1 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 1 BIOLOGY) PLANT AND (CELL ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 04 PC1 PLANT CELL BIOLOGY

ORGANISED BY: PANAGIOTIS MOSCHOU (SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, SWEDEN), STEPHANIE ROBERT (UMEÅ PLANT SCIENCE CENTRE, SWEDEN) AND ALYONA MININA (SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, SWEDEN)

SESSION SPONSORED BY: SWETREE TECHNOLOGIES

PC1.1 DIVERSIFICATION OF PC1.2 DISSECTION OF A NOVEL MEMBRANE TRAFFICKING PATHWAYS PLANT CELL POLARITY PATHWAY DURING LAND PLANT EVOLUTION MONDAY 3 JULY, 2017 09:40 MONDAY 3 JULY, 2017 09:00 MARITZA VAN DOP (WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY AND RESEARCH, NETHERLANDS), SAIKO YOSHIDA (NATIONAL INSTITUTE TAKASHI UEDA (NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR BASIC FOR BASIC BIOLOGY, JAPAN), DOLF WEIJERS (WAGENINGEN BIOLOGY, JAPAN) UNIVERSITY AND RESEARCH, NETHERLANDS) [email protected] [email protected] The membrane trafficking system responsible for transporting protei n s, l ipid s, a nd polysacc ha r ides plays pivota l roles i n va r iou s In plants, cell polarity is a crucial feature involved in development, plant functions including development, defense responses, defense, reproduction and transport. Proteins are targeted i nte rcel lu la r com mu n icat ion , a nd cel l wa l l biogenesi s. T h i s system to specific domains of the cell to carry out local functions. We involves evolutionarily conserved machinery components such as discovered a family of proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana w it h u n ique R A B GT Pa ses a nd SNA R E protei n s, wh ic h reg u late tet he r i ng a nd and robust polar localization throughout plant development. SOKs membrane fusion, respectively, between transport vesicles and conta i n a wel l- con se r ved N-te r m i na l reg ion t hat we fou nd to be a dest i nat ion me mbra nes. It i s repor ted t hat t he nu mbe rs of ge nes DIX domain. The DIX domain is a protein-protein interaction module for t hese mac h i ne r y component s have been i nc rea sed du r i ng la nd known from the Dishevelled polarity regulator in animals. We found plant evolution, which could be associated with diversification t hat t he SOK DI X doma i n ca n sel f-i nte rac t a nd i s necessa r y for pola r of membrane trafficking pathways and neofunctionalization c lu ste r i ng a nd biolog ica l ac t iv it y. He re, we have u sed a bioc hem ica l a nd /or acqu i sit ion of orga nel les. For i n sig ht s i nto d ive rsi ficat ion approach to identify the context of these novel polar proteins. of the membrane trafficking system during land plant evolution, In immunoprecipitation / mass spectrometry experiments, we a re conduc t i ng compa rat ive a na lyses of me mbra ne t ra ffic k i ng we ident i fied com mon a nd d ist i nct i nteractors for t h ree fa m i ly pathways between Arabidopsis and the liverwort, Marchantia members. We fou nd t hat t he DI X doma i n is requ i red for protei n polymorpha. We have systemat ica l ly ident i fied R A B GT Pa ses a nd complex formation. At least two of the interactors are directly SNARE proteins in M. polymorpha. Some of these molecules exhibited rec r u ited to pola r sites by SOK protei n s. We a re c u r re nt ly e x plor i ng i nt r ig u i ng d i st r ibut ion a nd dy na m ics, wh ic h suggested t hat t hey the molecular and cellular function of this novel polarity module. act in unique secretion-related trafficking. Our latest results in this Taken together, our work showed that both plants and animals topic w i l l be prese nted . use the DIX domain in the context of cell polarity. Furthermore, SOK proteins allow exploring mechanisms underlying plant cell polarity establishment. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 05

stack. Plant Golgi bodies move with or over the surface of the PC1.3 TOWARDS STRUCTURAL endoplasmic reticulum in an actin-dependent manner, which INSIGHT INTO THE ENDOCYTIC adds an additional layer of tethering complexity. Golgins are a subg roup of tet he r i ng fac tors, loca l i si ng to Golg i me mbra nes a nd TPLATE ADAPTOR COMPLEX conta i n i ng long coi led- coi l doma i n s. T hese reac h i nto t he c y topla sm to bi nd to membra nes, sma l l GT Pa ses a nd ot he r tet he r i ng fac tors. MONDAY 3 JULY, 2017 09:55 Ma m ma l ia n Golg i n- 8 4 i s i nvolved i n t he reg u lat ion of ret rog rade COPI-mediated transport and maintenance of the Golgi ‘ribbon’. Two DANIEL VAN DAMME (VIB-UGENT CENTER FOR PLANT SYSTEMS ArabidopsisGolgin- 8 4 homolog ues, AtGolg i n- 8 4 A a nd AtGolg i n- BIOLOGY, BELGIUM), KLAAS YPERMAN (VIB-UGENT CENTER 8 4 B have bee n ide nt i fied , but t hei r roles re ma i n la rgely u n k now n . FOR PLANT SYSTEMS BIOLOGY, BELGIUM), JIE WANG (VIB- He re we prese nt novel data on AtGolg i n- 8 4 B. F luoresce nt f u sion s UGENT CENTER FOR PLANT SYSTEMS BIOLOGY, BELGIUM), of AtGolgin-84B and the Golgi marker STtmd were transiently JOANNA WINKLER (VIB-UGENT CENTER FOR PLANT SYSTEMS expressed in tobacco leaf epidermal cells and visualised using BIOLOGY, BELGIUM), EVELIEN MYLLE (VIB-UGENT CENTER confocal laser scanning microscopy. Over expression of GFP- FOR PLANT SYSTEMS BIOLOGY, BELGIUM), MICHAEL VANDORPE AtGolg i n- 8 4 B resu lted i n i nc rea sed c lu ste r i ng of Golg i bod ies. Upon (VIB-UGENT CENTER FOR PLANT SYSTEMS BIOLOGY, BELGIUM) treatment with the secretory inhibitor Brefeldin A (BFA), GFP- AtGolg i n- 8 4 B d i ssoc iated off Golg i membra nes before ST t md-m R F P. [email protected] A f te r prolonged BFA t reat ment, GF P-AtGolg i n- 8 4 B appea red to label the cytoplasm and surprisingly, in many cells, microtubules. Our The plant plasma membrane (PM) contains a wide range of data suggest t hat AtGolg i n- 8 4 B i s i nvolved i n retog rade t ra n spor t receptors, channels and other integral membrane proteins a nd st r uc t u ra l ma i nte na nce of pla nt Golg i bod ies. T h i s ope n s up new that mediate communication of the cell with the outside world. a nd e xc it i ng quest ion s a rou nd t he relat ion sh ip bet ween Golg i body Modu lat ion of sig na l l i ng pat hways sta r t i ng f rom t he PM requ i res st r uc t u re a nd f u nc t ion , a s wel l a s about t he nat u re of i nte rac t ion s control over the PM proteome. While anterograde secretory between Golgi bodies and microtubules. pat hways deposit PM protei n s, t hei r re mova l depe nd s on ret rog rade transport by endocytosis, in which PM material and extracellular ligands are predominantly internalized using coated vesicles. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), defined by the PC1.5 S-ACYLATION: involvement of the scaffold protein clathrin to form the cage WHAT THE FLS2 IS GOING ON? around the invaginating membrane, is the best characterized endocytic pathway in eukaryotes. Initiation of CME relies on adaptor proteins, which precisely select the cargo to be internalized, MONDAY 3 JULY, 2017 10:40 recruit the clathrin cage and facilitate membrane curvature. The identification of the TPLATE complex (TPC) as a novel CHARLOTTE H HURST (UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE AT THE JAMES adaptor comple x reg u lat i ng C M E i n pla nt s c ha l le nges t he ge ne ra l HUTTON INSTITUTE, UNITED KINGDOM), PIERS A HEMSLEY bel ief t hat C M E i s h ig h ly con se r ved i n eu ka r yotes. T PC i s c la i med (UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE AT THE JAMES HUTTON INSTITUTE, to represent an evolutionary ancient adaptor module which is UNITED KINGDOM) lost completely i n t he l i neage lead i ng to a n i ma l a nd f u nga l cel l s. St r uc t u ra l model i ng a nd ident i ficat ion of spec i fic protei n doma ins [email protected] led to a theoretical model of the TPC. This model shows that the TPC shares many features with the evolutionary conserved AP-2 Receptor-Like Kinases (RLK) are single pass transmembrane and COPI complexes, but also has distinct differences. Subunit proteins required to transmit extracellular signals into cells, co -i nte rac t ion a ssays i n yea st a nd N. bent ha m ia na con fi r med t he allowing cells to respond and adapt to environmental changes. structural predictions of the model and revealed that the TPC is likely FLS2, the most widely-studied plant RLK, is the receptor for a he xa me r ic core comple x wh ic h a ssoc iates w it h it s t wo pe r iphe ra l the bacterial protein flagellin and we have shown that FLS2 subu n it s, for m i ng t he f u l l oc ta me r ic T PC at t he PM . is S-acylated. S-acylation is a reversible and dynamic post- translational protein modification whereby fatty acids are added to cysteine residues but the effects of S-acylation on protein function are largely unknown. Here, using FLS2 as a PC1.4 INVESTIGATING THE ROLE model, we describe the effects of S-acylation on RLK function. OF THE ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA In plants treated with bacterial flagellin the amount of S-acylated F L S2 rapid ly i nc rea ses. To ide nt i f y whe re a nd whe n S-ac ylat ion GOLGIN ATGOLGIN-84B IN GOLGI is occurring various mutants in the FLS2 signalling pathway BODY STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION we re tested for flagel l i n-med iated i nc rea ses i n F L S2 S-ac ylat ion . Loss of components required for activation (co-receptor BAK1) or attenuation (E3 ubiquitin ligases PUB12/13) prevented the MONDAY 3 JULY, 2017 10:25 flagellin-mediated increase in FLS2 S-acylation. However, loss of compone nt s requ i red for e ndoc y tosi s ( DY NA M I N-R E L AT E D ANNE OSTERRIEDER (OXFORD BROOKES UNIVERSITY, PROTEIN B) did not prevent flagellin-mediated increases in UNITED KINGDOM), ALEX WISTOW (OXFORD BROOKES F L S2 S-ac ylat ion . Fu r t he r more, it appea rs t hat S-ac ylated F L S2 UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM) acc u mu lates i nd r p2 Bmuta nt s. T h i s suggest s t hat S-ac ylat ion occ u rs a f te r ubiqu it i nat ion but before endoc y tosi s of ac t ivated F L S2 a nd we [email protected] hy pot hesi se t hat S-ac ylat ion i s requ i red for e ffic ie nt e ndoc y tosis. We have identified the sites of S-acylation within FLS2 and The Golgi apparatus is an intriguing organelle. Its seemingly simple fou nd t hat t hey a re con se r ved t h roug hout t he R L K supe r fa m i ly. mor pholog y, a pola r i sed stac k of flat tened c i ste r nae, depend s on Ba sed on t hese data, we c u r rent ly hy pot hesi se t hat S-ac ylat ion i s complex cascades of tethering events. Tethering factors regulate a n e nt i rely novel mea n s to reg u late R L K f u nc t ion . the trafficking of cargo and the structural integrity of the Golgi ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 06

PC1.6 VACUOLE BIOGENESIS - PC1.8 CELL-LAYER SPECIFIC PUMPING UP THE VOLUME ANALYSES OF THE ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM AND ESCRT-III IN MONDAY 3 JULY, 2017 14:00 BARLEY ENDOSPERM

KARIN SCHUMACHER (CENTRE FOR ORGANISMAL STUDIES (COS) MONDAY 3 JULY, 2017 14:55 HEIDELBERG UNIVERSITY, GERMANY), FALCO KRÜGER (CENTRE FOR ORGANISMAL STUDIES (COS) HEIDELBERG UNIVERSITY, VERENA IBL (UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA, AUSTRIA), JULIA GERMANY), JANA ASKANI (CENTRE FOR ORGANISMAL STUDIES HILSCHER (UNIVERSITY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND (COS) HEIDELBERG UNIVERSITY, GERMANY), UPENDO LUPANGA LIFE SCIENCES (BOKU), AUSTRIA), AZITA SHABRANGI (CENTRE FOR ORGANISMAL STUDIES (COS) HEIDELBERG (UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA, AUSTRIA), ROLAND BERDAGUER UNIVERSITY, GERMANY) (UNIVERSITY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND LIFE SCIENCES (BOKU), AUSTRIA), ELSA ARCALIS (UNIVERSITY OF NATURAL [email protected] RESOURCES AND LIFE SCIENCES (BOKU), AUSTRIA), EVA STOEGER (UNIVERSITY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND Plant architecture follows the need to of collect CO2, sola r ene rg y, LIFE SCIENCES (BOKU), AUSTRIA) water and mineral nutrients via large surface areas. It is by the prese nce of a ce nt ra l vac uole t hat fi l l s most of t he cel l volu me t hat [email protected] plants manage to grow large at low metabolic cost. In addition vacuoles buffer the fluctuating supply of essential nutrients and The barley endosperm tissue comprises transfer cells, help to detoxify the cytosol when plants are challenged by harmful embryo surrounding tissue cells, aleurone and starchy molecules. Despite their large size and multiple important functions, endosperm. The endomembrane system of endosperm tissue our knowledge of vacuole biogenesis and the machinery underlying is characterized by a high structural plasticity and endosomal t hei r a ma z i ng dy na m ics i s st i l l f rag me nta r y. I n my prese ntat ion , activity. Protein trafficking in these cells is complicated by I will try to reconcile past and present models for vacuole biogenesis the presence of several different storage organelles including and report on our recent findings concerning the pathways and the dynamic protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) and protein bodies molecular machinery driving vacuole biogenesis and fusion. (PBs), the latter derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Recently we could show by live cell imaging, that the endomembrane system is capable of massive reorganization during barley endosperm development and germination. PC1.7 PROTEIN STORAGE VACUOLES T he E ndosoma l sor t i ng comple x requ i red for t ra n spor t ( ESC RT ) ORIGINATE BY REMODELLING OF consists of four subunits 0, I, II, and III and is responsible for endocytic rec yc l i ng of me mbra ne protei n s. ESC RT-I I I i s h ig h ly con se r ved PRE-EXISTING VACUOLES IN a nd is responsible for membra ne defor mat ion. I n deta i l, ESCRT- ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA III mediates the biogenesis of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) whe re t he sor ted protei n s a re acc u mu lated before t hey ente r t he MONDAY 3 JULY, 2017 14:40 next step of the pathway within the endomembrane system. Recently we have identified barley ESCRT-III members in the (model) crop Hordeum vulgare (Hv) and show that all known MISTIANNE FEENEY (WARWICK UNIVERSITY, UNITED me mbe rs a re e x pressed i n developi ng ba rley e ndospe r m . He re, we KINGDOM), MAIKE KITTELMANN (OXFORD BROOKES will present cell biological, molecular biological, bioinformatic and UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), RIMA MENASSA biochemical results indicating that ESCRT-III is possibly involved (AGRICULTURE AND AGRI-FOOD CANADA, CANADA), CHRIS in functions that are barley endosperm specific, depending on the HAWES (OXFORD BROOKES UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), cell-layer. These results are accompanied by the spatio-temporal LORENZO FRIGERIO (WARWICK UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM) endomembrane rearrangement in developing barley endosperm. [email protected] T h i s outcome h ig h l ig ht s t he i mpor ta nce to be more spec i fic a nd t hat it is indispensable to study the ESCRT-III complex in various plants Protein storage vacuoles (PSV) are the main repository of protein and in different cell-layers in the specific tissue. i n d icot yledonou s seed s. L it t le i s k now n about t he or ig i n s of t hese transient organelles. During seed maturation PSV are hypothesized to a r i se eit he r de novo or to or ig i nate f rom t he pre - e x i st i ng e mbr yon ic vacuole (EV). We have tested these hypotheses by studying PSV formation in Arabidopsis embryos at different stages of seed maturation and have recapitulated this process in Arabidopsis leaves reprog ra m med to a n e mbr yoge n ic fate by i nduc i ng e x pression of the LEC2 transcription factor. Confocal and immunoelectron microscopy indicate that both seed storage proteins and tonoplast protei n s t y pica l of PS V a re del ive red to t he pre - e x i st i ng E V or to t he lytic vacuole in embryo and leaf cells, respectively. In addition, serial sec t ion i ng t h roug h e nt i re e mbr yos at seve ra l developme nta l stages using serial block face scanning electron microscopy revealed the 3D a rc h itec t u re of for m i ng PS V. O u r resu lt s suggest t hat i n A rabidopsi s the pre-existing vacuole is reprogrammed to become the PSV. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 07

organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum or the vacuole, PC1.9 CellularGA DISTRIBUTION and their mechanistic contribution to growth regulation. To GRADIENTS IN ARABIDOPSIS add ress cel l si ze dete r m i nat ion a nd t i ssue g row t h i n pla nt s, we a re utilizing epidermal cell files, displaying shorter (tricho-) and longer HYPOCOTYLS AND ROOTS (atrichoblast) cell files. This cell biological model system allows us to identify cellular effectors controlling cellular expansion. MONDAY 3 JULY, 2017 15:10

ANNALISA RIZZA (SAINSBURY LABORATORY UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, UNITED KINGDOM), ANKIT WALIA (SAINSBURY PC1.15 GETting TO THE ROOT LABORATORY UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, UNITED KINGDOM), (HAIR) OF IT – INSERTION OF ALEXANDER JONES (SAINSBURY LABORATORY UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, UNITED KINGDOM) SNARE PROTEINS IN ARABIDOPSIS

[email protected] MONDAY 3 JULY, 2017 16:40

Gibberellin (GA) promotes cell elongation and plays a key role during CHRISTOPHER GREFEN (UNIVERSITY OF TÜBINGEN, GERMANY), different stages of plant development, such as seed germination, SHUPING XING (UNIVERSITY OF TÜBINGEN, GERMANY), hy pocot yl a nd root elongat ion , a nd t ra n sit ion to flowe r i ng. St udy i ng DIETMAR MEHLHORN (UNIVERSITY OF TÜBINGEN, GERMANY), how GA is distributed in specific tissues and cells and how GA LISA ASSECK (UNIVERSITY OF TÜBINGEN, GERMANY), MARKUS conce nt rat ion s va r y ove r t i me i s c r uc ia l to f u r t he r u nde rsta nd i ng SCHWARZLÄNDER (UNIVERSITY OF BONN, GERMANY), GUIDO how G A reg u lates t hese processes. I n orde r to v i sua l i ze a nd qua nt i f y GROSSMANN (UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) GA at the cellular level, we are using GPS1 (Gibberellin Perception Se n sor 1), t he fi rst F R E T biose n sor wh ic h a l lows for h ig h-resolut ion [email protected] GA measurement in vivo.Using GPS1, we have discovered GA distribution gradients in multiple tissues such as Arabidopsis The Guided-Entry of Tail-anchored proteins (GET) pathway hy pocot yl s a nd root s a nd t h i s d i st r ibut ion cor relates w it h t he rate is viewed as textbook example of TA protein insertion into of cell elongation. We have observed a reduced GA level in dark grown the ER membrane. In yeast, the cytosolic ATPase ScGET3 hypocotyls of a phytochrome interacting factor (PIF) quadruple shuttles nascent TA proteins to the ER receptors ScGET1/2 for mutant and an increased GA level in light grown hypocotyls of a membrane insertion. Loss of ScGET function is dispensable phytochrome double mutant, indicating that PIFs promote GA level and only a limited number of TA proteins have so far been i n t he da rk a nd t hat phy toch rome med iated deg radat ion of PI Fs tested to de­pend on GET for membrane insertion, leaving the could lower GA in the light. In growing Arabidopsis roots, we have quest ion u n resolved wh ic h a lte r nat ive pat hway(s) i s(a re) l i kely observed low GA levels in the root division zone grading to higher responsible for posttranslational insertion of most TA proteins. levels in the elongation zone. What establishes this gradient and how We have ide nt i fied a nd c ha rac te r i sed t he ma i n or t holog ues of it is maintained remain unclear. We present evidence that patterned a putative GET pathway in plants and uncovered that GET loss- G A i mpor t a nd /or catabol ic ac t iv it y cou ld cont r ibute to t he for mat ion of-function lines in Arabidopsis show shorter root hairs, while of t he root G A g rad ie nt . We a re now i nvest igat i ng how a n e n se mble otherwise growing normally. While this defect can at least in of G A biosy nt het ic, catabol ic, a nd t ra nspor t act iv it ies toget her part be attributed to reduced abundance of an important plasma dete r m i ne t he d i ffe re nt ia l G A d i st r ibut ion a mong t he cel ls of root membra ne SNA R E (S Y P123), lac k of a more pronou nced phenot y pe t ip a nd hy pocot yl s. and identification of TA proteins that do not bind to AtGET or t holog ues suggest e x i stence of a lte r nat ive i n se r t ion pat hways. Moreover, aberrant expression of the cytosolic AtGET3a in the CELL SIZE DETERMINATION AND Atget1 line leads to a range of severe phenotypes from seedling PC1.14 lethality to reduced growth and fertility suggesting presence of DIFFERENTIAL GROWTH REGULATION alternative insertion pathways while highlighting an intricate involvement for the GET pathway in cellular homeostasis of plants. MONDAY 3 JULY, 2017 16:10 See also: X i ng et a l. 2017, P roc Nat l Acad Sc i USA 114:E154 4 -E1553 (doi: 10.1073/pna s.1619525114) JÜRGEN KLEINE-VEHN (UNIVERSITY OF NATIONAL RESOURCES AND LIFE SCIENCES VIENNA, AUSTRIA)

[email protected]

Multicellular plants require particularly defined cellular strategies for tissue patterning and expansion, because the encapsulating cell wall literally binds neighbouring cells to each other. This i nte rdepe nde nc y l i m it s cel lu la r m ig rat ion a nd , t he refore, i mposes out sta nd i ng i mpor ta nce to cel l si ze dete r m i nat ion a nd supracel lu la r g row t h reg u lat ion . Phy tohor mones a re ce nt ra l to t hese reg u lat ion s and the unravelling of their subcellular working mechanisms bares high biotechnological potential. My lab is combining cell biological, physiological and developmental genetics approaches to dec iphe r g row t h reg u lat ion on a sub - cel lu la r, t i ssue a nd orga n level (e.g. Barbez et al., Nature 2012; Ruiz Rosquete et al., CurrBiol 2013; Löfke et al., eLife 2015; Scheuring et al., PNAS 2016). On a subcellular level, we are particularly interested in cellular ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 08

PC1.16 THE AUXIN-REGULATED PC1.17 DESIGNER ORGANELLES: CrRLK1L KINASE ERULUS CONTROLS SUBVERTING THE PEROXISOMAL CELL WALL COMPOSITION DURING IMPORT PATHWAY ROOT HAIR TIP GROWTH MONDAY 3 JULY, 2017 17:10 MONDAY 3 JULY, 2017 16:55 ALISON BAKER (UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, UNITED KINGDOM), SÉBASTJEN SCHOENAERS (UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP, LAURA L CROSS (UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, UNITED KINGDOM), BELGIUM), DARIA BALCEROWICZ (UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP, RUPESH PAUDYAL (UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, UNITED KINGDOM), BELGIUM), GORDON BREEN (UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, UNITED YASUKO KAMISUGI (UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, UNITED KINGDOM), KRISTINE HILL (UNIVERSITY OF TÜBINGEN, KINGDOM), ALAN BERRY (UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, UNITED GERMANY), MALGORZATA ZDANIO (UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP, KINGDOM), ANDREW C CUMING (UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, BELGIUM), GRÉGORY MOUILLE (INRA, FRANCE), TARA J. UNITED KINGDOM), STUART L WARRINER (UNIVERSITY OF HOLMAN (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, UNITED KINGDOM), LEEDS, UNITED KINGDOM) JAESUNG OH (NATIONAL FUSION RESEARCH INSTITUTE, KOREA (SOUTH)), MICHAEL H WILSON (UNIVERSITY [email protected] OF NOTTINGHAM, UNITED KINGDOM), RANJAN SWARUP The development of ‘designer’ organelles could be a key strategy (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, UNITED KINGDOM), WINNOK DE to enable foreign pathways to be efficiently controlled within VOS (UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP, BELGIUM), ISABEL PINTELON eu ka r yot ic biotec h nolog y. A f u nda me nta l compone nt of a ny suc h (UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP, BELGIUM), DIRK ADRIAENSEN system will be the implementation of a bespoke protein import (UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP, BELGIUM), CLAIRE GRIERSON pathway that can selectively deliver constituent proteins to the (UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, UNITED KINGDOM), MALCOLM J new compartment in the presence of existing endogenous trafficking BENNETT (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, UNITED KINGDOM), syste m s. He re we show t hat t he protei n-protei n i nte rac t ion s t hat KRIS VISSENBERG (UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP, BELGIUM) cont rol t he pe rox i soma l protei n i mpor t pat hway ca n be ma n ipu lated to create a novel pair of interacting partners that still support [email protected] protein import in vivo in moss cells but are orthogonal to the naturally occurring pathways. In addition to providing a valuable Root hair (RH) morphogenesis is an auxin-regulated e x pe r i menta l tool to g ive new i n sig ht s i nto pe rox i soma l protei n process ultimately dependent on synthesis, secretion and i mpor t, t he va r ia nt receptor-sig na l seque nce pa i r for m s t he ba si s of modification of the apical cell wall (CW). However, the a system i n wh ic h nor ma l pe rox i soma l f u nc t ion i s dow n reg u lated link between auxin and CW dynamics remains elusive. and replaced with an alternative pathway, an essential first step in We characterized ERULUS (ERU), an auxin-regulated the creation of a ‘designer’ organelle. Arabidopsis receptor-like kinase from the Catharanthus roseus RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 1-LIKE (CrRLK1L) subfamily of putative CW sensor proteins. Eru (-/-) RHs are short, swollen, and show irregular and slower growth. ERU transcription is confined to trichoblasts and commences before bulge formation. PC1.18 INTER-ORGANELLAR The ERU promoter conta i ns AU X I N R ESPONSE FACTOR (A R F ) COMMUNICATION AND AUTOPHAGY binding sites, suggesting auxin-dependent transcription. qPCR DURING INNATE IMMUNITY and micro-array data of control and arf7/arf19 mutant roots treated with auxin confirmed the latter. ChIP-qPCR showed that the ERU promoter is a direct target of ARF7 and ARF19. TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 10:30 D u r i ng R H g row t h , C W t u r nove r i s foc u sed at t he t ip. Fu nc t iona l ERU-GFP localizes to the secretory pathway and the apical plasma SAVITHRAMMA DINESH-KUMAR (UC DAVIS, UNITED STATES), membrane throughout RH development. Micro-Fourier Transform- EUNSOOK PARK (UC DAVIS, UNITED STATES), JONGCHAN Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy revealed compositional CW changes WOO (UC DAVIS, UNITED STATES), UGRAPPA NAGALAKSHMI in eru muta nt R H s. I m mu noloca l i zat ion of C W compone nt s, i n v ivo (UC DAVIS, UNITED STATES), NEERAJ LAL (UC DAVIS, v i sua l i zat ion of pec t i n Ca 2+ egg-box osc i l lat ion s a nd dete r m i nat ion UNITED STATES), AMUTHA SAMPATH KUMAR (UNIVERSITY OF of pectin methylesterase (PME) activity lead to the conclusion DELAWARE, UNITED STATES), ALI ALQARNI (UNIVERSITY OF t hat E RU reg u lates t ip -g row t h t h roug h modu lat ion of C W pec t i n DELAWARE, UNITED STATES), ALEXANDER NEDO (UNIVERSITY dynamics by negatively regulating PME activity. In addition, ERU OF DELAWARE, UNITED STATES), JEFFREY CAPLAN transcription was altered specifically in pectin-perturbed mutants, (UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE, UNITED STATES) suggest i ng a n E RU/C W feedbac k mec ha n i sm . We conc lude t hat E RU, a s a fi rst, prov ides a d i rec t l i n k bet ween A R F7/A R F19 -med iated [email protected] au x i n sig na l i ng a nd cel l wa l l dy na m ics du r i ng R H mor phoge nesi s. T he i n nate i m mu ne system of bot h pla nt s a nd a n i ma ls employs cel l-su r face a nd i nt racel lu la r receptors to detec t pat hogen s a nd t r igge r defe n ses. E me rg i ng ev ide nce suggest s t hat c h loropla st s play an important function during innate immunity and they a l so have a ce nt ra l role i n t he produc t ion of i m mu ne sig na l s. O u r recent findings demonstrated that chloroplasts dynamically change their morphology by sending out stroma-filled tubular projections known as stromules during immune responses. Interestingly, stromules form complex associations with the nuclei ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 09

a nd subsequent c luster i ng of c h loroplast s a rou nd nuc lei du r i ng immune response. I will discuss these findings and our recent PC1.20 AUTOPHAGY IS REQUIRED FOR results on the role of cytoskeleton on stromule formation and GAMETE DIFFERENTIATION IN THE MOSS chloroplast association with nuclei during plant innate immunity. Mac roautophag y, he rea f te r refe r red to a s autophag y, i s a dy na m ic PHYSCOMITRELLA PATENS process that is conserved across eukaryotes and entails the engulfment of cellular components or cargoes in double membrane TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 11:25 vesicles called autophagosomes. Autophagosomes are then targeted to the vacuole/lysosome for degradation or recycling. It has been VICTORIA SANCHEZ-VERA (SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF well established that recycling of long-lived cellular proteins AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, SWEDEN), CHANDRA SHEKAR- and organelles by autophagy is an important adaptive response KENCHAPPA (SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL to nutrient deprivation. However, recent studies have revealed SCIENCES, SWEDEN), KATARINA LANDBERG (SWEDISH that autophagy participates in other diverse biological processes UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, SWEDEN), including innate immunity and programmed cell death (PCD). SIMON BRESSENDORFF (UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN, I will discuss emerging perspectives on autophagy, cell death, DENMARK), STEFAN SCHWARZBACH (SWEDISH UNIVERSITY and innate immunity. In addition, we will discuss strategies to OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, SWEDEN), TOM MARTIN identify small-molecule regulators of autophagy for disease control. (SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES UPPSALA UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), JOHN MUNDY (UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN, DENMARK), MORTEN PETERSEN (UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN, DENMARK), MATTIAS THELANDER (SWEDISH PC1.19 ORCHESTRATION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, SWEDEN), OXIDATIVE BURST IN ELICITOR- EVA SUNDBERG (SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL INDUCED IMMUNITY REQUIRES THE SCIENCES, SWEDEN) MULTIPLE ORGANELLE-TARGETED [email protected] ARABIDOPSIS NPK1-RELATED Autophag y i n pla nt s ha s bee n w idely related to cope w it h biot ic a nd PROTEIN KINASES (ANPS) abiot ic st resses, a s wel l a s to prog ra m med cel l deat h , promot ion of lifespan or starch degradation. Much less is known regarding its TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 11:10 role in plant cell differentiation. In our work we show that macro- autophagy is highly active during germ cell differentiation in the DANIEL V SAVATIN (VIB-UGENT CENTER FOR PLANT SYSTEMS ea rly d ive rg i ng la nd pla nt Physcomitrella patens. O u r data prov ide BIOLOGY, BELGIUM), LUCIA MARTI (SAPIENZA - UNIVERSITY evidence that suppression of ATG5-mediated autophagy results in OF ROME, ITALY), NORA GIGLI BISCEGLIA (NORWEGIAN reduced de n sit y of t he egg cel l-med iated muc i lage t hat su r rou nd UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY), the mature egg, pointing towards a potential role of autophagy in VALERIA DE TURRIS (ISTITUTO ITALIANO DI TECNOLOGIA, e x t racel lu la r muc i lage for mat ion . I n add it ion , we fou nd t hat ATG5 - ITALY), FELICE CERVONE (SAPIENZA - UNIVERSITY OF ROME, and ATG7-mediated autophagy is essential for the differentiation ITALY), EUGENIA RUSSINOVA (VIB-UGENT CENTER FOR and cytoplasmic reduction of the flagellated motile sperm and hence PLANT SYSTEMS BIOLOGY, BELGIUM), GIULIA DE LORENZO for sperm fertility. Recently, similar results have been described (SAPIENZA - UNIVERSITY OF ROME, ITALY) in ATG7-knockout spermatozoids in mouse. These similarities strongly points towards an ancestral function of autophagy in [email protected] gamete differentiation.

Recognition at the plasma membrane of danger signals (elicitors) belong i ng to t he c la sses of t he m ic robe/pat hoge n- a nd da mage - associated molecular patterns is a key event in pathogen sensing PC1.21 DEGRADATION OF CELLULAR by plants. Triggering of appropriate downstream defense-related respon ses i s ac h ieved t h roug h rapid produc t ion a nd ac t ivat ion of COMPONENTS BY AUTOPHAGY: signaling molecules as well as inter-compartmental communication FROM MOLECULES TO ORGANELLES inside the cell. Arabidopsis NPK1-related Proteins (ANPs) are mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases previously TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 11:40 shown to have role in immunity. In this paper, we studied the in v ivo dy na m ic of A N P1- a nd A N P3 - GF P f u sion s a nd fou nd t hat i n DIANE C BASSHAM (IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES) physiolog ica l cond it ion s t hese protei n s loca l i ze i n t he c y topla sm , wh i le A N P3 shows a l so loca l i zat ion i n m itoc hond r ia. A f te r el ic itor [email protected] perception, both proteins localize also into plastids and nucleus, revea l i ng a loca l i zat ion pat te r n t hat i s so fa r u n ique. T he N-te r m i na l Autophagy is a macromolecule degradation pathway in which region was responsible for mitochondria and plastid localization cellular components are transported to the vacuole to recycle of the proteins. Moreover, we found that sites of elicitor-induced nut r ie nt s du r i ng nut r ie nt de fic ie nc y a nd se nesce nce a nd to c lea r ROS accumulation and ANP localization coincide and that plants da maged molec u les a nd orga nel les du r i ng e nv i ron me nta l st ress. lacking the ANP function do not produce intracellular ROS. Autophagy therefore contributes to plant survival and growth O u r resu lt s suggest t hat A N Ps a re requ i red bot h for ROS ge ne rat ion during adverse environmental conditions. Autophagy can be and ROS signaling in those organelles, pointing to ANPs as central non-selective, indiscriminately degrading cellular components, hubs i n t he orc hest rat ion of ROS acc u mu lat ion a nd sig na l i ng. or selective, in which substrates for autophagy are recognized by receptor protei n s a nd ta rgeted for deg radat ion . Autophag y i s active at a low level under normal conditions for homeostasis and ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 10

i s upreg u lated by ma ny d i ffe rent st resses. We a re a na ly z i ng t he t he g u ida nce a nd or ie ntat ion of t he ph rag mopla st . T he refore, POK s function and regulation of autophagy under different conditions, a re key to a prope r cel l- d iv i sion-pla ne or ie ntat ion a nd subseque nt including its role in homeostatic rRNA degradation under normal plant growth. However, little is known about the molecular growth conditions and in degradation of the endoplasmic reticulum mechanism of how POK motors operate. Here, we investigated during ER stress. Upstream regulators of autophagy activation have t he motor f u nc t iona l it y u si ng si ng le -molec u le fluoresce nce a nd bee n ide nt i fied , some of wh ic h a re com mon to mu lt iple st resses a nd force mea su reme nt s. We fou nd t hat GF P-tagged , t r u ncated POK 2 some a re spec i fic to i nd iv idua l st resses. motor protei n s - compr i si ng t he motor doma i n a nd t he subseque nt fi rst coi led- coi l doma i n - a re mode rately-fa st , processive, d i me r ic kinesins which move towards the plus-end of microtubules. Su r pr i si ng ly, t he motor of ten sw itc hed bet ween a processive a nd PC1.22 REGULATION OF UBIQUITIN- d i ff u sive state. Fu r t he r more, opt ica l t weeze rs mea su rement s show t hat POK 2 sta l l s at forces below 1 pN ma k i ng it a ve r y wea k k i nesi n . DEPENDENT TRANSPORT AND The weakness may be caused by switching to the weakly-bound, DEGRADATION OF MEMBRANE PROTEINS diffusive state. The mechanical properties indicate a complex IN PLANTS interplay between the dynamics and localization of motors for phragmoplast guidance in plants.

TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 12:10

ERIKA ISONO (UNIVERSITY OF KONSTANZ, GERMANY), PC1.24 ROLE OF MICROTUBULES KAMILA KALINOWSKA (TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH, GERMANY), MARIE-KRISTIN NAGEL (UNIVERSITY OF IN ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA POLLEN KONSTANZ, GERMANY) TUBE GROWTH

[email protected] TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 14:20

Pla sma me mbra ne receptors a nd t ra n spor te rs a re i mpor ta nt fac tors LUCIE RIGLET (ENS DE LYON, FRANCE), FRÉDÉRIQUE ROZIER in various signaling pathways in plants that translate extracellular (ENS DE LYON, FRANCE), CHIE KODERA (ENS DE LYON, stimuli into intracellular signaling cascades. The abundance of FRANCE), THIERRY GAUDE (ENS DE LYON, FRANCE), signaling receptors at the plasma membrane is key for the regulation ISABELLE FOBIS-LOISY (ENS DE LYON, FRANCE) of dow nst ream pathways and therefore underlies multiple layers of cont rol bot h at t he t ra nsc r ipt iona l a nd post-t ra nslat iona l level. [email protected] The ubiquitin-dependent degradation of plasma membrane proteins in the vacuole enables fast removal of target proteins and, as a In plants, the female reproductive organ is covered with epidermal consequence, rapid attenuation of downstream signaling events. cells, named the stigmatic papillae, capable of trapping the male In the past years, multiple plasma membrane proteins in plants were pa r t ne r (pol le n). A f te r ad hesion to t he st ig ma, pol le n ge r m i nates a nd reported to be ubiquitinated and more and more molecular details of produces a pollen tube that grows towards the ovules to transport their regulation has been revealed. However, the molecular framework t he ma le ga metes. D u r i ng it s g row t h t h roug h t he cel l wa l l of st ig ma of t he reg u lat ion of ubiqu it i n- depe nde nt vac uola r deg radat ion i s st i l l papillae, the pollen tube applies an external pressure. Such physical not completely elucidated. Our group is interested in the molecular forces are known to reorganize the cytoskeleton in plant cells. mechanisms of the recognition of ubiquitinated cargos and the To i nvest igate t he pote nt ia l role of st ig ma m ic rot ubu les ( M Ts) i n reg u lat ion of t hei r t ra n spor t to t he vac uole. O u r data show t hat ma ny pol le n t ube g row t h , we e xa m i ned A rabidopsi s muta nt s i mpa i red of t he component s requ i red for t h i s pat hway a re essent ia l for g row t h in MT pattern and dynamics. Using scanning electron microscopy, and development of plants and that multiple ubiquitin binding proteins we observed that wild-type (wt) pollen tubes generally grow as well as deubiquitinating enzymes play central roles in the ubiquitin- st ra ig ht on t he papi l la su r face of w t st ig ma s. By cont ra st, i n one of depe nde nt deg radat ion of me mbra ne ca rgos. the MT mutants, wt pollen tubes twist around the stigma papillae before reaching the underlying tissue. Application of the drug or y za l i n , wh ic h destabi l i zes M Ts, copies t he defec t obse r ved i n t he muta nt. Unex pected ly, t hese resu lts suggest t hat MTs f rom t he PC1.23 MOLECULAR MACHINES UNDER st ig ma papi l la ca n or ientate t he pat h of t he pol len t ube g row i ng at its surface. We are currently investigating the potential TENSION: HOW KINESINS GET TO THE implication of a crosstalk between MTs and cell wall deposition in MICROTUBULE END AND POSITION THE t h i s g u ida nce f u nc t ion . PLANT CELL DIVISION PLANE

TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 13:40

ERIK SCHÄFFER (UNIVERSITY OF TÜBINGEN, GERMANY)

[email protected]

During cell division in plants, a specialized cytoskeletal structure, t he ph rag mopla st, a id s i n t he for mat ion a nd or ie ntat ion of t he cel l plate. T he cel l plate nuc leates i n t he c y topla sm a nd g rows towa rd s t he cel l wa l l, whe re it me rges w it h t he cel l membra ne d iv id i ng t he cell. The large motor proteins Phragmoplast Orienting Kinesin ( POK ) 1 a nd 2 , belong i ng to t he k i nesi n-12 c la ss, a re essent ia l for ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 11

in plants are largely unknown. Recently, we have revealed that PC1.25 CONTROL OF PLANT Tudor staphylococcal nuclease (TSN) is essential for the integrity DEVELOPMENT BY THE KINESIN- and function of SGs inArabidopsisthaliana. Yet, TSN is stably associated with SGs, suggesting that it may serve scaffolding role SEPARASE COMPLEX IN COORDINATION to recruit other proteins to the mRNP complexes. Therefore we WITH UBIQUITIN-PROTEASOME SYSTEM u sed TSN a s ba it i n ta ndem a ffi n it y pu r i ficat ion of SG -a ssoc iated IN ARABIDOPSIS protei n s. L oca l i zat ion of ident i fied protei n s to SGsi n v ivoha s been f u r t he r ve r i fied u si ng a combi nat ion of bioc hem ica l a nd l ive i mag i ng tec h n iques. A s a resu lt, we have produced a l i st of SG -a ssoc iated TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 14:35 proteins. Some of these proteins have previously been found in animal and/or yeast stress-induced mRNP complexes, while others CHEN LIU (SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL appear to be novel or plant-specific SG components. SCIENCES, SWEDEN), PANAGIOTIS N. MOSCHOU (SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, SWEDEN)

[email protected] PC1.31 ORGANIC ELECTRONICS Plant growth and development are modulated by the interdependent TO RECORD AND REGULATE cellular processes of cell expansion and cell division, but the PLANT PHYSIOLOGY feedbacks that link these processes remain poorly understood. The microtubule cytoskeleton and the ubiquitin-proteasome system ( U PS) play a key role i n t hese feedbac k s ( Moonet a l., 20 0 4) ( L iu & TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 16:00 Moschou, 2017). The microtubule-based kinesin-separase complex ( K I SC), compr i si ng of t h ree m ic rot ubu le motors of t he k i nesi n ( K i n) MAGNUS BERGGREN (LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), 7. 3 - c lade a nd t he protea se sepa ra se, reg u lates g row t h by e xec ut i ng ELENI STAVRINIDOU (LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), t he proteoly t ic processi ng of a s yet u n ide nt i fied ta rget s ( Mosc houet DANIEL SIMON (LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), ROGER a l., 2016). He re, we repor t t he ide nt i ficat ion K I SC physica l pa r t ne rs GABRIELSSON (LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), DAVID i n a n at te mpt to dete r m i ne K I SC proteoly t ic ta rget s. We conduc ted POXSON (LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), XAVIER a KISC interactome study using leaves from Arabidopsis plants CRISPIN (LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), ELIOT GOMEZ expressing one of the three kinesin KISC components, the Kin7.3, (LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), OVE NILSSON (SWEDISH a s a t ra n slat iona l f u sion w it h Ta ndem A ffi n it y P u r i ficat ion ( TA P)at UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, SWEDEN), MICHAEL it s ca rbox yl te r m i nu s. K i n7. 3 showed e n r ic h me nt of protei n s t hat a re KARADY (SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, compone nt s of t he U PS. I n accorda nce, a t r iple K i n7. 3 - c lade loss- of- SWEDEN), AZIZ ALKATTAN (LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY, function mutant showed defects reminiscent of UPS mutants, such SWEDEN), ANNA GUSTAFSSON (UMEÅ UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), as, narrow and twisted cotyledons and leaves, aberrant venation SIAMSA DOYLE (SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL pat te r n s, a nd abnor ma l shoot developme nt . We propose t hat K I SC SCIENCES, SWEDEN), STEPHANIE ROBERT (SWEDISH may opt i m i ze U PS ac t iv it y to reg u late cel l d iv i sion a nd e x pa n sion . UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, SWEDEN), KARIN LJUNG (SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, SWEDEN), MARKUS GREBE (UMEÅ UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN)

PC1.26 DECIPHERING MOLECULAR [email protected] COMPOSITION OF STRESS GRANULES Organic electronic materials and devices can process and transport IN ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA both chemical and electronic signals. This provides us with a technology platform that can translate signals in between biology, THROUGH ISOLATION OF TSN- such as plants, and electronics. With sensors and delivery devices, INTERACTING PROTEINS ba sed on orga n ic elec t ron ics, we a i m at developi ng a tec h nolog y to record and regulate the physiology of plants in a highly accurate TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 14:50 and feedback manner. Organic electronic devises and systems have bee n ma nu fac t u red w it h i n or appl ied to pla nt syste m s. W it h i n v ivo - ma nu fac t u r i ng protocol s, bot h a na log ue a nd d ig ita l c i rc u it s have EMILIO GUTIERREZ BELTRAN (INSTITUTE OF PLANT bee n establ i shed i n t he ste m s a nd leaves of l iv i ng pla nt s. Fu r t he r, BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS (IBVF)- NATIONAL an organic electronic ion pump, which converts an electronic RESEARCH COUNCIL (CSIC), SPAIN), PANAGIOTIS N MOSCHOU addressing signal into the delivery of phytohoromones, has been (DEPARTMENT OF PLANT BIOLOGY UPPSALA BIOCENTER SLU, applied to regulate the growth speed of the root hairs of Arabidopsis SWEDEN), PETER V BOZHKOV (DEPARTMENT OF MOLECULAR thaliana seedlings. With this novel technology, we explore organic SCIENCE UPPSALA BIOCENTER SLU, SWEDEN) elec t ron ics a s se n sor-ac t uator syste m s a nd a s e ne rg y conve r t i ng [email protected] technology in plants.

