA for prior l'eview C lA to "prove beyond doubt" that Mc­ The Politics of Heroin in Southeast example, Air America, "which is really is to agree to take the first step to­ Coy's facts were wrong, Harper & Asia. The publishing house has de­ a CIA charter airline," he says, has ward abandoning the First Amend­ Row announced that the book would cided, however, to bring oufthe book been actively involved in transporting ment protection against prior censor­ be released in its original' forrn on in its original form despite C lA pres­ opium product$ out of Laos. His ship." He also said that "visits by the Aug. 17. · sure. sources . include former Laotian Chief CIA to Harper & Row, the telephone "The most remarkable thing .about of Staff Ouane Rattikone (himself a calls, and the letters are extralegal at­ the CIA's critique," said McCoy, "is The book documents the production suspected drug smuggler); Laotian tempts by the CIA to harass and in­ that the agency actUally admittedthat and trafficking of heroin in Southeast Air Force Commander General Thao timidate me and my publisher.". - . one of its own mercenary army_. com­ ·Asia and the CIA's involvement with Ma, a U. S. Agency for International manders, Laotian General Chao La, it. McCoy says, "American diplomats Development officer ht Laos; and Mc­ After reviewing the bdok, the ClA was running a heroin lab in north­ and secret agents have been involved Coy's own interviews with officials in submitted a critique tQ Harper & Row western Thailand. Although the CIA

in the narcotics traffic at three levels" Laotian villages. 1 that denied a very small portion of the said it destroyed his laboratory in ...:.complicity by allying with groups The C!A responded by asking Har­ documentation.. McCoy responded that mid-1971, it had been operating since· engaged in drug traffic; abetting the per & Row .to letthem see the galley "there are over 200 pages of material 1965 with the agency's full knowl- traffic by covering up for Southeast proofs of the book in order to "check on American operations in the Gohlen edge." Baci,st doctors .let Blacks die of srphilis By ERNEST HARSCH directly due to syphilis or to its side effects, su~;u product of their- social schooling, as were the doc­ Jean Heller, in an Associated Press story pub­ as heart disease. The 7 4 who survived continued tors who experimented on Jews in Hitler's concen­ lished in the July 26 issue of the Washington Post, to suffer the effects of the disease, such as blind­ tration camps. revealed the grisly facts of a barbarous experiment ness; deafness; deterioration of bones, teeth, and But lias the racism in the medical profession undertaken in Tuskegee, Ala. the central nervous system; insanity; and heart changed much since the 1930s and 1940~ as The Tuskegee Study, as it was called, was held disease. The benevolent PHS officials say that Dr. Millar contends? He says, ·"The study began under the direction of the federal Public Health · the survivors will get "whatever aid is possible." when attitudes were much different on treatment Service (PHS). It was designed to determine Conveniently enough, as Heller points out, "PHS and experimentation. At this point in time, with ·. through autopsies what damage untreated syph­ · offici~s responsible for· iliitiating the Tuskegee our current knowledge of treatment and the disease ilis does to the human body. Study have long since retired and current PHS and the revolutionary change in approach to hu­ .The experiment began in 1932 and lasted until officials said. initially · they did not know t1\,eir man experimentation, I don't believe the program the present year when facts about it became more identity." · would be undertaken." widely known. It involved 600 Black men. Two Later,_ however, health officials named Dr. J. R. He is apparently unaware, or unwillfug to ad­ hundred had· no syphilis, 200 had it but were Heller as one of those responsible, although those mit, that hundreds of Black and Chicano people treated, and 200 were allowed tQ suffer the disease guilty of witholding the penicillin are still unknown. die every day in this country because of the lack. and its side effects without treatment-even after As Dr. J.D. Millar said, "I doubt that it was a of adequate and inexpensive medical care. Nor does penicillin was discovered as a cure for syphilis. one-man decision. These things seldom are." Millar he seem to be conscious of the recent experiments PliS officials say that if treatment had begun in is chief of· the venereal-disease branch of the Atlanta on Chicano women in San Antonio, Texas, to .. the 1940s, when penicillin became widely avail­ Center- for Disease Control and now is in charge test birth control pills, allowing many of them able, many of the victims could have been saved. of what remains of the Tuskegee Study. to become pregnant against their will. Instead, the officials responsible continued the Even if the names were known, the responsi­ Contrary to Dr. Millar, these racist medical experiment, providing the participants with free bility for this horrendous · experiment cannot be practices can only be changed when this racist transportation tl5 and from hospitals, free hot placed on their shoulders alone (although they system is changed. Then Black people can en­ lunches, Iree medical treatment for ailments other should be dealt with as murderers) but on this sure that no rriore Tuskegee Studies take place ·than syphilis, and-free burial. capitalist system that thrives on racism and fhe and that medicine becomes responsive to the needs Of the 200 untreated Blacks, 126 died, either oppression __ of Black people. The doctors were a of all Black and poor people.

THE MIUTANT/SEPTEMBER 8, ·1972' 19 In RevieW

historical development of La Raza and lthe bronze continent, we are a nation, ference. the evolution of Chicano nationalism we are a union of free pueblos, we Vidal points out that the oppression Pamphlets during the 1960s. are Aztlan." of Chicanas is three-fold: as work­ In the formation of this nationalist The plan not only represents the ers, as members of an oppressed na­ sentiment Chicano youth and students frrst significa'nt document of the Chi­ tion, and as women. More and more Impact of stand in the forefront. Chicanos in cano· movement to emphasize the con­ Chicanas reject the false idea th~t Chi­ high schools and universities have or­ cept of a Chicano nation-Aztlan. It cano liberation can be achieved while ganized and demanded education rele­ is the first to urge the creation of an "maintaining the age-old concept of Chicano vant to the problems they face as an independent Chicano political party keeping the woman barefoot, preg­ oppressed people. As -a result, in some to assist in the goal of liberation. nant, and in the kitchen." places Chicano·studies, bilingual edu­ The impetus for such a party comes The necessity of Chicanas organiz­ nationalism cation, -and other changes relating to from the recognition that Chicanos ing around their special needs was re­ flected at the National Chicana Con­ their interests have been won. should no longer work within the two­ ference in May 1971 in Houston. Res­ Chicano liberation and Revolu.:· The leadership role of the Chicano party system since both the Democrats olutions adopted at the conference and tionary Youth by Mirta Vidal .. youth finds no better expression than and Republicans represent the inter­ reprinted in Chicanas call for family· the 1969 Plan de Aztlari adopted at ests of the capitalist class that op­ Pathfinder Press. 15 pp. 35c. planning; an end to the sexual double­ the first N atlonal Chicano Youth Lib­ presses Chicanos. standard; free and legal abortion; and eration Confer\mce in Denver in March "Political liberation," the plan ex­ Documents of the ChiCano Strug­ of that year. This major document 24-hour day-care centers in every Chi­ plains, "can only come through in­ gle. Edited by Antonio Camejo. comprises one part of Documents of cano community. the Chicano Struggle, edited by Mili­ dependent action on our part, since Pathfinder Press. 15 pp. 35c. the two-party system is the same ani­ Vidal's pamphlet Chicano Libera­ tant staff writer Antonio Camejo. As tion and Revolutionary Youth is based mal with two heads that feed from the Camejo points out in his introduction, on her report to the Tenth Annual Chicanas Speak Out! Women: "The plan presented for the first time same trough." · The increased awareness among Convention of the Young Socialist Al­ New Vorce of La Raza by Mirta a clear statement of the growing na­ liance. Vidal is presently national sec­ Chicanos of the need to create an in­ Vidal. Pathfinder Press. 15 pp. tionalist consciousness of tbe Chicano retary of the YSA. dependent party_ is one of the most sig­ 35c. people." She concludes that the Chicano na­ nificant developments of the Chicano tionalist radicalization ·is on the rise movement. Besides being instruments Th_e deepened radicaliZation among and will confront every aspect of the to achieve political victori~s through Chicanos is the theme of three recently oppression of the Chicano people. At elections, the Raza Unida parties can published Pathfinder Press pamphlets. the same time, she points out, "The also organize La Raza on a day-to­ The aspects of the Chicano movement oppression of the Chicano people is day basis on issues that directly touch the pamphlets deal with include Chi­ so deeply rooted in the capitalist sys­ cano farm workers, students, women, them, such as police brutality, educa­ tem in the United States that it cannot and the growth of Raza Unida parties. tion, housing, and health. This con­ be fully ended without ending capital­ In Chicano Liberation and Revo­ cept is reflected in the Oakland Area ism itself." -MARIO T. GAR CIA lutionary Youth Mirta Vidal correctly Raza Unida Party Program, written interprets the Chicano movement as in November 1970 and reproduced a reaction against the two-fold oppres­ in Documents. sion of Chicanos: exploited as workers The plan calls for Chicanos to strug­ An important element in the strug­ and oppressed because .of their- race, gle "for the control of our barrios gle for Chicano liberation is the . language, and culture. Because of this [ghettos], campos [countryside], pue­ growth of feminism among Chicanas. double oppression, the Chicano strug­ blos [towns], lands, our economy, our Evidence of this can be seen in the gle has a profoundly revolutionary cui ture, and our polfiical life." pamphlet Chicanas Speak Out, which character. "We are a bronze people with a contains an, article by Mirta Vidal Vidal documents the facts of Chi­ bronzt: culture," the plan states. "Be­ called "Women: New Voice of La Raza"· cano oppression in areas such as ed­ fore the world, before all of North as well as reprints and resolutions ucation and income. She describes the America, before all our brothers in from· the first national Chicana con-