E ffic ient adaptat ion to st ress depend s on t he ava i labi l it y of ene rgy resources. Stress drives cells to an energy crisis whereupon they have to reduce e ne rg y e x pe nd it u re i n orde r to su r v ive. To t h i s e nd , eu ka r yot ic cel l s compa r t me nta l i ze spec i fic m R NA s a nd protei n s i n cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein complexes (mRNP) known as stress granules (SGs). In these structures mRNA molecules are stored, degraded or kept silent in order to prevent energy expenditure on produc i ng u seless, su r plu s or eve n ha r m f u l protei n s u nde r st ress conditions. Molecular composition, structure, and function of SGs ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 12

PC1.32 MODULATING AUXIN PC1.33 MULTICHANNEL AFM GRADIENTS IN ARABIDOPSIS CHARACTERIZATION OF PLANT CELL WITH ORGANIC ELECTRONICS WALLS AT THE NANOSCALE

TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 16:30 TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 16:45

MICHAL KARADY (UMEÅ PLANT SCIENCE CENTRE (UPSC) KIRSTIN CASDORFF (ETH ZURICH EMPA DÜBENDORF, DEPARTMENT OF FOREST GENETICS AND PLANT PHYSIOLOGY SWITZERLAND), TOBIAS KEPLINGER (ETH ZURICH EMPA SLU, SWEDEN), DAVID J POXSON (LABORATORY OF ORGANIC DÜBENDORF, SWITZERLAND), INGO BURGERT (ETH ZURICH ELECTRONICS DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EMPA DÜBENDORF, SWITZERLAND) LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), ROGER GABRIELSSON (LABORATORY OF ORGANIC ELECTRONICS DEPARTMENT [email protected] OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), AZIZ Y ALKATTAN (DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS The macroscopic properties of the hierarchical material wood CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), originate from the nanoscale structure and its chemical components. ANNA GUSTAVSSON (UMEÅ PLANT SCIENCE CENTRE (UPSC) Revea l i ng st r uc t u re -prope r t y relat ion sh ips of wood beyond SE M , DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY UMEÅ UNIVERSITY, T E M or na noi nde ntat ion requ i res t he appl icat ion of mu lt ic ha n nel SWEDEN), SIAMSA M DOYLE (UMEÅ PLANT SCIENCE CENTRE characterization at the nanometer scale. By using Atomic Force (UPSC) DEPARTMENT OF FOREST GENETICS AND PLANT M ic rocopy (A FM ) it i s possible to pu sh t he l i m it of resolut ion dow n to PHYSIOLOGY SLU, SWEDEN), STEPHANIE ROBERT (UMEÅ PLANT t he cel l wa l l level i n te r m s of i mag i ng t he topog raphy. Fu r t he r more, SCIENCE CENTRE (UPSC) DEPARTMENT OF FOREST GENETICS applying a mapping approach with force-distance curves in every AND PLANT PHYSIOLOGY SLU, SWEDEN), KARIN LJUNG (UMEÅ pi xel, l i ke i n Q ua nt itat ive I mag i ng mode, a l lows for a mec ha n ica l PLANT SCIENCE CENTRE (UPSC) DEPARTMENT OF FOREST c ha rac te r i zat ion i n te r m s of You ng ’s Modu lu s, ad hesion , a nd work of GENETICS AND PLANT PHYSIOLOGY SLU, SWEDEN), MARKUS adhesion. We have developed a protocol for AFM to characterize the GREBE (INSTITUTE OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY PLANT cel l wa l l mec ha n ica l ly on t he na nomete r level, w it hout e mbedd i ng PHYSIOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF POTSDAM, GERMANY), DANIEL T the samples. Thereby, it is possible to distinguish between structural SIMON (LABORATORY OF ORGANIC ELECTRONICS DEPARTMENT features of the cell wall layers (compound middle lamella, S1 , S 2 a nd OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY, S3) of spruce wood on the basis of their Young’s Moduli. Additionally, SWEDEN), MAGNUS BERGGREN (LABORATORY OF ORGANIC a change in cellulose microfibril angle in the transition zone, S12, cou ld ELECTRONICS DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY be prove n , by dete r m i n i ng t he st i ff ness g rad ie nt . Fu r t he r more, it wa s LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN) show n t hat whe n t i lt i ng t he or ie ntat ion of t he sa mple i n t he t ra n sve rse pla ne f rom 0 ° to 30 ° t he v i sua l i zat ion of t he S 2 c ha nges f rom a net work [email protected] to concentric parallel lamellas. The gained basic knowledge is crucial for ou r u nde rsta nd i ng of wood prope r t ies a nd t hei r i mprove me nt i n a The organic electronic ion pump (OEIP) provides flow-free and controlled and desired fashion. accurate delivery of small organic and inorganic compounds at high spatiotemporal resolution. To date, the application of OEIPs has been limited to the delivery of non-aromatic or inorganic molec u les to ma m ma l ia n syste m s, pa r t ic u la rly for neu rosc ie nce PC1.10 PROBING THE EDGE PROTEOME: applications. Here, we demonstrate the use of an OEIP for plant hormone auxin in vivo delivery to the root tissues of Arabidopsis INVESTIGATING THE MECHANISM OF t ha l ia na seed l i ngs. T h i s del ive r y wa s mon itored i n rea l t i me t h roug h RAB-A5C ACTION IN ARABIDOPSIS dynamic fluorescent auxin-response reporters and induced specific modulation of plant physiology. Electronically regulated transport of TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION aromatic structures such as auxin in an organic electronic device was ac h ieved by sy nt hesi s of a prev iou sly u n ident i fied c la ss of dend r it ic LIAM ELLIOTT (UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD, UNITED KINGDOM), polyelec t roly te. O u r resu lt s prov ide a sta r t i ng poi nt for tec h nolog ies MONIKA KALDE (UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD, UNITED KINGDOM), e nabl i ng d i rec t, rapid a nd dy na m ic elec t ron ic-ba sed i nte rac t ion IAN MOORE (UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD, UNITED KINGDOM) with the biochemical regulation systems of plants. [email protected]

Rab GTPases are regulators of membrane identity and vesicle trafficking in eukaryotes. InArabidopsis , pla nt-spec i fic R A B -A 5c localises to a discrete population of vesicles at the geometric edges of cells in developing organ primordia. It has previously been shown t hat prope r f u nc t ion of R A B -A 5c i s esse nt ia l for a n i sot ropic cel l g row t h i n t hese t i ssues ( K i rc h hel le et a l., 2016). Ev ide nce suggest s that this cell edge compartment lies on an exocytic pathway however, the mechanism by which RAB-A5c acts on cell growth from t h i s posit ion rema i n s u n k now n a nd no ca rgoes have been ident i fied . We have taken a proteomics-based approach to investigate the f u nc t ion of R A B -A 5c at t he cel l edges of developi ng pr i mord ia i n Arabidopsis. A quantitative co-immunoprecipitation protocol u si ng Y F P: R A B -A 5c gene rated a ra n ked l i st of spec i fic ca nd idate interactors of RAB-A5c. From this, 20 candidate interactors have ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 13

bee n selec ted for molec u la r c ha rac te r i sat ion . T h i s ha s beg u n w it h t he GT L1 t ra n sc r ipt ion fac tor at se r i ne 17, a nd t he R ESPONSE TO a na lysis of t he sub-cel lu la r loca l isat ion of ca nd idates to test for DESSICATION2 at serine 22. In addition, perseus roots show a 14-fold co-localisation with RAB-A5c at cell edges. Here we will present dec rea se i n ca l ret ic u l i n 1b abu nda nce. T hese protei n s have bee n ev idence t hat a n u nc ha rac ter ised L R R- conta i n i ng protei n is a n related to wate r st ress ma nage me nt i n A rabidopsi s. i nteractor of R A B-A 5c. Fu r t her work w ill i nvest igate t he effect of dominant-negative RAB-A5c on the localisation of this LRR protein. The impact of loss-of-function insertional mutants of this uncharacterised protein on RAB-A5c localisation will also PC1.12 PECTIN MODIFICATION AND be assessed. Through this approach, molecular insights will be PROMOTIONOF ROOT ELONGATION BY ga i ned i nto t he f u nc t ion of t he esse nt ia l pla nt GT Pa se R A B -A 5c, a nd edge - d i rec ted vesic le t ra ffic k i ng, i n a n i sot ropic cel l g row th ALUMINUM IN CAMELLIA SINENSIS and morphogenesis. L.SEEDLINGS

TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION

PC1.11 RECEPTOR-LIKE CYTOPLASMIC MASOUMEH SAFARI (TARBIAT MODARES UNIVERSITY, IRAN), KINASE PERSEUS IS AN IMPORTANT FAEZEH GHANATI (TARBIAT MODARES UNIVERSITY, IRAN) REGULATOR OF TIP GROWTH IN ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA [email protected] Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major limiting factor for crop TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION produc t iv it y i n acid ic soi ls. A l bou nd to t he cel l wa l l of sensit ive plants and negatively affects wall structure and function by DARIA M BALCEROWICZ (UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP, BELGIUM), increasing its rigidity and reducing its expansibility. Different SÉBASTJEN SCHOENAERS (UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP, from most of terrestrial plants, the growth of tea (camellia BELGIUM), GORDON BREEN (UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, si ne n si sL . ) pla nt i s st i mu lated by A l. I n t h i s st udy t he e ffec t s of A l UNITED KINGDOM), FLORIS VAN EYGEN (UNIVERSITY OF on root elongat ion , mec ha n ica l e x te n sibi l it y of t he cel l wa l l, a nd ANTWERP, BELGIUM), THANAA DOUBBO (UNIVERSITY OF mod i ficat ion of pec t i n f rac t ions were e xa m i ned. Ten day old tea ANTWERP, BELGIUM), KRISTINE HILL (UNIVERSITY OF seedlings were treated with or without 400 µM Al in a modified TÜBINGEN, GERMANY), TARA HOLMAN (UNIVERSITY OF Hoag la nd solut ion , for 8 days. Mec ha n ica l c ha nges i n elongat ion NOTTINGHAM, UNITED KINGDOM), JAESUNG OH (NATIONAL zone of root ape x we re mon itored by f reeze -t haw i ng met hod . Cel l FUSION RESEARCH INSTITUTE, KOREA (SOUTH)), RANJAN wa l l pec t i n s we re loca l i zed v ia i m mu nofluorescence of monoc lona l SWARUP (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, UNITED KINGDOM), a nt ibod ies J I M 5 a nd J I M7. Uron ic ac id conte nt a nd t he ac t iv it y of PM E MICHAEL WILSON (UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, UNITED KINGDOM), we re mea su red a s wel l. E x posu re to A l sig n i fica nt ly promoted root MARIOS N MARKAKIS (UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP, BELGIUM), cel l s e x te n sibi l it y a nd i nc rea sed cel l elongat ion of tea seed l i ngs. IVE DE SMET (VIB-UGENT CENTER FOR PLANT SYSTEMS Immunofluorescence studies revealed bright fluorescence of BIOLOGY, BELGIUM), LAM DAI WU (VIB-UGENT CENTER FOR a nt ibody J I M7 i n A l-t reated root apices demon st rat i ng h ig h-met hyl- PLANT SYSTEMS BIOLOGY, BELGIUM), MALCOLM J BENNETT este r pec t i n s, whe rea s t he fluoresce nce i nte n sit y of J I M 5 wa s h ig h (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, UNITED KINGDOM), CLAIRE in control seedlings. Al treatment significantly decreased PME GRIERSON (UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, UNITED KINGDOM), ac t iv it y but i nc rea sed t he rat io of tota l suga rs to u ron ic ac id s. T he KRIS VISSENBERG (UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP, BELGIUM) result suggest that structural modifications of pectin in elongation zone of tea root s prevent i n se r t ion a nd acc u mu lat ion of A l a nd it s [email protected] inhibitory role. However the mechanism by which elongation is t r igge red i s yet to be c la r i fied . We describe identification and characterization of anArabidopsis thaliana class VII receptor-like cytoplasmic protein kinase (RLCK) which we named PERSEUS. Its role in plant development was investigated using genetic, molecular and cell biological approaches. Promoter-reporter studies showed that PERSEUS is exclusively expressed in root hairs and pollen (tubes), both tip growing cell types. Perseus mutants revealed a 34% reduction in root hair length, a 30 % reduction in RH growth velocity and aberrant root ha i r mor pholog ies. Moreove r, perseus pol le n e x h ibited 8 0 % reduced germination and 27% shorter pollen tubes in vitro, although no alterations were seen in fertilization efficiency.PERSEUS expression can be induced by au x in and depends at least on t he presence of au x i n respon se fac tors A R F7 a nd A R F19, bot h t ra n sc r ipt ion factors. Chromatin immuno-precipitation followed by gene- spec i fic qPC R showed t hat A R F19 bi nd s d i rec t ly to t he promote r region of PERSEUS in vivo. Functional GFP-PER localized to the cytoplasm, nucleus and/or ER in Arabidopsis seedlings. Perseus R H cel l wa l ls seem not a ffec ted ( F T-I R), yet c ha nges a re detec ted i n t he respon sive ness to a lte rat ion s i n t he pH of t he g row t h med iu m a nd supple me ntat ion w it h f u sicocc i n a nd DCC D (wh ic h bot h a lte r H+ -AT Pa se ac t iv it y). ( Phospho) proteome a na lysi s showed t hat PERSEUS f u nc t ion cou ld be related to wate r st ress reg u lat ion . He nce, perseus root tips exhibit a 7-fold decrease in phosphorylation of ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 14

(10 cm) conditions. The length of the first internode was increased PC1.13 MAGIC ARABIDOPSIS AND i n t he H 2 O 2 -t reated wheat seed l i ngs at t he dept h of 10 c m . A s seen by qua ntat ive RT-PC R , H O up -reg u lated cel l wa l l loosen i ng-related SEARCH FOR GENETIC REGULATION OF 2 2 genes (Gluca na se E I a nd Ta E X PB23) i n t he fi rst i nte r node of “ Ti r ” STOMATAL RESPONSES TO RISING CO2 under deep sowing condition (10 cm). Increased NOX (up-regulated R BOH D a nd R BOH F ) a nd C W POX , u nc ha nged A PX a nd SOD i nduced TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION t he wa l l loose n i ng reac t ion by mea n s of i nc rea sed acc u mu lat ion of H 2 O 2 at a dept h of 10 c m . To ou r k nowledge, t h i s i s t he fi rst st udy HANNAH SEWELL (UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, UNITED t hat H 2 O 2could cause first internode elongation by both expansin/ •- KINGDOM), DAVID BEERLING (UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, glucanase- and OH med iated cel l wa l l loose n i ng, t he reby promot i ng UNITED KINGDOM), PAULA KOVER (UNIVERSITY OF BATH, the deep-sowing tolerance of “Tir” wheat cultivar. UNITED KINGDOM), JULIE GRAY (UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, UNITED KINGDOM), STUART CASSON (UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, UNITED KINGDOM) PC1.28 STRESS ACTIVATED KINASES [email protected] IN THE REGULATION OF LIGHT INDUCED

R i si ng at mosphe r ic CO 2 ha s bee n show n to i n flue nce developme nt CHLOROPLAST MOVEMENTS of stomata of ma ny pla nt spec ies, lead i ng i n ma ny ca ses to lowe r stomata l de n sit ies (SD) i n elevated CO 2. T h i s reduc t ion i n stomata TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION can be an advantage to the plant, through a reduction in water loss a nd i nc rea sed wate r u se e ffic ie nc y, or a h i nd ra nce, a s a reduc t ion in OLGA SZTATELMAN (INSTITUTE OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND wate r loss ca n lead to elevated lea f te mpe rat u res a nd heat st ress. BIOPHYSICS POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, POLAND), EWA Despite this response to CO2 being well known, relatively SITKIEWICZ (INSTITUTE OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS little is known about the genes involved in the changes that POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, POLAND), MICHAŁ DADLEZ lead to altered SD in elevated CO2.To fill more of the gaps, (INSTITUTE OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS POLISH Multiparent Advanced Generational Inter-Cross (MAGIC) ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, POLAND), GRAŻYNA DOBROWOLSKA A rabidopsi s, a se r ies of recombi na nt i nbred l i nes, a re bei ng u sed (INSTITUTE OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS POLISH i n t h i s projec t to at te mpt to ide nt i f y Q ua nt itat ive Tra it L oc i (QT L). ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, POLAND) A QTL analysis has been run on over 400 of the MAGIC lines, highlighting regions of the genome controlling stomatal density [email protected] i n d i ffe re nt CO 2 conce nt rat ion s. Work i s c u r re nt ly bei ng ca r r ied out to ident i f y t he gene cont rol l i ng t he t ra it i n eac h reg ion a nd how t hey L ig ht i nduced c h loropla st move me nt s a re a mec ha n i sm to opt i m i ze e ffec t t h i s developme nta l pat hway. light utilization by plants. Chloroplasts in weak light gather at the cel l wa l ls pe r pend ic u la r to l ig ht d i rec t ion i n orde r to ma x i m i ze l ig ht absor pt ion . I n st rong l ig ht t hey move to t he cel l wa l l s pa ra l lel to l ig ht direction to avoid stress caused by excess light. Several proteins PC1.27 THE ROLE OF HYDROGEN i nvolved i n t he move me nt s have bee n ide nt i fied to date. O ne of t he potential regulators of those proteins are SNF1-related kinases PEROXIDE IN ELONGATION DYNAMICS 2 (SnRK2s). SnRK2s are plant specific protein kinases regulating OF THE FIRST INTERNODE OF DEEP- respon ses to adve rse env i ron menta l cond it ion s, suc h a s sa lt or d roug ht. SOWN WHEAT, TRITICUM AESTIVUM TIR T hey a re rapid ly ac t ivated upon st ress a nd phosphor ylate dow n st rea m targets leading to plant acclimation. Phosphoproteomic studies ident i fied a nu mbe r of potent ia l ta rget s of t hese k i na ses, i nc lud i ng TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION protei n s i nvolved i n l ig ht i nduced c h loropla st move me nt . I n orde r to assess the link between salt stress and chloroplast movements, we ASKIM H SEKMEN (EGE UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SCEINCE, e xa m i ned t he phosphor ylat ion of some of k now n protei n s i nvolved i n TURKEY), TOLGA YALCINKAYA (EGE UNIVERSITY, TURKEY), t he move me nt s by Sn R K 2s. A l l tested protei n s we re phosphor ylated AZIME GOKCE (EGE UNIVERSITY, TURKEY), YIGIT AKYOL by seve ra l Sn R K 2 k i na ses i n v it ro. Phosphor ylat ion sites we re mapped (EGE UNIVERSITY, TURKEY), ISMAIL TURKAN u si ng ma ss spec t romet r y a nd con fi r med by d i rec ted mutagenesi s (EGE UNIVERSITY, TURKEY) approach. The sites were compared with available phosphoproteomic data. The Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation assay showed [email protected] that selected proteins interact with kinases in planta indicating that i ndeed t hey cou ld be bona fide Sn R K 2s’ subst rates. Treat i ng leaves Deep sowing tolerance is the one of the most efficient way to avoid with NaCl lead to decrease in chloroplast movements capacity. d roug ht, wh ic h ca n be desc r ibed a s t he abi l it y of t he elevat ion of We propose that SnRK2s may act as negative regulators of light the shoot apical meristem above the soil surface by elongation of induced chloroplast movements, leading to the inhibition of this mesocot yl or fi rst i nte r node. I n t he l ite rat u re, t he re a re on ly a few respon se du r i ng sa lt st ress. repor t s conce r n i ng t he fi rst i nte r node elongat ion . Moreove r, t he re is no study that covers the potential roles of reactive oxygen species

(ROS), especially H 2 O 2, in first internode elongation under deep seed i ng cond it ion s. For t h i s a i m , i n t he present st udy, H 2 O 2 level, t he ac t iv it ies of NA DPH ox ida se, supe rox ide d i smuta se (SOD), cel l wa l l pe rox ida se (C W POX ), POX a nd a scorbate pe rox ida se (A PX ) a nd t he e x pression s of cel l wa l l loosen i ng-related genes (Gluca na se E I a nd Ta E X PB2 3) we re mea su red i n t he fi rst i nte r node of 10 d- old Ti r seed l i ngs wh ic h we re g row n i n sha l low (2 c m) a nd deep sow i ng ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 15

to ER stress of these mutant were determined by measuring PC1.29 THE OPTIMIZATION OF the transcript abundance of ER stress-related genes using ANTIBODY EXPRESSION IN TOBACCO Q-PCR incl. bZIP28, IRE1A, BiP3, CNX, HRD1, DER1, and UBC32. W hen PL D ac t iv it y wa s i n h ibited w it h 1-buta nol e x pression s BY-2 CELLS USING TRANSIENT ASSAY of genes related to UPR were decreased indicating a role for PA for i nduc t ion of U PR . A mong t he t welve PL D genes A rabidopsi s ha s, TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION we obta i ned genet ic ev idence t hat PL Dα2 i s l i kely i nvolved i n t he ER-stress response, as pldα2 mutant seedlings exhibited reduced root growth when grown on agar plates containing TM. In this study ZUZANA POBORILOVA (INSTITUTE OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY we de mon st rate t hat PL D sig na l i ng i s a key fac tor for E R st ress i n AS CR, CZECH REPUBLIC), HELENA PLCHOVA (INSTITUTE plants for the first time. OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY AS CR, CZECH REPUBLIC), NOEMI CEROVSKA (INSTITUTE OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY AS CR, CZECH REPUBLIC), JAKUB DUSEK (INSTITUTE OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY AS CR, CZECH REPUBLIC), TOMAS MORAVEC (INSTITUTE OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY AS CR, PC1.34 ELECTROPHORETIC PROFILE CZECH REPUBLIC) AND HERITABILITY OF PEROXIDASIC ACTIVITIES IN THE TOLERANCE [email protected] OF THEOBROMA CACAOA GAINST Over the last decades, plant-produced antibodies have received PHYTOPHTHORA MEGAKARYA, con side rable i nte rest . Today i nc rea si ng at te nt ion i s pa id to pla nt cel l su spe n sion c u lt u res a s a n a lte r nat ive bioproduc t ion plat for m . THE MOST AGRESSIVE AGENT Usi ng t he approac hes of sy nt het ic biolog y a nd combi nator ia l c lon i ng OF BLACK POD DISEASE it is relatively simple to assemble a large numbers of multigene expression constructs including multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 constructs; TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION however it might be very difficult to quantitatively asses their f u nc t iona l it y. O ne possibi l it y to ove rcome t hese obstac les a nd test CLAUDE SIMO (DEPARTMENT OF PLANT BIOLOGY FACULTY OF up to hundreds of gene constructs in a relatively short time is to SCIENCE P.O. BOX 24 157 DOUALA CAMEROON, CAMEROON), combine the advantages of transient expression assays with those of FRANÇOIS P DJOCGOUE (DEPARTMENT OF PLANT BIOLOGY plant cell suspension cultures. Here we present data on optimization FACULTY OF SCIENCE P.O. BOX 812 YAOUNDÉ, CAMEROON), of antibody production in tobacco BY-2 cells employing co- EMILE MINYAKA (DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY FACULTY OF expression of two genes using both replicating geminiviral vectors SCIENCES P.O. BOX 24157 DOUALA, CAMEROON), DENIS N (pRIC derivatives) and non-replicating CPMV based vectors OMOKOLO (LABORATORY OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY DEPARTMENT (pEAQ derivatives). OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES HIGHER TEACHER’S TRAINING COLLEGE, CAMEROON)

PC1.30 ROLE FOR PHOSPHOLIPASE [email protected] D (PLD) IN THE ER-STRESS RESPONSE Black pod disease caused by Phytophthora megakaryais is the IN ARABIDOPSIS ma i n l i m it i ng fac tor i n t he produc t ion of cocoa. Pla nt s e x posed to biot ic st resses e x h ibit c ha nges i n t hei r physiolog y a nd metabol i sm . The study focused on the heritability and activity of peroxidases TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION ( POX ) i n t wo hybr id popu lat ion s F13 (♀SN K13 x ♂ T 79/467 ) a nd F79 (♀T 79/467 x ♂ SN K13). T he resu lt s show t hat more tole ra nt a nd RENGIN OZGUR UZILDAY (EGE UNIVERSITY, TURKEY), BARIS more produc t ive hybr id genot y pes ( F1307, F1314, F79 02 , F7928) a nd UZILDAY (EGE UNIVERSITY, TURKEY), ASKIM H. SEKMEN more tole ra nt ge not y pes ( F1315, F1313, F7926, F79 07 ) relat ive to t he (EGE UNIVERSITY, TURKEY), TEUN MUNNIK (UNIVERSITY best parent in the soluble (S) and bound fractions (L) recorded a large OF AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS), ISMAIL TURKAN (EGE amount of POX activity with small areas of necrotic lesion in contrast UNIVERSITY, TURKEY) to less tolerant and productive genotypes (F1324, F1308, F7915 a nd F7919) wh ic h acc u mu lated a sma l l a mou nt of POX ac t iv it y i n [email protected] large areas of necrotic lesion. A negative and significant correlation ( P <0.01) wa s obse r ved bet wee n t he developme nt of nec rosi s a nd Accumulation of unfolded proteins caused by inefficient chaperone pe rox ida se ac t iv it ies. T he profi le of pe rox ida se i sofor m s (S) of t he activity in ‘Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)’ is called ‘ER Stress’ mesoca r p of i n fec ted pod s revea led t he e x i ste nce of a spec i fic for m and this triggers ‘Unfolded Protein Response (UPR)’, which (A 2) a f te r i n fec t ion i n tole ra nt ge not y pes. T h i s i sofor m i s l i n ked increases protein folding capacity. Besides proteins, lipids are to tolera nce. T he her itabi l it y va lues of POX ac t iv it y obta i ned i n a l so sy nt hesi zed at t he E R . I n a n i ma l s, t he l ipid , phosphat id ic ac id f rac t ion s (S) i n F13 fa m i ly (♀SNK13 x ♂T 79 / 467 ) a nd F79 fa m i ly ( PA) ac t s a s a sig na l l i ng molec u le i n t he E R . I n pla nt s, PA i s a l ipid (♀T79 / 467 x ♂SNK13) are relatively high (0.69 and 0.64). The second messenger too, but its role in UPR is completely unknown. ex ist i ng isofor m (A 2) i n hybr id tolera nt genot y pes cou ld lead i n Phospholipase D (PLD) is one of major enzymes producing PA, t he c reat ion of more produc t ive a nd tolera nt va r iet ies ma k i ng it hydrolyzing structural phospholipids into PA and choline. available to farmers. To u ndersta nd t he relat ionsh ip between PLD a nd ER st ress i n plants, we used both chemical inhibitor of PLD (1-butanol) and different genotypes deficient inPLD genes (pldα1,pldα2, pldα3, pldδ and pldα1/α3/δ) of Arabidopsis thaliana. The effects of ER stress (tunicamycin induced) on pld mutants were evaluated by phenotyping their root growth. Moreover, the response ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 16

So fa r, 5 putat ive muta nt s have bee n con fi r med a s suppressors of t he PC1.35 THE ECONOMICS OF bi k i n i n-i nduced phe not y pes. T hose muta nt s we re bac kc rossed to STOMATAL DEVELOPMENT t he non mutage n i zed pa re nta l l i ne a nd a re c u r re nt ly i n t he pipel i ne for deep seque nc i ng a nd ta rget ge ne ide nt i ficat ion .

TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION

RACHEL C DENLEY BOWERS (UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, PC1.37 SUB-CELLULAR RESPONSES UNITED KINGDOM), STUART A CASSON (UNIVERSITY OF OF THE WHEAT IMMUNE SYSTEM TO SHEFFIELD, UNITED KINGDOM), NICHOLAS A M MONK (UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, UNITED KINGDOM) PATHOGENIC FUNGI

[email protected] TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION The number of stomata on a leaf can be measured in two ways: stomatal density (SD), which is the number of FRANCESCO VALENTE (DEPARTMENT OF BIOSCIENCES, stomata in a given area; and stomatal index (SI), which is UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, UNITED KINGDOM), CECILIA the number of stomata as a percentage of the total cell count. RODRIGUES (DEPARTMENT OF BIOSCIENCES, UNIVERSITY Sometimes, two plants may have the same SD and OF EXETER, UNITED KINGDOM), EMMA WALLINGTON different SIs. This suggests that the SD can be maintained (NIAB CAMBRIDGE, UNITED KINGDOM), GRAHAM THOMAS by increasing either cell division or expansion. (DEPARTMENT OF BIOSCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, Why would the plant choose one method over another? UNITED KINGDOM), JEREMY METZ (DEPARTMENT OF Which of these methods of maintaining stomatal density is BIOSCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, UNITED KINGDOM), most e ffic ie nt? ANDREW GREENLAND (NIAB CAMBRIDGE, UNITED KINGDOM), PATRICK J HUSSEY (SCHOOL OF BIOSCIENCES, DURHAM UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), MICHAEL J DEEKS (DEPARTMENT OF BIOSCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, PC1.36 AN EMS-MUTAGENESIS SCREEN UNITED KINGDOM) TO IDENTIFY MOLECULAR COMPONENTS [email protected] OF BRASSINOSTEROID SIGNALING The Ascomycete Zymoseptoria tritici i s a hem ibiot roph ic f u ng u s PATHWAY AT THE LEVEL OF GSK3 which is the main causal agent of wheat Septoria tritici blotch LIKE KINASES (STB). Capable of causing up to 40 % yield loss, this is one of the most deva stat i ng fol ia r d i sea ses of wheat worldw ide. Deta i led molec u la r TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION understanding of the wheat immune response towards Z. tritici could lead to significant crop improvement for food production. Foliar infection begins with fungal penetration of the host ANAXI HOUBAERT (VIB-UGENT CENTER FOR PLANT SYSTEMS t i ssues v ia host stomata l cav it ies w it h i n 12 hou rs post i noc u lat ion , BIOLOGY, BELGIUM), QING LU (VIB-UGENT CENTER FOR followed by an endophytic phase that leads to chlorosis throughout PLANT SYSTEMS BIOLOGY, BELGIUM), RENÉ BENJAMINS t he lea f su r face a nd a nec rot roph ic pha se du r i ng wh ic h sy mptom (PLANT DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY developme nt occ u rs. Nonet heless, we a re i nte rested i n a na lysi ng RESEARCH, NETHERLANDS), EUGENIA RUSSINOVA (VIB-UGENT t he ea rly mec ha n i sm of hy pha l recog n it ion i n wheat i n respon se CENTER FOR PLANT SYSTEMS BIOLOGY, BELGIUM) to stimuli caused by this pathogenic fungus. Hence, we are testing [email protected] the hypothesis that the wheat immune response is playing a crucial role during the biotrophic phase in the early post inoculation stage bot h i n compat ible a nd i ncompat ible host-m ic robe i nte rac t ion s. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of steroid hormones that are I n orde r to test ou r sc ient i fic hy pot hesi s, we a re c u r rent ly a ssessi ng ubiquitously distributed throughout the plant kingdom. BR the compatibility of three transformable Zymoseptoria tritici strains deficiency causes pleotropic phenotypes including dwarfism, ( I PO 323, K4979N2 X1 a nd K658 8N2 X 2) w it h fou r d i ffe rent wheat male sterility, delayed flowering, reduced apical dominance, and cultivars commonly utilised for wheat transformation (Cadenza, a l ig ht-g row n mor pholog y when g row n i n da rk . BR s have a broad Fielde r, Bobwh ite a nd N B1). We a re u si ng l ive - cel l i mag i ng probes i n spectrum of activities that have a positive effect on the quantity these cultivars to quantify changes in plant subcellular architecture and quality of crops and they increase plant resistance to stress 3 to 5 days post f u nga l i noc u lat ion . a nd pat hogen s. T he GSK 3 -t y pe k i na se BI N2 ac t s a s a key negat ive reg u lator of BR sig na l i ng. Besides BR sig na l i ng, BI N2 a lso plays d ive rse roles i n a lot of physiolog ica l a nd developme nta l processes such as stomatal development, tolerance for abiotic stress, ABA signaling, auxin signaling, root hair development and xylem differentiation. Considering that plants contain divergent GSK3 l i ke k i na ses, it i s i mpor ta nt to ident i f y more subst rates to a l low u s to bet te r u nde rsta nd how pla nt s coord i nate compl icated physiolog ica l processes i n respon se to d ive rse e nv i ron me nta l st i mu l i. I n a c he m ica l genetics screen for compounds that cause constitutive BR responses in Arabidopsis, a small molecule that activates BR signaling by i n h ibit i ng GSK 3 l i ke k i nases na med bi k i n i n was ident i fied. T he scientific aim of the proposed research is to identity downstream e ffec tors of GSK 3 l i ke k i na ses t h roug h for wa rd genet ics approac h . ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 17

PC1.38 ASCORBATE BIOSYNTHESIS PC1.39 DEFINING THE EXPRESSION AND ITS REGULATION BY VTC2 IN DOMAINS OF THE ARABIDOPSIS THE GREEN ALGA CHLAMYDOMONAS GLUTAREDOXIN GENES AtGRXS5, REINHARDTII AtGRXS6, AND AtGRXS8

TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION

ANDRÉ VIDAL-MEIRELES (BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH CENTRE MATTHEW A ESCOBAR (CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY SAN OF THE HUNGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, HUNGARY), MARCOS, UNITED STATES), MIGUEL ROSAS (CALIFORNIA STATE JULIANE NEUPERT (MAX-PLANCK-INSTITUT FÜR MOLEKULARE UNIVERSITY SAN MARCOS, UNITED STATES), OSCAR DAVALOS PFLANZENPHYSIOLOGIE, GERMANY), LAURA ZSIGMOND (CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY SAN MARCOS, UNITED STATES) (BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF THE HUNGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, HUNGARY), LAISE ROSADO-SOUZA (MAX- [email protected] PLANCK-INSTITUT FÜR MOLEKULARE PFLANZENPHYSIOLOGIE, GERMANY), LÁSZLÓ KOVÁCS (BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH CENTRE Gluta redox i n s a re sma l l redox en z y mes t hat ca n reduce d i su l fide OF THE HUNGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, HUNGARY), bond s i n ta rget protei n s. Pla nt s have fa r more g luta redox i n genes VALÉRIA NAGY (BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF THE than other organisms, mostly due to a large group of class III HUNGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, HUNGARY), ANIKÓ g luta redox i n s t hat i s e xc lu sive to K i ngdom Pla ntae. P rev iou sly, we GALAMBOS (BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF THE HUNGARIAN f u nc t iona l ly a na ly zed a c lu ste r of five c la ss I I I g luta redox i n ge nes ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, HUNGARY), ALISDAIR R FERNIE (MAX- arranged in a tandem array on Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome PLANCK-INSTITUT FÜR MOLEKULARE PFLANZENPHYSIOLOGIE, 4, de mon st rat i ng t hat t hese ge nes a re i nduced by n it rate a nd ac t GERMANY), RALPH BOCK (MAX-PLANCK-INSTITUT FÜR as negative regulators of primary root growth. The purpose of MOLEKULARE PFLANZENPHYSIOLOGIE, GERMANY), SZILVIA this study was to characterize the specific cell- and tissue-level Z TÓTH (BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF THE HUNGARIAN expression domains of three of these glutaredoxin genes: AtGRXS5, ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, HUNGARY) AtGRXS6, and AtGRXS8. T he promote r reg ion s of eac h ge ne we re cloned upstream of the reporter gene GUS in a plant expression [email protected] vector, which was used for plant transformation. Colorimetric GUS a ssays we re t he n pe r for med on t he t ra n sge n ic A rabidopsi s

lines expressing AtGRXS5pro::GUS, AtGRXS6pro::GUS, and Ascorbate (Asc) plays essential roles in stress resistance, AtGRXS8pro::GUS gene fusions. All three genes showed similar developme nt , sig na l i ng, hor mone biosy nt hesi s a nd reg u lat ion of e x pression doma i n s, w it h GUS ac t iv it y loca l i zed i n t he ph loem of ge ne e x pression . I n pla nt s, t he ma i n route for A sc biosy nt hesi s i s t he root a nd shoot t i ssues t h roug hout pla nt developme nt . GUS ge ne L-galactose (Smirnoff-Wheeler) pathway, but inChlamydomonas expression was nitrate-dependent, demonstrating that nitrogen reinhardtii direct physiological and molecular evidence for the regulation of glutaredoxin gene expression is controlled at the operation of the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway was still lacking. transcriptional level. Preliminary studies of plants expressing To eluc idate A sc biosy nt hesi s i n g ree n a lgae, we dec ided to ge ne rate N-terminal translational fusions between yellow fluorescent A sc- de fic ie nt C h la mydomona s t ra n sfor ma nt s. A s a ta rget , we have protein (YFP) and AtGRXS5/6/8 suggest t hat t hese g luta redox i n s a re chosen the VTC2 ge ne, e ncod i ng G DP-L -ga lac tose phosphor yla se, loca l i zed to t he nuc leu s a nd c y tosol. Col lec t ively, bot h ou r fi nd i ngs since in higher plants it is known to be highly regulated and its a nd rece nt st ud ies by ot he rs suggest t hat g luta redox i n s may ac t a s activity has a strong influence on the Asc content; gene expression i mpor ta nt ph loe m-mobi le sig na l s i nvolved i n pla nt n it roge n se n si ng studies on Chlamydomonas suggested the same importance. a nd t he reg u lat ion of root syste m a rc h itec t u re. For the gene silencing, we used the artificial microRNA (amiRNA) approac h wh ic h i s h ig h ly spec i fic i n C h la mydomona s a nd ove rcomes the problem of self-silencing observed with the siRNA approach. The Asc concentrations on our VTC2-amiRNA lines were reduced to 10%, showing that GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase plays a pivotal role in Asc biosynthesis; the VTC2-amiRNA l i nes also grow more slowly, have lower chlorophyll content and smaller l ig ht-ha r vest i ng a nte n na, a nd a re more su scept ible to st ress t ha n the control strains. We also demonstrate that VTC2 e x pression ca n be rapid ly i nduced by reac t ive ox yge n spec ies eve n i n t he abse nce of photosy nt hesi s a nd it lac k s negat ive feedbac k reg u lat ion by A sc in the physiological concentration range. In contrast to plants, we also observe there is no circadian regulation of Asc biosynthesis. I n conc lu sion , ou r work de mon st rates t hat A sc biosy nt hesi s i s h ig h ly reg u lated i n C h la mydomona s v ia d i st i nc t mec ha n i sm s described previously from land plants. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 18

Freeze-thawing experiment showed that drought stress remarkably PC1.40 CELL CULTURE OF i nc rea sed f reeze - d i sr upt coe ffic ie nt of se n sit ive c u lt iva r (4 . 5 fold ACANTHOPHYLLUM GLANDULOSUM L. AS higher than of tolerant one) and severely damaged the epidermal and outer cortex cells of their leaves. The results suggest fructan AN ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF SAPONIN as a flexible soluble carbohydrate with a direct protective effect on me mbra ne i nteg r it y wh ic h plays a c r uc ia l role i n t he tole ra nce of TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION wheat seed l i ng aga i n st d roug ht st ress cond it ion s.

MITRA JAMSHIDI (SEHAT INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL CO, IRAN), FAEZEH GHANATI (TARBIAT MODARES U NI VERSITY, IR A N) PC1.42 MERCURY-INDUCED BIOCHEMICAL AND ROS CHANGE [email protected] IN TWO SPECIES RICE Saponins are structurally-related secondary compounds composed of ste roid or t r ite r penoid ag lycone (sapogen i n) l i n ked to one or more TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION oligosaccharide moieties. Because of their surfactant and foaming properties, saponins are used in production of shampoos, liquid YUNAN CHEN (NATIONAL SUN YET-SEN UNIVERSITY, TAIWAN) detergents, toothpastes. Saponins are also used as emulsifier and long-lasting foaming agent in beverages. Acanthophyllum [email protected] g la ndu losu m L . (Ca r yophyl laceae) i s one of t he endem ic spec ies i n I ra n . T he pla nt ha s bee n t rad it iona l ly u sed a s a dete rge nt due to t he Mercury (Hg) is considered one of the most toxic metals in the preva le nce of sapon i n i n it s root s. Despite t he w ide u se, t he pla nt ha s worldwide with a long half-life. It is known to accumulate in neve r been c u lt ivated , neit he r it ’s va r iou s prope r t ies e.g., sea sona l the living organisms and cause serious damage on growth and va r iat ion s of g row t h have bee n st ud ied . Pla nt t i ssue c u lt u re ha s metabolism of plants. Recent reports revealed that an oxidative potential to produce bioactive compounds with the great advantage stress could be involved in Hg toxicity, by either inducing free of su sta i nabi l it y of c u lt u re. I n t he prese nt st udy sapon i n conte nt s rad ica l produc t ion or by dec rea si ng en z y mat ic a nd non- e n z y mat ic of a rapid g row i ng cel l l i ne of Aca nt hophyl lu m g la ndu losu m L . we re antioxidants. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role compa red w it h t he i ntac t pla nt . Cu lt u res we re establ i shed f rom t he to against the stresses in the plant defense system and maintain seed s i n a mod i fied L S med iu m . Sapon i n s we re e x t rac ted w it h d iet hyl cell grow th and development. Many plants have been shown to et he r a nd n-buta nol a nd we re a ssessed spec t rophotomet r ica l ly u si ng acc u mu late a la rge qua nt it y of prol i ne i n respon se to elevated tox ic a n i sa lde hyde - et hyl acetate a nd va n i l l i n-su l f u r ic met hod for ste roid conce nt rat ion s of heav y meta l s. P rol i ne nor ma l ly acc u mu lates i n a nd t r ite r pe noid sapon i n s, respec t ively. T he conte nt of sapon i n s i n cytoplasm to stabilize the structure of proteins and maintain cell ca l l i wa s eva luated a s 3. 25 mg g DW -1 , wh ic h wa s not iceable vs. of t he redox stat u s. Resea rc h ha s demon st rated prol i ne acc u mu late i n intact roots, 0.4 mg g DW-1 . T he resu lt s c lea rly i nt roduce t he ca l lu s of a large number of species in response to environmental stresses Aca nt hophyl lu m g la ndu losu m L . a s a n appropr iate nat u ra l sou rce suc h a s sa l i n it y, d roug ht, cold , nut r ie nt de fic ienc y, heav y meta l s, for saponins. It is also noteworthy that saponins can be easily and pat hoge n i n fec t ion s a nd h ig h ac id it y. St ud ies have show n prol i ne e ffic ie nt ly e x t rac ted f rom t h i s sou rce. accumulation may have a relationship with lipid peroxidation in

plants under diverse kinds of stress. This study examines H 2 O 2 content, l ipid pe rox idat ion , a nd a nt iox ida nt en z y me ac t iv it ies i n t wo c u lt iva rs of r ice seed l i ngs i n respon se to Hg. O u r prel i m i na r y PC1.41 CRUCIAL ROLE OF FRUCTAN observations indicated that rice seedlings of cultivar Tainung IN THE MAINTENANCE OF MEMBRANES 67 (TNG67) are more tolerant to Hg than those of cultivar Taichung Nat ive 1 ( T N1). We de mon st rated t hat t he h ig he r f ree prol i ne level OF WHEAT SEEDLINGS DURING SEVERE prov ided e ffec t ive protec t ion aga i n st Hg-i nduced st ress, by reduc i ng DROUGHT STRESS f ree rad ica l da mage i n t he cel l s.

TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION

FARNOOSH NEMATI (TARBIAT MODARES UNIVERSITY, IRAN), PC1.43 REGULATION OF GENE FAEZEH GHANATI (TARBIAT MODARES UNIVERSITY, IRAN) EXPRESSIONS IN THE REMOBILIZATION OF CARBON RESERVE IN STRAWS OF [email protected] RICE AT GRAIN FILLING The plasma membrane is thought to be the major target for drought st ress da mage due to c ha nges i n composit ion a nd st r uc t u res of wate r TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION a nd phosphol ipid s. Remova l of wate r f rom t he membra ne d i sr upt s t he nor ma l bi laye r st r uc t u re a nd resu lt s i n t he me mbra ne becom i ng JIANHUA ZHANG (CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG, exceptionally porous when desiccated. Fructan has the capacity to HONG KONG), GUANQUN WANG (CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG stabi l i ze me mbra nes a nd preve nt lea kage du r i ng wate r cessat ion . KONG, HONG KONG), NENGHUI YE (HUNAN AGRICULTURAL In the present study the relationship between fructan content UNIVERSITY, CHINA) a nd me mbra ne da mages wa s eva luated i n 4 - day old seed l i ngs of a drought-tolerant (Sirvan) and a drought-sensitive (Marvdasht) [email protected] wheat c u lt iva r e x posed to 7 days wate r cessat ion a nd subseque nt re-watering. In comparison with sensitive cultivar, the tolerant Carbon reserves in rice straws before flowering contribute to a one acc u mu lated more f r uc ta n (3. 56± 0. 3 µg /g F W ) mea nwh i le significant portion of grain filling. However, the molecular mechanism decreased the level of membrane leakage and lipid peroxidation. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 19

of carbon reserve remobilization from straws (stem and sheath) to grains remains unclear. In this study, we used super rice LYP9 and PC1.45 CALCIUM-INDUCED CALCIUM conventional rice 9311 showing different carbon remobilization RELEASE INDUCED BY COPPER INVOLVES behaviors and analyzed the transcriptomic profiles in their straws at t h ree stages of g ra i n fi l l i ng. A mong t he d i ffe re nt ia l ly e x pressed genes THE ACTIVATION OF FUNCTIONAL ( DGs), 5733 genes we re u n iquely up - or dow n-reg u lated at 30 days a f te r TRPS AND VDCC IN THE MARINE ALGA a nt hesi s ( DA A) bet ween LY P 9 a nd 9311 i n compa r i son to 6 81 at 10 DA A ECTOCARPUS SILICULOSUS a nd 495 at 20 DA A , respec t ively, i nd icat i ng t he d i ffe rent reg u lat ion s at late stage of g ra i n fi l l i ng. T he K EGG pat hway a na lysi s a nd Ge ne TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION Ontology (GO) classification of DGs showed that carbohydrate catabolic pat hway, pla nt hor mone sig na l t ra n sduc t ion a nd photosy nt hesi s pat hway we re t he DGs- e n r ic hed , suggest i ng t he d i ffe re nce of NSC ALBERTO GONZÁLEZ (UNIVERSITY OF SANTIAGO OF CHILE, conte nt, photosy nt hesi s a nd A BA conte nt bet wee n t he t wo c u lt iva rs CHILE), ALEJANDRA MOENNE (UNIVERSITY OF SANTIAGO OF du r i ng g ra i n fi l l i ng. Fu r t he r compa r i son a na lysi s a nd con fi r mat ion by CHILE, CHILE) qRT-PCR and enzyme assays suggest that genes involved in trehalose [email protected] synthesis (TPP, TPS), starch degradation (beta-amylase) and sucrose sy nt hesi s (SPS, SS) we re i mpor ta nt for ca rbon rese r ves remobi l i zat ion Ectocarpus siliculosus i s a brow n mac roa lgae d i st r ibuted w ideworld whe rea s A BA conte nt wa s dete r m i ned by t he cou nte rac t ion bet wee n and the strain Ec524 from Chañaral, a copper polluted site in NCED1 and ABA8ox1 gene. The higher expression level of all these nor t he r n of C h i le, e x h ibit s tole ra nce to coppe r e xcess. T he ge nome ge nes a nd A BA conte nt i n 9311 resu lted i n bet te r e ffic ie nc y of ca rbon of E. siliculosus Ec524 encodes 15 potential mosaic Transient rese r ves re mobi l i zat ion i n 9311 t ha n c u lt iva r of LY P 9. Receptor Pote nt ia l ( T R P) c ha n nel s, ma i n ly a m i x of C a nd M t y pes. E. siliculosus was exposed to agonists of human TRP A1, C, M and V types for 60 min, or to 2.5 µM copper for 12 h, and the increase of int racellular calcium was detected using an speci fic PC1.44 EARLY EVENTS INDUCED BY calcium fluorescent probe and confocal microscopy. In addition, COPPER INVOLVES THE ACTIVATION to c ha rac te r i ze t he c ha n nel s i nvolved i n t he i nt racel lu la r ca lc iu m OF MOSAIC TRP CHANNELS, RELEASE increases, antagonists of human TRPs and VDCC were used. OF AMINOACIDS, SEROTONINE AND Calcium increases were detected using agonists of human TRPs at 13, 29, 39 a nd 51 m i n of e x posu re, a nd e x posu re to coppe r a l so i nduced ADRENALIN, AND ACTIVATION OF calcium increases at 13, 29, 39 and 51 min. These calcium increases GLUTAMATE-, SEROTONIN- AND were product of extracellular calcium entry. Copper expossure ADRENALIN-LIKE RECEPTORS IN showed add it iona l i nt racel lu la r ca lc iu m i nc rea ses at 3 a nd 9 h , t hat were product of calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum THE MARINE ALGA ULVA COMPRESSA a f te r t he ac t ivat ion of V DCC . Fu r t he r more, protei n k i na ses we re fou nd to be i nvolved i n t he coppe r-i nduced ac t ivat ion of T R Ps a nd TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION VDCC. Thus, Ectocarpus siliculosus presented functional mosaic TRP channels activated by copper and VDCC that allows ALEJANDRA MOENNE (UNIVERSITY OF SANTIAGO OF CHILE, extracellular calcium entry leading to intracellular calcium release, CHILE), MELISSA GÓMEZ (UNIVERSITY OF SANTIAGO OF in a calcium-dependent calcium release mechanism. Financed by CHILE, CHILE), ALBERTO GONZÁLEZ (UNIVERSITY OF Postdoctoral Fondecyt 3150440. SANTIAGO OF CHILE, CHILE)

[email protected] PC1.46 CHANGES IN REDOX Coppe r ion s i nduce t he ac t ivat ion of T R P c ha n nels at 4, 8, 13, 8 0 a nd REGULATION AND ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM 86 min and at 5 and 9 h of exposure in Ulva compressa. In order to DURING TRANSITION FROM C TO detec t ea rl ie r respon ses, t he a lga wa s i nc ubated w it h 10 µ M coppe r, 3 a nd w it h i n h ibitors of hu ma n T R Ps A1, C4 /C 5, C 5/ M8, M8 a nd V1 SINGLE CELL C4 PHOTOSYNTHESIS which these were incorporated just after copper addition (time IN BIENERTIA SINUSPERSICI 0), and after 1 and 2 min of copper exposure, and depolarization event s at 4, 8 a nd 13 m i n we re detec ted . Depola r i zat ion s i nvolved TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION the activation of TRP of A1/C5/ M8 at time 0; TRP A1/C4/M8/V1 a f te r 1 m i n ; a nd T R P A1/C 5/ M8, a f te r 2 m i n of coppe r e x posu re. I n addition, inhibitors of glutamate-like receptor (GluR), serotonin BARIS UZILDAY (EGE UNIVERSITY, TURKEY), BARIS and adrenalin receptors were used. Inhibitors of GluR of NMDA UZILDAY (EGE UNIVERSITY, TURKEY), RENGIN OZGUR t y pe, added at t i me 0, i n h ibitors Glu R of A M PA / K A t y pes, added (EGE UNIVERSITY, TURKEY), TOLGA YALCINKAYA (EGE after 1 and 2 min, and inhibitors of serotonin and adrenalin UNIVERSITY, TURKEY), ISMAIL TURKAN (EGE UNIVERSITY, receptors added a f ter 2 m i n i n h ibit depola r i zat ion s at 4, 8 a nd 12 TURKEY), ASKIM H SEKMEN (EGE UNIVERSITY, TURKEY) min. Moreover, release of aminoacids phenylalanine, tryptophan, [email protected] met h ion i ne a nd a rg i n i ne a s wel l a s se roton i n a nd ad re na l i n to t he e x t racel lu la r med iu m wa s detec ted . I n add it ion , protei n k i na ses Bie ne r t ia si nu spe rsic i (C he nopod iaceae), ha s a u n ique mec ha n i sm Ca M K , PK A , PKC a nd PKG pa r t ic ipate i n depola r i zat ion eve nt s at 4, that perform C 4 photosynthesis in a single cell without need of 8 a nd 12 m i n . T hu s, coppe r e xcess i nduces t he ac t ivat ion of mosa ic Kranz anatomy. In this plant, two different compartments in a TRP channels, the release of aminoacids, serotonin, and adrenalin, single chlorenchyma cell can be distinguished with two types and the activation of glutamate-, adrenalin- and serotonin-like of biochemically and structurally different chloroplasts that act receptors wh ic h a re i nvolved i n depola r i zat ion eve nt s obse r ved at as analogues of mesophyll cells bundle sheath cells of C Kranz 4, 8 a nd 12 m i n of coppe r e x posu re. Fi na nced by Fondec y t 116 0 013. 4 ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 20

plants. Development of this specialized mechanism is gradual during plant development. In cells of young leaves, different PC1.48 A NEW PLAYER IN PLANT cellular compartments are not formed and C enzymes are not 4 REDOX HOMEOSTASIS expressed. Therefore, young leaves of Bienertia sinuspersici perform C3 photosy nt hesi s. Si ng le - cel l C 4 photosy nt hesi s ca n on ly be effectively performed when cell maturation is complete. Aim of this TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION work wa s to i nvest igate c ha nges i n redox reg u lat ion a nd a nt iox ida nt defence during transition from C3 to single cell C 4 photosynthesis. JULIA RACHOWKA (INSTITUTE OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND

Fi rst, g radua l development of C 4 photosynthesis was confirmed BIOPHYSICS PAS, POLAND), DOROTA KONOPKA-POSTUPOLSKA with protein blot and qRT-PCR analysis of C4 enzymes. After (INSTITUTE OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS PAS, POLAND) this activities and isoenzymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), cata la se (C AT ), pe rox ida se ( POX ), a scorbate pe rox ida se (A PX ), [email protected] glutathione reductase (GR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) a nd g lutat h ione pool a nd redox stat u s (GSH /GSSG) we re dete r m i ned Annexins are a family of calcium and membrane binding in young, developing and mature leaves. Activities of SOD, APX and protei n s. T hey we re d i scove red i n a l l eu ka r yot ic orga n i sm s a nd POX decrease, while GR and DHAR was increased. Most striking t hei r e x pression occ u rs i n a l l cel l s a nd t i ssues. So fa r t he biolog ica l resu lt s we re t he c ha nges i n i soen z y me pat te r n s of SOD, C AT a nd functions of these proteins in animal cells and organisms has

GR wh ic h we re g radua l t h roug h t ra n sit ion to C 4 photosynthesis. been demonstrated but still very little is known about their Our findings clearly show that it is not possible to rule out the need plant homologues. Certain annexins are involved in the signal for a n e ffic ient redox reg u lat ion du r i ng t he process of eng i nee r i ng transduction and improve the plant tolerance and its adaptation to single cell C4 photosynthesis into a C3 pla nt . sub - opt i ma l e x te r na l cond it ion s. I n ou r rece nt work we showed t hat i nc rea sed level of a n ne x i n A N X D36 i n t he potato ha s a sig n i fica nt impact on plant physiology and biochemistry. We noticed that during high light stress the level of ROS was reduced. Basic metabolic PC1.47 COMPARATIVE PROTEOMICS processes are a significant source of ROS. During evolution plant ANALYSIS PROVIDES NEW CANDIDATES cel l s acqu i red t he abi l it y to u nde rsta nd t hese sig na l s a nd to reac t to t he m to ma i nta i n metabol ic ba la nce. Si nce t hese processes a re FOR ZINC HOMEOSTASIS REGULATION of te n a con seque nce of e x posu re to t he e nv i ron me nt it i s c u r re nt ly IN ARABIDOPSIS believed that the ROS metabolism is a platform for interaction bet ween metabol i sm a nd env i ron menta l fac tors. I n ou r c u r rent TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION project we examine the role of annexin1 from Arabidopsis thaliana in the metabolism of ROS. We measured the level of low molecular weig ht a nt iox ida nt s - g lutat h ione a nd a scorbate, a nd e xa m i ned t he SAHAND AMINI (UNIVERSITY OF LIEGE, BELGIUM), BORJANA ba la nce bet wee n t hei r reduced a nd ox id i zed for m s i n t he muta nt s ARSOVA (FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JÜLICH, GERMANY), MAXIME w it h va r ied level s of a n ne x i n1. A l so, we a na ly zed t he e x pression SCHEEPERS (UNIVERSITY OF LIEGE, BELGIUM), DOMINIQUE of ge nes i nvolved i n redox homeosta si s. T he obse r ved cor relat ion BAIWIR (UNIVERSITY OF LIEGE, BELGIUM), GABRIEL between antioxidant pool and annexin1 level indicate important MAZZUCCHELLI (UNIVERSITY OF LIEGE, BELGIUM), EDWIN role of this protein in regulation of redox homeostasis. DE PAUW (UNIVERSITY OF LIEGE, BELGIUM), MICHELLE WATT (FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JÜLICH, GERMANY), MARC HANIKENNE (UNIVERSITY OF LIEGE, BELGIUM)