"We are not to knock at the door· II against a background of march-: They cry out timidly against this but to kick it to get in," said Nelly ing armies glorifying war. In rage abuse and exploitation. Kaplan, French film director of A the women throw food at the screen. Manuela, played by Hertha Thiele, Very Curious Girl and Papa Les Pe­ When the male producers come for­ is _a lonely young woman in the film. tites Bateaux. She was speaking as one ward to protest, the women continue She deelares her love for the one af­ of eight very lively and kicking wom­ to throw pies and tomatoes. fectionate female teacher and is severe­ en film makers on a panel held in While there -are obvious similarities ly punished with ostracism. She cries conjunction with the First Internation­ between this film and Arlstophanes's out in bewil~erment, "What have I al Festival of Women's Films. Lysistrata, the theme of The Girls is done?" The other women students re-. The festival took place in New York not simply antiwar but encompasses bel against the abuse of Manuela, res­ City in June. Kristina Nordstrom con­ the revolt of women against all forms cue her from a suicide attempt, and ceived and organized the event, which of subjugation in their lives. human sympathy and joy finally win featured nearly 100 films made Growing Up Female by Julia Reich­ out. by women. The films, dating from ert and Jim Klein is probably one of Among the other films worthy of 1922 to the present, ranged f~om high­ the best feminist propaganda films special mention in the festival are The ly stylized art films and warm, "home­ made so far. This documentary shows Girl by Hungarian film maker Marta movie"-like documentaries, to full­ the lives of' six females in six stages­ Meszaros, Man Alive: Gale is Dead length dramas. from childhood to motherhood- and by Jennie Barraclough, Three Lives The intention of the festival was sim­ illustrates how they are indoctrinated by Kate Millett, and Something Dif- ply to illustrate the competence and into their roles as servants of men. . ferentby Vera Chytilova. · artistic achievement of women in film, Another very fine entry is Schmeer­ H this festival of women's films can with the expectation, indeed, of "kick­ guntz by Gunvor Nelson and Dorothy be said to reflect a trend, it is most ing in the door" of opportunities in this Wiley. This film employs the technique surely. one toward realism'. The ma­ strongly male-dominated medium. of !apid intercutting and superimposed jority of the short films are documen­ However, the films could hardly images to contrast the romantic myths taries and overwhelmingly conceived avoid exploring feminist themes, such ladled out to women with the gross from a feminist point of view- that as the rebellion of women against their reality of their lives. ' is, telling the truth about ourselves as male-defined roles and the struggles of Miss Americas in 1940s bathing women and stressing a harsh, critical women for power over their own lives. suits and redred lipstick jerk across analysis of society. The subjects dealt with included abor­ the screen insanely and are intercut Correspondingly, the audience is not tion, pro;Jtitution, illegitimacy, preg­ with images of a woman 'IJViping a ba­ bombarded by the values inherent in nancy, child birth, homosexuality, by's bottom, vomiting in a toilet, pick­ this patriarchal society-such as ro­ and old age. ing ut> greasy garbage from a kitchen manticism, the definitions of wo.men In The Girls by Swedish director Mai sink, and well, you know, the Way It as "virtuous" if they are nonsexual Zetterling, three women's lives are in­ Really Is. and "promiscuous" if they enjoy sex, terspliced and combined to dramatize Another notable film is Maedchen in and the glorification of war and vio­ what has been, what is, and what Uniform, made by Leontine Sagan in lence. could come to pass regarding the lib­ 1931. This film depicts _the life rr· enthusiastic audience attendance eration of women from the exclusive of daughters of the military in is any indication, people are ready. and limited domain of beds, babies, a boarding school that is attempting and eager for these films. Hopefully and kitchens. to "mold iron beings for the Father­ the festival opened up opportunities In one sequence we see an audience land." These young women are raised for women film makers and we will of women watching a film depleting under harsh discipline for the single see more frequent screenings of these male political·leaders of World War purpose of bearing sons for the army. fine films. - LUCILLE WERSON

20 l.ll.. Jane Fonda under attack for telling_ trudl.• By LEE SMITH Clark, who visited North Vietnam AUG. 24 ~Since she returned from directly after Fonda, also made radio . North Vietnam in late July, Jane Fon- broadcasts from Hanoi and has ai- da has been spreading the word on so·· insisted since his return that the the U.S. bombing destruction she wit- U.S. is systematically. bombing the nessed there. The antiwar actress has dikes there. A member of the Danish dE:scribed the damage done to North parliament, Frode Jacobsen, visited Vietnam's dike system by deliberate North Vietnam along with Clark. Ja- U. S. air attacks in news conferences, cobsen has ·appeared on TV in Den- speeches, and interviews. mark since his return, testifying to the· While the Academy Award winner destruction of the dikes and saying, has been telling people about the "The American government ·is simply criminal U.S. bombings, some poli- lying." ticians and prowar veterans groups The calls for a Justice Department have been denouncing her for treason. investigation of Fonda are a means Much to the dismay of such flag-wav- for the· prowar minority to vent its ers as Representative Fletcher Thomp- spleen. Such an investigation was al- son (R-Ga.), however, no official ready underway before the earliest moves against Fonda seem likely. public requests were issued. But Stan Carter reported in the Aug. 4 New Attacking Fonda for antiwar radio York Daily News that "administration broadcasts she taped in Hanoi, officials, acknowledging the unpopu­ Thompson compared her to Tokyo larity of the war, doubt the advisa­ Rose. Calling the actress "Hanoi Han­ bility of prosecution, for political rea­ Jane Fonda described U.S. bombing of North Vietnam at street rally nah," the Georgia .congressman pub­ sons; they fear it would merely turn in Miami Aug. 22. licly asked that she be subpoenaed . the Academy Award-winning actress to testify before the witch-hunting com­ into a martyr." mittee on which he serves, the House In part of an interview with the by the bombing of dams, hydraulic is a traitor, some supporters of the Internal Security Committee. The rest Asia Information Group, printed in systems, sluices, and pumping sta. administration have attempted instead of the committee voted down Thomp­ the Aug. 12 People's World, Fonda tions and repair crews." to use sexism to discredit her charges. son's request. Another committee mem­ described how bombing around dikes Fonda told of interviewing a worn­ For example, in the Daily News ar­ ber charged that Thompson just where ther:e are no military installa­ . an from Thanh Hoa province on the ticle already quoted, Stan Carter wanted to use an investigation to get tions has caused fissures weakening · Ma River who related what happened wrote: "Miss Fonda does not give the some publicity in his campaign for the dikes, bringing about the danger in an air raid carried out while a re- impression of being a conscious agent U.S. Senate. of disastrous floods. pair crew was working on a dike of the other side. She appeared ter­ What the committee did do was re­ One indication that the bombing is that had been bombed three times. ribly sincere__;, but totally taken in, quest an investigation of Fonda's trip systematic, Fonda is quoted as say­ "Planes dropped steel 'pellet bombs on like a romantic schoolgirL . . . " and radio broadcasts by the Justice ing in this interview, "is the,fact that them," Fonda said, "killing many." But many people are more inclined· Department. The same request was the first-coastal-dikes were bombed to trust Jane Fonda than Stan Carter made Aug. 23 by the national con­ during the typhoon season. The salt Asked what she thought of Fonda's or Pat Nixon. And some of them may vention of the Veterans of Foreign water rushing into the rice paddies will charges about the bombing, Pat Nix­ be among the Gis who heara her tell Wars in a resolution that called Fon­ destroy the soil for a long time if not on told reporters. at a White House them from Hanoi: ·"You know that da and former U.S. Attorney Gen­ forever. news conference Aug. 8: "I think she when Nixon says the war is winding eral Ramsey Clark "traitorous med­ "The next wave of bombings hit the should have been in Hanoi asking down that he's lying. ~ . . If they told dlers." A similar motion was intro­ inland dikes, during the monsoon sea­ them to stop their -aggression. . . . you the truth, you wouMn't fight, you duced the same day at the conven­ son. Then there wouldn't be any conflict." wouldn't kill.... you have been told tion of the Amei-ican Veterans ofWorld "Another. indication of the aim of Judging that the public will not lies so that it would be possible for War II, Korea; and Vietnam. flooding the Red River Delta is shown prove receptive to charge~ that Fonda you to kill." .. .social crisis in Argentina Continued from page 4 In response to the June 1969 strike, military leader, assumed power him­ role such as Sitrac-Sitram in Cordoba, ' Even at its weakest moments the the military dictatorship altered. the self. or in unions whose actions have iso­ working class never lost the trade­ cabinet and promised changes. As Lanusse immediately · offered new lated them from mass support. union structure it had built up through soon as things seemed to have quieted concessions and lifted the siege on Workers who attempt to offer an the years. The factory committees also down, the government once again Cordoba, Seeking to heal the rifts with­ alternative leadership to the trade­ survived, despite periods of apathy turned toward a hard line and threat­ in the ruling circles and to raise hopes union bureaucracy face not only the within the working class. Each resur- ened to crush new strikes proposed by in the new government, Lanusse de­ usual forms of repression, such as . - ge~ce of class struggle has found its the unions. clared his support for Peron's return being fired from their jobs, but also m'OSt powerful expression in the mass In September 1969 a political con­ to Argentina from his long exile and the possibility of arrest and torture. industrial unions and a revival of in­ frontation took place. In direct oppo­ a return to parliamentary rule. In some· cases workers have been tor­ tense political life within the factory sition to governmental decrees forbid­ Rightist elements in the military who tured to death. committees. ding strikes, both Rosario and Cor­ opposed a turn toward parliamentary Opponents of the dictatorship who Through the years changes in the doba workers carried out general democracy attempted a coup in May have engaged in armed actions have economy have brought different sec­ strikes. 1971 but failed. · been systematically tortured upon ar­ tors of the working class into a van­ The division in the ruling class deep­ rest. Arbitrary arrest, torture, and as­ guard role in the class struggle. Dur­ ened. The government's social ·base Instead of demobilizing the masses, sassination have been~ used to one ing the Second World War the meat was diminishing as the mass actions the never-ending promises of political degree or another against all sectors workers were in the forefront. Later, revealed its social isolation and ex­ and economic reforms resulted in ever of worker opposition to the govern­ during the resistance after Peron's posed its unkept .promises. The gov­ larger mass actions. In September ment. overthrow, it was the metal workers ernment responded again with a con­ 1971 five and a half million workers The economic situation of the mass­ who set the paGe. Today it is workers cession-freeing the political prisoners in this nation of 24 million people es is rapidly deterioratin-g. Lanusse in the auto industry who have been arrested during the Cordobazo. joined in a general strike. Again, on allowed only a 15 percent pay. in- / in the vanguard. Finally in June 1970 the Ongania the last day of February and the first crease for 1972, .after a 37 percent The new mood of struggle, initiated dietatorship was overturned by an­ of March in 1972, the entire nation inflation in 1971 cut deeply into the by the auto workers in Cordoba, has other military coup that brought Gen­ was shut down by the unions in a workers' real ~ages. In the first half spread in the la,st three years to ever eral Roberto Marcelo Levingston to general strike. of 1972 the inflation has already sur­ wider layers of the working class and power. Levingston likewise made Soon afterwards, a "Cordobazo" passed 25 percent. urban poor as well as to radicalized promises to the masses and assured took place in, the city of Mendoza. Like all capitalist elections, Argen­ sectors of the middle class throughout the sector of the .. ruling class favoring This "Mendozazo" differed from the tina's projected elections are aimed the nation. a return to a parliamentary regime Cordobazo in that the population as at helping the capitalist class maintain The Cordobazo was met by repres7 that civilians would be included in the a whole participated. Since the Men­ its' rule. The problem facing the Ar­ sion. In spite of betrayal by the trade­ government. . dozazo, mass struggles involving non­ gentine ruling class is how to gain uni~n officialdom nationally, the re­ During Levingston's rule a cam­ working-class sectors of the popula­ advantages for themselves from the pression was answered by a general paign was launched by some sectors tion in addition to the workers have electoral process in terms of creating strike in Cordoba in June 1969. of the capitalist press and by profes­ continued to occur, with some of the illusions and confusion among the The ruling class-shaken by the sional parliamentary politicians for urban,' non-industrial workers and masses, and at the same time to pre­ power of the workers movement and a return to parliamentary democracy. middle-class sectors taking the lead. · vent the workers from using the in­ fearing further popular hostility to the Further strikes led to new cabinet The military dictatorship, confront­ creased democratic forms to aid their regime.- began to divide on how to changes in October 1970. New repres­ ed with the rising combativity of the struggle both organizationally and handle the situation. This division has sion in turn brought about the "second workers, has also been selectively car­ politically. resulted in oscillations between repres­ Cordobazo" on March 12, 1971. On rying out criminal repression of the T.he elections offer . opportunities for sion and concessions, all aimed at March 23 Levingston was in turn workers movement. They have inter­ revolutionary groups to present an demobilizing and disorienting the overthrown by, the military, and Gen­ vened in certain unions, especially in anticapitalist alternative for the work­ masses. eral Alejandro Lanusse, the strongest those that have played a vanguard ing class in the elections.