[email protected]

Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for plants and around two billion people are depending on grains and legumes as their main Zn sou rce. O n t he ot he r ha nd , t h i s t ra n sit ion meta l i s tox ic for pla nt s at h ig h conce nt rat ion s i n soi l s. T h i s ca l l s for a bet te r u n ravel l i ng of Z n homeosta si s reg u lat ion mec ha n i sm s, i nc lud i ng sen si ng a nd sig na l i ng i n pla nt s. I n orde r to f u l fi l l t h i s a i m , we a re test i ng for novel proteins involved in Zn homeostasis in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. First, quantitative proteomics was performed on root and shoot samples obtained upon Zn starvation and re-supply in different spatio-temporal conditions. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) analysis was also performed for t hose t reat me nt s to mea su re t he Z n conce nt rat ion i n t i ssues. It showed very rapid Zn uptake in root upon re-supply. Moreover, quantitative expression studies of known players of Zn homeostasis con fi r med ou r la rge -sca le proteom ic resu lt s, a lt houg h for a few ge nes lac k of cor relat ion bet ween t ra n sc r ipt a nd protei n reg u lat ion wa s observed. Using clustering, statistical and gene ontology analyses, we selected candidate genes for further studies. Among more than 50 0 0 detec ted protei n s i n root s by shotg u n proteom ics, 75 ge nes we re selec ted for ta rgeted a na lyses. I n ge ne ra l, ou r resu lt s show t hat compa rat ive proteom ics st udy ca n be u sef u l to revea l new playe rs in the Zn regulatory network in plants, which can lead to new Zn biofortification and phytoremediation strategies. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 21

PC1.50 EVOLUTIONARY IMPLICATIONS OF PLASMODESMATA DENSITIES FOR C3 VS. C 4 PHOTOSYNTHESIS

TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION

ROSEMARY G WHITE (CSIRO AGRICULTURE AND FOOD, AUSTRALIA), FLORENCE DANILA (AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), W PAUL QUICK (THE INTERNATIONAL RICE RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PHILIPPINES), STEVEN KELLY (OXFORD UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), SUSANNE VON CAEMMERER (AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), ROBERT T FURBANK (AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA)

[email protected]

Proliferation of plasmodesmata (PD) connections between bundle sheath (BS) and mesophyll (M) cells has been proposed as a key step in evolution of the C 4 photosynthetic mechanism. Lack of quantitative data has hampered further exploration and validation of this hypothesis. Here, we quantify leaf anatomical traits thought to play a role in metabolite transport in 18 species of BEP and PAC M A D g ra sses encompa ssi ng fou r or ig i n s of C4 photosy nt hesi s a nd a l l C 4 subt y pes ( NA DP-M E , NA D -M E , a nd PC K ). A natom ica l t ra it va lues showed l it t le phyloge net ic sig na l w it h i n t h i s cohor t , howeve r, t he re wa s evolut iona r y conve rge nce i n t ra it s a ssoc iated w it h metabol ite t ra n spor t w it h i n C 4 spec ies. Spec i fica l ly, C 4 spec ies exhibited increased PD density at the M-BS cell interface when compa red to C 3 spec ies. Moreove r NA D -M E spec ies, i r respec t ive of evolut iona r y or ig i n , had h ig he r PD den sit y t ha n ot he r C 4 subt y pes which correlates with an enhanced requirement for metabolite t ra n spor t i n t hese spec ies. T hese data suggest t hat PD de n sit y i s a key anatomical enabler of C4 photosy nt hesi s a nd t hat en ha ncement of PD con nec t ion s bet wee n t he mesophyl l a nd bu nd le sheat h cel l s is crucial for establishing a functional C4 lea f. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 22 PC2 PLANT CELL CYCLE AND CYTOSKELETON

ORGANISED BY: JIM MURRAY (CARDIFF UNIVERSITY, UK), PATRICK HUSSEY (UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM, UK) AND WALTER DEWITTE (CARDIFF UNIVERSITY, UK)

PC2.1 NUTRITIONAL CONTROL PC2.13 THE EVOLUTION OF PLANT OF CELL SIZE BY THE GREATWALL- CELL DIVISION ENDOSULFINE-PP2A·B55 PATHWAY TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 14:20 TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 13:40 HENRIK BUSCHMANN (OSNABRÜCK UNIVERSITY, GERMANY) SERGIO MORENO (INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGÍA FUNCIONAL Y [email protected] GENÓMICA, SPAIN), LIVIA PÉREZ-HIDALGO (INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGÍA FUNCIONAL Y GENÓMICA CSIC UNIVERSITY T he mec ha n i sm of cel l d iv i sion ha s u nde rgone sig n i fica nt a lte rat ion s OF SALAMANCA, SPAIN), NATHALIA CHICA (INSTITUTO during the evolution from aquatic streptophyte algae to land plants. DE BIOLOGÍA FUNCIONAL Y GENÓMICA CSIC UNIVERSITY Two new st r uc t u res evolved , t he c y tok i net ic ph rag mopla st a nd OF SALAMANCA, SPAIN), ANA E ROZALÉN (INSTITUTO DE the preprophase band (PPB) of microtubules, whereas the ancestral BIOLOGÍA FUNCIONAL Y GENÓMICA CSIC UNIVERSITY mechanism of cleavage and the centrosomes disappeared. Here we OF SALAMANCA, SPAIN), ANGELA RUBIO (INSTITUTO DE map cel l biolog ica l data on t he recent ly eme rged phylogenet ic t ree BIOLOGÍA FUNCIONAL Y GENÓMICA CSIC UNIVERSITY OF of streptophytes. The tree suggests that after establishment of the SALAMANCA, SPAIN), ALICIA VÁZQUEZ-BOLADO (INSTITUTO ph rag mopla st mec ha n i sm seve ra l g roups i ndepe nde nt ly lost t hei r DE BIOLOGÍA FUNCIONAL Y GENÓMICA CSIC UNIVERSITY OF centrosomes. Surprisingly, the phragmoplast shows reductions in SALAMANCA, SPAIN), NATALIA GARCÍA-BLANCO (INSTITUTO t he Zyg ne matophyceae (t he si ste r to la nd pla nt s), ma ny of wh ic h DE BIOLOGÍA FUNCIONAL Y GENÓMICA CSIC UNIVERSITY OF ret u r ned to c leavage. T he PPB on t he ot he r ha nd evolved stepw i se SALAMANCA, SPAIN) and, most likely, originated in the algae. The phragmoplast-PPB mec ha n i sm establ i shed i n t h i s way se r ved a s a ba si s for t he t h ree - [email protected] dimensional development of land plants. Proliferating cells adjust their cell size depending on the nutritional environment. Cells are large in rich media and small in poor media. This physiological response has been demonstrated in both u n icel lu la r a nd mu lt icel lu la r orga n i sm s. We have recent ly show n t hat t he g reat wa l l- endosu l fi ne ( P pk18 -Igo1, i n fi ssion yea st) pat hway couples t he nut r it iona l e nv i ron me nt to t he cel l c yc le mac h i ne r y by regulating the activity of PP2A·B55 (Chica et al. 2016). I n t he presence of nut r ie nt s, g reat wa l l ( P pk18) protei n k i na se i s i n h ibited by TORC1 a nd PP2 A·B55 i s ac t ive. H ig h level s of PP2 A·B55 preve nt t he ac t ivat ion of m itot ic Cd k1· C yc l i n B a nd cel l s i nc rea se i n si ze i n G2 before t hey u nde rgo m itosi s. W hen nut r ient s a re l i m it i ng, TORC1 ac t iv it y fa l ls off and the activation of greatwall (Ppk18) leads to the phosphorylation of endosu l fi ne ( Igo1) a nd i n h ibit ion of PP2 A·B55, wh ic h i n t u r n a l lows f u l l ac t ivat ion of Cd k1· C yc l i n B a nd e nt r y i nto m itosi s w it h a sma l le r cel l si ze. Give n t he con se r vat ion of t h i s pat hway i n pla nt a nd a n i ma l cel l s, it i s rea sonable to a ssu me t hat t h i s mec ha n i sm i s a l so con se r ved . C h ica et al. 2016. Cu r re nt Biolog y 26, 319 -330. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 23

cell size, e. g. experiments at different temperatures and shifts PC2.3 CELL-SIZE DEPENDENT between them, in the green alga Scenedesmus quadricauda. T he S. PROGRESSION OF THE CELL CYCLE quadricauda divided into 8 daughter cells at 20°C and 30°C but the cell c yc le le ng t h s d i ffe red by a fac tor of t wo. W he n t he c u lt u res g row n at CREATES BOTH HOMEOSTASIS AND 20 °C we re t ra n sfe r red to 30 °C i nto da rk to avoid g row t h i nte r fe rence FLEXIBILITY OF PLANT CELL SIZE t hey d iv ided i nto more cel l s t ha n com m it ted at 20 °C , t he d iv i sion occurred sooner and faster than in control conditions. In contrast, the TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 14:50 cells transferred from 30°C to 20°C mostly divided only nuclei and not cel ls a nd even t hen to sig n i fica nt ly lowe r pe rcentage t ha n t he cont rol cel ls. T h i s suggested t hat t he sa me ‘c r it ica l cel l si ze’ wa s pe rceived JAMES MURRAY (CARDIFF UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), differently at different temperatures. Since peak CDK activity ANGHARAD JONES (CARDIFF UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), cor related w it h m itosis/es a nd protoplast d iv ision /s it suggest s WALTER DEWITTE (CARDIFF UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), the differences in daughter cell size in different temperatures are not RICHARD SMITH (MAX PLANK INSTITUTE FOR PLANT de p e nde nt on c r it ic a l ce l l s i ze b ut rat he r on t he le ve l of C DK ac t iv it y. RESEARCH, GERMANY), JAN TRAAS (ENS LYON, FRANCE) T h i s work wa s suppor ted by t he G A C R ( g ra nt no. 15 - 0 9231S).

[email protected]

Mean cell size at the point of division in plant cells is generally con sta nt for spec i fic cond it ion s a nd cel l t y pes, but t he mec ha n i sm s PC2.4 THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN coupling cell growth and cell cycle control with cell size regulation GIBBERELLIN SIGNALING AND CELL are poorly understood in intact tissues. Here we show that the CYCLE CONTROL cont i nuou sly d iv id i ng field s of cel ls w it h i n t he shoot apica l me r i stem of A rabidopsi s show dy na m ic reg u lat ion of mea n cel l si ze dependent TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 16:30 on developmenta l stage, genot y pe a nd env i ron menta l sig na ls. We show cel l size at d iv ision a nd cel l c ycle leng t h ca n be effec t ively predicted using an iterative two-stage cell cycle model linking CAMILLE M BLAKEBROUGH-FAIRBAIRN (CARDIFF UNIVERSITY, cell growth and two sequential cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) UNITED KINGDOM), WALTER DEWITTE (CARDIFF UNIVERSITY, activities. A single phase model cannot predict the observed effects UNITED KINGDOM), FRANCESCO MASIA (CARDIFF UNIVERSITY, of a lte rat ion s i n G1/S a nd G2/ M k i n sae ac t iv it ies a s dete r m i ned by UNITED KINGDOM), WOLFGANG W LANGBEIN (CARDIFF using mutant and overexpression genotypes. Experimental results UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), WOLFGANG BUSCH (GREGOR conc u r i n show i ng t hat prog ression t h roug h bot h G1/S a nd G2/ M i s MENDEL INSTITUTE, AUSTRIA), KRISTINE HILL (UNIVERSITY flexible in response to both genotype and environmental conditions OF TUEBINGEN, GERMANY), MALCOLM BENNETT (UNIVERSITY a nd t hat bot h t ra n sit ion s a re si ze depe nde nt . We conc lude t hat t he OF NOTTINGHAM, UNITED KINGDOM), JIM AH MURRAY cell-autonomous co-ordination of cell growth and cell division (CARDIFF UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM) prev iou sly obse r ved i n u n icel lu la r orga n i sm s a lso e x i st s i n i ntac t plant tissues, and that observed cell size in growing tissues may [email protected] be a n e me rge nt rat he r t ha n d i rec t ly dete r m i ned prope r t y of cel l s. Due to the sessile nature of plants, cell expansion and proliferation are the key developmental processes that drive plant growth. Reg u lat ion of t hese mec ha n i sm s e nables pla nt s to a lte r t hei r g row t h PC2.2 GROWTH AND CELL CYCLE - rates i n respon se to e nv i ron me nta l a nd developme nta l st i mu l i. T h i s is integrated and co-ordinated by diverse hormonal pathways. NEW INSIGHTS ON MECHANISMS OF Gibbe rel l i n s (G A s) a re pla nt-spec i fic hor mones t hat promote g row t h MUTUAL COORDINATION AS REVEALED a nd reg u late va r iou s developme nta l processes by sig na l l i ng t he BY DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE destruction of a class of nuclear-localised growth repressors known TREATMENT IN GREEN ALGAE as DELLA proteins. Little is known about the link between GA and cel l prol i ferat ion. I n A rabidopsist ha l ia na, t here a re five DEL L A DIVIDING BY MULTIPLE FISSION protei n s t hat ac t a s co -t ra n sc r ipt iona l reg u lators w it h ove rlappi ng but d i st i nc t f u nc t ion s. Two DE L L A protei n s a ssoc iated w it h negat ive TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 16:00 regulation of the GA signalling pathway are GAI (gibberellin insensitive) and RGA (repressor of ga1-3). Our evidence suggests KATERINA BISOVA (INSTITUTE OF MICROBIOLOGY AS t hat G A I a nd RG A reg u late t he G 1 to S pha se of t he pla nt cel l c yc le CR, CZECH REPUBLIC), IVAN IVANOV (INSTITUTE OF a nd a re f u nc t iona l ly d i ffe rent. G A I conta i n s t he L xC x E a m i no ac id MICROBIOLOGY AS CR, CZECH REPUBLIC), VILEM ZACHLEDER mot i f t hat putat ively med iates bi nd i ng to t he R E T I NOBL A STOM A (INSTITUTE OF MICROBIOLOGY AS CR, CZECH REPUBLIC) RELATED (RBR) protein, which prevents the G1-S transition. F R E T-F L I M ha s revea led a n i n sit u i nte rac t ion bet wee n G A I a nd [email protected] R BR , but not w it h RG A t hat conta i n s a mutated mot i f. Fu r t he r more, loss of RG A f u nc t ion reduces t he e ffec t of t he cel l c yc le a nd C YC L I N Some green algae can divide into more than two daughter cells by a DEPENDENT KINASE (CDK) inhibitor, KIP-RELATED PROTEIN2 mechanism called multiple fission. Growth and cell cycle progression on root growth whilst loss ofGAI does not. Hence we suggest that at different growth rates are coordinated so that the daughter cell size the GAI-RBR complex represses cell proliferation and the GAI-RBR re ma i n s stable at d i ffe re nt l ig ht i nte n sit ies wh i l st it c ha nges w it h a ssoc iat ion m ig ht be u nde r t he cont rol of C DK ac t iv it y. te mpe rat u re. T h i s wa s proposed to be ac h ieved by ‘c r it ica l cel l si ze’ attained at commitment point (equivalent of G1/S transition). To gain more insight into coordination between growth and cell cycle prog ression , we pe r for med a se r ies of e x pe r i me nt s t hat a ffec t c r it ica l ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 24

PC2.5 THE ARABIDOPSIS HOMEOBOX PC2.6 CYCD ENHANCED CYTOKININ GENE SHOOT MERISTEMLESS SENSITIVITY: A LINK BETWEEN HAS CELLULAR AND MERISTEM- MORPHOGENESIS AND CELL DIVISION ORGANISATIONAL ROLES WITH IN HIGHER PLANTS? DIFFERENTIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CYTOKININ AND CYCD3 ACTIVITY TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 17:00

TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 16:45 WALTER DEWITTE (CARDIFF SCHOOL OF BIOSCIENCES, UNITED KINGDOM), EMILY SORNAY (CARDIFF SCHOOL OF BIOSCIENCES, UNITED KINGDOM), ANGHARAD JONES SIMON SCOFIELD (CARDIFF UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM) (CARDIFF SCHOOL OF BIOSCIENCES, UNITED KINGDOM), [email protected] LISA DE MULDER (CARDIFF SCHOOL OF BIOSCIENCES, UNITED KINGDOM), ENGELMANN JENNY (CARDIFF SCHOOL The Arabidopsis class-1 KNOX gene SHOOT MERISTEMLESS OF BIOSCIENCES, UNITED KINGDOM), DAN GRIFFITHS (ST M ) e ncodes a homeodoma i n t ra n sc r ipt ion fac tor esse nt ia l for (CARDIFF SCHOOL OF BIOSCIENCES, UNITED KINGDOM), shoot apica l me r i stem (SA M ) for mat ion a nd su sta i ned ac t iv it y. LIRON SHENHAV (CARDIFF SCHOOL OF BIOSCIENCES, ST M ac t ivates c y tok i n i n biosy nt hesi s i n t he SA M , but it i s u nc lea r UNITED KINGDOM), ONDREJ NOVAK (LABORATORY OF t he e x tent to wh ic h ST M f u nc t ion i s med iated t h roug h c y tok i n i n . GROWTH REGULATORS, CZECH REPUBLIC), MIREK STRNAD Here we show that STM inhibits cellular differentiation and (LABORATORY OF GROWTH REGULATORS, CZECH REPUBLIC), e ndoredupl icat ion , ac t i ng t h roug h c y tok i n i n a nd t he c y tok i n i n- BEATRIX HORVATH (ROYAL HOLLOWAY UNIVERSITY OF i nduc ible C YC D3 cel l c yc le reg u lators, establ i sh i ng a mec ha n i st ic LONDON, UNITED KINGDOM), BEN SCHERES (UNIVERSITY OF l i n k to cel l c yc le cont rol wh ic h prov ides su sta i ned m itot ic ac t iv it y WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS), JIM MURRAY (CARDIFF SCHOOL to ma i nta i n a pool of u nd i ffe re nt iated cel l s i n t he SA M . Equ iva le nt OF BIOSCIENCES, UNITED KINGDOM) functions are revealed for the related KNOX genes KNAT1/BP and [email protected] K NAT2 t h roug h ec topic e x pression . ST M i s a l so requ i red for prope r me r i stem orga n i sat ion a nd ca n i nduce de novo me r i stem for mat ion Entry into the mitotic cell cycle is triggered by cyclin-cyclin whe n e x pressed ec topica l ly, eve n whe n c y tok i n i n level s a re reduced depe nda nt k i na ses comple xes t hat i nac t ivate t he Ret i nobla stoma or cytokinin signaling is impaired. This function in meristem protein, promoting G1 to S phas transition. CYCD cyclins/CDK establish ment and organisation can be replaced by K NAT1/BP, comple xes i nac t ivate R BR by hy pe r phosphor ylat ion , a nd a s suc h but not KNAT2, despite its activation of CK responses, suggesting they are rate limiting for cell division in patterning and growth promot ion of C K respon ses a lone i s i n su ffic ient for SA M orga n i sat ion . i n A rabidopsi s t ha l ia na. Si nce C YC D genes a re i nduced by m itogen ic We propose t hat ST M ha s dua l cel lu la r a nd me r i ste m- orga n i sat iona l signals such as cytokinins and sugars, they have been described f u nc t ion s t hat a re d i ffe re nt ia l ly represe nted i n t he c la ss-1 K NOX dow n st rea m ta rget s of m itoge n ic sig na l l i ng, ac t i ng at t he i nte r face ge ne fa m i ly a nd have d i ffe r i ng requ i re me nt s for C K a nd C YC D3. of t he cel l c yc le a nd developme nt a nd physiolog y. Now seve ra l l i nes of ev ide nce i nd icate t hat t he C YC D3 ge nes med iate t he respon se of tissues towards cytokinins. Varying CYCD levels affects regeneration in tissue culture, greening of calli an auxin homeostasis w ithout in fluencing endogenous cy tok in in levels. Induction of C YC D3 i n flue nces t he t ra n sc r ipt level s e ncod i ng for A R R c y tok i n i n response regulators, and modulates the expression of the TCS::GFP c y tok i n i n sig na l l i ng repor te r. T h i s suggest s t hat c y tok i n i n i nduced C YC D3 genes ac t i n a posit ive feed-for wa rd loop w it h c y tok i n i n s, l i n k i ng cel l d iv i sion w it h c y tok i n i n med iated mor phoge nesi s. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 25

cd kg1-/-muta nt s w it h seve ra l wel l c ha rac te r i zed meiot ic muta nt s. PC2.7 CONTROL OVER DIVISIONS Our results suggest that CDKG1 acts upstream of the decision to go AND TRANSITIONS IN THE through a class I or class II crossover pathway. In addition, we found that CDKG1 is alternatively spliced in a temperature-dependent STOMATAL LINEAGE manner. The two splice variants have distinct sub-cellular loca l i zat ion s suggest i ng a subspec ia l i sat ion of i sofor m f u nc t ion WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 09:00 a s wa s obse r ved w it h t he C DKG1 ma m ma l ia n cou nte r pa r t C DK11.

DOMINIQUE BERGMANN (STANFORD UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES), ABIGAIL SIMMONS (STANFORD UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES), KELLI DAVIES (STANFORD UNIVERSITY, PC2.9 MOLECULAR CONTROL OF UNITED STATES) FORMATIVE CELL DIVISIONS IN [email protected] THE ARABIDOPSIS ROOT

Developmental cell fate transitions require the regulation of WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 09:55 d iv i sion a nd d i ffe re nt iat ion processes i n orde r to cor rec t ly pat te r n and organize tissues. In Arabidopsis stomatal development, the IVE DE SMET (VIB-UGENT CENTER FOR PLANT SYSTEMS potential for multiple asymmetric divisions among stomatal lineage BIOLOGY, BELGIUM) precursors allows flexibility and expansion of the population used to build the tissue, while a single symmetric division in late [email protected] stomata l prec u rsors i s requ i red to c reate t he g ua rd cel l pa i r. How t he t ra n sit ion s i nto a nd out of i nte r med iate states a re reg u lated , Pla nt s rely on coord i nated for mat ive cel l d iv i sion for t he for mat ion of howeve r, i s not wel l u nde rstood . I n a n i ma ls, t he con se r ved DR E A M / new cel l t y pes a nd t i ssues. For e xa mple, i n t he A rabidopsi s pr i ma r y M M B comple x reg u lates ge ne e x pression du r i ng prol i fe rat ion a nd root tip, columella stem cells - upon formative cell division - give differentiation. We identified homologues of LIN54/MIP120, rise to new stem cells and daughter cells that will differentiate. In a core DNA-binding component of the DREAM/MMB complex, as add it ion to cont rol l i ng pr i ma r y root g row t h , developi ng late ra l root s ta rget s of t he ma ste r reg u lator t ra n sc r ipt ion fac tor SPE EC H L ESS is another strategy which allows the plant to maximize the area and demonstrate their role in enforcing efficient transitions over wh ich nut r ients a re absorbed, a nd f u r t her a l lows t he pla nt bet wee n i nte r med iate cel l states i n t he stomata l l i neage. to a nc hor it sel f more fi r m ly i n t he soi l. T he development of late ra l root primordia goes through several well-described stages, with t he fi rst stages bei ng essent ia l for prope r late ra l root pr i mord iu m development. Ty pica l ly, stage 1 compr i ses t wo rou nd s of a sy m met r ic PC2.8 THE CDKG1 PROTEIN KINASE IS cell divisions of a small set of pericycle founder cells, forming smaller ESSENTIAL FOR MALE MEIOSIS AT HIGH daughter cells with distinct cell fates. At stage 2, a rotation in the plane of division occurs; the cells divide periclinally toward the outer AMBIENT TEMPERATURE t i ssues for m i ng a n oute r laye r a nd a n i n ne r laye r. He re, I w i l l d i sc u ss ou r latest resu lt s on t he role of sma l l sig na l l i ng pept ides ( R A L F L 34 WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 09:40 and CEP5), the receptor kinase ACR4, the phosphatase PP2A, and the cell wall remodelling enzyme EXPA1 in regulating the JOHN DOONAN (NATIONAL PLANT PHENOMICS CENTRE IBERS above-described processes. ABERYSTWYTH UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), JOHN NIBAU (NATIONAL PLANT PHENOMICS CENTRE IBERS ABERYSTWYTH UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), DESPIONA DADAROU (NATIONAL PLANT PHENOMICS CENTRE IBERS ABERYSTWYTH UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), FOTIENI TSILIMIGKA (NATIONAL PLANT PHENOMICS CENTRE IBERS ABERYSTWYTH UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), DYLAN PHILIPS (ABERYSTWYTH UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), GLYN JENKINS (ABERYSTWYTH UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), NICOLA CAVALLARI (MAX F. PERUTZ LABORATORIES MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA, AUSTRIA), ANDREA BARTA (MAX F. PERUTZ LABORATORIES MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA, AUSTRIA), TAO ZHENG (INSTITUTE OF VIROLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY ZHEJIANG ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE, CHINA)

[email protected]

T he A rabidopsi s C DKG gene de fi nes a c lade of c yc l i n- dependent protein kinases, structurally and functionally related to kinases fou nd i n t he Ph1 loc u s t hat suppress homeologou s recombi nat ion in wheat. We recently demonstrated that CDKG1/CYCLINL is essential for synapsis and recombination during male meiosis at h ig h a mbient tempe rat u re. I n orde r to dete r m i ne whe re i n t he meiot ic recombi nat ion pat hway t he C DKG1 i s ac t i ng, we c rossed ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 26

band and phragmoplast position in pok1 pok2 double mutants. PC2.10 RETINOBLASTOMA - A CENTRAL POK1 is recruited to the preprophase band and then retained at REGULATOR OF DNA DAMAGE RESPONSE the cortical division site throughout mitosis. Cortical division site markers TANGLED and RanGAP1, which both interact w it h t he ca rbox y (C) -ter m i na l of POK1 a re lost f rom t he cor t ica l WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 11:00 d iv i sion site i n pok1 pok2 muta nt s suggest i ng t hat POK s ac t a s a molecular framework to preserve cortical division site identity. ARP SCHNITTGER (UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG, GERMANY) To ga i n f u r t he r i n sig ht on how POK protei n s se r ve a s sca ffold s for cor t ica l d iv i sion site reside nt protei n s a nd how t hey cont r ibute to [email protected] phragmoplast guidance, we pursue cell biological characterization of POK dependent pathways using the pok1 pok2 double muta nt The retinoblastoma protein (Rb), which typically functions as as a genetic tool and we dissect POK functions by characterization a transcriptional repressor of E2F-regulated genes, represents of t hei r protei n doma i n s. a major control hub of the cell cycle. In addition, Rb has been implicated in many aspects of eukaryotic life including cell differentiation. Here, we show that loss of the Arabidopsis Rb homolog RETINOBLASTOM A-RELATED 1 (RBR1) leads to cell PC2.12 KINESIN-4-MEDIATED death, especially upon exposure to genotoxic drugs. Slowing SHORTENING OF MICROTUBULE OVERLAP down the cell cycle by concomitantly reducing cyclin-dependent k i na se (C DK ) ac t iv it y la rgely preve nted cel l deat h . Howeve r, eve n REGIONS AS A MECHANISM TO CONTROL the rbr1 cdk double mutant had elevated levels of DNA damage POLARITY IN MICROTUBULE ARRAYS a f te r e x posu re to ge notox ic d r ugs i nd icat i ng a d i rec t role of R BR1 in the DNA-damage response (DDR). Consistent with its role as a WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 14:30 transcriptional repressor, we find that RBR1 directly binds to and represses key DDR genes such as RADIATION SENSITIVE 51 (RAD51), TIJS KETELAAR (WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS), leaving it unclear why rbr1 mutants are hypersensitive to DNA JEROEN DE KEIJZER (WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY, damage. However, we find that RBR1 is also required for RAD51 NETHERLANDS), RUBEN VAN SPOORDONK (WAGENINGEN loca l izat ion to DNA lesions. We f u r t her show t hat R BR1 is itsel f UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS), JOANNE VAN DER MEER - targeted to DNA break sites, dependent on the activity of a plant VERWEIJ (WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS), spec i fic c la ss of C DK s, i.e. C DK B1s, wh ic h we have recent ly ident i fied MARCEL JANSON (WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS) as key regulators of DDR in plants. Thus, there is a regulatory cascade emerging that is important for the assembly of DNA-bound repair [email protected] complexes. Based on its central role in DDR, we have now obtained the genome-wide binding profile of RBR1 in Arabidopsis. This has During plant cytokinesis, cells initiate a new cell wall segment led to the identification of several novel genes involved in DDR that separates the two daughter cells. For this, the cell plate, a t hat a re prese nted he re. d i sk-shaped cel l wa l l prec u rsor i s deposited . Cel l plate deposit ion sta r ts i n t he cent re of t he cel l t hat ex pa nds rad ia l ly towa rds t he parental cell walls. The position of the cell plate is templated by the bipolar phragmoplast microtubule network that is thought PC2.11 SPATIAL CONTROL OF to deliver vesicles containing cell wall precursors to the division CYTOKINESIS IN ARABIDOPSIS pla ne. Rece nt ly we have show n t hat i n t he moss, Physcom it rel la THALIANA paten s i n it ia l acc u mu lat ion of mate r ia ls for cel l plate for mat ion occurs along regions of microtubule overlap in the centre of the phragmoplast. Kinesin-4 mediated shortening of these microtubule WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 13:50 overlaps is required to spatially confine cell plate deposition. In the absence of shortening, wider cell plate deposition resulted into cell SABINE MULLER (UNIVERSITY OF TUEBINGEN, GERMANY), wa l l s t hat we re t h ic k a nd i r reg u la rly spaced . T hu s, t he reg u la rly ARVID HERRMANN (UNIVERSITY OF TUEBINGEN, GERMANY), spaced shor t m ic rot ubu le ove rlaps i n t he ph rag mopla st m id zone PANTELEIMON LIVANOS (UNIVERSITY OF TUEBINGEN, prov ide a lat t ice on wh ic h a new cel l wa l l seg me nt ca n be sca ffolded . GERMANY), ELISABETH LIPKA (UNIVERSITY OF Next, we focused on the interphase microtubule array of TUEBINGEN, GERMANY) t ip -g row i ng protone ma cel l s a nd show t hat K i nesi n- 4 pe r for m s a similar function in shortening of microtubule overlaps in this [email protected] array. Loss of Kinesin-4 leads to bipolarisation and hyper- parallelization of the microtubule array, which in turn reduces The timing and orientation of cell divisions in plants significantly the ability of caulonema tip cells to alter their growth direction. cont r ibutes to cellu la r mor phogenesis. Du r i ng cy tok i nesis, cell T hese resu lt s ide nt i f y K i nesi n- 4 med iated cont rol of m ic rot ubu le plate for mat ion i n it iates i n t he d iv ision pla ne a nd its ex pa nsion overlap lengths as a novel mechanism to maintain a uniform polarity progresses laterally towards the parental wall, aided by the and limit the amount of cross-linking in the plant interphase cytoskeletal phragmoplast. Intriguingly, the site of cell plate microtubule array. attachment, designated the cortical division site is already selected at t he G2/M t ra nsit ion a nd del i neated at t he cel l cor tex by the preprophase band. However, the molecular pathways that enable maintenance of the cortical division site and its recog n it ion by t he approac h i ng ph rag mopla st a re poorly de fi ned . Simultaneous mutation of the functionally redundant pair of PHRAGMPOLAST ORIENTING KINESIN (POK)1and POK2 lead to oblique cell wall insertions due to the mismatch of preprophase ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 27

M Na se -seq a nd R NA-seq to k noc k- out /ove r- e x pressors of E2 Fc a nd PC2.14 INTERACTIONS OF THE PLANT C YC D3 respec t ively, we show sig n i fica nt c h romat i n reorga n i sat ion CYTOSKELETON WITH MEMBRANES effects occurring during cell cycle.

WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 15:45 PC2.16 MITOCHONDRIAL-DEPENDENT PATRICK J HUSSEY (DURHAM UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM) NO HOMEOSTASIS DRIVES ROOT [email protected] DEVELOPMENT

Pla nt s do not have t he w ide va r iet y of adaptor protei n s to produce t he WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION spec ia l i zed sites of i nte rac t ion bet wee n ac t i n a nd me mbra nes t hat a re present i n a n i ma l cel ls. Howeve r, ac t i n-membra ne i nte rac t ion s within plant cells are critical for the positioning of subcellular LUIS SANZ (SPANISH-PORTUGUESE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH compartments, for coordinating intercellular communication, INSTITUTE (CIALE), SPAIN), TAMARA LECHÓN (SPANISH- a nd for me mbra ne defor mat ion . Novel fac tors a re t he refore l i kely PORTUGUESE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE (CIALE), to provide interfaces at actin-membrane contacts in plants, SPAIN), NOEL BLANCO-TOURIÑÁN (INSTITUTE FOR PLANT for example, the plant-specific Networked (NET) superfamily MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY (IBMCP), SPAIN), VIRGINIA of actin-binding proteins. The coordinated action of other PALOMARES (SPANISH-PORTUGUESE AGRICULTURAL actin binding/regulating proteins may also be involved in the RESEARCH INSTITUTE (CIALE), SPAIN), MIGUEL A BLÁZQUEZ cytoskeleton’s interaction with membranes, for example, the actin (INSTITUTE FOR PLANT MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY nuc leat i ng comple x A r p2/3 a nd it ’s reg u lator y net work i nvolv i ng (IBMCP), SPAIN), IVETT BÁRÁNY (CENTRE FOR BIOLOGICAL the SCAR/WAVE complex. Here, recent developments on the RESEARCH (CIB), SPAIN), MIGUEL A MORENO-RISUEÑO molecular mechanism of the actin cytoskeleton - membrane (CENTRE FOR PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENOMICS i nte rac t ion w i l l be d i sc u ssed . (CBGP), SPAIN), MARI C RISUEÑO (CENTRE FOR BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH (CIB), SPAIN), PILAR S TESTILLANO (CENTRE FOR BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH (CIB), SPAIN), WALTER DEWITTE (CARDIFF UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), ÓSCAR LORENZO PC2.15 GENOME-WIDE CHROMATIN (SPANISH-PORTUGUESE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE MAPPING WITH SIZE RESOLUTION (CIALE), SPAIN) REVEALS A DYNAMIC SUB-NUCLEOSOMAL [email protected]

LANDSCAPE IN ARABIDOPSIS Root development has been greatly studied through the use of the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana. Development of the WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION A rabidopsi s root i s a dy na m ic process t hat i nvolves t he i nteg rat ion of different signals to regulate complex gene networks. Our recent EMILY SORNAY (CARDIFF UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), resea rc h ha s u ncove red a role for n it r ic ox ide ( NO) on pr i ma r y root DANIEL A PASS (CARDIFF UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), growth. NO accumulates in cortex/endodermis stem cells and NICHOLAS A KENT (CARDIFF UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), their immediate progeny, generating endodermal and cortical ANGELA MARCHBANK (CARDIFF UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), tissues, suggesting that NO could play an important role in JIM A H MURRAY (CARDIFF UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM) regulating stem cell decisions, as has been reported in animals. Mitochondria play an essential role during root growth [email protected] to supply energy and required substrates. Current studies propose that mitochondria are one of the major producers of A l l eu ka r yot ic genomes a re ent w i ned a s c h romat i n , whe re DNA NO in plants. In particular, the PROHIBITIN3 (PHB3) andNO- is interlaced with both regularly patterned nucleosomes and A SSOC I AT E D1 ( NOA1) genes a re e x pressed i n root m itoc hond r ia other mobile/labile sub-nucleosomal-sized protein structures a nd have bee n repor ted to i n flue nce NO level s i n d i ffe re nt t i ssues. such as transcription factors (TF) and initiation complexes. We pe r for med a t ra n sc r iptom ic meta-a na lysi s bet wee n NOA1 a nd The nucleosomal landscape depicting chromatin structure PH B3 ta rget s, a nd we fou nd a putat ive l i n k bet wee n bot h protei n s maps a re generated usi ng t he d i fferent ia l m icrococca l nuclease during root development. Loss-of-function mutantatphb3provokes ( M Na se) d igest ion combi ned w it h pa i red- end sequenc i ng ( Kentet defec t s i n root development, i nc lud i ng dec rea sed me r i stemat ic cel l a l. 2011, Nuc leic Ac id s Resea rc h). Add it iona l ly, i ncor porat ion of produc t ion , wh i le it st r i k i ng ly i nc rea ses e x pression of m itot ic ma rke r R NA seq e x pression data prov ides i n sig ht i nto t he t ra n sc r ipt iona l CYCB1;1. In addition, PHB3 and NOA1 jointly affect mitochondrial activity of the identified DNA-bound with varying particle size. biogenesi s a nd ste m cel l ac t iv it y by reg u lat i ngW USC H E L -related Combining differential intensities of MNase-seq and homeobox5(WOX5) expression, which is specifically expressed total RNAseq onArabidopsis thalianaCol-0 wild-type i n t he qu iesce nt ce nte r (QC). in vitro cell culture, has enabled the mapping of small complexes surrounding genomic features and their differing strengths of correlation to gene expression. We previously showed that the presence of sensitive positions and a labile -1 nucleosome upstream of the TSS of active genes. Cell cycle is a dynamic process. The regulation of its progression and chromatin structure are intertwined and essential to the t ransfer of the proper genetic and epigenetic infor mation to the daughter cells. E2Fc and CYCD3 are core regulators involved in the transmission G1-to-S phase of the cell cycle. Applying differential ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 28

PC3 MEMBRANE DYNAMICS: SIGNALLING AND POLARITY

ORGANISED BY: NICK MONK (UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, UK) AND KATIE FISHER (UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, UK)

PC3.1 TUNING NOTCH SIGNALLING PC3.2 CRUMBS PREVENTS THROUGH AND AN ENDOCYTIC ECTOPIC NOTCH ACTIVATION REGULATORY NETWORK: IN DROSOPHILA BY INHIBITING REVISITING OLD GENETIC LIGAND-INDEPENDENT ENDOCYTOSIS PROBLEMS WITH NEW INSIGHTS MONDAY 3 JULY, 2017 09:40 MONDAY 3 JULY, 2017 09:00 LINDA NEMETSCHKE (MPI-CBG, GERMANY), ELISABETH KNUST (MPI-CBG, GERMANY) MARTIN BARON (UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER, UNITED KINGDOM), MARIAN B WILKIN (UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER, [email protected] UNITED KINGDOM), HIDEYUKI SHIMIZU (UNIVERSITY OF

MANCHESTER, UNITED KINGDOM), SIMON WILKIN (UNIVERSITY Crumbs and Notch are two evolutionary conserved, apically OF MANCHESTER, UNITED KINGDOM), BARBORA TRUBENOVA localized transmembrane proteins with big extracellular domains (UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER, UNITED KINGDOM), NICK MONK rich in EGF-like repeats. Crumbs is one of the key determinants of (UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, UNITED KINGDOM), GIULIA apical-basal polarity. Notch is a ubiquitously expressed receptor, MONTECONE (UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER, UNITED KINGDOM), which performs a plethora of functions; therefore, its activity ZHI HUANG (UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER, UNITED KINGDOM) has to be tightly regulated. Here we show that Drosophila C r u mbs prevents Notch endocytosis in developing wings through direct [email protected] i nte rac t ion bet wee n t he t wo protei n s. Notc h e ndoc y tosi s i n t he absence of C r u mbs does not requ i re t he l iga nd s Delta a nd Se r rate The Notch gene encodes a fundamentally important, highly or γ-secretase activity. Yet, it results in activation of the ligand- conserved cell signalling receptor and there are few biological independent, Deltex-dependent Notch signalling pathway. This processes t hat a re not i mpac ted on by it s ac t iv it y, f rom orga noge nesi s function of Crumbs is not due to general defects in apico-basal to stem cell regulation, from brain development to memory pola r it y, a s loca l i sat ion of ot he r apica l protei n s i s u na ffec ted . O u r for mat ion , w it h w idespread i mpl icat ion s for hu ma n hea lt h . T he re data revea l a new mec ha n i sm to cont rol loca l i sat ion a nd ac t iv it y of have been 10 0 yea rs of st udy of t he Notc h gene fol low i ng pionee r i ng t he pote nt Notc h receptor, a nd u ncove r a novel role of C r u mbs, wh ic h work on mechanisms of inheritance by Thomas Hunt Morgan. is independent of its role in apico-basal polarity. Mutat iona l a na lysi s of Notc h subseque nt ly revea led it s comple x genetics with many different context-dependent alleles exhibiting tissue specific, often temperature sensitive phenotypes whose mec ha n i st ic ba ses a re poorly u nde rstood . T h roug h computat iona l simulation, cell biology and whole genome RNAi studies, we showed PC3.3 ROLE OF THE Rsr1 GTPase that the setting of Notch signalling levels is deeply embedded in IN CANDIDA ALBICANS HYPHAL t he physiolog y of t he cel l t h rough t he operat ion of a n endocy t ic GUIDANCE - AND BEYOND trafficking network that tunes signal activity by regulating Notch flu x towa rd s i n h ibitor y or sig na l ac t ivat ion outcomes. O u r new model ca n e x pla i n long sta nd i ng obse r vat ion s of pe r ple x i ng te mpe rat u re MONDAY 3 JULY, 2017 10:10 and genetic background dependent switching between loss and ga i n of f u nc t ion Notc h sig na l l i ng phenot y pes i n D rosoph i la a nd i s TINA BEDEKOVIC (UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN, UNITED prov id i ng a new ove r v iew to u nde rsta nd t he relat ion sh ip bet ween KINGDOM), ALEXANDRA C BRAND (UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN, st r uc t u re a nd f u nc t ion of Notc h a nd it s muta nt phe not y pes. UNITED KINGDOM)

[email protected]

Candida albicans i s a n oppor t u n i st ic f u nga l pat hoge n t hat ca n cau se syste m ic i n fec t ion s i n i m mu nocomprom i sed pat ie nt s, whe re t he for mat ion of i nva sive hy pha l fi la me nt s cont r ibutes to fata l level s of sepsi s a nd orga n fa i lu re. Hy pha-med iated t i ssue da mage depe nd s on directional growth responses that are regulated by the small N-Ras-like GTPase, Rsr1. In S. cerevisiae, R sr1 i s a K-R a s a nd spec i fies ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 29

the yeast bud site where it is activated by its guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), Bud5, and de-activated by its GTPase PC3.5 THE COMPLEX RELATIONSHIP activating protein (GAP), Bud2. However, its role in C. albicans BETWEEN POLARIZED GROWTH AND hy phae i s less wel l u nde rstood . T he site of R sr1 ac t iv it y i s t houg ht to be reg u lated by t he loca l i zat ion of Bud 5 a nd Bud 2 at t he t ip a nd CELL POLARITY subapical region of hy phae, respectively. We generated mutant strains expressing a single copy of Rsr1 GDP-locked (Rsr1K16N) or MONDAY 3 JULY, 2017 14:00 GTP-locked (Rsr1G12V) a nd f u sed t hem w it h Y F P to f u r t he r eluc idate t he reg u lat ion of R sr1 i n hy phae. He re we show t hat Y F P-R sr1K16N NATASHA S SAVAGE (UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL, and YFP-Rsr1G12V are differentially localised. Affinity purification UNITED KINGDOM) of hete rologou sly- e x pressed GST-tagged muta nt ve rsion s of R sr1 aga i n st lysates of yea st a nd hy phae suggest s t hat ac t iv it y state [email protected] a nd cel l mor pholog y d i ffe rent ia l ly dete r m i ne t he bi nd i ng pa r t ne rs of R sr1. T hese data, toget he r w it h phe not y pic a na lyses, i nd icate Cell morphology and cell function are inextricably linked. One factor t hat R sr1 may not on ly have a role i n g row t h-site selec t ion , but a l so of mor pholog y cont rol is loca l ized (pola r ized) g row t h. E xoc y t ic i n nuc lea r ploidy a nd cel l st ress respon ses. T hese fi nd i ngs suggest vesicles provide the plasma membrane needed for cell growth. that the role of N-Ras Rsr1 GTPase in C. albicans e x tend s beyond Localizing the delivery, and insertion, of exocytic vesicles to directional growth. spec i fic g row t h a rea s i s t he job of t he R ho GT Pa ses Cdc4 2 a nd R ac1. I n t h i s prese ntat ion we w i l l ta l k about t he i nte r play bet wee n polarized patches of Cdc42/Rac1, which mark the sites of vesicle insertion (polarized growth), and the act of vesicle insertion itself. PC3.4 COORDINATION IS KEY - We w i l l u se work u nde r ta ke n i n f u nga l spec ies a nd i n si l ico to suppor t RHOGTPASE RECRUITMENT AND PROTEIN t he d i sc u ssion s but t he ba sic pr i nc iples add ressed have i mpl icat ion s COMPLEX ASSEMBLY AT THE ROOT HAIR on a l l h ig he r eu ka r yotes. INITIATION DOMAIN

MONDAY 3 JULY, 2017 10:25 PC3.6 MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF COORDINATED CELL POLARISATION PHILIPP DENNINGER (COS HEIDELBERG, GERMANY), IN THE DROSOPHILA WING GUIDO GROSSMANN (COS-HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) MONDAY 3 JULY, 2017 14:40 [email protected] KATHERINE H FISHER (UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, UNITED We st udy t he establ i sh me nt of pola r pla sma me mbra ne doma i n s KINGDOM), NICHOLAS A MONK (UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, u si ng root ha i r i n it iat ion i n A rabidopsi s a s a model syste m . T h i s UNITED KINGDOM), DAVID STRUTT (UNIVERSITY OF process i nvolves rec r u it ment a nd ac t ivat ion of sma l l GT Pa ses, a SHEFFIELD, UNITED KINGDOM) com mon mec ha n i sm i n a l l eu ka r yotes. Despite t he con se r ved nat u re of pola r g row t h, ou r u ndersta nd i ng of t he mecha n isms how t he [email protected] pla sma me mbra ne i s spec i fied loca l ly a nd how protei n rec r u it me nt is coordinated is limited. To resolve the stepwise assembly of The beautiful and diverse patterns observed throughout nature the tip growth machinery we followed the timed association of or ig i nate f rom a com mon process of sy m met r y brea k i ng. A n i ma l 34 proteins involved in root hair initiation and present a time-line st r ipes, t he bra nc hes of a t ree a nd even t he c ha rac te r i st ic shape of of membrane domain formation. Rho-like GTPases from plants ou r ow n ha nd s a re e xa mples of spat ia l pat te r n s, whe re g row t h or ( ROPs) a re a mong t he fi rst protei n s to acc u mu late at t he root ha i r defor mat ion occ u r at va r y i ng rates ove r t i ssues a nd prefe re nt ia l ly i n it iat ion site, fol lowed by mu lt iple fac tors of d i ffe re nt f u nc t ion s. i n pa r t ic u la r d i rec t ion s. T h i s pat te r ned g row t h i s sel f- orga n i sed , ROPs are known key players for polar growth, but it remains unclear coord i nated by i nte r na l r u les at a cel lu la r level. A major c ha l le nge whet he r t hey ma rk t he site of ha i r eme rgence or fol low upst rea m is to decipher these r ules with the ultimate aim of preventing or dete r m i na nt s. To ide nt i f y ge nes w it h a role i n ROP rec r u it me nt, t reat i ng developmenta l defec t s t hat a r i se f rom e r rors i n t h i s process. we a na ly zed k now n a nd putat ive ROP i nte rac tors. We ident i fied The specification and coordination of orientations within candidates that associate with the root hair initiation domain growing tissues remain poorly understood. My research employs concurrently with ROP2. In loss-of-function mutants, ROP2 powerful genetics and image analysis of the developing Drosophila acc u mu lat ion a nd , con sequent ly, root ha i r i n it iat ion wa s i mpa i red . w i ng to dete r m i ne how cel ls become pola r ised a nd how pola r it y Upon ove re x pression of selec ted ma rke rs, ec topic pola r doma i n s i s coord i nated at a t i ssue sca le. I have developed a computat iona l were formed at the plasma membrane that were able to recruit ROP2. model to determine whether particular hypothesised molecular O u r resu lt s suggest a mec ha n i sm t hat i nvolves rec r u it ment fac tors mec ha n i sm s ca n accou nt for t he obse r ved pat te r n s of pola r it y. We t hat ma rk t he root ha i r i n it iat ion doma i n a nd a re necessa r y a nd have e x pe r i me nta l ly tested model pred ic t ion s to u ncove r how t he sufficient for the polar accumulation of Rho-GTPases to the plasma Fat / Dac h sou s molec u la r syste m ca n e x t rac t vec tor ia l i n for mat ion me mbra ne - a key step du r i ng t he i n it iat ion of t ip g row t h . f rom a c he m ica l g rad ie nt to pola r i se cel l s eve n ly ac ross a t i ssue. T h i s work demon st rates t he powe r of a n i nteg rat ive approac h i n u ncove r i ng t he molec u la r mec ha n i sm s by wh ic h suc h long-ra nge g rad ie nt s a re i nte r preted . ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 30

PC3.7 MODELLING BASIC MECHANISMS OF PLANAR CELL POLARITY GENERATION AND COORDINATION IN EPITHELIA

MONDAY 3 JULY, 2017 15:10

NICK MONK (UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, UNITED KINGDOM), LU XIAO (UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, UNITED KINGDOM)

[email protected]

Cells in epithelial sheets often exhibit planar cell polarity (PCP) – overt polarisation within the plane of the epithelium. The establishment and coordination of PCP is known to depend on transmembrane protein complexes, which adopt non-uniform d i st r ibut ion s w it h i n eac h cel l du r i ng cel l pola r i sat ion . I w i l l present mathematical models of transmembrane complex formation, with the aim of understanding the extent to which juxtacrine sig na l l i ng event s ca n accou nt for obse r ved feat u res of PC P, a nd t he requ i rement s for e x te r na l ly i mposed g loba l pola r it y i n for mat ion . ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 31