THE MIUTANT/SEPTEMBER 8, 1972 21 the role. of the Trotskyist nucleus as not simply to defeat the dockers' de­ for the right wing of the party. Dele­ one of the small but vanguard forces mands for job security but to force gates voted down a proposal 'that being idei_ltified and spoken abouf." a setback that would impair the ability would have brought r-epresentation of One of the keys to the growth and of the entire British working class to larger states more into line with the development on· solid foundations of strike. number_ of Republicans in those states. Calendar revolutionary parties around the Not only have the dockers won The Republican convention was a EQUAL TIME Lind,a Jenness, presidential candidate of the Socialist world is the ex<;hange _of ideas and some advances in job security. They big show designed to cover over the Workers Party, will appear on the Public Broadcasting full discussion within the ·world Trot­ have dealt a blow to the Heath gov­ reality of racial oppression, attacks System, Wed., Sept, 6, B p.m., Eastern Standard Time, skyist movement, Barnes explained. ernment's attempt to smash the dock­ on living standards of· working peo­ in a special broadcast covering candidates from the This is necessary "so the membership ers union. As in the coal mine and ple, the continuation of a war of geno­ smaller parties. can be familiar with the issues, can railway strikes in Britain earlier this cide in Southeast Asia, and all the •Jehness will also appear on ABC-TV's "Issues an~ Answers' along with other candidates from the smaller discuss them, can learn from them, year, this strike represented the growth other rotten features of this capitalist parties on Sun., Qd. 8, 1 p.m., Eastern Standard Time. and ultimately ... can continue the of class solidarity between different - society. principles and deal with the problems sections of the working class. BOSTON or'the Fourth International." SOCIALIST WORKERS CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE MEET­ r ~ INGS. Every Wednesday at 7:30 p.m. All campaign (The Socialist Workers Party and supporters are welcome. 655 Atlantic Ave. (opp. South the Young Socialist Alliance are in Station.) For more information, call (617)482-8050. political solidarity with the Fourth In­ ternational although reactionary U.S. Children LOS ANGELES THE MILITANT LABOR FORUM presents weekly forums legislation prevents both organizations ... strike on Friday eve~ings at 8:30 p.m. Some of the topics from formally affiliating with the In­ Continued from page J 5 covered are: economics; ecology; the struggles of ternational.) and that a new election be held. held in women, Blacks, and Chicanos for liberation; the anti­ ''We are building an internationalist As the Sears workers did in their war movement; literature and art; the student move­ successful strike (see Aug. 4 Militant), ·ment; trade-union movement; and the struggles in party based on an internationalist other countries. 1107 1/2 N. Western Ave. Donation: program here in the United States," the Rank and File Caucus has asked mental SJ, h.s. students 50c. For more information, call (213) explained Barry Sheppard, SWP na­ for and received significant support 463-1917. tional organizational secretary, in his from the Southern Christian Leader­ talk on the tasks facing the Socifilist ship Conference ( SCLC). SCLC has NEW YORK: LOWER MANHATTAN hospitals THE TRELEW MASSACRE: ITS MEANING IN ARGEN­ Workers Party. Sheppard analyzed the organized picketing by strike support­ nNA. Speaker: Frank Grin non, U.S. Committee for opportunities and the problems con­ ers from the community and from According to the Aug. 11 New York Justice to Latin American Political Prisoners (USLA). fronting U.S. socialists during an elec­ the ranks of Sears employees. The Daily News, hundreds of children are . Fri., Sept. 8, 8 p.m. 706 Broadway (4th St.), Eighth tion year, linking the work of rev­ Caucus has elected Hosea Williams, being kept in New York psychiatric Floor. Donation: Sl, h.s. students, 50c. Sponsored by olutionaries in this c·ountry to the SCLC Jeader, as its official negotiator. hospitals simply because the state has Militant Labor Forum. For more information, call (212) But so far Mead has refused to meet no place else to put them. The chil­ 982-6051. strengthening of the world Trotskyist with the workers' representatives; movement. dren are orphans, have been aban­ On Aug. 29, Keith Jones, the So­ SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA The conference ended with the more doned, or their families have disinte­ MARXIST RADIO COMMENTARY. Listen to Theodore cialist Workers Party candidate for than 1,100 participants singing "The grated..- Edwards, spokesman for the .Socialist Workers Party, Congress from Georgia's 5th C. D., The New York City institutions for on his weekly 15-minute radio program, 11:15 a.m. Internationale." every Wednesday, KPFK-FM, 90.7. issued the following statement: "I un­ children "in need of supervision" are equivocally support the demands of overcrowded already, so the formerly the strikers. I have walked the picket disturbed children cannot be trans­ Calendar and classified ad rates: 75 lines at Sears and at Mead, but I ferred there. According to social work­ cents per line of 56-character-wide type­ haven't seen my Democratic opponent, ers with the Department of Child Wel­ written copy. Display ad rates: $10 per ... dock· the Reverend Andrew Young, on the fare, children in the city institutions column inch ($7.50 if camera-ready ad Continued from page J 5 picket line. are regularly beaten up by other chil­ is enclosed). Payment must be included cording to the Times, they "stormed "It is through such ·struggles as these with ads. The Militant is publisl1ed each dn!n. the building where the delegates were strikes that Black people-both in the week on Friday. Deadlines for ad copy: The largest New York psychiatric meeting and roughed up Jack community and on the job -will be Friday, one we"'k preceding publication, hospital for children reported that 125 for classified and display ads; Wednes­ Jones.... able to better our social conditions." of its 350 patients would be better' day noon, two days preceding publica­ ''M:r. Jones was punched, a metal off not hospitalized. Dr. Hagop Mash­ tion, for calendar ads. Telephone: (212) ashtray was thrown at him and he ikian, director of the Rockland Chil­ 243-6392. was hit by a paper cup of water." dren's Hospital in Orangeburg, N.Y., After the delegates' meeting, long­ said . that finding homes for formerly shore workers overwl!elmingly ap­ disturbed children is "a natic;mwide proved the settlement, including those ... GOP· - problem," but particularly acute in in London and Hull, two ·strongholds Continued from page 17 New York City. ... Oberlin of the National Port Shop Stewards plause from the orchestrated youth This holding of children in mental Continued from page 8 Committee. A return to work was de­ cheering'section, and a 1,34 7 -to-1 vote hospitals is just one more indication and intervenes in the class struggle." layed in Liverpool where a strike by for Richard Nixon, with no other nom­ of the brutality· of the capitalist sys­ In Spain, he said, "hardly a month clerks remained unsettled. inations even -allowed. The Republican tem and its indifference to human wel­ goes by without struggle in the labor Despite the settlement's weaknesses, hand-raisers. nominated Spiro Agnew fare. And those who are worst off movement and in the student move­ the outcome of the longshore strike by a similar margin. under this system are the very young ment, ~major demonstrations being was a victory for the British work­ The one debate that did take place and the old, who are dependent upon mentioned ip the Spanish press, and ing class. The government's aim was- at the convention produced a victory their families- if they have a family. ' ~ Socialist Directory ALABAMA: Tuscaloosa: YSA, c/o Richard Rathers, P. 0. Box 5377, Uni­ KENTUCKY: Lexington: YSA, P. 0. Box 952, University Station, Lexing­ Upper West Side: SWP and YSA, 2744 Broadway (106th St.), New versity of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Ala. 35406. ton, Ky. 40506. York, N.Y. 10025. Tel: (212)663-3000. CALIFORNiA: Berkeley-Oakland: SWP and .YSA, 3536 Telegraph Ave., LOUISIANA: Baton Rouge: YSA, c/o Craig Biggio, 10975 Sheraton OHIO: Cincinnati: YSA, c/o C. R. Mitts, P. 0. Box 32804, Cincinnati, Oakland, Calif. 94609. Tel: (415)654-9728. Dr., Baton Rouge, La. 70815. Ohio45232. Chico: YSA, c/o Kathy Isabell, 266 E. Sacramento Ave., Chico, Calif. MARYLAND: College Park: YSA, University P. 0. Box 73, U of Md., Cleveland: SWP and YSA, 4420 Superior Av~ .• Cleveland, Ohio 44103. 95926. College Park, Md. 20742. Tel: (216)391-5553. Los Angeles: SWP and YSA, 1107 1/2 N. Western Ave., Los Angeles, MASSACHUSETTS: Baston: SWP and YSA, c/o Militant Labor Forum, Columbus: YSA, 1612 Summit St. (side entrance), Columbus, Ohio Calif. 90029. Tel: SWP-(213)463-1917, YSA-(213)463-1966. 655 Atlantic Ave., Third Floor, Boston, Mass. 02111. Tel: SWP-(617) 43201. Tel: (614) 299-2942. Riverside: YSA, c/o Don Andrews, 3408 Florid~, Riverside, Calif.92507. 482-8050, YSA-(617) 482-8051; Issues and Activists Speakers Bureau Yellow Springs: YSA, Anti9ch College Union, Yellow Springs, Ohio Sacramento: YSA, c/o Bob Secor, 3702 T St., Sacramento, Calif. 95815. (IASB) and Regional Committee-(617) 482-8052; and Pathfinder Books 45387. San Diego: YSA, P.O. Box 15186, San Diego, Calif. 92115. -(617)338-8560. OREGON: Eugene: YSA, c/o Dave Hough, 1216 1/2 Lincoln, Eugene