PC4 LIFE AT THE INTERFACE: PLANT MEMBRANE-PROTEIN DYNAMICS/INTERACTIONS DURING ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE ORGANISED BY: ANGUS MURPHY (UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, UNITED STATES), PIERS HEMSLEY (UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE, UK) AND WENDY PEER (UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, UNITED STATES)

SESSION SPONSORED BY: FRONTIERS

PC4.1 ABA RECEPTORS TRANSIENTLY PC4.2 BULK INTERNALIZATION, INTERACT WITH MEMBRANES THROUGH SORTING, AND TURNOVER OF C2-DOMAIN CAR PROTEINS TRANSPORTERS ASSOCIATED WITH ORDERED LIPID DOMAINS WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 09:00 IN RESPONSE TO SALT STRESS IN ARABIDOPSIS IS DISTINCT FROM PEDRO L RODRIGUEZ (INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR Y ABA DEPENDENT PROCESSES CELULAR DE PLANTAS, SPAIN), ALBERTO COEGO (INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR Y CELULAR DE PLANTAS, WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 09:40 SPAIN), BORJA BELDA-PALAZON (INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR Y CELULAR DE PLANTAS, SPAIN), JORGE LOZANO- JUSTE (INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR Y CELULAR DE ANGUS MURPHY (UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, UNITED STATES), PLANTAS, SPAIN), JOSE JULIAN (INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGIA CHANGXU PANG (UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, UNITED STATES), MOLECULAR Y CELULAR DE PLANTAS, SPAIN), MARIA A. DORON SHKOLNIK (UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, UNITED FERNANDEZ (INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR Y CELULAR STATES), WENDY A PEER (UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, UNITED DE PLANTAS, SPAIN) STATES), WIEBKE TAPKEN (UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, UNITED STATES), MARK JENNESS (UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, UNITED [email protected] STATES), JOSHUA BLAKESLEE (OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES) Reg u lat ion of ion t ra n spor t i n pla nt s i s esse nt ia l for cel l homeosta si s a nd st ress respon se. Abiot ic st ress u nba la nces cel l ion homeosta si s [email protected] and plants tend to re-adjust it regulating membrane transporters Sa lt-i nduced i nte r na l i zat ion of pla sma me mbra ne ( PM ) AT P Bi nd i ng and channels. The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) and the second Cassette (ABC) and Intrinsic Proteins (PIPs) has been reported messenge r Ca 2+ a re cent ra l i n suc h processes si nce t hey a re i nvolved in Arabidopsis and other plant species. Internalization of these i n t he reg u lat ion of protei n k i na ses a nd phosphata ses t hat cont rol ion transporters has been variously described as selective and ABA- t ra n spor t ac t iv it y i n respon se to e nv i ron menta l st i mu l i. Me mbra ne - dependent. For i n sta nce, t ra n sc r ipt abu nda nce a ssoc iated w it h del i m ited A BA sig na l t ra n sduc t ion plays a c r it ica l role i n t h i s process, the ABCB4 root auxin transporter gene is regulated via the ABI4 but little information is available on the molecular mechanisms t ra n sc r ipt ion fac tor a nd m ic ro R NA 8 4 4 u nde r n it roge n l i m itat ion linking core signaling components to the plasma membrane. We tht induces ABA signalling processes. In shorter timeframes, ABA have show n t hat t ra n sie nt ca lc iu m- depe nde nt i nte rac t ion s of A BA also impacts trafficking of ABCB4 at thetrans Golg i Net work w it h receptors w it h pla sma me mbra ne i s med iated t h roug h a 10 -me mbe r t he resu lt of d ive rsion of t he protei n to t he prevac uola r compa r t ment. fa m i ly of C 2- doma i n A BA-related (C A R) protei n s, C A R1 to C A R10, P resu mably, reg u lat ion of A BC B 4 i n t he root epide r m i s reg u lates in Arabidopsis thaliana. C A R1 a nd C A R4 i nte rac t w it h seve ra l A BA auxin-dependent growth, but may also limit secondary nitrate receptors in plasma membrane as well as in nucleus of plant cells. c ha n nel ac t iv it y a ssoc iated w it h A BC B 4. Howeve r, 75 -10 0 m M NaC l T he c r ysta l st r uc t u re of C A R1 a nd C A R4 wa s solved , wh ic h revea led or KCl treatment provokes an almost instaneous internalization of that, in addition to a classical calcium-dependent lipid-binding A BC B 4, PI P i sofor m s, a nd A BCG36/ PE N 3/ PDR 9 i n la rge r e ndosoma l C 2- doma i n , a spec i fic C A R sig nat u re i s respon sible for t he i nte rac t ion st r uc t u res. T h i s i nte r na l i zat ion i s not A BA depe nde nt, co -i nc ides w it h A BA receptors a nd t hei r rec r u it me nt to phosphol ipid vesic les. T h i s with rapid decreases in root turgor, membrane depolarization, i nte rac t ion i s releva nt for receptor f u nc t ion a nd A BA sig na l i ng si nce a nd c y tosol ic pH, a s wel l a s appea ra nce of vac uola r “ bu lbs”. T he different car triple mutants affected inCAR1, CAR4, CAR5 a nd CAR9 rapid it y of t he process a nd i mpac t on a set of protei n s prev iou sly genes showed reduced sensitivity to ABA in seedling establishment show n to be a ssoc iated w it h orde red me mbra ne doma i n s suggest s a nd root g row t h assays. I n su m ma r y, we ident i fied A BA receptor- the presence of a process similar to salt-induced, “bulk flow” interacting partners that mediate a transient Ca2+ -dependent membrane internalization described in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. interaction with phospholipid vesicles, which affects receptor Root s restored to cont rol cond it ion s recove r, w it h d i ffe rent ia l rates sub - cel lu la r loca l i zat ion a nd posit ively reg u lates A BA sig na l i ng. of recove r y obse r ved w it h va r iou s me mbra ne ma rke rs. It i s proposed ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 32

t hat t hese processes a re pr i ma r i ly a con seque nce of t u rgor-i nduced membrane turnover, but have a secondary protective effectin PC4.7 ENDOCYTIC MECHANISMS OF reduc i ng pe r m i ssive ion upta ke when t he l ipid env i ron ment at t he MEMBRANE PROTEINS IN PLANTS - PM i s pe r t u rbed . A SINGLE-MOLECULE PERSPECTIVE

WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 11:30 PC4.6 THE ARABIDOPSIS ASPARTLY PROTEASE 2 FUNCTIONS IN THE XIAOJUAN LI (BEIJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, CHINA), TRANS-GOLGI NETWORK JINXING LIN (BEIJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, CHINA), LUSHENG FAN (INSTITUTE OF BOTANY CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, CHINA), RUILI LI (BEIJING FORESTRY WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 11:00 UNIVERSITY, CHINA)

WENDY PEER (UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, UNITED STATES), [email protected] CHANGXU PANG (UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, UNITED STATES), DORON SHKOLNIK (UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, UNITED The plant plasma membrane (PM) is highly dynamic. STATES), ANGUS S MURPHY (UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, Thus, measuring the mobility of PM proteins is key to UNITED STATES) understanding cellular signaling mechanisms. In the past few years, we have developed VA-TIRFM to image PM [email protected] proteins in intact plant cells, provided new information on the spatiotemporal dynamics of specific molecules. Plant aspartyl proteases localized to the apoplast function in Clathrin-mediated endocytosis plays an essential role in ge r m i nat ion a nd defence. A sepa rate c lade of a spa r t yl protea ses, many cellular and developmental processes. Based on single- represented here by A SPA RT Y L PROT E A SE 2 (A PA 2) conta i n a molecule and genetic approaches, we demonstrated that saposin-like lipid interaction domain and function within the lumen Arabidopsis AP2σ is closely associated and physically interacts of t he endomembra ne system . A PA 2 i s sy nt hesi zed a s a propept ide with the clathrin light chain (CLC). In addition, the density and is auto-activated at acidic pH (pH ~5.5 and below). An APA2- and turnover rate of the CLC spots are significantly reduced in C F P f u nc t iona l f u sion pa r t ia l ly co -loca l i zed w it h t he pre -vac uola r the ap2σ mutant. These findings led us to conclude that AP2 compartment (PVC) marker BP80-GFP and the trans-Golgi Network is involved in the CCV initiation, assembly and maturation (TGN) marker SYP61-YFP. The SYP61 compartment was shown to be stages, which is required for clathrin-mediated endocytosis. pH 5.6, a nd saposi n doma i n s med iate membra ne f u sion at ac id ic pH. In recent years, the possible functions of plant membrane T he AT P-Bi nd i ng Ca sset te subfa m i ly B t ra n spor te r A BC B 4, a pla sma raft-like domains have been described. We found that membrane, fasciclin-like arabionogalactan-anchored protein which Arabidopsis flotillin1 (AtFlot1) was associated with the was previously found to traffic to the plasma membrane via the membrane microdomains. We further demonstrated that SYP61 compartment, was identified as a substrate for APA2. APA2 the dynamic behavior and localization of Flot1 puncta were cleaves an oligopeptide corresponding to an extracellular (luminal) different from that of CLC puncta. Moreover, reduction in loop of ABCB4, and in vitro a ssays of pla nt e x t rac t s showed A BC B 4 meristem size and retardation in seedling growth were degradation in the presence of APA2 at acidic pH. The saposin- detected in amiRNA AtFlot1 transgenic lines. These findings like domain may facilitate proteolysis in vivo. Stress treatments suggested that AtFlot1 is involved in a clathrin-independent increased APA2 co-localization with SYP61 and BP80. APA2 appears endocytic pathway and functions in seedling development. to have a role in ABCB4 redirection to the PVC via VTI11/12 following Further studies based on single-molecule approaches revealed stress treatment. t hat c lat h r i n a nd At F lot1-a ssoc iated me mbra ne m ic rodoma i n s cooperatively regulate PM protein dynamics and endocytosis, such as aquaporin (PIP2;1), and the membrane microdomain a lte rs PM protei n s ac t iv it ies by posit ively or negat ively a ffec t i ng t hei r c lu ste r i ng a nd sig na l t ra n sduc t ion . ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 33

steps dow n st rea m of A BI1 a re at lea st t ra n sit iona l ly a ssoc iated PC4.8 MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF w it h stable l ipid na nodoma i n s. Pa r t ic u la rly, C PK 21 a nd SL A H 3 TOUCH SENSING AND SIGNALLING predom i na nt ly i nte rac t i n suc h me mbra ne doma i n s, wh ic h resu lt s in channel activation and anion efflux. In the presence of ABI1 (i.e. absence of A BA), SL A H 3 a nd C PK 21 do not ente r com mon l ipid WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 13:50 na nodoma i n s, wh ic h i n h ibit s t hei r i nte rac t ion a nd t hu s prevent s SLAH3-mediated anion currents. RAINER HEDRICH (UNIVERSITY OF WÜRZBURG, GERMANY)

[email protected] PC4.10 HOW DO HIGHER PLANTS The response of the carnivorous plant Dionaea muscipula to mec ha n ica l SENSE TEMPERATURE? stimulation has captured the imagination of scientist early on. Insects attracted by the odour of the flytrap and exploring the inner trap lobe accidentally displace sensory trigger hairs causing firing WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 15:00 of i nd iv idua l ac t ion pote nt ia l s (A Ps). Tr igge r ha i r st i mu lat ion i s on ly recog n i zed a s potent ia l food when a mov i ng objec t el ic it s t wo A Ps: IOANNA KOSTAKI (UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, UNITED E xc itat ion- cont rac t ion of t he capt u re orga n by t he second A P t r igge r KINGDOM), VERITY C BONNELL (UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, resu lt s i n loca l t u rgor c ha nges a nd i m med iate buc k l i ng of t he t rap’s UNITED KINGDOM), ALISTAIR M HETHERINGTON (UNIVERSITY t wo lobes i nto a cage. E xc itat ion- cont rac t ion coupl i ng du r i ng fa st t rap OF BRISTOL, UNITED KINGDOM), ANTONY N DODD closure relies on molecular mechanisms operated by the trigger hair. (UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, UNITED KINGDOM), KEARA A To address the nature and electro-biology of Dionaea´s mechano- FRANKLIN (UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, UNITED KINGDOM) sensory organ, we have isolated multicellular trigger hairs from the flytrap and identified their transcriptomic profile focusing on [email protected] genes w it h pronou nced d i ffe rent ia l e x pression i n t he mu lt icel lu la r mec ha no sen sor. I n add it ion to gene c lu ste rs requ i red for hou se keepi ng Understanding how higher plant cells perceive temperature functions, we identified transcripts associated with mechano- is a major challenge in biology. We report a novel approach to sen sat ion a nd ion t ra n spor t. Bioi n for mat ics a na lyses ident i fied t r igge r address this question using stomatal guard cells as a model cell ha i r e x pressed c ha n nel t y pes l i kely a ssoc iated w it h pec u l ia r feat u res system. Guard cells sense environmental signals such as light, of t he ac t ion pote nt ia l or ig i nat i ng i n t he mec ha no se n sor. temperature, drought and CO2 and adjust the aperture of the stomata l pore to reg u late ga s e xc ha nge. I nc rea ses i n te mpe rat u re promote stomata l open i ng i n order to faci l itate evaporat ive lea f cool i ng. We have e x ploited t h i s respon se i n i solated epide r ma l t i ssue PC4.9 THE ANION CHANNEL SLAH3 AND to identify putative temperature sensing mechanisms. Our data demonstrate that loss of function alleles of known components in ITS MULTIPLE MODES OF REGULATION temperature signalling and stomatal opening (ARP6, FT1, PIF4, PHOT1 and PHOT2) do not a ffec t h ig h te mpe rat u re -med iated g ua rd WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 14:30 cel l move me nt . Fu r t he r more, ou r data suggest t hat d i sr upt i ng t he i nte rac t ion of 14 -3 -3 protei n s w it h t he pla sma me mbra ne H + -AT Pa se INES KREUZER (UNIVERSITY OF WÜRZBURG MOLECULAR PLANT inhibits high temperature-mediated stomatal opening but does PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOPHYSICS, GERMANY), GEIGER DIETMAR not affect the transcriptional induction of heat shock proteins. (UNIVERSITY OF WÜRZBURG MOLECULAR PLANT PHYSIOLOGY Transcriptional responses to elevated temperature may therefore AND BIOPHYSICS, GERMANY) be uncoupled from events that take place in the plasma membrane. Fi na l ly, we have fou nd t hat most membe rs of t he non- epsi lon g roup [email protected] of the 14-3-3 family contribute to high temperature-mediated stomata l ope n i ng, wh i le it appea rs t hat t he H + -AT Pa ses A H A1 a nd SL AC/SL A H a n ion c ha n nel s a re ma ste r sw itc hes of pla nt st ress A H A 2 d i fferentially reg ulate light and temperature responses, responses. While SLAC1 expression is restricted to guard cells, its respectively. Although it is likely that there are multiple temperature homolog SL A H 3 is e x pressed i n va r iou s t issues i nc lud i ng g ua rd sensing mechanisms operating in higher plants, guard cells provide and mesophyll cells and roots. Interestingly, SLAH3 activity a u n ique oppor t u n it y to a na lyse gene e x pression a nd a physiolog ica l is modulated in a tissue/cell specific way. When expressed in output at the single cell level. aerial tissues, SLAH3 anion channels are not active per se but require extracellular nitrate and phosphorylation by calcium- dependent k i na ses (C PK s). I n root s, howeve r, SL A H 3 does not need phosphorylation for activity: there, SLAH3 co-localises with SLAH1 c ha n nel subu n it s i n t he pe r ic yc le cel l s adjace nt to t he x yle m vessel s. When co-expressed in Xenopus oocytes, the electrically silent SL A H1 subu n it gates SL A H 3 ope n eve n i n t he abse nce of n it rate and CPKs. Apparently, the heteromerization of SLAH1/SLAH3 facilitates SLAH3-mediated chloride efflux from pericycle cells into t he root x yle m . Unde r sa lt st ress or A BA t reat me nt, t he t ra n sc r ipt ion of SL A H1 a nd SL A H 3 i s ma ssively reduced , wh ic h represent s a n elegant way of circumventing excessive chloride uptake under saline conditions. In Arabidopsis mesophyl l cel ls, SL A H 3 i s reg u lated differently: here, SLAH3 is phosphorylated and activated by C PK 21, wh ic h i s it sel f cont rol led by t he protei n phosphata se A BI1. A l l A BA sig na l l i ng compone nt s reg u lat i ng me mbra ne - del i m ited ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 34

PC4.11 STAYING-TIGHT: PC4.12 CALCIUM RELEASE FROM SHAPING PLASMODESMATA THE PLANT ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM MEMBRANE CONTACT SITES OCCURS DURING BLUE-LIGHT RETROGRADE SIGNALING FROM WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 15:45 THE ER-CHLOROPLAST JUNCTION

EMMANUELLE BAYER (CNRS UNIVERSITY OF BORDEAUX WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 16:15 LABORATORY OF MEMBRANE BIOGENESIS, FRANCE), WILLIAM NICOLAS (CNRS UNIVERSITY OF BORDEAUX LABORATORY OF LAWRENCE R GRIFFING (TEXAS AM UNIVERSITY, UNITED MEMBRANE BIOGENESIS, FRANCE), MAGALI GRISON (CNRS STATES), SARA MAYNARD (TEXAS AM UNIVERSITY, UNITED UNIVERSITY OF BORDEAUX LABORATORY OF MEMBRANE STATES), MEGHAN CONNOLLY (TEXAS AM UNIVERSITY, BIOGENESIS, FRANCE), SYLVAIN TRÉPOUT (INSTITUT CURIE, UNITED STATES) FRANCE), KARL OPARKA (INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR PLANT SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH, UNITED KINGDOM), [email protected] JENS TILSNER (BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES RESEARCH COMPLEX UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREWS, UNITED KINGDOM), LYSIANE In animal cells and yeasts, but not in plants, calcium released from BROCARD (BORDEAUX IMAGING CENTRE PLANT IMAGING the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) occurs through calcium channels PLATEFORM UMS 3420 INRA-CNRS-INSERM-UNIVERSITY OF t hat a re eit he r I P3 receptors or r ya nod i ne receptors a nd modu lates a BORDEAUX, FRANCE) vast array of signaling responses. The genes for these calcium release channels are not found in plants. Here, however, direct evidence [email protected] for t he E R ac t i ng a s a store for ca lc iu m relea se, upon t he receipt of a n abiot ic sig na l i n pla nt s i s prese nted . T he sig na l i s h ig h i nte n sit y Remarkably and unlike other eukaryotic cell junctions, 4 0 5 n m blue l ig ht foc u sed d i rec t ly on t he E R- c h loropla st ju nc t ion . plasmodesmata (PD) pores establish both membrane and Immediately upon illumination, calcium ions are released into the cytoplasmic continuity throughout the plant. Within the PD pores, cytosol, generating a unique calcium signature as detected with the plasma membrane (PM) and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cytoplasmically-expressed YCnano65. Photostimulation of other come to re ma rkably c lose prox i m it y a nd a re con nec ted by ‘spokes’ 1 reg ion s of t he E R produces a ca lc iu m sig nat u re t hat d i ffe rs i n bot h whose function and identity remain unknown. Both the ER and PM t he t i m i ng a nd mag n it ude of t he respon se. T he ev ide nce t hat t he membrane domains lining PD are highly specialised and increased cytosolic calcium ion level comes from the ER includes the contain a specific set of proteins and lipids that are critical for fol low i ng t h ree test s. 1) T he respon se i s not i n h ibited by e xoge nou s proper function2,3. Inherent to their structure, PD constitute a la nt ha nu m , i nd icat i ng t hat pla sma me mbra ne c ha n nel s a re not spec ia l i sed t y pe of membra ne contac t site ( MC S), a gene ra l te r m i nvolved . 2) T he re i s a spec i fic c ha nge i n t he respon se upon t reat ment describing areas of close (10-30 nm) apposition between two with the ECA (ER-calcium ATPase) inhibitor, cyclopiazonic acid. membranes4,5 . In yeast and human cells MCS are well-established 3) W he n ca lc iu m conce nt rat ion i s mon itored w it h t he E R-ta rgeted sites for inter-organelle signalling6 . I n PD, t he f u nc t ion of E R-PM ca lc iu m se n sor, D1E R , t he E R ca lc iu m ion conce nt rat ion i n t he lu me n tethering remains an enigma. According to current models however, of t he E R dec rea ses. T he i nc rea sed c y tosol ic ca lc iu m a nd c ha nges modu lat ion i n t he gap bet wee n t he E R a nd t he PM de fi nes t he space i n t he E R ion stat u s may play a role i n ret rog rade sig na l i ng to t he available for molecular trafficking, governing the size exclusion nucleus which produces a response that overcomes the ER stress l i m it (SE L) of t he pores. Howeve r, how PD c ha n nel s a re bu i lt a nd which ensues upon photostimulation. organised within the narrow space between the ER and the PM, a nd how E R-PM spac i ng a ffec t s cel l-to - cel l con nec t iv it y re ma i n s little understood. Here we used electron tomography to gain access to the 3D ultrastructure of PD and shed light on the structural plasticity of their ER-PM junctions. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 35

PC4.13 NEIGHBOR DETECTION AT PC4.15 S-ACYLATION IN THE LEAF TIP ADAPTIVELY REGULATES PLANTS - GREASING MEMBRANE UPWARD LEAF MOVEMENT THROUGH PROTEIN FUNCTION? SPATIAL AUXIN DYNAMICS THURSDAY 6 JULY, 2017 09:40 WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 16:45 PIERS A HEMSLEY (UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE, UNITED KINGDOM), CHRYSOULA K PANTAZOPOULOU (UTRECHT UNIVERSITY, CHARLOTTE H HURST (UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE, UNITED KINGDOM), NETHERLANDS), FRANCA J BONGERS (UTRECHT UNIVERSITY- DIONNE TURNBULL (UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE, UNITED KINGDOM), WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS), JESSE J KÜPERS MAIJU A LAURILA (UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE, UNITED KINGDOM) (UTRECHT UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS), EMILIE REINEN (UTRECHT UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS), DEBATOSH DAS [email protected] (UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH, GERMANY), JOCHEM B EVERS (WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS), NIELS P R ANTEN S-acylation is a lipid based post-translational modification of (WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS), RONALD PIERIK proteins thought to alter a proteins physical properties leading (UTRECHT UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS) to alterations in how a protein interacts with the membrane environment. It is unique amongst lipid modifications as it is [email protected] reversible; this lends it the ability to act as a regulatory mechanism. We have shown that ~40% or the plant membrane proteome is Vegetat ion sta nd s have a hete roge neou s l ig ht qua l it y d i st r ibut ion , S-ac ylated a nd t hat S-ac ylat ion a ffec t s bot h i nteg ra l a nd pe r iphe ra l i nc lud i ng t he red : fa r-red l ig ht rat io ( R :F R) t hat i n for m s pla nt s about membrane proteins. The study of S-acylation is still in its infancy but prox i m it y of neig hbors. Adequate respon ses to c ha nges i n R :F R a re we have fou nd t hat S-ac ylat ion i s key for t he f u nc t ion of t wo pla nt- i mpor ta nt for compet it ive success. T hese respon ses i nc lude upwa rd de fi n i ng g roups of protei n s; t he cel lu lose sy nt ha se comple x (C SC) lea f move me nt ( hy pona st y) a nd elongat ion of ste m s a nd pet ioles. and receptor-like kinases (RLKs). We recently demonstrated that How t he detec t ion a nd respon se to R :F R a re spat ia l ly l i n ked a nd how the CSC, a hetero-18-mer, contains ~100 S-acyl groups and is the most this spatial coordination between the two affects plant performance heav i ly S-ac ylated protei n comple x eve r desc r ibed . We w i l l d i sc u ss remains unresolved. We show in Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica t he roles a nd i mpl icat ion s of S-ac ylat ion i n C SC f u nc t ion . Receptor- n ig ra t hat loca l i zed F R- e n r ic h me nt at d i st i nc t posit ion s i n t he lea f like kinases are responsible for perception of almost all extracellular induces either hyponasty or petiole elongation. Using a combination physical stimuli in plants. The S-acylation state of RLKs changes of organ-level transcriptome analysis, molecular reporters and upon l iga nd bid i ng a nd we w i l l d i sc u ss ou r fi nd i ngs i n t he conte x t of physiological measurements we show that auxin dynamics are R L K sig na l l i ng reg u lat ion . We w i l l a lso deta i l ou r work on de fi n i ng key to re mote respon se to loca l i zed F R- e n r ic h me nt . Fi na l ly, u si ng t he dy na m ic S-ac yl proteome to i nc rease u ndersta nd i ng of how a computational 3D plant model, we demonstrate that R:FR sensing t h i s e n ig mat ic mod i ficat ion reg u lates me mbra ne protei n f u nc t ion . in a specific leaf position can be advantageous and stimulates the performance of plants at high plant densities. PC4.16 SUBCELLULAR REGULATION OF PIP2;5 PLASMA MEMBRANE PC4.14 THE ROLE OF EXTRACELLULAR AQUAPORIN BY LIPID ENVIRONMENTS VESICLES IN PLANT-MICROBE AND INTERACTING PROTEINS INTERACTIONS THURSDAY 6 JULY, 2017 10:10 THURSDAY 6 JULY, 2017 09:00 ANA R FOX (INSTITUT DES SCIENCES DE LA VIE UNIVERSITÉ ROGER W INNES (INDIANA UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES), CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN, BELGIUM), FRANÇOIS CHAUMONT BRIAN D RUTTER (INDIANA UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES) (INSTITUT DES SCIENCES DE LA VIE UNIVERSITÉ CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN, BELGIUM) [email protected] E xosomes a re e x t racel lu la r vesic les ( E Vs) t hat play a ce nt ra l role i n [email protected] i nte rcel lu la r sig na l i ng i n ma m ma l s by t ra n spor t i ng protei n s a nd Pla nt s cont i nuou sly sen se a nd respond to a fluc t uat i ng env i ron ment sma l l R NA s. Pla nts a re a lso k now n to produce E Vs, pa r t ic u la rly by a n acc u rate reg u lat ion of c ha n nels ac t iv it y i n t hei r membra nes. in response to pathogen infection. The functions of plant EVs are A mong t hese c ha n nel s a re t he pla sma me mbra ne i nt r i n sic protei n s unknown, however. EV production is enhanced in response to (PIPs), a subfamily of aquaporins that facilitates the passive infection with Pseudomonas syringae or t reat me nt w it h sa l ic yl ic d i ff u sion of wate r a nd /or sma l l solutes ac ross biolog ica l me mbra nes. ac id , suggest i ng t hat E Vs play a role i n defe n se. Con si ste nt w it h Ma i ze PI P2;5 i s h ig h ly e x pressed i n root t i ssues i nc lud i ng i n t he endo - t h i s hy pot hesi s, proteom ic a na lyses of pu r i fied E Vs revea led t hat a nd e xode r m i s a nd ha s bee n suggested to be i nvolved i n t he rad ia l t hey a re h ig h ly e n r ic hed i n protei n s i nvolved i n biot ic a nd abiot ic movement of water. We are currently characterizing the subcellular stress responses, while sRNA-seq analyses revealed that EVs carry be hav iou r of t h i s aquapor i n , spec i fica l ly i n relat ion to c ha nges i n t he nu me rou s m i R NA s. We hy pot hesi ze t hat E Vs may med iate host- l ipid e nv i ron me nt a nd to it s i nte rac t ion w it h ot he r protei n s. To t h i s i nduced ge ne si le nc i ng du r i ng i n fec t ion by f u nga l pat hoge n s. I n a i m , we gene rated Ma i ze Blac k Me x ica n Sweet ( BM S) su spen sion this talk I w ill present our ongoing work to test this hy pothesis, cultured cells expressing PIP2;5 tagged with the monomeric Yellow a long w it h t he resu lt s of reve rse ge net ic sc ree n s i n wh ic h we a re F luorescent P rotei n. We t hen mod i fied t he l ipid env i ron ment of ident i f y i ng A rabidopsi s genes requ i red for protei n load i ng i nto E Vs. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 36

YFP:PIP2;5 using inhibitors of sterols and sphingolipids biosynthesis t ra ffic k i ng, we hy pot hesi ze t hat R abG3 b i s i nvolved i n t he t u r nove r a nd obse r ved c ha nges i n t he d i ff u sion pat te r n of Y F P:PI P2;5 i n t he of activated FLS2 receptors. By Y2H screening we identified plasma membrane by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. interactors of a constitutively active version of R A BG3B wh ich We a re a l so i mple me nt i ng t he BioI D a ssay (prox i m it y depe nde nt could be potential effectors of this Rab7 GTPase. Interestingly, biotin identification) to screen for PIP interacting proteins in a one of them is a described tethering factor between the vacuole cellular environment. We generated BMS cells expressing PIP2;5 and actin cytoskeleton, suggesting a potential role of this tether tagged with a promiscuous biotin protein ligase. Thus, in the i n e ndosome -to -vac uole t ra ffic k i ng. We w i l l prese nt data on t his prese nce of biot i n , t he protei n s t hat a re i nte rac t i ng w it h t he f u sion tether and provide evidences of the role of RabG3B in FLS2 turnover protei n w i l l be biot i nylated , ea si ly pu r i fied a nd ident i fied by ma ss requ i red to su sta i n flg22-i nduced stomata l c losu re. spec t romet r y. T he fi rst resu lt s w i l l be desc r ibed .

PC4.19 MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS AT PC4.17 DYNAMICS OF MEMBRANE- THE PLANT CELL SURFACE CONTINUUM RESIDENT CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS

& PARTNERS THURSDAY 6 JULY, 2017 13:50

THURSDAY 6 JULY, 2017 10:55 JOHN RUNIONS (OXFORD BROOKES UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), JOSEPH MCKENNA (OXFORD BROOKES UNIVERSITY, THOMAS OTT (UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG, GERMANY) UNITED KINGDOM)

[email protected] [email protected]

Considering the dense packing of proteins at the plasma membrane Pla nt s se n se a nd respond to ma ny biot ic a nd abiot ic fac tors i n t hei r (PM) and the plethora of environmental stimuli that tissues need to environment using receptor-mediated signalling mechanisms at perceive and to integrate simultaneously, cells evolved membrane- the cell surface. For many years, cytoskeleton, plasma membrane ba sed subst r uc t u res ca l led me mbra ne m ic ro - doma i n s ( M Ds). T hese a nd cel l wa l l have bee n st ud ied i n i solat ion but t hey ac t conce r ted ly compartments may serve as central hubs for the specific assembly to coord i nate developme nt a nd st ress respon se. We u se adva nced of signalling complexes including receptors. Even though many i mag i ng e x pe r i me nta l tec h n iques suc h a s photobleac h i ng recove r y i nd iv idua l protei n s have bee n desc r ibed to late ra l ly seg regate i nto a nd tota l i nte r na l re flec t ion i n a n at te mpt to u nde rsta nd t he role M Ds at t he cel l su r face, it ha s bee n a long-sta nd i ng quest ion whet he r played by c y toskeleton a nd cel l wa l l i n gove r n i ng pla sma me mbra ne pat hway-spec i fic component s i ndeed loca l i ze to t he sa me M D. I w i l l protein dynamics and interaction. Formin1, an actin interacting show ev idence for t h i s i nt r ig u i ng phenomenon , u n ravel essent ia l protei n spa n s t he plasma membra ne a nd is a nc hored w it h i n t he molecular building blocks and the propose a sequence of events that cel l wa l l. T h i s prov ides stabi l it y of ac t i n m ic rofi la me nt st r uc t u re a re requ i red a nd su ffic ie nt to ma i nta i n a n i n fec t ion-related M D i n v ivo. a nd is probably i mpor ta nt i n ma i ntena nce of plasma membra ne m ic rodoma i n st r uc t u re. T he cent ra l quest ion of ongoi ng resea rc h i s, ‘Does the cell wall play a role in plasma membrane structuring’? Cell wa l l muta nt a na lysi s combi ned w it h pha r macolog ica l t reat ment s PC4.18 STOMATAL IMMUNITY are beginning to provide evidence of this interaction. Total internal REQUIRES SUSTAINING OF FLG22 re flec t ion a l lows u s to i mage si ng le molec u les suc h a s F L AGE L L I N SE NSI T I V E2 ( F L S2). D i ff u sion rates a nd doma i n s a lte r d ra mat ica l ly RESPONSES THROUGH RabG3b- in cell wall mutant lines, or when plants are treated with pathogen MEDIATED TRAFFICKING e ffec tors suc h a s flg22 .

THURSDAY 6 JULY, 2017 11:25

MICHAELA KOPISCHKE (THE SAINSBURY LABORATORY PC4.20 GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR- NORWICH, UNITED KINGDOM), GILDAS BOURDAIS (THE LIKE (GLR) CHANNELS IN PLANTS: SAINSBURY LABORATORY, UNITED KINGDOM), MARY TETLOW EVOLUTION AND FUNCTION ON CA2+ (THE SAINSBURY LABORATORY, UNITED KINGDOM), SILKE HOMEOSTASIS IN SPERM AND MALE ROBATZEK (THE SAINSBURY LABORATORY, UNITED KINGDOM) REPRODUCTION [email protected] THURSDAY 6 JULY, 2017 14:30 The FLAGELLIN SENSING 2 (FLS2) receptor kinase mediates immunity against bacterial infections through the perception JOSÉ A FEIJÓ (UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, UNITED STATES) of flagellin (flg22). A critical defence response is the closure of stomata to preve nt bac te r ia f rom e nte r i ng t he pla nt i nte r ior. Yet, [email protected] the molecular events underlying sustained flg22-induced stomatal closure remain unclear. Here, we report the identification of the I will present data suggesting an evolutionary conservation of GLR R ab7-l i ke sma l l GT Pa se R abG3B spec i fica l ly reg u lat i ng stomata l c ha n nel s related to a ma le reproduc t ive f u nc t ion . I n Physcom it t rela closure induced by flg22 but not abiotic stresses. Consistently,rabg3b patens (Pp) double GLR KO plants show no visible defects on somatic mutants exhibited enhanced susceptibility to surface infected development, but a re ster i le. We have deter m i ned t hat ster i l it y bacteria. Time course analysis showed that rabg3b mutants are is carried by the male gamete lineage. We thus designed a sperm compete nt for c losi ng stomata i nduced by flg22 but fa i l to su sta i n navigation assay and determined that chemotaxis is affected in the stomatal closure. Given its function in late endosome to vacuole KO spe r m . I n accorda nce to a role i n Ca 2+ homeosta si s, KO spe r m ha s ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 37

lowe r level s of c y topla sm ic Ca 2+. C ha rac te r i zat ion by patc h- c la mp of GL R1 on protopla st s a nd hete rologou s ma m ma l ia n e x pression PC4.3 EFFECT OF GA, SA AND JA showed that, despite chloride and strong cation non-selective ON PIP AQUAPORIN EXPRESSION conductances, PpGLRs have a Ca2+ conductivity. Surprisingly, on t he ra re events t hat fer t i l izat ion occu rs on t he KO pla nts, t he IN FRAGARIA X ANANASSA LEAVES sporophy te does not develop nor ma l ly, on what see m s l i ke a n e x t ra c hec k poi nt for fe r t i l i zat ion depe nde nt on GL R s. We have que r ied ou r WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION t ra n sc r iptom ic databa ses, a nd fou nd t hat t he BE L L 2 t ra n sc r ipt ion factor, which is fundamental for the haploid to diploid transition BRITT M E MERLAEN (UNIVERSITEIT GENT, BELGIUM), ELLEN in Chlamydomonas, is almost totally repressed on the double KO. DE KEYSER (ILVO - PLANT, BELGIUM), MARIE-CHRISTINE VAN We hy pot hesi zed t hat t he sporophy te developme nt i s depe nde nt LABEKE (UNIVERSITEIT GENT, BELGIUM) on BELL2, and generated complementation lines of the double GLR KO w it h BE L L 2 u nde r a t he GL R 2 promote r, wh ic h i s spec i fica l ly [email protected] expressed during gamete formation. The complemented line rescued the phenotype thus confirming the dependency of BELL2 Aquaporins are water channels that facilitate passive water for transition to diploid status. Our work revealed an unexpected transport across inter- and intracellular membranes. They depe nde nc y of GL R for ma le reproduc t ion , lead i ng u s to suggest t h i s regulate water transport at cellular level. There are several types role a s t he major selec t ive pressu re to con se r ve t h i s fa m i ly of ge nes of aquaporins, but because of their abundance and subcellular throughout terrestrial plant evolution. location, the plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) are thought to contribute substantially to regulating plant water relations and to participate in abiotic stress responses. The quest ion r i ses wh ic h hor mones a re i nvolved i n sig na l t ra n sduc t ion . PC4.21 ABCB TRANSPORTERS AND Fragaria x ananassa cv. Figaro plants were transferred to THEIR FUNCTION ON THE PLASMA a watery solution containing either no hormones (control), 0.5 mM salicylic acid (SA), 0.05 mM gibberellic acid (GA) or MEMBRANE: EXCLUDERS, EFFLUXERS 0.1 mM jasmonic acid (JA). During these treatments, stomata AND CHANNELS? opened transiently under influence of SA and JA (less than 6 and 11 hours respectively). GA caused opening of the stomata during the first 12 hours. After 24 hours, stomata were THURSDAY 6 JULY, 2017 15:00 closed in all treatments, possibly due to a lack of aeration. Genes similar to FaPIP1;1 and FaPIP1;2 are downregulated by GA MARK K JENNESS (UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, UNITED a f te r 6h . Genes si m i la r to Fa PI P1;3 a re upreg u lated by JA a f te r 12 h . STATES), ANGUS S MURPHY (UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, Ge nes si m i la r to Fa PI P2;1 a re upreg u lated by JA a nd dow n reg u lated UNITED STATES) by SA a f te r 6h . E x pression of genes si m i la r to Fa PI P2;2 does not seem to be i n fluenced by a ny of t he tested hor mones. T he respon ses of t he [email protected] different PIP aquaporins are diverse, but seem to be limited in time to 6 to 12 hou rs a f te r t he sta r t of t he t reat me nt . I n ot he r spec ies, t he A subset of plant ATP binding cassette subfamily B (ABCB) e ffec t on t he e x pression seem s to va r y w it h aquapor i n , hor mone transporters mediate the cellular export of the phytohormone conce nt rat ion , t i ssue a nd du rat ion of t he t reat me nt . auxin. Loss of these transporters results in reduced polar auxin t ra n spor t a nd a lte red pla nt a rc h itec t u re but no sig n i fica nt defec t s in embryogenesis or organogenesis. A number of lines of evidence suggest that isotropically-oriented ABCBs exhibit channel-like DISCOVERING DE-S-ACYLATING activity for small anions and prevent re-uptake of auxin at the plasma PC4.4 membrane (PM) after auxin is directionally - exported by polarized ENZYMES IN ARABIDOPSIS PIN transporters. On a macroscopic scale, cellular exclusion by ABCBs also defines boundaries of polar auxin transport streams. WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION Bioc hem ica l a nd model i ng st ud ies pred ic t t hat a major it y of cel lu la r auxin partitions into membrane-aqueous interfaces and that auxin MAIJU A LAURILA (UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE, UNITED binding sites in ABCB proteins are situated within membrane KINGDOM), PIERS A HEMSLEY (UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE, leaflets. When standard cold loading of the artificial auxin 2,4-D UNITED KINGDOM) is replaced with room temperature loading in S. pombe, net upta ke of 2,4-D is reduced in cells heterologously expressing Arabidopsis [email protected] ABCB19, consistent with a primary function of membrane exclusion. Re-examination of auxin transport and auxin-dependent S-ac ylat ion i s t he on ly reve rsible l ipid-ba sed post-t ra n slat iona l phe not y pes i n A rabidopsi s shows t hat loss of A BC B f u nc t ion resu lt s mod i ficat ion of protei n s. Even t houg h 2 4 protei n ac yl t ra n sfe ra ses in pooling of auxin in regions of high auxin biosynthesis and that PIN - enzymes that add S-acyl groups onto proteins - have been identified activity alone is not sufficient to maintain proper transport streams. and verified in Arabidopsis, the identities and numbers of any plant ABCB1 and ABCB19 are required to mobilize auxin from small cells in de -S-ac ylat i ng e n z y mes re ma i n u n k now n . More t ha n 50 0 protei n s me r i stemat ic reg ion s a nd A BC B21 ma kes a n add it iona l cont r ibut ion have bee n suggested to be S-ac ylated i n pla nt s a nd a st i l l u ne x plored to restriction of auxin to root vasculature. nu mbe r of t hese a re l i kely to be de -S-ac ylated a s mea n s of reg u lat i ng localisation and function. It is therefore very probable that one or more families of plant APTs await discovery. APT enzymes from mammals and Toxoplasma have previously been identified by inhibitor-based approaches using competitive activity-based protei n profi l i ng (c A BPP). K now n i n h ibitors of A P Ts f rom ma m ma l s prevent de-S-acylation of the plant small GTPase ROP6 in vivo ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 38

i nd icat i ng t hat t hese i n h ibitors a re effect ive i n pla nts. We have also shown that these inhibitors can directly inhibit plant serine hyd rola se ac t iv it ies i n v ivo. By combi n i ng c A BPP w it h qua nt itat ive SILAC proteomics we are identifying serine hydrolases in plants t hat a re se n sit ive to k now n i n h ibitors of de -S-ac ylat ion a nd may therefore constitute novel plant de-S-acylating activities.

PC4.5 THE CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PLASTIDIC HOMOLOG OF THE VACUOLAR GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER1 (VGT1)

WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION

PRATIWI PRANANINGRUM (TU KAISERSLAUTERN, GERMANY), KATHRIN PATZKE (TU KAISERSLAUTERN, GERMANY), BETTINA BÖLTER (LUDWIG-MAXIMILIANS UNIVERSITY, GERMANY), PATRICK KLEMENS (TU KAISERSLAUTERN, GERMANY), ILKA HAFERKAMP (TU KAISERSLAUTERN, GERMANY), H E NEUHAUS (TU KAISERSLAUTERN, GERMANY)

[email protected]

T he t ra n spor t of suga rs ac ross me mbra ne ba r r ie rs i s esse nt ia l for higher plants, since sugar represent transport and storage units of cellular energy generation and thus play a fundamental role during developmental processes and stress responses. In addition to transport across the plasma membrane, carrier-mediated sugar transport has also been demonstrated across organellar membranes, such as the inner plastid envelope or the vacuolar membrane, named tonopla st . T he monosacc ha r ide t ra n spor te r fa m i ly i s d ive rse a nd contains seven distinct clades. In this study, we will focus on VGT-like protein family of monosaccharide transporter in which comprised of three genes, At3g03090, At5g17010 and At5g59250. Recent ly, t wo genes f rom t h i s fa m i ly, A tVGT1 (At3g03090) and AtVGT2 (At 5g17010), have been show n to loca l i ze to t he vac uola r membrane of Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) a nd it ha s bee n show n that VGT1 t ranspor ts glucose and a proton-coupled antipor t. In cont ra st, he re we show t hat t he protei n e ncoded by At 5g59250, t he third member of this sub-group, locates to the chloroplast membrane. I n t he prese nt st udy, we wa nt to f u r t he r c ha rac te r i ze t he f u nc t ion of this protein in the sugar transport mechanism in plants. We will i nt roduce t he c u r re nt stat u s of t he i nvest igat ion prog ress. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 39

PC6 MOLECULAR CONTROL OF PLANT GROWTH DURING ABIOTIC STRESS

ORGANISED BY:ULRIKE BECHTOLD (UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX, UK) AND BEN FIELD (CNRS MARSEILLE, FRANCE)

SESSION SPONSORED BY: CLF PLANTCLIMATICS GmbH AND JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY

PC6.1 PROTEIN IMPORT INTO PC6.2 INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF CHLOROPLASTS AND ITS REGULATION BY THE BACTERIAL ALARMONE (p)ppGpp THE UBIQUITIN-PROTEASOME SYSTEM IN THE CHLOROPLAST OF PLANTS

MONDAY 3 JULY, 2017 09:00 MONDAY 3 JULY, 2017 09:40

PAUL JARVIS (UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD, UNITED KINGDOM) SEDDIK HARCHOUNI (AIX-MARSEILLE UNIVERSITY, FRANCE), SAMANTHA ENGLAND (CEA, FRANCE), JULIEN VIEU (AIX- [email protected] MARSEILLE UNIVERSITY, FRANCE), BENOIT MENAND (CNRS, FRANCE), BEN FIELD (CNRS, FRANCE) Most proteins in chloroplasts and other plastids are encoded in the nuc leu s a nd sy nt hesi zed on c y tosol ic r ibosomes. T hey a re made i n [email protected] prec u rsor for m , eac h one w it h a n a m i no -te r m i na l ta rget i ng sig na l, or t ra n sit pept ide. T he t ra n sit pept ide d i rec t s t he protei n t h roug h a O ne of t he ma i n st ress respon ses i n bac te r ia i s t he st r i nge nt respon se post-t ra n slat iona l ta rget i ng pat hway, a nd i s c leaved upon a r r iva l wh ic h i s med iated by t he a la r mone g ua nosi ne 5’- (t r i)d iphosphate inside the plastid. This targeting or import process is mediated by 3’- d iphosphate ((p)ppGpp). (p)ppGpp i s a key reg u lator y nuc leot ide the coordinate action of two proteinaceous import machines, one in that controls gene expression to promote survival. In plants, eac h of t he e nvelope me mbra nes. T he i mpor t mac h i ne r y of t he oute r ele me nt s of t he bac te r ia l st r i nge nt respon se we re i n he r ited f rom e nvelope me mbra ne i s ca l led t he TOC comple x , a nd t hat i n t he i n ne r the cyanobacterial ancestor of the chloroplast 1.5 billion years ago. In membrane is called the TIC complex. Components of the TOC and plants (p)ppGpp is found in the chloroplast and, like in bacteria, levels T IC comple xes have bee n ide nt i fied t h roug h bioc he m ica l a na lyses. of ppGpp increase markedly when plants are subjected to abiotic I nte rest i ng ly, ge nome seque nce i n for mat ion ha s revea led t hat ma ny st resses suc h a s wou nd i ng a nd heat shoc k . Rece nt ly, we showed of t hese component s (pa r t ic u la rly receptor component s of t he TOC that (p)ppGpp is a potent regulator of chloroplast gene expression complex) exist in multiple homologous forms. We and others have i n v ivo, a nd reg u lates t he g row t h a nd developmentof t he model u sed genet ic approac hes to d i ssec t t he f u nc t iona l sig n i fica nce of pla nt A rabidopsi s t ha l ia na. I a m i nvest igat i ng t he role of (p)ppGpp t hese d i ffe re nt TOC protei n i sofor m s i n A rabidopsi s. Resu lt s i nd icate in the moss Physcomitrella patens, wh ic h i s a model orga n i sm t hat t hat t he d i ffe rent i sofor m s ope rate i n d i ffe rent i mpor t pat hways w it h occ upies a n i nte rest i ng evolut iona r y posit ion bet ween a lgae a nd distinct precursor recognition specificities; i.e., different import va sc u la r pla nt s. To u nde rsta nd t he role of (p)ppGpp i n moss we have pat hways e x i st for d i ffe rent prec u rsor protei n c la sses. O pe rat ion c reated t ra n sge n ic l i nes t hat i nduc ibly ove r produce (p)ppGpp by of t hese c l ie nt-spec i fic i mpor t pat hways cont rol s t he orga nel la r expression of a (p)ppGpp synthase (SYN). We will discuss how proteome, plays a role in the differentiation of different plastid types, (p)ppGpp a ffec t s moss g row t h a nd st ress respon ses, a nd how (p) a nd i s reg u lated by d i rec t ac t ion of t he ubiqu it i n-protea some system ppGpp has both conserved and specific functions with respect ( U PS). Reg u lat ion of t he TOC appa rat u s by t he U PS i s med iated by to land plants. Indeed, our findings suggest that (p)ppGpp t he SP1 E 3 l iga se of t he pla st id oute r e nvelope me mbra ne. I n add it ion signalling is a flexible process that may fulfill diverse roles in the to its well-established role in plastid developmental processes, photosynthetic eukaryotes. SP1 also acts in abiotic stress tolerance. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 40

photosy nt het ic e ffic ienc y at low tempe rat u res, ident i fied upst ream PC6.3 THE ROLE OF and downstream regulators of the pathway, and demonstrated close RETROGRADE SIGNALS DURING i nteg rat ion w it h t he c i rcad ia n osc i l lator. O ve ra l l, we have ident i fied a novel low-temperat u re sig na l l i ng net work t hat i nvolves bot h PLANT STRESS RESPONSE anterograde signalling to chloroplasts, and retrograde signalling from chloroplasts to the nuclear genome. MONDAY 3 JULY, 2017 09:40

ÅSA STRAND (UMEÅ UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN) PC6.5 MITOCHONDRIAL AND [email protected] CHLOROPLAST STRESS RESPONSES