San Francisco: SWP, YSA, Militant Labor Forum, and Pioneer Books, MICHIGAN: Detroit: SWP, YSA, Eugene V. Debs Hall, 3737 Woodward Ore. 97401. ( 2338 Market St., San Francisco, Calif. 94114. Tel: (415) 626-9958. Ave., Detroit, Mich. 48201. Tel: (313) TEl-6135. Portland: SWP and YSA, 208 S. W. Stark, Room 201, Portland, Ore. San Mateo: YSA, c/o Chris Stanley, 1712 Yorktown Rd., San Mateo, East Lansing: YSA, P. 0. Box 14, East Lansing, Mich. 48823. 97204. Tel: (503) 226-2715. Calif. 97330. MINNESOTA: Minneapolis-St. Poul: SWP, YSA and Labor Bookstore, Santa Barbara: YSA, Box. 14126, UCSB, Santa Barbara, Calif. 93107. 1 University N.E. (at E. Hennepin) Seco'nd Floor, Mpls. 55413. Tel: (612) PENNSYLVANIA: Philadelphia: SWP and YSA, 1004 Filbert St. (one Tel: (805)968-8354. 332-7781. block north of Market), Philadelphia, Po. 19107. Tel: (215) WA5-4316. MISSOURI: Kansas City: YSA, c/o Student Activities Office, U of Mis­ RHODE ISLAND: Providence: YSA, P.O. Box 117, Annex Sta., Provi­ COLORADO: Denver: SWP, YSA and Militant Bookstore, 1203 Cali­ souri at Kansas City, 5100 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, Mo. 64110. dence, R.I. 02901. Militant Bookstore: 88 Benevolent St. Tel: (401) 331- fornia, Denver Colo. 80204. Tel: (303) 623-2825. Bookstore open Mon.­ St. Louis: YSA, P. 0. Box 8037, St. Louis, Mo. 63156. 1480. Sat., 10:30 a.m.-7 p.m. New HAMPSHIRE: Portsmouth:. YSA, P. 0. Box 479, Durham, N.H. TENNESSEE: Nashville: YSA, 1214 17th Ave. S., Nashville , Te~n. CONNECTICUT: ,Hartford: YSA, c/o Bob Quigley, 427 Main St. *206, 03824. 37201. Tel: (615)292-8827. Hartford, Conn. 06103. Tel: (203)246-6797. NEW JERSEY: Red Bank: YSA, P. 0. Box 222, Rumson, N.J. 07760. TEXAS: Austill: SWP and YSA, P.O. Box 5586, West Austin Station, New Haven: YSA, P. O.'Box 185, New Haven, Conn. 06501. NEW MEXICO: Albuquerque: YSA, c/o Vivian Abeles, 503 Carlisle Austin, Texas 78703. Tel: (512) 478-8602. Bookstore: 611 West 29th. FLORIDA: Tallah~ssee: YSA, c/o David Bouffard, 308 S. Macomb, S. E., Albuquerque, N. M. 87106. Houston: SWP and YSA and Pathfinder Books, 6409 Lyons Ave., Hous­ Tallahassee, Fla. 32301. NEW YORK: Binghamton: YSA, Box 1073, Harpur College, Bingham­ ton, Texas 77020. Tel: (713)674-0612. Tampa: Socialist Workers Campaign '72 c/o David Maynard, P. 0. ton, N.Y. 13901. Tel: (607) 798-4142. San Antonio: YSA, c/o P. 0. Box 774, San Antonio, Texas 78202. Box 702,4100 Fletcher Ave., Tampa, Fla. 33612. Brooklyn: SWP and YSA, 136 Lawrence St. (at Willoughby), Brooklyn, WASHINGTON, D. C.: SWP and YSA, 7 46 9th St. N. W., Second Floor, GEORGIA: Atlanta: Militant Bookstore, 68 Peachtree St. N. E., Third N.Y. 11201. Tel: (212)596-2849. Wash., D.C. 20001. Tel: (202)783-2363. Floor, Atlanta, Ga. 30303. SWP and YSA, P.O. Box 846, Atlanta, Ga. Long Island: P.O. Box 357, Roosevelt, L.l., N.Y. 11575. Tel: (516) 30301: Tel: (404)523-0610. FR9-0289. WASHINGTON: Pullman: YSA, c/o Dean W. Johnson, 1718 A St., ILLINOIS: Chicago: SWP, YSA and bookstore, 180 N. Wacker Dr., New York City- City-wide SWP and YSA, 706 Broadway (4th St.), Pullman, Wash. 99163. Room 310, Chicago, Ill. 60606. Tel: SWP-(312) 641-0147, YSA-(312) Eighth Floor, New York, N.Y. 10003. Tel: (212)982-8214. SeaHie: Militant Bookstore, 5257 University Way N. E., Seattle, Wash. 641-0233. Lower ManhaHan: SWP, YSA and Merit Bookstore, 706 Broadway (4th 98105. Hrs. 11 a.m.-8 p.m., Mon.-Sat. Tel: (206)523-2555. INDIANA: Bloomington: YSA, c/o Student Activities Desk, Indiana Uni­ St.), Eighth Floor, New York, N.Y. 10003. Tel: SWP, YSA-(212) 982- WISCONSIN: Madison: YSA, c/o James Levitt, 411 W. Gorham St., versity, Bloomington, Ind. 47401. 6051; Merit Books-(212)982-5940. Madison, Wis. 53703. Tel: (608) 257-2835.