Cel ls ca n sen se c ha nges i n t he env i ron ment by e x te r na l c ues t hat ARE REGULATED BY DISTINCT TOUCH- affect different receptors on the cell surface. Exposure to stress AND ORGANELLE DYFUNCTION- a l so i n h ibit s metabol ic ac t iv it ies a nd cau ses seve re con st ra i nt s on DEPENDENT PATHWAYS cel lu la r e ne rg y homeosta si s. Recove r y of e ne rg y homeosta si s by restor i ng respi rat ion a nd photosy nt hesi s i s t he refore esse nt ia l for MONDAY 3 JULY, 2017 10:40 st ress acc l i mat ion a nd pla nt produc t iv it y du r i ng st ress. O rga nel les play crucial roles as stress sensors in the cell and communicate their status through so-called retrograde signals to regulate nuclear OLIVIER VAN AKEN (MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY UNIT gene e x pression . T hu s, t he st ress sig na l l i ng respon se i s not l i nea r DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY LUND UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), INGE but rat he r a comple x i nteg rat ion of sig na l l i ng net work s or ig i nat i ng DE CLERCQ (VIB - DEPARTMENT OF PLANT SYSTEMS GHENT i n d i ffe re nt cel lu la r compa r t me nt s. T he Med iator k i na se modu le UNIVERSITY, BELGIUM), SHAOBAI HUANG (ARC COE PLANT subunit CDKE1/CDK8 was identified through a screen for mutants ENERGY BIOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA, that did not respond correctly to retrograde signals triggered by AUSTRALIA), ANETA IVANOVA (ARC COE PLANT ENERGY ox idat ive st ress. T he cd ke/cd k8 muta nt demon st rated a genome - BIOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA, AUSTRALIA), u ncoupled phe not y pe i n respon se to ret rog rade sig na l s or ig i nat i ng i n ETHAN FORD (ARC COE PLANT ENERGY BIOLOGY UNIVERSITY bot h m itoc hond r ia a nd pla st id s. A s a con seque nce t he muta nt showed OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA, AUSTRALIA), RYAN LISTER (ARC severely impaired ability to recover energy metabolism following COE PLANT ENERGY BIOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN exposure to stress. CDKE1 is potentially a central nuclear component AUSTRALIA, AUSTRALIA), SIMON R LAW (DEPARTMENT OF integrating mitochondrial and plastid retrograde signals playing a PLANT PHYSIOLOGY UMEÅ PLANT SCIENCE CENTRE UMEÅ role in regulating energy metabolism during the response to stress. UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), MARTYNA BRODA (ARC COE PLANT ENERGY BIOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA, AUSTRALIA), BARRY J POGSON (ARC COE PLANT ENERGY BIOLOGY AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), PC6.4 ADAPTATION OF PLANTS TO COLD FRANK VAN BREUSEGEM (VIB - DEPARTMENT OF PLANT SYSTEMS TEMPERATURES BY A CHLOROPLAST- BIOLOGY GHENT UNIVERSITY, BELGIUM), JAMES WHELAN BASED SIGNALLING CIRCUIT (ARC COE PLANT ENERGY BIOLOGY LATROBE UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), A HARVEY MILLAR (ARC COE PLANT ENERGY BIOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA, AUSTRALIA) MONDAY 3 JULY, 2017 10:25 [email protected] DORA L CANO RAMIREZ (UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, UNITED KINGDOM), BETHAN F MANLEY (UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, P rev iou s st ud ies have ide nt i fied va r iou s t ra n sc r ipt ion fac tors t hat UNITED KINGDOM), KEARA A FRANKLIN (UNIVERSITY OF modulate retrograde regulation of mitochondrial and chloroplast BRISTOL, UNITED KINGDOM), ANTONY N DODD (UNIVERSITY functions in Arabidopsis thaliana. Howeve r, t he relat ive cont r ibut ion OF BRISTOL, UNITED KINGDOM) of t hese reg u lators a nd whet he r t hey ac t dow n st rea m of sepa rate or overlapping stress signalling cascades is still unknown. We [email protected] demonstrate that multiple stress-related signalling pathways, with distinct kinetic signatures, converge on overlapping gene sets Su r v iva l of photosy nt het ic orga n i sm s requ i res t he co - ord i nat ion i nvolved i n energ y orga nel le f u nct ion. T he t ra nscr ipt ion factor of biological processes with daily and seasonal changes in the A NAC017 i s a l most solely respon sible for t ra n sc r ipt i nduc t ion of environment. To achieve this, environmental signals must be retrograde marker genes due to chemical or genetic inhibition of pe rceived a nd i nteg rated t h roug h sig na l l i ng pat hways to ac h ieve organelle function. ANAC017 is a key regulator of mitochondrial correct co-ordination of gene expression. We are investigating and specific types of chloroplast retrograde signalling, with mechanisms that communicate this environmental information repercussions for protein activity and metabolism. However, to c h loroplast s (e.g. Noorda l ly et a l. Sc ience 2013). Ch loroplast s an independent and highly transient gene expression pathway, conta i n a sma l l c i rc u la r genome t hat e ncodes essent ia l component s which is induced within 10-30 minutes after spray treatments, of t he photosy nt het ic appa rat u s. Nuc lea r- e ncoded sig ma fac tors also targets energy organelle functions, and is related to touch and are evolutionarily-conserved RNA polymerase subunits that wounding responses. Metabolite analysis demonstrated that the com mu n icate c i rcad ia n a nd e nv i ron me nta l i n for mat ion f rom t he ea rly respon se i s conc u r re nt w it h rapid c ha nges i n t r ica rbox yl ic nuc leu s to c h loropla st- e ncoded ge nes. We have ide nt i fied a novel acid cycle intermediates and large changes in transcript abundance low-tempe rat u re sig na l l i ng pat hway t hat i nvolves sig ma fac tor- of ge nes e ncod i ng m itoc hond r ia l d ica rbox ylate ca r r ie r protei n s. med iated sig na l l i ng to c h loropla st s a nd u nde r pi n s opt i mu m pla nt Fu r t he r more, we showed t hat t he t ra n sc r ipt ion fac tors AtW R K Y15 pe r for ma nce u nde r bot h low a nd f reez i ng te mpe rat u res. We have and AtWRKY40 have repressive regulatory roles in this touch- de mon st rated t hat t h i s pat hway i nc rea ses f reez i ng tole ra nce a nd respon sive ge ne e x pression . I n conc lu sion , t h i s st udy shows t hat ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 41

several regulatory systems can independently affect energy wet te r t ha n t hei r A sia n or ig i n , ba rley mu st have faced u n favou rable organelle function in response to stress, providing alternative ways c l i mat ic/ecolog ica l cond it ion s t he reby i n flue nc i ng t hei r g row t h a nd to e xe r t ope rat iona l cont rol. development i n t h i s new env i ron ment. Some t ra n sc r ipt ion reg u lator y genes ( T RG) fou nd i n pla nts, i nclud i ng ba rley, have been l i n ked to adaptation to different environmental conditions, where they either ac t ivate t ra n sc r ipt ion of ce r ta i n genes or i nac t ivate t he m . DR E B1 PC6.6 HIGH-THROUGHPUT is an example of a stress related TRG involved in cold/salt tolerance. We tested the hypothesis that domesticated barley evolved adaptive PHENOTYPING TO DECODE THE changes in the DREB1 gene and its promoter, which were presumably COMPLEXITY OF NATURAL VARIATION be ne fic ia l i n cold a nd wet e nv i ron me nt s. He nce, w i ld a nd la nd races of FOR RESPONSE TO THE ENVIRONMENT georeferenced barley seeds were sampled. Genomic DNA was extracted IN ARABIDOPSIS followed by long-range PCR amplification (using information from the Morex genome assembly as a reference to design primers), library prepa rat ion a nd subsequent ly ne x t gene rat ion sequenc i ng ( NGS) u si ng MONDAY 3 JULY, 2017 14:00 the MiSeq platform. NGS results show synonymous substitutions in the DREB1 coding region for all the landraces while a few wild accessions OLIVIER LOUDET (INRA VERSAILLES, FRANCE) carry nonsynonymous substitutions. Interestingly, multiple SNPs found in the promoter region grouped the samples into two distinct [email protected] haplog roups eac h conta i n i ng w i ld a nd c u lt ivated ba rley. T hese ge net ic data a re bei ng a na lysed u si ng ge nea log y, net work , a nd cor relat ion Following a long history of quantitative genetics in crop plants, it with bioclimatic variables. is now qu ite popu la r as wel l to use nat u ra l ly- occ u r i ng va r iat ion contained in Arabidopsis thaliana accessions as the source of quantitative genomics approaches, designed to map QTLs and try and resolve them at the gene level. Apart from being able to exploit - in multiple genetic backgrounds - allelic variation that PC6.8 COMPARATIVE INTERACTION ca n not be ea si ly ret r ieved f rom c la ssica l mutage nesi s, t he success ANALYSIS BETWEEN ARBUSCULAR of the QTL studies has often been because of the use of quantitative MYCORRHIZA FUNGI (AMF) phe not y pi ng. T he objec t ive of ou r work i s to apply ge nome -w ide quantitative molecular genetics to both, a very integrative and (RHIZOPHAGUS IRREGULARIS), classical quantitative trait (shoot growth) and a molecular trait a NPK AND DROUGHT TOLERANCE TO pr ior i more d i rec t ly l i n ked to t he sou rce of va r iat ion ( ge ne e x pression GROWTH AND YIELD OF NERICA u nde r c i s-reg u lat ion), i n bot h ca ses st ud ied i n i nte rac t ion w it h t he abiotic environment (especially drought stress, nitrogen limitation a nd t hei r combi nat ion s). We a re u si ng a combi nat ion of ou r u n ique MONDAY 3 JULY, 2017 14:55 high-troughput phenotyping robot (the Phenoscope), RNA-seq, fine-mapping, complementation approaches and association ZAINAB A ABUBAKAR (GOMBE STATE UNIVERSITY, genet ics to pi npoi nt a sig n i fica nt nu mbe r of QT Ls a nd eQT Ls to t he NIGERIA), AHMAD ABDULHAMEED (ABUBAKAR TAFAWA BALEWA ge ne level a nd ide nt i f y cau sat ive poly mor ph i sm s a nd t he molec u la r UNIVERSITY, NIGERIA), HUSSAINI ABDU (ABUBAKAR variation controlling natural diversity. Exploiting these strategies TAFAWA BALEWA UNIVERSITY, NIGERIA), ADANZE C NZEAKO at an unprecedented scale thanks to the Phenoscope should allow (ABUBAKAR TAFAWA BALEWA UNIVERSITY, NIGERIA), to resolve enoug h qua nt itat ive loc i to sta r t d raw i ng a more gene ra l MUHAMMED N YAKUBU (ABUBAKAR TAFAWA BALEWA UNIVERSITY, pic t u re a s to how a nd whe re i n t he pat hways adaptat ion i s shapi ng NIGERIA), MUHAMMED MUHAMMED (ABUBAKAR TAFAWA BALEWA nat u ra l va r iat ion . I w i l l prese nt rece nt resu lt s obta i ned whe n t r y i ng UNIVERSITY, NIGERIA) to dec iphe r t he genet ic a rc h itec t u re of dy na m ic g row t h respon se to t he e nv i ron me nt, to i l lu st rate ou r st rateg ies a nd resea rc h . [email protected]

Abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, submergence, and nut r ie nt de fic ie nc ies l i m it r ice produc t ion . T hese st resses have bee n PC6.7 GENETIC ADAPTATION ident i fied a s a mong t he major fac tors negat ively a ffec t i ng c rop y ield and productivity worldwide. The present study was conducted to OF PREHISTORIC BARLEY TO eva luate t he respon se of New R ice For A f r ica ( N E R IC A) c u lt iva rs OSMOTIC STRESS exposed to drought at 0 %, 5 % and 10 % doses of Rhizophagus i r reg u la r i s(A rbu sc u la r Mycor rh i za Fu ng i (A M F )) a nd at 0 kg / h , MONDAY 3 JULY, 2017 14:40 9 0 kg / h a nd 18 0 kg / h N PK doses respec t ively. Root a nd shoot ma ss a nd y ield (10 0 g ra i n) we re mea su red . T he fi nd i ngs of t h i s resea rc h showed that NERICA has high NPK use efficiency with 90 kg/h CHIOMA U OKPARA (THE UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER, UNITED ( ha l f recom me nded dose), a nd 5% A M F ( R h i zophag u s i r reg u la r i s) KINGDOM), PETER CIVAN (THE UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER, u nde r d roug hted cond it ion w it h relat ively h ig he r y ield t ha n 18 0 UNITED KINGDOM), TERRY BROWN (THE UNIVERSITY OF kg/h (recommended dose) and 10 % AMF under both droughted MANCHESTER, UNITED KINGDOM) a nd t he i r r igat ion t reat me nt s. A relat ively ha l f recom me nded dose of t he N PK sig n i fica nt ly i nc rea sed y ield i n t he i r r igated t reat me nt [email protected] but not root a nd shoot ma ss. N E R IC A , t hu s ha s tole ra nce to low N PK Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the early crops that was a nd wate r de fic it . T he resu lt s of t h i s st udy ca l l s for f u r t he r st ud ies domesticated in the Near East, and accompanied farmers during to determine the appropriate levels of NPK that requires 5 %R. migration. Barley, which grows naturally in southwest Asia, was irregularis to enhance yield in NERICA. It further recommends that ca r r ied to sout hea st Eu rope a nd eve nt ua l ly spread to ot he r pa r t s of this methodology be applied in other rice cultivars.Key: New rice for t he cont i ne nt . Con side r i ng t hat t he nor t he r n pa r t of Eu rope i s colde r a nd A f r ica ( Ne r ica), A rbu sc u la r Mycor rh i za Fu ng i (A M F ), N PK , d roug ht . ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 42

Mod i fie r (SU MO) protei n wh ic h i nc rea ses du r i ng st ress. We ident i f y PC6.9 PHOSPHATE STATUS-DEPENDENT a SUMO interacting motif (SIM) in GID1 and demonstrate that CONTROL OF INTERACTIONS WITH SU MO - conjugated DE L L A bi nd s to t h i s mot i f i n a G A-i ndependent ma n ne r. T he con seque nt sequest rat ion of GI D1 by SU MO - conjugated ROOT-INFECTING FUNGI IN PLANTS DELLAs leads to an accumulation of non-SUMOylated DELLAs and subsequent bene fic ia l g row t h rest ra i nt du r i ng st ress. We conc lude MONDAY 3 JULY, 2017 15:10 t hat pla nt s have developed a non- G A mec ha n i sm to cont rol g row t h during stress. YUSUKE SAIJO (NARA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN), TAE-HONG LEE (NARA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN), KENTARO OKADA (NARA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN), MIDORI PC6.17 GLUTATHIONE HOMEOSTASIS TANAKA (NARA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, AND CONTROL OF ROOT GROWTH JAPAN), KEI HIRUMA (NARA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND IN ARABIDOPSIS TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN)

[email protected] MONDAY 3 JULY, 2017 16:40

When key nutrients are limited, plants exploit root-associated ANDREAS J MEYER (UNIVERSITY OF BONN, GERMANY), beneficial microbes for nutrient acquisition, while retaining SAJID A K BANGASH (UNIVERSITY OF BONN, GERMANY) e ffec t ive resi sta nce aga i n st pat hoge n s. It re ma i n s poorly u nde rstood how pla nts modu late defense responses to m icrobia l cha l lenge, [email protected] according to the nature of their encountered microbes and the ava i labi l it y of key nut r ie nt s, suc h a s i norga n ic phosphate ( P i). He re, T he t r ipept ide g lutat h ione (reduced for m : GSH; ox id i zed for m : GSSG) we repor t t hat t ra nscr ipt iona l responses to da mage-associated i s a key playe r i n ma i nta i n i ng cel lu la r t h iol-redox homeosta si s a nd molecular pattern (DAMP) peptides via their receptors PEPRs, a s suc h a l so con side red to be i nvolved i n a mu lt it ude of abiot ic st ress but not to fungal chitin, are enhanced in Arabidopsis thaliana. reactions. Beyond this, GSH is required as a co-factor of several Sensitized PEPR signaling leads to a substantial increase in bioc hem ica l reac t ion s i nc lud i ng coord i nat ion of FeS- c lu ste r du r i ng t ra n sc r ipt iona l ac t ivat ion of genes engaged i n Tr p - de r ived metabol ic their transfer from the assembly machinery to the respective pat hways, i nvolv i ng produc t ion of t he a nt i m ic robia l s ca ma le x i n apoproteins as well as detoxification of toxic metabolites and a nd i ndole g lucosi nolates. We pu rsue t he biolog ica l sig n i fica nce a nd xenobiotics. Based on the growth phenotypes of partially GSH- molecular mechanisms for PEPR signaling sensitization under low deficient mutants, GSH and the thiol redox status have been linked Pi conditions, by employing a beneficial endophyte,Colletotrichum to developme nta l processes but d i rec t ev ide nce for a f u nc t iona l l i n k tofieldiae (Ct)( H i r u ma et a l, Cel l 2016), a nd it s pat hoge n ic relat ive C . i s st i l l lac k i ng. To i nvest igate t he role of GSH i n root g row t h , we took incanum (Ci). As previously described for a leaf-infecting pathogenic advantage of an allelic series of GSH-deficient mutants that display a relative C. higginsianum (Yamada et al, EMBOJ 2016), Ci and Ct seve re root phe not y pe cor related w it h GSH conte nt . W he n e x posed to i n fec t ion bot h lead s to deplet ion of t he co -receptor k i na se BA K1, severe water stress in a fully automated phenotyping experiment we which seems to suppress BAK1-dependent fungal resistance. u ne x pec ted ly fou nd no sig n i fica nt d i ffe rences bet ween muta nt s a nd However, our genetic studies point to the existence of separate w i ld-t y pe pla nt s. T h i s obse r vat ion i s f u r t he r cor roborated by t he lac k requirements for the PEPR pathway and Pi star vation response of any pronounced changes in the glutathione redox potential (EGSH ) (PSR) pathways in plant interactions between the two closely related monitored with redox-sensitive GFP. To further test for the role of GSH pat hoge n ic a nd e ndophy t ic f u ng i. in control of root growth we generated several double mutants affected i n g lutat h ione redox homeosta si s i n d i ffe rent for m s. C ha rac te r i zat ion of these mutants at phenotypic and physiological level reveals a distinct role of glutathione in growth control. PC6.16 SUMO MEDIATED CELL SIGNALLING PATHWAYS REVEAL HORMONE BYPASS MECHANISMS IN PLANTS THAT AFFECT GROWTH AND DEFENCE

MONDAY 3 JULY, 2017 16:10

ARI SADANANDOM (UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM, UNITED KINGDOM)

[email protected]

Pla nt s su r v ive adve rse cond it ion s by modu lat i ng t hei r g row t h i n response to changing environmental signals. Gibberellins (GA) play a key role i n t hese adapt ive respon ses by st i mu lat i ng t he deg radat ion of growth repressing DELLA proteins. GA binding to its receptor GID1 enables association of GID1 with DELLAs. This leads to the ubiquitin- med iated protea soma l deg radat ion of DE L L A s a nd con seque nt ly g row t h promot ion . We repor t t hat DE L L A- depe nde nt g row t h cont rol ca n a lso be reg u lated i ndependent ly of G A . We demon st rate t hat a proportion of DELLAs are conjugated to the Small Ubiquitin-like ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 43

PC6.18 LOW PHOSPHATE ACTIVATES PC6.19 REDUCTION OF IAA STOP1-ALMT1 TO RAPIDLY INHIBIT METHYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY ROOT CELL ELONGATION COMPENSATES FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE MALE STERILITY IN ARABIDOPSIS MONDAY 3 JULY, 2017 16:55 MONDAY 3 JULY, 2017 17:10 THIERRY DESNOS (CEA, FRANCE), COLINE BALZERGUE (CEA, FRANCE), THIBAULT DARTEVELLE (CEA, FRANCE), MOHAMAD ABBAS (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, UNITED CHRISTIAN GODON (CEA, FRANCE), EDITH LAUGIER (CEA, KINGDOM), JORGE HERNÁNDEZ-GARCÍA (INSTITUTO DE FRANCE), CLAUDIA MEISRIMLER (CEA, FRANCE), JEAN-MARIE BIOLOGÍA MOLECULAR Y CELULAR DE PLANTAS, SPAIN), NOEL TEULON (CEA, FRANCE), AUDREY CREFF (CEA, FRANCE), BLANCO-TOURIÑÁN (INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGÍA MOLECULAR Y MARIE BISSLER (CEA, FRANCE), CORINNE BROUCHOUD CELULAR DE PLANTAS, SPAIN), NORMA ALIAGA (INSTITUTO (AIX-MARSEILLE UNIVERSITÉ, FRANCE), AGNÈS HAGÈGE DE BIOLOGÍA MOLECULAR Y CELULAR DE PLANTAS, SPAIN), (CEA, FRANCE), JENS MÜLLER (LIPB, GERMANY), SERGE EUGENIO G. MINGUET (INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGÍA MOLECULAR Y CHIARENZA (CEA, FRANCE), HÉLÈNE JAVOT (CEA, FRANCE), CELULAR DE PLANTAS, SPAIN), DAVID ALABADI (INSTITUTO NOËLLE BECUWE-LINKA (CEA, FRANCE), PASCALE DAVID DE BIOLOGÍA MOLECULAR Y CELULAR DE PLANTAS, SPAIN), (CEA, FRANCE), BENJAMIN PÉRET (CNRS, FRANCE), ETIENNE MIGUEL A. BLAZQUEZ (INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGÍA MOLECULAR Y DELANNOY (CEA, FRANCE), MARIE-CHRISTINE THIBAUD (CEA, CELULAR DE PLANTAS, SPAIN) FRANCE), JEAN ARMANGAUD (CEA, FRANCE), STEFFEN ABEL (LIPB, GERMANY), JEAN-LUC PELLEQUER (CEA, FRANCE), [email protected] LAURENT NUSSAUME (CEA, FRANCE) High temperature is a general stress factor that causes a decrease [email protected] in crop yield. It has been shown that auxin application reduces the male sterility caused by exposure to higher temperatures. However, Environmental cues profoundly modulate cell proliferation t he fac t t hat au x i n i s a key reg u lator of pla nt developme nt poses t he and cell elongation to inform and direct plant growth and risk of undesired side effects caused by widespread applications, development. External phosphate limitation (-Pi) inhibits and the generation of new plant varieties with local accumulation primary root growth in many plant species. However, of auxin in reproductive organs may represent an alternative. We the underlying Pi sensory mechanisms are unknown. have e x plored t he possibi l it y of i nc rea si ng i ndoleacet ic ac id ( I A A) In a large scale EMS mutagenesis, we identified numerous in ovaries by knocking out the IA A METHYLTR ANSFER ASE1 mutant alleles of two new Arabidopsis genes whose WT activity ( I A M T1) ge ne i n A rabidopsi s t ha l ia na. T heia mt1muta nt showed inhibits the primary root growth in -Pi: the transcription increased auxin signaling in funiculi, which correlated with a higher factor STOP1 and its direct target ALMT1, encoding a growth rate of wild-type pollen in contact with mutant ovaries and malate exudation channel. We observed that the -Pi stress premature ovule fertilization. While the production of seeds per stimulates transcription of ALMT1 and that the long primary f r u it wa s si m i la r i n t he w i ld t y pe a nd t he muta nt at 20 °C , e x posu re root of stop1 mutants is due to the lack of ALMT1 expression. to 29°C caused a more severe decrease in fertility in the wild type We showed that STOP1, A LMT1 and the cell wall ferroxidase t ha n i n t he muta nt. Loss of I A MT1 act iv it y was a lso associated LPR1 rapidly inhibit cell elongation. Using a combination to the production of more nodes after flowering and higher of atomic force microscopy (AFM) micro-indentation, tolerance of the shoot apical meristem to higher temperatures. pharmacology and mutants, we demonstrated that STOP1, As a consequence, the productivity of the iamt1 mutant under ALMT1 and LPR1 mediate Fe and peroxidase-dependent cell higher temperatures was more than double of that of the wild type, wall stiffening of root epidermal cells in the transition zone. w it h a l most no appa re nt t rade - off. During the subsequent slow inhibition of cell proliferation in t he pr i ma r y root me r i ste m , wh ic h i s med iated by L PR1, but la rgely STOP1-ALMT1-independent, we showed that Fe and callose accumulate in the stem cell niche, leading to meristem reduction. Our work uncovers STOP1 and ALMT1 as a new signalling PC6.20 HOW DO PLANTS MANAGE pathway of low Pi availability and exuded malate as an THEIR ENERGY? unexpected apoplastic inhibitor of root cell wall expansion (Nature Communications, i n press). TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 10:30

ELENA BAENA-GONZÁLEZ (INSTITUTO GULBENKIAN DE CIÊNCIA, PORTUGAL)

[email protected]

Ma nagement of ene rg y resou rces i s i mpor ta nt for t he su r v iva l of a l l l iv i ng orga n i sm s. E ne rg y ma nagement occ u rs at t he cel lu la r level to suppor t processes t hat a re most releva nt for a pa r t ic u la r e nv i ron me nt or developme nta l stage but a l so at t he whole orga n i sm level where an efficient coordination of activities in different tissues and organs is required for optimal use of available resources and proper growth and development. In plants energy management i s a major dete r m i na nt of c rop produc t iv it y, a s it a ffec t s processes suc h a s st ress tole ra nce flowe r i ng, bra nc h i ng, se nesce nce, or seed ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 44

fi l l i ng. Howeve r, how t he e ne rg y ma nage me nt net work ope rates i s poorly u nde rstood . O ne major compone nt of t h i s net work i s t he PC6.22 TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION Sn R K1 protei n k i na se comple x . Sn R K1 u nde rgoes ac t ivat ion u nde r OF STARCH DEGRADATION IN cond it ion s of e ne rg y de fic ie nc y, sh i f t i ng t he cel l’s metabol i sm f rom a nabol ic towa rd s a catabol ic mode a nd con seque nt ly play i ng pivota l ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA: ARE roles in carbon allocation and remobilization during stress but also TETRATRICOPEPTIDE REPEAT i n nor ma l cond it ion s. I n t h i s ta l k I w i l l prese nt ou r st rateg ies a nd (TPR)-LIKE SUPERFAMILY prog ress i n t he d i ssec t ion of t he poorly u nde rstood Sn R K1 sig na l i ng pat hway, a s a fi rst step towa rd s u nde rsta nd i ng how pla nt s ma nage PROTEINS INVOLVED? their resources and how plant grow th is modified in response to the environment. TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 11:25

EVA-THERESA PYL (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, GERMANY), TOMASZ CZERNIAK (MAX PC6.21 INCREASING WHEAT PLANCK INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, YIELD AND RESILIENCE USING A GERMANY), CHRISTIN ABEL (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE NOVEL TREHALOSE-6-PHOSPHATE OF MOLECULAR PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, GERMANY), SARAH M PILKINGTON (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR PLANT (T6P) PRECURSOR PHYSIOLOGY, GERMANY), DOREEN FEIKE (JOHN INNES CENTRE, UNITED KINGDOM), ALISON M SMITH (JOHN INNES TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 11:10 CENTRE, UNITED KINGDOM), RONAN SULPICE (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, GERMANY), CARA A GRIFFITHS (ROTHAMSTED RESEARCH, UNITED MARK STITT (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR PLANT KINGDOM), RAM SAGAR (OXFORD UNIVERSITY, UNITED PHYSIOLOGY, GERMANY) KINGDOM), YIQUN GENG (OXFORD UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), LUCIA F PRIMAVESI (ROTHAMSTED RESEARCH, [email protected] UNITED KINGDOM), MITUL K PATEL (OXFORD UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), MATTHEW J PAUL (ROTHAMSTED RESEARCH, To cope with the daily cycle of light and dark, plants accumulate UNITED KINGDOM), BENJAMIN G DAVIS (OXFORD UNIVERSITY, carbon (C) reser ves in the light period, often as starch, and then UNITED KINGDOM) remobilize them at night to support metabolism, maintenance a nd g row t h . T he rate of sta rc h deg radat ion i s a ffec ted by t he n ig ht [email protected] te mpe rat u re a nd depe nd s on t he g row t h cond it ion s. W he n C supply i s l i m ited , t he rate of sta rc h deg radat ion i s completely te mpe rat u re - Diminishing arable land, population growth and variable global compe n sated , respond i ng qu ic k ly eve n to sudde n c ha nges i n n ig ht c l i mates a re i nc rea si ng t he pressu re on ag r ic u lt u ra l pla nt spec ies temperature, thereby preventing exhaustion of C reserves before to become higher-yielding and have greater resilience. Crop dawn. However, when the plant has more than enough starch improvement can be facilitated by traditional selective breeding to survive through the night, the rate of starch degradation is and genetic modification approaches, however may not induce temperature sensitive and depends on the night temperature. An t he c ha nges needed i n t he t i me t he world requ i res it . Tre ha lose - 6 - Arabidopsis thaliana C-sta r vat ion repor te r l i ne wa s mutage n i zed phosphate (T6P) is a central sugar signal in plants that regulates w it h E M S a nd t he M 1 pla nt s we re sel fed . T he M 2 popu lat ion wa s suc rose a l locat ion a nd u se t h roug h reg u lat i ng t he ac t iv it y of Suc rose g row n w it h a n ig ht te mpe rat u re of 10 °C , a nd sc ree ned for muta nt s non-fermenting kinase 1 (SnRK1). In this research, a chemical t hat e x pe r ie nce C-sta r vat ion fol low i ng a n u ne x pec ted wa r m n ig ht approach was utilised to increase crop yield and resilience that te mpe rat u re of 19 °C . O ne of t he ide nt i fied muta nt s wa s con fi r med to relies on increasing the concentration of T6P within the plant using be unable to properly adjust its rate of starch degradation, so its starch a caged-T6P prec u rsor. E xc ited ly, whe n a solut ion of caged-T6P i s reserves were already depleted 2 h before the end of the warm night. applied to drought-stressed wheat at jointing stage, recovery of Ca nd idate ge nes we re ide nt i fied by SHOR E mappi ng a nd tested by t he pla nt s a nd t he capac it y to g row new t i ssue i s i nc rea sed a f te r phenotyping T-DNA insertion lines. This confirmed that the causal rewate r i ng. Fu r t he r more, a nd pe rhaps t he most st r i k i ng resu lt, mutation resides in a gene encoding a tetratricopeptide repeat-like i s t hat seed y ield of non-st ressed pla nt s sprayed w it h a caged-T6P supe r fa m i ly protei n (TPR1). This has a close homologue, TPR2, but solution is increased by up to 20%. This research demonstrates tpr2 nu l l muta nt s have no obv iou s sta rc h phe not y pe. A double tpr1 for the first time that a chemical approach can be used to alter tpr2 mutant has been made to test its response to unexpected early carbohydrate biology in plants to increase drought resilience, in wa r m n ig ht s. add it ion to i nc rea si ng y ield s by up to 20 %, e xceed i ng t hat show n i n rece nt work i n G M a nd breed i ng tec h nolog ies. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 45

endogenou s suga rs. E x pe r i menta l approac hes to d i st i ng u i sh suga r PC6.23 THE ROLE OF THE TOR KINASE and light have recently uncovered novel roles for sugars in circadian IN THE REGULATION OF PLANT NUTRIENT entrainment. Using similar approaches, we have performed a forward genetic screen in Arabidopsis using a transcriptional AND STRESS SIGNALLING luciferase reporter for COLD, CIRCADIAN RHYTHM AND RNA BINDING 2 (CCR2) i n a l ig ht-i ndependent a ssay to ident i f y sou r pu ss TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 11:40 (sor) muta nt s of A rabidopsi s, wh ic h a re hy po -respon sive to suc rose. T he t ra n sc r ipt iona l respon se of sor muta nt s to va r iou s metabol ic CHRISTIAN MEYER (IJPB INRA VERSAILLES, FRANCE) sugars and sugar uptake assays suggest these mutants are not i mpa i red i n t ra n spor t or catabol i sm . Fu r t he r more, we have detec ted [email protected] a lte red e x pression of t ra n sc r ipt iona l ma rke rs for Sn R K1 a nd TOR kinase pathways in sor mutants, which is consistent with altered Plants cannot escape from environmental stresses and thus suga r sig na l l i ng. T he f u l l e x tent of suga r-respon sive t ra n sc r ipt iona l have to adapt t hei r g row t h to ex ter na l cond it ions by reg u lat i ng phenotypes in sor muta nt s a re bei ng de fi ned by R NA-Seq a na lyses cellular processes such as metabolism and hormonal balance to revea l t he a ffec ted t ra n sc r ipt iona l net work s i n t hese muta nt s. to preserve energy resources. The Target of Rapamycin (TOR) kinase is an evolutionarily conserved and central regulatory element that integrates nutrient, energy and hormone signals to regulate growth in yeast, animals and plants. Indeed, the PC6.25 INFLUENCE OF LIGHT TOR pathway controls essential biological outputs like mRNA ON SHOOT STEM CELL REGULATION translation, autophagy, metabolic adaptations and hormone respon ses, col lec t ively cont r ibut i ng to g row t h a nd st ress su r v iva l. AND DEVELOPMENT We will show that a decrease in TOR activity reduces the accumulation of stress-related hormone (abscisic acid) and TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 12:25 metabol ites (ra ffi nose a nd prol i ne). Fu r t he r more, reduc i ng TOR ac t iv it y by genet ic or pha r maceut ica l mea n s has a st rong e ffec t ANNE PFEIFFER (COS UNIVERSITY HEIDELBERG, GERMANY), on t he globa l t ra nscr iptome a nd proteome as wel l as on pr i ma r y DENIS JANOCHA (COS UNIVERSITY HEIDELBERG, GERMANY), metabolism. For example, the expression of a vast majority of YIHAN DONG (COS UNIVERSITY HEIDELBERG, GERMANY), JAN nuclear genes coding for plastidic ribosomal proteins, which U LOHMANN (COS HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) a re reg u lated by ma ny st resses i n a coord i nated way, is globally controlled by the TOR activity. We will also present the identification [email protected] of novel components of the plant TOR signalling pathway. I n conc lu sion it seem s t hat t he TOR k i na se i s a n i mpor ta nt sen sor The development of the first leaves is actively suppressed in and regulatory component in plants that is essential for growth and etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings. Unlike other photomorphogenic metabol ic adaptat ion s to st resses. g row t h pat te r n s, t he ac t ivat ion of t he shoot apica l me r i ste m (SA M ) depe nd s not solely on t he pe rcept ion of l ig ht, but add it iona l ly on nut r ie nt ava i labi l it y. We d i ssec t how l ig ht a s wel l a s l ig ht de r ived metabolic signals are integrated at the SAM to overcome this PC6.24 LIGHT-INDEPENDENT SUGAR developme nta l a r rest . L ig ht i s he reby pe rceived t h roug h t he pla nt ’s photoreceptors, which activate the stem cell regulator WUSCHEL in SIGNALLING IN ARABIDOPSIS t he SA M i ndepe nde nt ly of photosy nt hesi s by i n h ibit i ng t he pote nt repressor of photomor phogenesi s COP1. Metabol ic sig na ls, on t he TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 12:10 ot he r ha nd , a re t ra n sduced to t he me r i ste m t h roug h ac t ivat ion of t he TA RGE T OF R A PA M YC I N ( TOR) k i na se. We show t hat TOR ANGELA ROMAN-FERNANDEZ (DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY i s f u r t he r more i n h ibited by COP1 a nd t hat t he reg u lat ion of TOR UNIVERSITY OF YORK, UNITED KINGDOM), HEATHER EASTMOND ac t iv it y i s i nvolved i n t ra n sduc i ng t he l ig ht sig na l to t he SA M . T he (DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF YORK, UNITED TOR kinase acts therefore as central integrator of light derived KINGDOM), WAHEED ARSHAD (DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY signals and a key regulator of meristemal activity at the shoot apex. UNIVERSITY OF YORK, UNITED KINGDOM), IAN A GRAHAM Light and nutrient signalling are additionally integrated at the (DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF YORK, UNITED level of the plant hormone cytokinin (CK). While light prevents CK KINGDOM), MICHAEL J HAYDON (THE UNIVERSITY OF brea kdow n at t he SA M v ia repression of t he C Y TOK I N I N OX I DA SES MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA) 5 and 6, CK downstream signalling depends strictly on the presence of photosy nt het ic produc t s. E n su i ng t hat bot h , l ig ht a nd nut r ie nt s [email protected] are available at the same time allows the plant to resourcefully time t he developme nta l t ra n sit ion towa rd s new orga n developme nt . Suga rs a re t he pr i me ca rbon a nd e ne rg y sou rces i n most cel l s but a l so play pivota l roles a s sig na l l i ng molec u les. I n pla nt s, t he model of sugar sensing and signalling pathways has been inferred by homology to animal or yeast systems and by the study of loss-of- f u nc t ion muta nt s i n A rabidopsi s. T he major compone nt s ide nt i fied i nc lude H E XOK I NA SE 1 ( H X K1), Sn f 1-R E L AT E D K I NA SE 1 (Sn R K1), t reha lose- 6 -phospate (T6P), G-protei n sig na l l i ng a nd TA RGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR) kinase, but a great deal remains to be elucidated about the precise molecular mechanism of sugar sensing a nd sig na l l i ng i n pla nt cel l s. P rev iou s i nvest igat ion of pla nt suga r sig na l l i ng ha s most ly been pe r for med i n t he l ig ht when sig na l l i ng pathways are already activated by photosynthetically-derived ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 46

PC6.26 MASTER REGULATOR HSFS PC6.27 ROOT HYDROTROPISM IS IN ARABIDOPSIS: ARE THEY CONTROLLED VIA A CORTEX-SPECIFIC MOLECULAR SWITCHES BETWEEN GROWTH MECHANISM GROWTH AND DEFENCE? TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 14:20 TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 13:40 DANIELA DIETRICH (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, UNITED PHILIP M MULLINEAUX (UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX, UNITED KINGDOM), LEI PANG (TOHOKU UNIVERSITY, JAPAN), AKIE KINGDOM), WALEED S ALBIHLAL (UNIVERSITY OF SURREY, KOBAYASHI (TOHOKU UNIVERSITY, JAPAN), JOHN A FOZARD UNITED KINGDOM), RAMONA PERSAD (UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX, (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, UNITED KINGDOM), VERONIQUE UNITED KINGDOM), IRABONOSI OBOMIGHE (UNIVERSITY BOUDOLF (GHENT UNIVERSITY, BELGIUM), RAHUL BHOSALE OF ESSEX, UNITED KINGDOM), THOMAS BLEIN (INSTITUTE (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, UNITED KINGDOM), REGINA OF PLANT SCIENCES PARIS-SACLAY, FRANCE), MARINO ANTONI (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, UNITED KINGDOM), EXPOSITO-RODRIGUEZ (UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX, UNITED TUAN NGUYEN (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, UNITED KINGDOM), MARTIN CRESPI (INSTITUTE OF PLANT SCIENCES KINGDOM), SOTARO HIRATSUKA (TOHOKU UNIVERSITY, PARIS-SACLAY, FRANCE), ULRIKE BECHTOLD (UNIVERSITY OF JAPAN), NOBUHARU FUJII (TOHOKU UNIVERSITY, JAPAN), ESSEX, UNITED KINGDOM) YUTAKA MIYAZAWA (YAMAGATA UNIVERSITY, JAPAN), TAE-WOONG BAE (TOHOKU UNIVERSITY, JAPAN), DARREN M [email protected] WELLS (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, UNITED KINGDOM), MARKUS R OWEN (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, UNITED There are 21 Heat Shock Transcription Factor genes (HSFs) in KINGDOM), LEAH R BAND (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, UNITED Arabidopsis thaliana and evidence is accumulating that these KINGDOM), ROSEMARY J DYSON (UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM, not only control stress responses but also aspects of plant growth UNITED KINGDOM), OLIVER E JENSEN (UNIVERSITY OF and development. The clade A1 class of HSFs a re 4 pa ralogs t hat NOTTINGHAM, UNITED KINGDOM), JOHN R KING (UNIVERSITY appear to influence the expression of many, if not all, otherHSFs OF NOTTINGHAM, UNITED KINGDOM), SAOIRSE R TRACY and are termed master regulators of the HSF fa m i ly. We ide nt i fied (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, UNITED KINGDOM), CRAIG J developmental and stress-responsive genes controlled by HSFA1b STURROCK (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, UNITED KINGDOM), by a na lysi ng genome -w ide bi nd i ng of H SFA1b - eY F P, combi ned SACHA J MOONEY (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, UNITED with transcriptomics, in control, heat stressed and HSFA1b KINGDOM), JEREMY A ROBERTS (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, ove r- e x pressi ng pla nt s. A w ide a r ray of ge nes a ssoc iated not on ly UNITED KINGDOM), RISHIKESH P BHALERAO (SWEDISH w it h st ress respon ses but a l so g row t h a nd developme nt f u nc t ion s UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, SWEDEN), JOSE we re show n to be bot h d i rec t ly a nd i nd i rec t ly reg u lated by H SFA1b. R DINNENY (CARNEGIE INSTITUTION FOR SCIENCE, UNITED H SFA1b -reg u lated ge nes i nc lude t hose cod i ng nat u ra l a nt i se n se STATES), PEDRO L RODRIGUEZ (UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA t ra n sc r ipt s ( NATs) wh ic h potent ia l ly reg u late t he e x pression of DE VALENCIA, SPAIN), AKIRA NAGATANI (KYOTO UNIVERSITY, >4 0 0 ta rget loc i. Fu r t he r, we i nte rsec ted bi nd i ng ta rget s of H SFA1b JAPAN), YOICHIROH HOSOKAWA (NARA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE w it h t hose of 7 ot he r t ra n sc r ipt ion fac tors ( T Fs), wh ic h suggest s t hat TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN), TOBIAS I BASKIN (UNIVERSITY H SFA1b i s one of a nu mbe r of T Fs t hat t ra n sduce e nv i ron me nta l a nd OF MASSACHUSETTS, UNITED STATES), TONY P PRIDMORE e ndoge nou s c ues i nto a core com mon net work of st ress-respon sive (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, UNITED STATES), LIEVEN and developmental genes. We conclude that in wild type plants, DE VEYLDER (GHENT UNIVERSITY, BELGIUM), HIDEYUKI u nde r bot h be n ig n a nd st ress cond it ion s, t hat H SFA1b prov ides a TAKAHASHI (TOHOKU UNIVERSITY, JAPAN), MALCOLM J BENNETT condu it for env i ron menta l c ues to subt ly a nd con sta nt ly i n fluence (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, UNITED KINGDOM) g row t h a nd developme nt . Fu r t he r, how H SFs e ngage i n pr i m i ng the expression of stress-responsive genes, which poise the plant to [email protected] eit he r ac t ivate defe nces to su r v ive t he on set of a n adve rse cond it ion or conversely, initiate acclimation leading to enhanced growth, Plants use tropisms to acclimate to changes in environmental w i l l be con side red . conditions and link their direction of growth to cues provided by light, gravity and water. Hydrotropism allows roots to forage for water, a process known to depend on abscisic acid (A BA) but whose molecular and cellular basis remains unclear. We show that hydrotropism still occurs in roots after laser and manual ablation removed the meristem and root cap. Additionally, targeted e x pression st ud ies revea l t hat hyd rot ropi sm depe nd s on t he A BA sig na l l i ng k i na se, Sn R K 2 . 2 , a nd t he hyd rot ropi sm-spec i fic M I Z1, bot h ac t i ng spec i fica l ly i n elongat ion zone cor t ica l cel l s. Conve rsely, hydrotropism, but not gravitropism, is inhibited by preventing differential cell-length increases in the cortex, but not in other cell types. Using multiscale mechanical modelling, we show that a differential growth response in the cortex cell file is sufficient to achieve the root tip angles observed in the hydrotropism assays. We conc lude t hat root t ropic respon ses to g rav it y a nd wate r a re d r ive n by distinct tissue-based mechanisms. In addition, unlike its role in root gravitropism, the elongation zone performs a dual function during a hyd rot ropic respon se, bot h se n si ng a wate r pote nt ia l g rad ie nt a nd subseque nt ly u nde rgoi ng d i ffe re nt ia l g row t h . ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 47

PC6.28 AN ORGAN-ON-A-CHIP PC6.29 PLANT SYSTEMS BIOLOGY: APPROACH FOR INVESTIGATING ROOT- APPLICATION TO RICE FOR ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS IN UNDERSTANDING METABOLIC AND HETEROGENEOUS CONDITIONS REGULATORY CHARACTERISTICS UNDER DIFFERENT LIGHT CONDITIONS FOR TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 14:35 CROP IMPROVEMENT

GUIDO GROSSMANN (CENTRE FOR ORGANISMAL STUDIES TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 14:50 HEIDELBERG UNIVERSITY, GERMANY), CLAIRE E STANLEY (INSTITUT FÜR NACHHALTIGKEITSWISSENSCHAFTEN AGROSCOPE, SWITZERLAND), JAGRITI SHRIVASTAVA (CENTRE BIJAYALAXMI MOHANTY (NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE, FOR ORGANISMAL STUDIES HEIDELBERG UNIVERSITY, SINGAPORE), MEIYAPPAN LAKSHMANAN (BIOPROCESSING GERMANY), RIK BRUGMAN (CENTRE FOR ORGANISMAL STUDIES TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE, SINGAPORE), SUN-HYUNG LIM HEIDELBERG UNIVERSITY, GERMANY), DIRK VAN SWAAY (NATIONAL ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE RURAL (INSTITUTE FOR CHEMICAL AND BIOENGINEERING ETH DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, KOREA (SOUTH)), JAE KWANG ZÜRICH, SWITZERLAND) KIM (INCHEON NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, KOREA (SOUTH)), SUN- HWA HA (KYUNG HEE UNIVERSITY, KOREA (SOUTH)), DONG-YUP [email protected] LEE (NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE BIOPROCESSING TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE, SINGAPORE) Plant roots grow in highly heterogeneous environments where t hey need to loca l ly adapt t hei r a rc h itec t u re to opt i ma l ly absorb [email protected] nutrients and water, interact with pathogenic and symbiotic microbes, and cope with diverse abiotic stress conditions. Our Light is the primary energy source and important signaling lab is developing RootChips, integrated microfluidic perfusion component for growth and development of plants. A comprehensive and imaging platforms that facilitate microscopic studies of root- u nde rsta nd i ng on how d i ffe rent l ig ht sou rces a ffec t t he g row th, environment interactions under precisely controlled conditions. development and production of secondary metabolites both at He re we prese nt a tec h n ique t hat a l lows i nvest igat i ng how root s metabolic and gene regulation levels will provide a significant pe rceive a nd respond to loca l st i mu l i a nd develop i n a sy m met r ic insight towards improved rice varieties. To do so, we employed env i ron ment s, whe re one side of t he root i s e x posed to bene fic ia l systems biology approach to study such light-driven metabolic a nd t he ot he r side to adve rse cond it ion s. T he dua l-flow-RootC h ip a nd reg u lator y mec ha n i sm i n r ice. I n t h i s st udy, we fi rst developed (d f RootC h ip) e mploys a m ic ropi l la r a r ray for g u ided root g row t h a constraint-based genome scale metabolic model of rice and a nd ut i l i zes la m i na r flow to t reat bot h sides of a root sepa rately. We subsequently integrated transcriptome and metabolomic data prese nt appl icat ion s t hat ra nge f rom mon itor i ng of physiolog y a nd w it h t he model to fi nd out d i ffe rent l ig ht-spec i fic t ra n sc r ipt iona l development under asymmetric conditions, tracing molecular signatures of rice metabolism. Specifically, effects of blue- and red- upta ke a nd select ive d r ug t reat ments, to local i nocu lat ion w it h l ig ht sig na ls on t he pr i ma r y a nd seconda r y metabol i sm ident i fied t he microbes. We measured calcium responses in roots treated with i nvole me nt of d i ffe re nt phy tohor mones suc h a s abc i sic ac id (A BA), biotic and abiotic elicitors and observed elicitor-specific signal ethylene, gibberellin and jasmonate. The subsequent analysis on the propagation across the root from treated to untreated cells. promoter region of relevant genes further identified several light- We further demonstrate cell-autonomous regulation of root hair spec i fic putat ivec i s- ele me nt s a nd t hei r a ssoc iated t ra n sc r ipt ion growth under local availability of phosphate, a nutrient that often factors. Moreover, the analysis on the light-specific transcriptional e x h ibit s patc hy d i st r ibut ion i n soi l. O u r approac h shed s l ig ht on cel l reg u lat ion of t he biosy nt hesi s of h ig he r acc u mu lat ion ca rotenoid s autonomy and lateral coordination of morphological adaptation and and phenolic compounds revealed a crosstalk between different fac i l itates st ud ies on root physiolog y, sig na l l i ng a nd developme nt phytohormones and the possible involvement of key transcription in heterogeneous environments at the organ level. factors such as bHLH, bZIP, MYB, WRKY, ZnF and ERF upon exposure to blue light. Overall, our analysis provides a possible transcriptional regulatory mechanism underlying involvement of d i ffe re nt seconda r y metabol ic pat hways i n respon se to blue l ig ht and provide several potential applications for crop improvement. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 48

PC6.36 REDOX CYCLING DURING THE PC6.38 IMPROVING POST-SUBMERGENCE CELL CYCLE IN THE EMBRYONIC ROOT RECOVERY IN ARABIDOPSIS THROUGH MERISTEM AND ITS DISRUPTION BY ROS MEDIATION MILD OXIDATION TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 16:45 TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 16:00 ELAINE YEUNG (UTRECHT UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS), HANS CHRISTINE H FOYER (UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, VAN VEEN (UTRECHT UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS), DIVYA UNITED KINGDOM) VASHISHT (GREGOR MENDEL INSTITUTE, AUSTRIA), JULIA BAILEY-SERRES (UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE, [email protected] UNITED STATES), LAURENTIUS ACJ VOESENEK (UTRECHT UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS), RASHMI SASIDHARAN (UTRECHT Redox regulation of the plant cell cycle has long been postulated UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS) but not been clearly demonstrated. Using thein vivoreduction- oxidation (redox) reporter (roGFP2), we explored the possibility E.Y.YEU N G @ U U.NL of redox cycl i ng w it h i n t he cel l cycle i n t he prol i ferat i ng cel ls of t he embr yon ic root me r i stem of ge r m i nat i ng A rabidopsi s seed s. Recovery from flooding stress is dependent not only on plants’ A t ra n sie nt ox idat ion of t he c y tosol a nd t he n t he nuc lei wa s obse r ved viability under water, but their post-submergence tolerance at G1 fol lowed by re -reduc t ion at G2 a nd m itosi s. Howeve r, t h i s redox as well. Some plants die after the flood water recedes, thus c yc l i ng at G1/G2 wa s pe r t u rbed i n muta nt s w it h low redox bu ffe r i ng investigating the recovery phase may provide insight into plants’ capac it y resu lt i ng f rom i mpa i red sy nt hesi s a nd acc u mu lat ion of ove ra l l flood i ng tole ra nce. T h i s st udy compa red a subme rge nce - a scorbate. T he nuc lei i n t he d iv id i ng cel ls of t hese muta nt s showed tolerant and -intolerant Arabidopsis accession. Both showed a sig n i fica nt i nc rea se i n t he deg ree of ox idat ion , toget he r w it h a n similar submergence-mediated damage, but they were studied for i mpa i red capac it y to i nc rea se i n si ze du r i ng t he ea rly stages of t he t hei r d i ffe re nt recove r y rates upon de -subme rge nce. Cont ra st i ng cell cycle. In addition, data will be presented showing that the seed physiological and molecular responses under post-submergence transcriptome is altered by oxidation in the mother plant resulting recove r y wa s i nvest igated u si ng a r ibosome -sequenc i ng approac h . i n la rge r e mbr yos a f te r i mbibit ion , w it hout con si ste nt ly a ffec t i ng D i ffe rences bet ween t he accession s i n t he subme rgence a nd t he dormancy and longevity. recove r y pha se we re ide nt i fied . Ge ne O ntolog y ide nt i fied categor ies related to oxidative stress, photosynthetic processes, desiccation stress, and hormone responses. Formation of damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) molecules occurs when plants are exposed to a PC6.37 PHOTORECEPTORS ARE sudden bu rst of ox ygen du r i ng t he t ra n sit ion to t he a i r env i ron ment after a long submergence period. Oxidative stress leads to breakdown INVOLVED IN ARABIDOPSIS GROWTH of important organelles, thus damaging the photosynthetic UNDER SALT STRESS CONDITIONS appa rat u s a nd i nduc t ion of dow n st rea m desiccat ion respon ses. IN VITRO When cell death and senescence occur in the leaves, plant regrowth is inhibited. Thus, the ability to restrict or recover from ROS production du r i ng de -subme rge nce i s i mpor ta nt for recove r y. St udy i ng t he TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 16:30 post-flooding responses with ribo-seq revealed the molecular processes i nduc i ng protec t ive mec ha n i sm s du r i ng recove r y. IRINA STRIZH (FACULTY OF BIOLOGY M.V. LOMONOSOV MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY, RUSSIA)