.). \. ,. ..,.., :t ::-: :C.d 1\.. J:: f "'· ,;.; (~ \I i1 t __ .. i- L ~ .r d J' i~ t II you support: · Jenness and Pulley in 7t

The antiwar movement . -· ~ ..; Black and Chicano liberation Chicaao Women•s liberation ~s Workers• struggles for a better life · ··~ from . · Revolution~ry struggles in Vietnam, Ireland, Palestine, Pathfinder Angola, and around the CHICANAS SPEAK OUT world Mirta Vidal 35c CHICANO LIBERAnON AND The fight for socialist REVOLUTIONARY VOUTH- democracy in China, USSR, The Peasant "Mirta Vidal 35c and Eastem Europe DOCUMENTS OF THE CHICANO STRUGGLE 35c A socialist America LA RAZA! Struggle in . a panel discussion including Ro~ Join the YSA! dolfo "Corky" Gonzales & Froben Lozada · 30c Huga Blam:a ( ) I would like more information about the PeruiiV LA RAZA UNIDA PARTY IN TEXAS VSA------­ and the convention. Mario Compean, Jose Angel Gutie­ ( ) I'm coming-send me material to help '~Hugo· Blanco has set a'n example, a good ex­ rrez 25c build the convention. ample ....."-Che Guevara, Algiers, 1963 ( ) I want to join the VSA. "Blanco, the revolutionary's revolutionary Press, 41 0 West St., N.Y. NAME ______.... a couple of days after his release was already addressing a rally of 10,000 people who had come to see their folk hero and carry ADDRESS·------im off on their colfective shoulders."- Marlene CITY ______STATE_ZIP __ ~adl_e, The Village Voice TELEPHONE------­ LAND OR DEATH describes the conditions of Clip and mail to: Young Sociali

IN THE SEPTEMBER INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST REVIEW ------·McOoVern. & the ·.. r. ,Democratic ~Party--The way to radical change? A debate between

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also:. TECHNOLOGY, AND AL by Fred Feldman; Name ______MYTH OF THE FREE PRESS by Greg Cornell; FROM THE SPANISH UNDER­ ------GROUND: TACTICS OF THE ANTI-FRANCO STRUGGLE; IN DEFENSE OF THE Address ______,__..._ POLITICAL PRISONERS IN THE UKRAINE by T. Omeliuk City . . State ZiP---- ( ) Enclosed is $1 for 3 months of the ISR. The Militant, 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014. (------­ ) Send me 1 year of the ISR for $5.

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THE MILITANT/SEPTEMBER 8, 1972 23 THE MILITANT Issue lacing congress ol Alrlcan people: Black party· or support to Democrats ;~,l-· '~--: . . - . . .. .

African Liberation Day in Washington, D. C., May 27 Militant/oil. R. Washington

,_ By TONY THOMAS "nucleus" of .a future Black party initiate a Black party. At first, Baraka tiona! Black •ieaders' have come out AUG. 25 -The second national con­ would come. tried to bureaucratically hustle the . for McGovern and are hitting the cam­ ference of the Congress of Mrican Peo­ He said that the thrust of this strat­ proposal off the floor, using his pow­ paign trail. ! . . ple (CAP) will convene in Sap Diego, egy would be "geared towards the er as chairman to prevent discussion. "Some elements of the National. Calif., on Aug. 30. The last CAP con­ 1972 election year. At which time there Later he joined with supporters of Black Political Convention insisted on vention, held in Atlanta in September will be movement towards a National Mayor Hatcher and the Reverend · 'scoring' the presidential candidates 1970, passed a resolution calling for Black Political Party Convention," Jesse Jackson of People United to Save on their acceptance of the Agenda in an independent Black political party. which would launch an independent Humanity (PUSH) to push the pro­ return for Black electoral _support. Ob­ This proposal was initiated by Imamu Black party. However, in "Strategy posal off the floor by claiming it was viously the Convention's slogan of · Baraka ( Leroi Jones), who is pro­ and . Tactics of a ·Pan Mrican N a­ "premature." 'unity without uniformity' was re­ gram chairman of CAP and leader tionalist Party" Baraka argued for a The Gary convention adopted a rad­ placed by 'opportunism without ac­ of the Committee for a Unified New­ "National Convention" that would pre­ ical program of nationalist demands, countability' as soon · as people left ark (CFUN). pare for "Mrican Nationalist Demo­ the National Black Agenda. The Gary." Coming after much maneuvering craf' campaigns in 'Democratic pFi: Agenda was supposed to be the basis Baraka's strategy facilitated the ty­ around the 1972 election on the part maries to win control ·of local Demo­ for negotiations between the conven­ ing of the Black vote to McGovern and of Baraka and other CAP leaders, cratic organizations from regular tion and the Democratic and Repub­ the prevention of an independent the San Diego conference provides an Democrats. lican candi

.• ·"' , .r ~ r i' t ;• _4 ~ • • , -~ '-.\- , ; • t. r ~. !'. t ·t. ," i i, ~ ,· -1 ., , ~ f t 4 •. 'I'. f .; _.f f " • +. t t 1 , ! • f· • ~ t