[email protected] PC6.10 CIA2 AND CIL TRANSCRIPTION Growing Arabidopsis in Petri dishes under full illumination of FACTORS ARE REQUIRED FOR OPTIMAL t he root a nd shoot i s t he com mon a nd wel l accepted e x pe r i me nta l PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN ARABIDOPSIS method in plant biology. It is also well known that root of the most plants should grow in darkness so there is an opinion that light is a THALIANA stress factor for the root growing. Abiotic stresses could cause an accele rat ion of t he g row i ng to escape t he proble m or a n i n h ibit ion TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION of root g row i ng i n pa r t ic u la rly. L ight promote root g row i ng, but sa lt st ress i n h ibit s it. T he idea of t he present work wa s to compa re PIOTR GAWRONSKI (WULS, POLAND), PAWEL BURDIAK the involvement of these two stress abiotic factors for Arabidopsis (WULS, POLAND), JAKUB MIELECKI (WULS, POLAND), growing in vitro. We have mea su red pr i ma r y root g row t h a nd a lso ANNA KOZLOWSKA-MAKULSKA (WULS, POLAND), STANISLAW compared germination rate and survival time of plants growing KARPINSKI (WULS, POLAND) continuously on 0, 50, 100,150 mM NaCl. As object of research phya, phyb, phot1, phot2, cry1, cry2 mutants ( backg round Col- 0) [email protected] we re u sed . T he more prom i ne nt d i ffe re nces bet wee n w i ld t y pe a nd muta nt s have bee n fou nd u nde r 150 m M NaC l i n med ia. Muta nt s on Because of their nature, plants are unable to avoid naturally photoreceptors have show n de fi n itely longe r su r v iva l t i me t ha n fluc t uat i ng e nv i ron me nt cond it ion s suc h a s h ig h l ig ht, U V rad iat ion w i ld t y pe. We ca n conc lude t hat photoreceptors not on ly i nvolved i n or pathogen attack. Plant response to stress conditions is determined pr i ma r y root g row t h a nd ge r m i nat ion u nde r sa lt a nd l ig ht st resses, by h ig h ly comple x sig na l l i ng net work bet wee n orga nel les suc h but can influence salt tolerance of the adult plants as well. as chloroplast and nucleus. Apart from hosting the process of photosy nt hesi s c h loropla st s se r ve a s se n sors of v i sible l ig ht a nd ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 49

ot he r env i ron menta l c ues. I n a se r ies of event s te r med a s ret rog rade l ight cond it ions? T h is w i l l be d isc ussed toget her w it h stomata l signalling they release a plethora of retrograde signalling and factors insensitivity to ABA as closure signal in young leaves, exposed to that lead to changes in nuclear gene expression and trigger plant higher relative humidity in the leaf rosette. It might be favourable to acclimation. Great majority of chloroplast proteins are nuclear the diffusion of atmospheric CO2 , especially in highly illuminated encoded and are imported into the organelle from cytoplasm. Among leaves w it h h ig h de ma nd for photosy nt het ic subst rate, but cou ld t hem , t he re i s a su r pr i si ng ly h ig h nu mbe r of putat ive t ra n sc r ipt ion also critically impair the tolerance to the water stress. fac tors ( T Fs) w it h yet u n k now n f u nc t ion . Usi ng reve rse -ge net ics approac h , we sc ree ned ove r 20 0 k noc kout l i nes represe nt i ng putat ive TFs predicted for chloroplast targeting. We focused on a cia2 muta nt (mutation in CHLOROPLAST IMPORT APPARATUS 2, CIA2 gene), PC6.12 DEVELOPMENT OF THE ROOT which showed increased sensitivity to high light and UV-AB radiation. Since homology searches identified CIA2-like (CIL) ge ne VASCULATURE DEPENDS ON ABA AND encod i ng protei n h ig h ly si m i la r to C I A 2 , we i nt roduced c i l mutat ion IS AFFECTED BY ABIOTIC STRESS into cia2 bac kg rou nd . W he n compa red to w i ld t y pe pla nt s, cia2/cil had dec rea sed non-photoc hem ica l quenc h i ng, CO 2 a ssi m i lat ion a nd TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION chlorophyll content. We also observed that processing of chloroplast 23S rR NA a nd e x pression of nuc lea r- e ncoded , c h loropla st-ta rgeted PRASHANTH RAMACHANDRAN (PHYSIOLOGICAL BOTANY ribosomal proteins are decreased in cia2/cil. Our data suggest DEPARTMENT OF ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY UPPSALA UNIVERSITY, that CIA2 and CIL, by controlling an expression of nuclear genes, SWEDEN), FRAUKE AUGSTEIN (PHYSIOLOGICAL BOTANY influence translation in chloroplasts and are required for optimal DEPARTMENT OF ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY UPPSALA UNIVERSITY, photosynthesis in Arabidopsis. SWEDEN), JAN DE VRIES (DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY, CANADA), GUODONG WANG (COLLEGE OF LIFE SCIENCES SHAANXI NORMAL UNIVERSITY, CHINA), ANNELIE CARLSBECKER PC6.11 LIGHT REGULATION (PHYSIOLOGICAL BOTANY DEPARTMENT OF ORGANISMAL OF STOMATAL DEVELOPMENT BIOLOGY UPPSALA UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN) IN ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA, INTEGRATION OF HORMONAL [email protected] AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL CONTROL A s t he i n it iat ion poi nt for wate r upta ke, a wel l- developed x yle m i n t he root ser ves a n i mpor ta nt role i n pla nt su r v iva l. T he root is constantly exposed to changing environment, and this would TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION e n force a need to adapt not on ly root g row t h but a l so it s a natomy e.g. for more efficient water uptake. In a prev ious study we have MARIE HRONKOVÁ (UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH BOHEMIA IN ČESKÉ u ncove red a bid i rec t iona l com mu n icat ion bet ween t he va sc u la r BUDĚJOVICE AND BIOLOGY CENTRE CAS, CZECH REPUBLIC), stele and the surrounding endodermis via microRNA 165/166, DANA WIESNEROVÁ (BIOLOGY CENTRE CAS ČESKÉ BUDĚJOVICE, dete r m i n i ng t he ide nt it y of t he x yle m cel l s (Ca rl sbec ke r & L ee et a l., CZECH REPUBLIC), MARIE ŠIMKOVÁ (BIOLOGY CENTRE CAS 2010, Nat u re 465: 316 -321). T h i s pat te r n i ng mec ha n i sm i nte rsec t s ČESKÉ BUDĚJOVICE, CZECH REPUBLIC), PETRE DOBREV with hormonal signaling to maintain stable xylem patterning (INSTITUTE OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY AS CR PRAGUE, ( Mü l le r et a l., 2016, Pla nt Physiolog y 170: 956 -970). Howeve r, t he CZECH REPUBLIC), JIŘÍ ŠANTRŮČEK (UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH e ffec t of abiot ic st ress on root va sc u la r developme nt ha s not bee n BOHEMIA IN ČESKÉ BUDĚJOVICE AND BIOLOGY CENTRE CAS e x te n sively st ud ied . To approac h t he pote nt ia l i n flue nce of abiot ic ČESKÉ BUDĚJOVICE, CZECH REPUBLIC) st ress on va sc u la r developme nt we have c hose n to add ress t he role of abscisic acid (ABA) and ABA-mediated abiotic stress on xylem [email protected] developme nt i n A rabidopsi s t ha l ia na. T he ste reot y pica l va sc u la r organization of the Arabidopsis root facilitates the analysis of Stomata are epidermal pores, crucial for plant survival, as cel l ident it y a nd d i ffe rent iat ion related event s. We fi nd t hat A BA they balance gas exchange and transpiration, affecting biosy nt hesi s a nd core A BA sig na l i ng component s pa r t ic ipate to photosynthetic rate. Hence, not only stomatal opening but also control both these processes. We demonstrate that the effect of stomatal development is tightly regulated through internal A BA on x yle m developme nt i s non- cel l autonomou s a nd e x plore a nd e x te r na l fac tors t hat a re i nteg rated by a comple x sig na l l i ng the relation to the vascular patterning process mediated by network. Light represents an important external factor that e ndode r ma l ly de r ived m ic ro R NA s, m i R165/16 6. We d i sc u ss t he st rong ly promotes stomata for mat ion . Stomata l developme nt i s possibi l it y t hat A BA’s i n fluence on va sc u la r development maybe a u nde r t he cont rol of a n i nt r i n sic prog ra m med iated by a sec retor y means to adapt to abiotic stresses such as drought, and present our peptide gene family, EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTORs at te mpt s to test t h i s hy pot hesi s. (EPFs), including positively acting STOMAGEN (EPFL9). In our recently published work we linked this phenomenon with higher expression level of this and some other related genes. According literature, auxin is a negative regulator of stomatal development in dark-grown seedlings (through MONOPTEROS repression of STOMAGEN expression in mesophyll cells). Abscisic acid (ABA), known to induce stomatal closure, acts to promote maximal leaf growth but the suboptimal water supply alters the role of ABA to a direct growth inhibitor. Endogenous auxin and ABA levels in the leaves of different age g row n u nde r low a nd h ig h l ig ht i nten sit y we re matc hed w it h expression levels of selected genes. How these signals are integrated to optimize stomatal development and plant growth under certain ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 50

allocation of resources towards the stem goes at the expense of PC6.13 ZEITLUPE INTERACTS yield. Shade tolerant plants that grow in forest understories cannot WITH OPEN STOMATA 1 AND REVEALS outgrow the trees around them and consequently suppress shade avoidance. The aim of this work is to understand which molecular A CLOCK-REGULATED STOMATAL and physiological mechanisms shade tolerant plants have evolved APERTURE CONTROL to suppress shade avoidance. A comparative study system of two Ge ra n iu m spec ies w it h opposite st rateg ies i s u sed : G . py re na ic u m TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION (shade avoider) and G. robertianum (shade tolerant forest understory spec ies). T h i s work i s foc u sed on st udy i ng t he f u nc t ion of ca nd idate genes identified through an RNAseq transcriptome study on these MANUELA JURCA (UMEÅ UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), ANASTASIA t wo cont ra st i ng Ge ra n iu m spec ies i n orde r to fi nd reg u lators of t hei r MATROSOVA (SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL a nt it het ica l l ig ht respon se st rateg ies. SCIENCES, SWEDEN), MIKAEL JOHANSSON (BIELEFELD UNIVERSITY, GERMANY), CRISTIAN IBÁÑEZ (LA SERENA UNIVERSITY, CHILE), IWANKA KOZAREWA (UMEÅ UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), JOHAN SJÖLANDER (UMEÅ UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), LASZLO BAKÓ (UMEÅ UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), ALEX A R PC6.15 INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF WEBB (CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), CHLOROPLAST GAPDH IN DETERMINING MARIA ISRAELSSON-NORDSTRÖM (SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF REGULATION CALVIN CYCLE IN DROUGHT AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, SWEDEN), MARIA E ERIKSSON (UMEÅ UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN) AND NON-DROUGHT CONDITIONS

[email protected] TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION OPE N STOM ATA 1 (OST1) i s a ne x u s i n stomata l ape r t u re cont rol, standing as a merging point in ABA, carbon dioxide and stress MOHAMMED ALQURASHI (UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX, UNITED sig na l i ng. We show t hat t he photoreceptor a nd c loc k compone nt KINGDOM), CHRISTINE A RAINES (UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX, ZEITLUPE (ZTL) regulates stomatal movements since ztl muta nt UNITED KINGDOM), ULRIKE BECHTOLD (UNIVERSITY OF pla nt s show st rong A BA i n se n sit iv it y, w it h more ope ned stomata ESSEX, UNITED KINGDOM) than wild-type, similar to mutant ost1-3 plants. On a biochemical [email protected] level we confirm a physical interaction between ZTL and OST1 proteins, thus establishing a link between light perception, ABA Ma n ipu lat ion of photosy nt het ic processes offe rs a n oppor t u n it y to signaling and stress responses. This work expands on current i nc rea se food produc t ion . Cu r re nt a nd prev iou s st ud ies have show n knowledge of ABA signaling pathways and suggests an important ma n ipu lat ion of photosy nt hesi s ha s t he potent ia l to i nc rea se c rop point of regulation of diurnal circadian-regulated stomatal y ield. Gene reg ulator y network inference from time ser ies gene move me nt s wh i le a l low i ng adju st me nt s to a st ressf u l e nv i ron me nt . expression data identified key genes involved in regulation of A lso, t he posit ive reg u lat ion by Z T L on stomata l c losi ng respon ses photosy nt het ic ca rbon a ssi m i lat ion u nde r d roug ht st ress. T h ree are conserved between Arabidopsis and Populus. T hu s, t he OST1 highly connected genes were identified as being important in i nte rac t ion w it h Z T L may offe r a molec u la r model whe re t he c loc k i n flue nc i ng d roug ht-i nduced t ra n sc r ipt iona l respon ses of t he ge nes reg u lates wate r u se a nd st ress respon ses a nd i mpor ta nt for bioma ss that encode for enzymes of the Calvin cycle. These genes are: the production of trees. drought inducible transcription factor RAP2.12 (a member of the ethylene response factor family), the Calvin cycle gene GAPA-2, a nd a putat ive t ra n sc r ipt ion fac tor. T he model out put suggest s t hat increase in GAPA-2 gene expression and a decrease in the levels of PC6.14 NOVEL REGULATORS OF RAP2.12 may have a positive effect in the expression of Calvin cycle LIGHT-DRIVEN SHOOT ARCHITECTURE: genes u nde r d roug ht cond it ion s. T he ma i n goa l of t h i s projec t i s to A COMPARATIVE APPROACH produce pla nt s w it h sig n i fica nt ly i mproved bioma ss produc t ion a nd photosy nt het ic pe r for ma nce u nde r d roug ht st ress, by cont rol l i ng the expression of multiple genes that are critical in the regulation TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION of t he Ca lv i n c yc le. We produced l i nes, wh ic h ove r e x press G A PA- 2 i n a R A P2 .12 k noc kout (rap2 .12), to fi nd out whet he r t hese t wo SARA BUTI (UTRECHT UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS), proteins are playing an important role in the regulation of Calvin CHARLOTTE M M GOMMERS (CRAG CENTRE FOR RESEARCH IN c yc le e n z y mes u nde r d roug ht a nd non- d roug ht cond it ion . Up to AGRICULTURAL GENOMICS, SPAIN), LAURENTIUS A C J date, molecular analyses were conducted and identified double VOESENEK (UTRECHT UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS), RONALD homozygous mutants in two independent rap2.12 mutants PIERIK (UTRECHT UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS) conta i n i ng a G A PA-2 ove r- e x pression con st r uc t. G row t h a na lysi s, and drought experiment underway. Gene expression levels for [email protected] drought and non-drought plants will be evaluated by qPCR. Pla nt s g row i ng at h ig h de n sit ies ca n adopt t wo d i ffe re nt st rateg ies to deal with shade caused by neighbours: escape growth (shade avoida nce respon se) or bei ng qu iesce nt (shade tole ra nce respon se). The Shade Avoidance Syndrome (SAS) is initiated in response to far-red light reflected by neighbours, and allows plants to escape f rom t he shade t h rough a n upwa rd or ientat ion of t he leaves a nd accelerated elongation of hypocotyls, internodes and petioles. SA S occ u rs i n most c rop spec ies t hat a re g row n at h ig h de n sit y i n monocultures. However, it is a wasteful investment because the ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 51

PC6.30 TEMPERATURE SENSING PC6.32 HORMONAL INTERACTIONS AND SIGNALLING IN ARABIDOPSIS IN ROOT RESPONSES TO MECHANICAL METABOLISM IMPEDANCE

TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION

HELENA A HERRMANN (THE UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER, AMY G R JACOBSEN (DURHAM UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), UNITED KINGDOM), GILES JOHNSON (THE UNIVERSITY OF JEN F TOPPING (DURHAM UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), MANCHESTER, UNITED KINGDOM), JEAN-MARC SCHWARTZ KEITH LINDSEY (DURHAM UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM) (THE UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER, UNITED KINGDOM) [email protected] [email protected] T he pla nt root encou nters a nu mber of d iverse abiot ic a nd biot ic T he a l locat ion of t ra n sie nt ca rbon a ssi m i lates suc h a s suga rs, sta rc h , env i ron menta l st resses i n t he soi l, suc h a s mec ha n ica l i mpeda nce, malate and fumarate shifts in Arabidopsis thaliana as the plant is drought, temperature, nutrients and pathogens. Plant roots subjec ted to d i ffe re nt st resses. Usi ng bot h model l i ng a nd wet lab must be able to respond to such stress appropriately and do so tec h n iques we e x plore how t he t ig ht ly reg u lated i nte r play of ca rbon through changes to growth and development. Such changes a ssi m i lates prov ides t he cond it ion s necessa r y for photosy nt het ic involve effects on the behaviour of the stem cell population in accl i mat ion. We a i m to u ndersta nd bot h t he metabol ic cha nges the meristem, the activity of the meristem, the extent of cell which signal an acclimation response as well as the different e x pa n sion i n t he elongat ion zone, a nd t he f requenc y of i n it iat ion metabolic states required for acclimation. We have identified and extent of elongation of lateral roots. These developmental c y tosol ic f u ma rate acc u mu lat ion a s a necessa r y requ i re me nt for c ha nges a re med iated by i nte rac t ion s bet ween seve ra l c la sses of acc l i mat ion to bot h cold a nd wa r m te mpe rat u res. hor mones t hat for m a comple x net work w it h key reg u lator y ge nes. Plants often encounter barriers to their growth in soils. For example, in drying soil strength increases with decreasing water content. Mechanical impedance has previously been shown to PC6.31 ARABIDOPSIS GROWTH AND reduce root elongation and may have a negative impact on crop DEVELOPMENT: THE ROLE OF HEAT SHOCK yields. It is therefore impor tant to understand how root grow th a nd development i s reg u lated i n respon se to encou nte r i ng a ba r r ie r. FACTOR A1b (HSFA1b) The work described here aims to investigate how plant roots sense and respond to barriers to their growth and the molecular signalling TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION pat hways i nvolved i n cont rol l i ng t h i s respon se.

IRABONOSI OBOMIGHIE (UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX, UNITED KINGDOM) PC6.33 MOLECULAR BREEDING [email protected] OF SALT TOLERANT WHEAT Heat Shock Factors (HSFs) are central to the transcriptional regulation of the heat stress response in Arabidopsis. O f t he 21 H SFs TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION found in Arabidopsis, the clade A1 family of HSF (HSFA1a/A1b/ A1d/A1e) are implicated in the control of HSP gene expression and JOHANNA V LETHIN (GÖTEBORG UNIVERSITY BIOLOGICAL regulation during stress defence but they have an additional role in AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, SWEDEN), SHARHIAR SHAKIL t he reg u lat ion of developme nt-a ssoc iated ge ne e x pression , wh ic h (DEPARTMENT OF PURE AND APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY, LUND is much less understood. In order to determine the role of one of its UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), OLOF OLSSON (DEPARTMENT OF PURE members (HSFA1b) in growth and development, transcriptomic AND APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY, LUND UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), changes of HSFA1b overexpressing plants (35S:HSFA1bOx) compared HENRIK ARONSSON (GÖTEBORG UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF to w i ld t y pe pla nt s ide nt i fied a nu mbe r of ge nes w it h developme nta l BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, SWEDEN) roles. In agreement with the gene expression data, 35S:HSFA1bOx plants flower early with an increase in seed yield despite a reduced [email protected] rosette area. Further analysis of the transcriptomics data revealed 2 A RGONAU T E genes (AGO1 a nd AGO2) i nvolved i n bot h pla nt Over the last few decades, there has been a significant increase development a nd resi sta nce to pat hogen s. AGO1 a nd 2 i s d i rec t ly i n i r r igated la nd. T h is has led to t hat a rou nd 20 0 0 ha of i r r igated a nd i nd i rec t ly reg u lated by H SFA1b respec t ively u nde r heat st ress agricultural land is lost every day due to high salinity levels. with significant altered expression. We decided to investigate T he si ze of h ig h sa l i n it y a rea s ha s been g row i ng f rom 4 5 m i l l ion how much of the 35S:HSFA1bOx phenotype is as a result of ha in the early 1990s to its current volume of 62 million ha[1]. AGO1&2 altered expression. Preliminary results suggest that Globally, 3.1% of the total land mass is affected by salinity, AGO1&2 may not be epistatic to HSFA1b as the developmental with over half of the world’s countries afflicted[2].Presently, phe not y pes a ssoc iated w it h 35S:H SFA1bO x pla nt s wa s obse r ved about one-fifth of the world’s irrigated lands are too salty for in the 35S:HSFA1bOx-ago1/2 double knockout mutants. However, agriculture. Clearly, this negative trend has to be broken. 35S:HSFA1bOx plants have also been shown to positively influence O u r a i m i s to develop wheat ( Tr it ic u m aest iv u m L .) va r iet ies w it h basal resistance to plant pathogens Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis an increased and sufficient salinity tolerance for cultivation on (HPA) and Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato. Experiments are a rea s t hat a re so sa lt conta m i nated t hat t hey ca n no longe r be u sed . bei ng conduc ted to a sce r ta i n t he i nvolvement of AGO1& 2 a s bot h We ide nt i fied a successf u l loca l wheat va r iet y com mon ly g row n have been implicated in the resistance of plant pathogens. in Bangladesh denoted Gom-25, it has a high root biomass and low ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 52

t ra n spi rat ion rate a nd i s t he refore a l ready fa i rly wel l adapted to ca l lu s i nc rea sed sig n i fica nt ly f rom mont h to mont h for 50 to 10 0 to sa lt st ress [ 3]. Howeve r, muc h bet te r va r iet ies a re needed i n orde r 150 m M NaC l,. Howeve r, g row t h wa s sig n i fica nt ly less a f te r 3 mont h s to reuse some parts of the 1 million ha area of salt contaminated fol low i ng t ra n sfe r to eit he r 250 or 350 m M NaC l. Na + acc u mu lat ion i n land in Bangladesh (Figure 1). Starting from Gom-25, we therefore a l l ca l lu s c u lt u res i nc rea sed sig n i fica nt ly a nd wa s propor t ionate to i nc rea sed va r iat ion i n t h i s c u lt iva r i nt roduc i ng E M S ( Et hyl Met ha ne the concentration on NaCl, with the highest amount detected in the Sulphonate) based mutations into the Gom-25 genome. Mutated 350 m M NaC l t reat me nt . Cel l su spe n sion s we re a l so establ i shed i n a wheat lines with an increased salinity tolerance is now selected modified MS medium, used to culture tobacco BY-2 cells, and grown f rom t h i s popu lat ion . continuously with 50, 100, 250 or 350 mM NaCl. Nuclear and cell size i n t hese su spen sion s wa s h ig hest i n t he 50 m M t reat ment compa red w it h bot h t he cont rols, 10 0, 150, 250 a nd 350 m M NaCl t reat ment s. This type of cellular behaviour was also observed in the BY-2 cell line PC6.34 CA2+-DEPENDENT EXTERNAL u nde r t hese st ress t reat me nt s. F low c y tomet r y resu lt s shows t hat ca l lu s wa s establ i shed on 50 m M NaC l. W he n NaC L wa s i nc rea sed , NADPH OXIDATION IS AN ANCIENT most cel l s we re delayed i n S pha se on 150 m M . Notably, 250 or 350 PROCESS COMPARE TO EXTERNAL NADH mM, proliferative diploid cells in G1 were clearly observable OXIDATION IN PLANTS

TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION PC6.39 SIMULTANEOUS DROUGHT MENGSHU HAO (LUND UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), STRESS AND RALSTONIA SOLANACEARUM ALLAN G RASMUSSON (LUND UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN) INFECTION INDUCES DISTINCT AND COMMON TRANSCRIPTOMIC RESPONSE [email protected] IN CHICKPEA In plants, NADH and NADPH are key reductant carriers that maintain redox a nd a nt iox ida nt stat u s, a nd t hat c losely l i n k s to biosy nt hesi s, TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION catabolism, signalling, and biotic and abiotic stress. EF-hand- conta i n i ng t y pe I I NA D( P)H de hyd roge na ses a re located at out side RANJITA SINHA (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PLANT GENOME of the inner mitochondrial membrane in plants. As an example, RESEARCH, INDIA), AARTI GUPTA (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF potato and Arabidopsis thaliana N DB1 a re e x te r na l t y pe I I NA DPH PLANT GENOME RESEARCH, INDIA), MUTHAPPA SENTHIL-KUMAR dehyd rogena ses i n m itoc hond r ia t hat have a h ig h capac it y to ox id i se (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PLANT GENOME RESEARCH, INDIA) cytosolic NADPH and can modulate whole cell NADPH status during abiotic and biotic stress. We used potato and A. thaliana N DB1 as [email protected] model, yea st Sc N DI1 c r ysta l st r uc t u re a s te mplate, to st udy t hese enzymes by combining molecular modelling with evolutionary Pla nt s u nde r field cond it ion of ten e x i st w it h d roug ht a nd pat hogen a na lysi s, foc u si ng on NA D( P)H subst rate spec i fic it y a nd Ca 2+ bi nd i ng. infection and their concurrence in various instances severely T he resu lt s suggest t hat Ca 2+ - depe nde nt e x te r na l NA DPH ox idat ion i mpac ted y ield . We st ud ied t he e ffec t of d roug ht st ress on i nte rac t ion i s a n a nc ie nt process, i nd icat i ng t hat it ha s a f u nda me nta l i mpor ta nce of chickpea with vascular pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum for eu ka r yot ic cel lu la r redox metabol i sm . I n cont ra st, t he e x te r na l (Rs), its net-effect and transcriptomic response of plants towards NADH dehydrogenases in plants are products of a recent expansion, si mu lta neou s st ress. We i mposed R . sola nacea r u m i n fec t ion w it h m i r ror i ng t he e x pa n sion of t he a lte r nat ive ox ida se fa m i ly. varied levels of drought stress on chickpea to evaluate the influence of stress intensities on plant-pathogen interaction. We observed decreased in-planta bacterial number at severe drought stress. Cell death decreased in plants under combined stress compared to only PC6.35 CYTOLOGICAL AND pathogen stress. Chlorophyll content in combined stress was more compared to pathogen only infected plants. Further, we studied BIOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT OF SOMATIC the transcriptomic changes in response to combined stress at short EMBRYOGENESIS AND CELL SUSPENSIONS du rat ion (SD, fa st d roug ht st ress w it h 2 days of R s i n fec t ion) a nd long OF POTATO AFTER LONG-TERM EXPOSURE duration (LD, slow drought stress with 4 days of Rs infection) stress TO SALT STRESS by m ic roa r ray a na lysi s a nd compa red it w it h on ly pat hoge n (SD - pat hogen , L D -pat hoge n) a nd on ly d roug ht st ress (SD - d roug ht, L D - d roug ht). We fou nd t hat 821 (31. 8%) a nd 1039 (31. 5%) d i ffe re nt ia l ly TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION expressed genes (DEGs) were unique to SD-combined stress and LD-combined stress over their individual stresses respectively. ADEL M ELMAGHRABI (BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH CENTER, SD - combi ned st ress showed i nduced e x pression of ge nes i nvolved LIBYA), ELMUNDER A ABOGNIA (BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH in lignin biosynthesis, phytoalexin biosynthesis, abscisic acid, CENTER, LIBYA), GADA A EL-REGIAY (BIOTECHNOLOGY salicylic acid and ethylene signaling and genes involved in defense RESEARCH CENTER, LIBYA) response and thus resulted in decreased bacterial multiplication. Here, we present that drought stress decreases the Rs multiplication [email protected] in chickpea. Concomitantly, lignin deposition and phytoalexin production have increased likely as defense strategy to reduce Somatic embryogenesis occurred from shoot tips of potato after bac te r ia l i n fec t ion u nde r combi ned st ress. 6 months of in vitro culture. Calli that were obtained were then g row n for a not he r five mont h s i n M A NA med iu m ( M S w it h 2 mg / L NA A a nd 0. 5 mg / L BA P) i n a stepw i se protocol compr i si ng 50 -to - 10 0 -to -150 -to - 250 -to - 350 m M NaC l,. T he rate of ca l lu s g row t h wa s determined monthly in all treatments. The mean growth rate of ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 53

dormancy is largely unknown. In many Korean rice cultivars, PC6.41 SEGREGATION OF HOMOZYGOUS t he pr i ma r y seed dor ma nc y i s not ma i nta i ned u nt i l ha r vest, but JAZ9 MUTANTS FROM CRISPR/CAS9- gradually released during the seed ripening stage. The dormancy of immature rice seeds was found to be released by heat stress TRANSFORMED RICE (42ºC). I n t he prese nt st udy, we have i nvest igated t he e ffec t of heat st ress on t he t ra n sc r iptome profi l i ng i n t he embr yos of r ice seed s. TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION Thirty five percent of total 40,309 probes showed at least two fold c ha nges by heat st ress i n seed embr yos at 25 DA H, i nd icat i ng t hat YANG DO CHOI (SEOUL NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, KOREA g loba l t ra n sc r iptoma l c ha nges we re i nduced by heat st ress. It wa s (SOUTH)), SANG YOOL LEE (SEOUL NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, found that 34 % of DEGs by heat stress was overlapped with the KOREA (SOUTH)), GEUPIL JANG (SEOUL NATIONAL genes c ha nged f rom 25 DA H to 6 0 DA H seed s. T he most en r ic hed UNIVERSITY, KOREA (SOUTH)), TAE YOUNG UM (SEOUL GO terms were ‘metabolic process’ in biological process domain NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, KOREA (SOUTH)), SUN HYUN CHANG a nd ‘cata ly t ic act iv it y ’ i n molecu la r f u nct ion doma i n ( P < 0.05). (SEOUL NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, KOREA (SOUTH)), Add it iona l t ra n sc r iptome profi l i ng of 1,712 t ra n sc r ipt ion fac tors JU-KON KIM (SEOUL NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, KOREA (SOUTH)) showed t hat 4 8 3 T Fs we re d i ffe re nt ia l ly e x pressed by heat st ress in 25 DAH seed embryo. It is noted that DREB family members were [email protected] h ig h ly up -reg u lated . Suppor ted by a g ra nt ( PJ0119 4 2032017 ) f rom BG21 program of RDA. The CRISPR/Cas9 technology is useful for genome editing to generate targeted mutants. We have attempted targeted mutagenesis of rice JAZ9 gene to understand its function in stress response. Target region and gRNA spacer sequence were PC6.43 BULK SEGREGANT ANALYSIS designed from CRISPR-PLANT website (http://www.genome. arizona.edu/crispr) to minimize off-target effect. The gRNA (BSA) FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF spacer was recombined into the CRISPR/Cas9 binary vector DROUGHT RESISTANCE IN MAIZE pRG E B31 conta i n i ng r ice U 3 promote r a nd g R NA sca ffold 3. I n t h i s (ZEA MAYS L.) INBRED LINES REVEALED system, Cas9 is expressed under the control of 2x35S promoter. BY SSR MOLECULAR MARKERS E mbr yon ic ca l l i f rom t he mat u re seed s of r ice we re coc u lt ivated with transformed Agrobacterium tumefaciens and hygromycin- resistant transgenic plants were selected. Cas9-mediated A/T TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION addition occurred at -3 nucleotide position from protospacer adjace nt mot i f, whe rea s G add it ion at -5 nuc leot ide posit ion f rom MUHAMMAD QUDRAT ULLAH FAROOQI (KANGWON NATIONAL t he PA M i n t ra n sgen ic r ice. A na lysi s of i nd iv idua l T 0 pla nt s showed UNIVERSITY, KOREA (SOUTH)) coexistence of edited sequences and unedited wild-type sequence, a nd t h i s phenomenon wa s broad ly obse r ved i n most of t he t ra n sgen ic [email protected] plants, suggesting genetic chimerism of T plants. The ratio of 0 I n t h i s st udy, ma i ze i nbred l i nes we re u sed to eva luate t he pe r for ma nce edited sequence to unedited wild-type sequence in the chimeras u nde r d roug ht st ress. Ba sed on ge r m i nat ion abi l it y, t went y fou r was variable among the transgenic lines. Nucleotide sequence lines were screened out with tolerance or susceptible to drought a na lysi s of T pla nt s showed seg regat ion of t hose ed ited seque nces 1 st ress. Ge net ic d ive rsit y, relat ion sh ip a nd popu lat ion st r uc t u re f rom t ra n sgenes i nc lud i ng C R I SPR /Ca s9 genes a nd hyg romyc i n were evaluated by using 100 SSR molecular markers linked with selection marker. These results demonstrate that homozygotic d roug ht tole ra nce i n ma i ze. A tota l 465 a l leles we re ide nt i fied w it h mutant plants could be isolated from chimeric transgenic plants an average of 4.65 alleles per locus using bulk segregant analysis i n T gene rat ion . C ha rac te r i zat ion of t hese muta nt s w i l l prov ide 1 (BSA). Out of them, 199 were specific alleles for tolerant and 35 bet te r c ha nce to u nde rsta nd t he f u nc t ion of JA Z9 i n st ress respon se. were susceptible to drought, while the remaining 231 were shared bet wee n t he t wo t y pes. T he major a l lele f reque nc y va r ied f rom 039 to 0.61 with an average of 0.47. The gene diversity (GD) and polymorphic i n for mat ion content ( PIC) ave rage va lues f rom a l l l i nes we re 0.6 4 PC6.42 TRANSCRIPTOMIC ANALYSIS a nd 0. 59, respec t ively. Ba sed on U PG M A a na lysi s, fou r ma i n c lu ste r OF DORMANCY BREAK OF RICE SEEDS groups were identified as most of the drought tolerant lines were BY HEAT STRESS clearly discriminated from drought susceptible lines with 33% genetic similarity. On population structure analysis, 24 inbred lines of tolerant and susceptible were divided into 3 groups; based POSTER SESSION TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 on probabi l it y me mbe rsh ip t h reshold of 0. 8. I n add it ion to BSA , a total of 88 SSR’s were identified as specific to tolerant and 29 SSR IN SUN YOON (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL markers were specific to susceptible lines. Among these, bnlg1627, SCIENCES, KOREA (SOUTH)), SU YEON KIM (NATIONAL u mc19 46, dupssr30b, bn lg1812 a nd dupssr2 4 SSR ma rke rs had g reat INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, KOREA (SOUTH)), pote nt ia l for t he i mprove me nt of d roug ht resi sta nce i n ma i ze. O u r BEOM GI KIM (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL resu lt s we re i n good ag ree me nt w it h prev iou s st ud ies for d roug ht SCIENCES, KOREA (SOUTH)), TAEK YUN KWON (NATIONAL tole ra nce u si ng SSR molec u la r ma rke r a nd w i l l be u sef u l for f u r t he r INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, KOREA (SOUTH)) maize breeding studies.

[email protected]

Seed dormancy is a highly variable agronomic trait affected by genet ic a nd e nv i ron me nta l fac tors. Te mpe rat u re i s k now n to a ffec t bot h i nduc t ion a nd te r m i nat ion of seed dor ma nc y. Howeve r, t he molecular mechanism underlying the thermal regulation of seed ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 54

PC6.44 HEAT STRESS TOLERANCE PC6.45 DECIPHERING THE TOR LIMIT IN NORWAY SPRUCE SIGNALLING PATHWAY CONTROLLING (PICEA ABIES) SEEDLINGS PLANT GROWTH

TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION

ANE V VOLLSNES (UNIVERSITY OF OSLO, NORWAY), CELINE FORZANI (INRA VERSAILLES, FRANCE), AUD B ERIKSEN (UNIVERSITY OF OSLO, NORWAY) CHRISTIAN MEYER (INRA VERSAILLES, FRANCE)

A.V.VOLLSNES @IBV.UIO.N O [email protected]

Millions of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) seedlings are T he TOR ( Ta rget of R apa myc i n) k i na se sig na l l i ng pat hway, wh ic h planted on clear-cut fields in large parts of Europe every year. The has been identified in all eukaryotes, has emerged as a central solar radiation to such open sites may induce high soil surface hub controlling growth and metabolic pathways in response te mpe rat u res, i mpac t i ng t he ste m te mpe rat u res of t hese seed l i ngs. to nutrient availability. Dysfunction of the TOR kinase leads I n add it ion , spr uce seed l i ng stem s a re e x posed to heat i n some forest to ca nce r a nd metabol ic d i sea ses i n hu ma n s. TOR i s a me mbe r of plant nurseries during application of a protective layer of wax the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-related kinase (PIKK) aga i n st pi ne weev i l feed i ng on t he ste m ba rk i n t he forest . Melted family. In plants the TOR kinase functions in a complex with two wa x wh ic h hold s te mpe rat u res of 70 - 8 0 °C i s appl ied to t he ste m , a nd ot he r protei n s: R A P TOR (reg u lator y-a ssoc iated protei n of mTOR) subsequently cooled with cold water, keeping the seedlings in good and LST8 (lethal with SEC13 protein 8). The Arabidopsis genome vigour. We have found that seedlings exposed to excess heat stress encodes one TOR gene whe rea s R A P TOR a nd L ST8 a re encoded by may not d i splay a ny v i sible sig n s of t h i s for t he fi rst seve n wee k s, 2 genes. A rabidopsi stor muta nt s a r rest g row t h ea rly du r i ng embr yo even though the injury is lethal. Seedlings with dead phloem cells on development. T h is essent ia l role played by TOR i n pla nt g row t h t he lowe r ste m due to heat a re not able to t ra n spor t photosy nt hates ha s sta l led t he dec iphe r i ng of TOR f u nc t ion s i n A rabidopsi s. O n t he to t he root, a lt houg h t ra n spor t of wate r a nd m i ne ra l nut r ient s up other hand,lst8-1andraptormutants are viable and show an overlap to t he shoot may be nor ma l a s long a s t he root i s a l ive. T hu s, i nju red bet ween t hei r phenot y pes. Lst8 -1muta nt s a re hy pe rsen sit ive to long seed l i ngs may see m nor ma l, but eve nt ua l ly d ie whe n t he root ha s days a nd have a reduced g row t h rate. T h i slst8 -1phenot y pe prov ided exhausted its resources. Growing seedlings for eight weeks or more the basis for anlst8-1suppressor screen.Lst8-1revertants were to identify lethal heat injuries is not a viable method for evaluating a i solated by sc ree n i ng a popu lat ion of E M S (et hyl met ha nesu l fonate) cooling procedure after wax application or for evaluating survival mutagen i zed M 2 seed s d i rec t ly i n long- day g reen hou se cond it ion s. rates of seed l i ngs on a hot forest site. We w i l l prese nt resu lt s f rom T he fa stest g row i ng M 2 muta nt pla nt s we re selec ted . Si x putat ive experiments aimed at identifying less time-consuming measures lst 8 suppressors were so far isolated and sequenced by NGS (next of su r v iva l rates a f te r heat e x posu re on spr uce seed l i ng ste m s. generation sequencing) technologies. Further characterization of t he i solated l st 8 suppressors w i l l be prese nted . T h i s approac h shou ld lead to the identification of new molecular components of the plant TOR signalling pathway. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 55

PC7 PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESPONSE TO A CHANGING ENVIRONMENT - TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION ORGANISED BY: CORNELIA SPETEA WIKLUND (UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN), PETER NIXON (IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON, UK) AND WOLFGANG SCHRÖDER (UMEÅ UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN)

SESSION SPONSORED BY: INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH AND GOTHENBURG CENTRE FOR ADVANCED STUDIES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (GoCAS)

P C 7.1 MAINTENANCE OF THE P C 7.2 SYSTEMS BIOLOGY OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS LEAF ONTOGENESIS IN TOBACCO IN CHANGING ENVIRONMENTS WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 09:40 WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 09:00 MARK AUREL SCHÖTTLER (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE OF EVA-MARI ARO (UNIVERSITY OF TURKU, FINLAND), MOLECULAR PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, GERMANY), KAROLINA SARI JÄRVI (UNIVERSITY OF TURKU, FINLAND), BELKIUS (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR PLANT MARJAANA RANTALA (UNIVERSITY OF TURKU, FINLAND) PHYSIOLOGY, GERMANY), SABINE KAHLAU (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, GERMANY), [email protected] ELISA SCHULZ (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, GERMANY), EUGENIA MAXIMOVA (MAX PLANCK Linear electron transfer chain of oxygenic photosynthetic INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, GERMANY), organisms is rather similar from cyanobacteria to higher plants. WOLFRAM THIELE (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR O n t he cont ra r y, t he l ig ht ha r vest i ng system s a nd va r iou s reg u lat ion PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, GERMANY), RALPH BOCK (MAX PLANCK mechanisms of excitation energy distribution and electron flow, INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, GERMANY) cr ucia l for ma i ntena nce of t he photosy nt het ic appa rat us u nder varying environmental conditions, show distinct evolution. [email protected] Development of chlorophyll b -containing light harvesting systems We report a comprehensive systems biology approach to follow leaf and complex regulatory networks of energy and electron transfer developme nt a nd c h loropla st bioge nesi s i n tobacco. We dete r m i ned reactions led to the development of distinct lateral heterogeneity c ha nges i n photosy nt het ic pa ra mete rs, c h loropla st st r uc t u re, ge ne of the thylakoid membrane. Light-induced dynamics in lateral expression, and metabolism during the development of the fifth true heterogeneity of higher plant thylakoid membrane allows fluent leaf. The leaf was fully expanded after three weeks of development. photosynthetic electron transfer and equal light harvesting At the same time, its chlorophyll content and the contents of both capac it y a s wel l a s e ffic ient photoprotec t ion of bot h photosystem s photosystems peaked, and then immediately started to decrease. i n respon se to c ha nges i n t he l ig ht env i ron ment. O n t he cont ra r y, In contrast, leaf assimilation and linear electron transport t he flue nc y of elec t ron flow i n c ya nobac te r ia t hyla koid me mbra ne capacity began to decrease even prior to full leaf expansion, and i s la rgely depe nde nt on a broad ra nge of elec t ron va lves t hat have this correlated with decreases in ATP synthase and cytochrome b6 g radua l ly d i sappea red du r i ng evolut ion of pla nt c h loropla st s. A f te r f complex content. After full leaf expansion, only the contents of the a g reat brea k t h roug h i n de mon st rat ion of t he late ra l hete roge neit y light harvesting complexes increased, which resulted in a drastic of t he t hyla koid membra ne i n h ig her pla nt c h loroplast s i n 198 0, increase in grana stacking, as revealed by electron microscopy. our knowledge on light-induced dynamics of such a heterogeneity Besides of the re-modelling of the photosynthetic apparatus has slowly evolved in parallel with the development of isolation and within each chloroplast, entire chloroplasts were degraded with c ha rac te r i zat ion met hod s of t hyla koid subdoma i n s. increasing leaf age. The remaining chloroplasts accumulated h igh a mou nts of sta rch a nd l ipid bod ies, i n l i ne w it h a sh i f t f rom ga lac tol ipid s towa rd s storage l ipid s. O n t he level of ge ne e x pression , within one week of leaf development, expression of the chloroplast transcription and translation machinery peaked, followed by genes for chlorophyll biosynthesis, photosynthetic complex assembly, and structural subunits of the complexes, which reached their e x pression ma x i mu m a rou nd day t welve. D u r i ng senescence, ma i n ly protea ses reac hed t hei r e x pression ma x i mu m . W h i le t ra n sc r ipt ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 56

levels of genes encoding photosystem subunits were strongly housekeeping role in chlorophyll synthesis/recycling. This protein cor related a mong eac h ot he r, ge ne e x pression level s a nd t he ac t ua l forms a pigment-protein complex with chlorophyll-synthase (ChlG) comple x conte nt ra rely cor related , i nd icat i ng a predom i na nt role of a nd , v ia Y idC i n se r ta se, t he C h lG -H l i D comple x con nec t s c h lorophyl l post-transcriptional regulation during leaf development. biosy nt hesi s w it h protei n t ra n slat ion . Moreove r, t he H l i D promotes docking of the putative alcohol dehydrogenase Ycf39 to the ChlG complex. Under stress conditions the accumulated HliC binds t ig ht ly to H l i D a nd , i nte rest i ng ly, t he for med H l iC-H l i D pa i rs have P C 7.3 VESICLES ARE PERSISTENT rather opposite effect than the HliD. They monomerize ChlG and FEATURES OF DIFFERENT PLASTIDS prevent Yc f 39 to a ssoc iate w it h C h lG but t hey a re a lso requ ited for t he at tac h ment of C h lG to a n en ig mat ic for m of monome r ic photosystem I. The re-organization of ChlG complex appears to be particularly WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 09:55 important during cold stress because Synechocystis strain lacking H l iC i s not v iable at 17°C ; most l i kely due to completely i n h ibited HENRIK ARONSSON (INSTITUTION OF BIOLOGICAL AND chlorophyll biosynthesis. ENVIRONEMENTAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN), EMELIE LINDQUIST (INSTITUTION OF BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN), KATALIN SOLYMOSI (DEPARTMENT OF PLANT P C 7.1 1 REPAIR AND THE EVOLUTION ANATOMY UNIVERSITY OF EÖTVÖS, HUNGARY) OF PHOTOSYSTEM II

[email protected] WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 11:30

Peripheral vesicles in plastids have been observed repeatedly, SHENGXI SHAO (IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON, UNITED primarily in proplastids and developing chloroplasts, in which KINGDOM), JIANFENG YU (IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON, t hey a re suggested to f u nc t ion i n t hyla koid biogenesi s. P rev iou s UNITED KINGDOM), JANA KNOPPOVÁ (INSTITUTE OF observations of vesicles in mature chloroplasts have mainly MICROBIOLOGY ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, CZECH REPUBLIC), concerned low temperature pre-treated plants occasionally TANAI CARDONA (IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON, UNITED treated with inhibitors blocking vesicle fusion. Here we show that KINGDOM), JOSEF KOMENDA (INSTITUTE OF MICROBIOLOGY such vesicle like structures occur not only in chloroplasts and ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, CZECH REPUBLIC), PETER J NIXON proplastids but also in etio-, etio-chloro-, leuco-, chromo- and even (IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON, UNITED KINGDOM) transforming desiccoplasts without any specific pre-treatment. Obse r vat ion s a re made bot h i n C 3 a nd C4 spec ies, i n d i ffe rent cel l [email protected] types (meristematic, epidermis, mesophyll, bundle sheath and sec retor y cel l s) a nd d i ffe re nt orga n s (root s, ste m s, leaves, flora l pa rts Despite t he l i m ited con se r vat ion i n pr i ma r y st r uc t u re, t he c lose a nd f r u it s). Unt i l recent ly not muc h foc u s ha s been g iven to t he idea si m i la r it y i n te r t ia r y st r uc t u res of t he PSI a nd PSI I reac t ion cent res that vesicle transport in chloroplasts could be mediated by proteins, suggests that they have evolved from a common ancestor. In the but recent data suggest that the vesicle system of chloroplasts has ca se of PSI, t he Psa A a nd Psa B reac t ion cent re subu n it s eac h con si st si m i la r it ies w it h t he c y tosol ic COPI I syste m . A l l c u r re nt data ta ke n of 11 transmembrane helices; while in PSII, the D1 and D2 reaction toget he r suppor t t he idea of a n on-goi ng, ac t ive a nd protei n-med iated ce nt re subu n it s, plu s t he i n ne r a nte n na C P4 3 a nd C P47 subu n it s, vesicle transport not only in chloroplasts but in other plastids as form “5+6” counterparts to PsaA and PsaB. Why nature has selected wel l, obv iou sly occ u r r i ng rega rd less of c he m ica l mod i ficat ion s, separate D1/D2 and CP47/CP43 subunits remains unclear. In this temperature and plastid developmental stage. work, we have constructed a more “PSI-like” PSII reaction centre by f u si ng t he C-te r m i nu s of C P4 3 to t he N-te r m i nu s of D1. We show t hat t he resu lt i ng C P4 3 -D1 f u sion protei n i s able to for m ac t ive ox yge n- evolving PSII complexes with electron transfer properties similar P C 7.1 0 REMODELLING OF A to normal wild type PSII complexes. However, photoautotrophic CYANOBACTERIAL CHLOROPHYLL- growth of the CP43-D1 fusion strain was inhibited at high light SYNTHASE COMPLEX BY HIGH-LIGHT irradiances due to an impaired ability to replace the damaged INDUCIBLE PROTEINS CP43-D1 fusion protein. In a phylogenetic analysis, we showed that FtsH proteases closely related to the repair of PSII diverged at a ve r y ea rly stage du r i ng t he evolut ion . O u r resu lt s t he refore prov ide WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 11:00 ev ide nce to suppor t t he idea t hat detac h me nt of C P4 3 i s i mpor ta nt for prompt a nd e ffic ie nt deg radat ion of da maged D1 by Ft sH protea se a nd ROMAN SOBOTKA (INSTITUTE OF MICROBIOLOGY CZECH t hat t he e ffic ie nt repa i r of da maged PSI I i s a n i mpor ta nt con st ra int ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, CZECH REPUBLIC) i n t he evolut ion of PSI I.

[email protected] Cyanobacteria contain a family of one-helix high-light-inducible proteins (Hlips), which are widely accepted as ancestors of plant l ight ha r vest i ng a nten nae. H l ips a re k now n to bi nd ch lorophyl l a nd ca rote noid s a nd to play a n esse nt ia l role i n t he photoprotec t ion ; however t he mecha n ism is not ex pla i ned. The cya nobacter iu m Synechocystis 6803 contains four small Hlips (HliA-D) and the expression of all of them is stress-induced. Nonetheless, the HliD seems to be constantly present in cells to play probably a ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 57

a va r iet y of muta nt C U RT1 A protei n si nc u r t1muta nt a nd w i ld-t y pe P C 7.1 2 MOLECULAR SWITCHES IN THE genet ic backg rou nds. We a re usi ng va r ious ra nge of tech n iques THYLAKOID MEMBRANE from molecular cell biology to protein biochemistry to unravel the role of the CURT1 domains in shaping the thylakoid ultrastructure.

WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 13:50

ROBERTA CROCE (VU UNIVERSITY AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) P C 7.1 4 ION FLUXES WITH ROLE [email protected] IN REGULATION OF PMF AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS Photosy nt het ic orga n i sm s evolved a nat u ra l capac it y to modu late photosynthetic activity in response to varying light and other environmental conditions. In low light they need to harvest WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 14:45 every available photon to sustain life, while in high light they dissipate the energy absorbed in excess to avoid photodamage. ANDREI HERDEAN (UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN), Light-Harvesting Complexes (LHCs) are pigment-protein systems HUGUES NZIENGUI (UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN), responsible for photon absorption and transfer of the excitation OTILIA CHEREGI (UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN), energy to the reaction center, where charge separation occurs. It CORNELIA SPETEA WIKLUND (UNIVERSITY OF i s gene ra l ly bel ieved t hat L HCs ca n c ha nge t hei r f u nc t ion f rom a GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN) l ig ht ha r vest i ng to a photoprotec t ive mode by sw itc h i ng bet ween different conformations. However, the underlying molecular picture [email protected] ha s not been eluc idated yet. A se r ies of e x pe r i ment s i n wh ic h we st udy t he molec u la r mec ha n i sm s of que nc h i ng i n L HCs a nd t hei r Introduction: I n nat u ra l habitat s, pla nt s f reque nt ly e x pe r ie nce putat ive t r igge rs w i l l be d i sc u ssed . rapid changes in the intensity of sunlight. In response to these changes, plants adjust photosynthetic light utilization in electron transport and photoprotective mechanisms. This involves a proton motive force (pmf) across the thylakoid P C 7.1 3 FUNCTIONAL membrane, which is affected by ion fluxes +(H , K+ , Cl- , Mg2+). CHARACTERIZATION OF CURT1A- T he ident it y of t he genes i nvolved i n K+ a nd Cl - flu xes have been unraveled in Arabidopsis (TPK3, KEA3, CLCe and VCCN1) as A MAJOR PLAYER IN THYLAKOID well as their effects on regulation of pmf and photosynthesis. MEMBRANE PLASTICITY Methods: T he c u r rent k nowledge i s ba sed on c ha rac te r i zat ion of single knockout mutants of the studied genes in Arabidopsis, which often do not display strong phenotypic differences from wild type. WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 14:30 To investigate possible functional relationships between K+ a nd Cl- fluxes, we isolated homozygous double and triple mutant lines ANURAG SHARMA (UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN, DENMARK), f rom si ng le A rabidopsi s muta nt s of K E A 3, C LCe a nd VCC N1 ge nes. OMAR SANDOVAL-IBÁÑEZ (UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN, Results: Phenotypic kinetic analyses reveal an DENMARK), MATHIAS LABS (LUDWIG-MAXIMILIANS- interdependent action of the encoded proteins in regulation UNIVERSITÄT, GERMANY), DARIO LEISTER (LUDWIG- of photosynthesis upon transition from dark to light MAXIMILIANS-UNIVERSITÄT, GERMANY), MATHIAS PRIBIL (VCCN1), during changes in light intensity (VCCN1, (UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN, DENMARK) KEA3), and upon transition from light to dark (CLCe). Conclusions: O u r fi nd i ngs cont r ibute to u ndersta nd i ng t he [email protected] thylakoid network of ion fluxes and how they help plants to adjust photosynthesis in variable light environments. The thylakoid membrane system of the chloroplast consists of g ra na, c yl i nd r ica l d i scs of membra ne stac ked ove r eac h ot he r, a nd stroma lamellae, unstacked membranes that interconnect the g ra na stac k s. T he for mat ion of t he t h ree - d i me n siona l net work of t hyla koid membra nes i nvolves forces t hat med iate t he stac k i ng a nd bi f u rcat ion of me mbra nes, a s wel l a s mec ha n i sm s t hat promote be nd i ng of t he me mbra nes at t he ma rg i n s of t he g ra na stac k s. I n Arabidopsis four Curvature thylakoid1 proteins (CURT1 A-D) were ident i fied wh ic h loca l i ze to t he h ig h ly c u r ved reg ion of t he t hyla koid membra ne, t he g ra na ma rg i n s. C U RT1 protei n s for m h ig h molecular weight oligomeric complexes among themselves and ca n fac i l itate membra ne bend i ng i n a dosage dependent ma n ne r. C U RT1 A , t he major i sofor m of t he C U RT1 protei n fa m i ly i s su ffic ie nt to i nduce t hyla koid me mbra ne be nd i ng bot h i n pla nta a nd i n v it ro. Structurally CURT1 proteins consist of two transmembrane domains, allowing the insertion into the thylakoid membrane, and N- and C- terminal domains that are exposed to the chloroplast stroma. However, the specific roles of CURT1A domains have not been explored, therefore, I aim to characterize the roles of the N-, C-te r m i na l a nd t ra n sme mbra ne doma i n s of C U RT1 A w it h respec t to t hyla koid me mbra ne be nd i ng a nd C U RT1 comple x-for mat ion . We have generated stable lines ofArabidopsis thalianaexpressing ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 58

P C 7.1 5 OXIDATIVE REGULATION P C 7.1 6 HOW CAN SPRUCE NEEDLES IN PHOTOSYNTHETIC HOMEOSTATIC BE GREEN IN THE WINTER? MECHANISMS WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 15:45 WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 15:00 STEFAN JANSSON (UPSC DEPT OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY UMEÅ UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN) AVIHAI DANON (WEIZMANN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE, ISRAEL), VIVEKANAND TIWARI (WEIZMANN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE, [email protected] ISRAEL), BAT CHEN WOLF (WEIZMANN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE, ISRAEL) Most conifer species are evergreens, and face the challenge of keeping its photosynthetic tissues during the winter, dealing [email protected] with the combination of low temperature and light. Excited chlorophylls can transfer energy to other molecules, including Homeostasis is a self-regulating process by which organisms oxygen and plants have evolved several control systems that tend to maintain stability while adjusting to small changes allow the photosynthesis machinery to harmlessly dissipate a in conditions that are otherwise optimal for growth. variable fraction of the excitation energy, and during the winter, A role for signaling by low-levels of reactive oxygen species needles of many conifers enters a state of sustained quenching. (ROS) has been implicated by an increasing number of We would like to understand the dissipation mechanism used reports also under growth promoting conditions. Yet, the by evergreen conifers in the winter, and have recently started a mechanistic details of ROS perception, transduction and projec t to st udy t he st r uc t u re a nd f u nc t ion of t he photosy nt het ic regulation in homeostasis are only beginning to unravel. appa rat u s of con i fe rs (i n pa r t ic u la r Nor way spr uce) i n t he w i nte r. Photosynthesis is perhaps the important biology processes in We have u sed fol lowed t he photosy nt het ic prope r t ies of Nor way nat u re conver t i ng su n l ight to chem ica l energ y. I f not reg u lated spruce (and Scots pine) needles over the winter using various properly, photosynthesis side reactions, which produce toxic k i nd s of fluoresce nce st ud ies, to c ha rac te r i ze t he process. We have ROS can turn harmful in a shor t time period. ROS production by sequenced the Norway spruce genome and built genomics and t he photosy nt het ic reac t ion s i s a da i ly phe nome non t hat occ u rs transciptomics tools, and have subjected overwintering needles even u nde r opt i ma l g row t h cond it ion s. We ident i fied a pat hway to t ra n sc r ipt profi l i ng u si ng R NA seq. We have a l so i n it iated st ud ies of low-level oxidative signal, which attenuates AGPase, the first on thylakoid protein complexes (using BN electrophoresis) and committed enzyme of starch synthesis, in homeostatic conditions thylakoid structure (using electron microscopy) to obtain additional (PNAS 2015, 112:12876). Notably, the attenuating oxidative signal i n for mat ion, a nd a re a lso developi ng genome ed it i ng tools to be counterbalanced an independent activating reductive signal, and able to manipulate the protein composition of the needles. The data bot h sig na ls combi ned to adju st a dy na m ic equ i l ibr iu m of AGPa se ge ne rated so fa r w i l l be su m ma r i zed i n t h i s ta l k . ac t iv it y to sma l l but abr upt c ha nges i n l ig ht i nte n sit y. Rece nt ly, we found that the thylakoid protein PGRL1, a photosynthesis regulator, i s a l so modu lated i n v ivoby a n at te nuat i ng homeostat ic ox idat ive signal. Notably, the oxidative attenuation of PGRL1 decreases photosynthetic thermal dissipation and, thus, may increase P C 7.1 7 A NEW PROTOCOL FOR photosynthesis efficiency. While our findings illustrate a beneficial IMPROVED H2 PHOTOPRODUCTION role for homeostatic oxidative signals regulatory mechanisms, YIELDS IN C. REINHARDTII a more t horoug h e x te n sion of t hese st ud ies i s requ i red for ou r gene ra l u nde rsta nd i ng of low ox idat ive sig na l s t ra n sduc t ion . WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 16:15

YAGUT ALLAHVERDIYEVA (UNIVERSITY OF TURKU, FINLAND), SERGEY KOSOUROV (UNIVERSITY OF TURKU, FINLAND)

[email protected]

Some microalgae under microoxic conditions are able to utilize solar energy harnessed by photosynthesis to produce molecular hydrogen

(H2), wh ic h i s con side red a s a c lea n a nd e nv i ron me nta l ly f r ie nd ly

energy carrier. One of the main challenges in H2 photoproduction

by m ic roa lgae i s ox ygen sen sit iv it y of t he en z y mes i nvolved i n H 2 metabolism. Currently, for induction of efficient and sustained

H2 photoproduction in the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii a two-stage protocol is applied. According to this

protocol, H2 production occurs during anaerobiosis induced in t he second stage upon nut r ie nt depr ivat ion of t he cel l s. T he cel l s u nde r nut r ie nt (e.g. S- or Mg-) depr ivat ion sw itc h to a nae robic cel l metabol i sm due to (i) reve rsible dow n-reg u lat ion of photosy nt het ic

O2 evolut ion a nd (i i) st i mu lat ion of respi rat ion . We have developed a new protocol for i mproved H 2 photoproduc t ion y ield s i n C . rei n ha rdt i i c u lt u res, wh ic h does not requ i re seve re st ress cond it ion s. E ffic ient

H2 production in green alga occurs under periodic light conditions ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 59

and could be sustained for at least two days with the maximum rate of about 12 m mol (mg C h l h) -1 du r i ng t he fi rst 8 h . T he protocol, P C 7.1 9 SPECIES- AND STRAIN- thus, can be adapted to the natural light-dark cycle. Moreover, novel approaches permitting higher light-to-hydrogen conversion SPECIFIC STRATEGIES OF MICROALGAL efficiency and efficient H2 photoproduction in heterocystous STRAINS (DESMIDS, GENUS COSMARIUM, N2 -fi x i ng c ya nobac te r ia w i l l be d i sc u ssed . ZYGNEMATOPHYCEAE, STREPTOPHYTA) AS PROTECTION AGAINST EXCESSIVE PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE P C 7.1 8 LIGHT REMODELS THE RADIATION PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS AND CARBON PARTITIONING BETWEEN WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 16:45 ORGANELLES IN NANNOCHLOROPSIS GADITANA LEADING TO SUSTAINED MARIJA STAMENKOVIC (INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH LIPID ACCUMULATION “SINIŠA STANKOVIĆ”, SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO), KAI BISCHOF (MARINE BOTANY FACULTY BIOLOGYCHEMISTRY, GERMANY), DIETER HANELT (BIOZENTRUM KLEIN FLOTTBEK, GERMANY) WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 16:30 [email protected] ALESSANDRO ALBORESI (UNIVERSITÀ DI PADOVA, ITALY), GIORGIO PERIN (UNIVERSITÀ DI PADOVA, ITALY), ANDREA We e xa m i ned t he i n fluence of i r rad ia nce on protec t ion st rateg ies MENEGHESSO (UNIVERSITÀ DI PADOVA, ITALY), ERIC of four microalgal strain belonging to the genus Cosmarium MARÉCHAL (CNRS-CEA-UNIVERSITÉ GRENOBLE ALPES, (Zygnematophyceae, Streptophyta), which were isolated from FRANCE), NICOLA VITULO (UNIVERSITÀ DI PADOVA, various climatic zones and cultured long term (>15 years). The ITALY), GIORGIO VALLE (UNIVERSITÀ DI PADOVA, ITALY), photosynthetic behaviour and composition of photosynthetic GIANFRANCO DIRETTO (ITALIAN NATIONAL AGENCY FOR NEW pigments of the Cosmarium strains were examined under low, TECHNOLOGIES ENERGY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT moderate and photoinhibitory white light by means of PAM CASACCIA RESEARCH, ITALY), GIULIANO GIOVANNI (ITALIAN fluorometry, and high-performance liquid chromatography. NATIONAL AGENCY FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES ENERGY AND Generally, the Cosmarium st ra i n s d i splayed t he photosy nt het ic SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT CASACCIA RESEARCH, ITALY), performance and pigment composition corresponding to that of TOMAS MOROSINOTTO (UNIVERSITÀ DI PADOVA,ITALY) high-light adapted plants and algae. Yet, all the Cosmarium strains demonstrated physiological responses that were consistent with [email protected] t he l ig ht i nte n sit y preva i l i ng at t hei r sou rce locat ion a s conc luded from chlorophyll fluorescence and changes of pigment composition, The seawater oleaginous microalga Nannochloropsis gaditana confirming that these responses are genetically preserved. has the ability to accumulate large amounts of lipids and Addition of inhibitors of chloroplast-encoded protein synthesis it is raising as a model organism for the production of next (chloramphenicol and streptomycin) and violaxanthin de-epoxidase generation biofuels. The study of metabolism regulation is an (dithiothreitol) indicated that the Cosmarium st ra i n s developed essential step toward the optimization of algae productivity. “sun- or shade-plant” protection strategies, in accordance with In order to decipher light-driven changes, we performed a t he c l i mate at t hei r sa mpl i ng sites. St r i k i ng ly, t he t y pica l a rc t ic combined analysis of transcriptome, lipidome and metabolome of taxon, C. crenatum var. boldtianum, displayed the incomplete Nannochloropsis gaditana c u lt u res e x posed for five days to t h ree violaxanthin cycle yielding an accumulation of antheraxanthin d i ffe rent l ig ht i nten sit ies: low ( L L), med iu m ( M L) or h ig h l ig ht ( H L). du r i ng h igh l ight st ress, wh ich is considered as a n adaptat ion to T he g row t h of L L cel l s wa s l i m ited by l ig ht ava i labi l it y wh i le H L occasional high irradiances in the polar zone due to the albedo. algae were impaired because of the toxic effect of the excess light. Antheraxanthin actively participated in the heat dissipation from C lu ste r i ng a na lysi s of R NA-seq data revea led t hat l ig ht i nduced PSII centres in C. crenatum, a s conc luded f rom a sig n i fica nt posit ive significantly the up-regulation of reductive tricarboxylic acid cor relat ion bet wee n non-photoc he m ica l que nc h i ng a nd t he qua nt it y cycle and monosaccharide biosynthetic process and the down- of antheraxanthin. The species- and strain-specific ecophysiological regulation of genes involved in DNA integration, chlorophyll adaptat ion s d i sc u ssed i n t h i s st udy may e nable desm id s to cope w it h and carotenoid biosynthetic process, unsaturated fatty acid e xcessive a nd fluc t uat i ng l ig ht cond it ion s i n t hei r e nv i ron me nt . biosynthetic process and photosynthesis/light harvesting. Cohe re nt ly w it h t ra n sc r iptom ic data, we mea su red a ge ne ra l i zed reduction of Nannochloropsis gaditana photosy nt het ic appa rat u s i n HL and also chloroplast polar lipids were decreased. Moreover, strong i l lu m i nat ion st i mu lated t he biosy nt hesi s of ca rbohyd rates a nd l ipid s but a lso compou nd s a ssoc iated to ox idat ive st ress respon se. T h i s sit uat ion cor related w it h t he i nduc t ion of ge nes cod i ng for a putat ive cytosolic fatty acid synthase of type 1 (FAS1) and polyketide sy nt ha se ( PK S) a nd t he dow n-reg u lat ion of t he c h loropla st fat t y acid synthase of type 2 (FAS2). These results highlight the high flexibility of lipid biosynthesis inNannochloropsis gaditana a nd t he importance of metabolite allocation at the subcellular level. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 60

a nd c h loropla st reg u lat ion of nuc lea r ge ne e x pression a f te r h ig h P C 7.2 0 REGULATION OF PROTON l ig ht st ress. T h i s work shows t hat mod i ficat ion s to reg u lat ion of MOTIVE FORCE BY ALTERNATIVE photosy nt het ic l ig ht reac t ion s, wh ic h may be desig ned to i mprove yield in crop plants, can negatively impact metabolism and ELECTRON TRANSPORT sig na l l i ng, a nd t he reby t h reate n pla nt g row t h a nd st ress tole ra nce.

THURSDAY 6 JULY, 2017 09:00

TOSHIHARU SHIKANAI (KYOTO UNIVERSITY, JAPAN) P C 7.2 2 EVOLUTION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS REGULATION: [email protected] LESSONS FROM THE MOSS I n t he l ig ht reac t ion s of photosy nt hesi s, elec t ron t ra n spor t f rom PHYSCOMITRELLA PATENS water to NADP+ is coupled with proton translocation across the thylakoid membrane. Resulting proton motive force (pmf) THURSDAY 6 JULY, 2017 09:55 cont r ibutes to AT P sy nt hesi s. T h i s l i nea r elec t ron t ra n spor t does not satisfy the ATP/NADPH production ratio required by the Calvin-Benson cycle. Additional ATP synthesis is supplemented CATERINA GEROTTO (DEPT. OF BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR by alternative electron transport including cyclic electron transport PLANT BIOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF TURKU, FINLAND), a rou nd PSI. I n A rabidopsi s, PSI c yc l ic elec t ron t ra n spor t con si st s ALESSANDRO ALBORESI (DEPT. OF BIOLOGY UNIVERSITY of PGR5/PGRL1-dependennt and chloroplast NDH-dependent OF PADOVA, ITALY), ANDREA MENEGHESSO (DEPT. OF pathways. The chloroplast NDH complex mediates ferredoxin- BIOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA, ITALY), MARTINA JOKEL dependent plastoqu i none reduc t ion, l i kely coupled w it h proton (DEPT OF BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR PLANT BIOLOGY translocation through the complex. The NDH complex is associated UNIVERSITY OF TURKU, FINLAND), MARJAANA SUORSA w it h t wo copies of t he PSI supe rcomple x v ia l i n ke r protei n s, L hca 5 (DEPT OF BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR PLANT BIOLOGY a nd L hca6. I n add it ion to proton conce nt rat ion g rad ie nt , me mbra ne UNIVERSITY OF TURKU, FINLAND), EVA-MARI ARO (DEPT OF potential contributes to pmf. I n add it ion to AT P sy nt hesi s, lu me na l BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR PLANT BIOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF acidification also down-regulates electron transport by inducing TURKU, FINLAND), TOMAS MOROSINOTTO (DEPT. OF BIOLOGY t he r ma l d i ssipat ion of absorbed l ig ht e ne rg y f rom PSI I a nd dow n- UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA, ITALY) regulation of electron transport through the Cytochrome b6 f complex. To optimize photosynthesis under fluctuating light, the [email protected] compartments of pmf fac tors need s to be reg u lated by cont rol l i ng Sun light provides energy supporting life of photosynthetic i ron move me nt ac ross t he t hyla koid me mbra ne. organisms but when in excess it can also lead to the formation of harmful reactive oxygen species and cell damage. Natural environments are characterized by highly variable light conditions, therefore the flow of excitation energy and electrons in the P C 7.2 1 THE INTERACTION BETWEEN photosy nt het ic appa rat u s need s to be cont i nuou sly modu lated . PHOTOSYNTHETIC ELECTRON Photosynthetic organisms evolved several photoprotective TRANSPORT AND CHLOROPLAST processes to respond to the dynamics of the environment. ELECTRON CONSUMPTION; PROTECTION I nt r ig u i ng ly, st ud ies on model spec ies f rom c ya nobac te r ia, a lgae a nd flowe r i ng pla nt s showed t hat c ha nges i n t he protei n s i nvolved AND SIGNALLING FOR PLANT HEALTH i n t hose i mpor ta nt protec t ion mec ha n i sm s have ta ke n place du r i ng AND PRODUCTIVITY evolut ion . F lavod i i ron ( F LV ) protei n s a re se m i na l compone nt s of this regulatory machinery in cyanobacteria. FLVs were lost during THURSDAY 6 JULY, 2017 09:40 evolution by flowering plants but are still present in non-vascular plants, as the moss Physcomitrella patens. To ga i n i n sig ht s on t he evolut ion of photosy nt hesi s reg u lator y processes du r i ng t he key PETER J GOLLAN (UNIVERSITY OF TURKU, FINLAND), step of land colonization, we generated P. patens mutants depleted YUGO LIMA-MELO (FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF CEARÁ, BRAZIL), in FLV proteins exploiting P. patens abi l it y to pe r for m homologou s MIKKO TIKKANEN (UNIVERSITY OF TURKU, FINLAND), recombi nat ion i n t he nuc lea r ge nome. flv k noc k- out ( KO) muta nt s EVA-MARI ARO (UNIVERSITY OF TURKU, FINLAND) phenotype demonstrated FLVs function as an electron sink downstream of Photosystem I after any increase in irradiation [email protected] intensity. flv KO plants also showed impaired growth and strong PSI photo -i n h ibit ion whe n e x posed to fluc t uat i ng l ig ht, de mon st rat i ng T he photosy nt het ic l ig ht reac t ion s prov ide ene rg y t hat i s con su med FLV biological role as a safety valve from excess electrons in dynamic and stored in electron sinks, the products of photosynthesis. l ig ht . T he lac k of F LVs wa s pa r t ia l ly compe n sated by a n i nc rea sed A balance between light reactions and electron consumption cyclic electron flow, suggesting that in flowering plants FLVs in the chloroplast is vital for plants, and is protected by several biological role was likely taken by other alternative electron routes. photosynthetic regulation mechanisms. Photosystem I is particularly susceptible to photoinhibition when these factors become u nba la nced , wh ic h ca n occ u r i n low te mpe rat u res or i n h ig h l ig ht . I n t h i s st udy we u sed t he pg r5 A rabidopsi s muta nt t hat lac k s’ pH-dependent regulation of photosynthetic electron transport as a model to st udy t he con sequences of PSI photoi n h ibit ion u nde r h ig h l ig ht . We fou nd t hat PSI da mage seve rely i n h ibit s ca rbon fi xat ion a nd starch accumulation, and attenuates enzymatic oxylipin synthesis ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 61

est i mated f rom c h lorophyl l fluorescence. T he ma i n reac t ion of •- P C 7.2 3 THE ENERGY BUDGET IN C4 PTOX is t he reduct ion of O 2 to H 2O but PTOX generates O 2 i n a PHOTOSYNTHESIS: QUANTITATIVE side reaction in a substrate- and pH-dependent manner. PTOX ac t iv it y i n v ivo wa s i nvest igated u si ng tobacco a nd Sy nec hoc yst i s INSIGHTS FROM AN ANALYTICAL MODEL PCC 6803 overexpressing PTOX. PTOX competed efficiently with

OF CELL-TYPE SPECIFIC LINEAR AND photosy nt het ic elec t ron flow. I n tobacco h ig h CO 2 conce nt rat ion s CYCLIC ELECTRON TRANSPORT inactivated PTOX most likely because of an acidification of the stroma. Immunoblots showed that PTOX detached from the THURSDAY 6 JULY, 2017 10:10 membrane in dark-adapted leaves or in the presence of uncouplers. A model i s proposed i n wh ic h t he me mbra ne a ssoc iat ion of P TOX is controlled by stromal pH. When the stromal pH is neutral, PTOX XINYOU YIN (WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS), e x i st s a s a soluble for m a nd i s e n z y mat ica l ly i nac t ive avoid i ng t he PAUL C STRUIK (WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS) interference of PTOX with linear electron flow. When the stromal [email protected] pH is alkaline and the photosynthetic electron chain is highly reduced u nde r st ress cond it ion s, P TOX bi nd s to t he membra ne, ha s access to it s subst rate a nd ca n se r ve a s sa fet y va lve. The operation of CO2 concentrating mechanism (CCM) in C4 photosy nt hesi s f rom t he coord i nated f u nc t ion i ng of mesophyl l (M) and bundle-sheath (BS) cells requires ATP and probably NADPH. This extra ATP most likely comes from cyclic electron transport around photosystem I (CET) because linear electron P C 7.2 5 CHLOROPLAST THIOREDOXIN t ra n spor t ( L E T ) produces a cor rec t AT P:NA DPH rat io on ly for t he SYSTEMS IN THE REGULATION OF Calvin cycle. As relative metabolic ATP:NADPH requirements LIGHT AND CARBON ASSIMILATION in M and BS cells differ among C 4 subtypes, the subtypes may d i ffe r i n t he e x tent to wh ic h C E T ope rates i n t hese cel ls. We repor t REACTIONS - PROSPECTS FOR an analytical model for calculating cell-type specific NADPH IMPROVING PHOTOSYNTHESIS a nd AT P produc t ion i n C 4 photosy nt hesi s. T h i s model wa s t hen used to quantify the energy balance by matching modelled THURSDAY 6 JULY, 2017 11:25 cel l-t y pe spec i fic NA DPH a nd AT P produc t ion w it h t he metabol ic requ i re me nt s. O u r a na lysi s suppor t s t hat a m i xed deca rbox ylat ion EEVI RINTAMÄKI (UNIVERSITY OF TURKU, FINLAND), is needed to achieve a balanced NADPH and ATP budget in both LAURI NIKKANEN (UNIVERSITY OF TURKU, FINLAND), M a nd BS cel ls. I n a t y pica l NA DP-M E subt y pe, ca 25% of C 4 ac id s a re JOUNI TOIVOLA (UNIVERSITY OF TURKU, FINLAND), conve r ted i nto a spa r tate for t ra n spor t to BS cel l s. I n a t y pica l NA D - MANUEL GUINEA DIAZ (UNIVERSITY OF TURKU, FINLAND) M E subt y pe, ca 25% of C 4 ac id s fol low a seconda r y deca rbox ylat ion by phosphoenolpyruvate-carboxykinase (PEP-CK), in a facultative [email protected] manner. For both the ME subtypes, ca 50% of total electron flux is CET, whereas CET requirement is negligible in the standard PEP- T h ioredox i n s ( T R X s) a re protei n ox idoreduc ta ses t hat cont rol C K subt y pe. A s a con seque nce, photosy nt het ic qua nt u m y ield the structure and function of cellular proteins by cleavage i s t heoret ica l ly h ig he r i n t y pes i nvolv i ng PE P- C K . T hese resu lt s of a disulphide bond between the side chains of two cysteine have i mpl icat ion s for e ng i nee r i ng to br i ng C 4 mec ha n i sm s i nto residues. O x id i zed t h ioredox i n s a re reac t ivated by t h ioredox i n

C3 c rops, a s low i nt r i n sic qua nt u m y ield s of C 4 c rop pla nt s a re t he reductases (TR) and a TR-dependent reduction of TRXs is called a major con st ra i nt to ca nopy produc t iv it y. t h ioredox i n syste m . O f t he t wo pla nt pla st id t h ioredox i n syste m s the ferredoxin-dependent system relays reducing equivalents from photosystem I via ferredoxin and ferredoxin-thioredoxin reduc ta se ( F T R) to c h loropla st protei n s, wh i le NA DPH- depe nde nt P C 7.2 4 BIOCHEMICAL thioredoxin reductase (NTRC) forms a complete thioredoxin syste m i nc lud i ng bot h reduc ta se a nd t h ioredox i n doma i n s i n a CHARACTERIZATION AND single polypeptide. Based on photosynthetic characterization of PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLE OF THE Arabidopsis plants overexpressing or lacking a functional NTRC PLASTID TERMINAL OXIDASE PTOX we have show n t hat N T RC syste m pa r t ic ipates i n reg u lat ion of pr i ma r y photosy nt het ic reac t ion s a nd i s pa r t ic u la rly i mpor ta nt i n t he da rk / l ig ht t ra n sit ion s a nd u nder cond it ion s where l ig ht THURSDAY 6 JULY, 2017 10:55 l i m it s photosy nt hesi s. We have demon st rated a n i mprovement of leaf photosynthetic activity by an elevated chloroplast thiol- ANJA KRIEGER (CEA SACLAY, FRANCE) redox state t h roug h N T RC ove re x pression , espec ia l ly at low l ig ht i nte n sit ies. E levat ion of photosy nt het ic ac t iv it y i s ba sed on (i) [email protected] i nc rea se i n t he qua nt u m y ield of CO 2 fi xat ion , (i i) dec rea se i n t he acceptor site l i m itat ion of PSI u nde r low l ig ht a nd (i i i) reduced t he Protein levels of the plastid terminal oxidase PTOX increase upon need to d i ssipate e x t ra ene rg y v ia non-photoc hem ica l quenc h i ng. abiotic stress. PTOX may protect the photosynthetic apparatus (iv) Increased chloroplast thiol-redox state also promoted the when electron transport is limited. However, overexpression activity of the chloroplast antioxidant system independently of PTOX in Nicotiana tabacum, increased the production of of light conditions. Our results highlight the importance of the reactive oxygen species and exacerbated photoinhibition. reg u lator y mec ha n i sm s of photosy nt hesi s a nd re nde r c h loropla st The active site of PTOX comprises a non-heme diiron centre T R X syste m s a s te mpt i ng ta rget s for f ut u re ge net ic e ng i nee r i ng that catalyses the oxidation of plastoquinol and the reduction projects aiming at enhancement of photosynthesis in crop plants. of O 2 to H 2O. We have pe r for med for t he fi rst t i me a bioc hem ica l characterization of purified PTOX. The activity of PTOX was determined to be much higher than what had been previously ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 62

Statistically significant growing irradiance and thermal time P C 7.2 6 THE TRIPLE-EDGED SWORD e ffec t s, a s wel l a s i nte rac t ion bet wee n t hese t wo fac tors we re fou nd OF THE THYLAKOID PROTON MOTIVE for the gross photosynthesis rate under saturated light condition (Pmax), Vcmax , T PU, J, Q y , a nd R d . No t he r ma l t i me e ffec t wa s fou nd FORCE: ENERGY, PROTOPROTECTION on the proportion of PPFD harvested by Photosystem II, and on AND PHOTODAMAGE t he stomata l conduc ta nce to wate r vapou r. T he model a l lowed a qua nt i ficat ion of dow n reg u lat ion of photosy nt hesi s i n respon se THURSDAY 6 JULY, 2017 13:50 to c ha nge i n g row i ng i r rad ia nce a nd t he r ma l t i me.

DAVID M KRAMER (MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES) P C 7.2 8 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF [email protected] MUTANT PLANTS IMPAIRED IN THE The talk will describe how new enabling technologies (including MAIN REGULATORY MECHANISMS OF www.photosynq.organd the dynamic environmental phenotype PHOTOSYNTHETIC LIGHT REACTIONS - imager (DEPI)) to bridge the gaps between the lab and the field, FROM BIOPHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS and thus allow exploration of photosynthetic processes under real world cond it ion s. T he resu lt s t hu s fa r ide nt i f y i mpor ta nt l i m itat ion s TO MOLECULAR MECHANISMS a nd t radeoffs to photosy nt hesi s i nvolv i ng t he i nte rac t ion s of t he electron transfer reactions with the thylakoid proton motive force THURSDAY 6 JULY, 2017 14:45 (pmf) and its storage in the electric field (Δψ) and ΔpH components. At one e x t reme, ma k i ng t he AT P sy nt ha se too fa st does not i nc rea se MIKKO TIKKANEN (MOLECULAR PLANT BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT photosynthetic rates, but instead inhibits the buildup of ΔpH OF BIOCHEMISTRY UNIVERSITY OF TURKU, FINLAND), t hat nor ma l ly gove r n s l ig ht capt u re a nd elec t ron flow, a l low i ng SANNA RANTALA (MOLECULAR PLANT BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT elec t ron s to acc u mu late on photosyste m I, lead i ng to photoda mage. OF BIOCHEMISTRY UNIVERSITY OF TURKU, FINLAND), At the other extreme, under fluctuating light, excessive ψΔ MICHELE GRIECO (MOLECULAR PLANT BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT destabi l i zes c ha rge sepa rated states i n t he photosy nt het ic reac t ion OF BIOCHEMISTRY UNIVERSITY OF TURKU, FINLAND), 1 centers, leading to recombination and the production of toxic O 2, EVA-MARI ARO (MOLECULAR PLANT BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF a process we ca l l “ Field Recombi nat ion I nduced Photoda mage” BIOCHEMISTRY UNIVERSITY OF TURKU, FINLAND) (FRIP). I will present data from the that these processes represent substantial limitations to photosynthesis under field conditions, [email protected] and likely drove the evolution of a large number of “ancillary C h lorophyl l fluoresce nce e m i ssion by photosyste m I I ( PSI I ) a nd l ig ht reg u lator y compone nt s” of photosy nt hesi s t hat modu late Δψ and absor pt ion by P 70 0 reac t ion cente r c h lorophyl l a of photosystem I ΔpH to fi ne t u ne reg u lator y ba la nce i n respon se to env i ron menta l ( PSI ) prov ide ea sy mea n s to probe t he f u nc t ion of t he photosy nt het ic cond it ion s. Fi na l ly, I w i l l d i sc u ss t he prospec t s a nd caveat s of u si ng mac h i ne r y. T he e xac t relat ion sh ip bet ween t he mea su red opt ica l t h i s ba sic k nowledge a nd new phe not y pi ng tool s to i mprove t he va r iables a nd t he molec u la r processes have, howeve r, re ma i ned breed i ng a nd ma nage me nt of c rops. elu sive. Today, t he ava i labi l it y of muta nt s w it h d i st i nc t molec u la r characterization of photosynthesis regulatory processes should make it possible to gain further insights into this relationship, yet a syste mat ic compa rat ive a na lysi s of suc h reg u lator y muta nt s ha s P C 7.2 7 EFFECT OF GROWTH been m i ssi ng. He re we have systemat ica l ly compa red t he behav ior of IRRADIANCE AND LEAF AGE ON Dual-PAM fluorescence and P700 variables from well-characterized PHOTOSYNTHETIC PARAMETERS photosynthesis regulation mutants. The analysis revealed a very convincing relationship between the given molecular deficiency in t he photosy nt het ic appa rat u s a nd t he or ig i na l fluorescence a nd P 70 0 THURSDAY 6 JULY, 2017 14:30 sig na ls obta i ned by u si ng va r y i ng i nten sit ies of ac t i n ic l ig ht a nd by applying a saturating pulse. Importantly, the specific information MOUALEU NGANGUE DANY PASCAL (LEIBNIZ UNIVERSITÄT on the underlying molecular mechanism, present in these authentic HANNOVER, GERMANY) signals of a given photosynthesis mutant, was largely nullified when using the commonly accepted parameters that are based [email protected] on f u r t he r t reat me nt of t he or ig i na l sig na l s. Unde rsta nd i ng t he unique relationship between the investigated molecular process The photosynthetic acclimation is a complex process of photosynthesis and the measured variable is an absolute evolving changes in different leaf traits that might lead to prerequisite for comprehensive interpretation of fluorescence changes in the leaf gross photosynthetic rate (Pcmax). The and P700 measurements. The data presented here elucidates the acclimation process of Pcmax was found to be dynamical, and relat ion sh ips bet ween t he ma i n reg u lator y mec ha n i sm s cont rol l i ng influenced by current growing conditions such as growing the photosynthetic light reactions and the variables obtained by irradiance as well as the amount of nitrogen available for the fluorescence and P700 measurements. It is discussed how the full leaf. These factors can vary greatly within a crop canopy. potent ia l of opt ica l photosy nt hesi s mea su rement s ca n be ut i l i zed A model combi n i ng t he dy na m ics of t he ma x i mu m ca rbox ylat ion in investigation of a given molecular mechanism. rate (Vcmax), potential maximum electron transport rate (J), mesophyll conductance (gm ), daytime respiration rate (R d ), apparent qua nt u m y ield (Q y ) a nd t he t r iose -phosphate ut i l i zat ion rate i nto (TPU) into the biochemical photosynthetic model to described dy na m ica l ly t he c ha nge i n t he photosy nt het ic capac it y a s resu lt of g row i ng i r rad ia nce a nd t he r ma l t i me wa s developed a nd presented . ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 63

P C 7.2 9 THE ROLE SnRK2 KINASES P C 7.3 0 DEG PROTEASES - IN REGULATION OF PLANT RESPONSE SURVIVAL AT ABIOTIC STRESS TO LONG TERM SALT STRESS THURSDAY 6 JULY, 2017 15:45 THURSDAY 6 JULY, 2017 15:00 CHRISTIANE FUNK (UMEÅ UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), RAIK ANNA KULIK (INSTITUTE OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS WAGNER (UMEÅ UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), OTILIA CHEREGI POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, POLAND), RADOSLAW MAZUR (UMEÅ UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN) (FACULTY OF BIOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW, POLAND), OLGA SZTATELMAN (INSTITUTE OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND [email protected] BIOPHYSICS POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, POLAND), MACIEJ GARSTKA (FACULTY OF BIOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF In natural environment photosynthetic organisms are exposed to WARSAW, POLAND), GRAZYNA DOBROWOLSKA (INSTITUTE t remendou s c ha nges i n l ig ht i nten sit ies a nd tempe rat u res. To cope OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS POLISH ACADEMY OF w it h t h i s st ress t hey conta i n a va r iet y of c hape rones a nd protea ses SCIENCES, POLAND) t hat mon itor prope r fold i ng a nd f u nc t ion of protei n s. Pa r t ic u la rly interesting candidates are enzymes of the multifunctional [email protected] Deg family of ATP-independent serine endopeptidases. The three Deg proteases of the cyanobacterium Synechocystissp. Sa l i n it y a nd wate r de fic it a re a mong t he most com mon ly occ u r r i ng PCC 6803, called HtrA (high temperature requirement A), stress factors for plants all over the globe. Both of them cause HhoA and HhoB (HtrA homologues A and B, respectively), are con side rable d i st u rba nce of photosy nt hesi s, wh ic h i s t he sou rce of i mpor ta nt for su r v iva l u nde r h ig h l ig ht a nd te mpe rat u re st resses. energy for cellular processes and metabolism in plants. Disorders We investigated the function of these three Deg proteases i n photosy nt hesis lead to i m med iate reduct ion of pla nt g row t h, comparing wild type cells with mutants containing single or development and reproduction. Because the mechanisms which multiple deg-deletions. Proteomic and metabolomic studies reg u late photosy nt hesi s u nde r sa l i n it y a re st i l l not f u l ly desc r ibed , revealed hypothetical substrates and unique functions of the the aim of our research was to identify pathways and signaling t h ree Deg protea ses. P rotei n e x pression a s wel l a s protea se ac t iv it y proteins involved in regulation of this process. One of proteins of d i ffe rs bet wee n t he t h ree protea ses w it h H hoA bei ng most ac t ive. our interest were kinases belonging to the SnRK2 family (Sucrose Cel l s lac k i ng a l l t h ree Deg protea ses a re i mpa i red i n t he oute r cel l non-fe r me nt i ng-1 Related K i na ses 2) f rom g roup 1 (not ac t ivated laye rs, wh ic h m ig ht reduce t he protec t ion of t he muta nt cel l s a nd by absc i sic ac id), wh ic h a re k now n a s sig na l i ng protei n s reg u lat i ng e x pla i n t hei r h ig he r se n sit iv it y towa rd l ig ht a nd ox idat ive st ress. plant response to osmotic stress. Our study revealed that two kinases Fu r t he r more, e x pression of putat ive sec reted protei n s i s a ffec ted belong i ng to t h i s g roup, Sn R K 2 .4 a nd Sn R K 2 .10, a re ac t ivated w it h i n in this strain. minutes in leaves of hydroponically grown Arabidopsis thaliana plants in response to treatment with NaCl. In plants treated with salt for few days, we identified several photosynthesis efficiency parameters, photosynthesis-related proteins, and genes regulated in SnRK2’s-dependent manner. The insertion mutants snrk2.4 and snrk2.10 showed reduced d r y ma ss i n compa r i son to w i ld t y pe plants when grown under salt stress conditions. Summing up, we demonstrate a role of ABA-not activated SnRK2s in regulation of photosy nt hesi s, pla nt metabol i sm a nd g row t h e ffic ie nc y u nde r salt stress. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 64

P C 7.3 1 HOW TO DEAL WITH HEAT - P C 7.3 3 DESPITE PHYLOGENETIC PROTECTIVE MECHANISMS OF HEAT EFFECTS, C3-C4 LINEAGES BRIDGE ACCLIMATION IN ARABIDOPSIS THE ECOLOGICAL GAP TO C4 REVEALED THROUGH TRANSCRIPTOME PHOTOSYNTHESIS ANALYSIS THURSDAY 6 JULY, 2017 16:45 THURSDAY 6 JULY, 2017 16:15 MARJORIE R LUNDGREN (UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, GE GAO (KING ABDULLAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE UNITED KINGDOM), PASCAL-ANTOINE CHRISTIN AND TECHNOLOGY, SAUDI ARABIA), YONG WOO (KAUST, (UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, UNITED KINGDOM) SAUDI ARABIA), CHRIS GEHRING (KAUST, SAUDI ARABIA), [email protected] MARK TESTER (KAUST, SAUDI ARABIA)

C4 photosy nt hesi s i s a physiolog ica l i n novat ion i nvolv i ng seve ra l [email protected] a natom ica l a nd bioc hem ica l component s t hat eme rged rec u r rent ly in flowering plants. This complex trait evolved via a series of Heat stress has a profound impact on many cellular functions physiolog ica l i nte r med iates, broad ly te r med “C 3 - C 4”, wh ic h have and metabolic processes in plants, it adversely affects plants’ been w idely st ud ied to u nde rsta nd C 4 or ig i n s. W h i le t h i s resea rc h photosynthesis, impairs the translocation of assimilates, and program focused on biochemistry, physiology, and anatomy, the reduce carbon gain, leading to altered growth and reproduction. ecolog y of t hese i nte r med iates re ma i n s la rgely u ne x plored . He re, On the other hand, plants exhibit heat acclimation, where pre- we use global occurrence data and local habitat descriptions to exposure to increased temperatures ensures higher survival in characterize the niche of multiple C3 - C 4 l i neages, a s wel l a s t hei r otherwise lethal heat stress conditions. To investigate the molecular close C 3 a nd C 4 relat ives. W h i le C 3 -C 4 ta xa tend to occu r i n wa r m processes u nde rly i ng heat acc l i mat ion , we e xa m i ned c ha nges i n c l i mates, t hei r abiot ic n ic hes a re spread a long ot he r d i men sion s, A rabidopsi s t ra n sc r iptome t h roug hout t he acc l i mat ion pe r iod a nd ma k i ng it i mpossible to de fi ne a u n ive rsa l C 3 - C 4 n ic he. Phyloge ny- heat shock treatment. We observed significant up-regulation of based comparisons suggest that, despite shifts associated with genes involved in processes important for heat tolerance, such as photosynthetic types, the precipitation component of the C 3 - C 4 n ic he protei n fold i ng a nd respon se to ox idat ive st ress, a s wel l a s dow n- is particularly lineage specific, being highly correlated with that of regulation of phosphorylation, membrane signaling, and cell c losely related C 3 a nd C 4 ta xa. O u r la rge -sca le a na lyses suggest t hat cycle. Next, we compared the heat shock response of acclimated C3 - C 4 l i neages conve rged towa rd wa r m habitat s, wh ic h may have to the unacclimated plants to identify gene clusters showing fac i l itated t he t ra n sit ion to C 4 photosy nt hesi s, e ffec t ively br idg i ng ‘transcriptional memory’ of heat acclimation. The acclimation the ecological gap between C 3 and C 4 plants. The intermediates enhanced expression of genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, reta i ned some prec ipitat ion a spec t s of t hei r C 3 a ncestor ’s habitat, lipid transport and repressed transcription of photosynthesis a nd l i kely t ra n sm it ted t he m to t hei r C 4 desce nda nt s, cont r ibut i ng and cell death related genes. Finally, we identified a gene module to t he d ive rsit y a mong C 4 l i neages see n today. w it h reduced e x pression du r i ng heat shoc k t hat wa s en r ic hed for genes targeted to the chloroplast. Interestingly, those genes were co-regulated similarly in Arabidopsis, Oryza, and Chlamydomonas. The chloroplast-targeted genes were also negatively correlated with cell death suppressor genes in all of the three species, suggesting they a re pa r t of a t ra n sc r ipt iona l net work t hat ha s re ma i ned con se r ved across various species since radiation of plant species.The gene clusters and transcriptional responses observed in our study will provide a framework for future detailed genetic studies of heat acclimation. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 65

P C 7.4 APPLYING SMALL-ANGLE P C 7.6 ROLE OF PLASTID TERNINAL SCATTERING METHODS TO INVESTIGATE OXIDASE (PTOX) IN HEAT TEMPERATURE THYLAKOID MEMBRANES WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION MARIELA P AGUILERA (UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER, DAINIUS JAKUBAUSKAS (NIELS BOHR INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY UNITED KINGDOM), GILES N JOHNSON (UNIVERSITY OF OF COPENHAGEN, DENMARK), POUL ERIK JENSEN (COPENHAGEN MANCHESTER, UNITED KINGDOM) PLANT SCIENCE CENTER DEPT. OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN, DENMARK), KELL [email protected] MORTENSEN (NIELS BOHR INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN, DENMARK), JACOB KIRKENSGAARD (NIELS BOHR Plastid Terminal Oxidase (PTOX) is a nuclear encoded protein, INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN, DENMARK) located on t he st roma l side of t he t hyla koid . P TOX ha s bee n repor ted to play a role i n some h ig he r pla nt s, ac t i ng a s a n a lte r nat ive elec t ron [email protected] sink, resulting in a protection of the plastoquinone pool from over-reduction in a variety of environmental stress conditions. Small-angle scattering is a non-invasive technique which provides This is due to the ability of this enzyme to transport electrons structural information of the nanometer length scale. Although this from plastoquinol to molecular oxygen, generating water. tec h n ique i s e x te n sively u sed i n st r uc t u ra l biophysics to i nvest igate We are examining the ability Hordeum vulgare (Ca ssata va r iet y), to l ipid-protei n syste m s i n solut ion s, it s appl icat ion i n pla nt me mbra ne adju st to d i ffe rent env i ron menta l cond it ion s, i n pa r t ic u la r a ra nge of biology is extremely limited due to inherent system complexity te mpe rat u res, foc u si ng on t he role of pla st id te r m i na l ox ida se ( P TOX ) a nd lac k of mat he mat ica l appa rat u s. Usi ng sma l l-a ng le scat te r i ng acting as a safety valve for photosy nthesis. Using physiological tec h n iques we i nvest igated pla nt a nd c ya nobac te r ia l spec ies w it h tec h n iques to est i mate photosy nt het ic pa ra mete rs ( ga s e xc ha nge, va r iou s deg rees of t hyla koid stac k i ng a nd membra ne bend i ng. We chlorophyll fluorescence, and absorption spectroscopy), chlorophyll show that scattering data recorded from measurements in vivo content and the amount of protein through western blot technique. cor relate w it h t he t hyla koid me mbra ne stac k i ng - h ig h ly stac ked Measurements of electron transport rate (ETR) of Photosystem membranes yield pronounced and periodic scattering patterns. II (PSII) show sensitivity to the concentration of oxygen in H. Fu r t he r more, we a re able to fol low t hyla koid me mbra ne dy na m ics vulgare, above 20°C, suggesting PTOX activity in response in vivo du r i ng i l lu m i nat ion a nd heat t reat me nt s. By cor relat i ng data to heat stress. This is supported by the reduction in PSII ETR f rom sma l l-a ng le scat te r i ng a nd elec t ron m ic roscopy for t he sa me after infiltrating leaves with Propyl gallate (PTOX inhibitor). sample, our study provides a biologically-relevant mathematical Respon se of P TOX to d i ffe re nt e nv i ron me nta l cond it ion s i s bei ng model of thylakoid ultrastructure explaining all the observed explored using q-PCR and protein expression analysis. scattering peaks. Applying such mathematical models will lay the foundation for using small-angle scattering as a quantitative structural tool for in vivo st ud ies of pla nt me mbra nes.

P C 7.5 PHOTOSYNTHETIC COMPLEX ADJUSTMENTS IN TOBACCO PSI MUTANTS

WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION

SONJA V BERGNER (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, GERMANY), MARK A SCHÖTTLER (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, GERMANY), WOLFRAM THIELE (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, GERMANY), RALPH BOCK (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, GERMANY)

[email protected]

The photosynthetic complexes of the thylakoid membrane are well c ha rac te r i zed i n te r m s of t hei r st r uc t u re a nd prope r t ies. Howeve r, a deeper understanding of how these complexes are dynamically adju sted to opt i m i ze l ig ht ha r vest i ng a nd e xc itat ion ene rg y t ra n sfe r e ffic ie nc y i s st i l l m i ssi ng. I n pa r t ic u la r, t he PSI conte nt s of h igher pla nt s have bee n fou nd to be relat ively stable t h roug hout adju st me nt s in assimilation capacity in response to changes in metabolic state a nd e nv i ron me nta l c ues. We st ud ied t he con seque nces of reduced / subunit-altered PSI on protein supercomplex accumulation and d i sc u ss ou r resu lt s w it h rega rd to redox-reg u lated c ha nges i n t he a nte n na c ross. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 66

P C 7.7 PHYSIOLOGICAL INTEGRATION P C 7.8 INDUCIBLE RNAi REPRESSION AND INDUCIBLE CAM AS POSSIBLE OF GALACTOLIPID BIOSYNTHESIS DROUGHT TOLERANCE MECHANISMS IN TOBACCO REVEALS A STRICT IN THE CLONAL INVASIVE PLANT, COORDINATION OF THYLAKOID MEMBRANE CARPOBROTUS EDULIS (ICE PLANT) CONSTITUENT ACCUMULATION

WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION

PETER T BRAUN (CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY SAN MONIKA SUCHOSZEK (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR BERNARDINO, UNITED STATES), JOHN B SKILLMAN (CALIFORNIA PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, GERMANY), MARTA HOJKA (MAX PLANCK STATE UNIVERSITY SAN BERNARDINO, UNITED STATES) INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, GERMANY), WERONIKA GAJDZIK (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR [email protected] PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, GERMANY), ELISA SCHULZ (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, GERMANY), Outside of its native South Africa, Carpobrotus edulis, a stoloniferous MOHAMED ABD ALLAH SALEM (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE OF succulent plant, is highly invasive in Mediterranean climate MOLECULAR PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, GERMANY), PATRICK ecosystems. Physiological integration of connected C. edulis GIAVALISCO (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR PLANT ra met s a l lows wate r sha r i ng a mong ra met s i n d i ffe re nt hyd rolog ica l PHYSIOLOGY, GERMANY), EUGENIA MAXIMOVA (MAX PLANCK m ic rosites. D roug hted C . edu l i s ca n sw itc h f rom C 3 photosy nt hesi s INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, GERMANY), to crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), presumably improving MARK AUREL SCHÖTTLER (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE OF plant water conservation. We were interested in whether water MOLECULAR PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, GERMANY) savings through inducible CAM, and water sharing through physiological integration, were interactive or independent drought [email protected] tolera nce mecha n isms i n t h is i mpor ta nt i nvasive species. Bot h To examine the impact of galactolipid deficiency on the stolon- con nec ted a nd stolon-seve red pa i red ra met s we re g row n for photosynthetic apparatus in tobacco, we have used an ethanol- fou r wee k s i n pa i red pot s whe rei n one ra met i n eac h pa i r wa s wate red inducible RNAi approach against two key enzymes of galactolipid daily and the other ramet in each pair was continuously droughted. biosynthesis in the chloroplast, MGD1 and DGD1. Using this Watered ramets, whether connected or severed, maintained high approac h , it i s possible to t rac k c ha nges i n l ipid composit ion a nd rates of C3 photosynthesis and shoot growth throughout the photosynthesis at different time points after RNAi induction. study. Shoot growth stopped in the connected-droughted ramets Our studies revealed very similar changes in both MGDG- and but leaf-level physiology in these plants was indistinguishable DGDG-deficient mutants. While no changes of photosynthetic f rom t hat of ra met s i n eit he r of t he reg u la rly wate red t reat ment s. pa ra mete rs a nd on ly m i nor c ha nges i n l ipid content we re obse r ved Severed-droughted ramets showed drought-stress symptoms at in mature leaves of transgenic lines, which had fully established the leaf (e.g. reduced photosynthesis) and whole plant (e.g. growth t hei r photosy nt het ic appa rat u s pr ior to R NA i i nduc t ion , d ra st ic cessation) levels of organization. CAM induction was not observed differences occurred in newly developing leaves after induction. i n a ny t reat me nt . T hese fi nd i ngs i nd icate t hat wate r-sha r i ng v ia Total chlorophyll content per leaf area and the accumulation of all physiological integration operates independent of inducible CAM photosy nt het ic comple xes we re reduced by more t ha n 50 %, relat ive in C. edulis and serves as the primary drought tolerance mechanism to the wild type. Because of the reduced demand for membrane lipids for t h i s i nva sive spec ies. W het he r or not wate r-sav i ng v ia i nduc ible in young leaves, fatty acids were repartitioned into storage lipids, as C A M plays a role i n C . edu l i s d roug ht tole ra nce u nde r more seve re show n by t he acc u mu lat ion of t r iac ylg lyce rols a nd t he appea ra nce conditions remains unknown. of lipid droplets in the cytosol of the mutants. Our data indicate that both investigated galactolipids mainly ser ve as str uctural l ipid s si nce c ha nges i n photosy nt het ic pa ra mete rs we re most ly due to propor t iona l reduc t ion s of a l l photosy nt het ic con st it uent s. I n respon se to rest r ic ted sy nt hesi s of a spec i fic ga lac tol ipid spec ies, thylakoid biogenesis is precisely readjusted to keep the proper stoichiometry and functionality of photosynthetic apparatus. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 67

P C 7.9 ASSESSING DROUGHT TOLERANCE P C 7.3 4 YEAR ROUND BIODIESEL OF SUNFLOWER INBRED LINES BY PSII PRODUCTION IN MICROALGAE ON PHOTOCHEMICAL EFFICIENCY THE SWEDISH WEST COAST

WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION

NURAN ÇIÇEK (HACETTEPE UNIVERSITY, TURKEY), VELI OTILIA CHEREGI (UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN), PEKCAN (TRAKYA AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE, MATS X ANDERSSON (UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN), TURKEY), ÖZLEM ARSLAN (GIRESUN UNIVERSITY, TURKEY), ANNA GODHE (UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN), ŞEKÜRE ÇULHA ERDAL (HACETTEPE UNIVERSITY, TURKEY), CORNELIA SPETEA WIKLUND (UNIVERSITY OF AYŞE SUNA BALKAN NALÇAIYI (HACETTEPE UNIVERSITY, GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN) TURKEY), AYŞE NURAN ÇIL (ÇUKUROVA AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE, TURKEY), VAKAS ŞAHIN (ÇUKUROVA [email protected] AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE, TURKEY), YASEMIN EKMEKÇI (HACETTEPE UNIVERSITY, TURKEY) Biod iesel f rom m ic roa lgae ha s t he pote nt ia l of prov id i ng a v iable and sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. Compared to energy [email protected] crops, which are cultivated seasonally, the microalgal biomass can be obtained all year round, thus representing a stable staple of D roug ht i s a n i mpor ta nt e nv i ron me nta l fac tor for pla nt g row t h a nd f uel. Howeve r, yea r-rou nd produc t ion of m ic roa lga l bioma ss u si ng development which affecting agricultural yield. Therefore, the outdoor c u lt ivat ion ha s bee n ra rely repor ted . I n ou r st udy we a i m ide nt i ficat ion /selec t ion of pla nt spec ies tole ra nt to d roug ht (a r id) to screen and select species and strains of marine microalgae from cond it ion s i s a pr i ma r y requ i site. Su n flowe r ( Hel ia nt hu s a n nuu s L .) existing local collections and compare their growth, photosynthetic i s one of t he most i mpor ta nt oi l pla nt i n t he world . A s wel l a s bei ng activity and lipid production when cultivated in the dynamic a plant tolerant to drought, sunflower genotypes might exhibit environmental conditions representative for the climate seasons d i ffe re nt photoc he m ica l respon ses u nde r a r id cond it ion s. I n t he on t he Swed i sh west coa st . T he ecolog ica l record s of m ic roa lgae study, we purposed to investigate the drought stress effects on bloom s i n d i ffe re nt sea son s i n t he sea a l low u s to hy pot hesi ze t hat fluorescence k i net ics of PSI I i n su n flowe r, sc reen t he genot y pes m ic roa lgae spec ies/st ra i n s i solated f rom t he west coa st have a n and find out potentially underlying mechanisms. Experiment i n he r ited mec ha n i sm of acc l i mat ion to t he loca l env i ron menta l wa s establ i shed i n t he ag r ic u lt u ra l field of Çu k u rova A g r ic u lt u ra l cond it ion s, a nd w i l l be most produc t ive i n bioma ss a nd l ipid s i n t hose Resea rc h I n st it ute i n Ada na. Twe nt y si x i nbred l i nes we re sow n conditions. Seasonal succession of microalgae strains prompts us and harvested in the end of March and August 2016, respectively. to propose a rotation culture strategy: local strains that produce Cont rol pla nt s we re i r r igated reg u la rly, whe rea s st ressed pla nt s l ipid s at low te mpe rat u res i n low l ig ht wou ld be c u lt u red du r i ng t he we re not i r r igated a nd we re lef t to nat u ra l cond it ion s. To eva luate t he cold season, and replaced in the warm season by strains performing drought effects, polyphasic chlorophyll fluorescence measurements bet te r at h ig h te mpe rat u res a nd l ig ht i nte n sit ies. We w i l l desc r ibe we re made at t he t h ree g row t h stages a s R-3 (vegetat ive), R 5 -1 ( head t he concept a nd prese nt prel i m i na r y resu lt s. for mat ion) a nd R- 6 (m i l k y seed) refe r red to m i ld ( R-3), mode rate ( R 5 - 1) and severe (R6) stress levels, respectively. Genotypes were sorted and classified according to drought factor index (DFI) calculated by photosy nt het ic pe r for ma nce i nde x ( PIabs). Ba sed on DF I va lues, as 9444 A X 9947 R and 9444 A X 8129 R might be classified the most drought tolerant, while 7751 A X TT 135 R and 9814 A X 9979 R as the most sensitive. Potential tolerance mechanisms of genotypes have bee n eva luated u si ng photoc he m ica l e ffic ie nc y of PSI I. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 68

PC8 CROP MODELS IMPROVEMENT WITH BIOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE: WHICH, WHY AND HOW? ORGANISED BY: BERTRAND MULLER (INRA, FRANCE) AND PIERRE MARTRE (INRA SUPAGRO, FRANCE)

PC8.1 INTEGRATING AND PC8.2 CANOPY TEMPERATURE ACCOUNTING FOR MULTIPLE MODEL ROBUSTNESS FOR HEAT STRESSES AND EXTREME EVENTS STRESS SIMULATION

TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 13:40 TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 14:20

FRANK EWERT (LEIBNIZ CENTRE FOR AGRICULTURAL HEIDI WEBBER (UNIVERSITY OF BONN, GERMANY), JEFFREY LANDSCAPE RESEARCH (ZALF), GERMANY), HEIDI WEBBER W WHITE (ARS-USDA, UNITED STATES), BRUCE A KIMBALL (UNIVERSITY OF BONN, GERMANY) (ARS-USDA, UNITED STATES), FRANK EWERT (ZALF, GERMANY), SENTHOLD ASSENG (UNVERSITY OF FLORIDA, F R A N K.E W E R T@ Z A L F.D E UNITED STATES), EHSAN EYSHI REZAEI (UNIVERSITY OF BONN, GERMANY), PAUL J PINTER (USDA-ARS, UNITED Rece nt prog ress i n c rop model l i ng ha s resu lted i n t he developme nt STATES), JERRY L HATFIELD (USDA-ARS, UNITED STATES), of models for more crops, regions and different scales. The range MATTHEW P REYNOLDS (CIMMYT, MEXICO), BEHNAM ABABAEI of applications is likewise expanding, including for decision (INRA, FRANCE), MARCO BINDI (UNIVERSITY OF FLORENCE, support, support of breeding and impact assessment studies ITALY), JORDI DOLTRA (CIFA, SPAIN), ROBERTO FERRISE of climate change among others. While an increasing range (UNIVERSITY OF FLORENCE, ITALY), HENNING KAGE of environmental and management factors is considered in (CHRISTIAN-ALBRECHTS-UNIVERSITY, GERMANY), BELAY T modelling of effects of climate change and variability on crops, KASSIE (UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA, UNITED STATES), KURT effects of stresses caused by extreme weather events such as C KERSEBAUM (ZALF, GERMANY), ADAM LUIG (CHRISTIAN- heat a nd d rought have u nt i l recent ly received compa rably l it t le ALBRECHTS-UNIVERSITY, GERMANY), JØRGEN E OLESEN at te nt ion . T he model l i ng of mu lt iple st resses a nd how to prope rly (AARHUS UNIVERSITY, DENMARK), MIKHAIL A SEMENOV integrate these into crop models remains largely unexplored. (ROTHAMSTED RESEARCH, UNITED KINGDOM), PIERRE This paper provides an overview of stresses and extreme STRATONOVITCH (ROTHAMSTED RESEARCH, UNITED KINGDOM), events as they are accounted for in crop models. Emphasis ARNE M RATJEN (CHRISTIAN-ALBRECHTS-UNIVERSITY, is on heat and drought and effects of tropospheric ozone. GERMANY), ROBERT L LAMORTE (USDA-ARS, UNITED STATES), Typical characteristics of multiple stresses on crops are STEVEN W LEAVITT (UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, UNITED also reviewed and results of investigations are presented STATES), DOUGLAS J HUNSAKER (USDA-ARS, UNITED STATES), in which multiple stresses are included into crop models. GERARD W WALL (USDA-ARS, UNITED STATES), PIERRE MARTRE Based on selected examples, progress and challenges in modelling (INRA, FRANCE) multiple stresses are critically discussed. Specific attention is given to challenges related to the required modelling detail and [email protected] model comple x it y, t he relat ive i mpor ta nce of i nte rac t ion s a mong stresses and methods of upscaling stresses for large area impact P rocess-ba sed c rop models a re com mon ly u sed i n c l i mate c ha nge assessments. The paper concludes with suggestions to identify impact assessments, though most use air temperature to estimate gene r ic c ha rac te r i st ics of st resses i nc lud i ng t hei r i nte rac t ion s to i mpac t s of heat st ress, rat he r t ha n c rop ca nopy tempe rat u re ( Tc), simplify modelling and to utilize recent developments in modular ignoring the complex interactions among air temperature, crop and programming to support the modelling of multiple stresses across soi l wate r stat u s, CO 2 concentration and atmospheric conditions. c rops, e nv i ron me nt s a nd reg ion s. A comparison of the Tc simulations of nine crop models was conducted for two experiments: the China Wheat experiment, conducted over two years at five North American locations i nc luded ra i n fed a nd i r r igated t reat me nt s a nd t he FAC E-Ma r icopa e x pe r i me nt , conduc ted ove r fou r yea rs w it h a mbie nt a nd elevated

atmospheric CO2 concent rat ion s, a nd t wo yea rs eac h of n it rogen a nd wate r st ress t reat me nt s. Eac h of t he n i ne model s i mple me nted an empirical (EMP), an energy balance assuming neutral stability (EBN) or an energy balance correcting for atmospheric stability cond it ion s ( E BSC) Tc approac h . T he E BSC model s’ si mu lat ion s had t he h ig hest R 2 a nd lowest R M SE va lues for mea su red vs. si mu lated

differences between Tc and air temperature (ΔT). The portion of va r iat ion i n obse r ved ΔT e x pla i ned by modeled va lues of ΔT, ra nged f rom 34% for t he E BSC model s to 19 % a nd 20 % for t he E BN or E M P ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 69

t y pes, respec t ively i n t he FAC E-Ma r icopa data. A l l model s but one explained a significant portion of variation in observed TΔ , ranging PC8.4 IMPROVING MODELS AND PLANT bet ween 20, 7 a nd 34% for E M P, E BN a nd E BSC model s respec t ively i n PHENOTYPING PIPELINES FOR A SMART the China Wheat experiment. At least one model from each approach AGRICULTURE UNDER ABIOTIC STRESS we able to simulate response to CO2 concent rat ion . T hese resu lt s suggest t hat e ne rg y ba la nce approac hes t hat con side r at mosphe r ic COMBINATION AND ELEVATED CO2 stability conditions should be used. TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 14:50

PC8.3 INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF CARL-OTTO OTTOSEN (DEPARTMENT OF FOOD SCIENCE AARHUS UNIVERSITY, DENMARK), BENITA HYLDGAARD ELEVATED CO 2, DROUGHT AND HIGH (DEPARTMENT OF FOOD SCIENCE AARHUS UNIVERSITY, TEMPERATURE ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS, DENMARK), THAYNA MENDANHA (DEPARTMENT OF FOOD SCIENCE WATER RELATION AND GRAIN YIELD AARHUS UNIVERSITY, DENMARK), STEVEN DRIEVER (CENTRE IN WHEAT FOR CROP SYSTEMS ANALYSIS WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS)

TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 14:35 [email protected]

EVA ROSENQVIST (DEPARTMENT OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENTAL Reliable crop models are of key importance in the innovation SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN, DENMARK), DORTHE and breeding process towards creation of “climate efficient” H LARSEN (DEPARTMENT OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENTAL or tolerant varieties of crops. In the ERANET+ project SCIENCES, DENMARK), XIANGNAN LI (DEPARTMENT OF MODCARBOSTRESS we focus on acclimation of wheat. The PLANT AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, DENMARK), KARINA experimental setup with multiple climatic factors enables N KRISTENSEN (DEPARTMENT OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENTAL us to create knowledge on the interacting effects of stresses SCIENCES, DENMARK), FULAI LIU (DEPARTMENT OF PLANT on photosynthesis and to improve model parameterization. AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, DENMARK) A CO2 x drought x temperature experiment with two wheat cultivars, including swapping of plants between the temperature [email protected] treatments was performed with in depth analysis of A/Ci curves, photosynthetic temperature responses and morphological

Rising atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature analysis to clarify the effects of the interactions of abiotic along with changing precipitation patterns affect crop factors on the acclimation of the photosynthetic apparatus. physiological processes and productivity. The interactions One cultivar, Paragon, showed a shift in temperature between the abiotic factors induce complex responses that optimum, when grown at ambient CO 2 , but not at elevated CO 2. challenge our understanding of the effects on crop performance. The other cultivar Gladius did not show a curve shift. Both Two years experiments were conducted in a glasshouse cultivars showed a small upward shift of the curve in response on the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars ‘Gladius’ and to increased CO2 when grown at 18°C, but not at 28°C. The ‘Paragon’. Drought (25% of pot water holding capacity) and drought treatment resulted in different responses between high temperature (36/30°C day/night temperature) were c u lt iva rs, w it h d i ffe rent e ffec t s of bot h tempe rat u re a nd /or CO 2 . applied during anthesis, alone or in combination, together When combined stresses caused different cultivar responses. with ambient (400 ppm) and elevated (800 ppm) CO2. D roug ht t reat me nt reduced Vc,max whe n combi ned w it h bot h CO 2 D roug ht a nd heat st ress dec rea sed photosy nt hesi s, wh i le elevated and elevated temperature separately and all climate treatments

CO2 alleviated the stresses by maintaining higher leaf water combined, while Jmax wa s reduced equa l ly u nde r combi ned st resses. pote nt ia l a nd relat ive wate r conte nt su sta i n i ng t he photosy nt het ic T hese fi nd i ngs w i l l for m pa r t of a n e x te n sive a na lysi s, to suppor t rate of the flag leaf, though differently between the cultivars and t he models for reg u lat ion of photosy nt hesi s i n wheat u nde r f ut u re stresses. The leaf A BA concentration increased by drought and c l i mates to a ssess combi ned mode rate st resses (tempe rat u re a nd heat, wh i le elevated CO 2 reduced t he d roug ht i nduced i nc rea se i n drought) and elevated CO2. lea f A BA conce nt rat ion i n ‘Glad iu s’. Spi ke weig ht wa s reduced by d rought a nd heat st ress i n bot h cu lt iva rs, whereas elevated CO 2 i nc rea sed t he spi ke weig ht i n ‘Glad iu s’ a lone. T he g ra i n nu mbe r pe r spi ke a nd t hou sa nd-ke r nel weig ht we re lowe red by d roug ht a nd heat . T h i s wa s a l lev iated by elevated CO 2 i n some of t he t reat me nt s. The stress responses i nc lud i ng t he bioma ss a l locat ion pat te r n s i nto g ra i n s a nd t he a l lev iat i ng e ffec t s of elevated CO 2 differed between the wheat cultivars, which has significant implications for modeling of combi ned st resses i n wheat . ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 70

e nv i ron me nt s, w it h a mpl it udes of 5°C or 10 °C . Te mpe rat u re respon se PC8.12 ERRORS AND UNCERTAINTIES ( bet ween 10 °C a nd 38°C) of photosy nt hesi s at sat u rat i ng l ig ht wa s IN CROP MODELS - WHERE BIOLOGICAL monitored over time before and after the transfer of plants to their MECHANISMS COULD HELP? new t he r ma l env i ron ment . O u r resu lt s show t hat photosy nt hesi s optimal temperature changes within a day after the transfer, while it ta kes up to 5 days at i n f ra a nd supra opt i ma l te mpe rat u res. Moreove r, TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 16:00 t he rate of acc l i mat ion depe nd s on g row t h te mpe rat u re. For i n sta nce, photosy nt hesi s acc l i mat ion ta kes longe r (e x pressed i n t he r ma l t i me) PIERRE MARTRE (INRA, FRANCE), BERTRAND MULLER for pla nt s t ra n sfe r red f rom 13°C to 2 3°C t ha n for pla nt s t ra n sfe r red (INRA, FRANCE), ENLI WANG (CISRO, FRANCE), JOHN R f rom 18 °C to 2 8 °C . Fol low i ng t h i s st udy, acc l i mat ion to c ha ng i ng PORTER (MONTPELLIER SUPAGRO, FRANCE), FRANK EWERT temperatures could be modeled according to a ratio and a velocity (ZALF, GERMANY), SENTHOLD ASSENG (UNVERSITY OF depending on the growth temperature and on the amplitude of FLORIDA, UNITED STATES) va r iat ion . T h i s ca n be a n i mpor ta nt step to i mprove photosy nt hesi s model s i n fluc t uat i ng t he r ma l e nv i ron me nt s a nd , t he refore, to reduce [email protected] t he u nce r ta i nt y of c l i mate c ha nge i mpac t a na lyses.

P rocess-ba sed c rop si mu lat ion model s a re popu la r tool s to projec t c l i mate a nd c rop ma nage me nt i mpac t on c rop pe r for ma nce. C rop models are also increasingly used to analyse and predict the PC8.14 SOLVING THE OPTIMUM respon se of genot y pes to t he env i ron ment. Recent ly a nu mbe r of NITROGEN PARTITIONING AMONG mu lt i-model i nte rcompa r i son st ud ies have a na lysed t he e x te nt PHOTOSYNTHETIC COMPOUNDS: of error and uncertainty in simulating crop growth response to e nv i ron me nta l c ha nges. T hese st ud ies pi npoi nt processes for wh ic h TOWARDS MODELLING PLANT model i mprove me nt i s needed . T he u nce r ta i nt y of wheat model s ACCLIMATION TO GROWTH ENVIRONMENT respon se to tempe rat u re wa s related to t hei r tempe rat u re respon se functions for key physiological processes. Temperature response TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 16:45 f u nc t ion s for t hese processes we re de r ived f rom field e x pe r i ment s with a wide range of temperature. The implementation of these new XINYOU YIN (WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS), temperature functions reduced the error for simulating grain yield AD HCM SCHAPENDONK (PHOTOSYNTAX BV, NETHERLANDS), respon se to tempe rat u re by nea rly ha l f on ave rage. Si mu lat ion e r ror STEVEN M DRIEVER (WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS), for grain yield usually correlate poorly with error for other variables, PAUL C STRUIK (WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS) suc h a s lea f a rea i nde x , a nt hesi s date, tota l above g rou nd N ma ss, or wate r u se. It i s t hu s i mpor ta nt to eva luate a nd i mprove model s [email protected] not ju st for y ield but a lso for i nd iv idua l processes. We d i sc u ss how resou rce u se e ffic ie nc y ide nt it ies ca n be u sed to decon st r uc t model The distribution of leaf nitrogen among photosynthetic protein errors and identify processes, the descriptions of which should respond s to e nv i ron me nta l c ha nges, a nd we hy pot hesi se t hat t h i s be i mproved i n models. T h is a na lysis of model er ror st resses t he respon se may u nde rl ie pla nt acc l i mat ion to g row t h e nv i ron me nt . need for detailed experimental data sets with in-season crop and We desc r ibe a n a na ly t ica l met hod to solve opt i mu m lea f n it roge n soil measurements. partitioning for maximised leaf photosynthesis in C3 pla nt spec ies. Photosy nt het ic n it roge n i n leaves i s a ssu med to d i st r ibute a mong pools for chlorophyll-protein complex, electron transport system, PC8.13 SHOULD THERMAL ACCLIMATION Rubisco, and other soluble protein related to the activities of the Calvin cycle enzymes. The model predicts that a high investment OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS BE CONSIDERED of n it roge n i n Rubi sco i s requ i red u nde r t he cond it ion s t hat lead to IN CROP MODELS? an excessive energy supply relative to energy demand by stromal metabolism (e.g. low temperature, high light, low nitrogen supply, TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 16:30 low CO2 ). Conve rsely, more n it rogen i s i nvested i n t he c h lorophyl l complex when energy supply is limiting. At a doubling CO2 concentration, an increased electron transpor t capacity relative MAEVA BAUMONT (INRA MONTPELLIER, FRANCE), BORIS to Rubisco carboxylation velocity is required. An increase of the PARENT (INRA MONTPELLIER, FRANCE), BERTRAND MULLER opt i mu m tempe rat u re for photosy nt hesi s i s pred ic ted not on ly w it h (INRA MONTPELLIER, FRANCE), PIERRE MARTRE (INRA i nc rea si ng tempe rat u re, l ig ht or CO 2 level, but a lso w it h dec rea si ng MONTPELLIER, FRANCE) lea f n it roge n conte nt . Resu lt s of opt i m i sat ion a re qua l itat ively i n l i ne w it h repor ted acc l i mat ion e x pe r i me nt s i n t he l ite rat u re. T he [email protected] model i s a l so pa ra mete r i sed f rom ou r g row t h c ha mbe r e x pe r i me nt s on photosynthetic acclimation in wheat. As the optimum partitioning Te mpe rat u re i s one of t he most i mpor ta nt abiot ic fac tor a ffec t i ng u nde r a ny spec i fic e nv i ron me nta l cond it ion ca n be fa st dete r m i ned , plant development, grow and carbon assimilation. Several the approach can be implemented in plant models simulating plant physiological processes such as photosynthesis acclimate to acclimation and growth under fluctuating environmental conditions. te mpe rat u re, wh ic h may sig n i fica nt ly cont r ibute to t he cont i nuou s success of a n i nd iv idua l u nde r fluc t uat i ng tempe rat u re. Howeve r, most crop models do not consider the change of physiological processes rega rd i ng t he pla nt c l i mat ic h i stor y. He re we a na ly zed t he t i me cou rses of acc l i mat ion of photosy nt hesi s to tempe rat u re for wheat . Pla nt s we re g row n i n g row t h c ha mbe rs w it h day t i me te mpe rat u res ra ng i ng f rom 8 °C to 33°C . Pla nt s we re t ra n sfe r red during the vegetative growth period to cooler or warmer ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 71

T he respon se f u nc t ion for g ra i n y ield w it h [CO 2 ] strongly suggests PC8.15 NEW TOOLS TO ACCOUNT a non-linear response, where the gradual increase in yield saturates at FOR ROOT WATER UPTAKE IN CROP ~ 6 0 0 ppm . T h i s resu lt i s suppor ted by t he meta-a na lysi s, wh ic h does MODELS : SCALING UP FROM 2D CELL not indicate any significant increase in yield stimulation of wheat WATER FLOW TO 4D SOIL-PLANT WATER g row n at [CO 2 ] >6 0 0 ppm compa red to [CO 2 ]. DYNAMICS AND SIMPLIFYING COMPLEX BIOLOGICAL MODELS DOWN TO CROP PC8.17 MODELLING PLANT GROWTH: MODEL-COMPATIBLE SOLUTIONS WHAT ARE THE LIMITATIONS TO CARBON ALLOCATION? WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 09:00

WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 09:55 XAVIER DRAYE (UNIVERSITÉ CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN, BELGIUM), VALENTIN COUVREUR (UNIVERSITÉ CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN, BELGIUM), FÉLICIEN MEUNIER (UNIVERSITÉ BETHANY HOLLAND (UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, UNITED CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN, BELGIUM), GUILLAUME LOBET KINGDOM), RICHARD CLAYTON (UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, (FZ JUELICH, GERMANY), MATHIEU JAVAUX (UNIVERSITÉ UNITED KINGDOM), NICK MONK (UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN, BELGIUM) UNITED KINGDOM), COLIN OSBORNE (UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, UNITED KINGDOM) [email protected] [email protected] Over t he last ten yea rs, novel models of water flow i n t he soi l-root domain have been developed. These models, which account for Improving crop yield is essential to meet increasing global food root architecture and root hydraulics down to the organ scale, have de ma nd s. Boost i ng c rop y ield requ i res t he coord i nat ion of ca rbon revealed a number of interesting root water uptake behaviors that acquisition by leaves and carbon utilisation by roots and seeds. Simple were not intuitive to most plant biologists. From a computational point modelling approaches may be used to explain how this coordination is of view, these models are not compatible with crop models. Recently, ac h ieved w it h i n pla nt g row t h . He re, t he l i m it s to a l locat ion st rateg ies however, analytical solutions have been established which speed a re e x plored by a na lysi ng t he se n sit iv it y of a si mple root-shoot ca rbon up the solving of flux equations considerably. We have used a similar a l locat ion model. T he model i s for mu lated ba sed on f u nda me nta l st rateg y to si mu late t he composite wate r t ra npor t model at t he sub - cel l con st ra i nt s on pla nt g row t h a nd t he refore ca n be appl ied to a l l pla nt s. sca le w it h a complete a natom ica l desc r ipt ion of t he root c ross sec t ion . This general approach shows that parameters defining the cost of root He re aga i n , u ne x pec ted behav iors eme rge f rom si mu lat ion s wh ic h ca l l and leaf respiration alter the relationship between carbon allocation for t he re -i nte r pretat ion of con fl ic t i ng resu lt s. A na ly t ica l solut ion s and final plant size by enabling a range of allocation strategies to are now being developped which should allow, on a medium term, to produce a similar plant mass. This plasticity is enhanced by increasing incorporate molecular aspects of water transport (e.g. aquaporin and assimilation rate and reduced by increasing the effect of shading apoplastic barriers regulation) into crop models. within the model.

PC8.16 NO FURTHER STIMULATION OF PC8.18 LIMITATIONS OF CARBON WHEAT YIELD BY CO2 ABOVE 600 PPM? SOURCE DRIVEN CROP MODELS UNDER WATER STRESS CONDITIONS WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 09:40 WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 10:10 MALIN C BROBERG (UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN), PETRA HÖGY (UNIVERSITY OF HOHENHEIM, GERMANY), MORITZ KUPISCH (UNIVERSITY OF BONN INSTITUTE OF CROP HÅKAN PLEIJEL (UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN) SCIENCE AND RESOURCE CONSERVATION, GERMANY), FRANK EWERT (UNIVERSITY OF BONN INSTITUTE OF CROP SCIENCE [email protected] AND RESOURCE CONSERVATION, GERMANY), MATTHIAS LANGENSIEPEN (UNIVERSITY OF BONN INSTITUTE OF CROP Elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2 ) is well known to stimulate SCIENCE AND RESOURCE CONSERVATION, GERMANY) plant photosynthesis and growth. Effects of eCO2 on crop yield are of particular interest due to the strong concern for future [email protected] food security. We compiled data from 102 field experiments (Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment, FACE; Open-Top Chamber, Most vegetat ion a nd c rop model s a ssu me a posit ive feedbac k loop OTC; field tunnel, FT) where wheat was exposed to different between carbon assimilation and leaf area growth, influenced by CO2 concentrations [CO 2 ]. Data on grain yield, grain mass, grain te mpe rat u re depe nde nt phe nolog y a nd e nv i ron me nta l fac tors ac t i ng number, harvest index, and grain protein concentration were on the carbon source process. These models accurately simulate analysed by meta-analysis to estimate average effects, and response g row t h at t he ca nopy level u nde r opt i ma l g row i ng cond it ion s a nd eve n f u nc t ion s we re de r ived to a ssess t he e ffec t si ze i n relat ion to [CO 2 ]. fairly well under environmental stress when carbon source limiting Grain yield was increased by 27% on average due to eCO2, functions are calibrated and only a small subset of all model variables mainly as a result of an increase in grain number per area. Grain a re compa red w it h obse r vat ion s. Suc h model desig n stays i n cont ra st mass and harvest index remained unaffected by eCO2, while to common physiological knowledge about plant growth under grain protein concentration was significantly decreased by non- opt i ma l cond it ion s, wh ic h i s of te n not ca rbon sou rce l i m ited almost 10%, which is serious with respect to human nutrition. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 72

but reduced due to i n h ibit ion s of t issue for mat ion a nd e x pa n sion . This presentation compares the predictive qualities of three crop PC8.20 GROWTH REPRESSORS model s w it h d i ffe re nt ca rbon a ssi m i lat ion submodel s u nde r d roug ht REVEAL PLANT GROWTH IS SINK- cond it ion s i n w i nte r wheat . T he eva luated model va r iables compr i se NOT SOURCE-LIMITED different temporal and organizational scales such as instantaneous leaf and canopy assimilation, daily canopy assimilation and t ra n spi rat ion , tota l d r y mat te r a nd L A I. Resu lt s show t hat a l l model s WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 11:30 a re u nable to si mu late pla nt g row t h u nde r d roug ht whe n t h i s la rge r set of variables was considered. Reasonably correct simulated variables NICK PULLEN (JOHN INNES CENTRE, UNITED KINGDOM), l i ke tota l d r y mat te r a nd tota l da i ly ca rbon a ssi m i lat ion t u r ned out ALBOR DOBON (JOHN INNES CENTRE, UNITED KINGDOM), to be a fa lse comprom i se bet ween a n ove rest i mat ion of L A I a nd a n NAICHAO ZHANG (JOHN INNES CENTRE, UNITED KINGDOM), underestimation of instantaneous carbon assimilation at the leaf STEVE PENFIELD (JOHN INNES CENTRE, UNITED KINGDOM) level. Si mu lat ion s we re i mproved by apply i ng adapted wate r st ress f u nc t ion s on si mu lated L A I g row t h a nd photosy nt hesi s wh ic h m i m ic [email protected] respon se c u r ves of cel l elongat ion a nd lea f photosy nt hesis to lea f water potential. Understanding plant growth and carbon fixation is essential for understanding global climate systems and agricultural productivity. In plant ecophysiology the difference between carbon fixed by photosynthesis and carbon respired, known as Net Primary PC8.19 THE ALPHA AND OMEGA Productivity (NPP), is presumed to be a key factor limiting plant OF PLANT GROWTH growth. Classical models for plant growth thus assume growth is source-limited. We have new evidence that supports the view that g row t h i s ma i n ly si n k d r ive n a nd we a re at te mpt i ng to model t h i s WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 11:00 mat he mat ica l ly. By doi ng so we a i m to more acc u rately pred ic t t he ca rbon flu xes i n dy na m ic g loba l vegetat ion models a nd to i mprove CHRISTIAN KÖRNER (UNIVERSITY OF BASEL, SWITZERLAND) models of c rop y ield . We have bee n work i ng w it h A rabidopsi s g row t h repressor mutants which produce phenotypically bigger plants but [email protected] with a similar relative growth rate to wildtype. Counter-intuitively we fou nd t hat t hese muta nt s photosy nt hesi se no more t ha n w i ld- For a plant to grow, it needs three things to come together: (1) the t y pe pla nt s. I n ou r cond it ion s t he muta nt pla nt s have la rge r leaves resources needed to build new tissue (primary metabolism), (2) and have greater fresh and dry weight. Thus the mutant plants conditions that permit the process of tissue formation to proceed c reate more bioma ss t ha n w i ld t y pe despite si m i la r N PP. P resu mably (secondary metabolism) and (3) plant internal settings that ‘say’ t he refore, w i ld t y pe pla nt s u se on ly a f rac t ion of t he ava i lable N PP go (developme nta l cont rol s). Pa st g row t h resea rc h ha s la rgely bu i lt for g row t h . We a re bu i ld i ng a model to d i scove r a nd qua nt i f y how upon (1), while taking (2) and (3) as a given. I will advocate a view at muc h of a gap e x i st s bet ween ma x i mu m potent ia l N PP (due to net g row t h cont rols t hat root s i n idea s by Boye r, H siao, Brad shaw, Eva n s photosy nt hesi s) a nd ac t ua l N PP due to g row t h reg u lat ion . We have and others back to the 1980s that suggest that (2) plays a more central also started to measure how these physiological variables are affected role t ha n we w i sh , f rom a model l i ng pe rspec t ive. At lea st for C upta ke by e nv i ron me nta l cond it ion s, pa r t ic u la rly te mpe rat u re. By model l i ng viewed in isolation, we have perfect algorithms, but we have, at best, e nv i ron me nta l e ffec t s on t i ssue g row t h we propose t hat ge net ics some stat i st ica l f u nc t ion s for (2) a nd (3). Even for (1), C upta ke ca n not regulates photosynthesis and that plants are therefore sink-limited be explained without concurrent nutrient uptake, which facilitates a i n ma ny c i rc u m sta nces. proportional resource supply to building sites, meeting stoichiometric rules. Any advance in a mechanistic understanding in plant growth will thus, require advances in the understanding of the coupling of the nut r ie nt c yc le w it h t he ca rbon c yc le, a nd t he coupl i ng of me r i ste mat ic PC8.21 BIOLOGICAL REALITY AND act iv it y w it h bot h, above- a nd below-g rou nd resou rce supply. In PARSIMONY IN CROP MODELS - WHY WE most cases, CO 2 uptake runs on demands set by (2) and (3), hence pla nt g row t h ca n not be u nderstood f rom pr i ma r y cont rols of leaf NEED BOTH IN CROP IMPROVEMENT! photosynthesis. Yet, source- and sink-activity cannot be decoupled in the long run, so knowing either one implies the rate of the other one, WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 13:50 with the causality only revealed through manipulation. GRAEME HAMMER (UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA)

[email protected]

The potential to add significant value to the rapid advances in plant breeding technologies associated with statistical whole genome prediction methods is a new frontier for crop physiology a nd model l i ng. Y ield adva nce by genet ic i mprovement cont i nues to require prediction of phenotype based on genotype, and this remains challenging for complex traits despite recent advances in ge not y pi ng a nd phe not y pi ng. C rop model s t hat capt u re physiolog ica l k nowledge a nd ca n robust ly pred ic t phenot y pic con sequences of genotype-by-environment-by-management (G*E*M) interactions have demon st rated potent ia l a s a n i nteg rat i ng tool. But does t h i s biological reality come with a degree of complexity that restricts applicability in crop improvement? Simple, high speed, parsimonious ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 73

models are required for dealing with the thousands of genoty pes a nd env i ron ment combi nat ion s i n mode r n breed i ng prog ra m s. I n PC8.23 SENSITIVITY TO DROUGHT contrast, it is often considered that greater model complexity is needed DURING REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT to eva luate pote nt ia l of putat ive va r iat ion i n spec i fic t ra it s i n ta rget WILL LIMIT INCREASE IN WHEAT e nv i ron me nt s a s k nowledge on t hei r u nde r pi n n i ng biolog y adva nces. Is t h i s a cont rad ic t ion lead i ng to d ive rge nt f ut u res? He re it i s a rg ued YIELD POTENTIAL IN EUROPE UNDER that biological reality and parsimony do not need to be separable. It is CLIMATE CHANGE f u r t he r a sse r ted t hat t he st r uc t u re needed for t he ne x t ge ne rat ion of c rop model s to be most e ffec t ive pe rhaps requ i res bot h joi nt ly, a long WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 14:45 w it h t he capac it y to evolve i n c rop g row t h a nd development process a lgor it h m s. Spec i fic e xa mples i n model l i ng photosy nt hesi s f rom MIKHAIL A SEMENOV (ROTHAMSTED RESEARCH, UNITED bioc he m ica l sca le a nd ca nopy developme nt f rom pla nt sca le a re u sed KINGDOM), MATTHEW J PAUL (ROTHAMSTED RESEARCH, to h ig h l ig ht t he concept s prese nted . UNITED KINGDOM)

[email protected] PC8.22 OPTIMIZING THE PHENOTYPING D roug ht pr ior flowe r i ng ca n t r igge r g ra i n abor t ion resu lt i ng i n y ield PROTOCOLS OF PERENNIAL RYEGRASS losses. (Nuccio et al. 2015) showed that it was possible to modify THROUGH PRACTICAL IDENTIFIABILITY genetically maize to enable drought “tolerance” around flowering ANALYSIS - CASE STUDY WITH THE by increasing the concentration of sucrose in ear spikelets. In PASTURE SIMULATION MODEL field experiments, genetically modified maize performed better u nde r non- d roug ht a nd d roug ht cond it ion s. Ji et a l l ( Ji et a l. 2010) demonstrated that in wheat yield responses to drought stress around WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 14:30 flowe r i ng va r y g reat ly bet wee n c u lt iva rs. O u r objec t ive wa s u si ng modelling approach to assess importance of tolerance to drought TOM DE SWAEF (THE INSTITUTE FOR AGRICULTURAL AND in wheat during reproductive development for achieving high FISHERIES RESEARCH (ILVO), BELGIUM), GIANNI BELLOCCHI y ield potent ia l a nd y ield stabi l it y u nde r f ut u re c l i mates. We u sed (INRA - CLERMONT-FERRAND, FRANCE), JONAS APER (THE the refined Sirius wheat mode with incorporated wheat responses INSTITUTE FOR AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERIES RESEARCH to d roug ht pr ior flowe r i ng, to opt i m i se wheat ideot y pes for f ut u re (ILVO), BELGIUM), PETER LOOTENS (THE INSTITUTE FOR c l i mate sce na r ios at selec ted Eu ropea n sites represe nt i ng wheat AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERIES RESEARCH (ILVO), BELGIUM), g row i ng a rea s. At t hose sites whe re wate r cou ld be l i m ited , d roug ht- ISABEL ROLDÁN-RUIZ (THE INSTITUTE FOR AGRICULTURAL sen sit ive ( DS) ideot y pes produce substa nt ia l ly lowe r mea n y ield s. AND FISHERIES RESEARCH (ILVO), BELGIUM) For example, at SL yield for a drought-tolerant (DT) ideotype was 37% h ig he r compa red w it h a DS ideot y pe. Moreove r, y ield va r iabi l it y [email protected] e x pressed a s y ield C V wa s substa nt ia l ly h ig he r (up to 2 . 5 t i mes) for DS ideotypes. Therefore, tolerance to drought during reproductive Crop models representing the interactions between plant, weather, development i s l i kely to be a n essent ia l t ra it for wheat i n t he f ut u re soi l a nd ag r ic u lt u ra l prac t ices te nd to be ve r y comple x . T hey e x pla i n in order to achieve high yield potential and stability in Europe to crop g row t h and y ield for mation under a range of env iron mental underpin food security. conditions via several interlinked bio-physical processes. The parameterization of these models can be problematic as it may require extended experimental data. Practical identifiability a na lysi s i s recog n i zed a s a n elega nt way to a ssess wh ic h pa ra mete rs in a model can be estimated independently from experimental data. A parameter set is ‘identifiable’ if every parameter has a substantial effect on the model output and can be independently deter mined by the observations. The application of practical identifiability a na lysi s hold s g reat pote nt ia l for prope r pa ra mete r est i mat ion a nd for optimizing experimental designs but its application to crop models i s st i l l l i m ited . Usi ng t he FM E pac kage for ca l ibrat ion , sen sit iv it y a nd ide nt i fiabi l it y a na lysi s i n R , we appl ied prac t ica l ide nt i fiabi l it y analysis to PaSim, a complex model specifically developed to simulate grassland systems. In a first step, we used a breeding programme dataset, where dry matter yield and forage quality data were collected at five cutting events during one growing season of perennial ryegrass. In a second step, we evaluated virtual datasets with additional hypothetical measurements (i.e. increased frequency, increased number of variables and additional locations) to satisfy the minimum data requirement for proper estimation of 19 influential parameters i n Pa Si m . Usi ng t he rea l data set, 12-13 pa ra mete rs ca n be est i mated , but add it iona l mea su re me nt s ta ke n bet wee n c ut t i ng dates wou ld enable the estimation of up to 18 parameters. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 74

PC8.24 USING NUMERICAL PC8.25 APPLYING THE ARABIDOPSIS PLANT MODELS AND PHENOTYPIC FRAMEWORK MODEL TO LINK SNPS CORRELATION SPACE TO DESIGN TO CLINES ACHIEVABLE IDEOTYPES WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 15:45 WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 15:00 ANDREW J MILLAR (SYNTHSYS AND SCHOOL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH, UNITED KINGDOM), PIERRE CASADEBAIG (INRA, FRANCE), VICTOR PICHENY YIN HOON CHEW (UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH, UNITED (INRA, FRANCE), RONAN TRÉPOS (INRA, FRANCE), ROBERT KINGDOM), DANIEL D SEATON (UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH, FAIVRE (INRA, FRANCE), DAVID DA SILVA (INRA, FRANCE), UNITED KINGDOM), URIEL URQUIZA (UNIVERSITY OF PATRICK VINCOURT (INRA, FRANCE), EVELYNE COSTES EDINBURGH, UNITED KINGDOM), ALASTAIR HUME (EPCC (INRA, FRANCE) UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH, UNITED KINGDOM), EILIDH TROUP (EPCC UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH, UNITED KINGDOM), [email protected] TOMASZ ZIELINSKI (UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH, UNITED Numerical plant models can predict the outcome of plant traits KINGDOM), ARGYRIS ZARDILIS (UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH, modifications resulting from genetic variations, on plant UNITED KINGDOM), ROBERT MUETZELFELDT (SIMULISTICS performance, by simulating physiological processes and their LTD., UNITED KINGDOM) interaction with the environment. Optimization methods complement those models to design ideotypes, i.e. ideal values [email protected] of a set of plant traits resulting in optimal adaptation for given T he 2 4 -hou r c i rcad ia n c loc k cont rol s t he sleep -wa ke c yc le, t he cel l combi nat ion s of env i ron ment a nd ma nagement, ma i n ly t h roug h t he c yc le a nd sea sona l reproduc t ion t h roug h photope r iod i sm . Breede rs ma x i m i zat ion of a pe r for ma nce c r ite r ia (e.g. y ield , l ig ht i nte rcept ion). have selected alleles of clock-associated genes in multiple crops. As use of simulation models gains momentum in plant breeding, We seek to understand how the clock gene circuit controls plant numerical experiments must be carefully engineered to provide growth, biomass and life history in Arabidopsis thaliana. T h i s work accurate and attainable results, rooting them in biological reality. l i n k s ge not y pe to phe not y pe, qua nt itat ively a nd mec ha n i st ica l ly. Here, we propose a multi-objective optimization formulation that Howeve r, t he proof of concept for a ‘c rops in silico’ approac h shou ld i nc ludes a met r ic of pe r for ma nce, ret u r ned by t he nu me r ica l model, ideally start from increasingly-available crop genome sequences and a metric of feasibility, accounting for correlations between and reach up to field traits, in a transparent and accessible fashion. traits based on field observations. We applied this approach to two We previously built mechanistic, mathematical models of the clock cont ra st i ng model s: a process-ba sed c rop model of su n flowe r a nd a ge ne c i rc u it, a nd of eac h c loc k-reg u lated process bet wee n ge r m i nat ion f u nc t iona l-st r uc t u ra l pla nt model of apple t rees. I n bot h ca ses, t he a nd flowe r i ng, i nc lud i ng t he n ig ht ly ut i l i sat ion of sta rc h ca rbon stores. method successfully characterized key plant traits and identified Linking specific aspects of the clock model to genome sequence (SNPs) a continuum of optimal solutions, ranging from the most feasible to i s one c u r re nt c ha l le nge. We a l so combi ned t h ree f u r t he r model s to t he most e ffic ie nt . T he prese nt st udy t hu s prov ides successf u l proof of form the Arabidopsis Framework Model (FMv1;www.plasmo.ed.ac. concept for this enhanced modeling approach, which identified paths uk/plasmo/models/model.shtml?accession=PLM_76), wh ic h pred ic t s for desirable trait modification, including direction and intensity. roset te bioma ss qua nt itat ively i n si mple refe re nce cond it ion s (C hew et al. PNAS 2014). In the FMv2 (C he w et al . bioR x iv 2017, ht tps://doi . org/10.1101/105437), we model led t he c loc k-reg u lated processes i n the whole-plant context, to understand quantitatively the pleiotropic phenot y pes of a ‘slow ’ c loc k muta nt, f rom t he gene c i rc u it dy na m ics to biomass. Testing the FMv2 under multiple environments now suggests the potential to link from SNPs to clinal variation. To add ress t he c ha l le nge of ma k i ng suc h model s accessible, I w i l l cont ra st a ve r y si mple, on l i ne si mu lator (http://turnip.bio.ed.ac.uk/ fm/) with previous approaches. The FAIRDOM data management system (www.fair-dom.org) prom i ses to orga n i se releva nt data a nd models, and seems easily applicable to crop models. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 75

PC8.26 DISSECTING THE GENETIC PC8.5 MODIFICATION OF SOURCE VARIABILITY OF LIGHT INTERCEPTION LEAF STARCH METABOLISM IN AND LIGHT USE EFFICIENCY IN TRANSGENIC ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA COMPLEX MAIZE CANOPIES VIA INCREASES PLANT BIOMASS AND HIGH-THROUGHPUT PHENOTYPING DOUBLES OILSEED PRODUCTION AND MODELLING TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 16:15 IAN J TETLOW (UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH, CANADA), FUSHAN LIU TSU-WEI CHEN (LEPSE INRA MONTPELLIER, FRANCE), (UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH, CANADA), LIPING WANG (UNIVERSITY CHRISTIAN FOURNIER (LEPSE INRA MONTPELLIER, FRANCE), OF GUELPH, CANADA), ZAHEER AHMED (UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH, SIMON ARTZET (LEPSE INRA MONTPELLIER, FRANCE), CANADA), NOEL MANO (UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH, CANADA), CHRISTOPHE PRADAL (CIRAD MONTPELLIER, FRANCE), LLORENÇ MICHAEL J EMES (UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH, CANADA) CABRERA-BOSQUET (LEPSE INRA MONTPELLIER, FRANCE), CLAUDE WELCKER (LEPSE INRA MONTPELLIER, FRANCE), [email protected] FRANÇOIS TARDIEU (LEPSE INRA MONTPELLIER, FRANCE) We have ide nt i fied a novel mea n s to ac h ieve substa nt ia l ly i nc rea sed [email protected] vegetative biomass and oilseed production in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Specific endogenous starch biosynthetic Understa nd i ng genet ic cont rol a nd va r iabi l it y i n t ra its related to enzy mes were substituted w ith cor respond ing maize (Zea mays) rad iat ion i nte rcept ion e ffic ie nc y ( R I E ) a nd rad iat ion u se e ffic iency enzymes. Transformants were compared with the starch-free (RUE), e.g. leaf expansion, architectural traits and photosynthetic bac kg rou nd a nd w it h t he w i ld-t y pe pla nt s. Eac h of t he ma i ze - de r ived parameters, may accelerate crop improvement. Based on the daily enzymes restored starch biosynthesis but both morphology and images of 255 well-watered maize hybrids in three experiments structure of starch particles were markedly altered. Altered starch f rom t he Phe noA rc h h ig h-t h roug hput phe not y pi ng plat for m , we metabolism in the transformants is associated with enhanced reconstructed dynamic 3D architecture of the platform canopy to bioma ss for mat ion a nd more -t ha n- doubled oi l seed produc t ion wh i le estimate daily radiation interception of each plant in the platform. ma i nta i n i ng seed oi l qua l it y. E n ha nced oi lseed produc t ion i s pr i ma r i ly T h i s a l lows 1) d i ssec t i ng R I E a nd RU E i nto ge net ic a nd e nv i ron me nta l due to an increased number of siliques per plant whereas oil content components valid for complex canopy with varietal mixtures, as in a nd seed nu mbe r pe r si l ique i s esse nt ia l ly u nc ha nged . I nt roduc t ion any phenotyping platform condition; 2) extracting environmental of specific cereal starch biosynthetic enzymes into oilseed plants te r m s f rom R I E a nd RU E to bet te r a ssoc iate detec ted QT L of bioma ss to represe nt s a pote nt ia l ly u sef u l st rateg y to i nc rea se bioma ss a nd oi l their genetic components having high heritability, naming leaf area, produc t ion i n related oi lseed c rops a nd ma n ipu late t he st r uc t u re a nd compet it ive ness a nd depe nde nc y of RU E to l ig ht; 3) a ssessi ng t he properties of leaf starch. cont r ibut ion of ge net ic va r iabi l it y i n ge net ic compone nt s on va r iat ion in biomass quantitatively; 4) simulating virtual fields with single ge not y pe or a ny va r ieta l m i x t u re to a ssess t he comple x it y of a ca nopies t hat c ha nges be hav ior of i nd iv idua l ge not y pes a nd 5) est i mat i ng PC8.6 LUSH SPIKE - TOWARDS pa ra mete rs u si ng i n c rop model s, e.g. l ig ht e x t i nc t ion coe ffic ie nt . O ur THE GENETICS AND MECHANISM OF resu lt s suggest t hat 1) ge net ic va r iabi l it y i n bioma ss i s t h ree t i mes SPIKELET SURVIVAL IN BARLEY more dete r m i ned by lea f e x pa n sion a nd compet it ive ness to l ig ht t ha n by RUE 2) the differences in biomass between canopies consisting of single or multiple genotypes can be predicted by the competitiveness TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION of t he ge not y pes. O u r a na lyses a nd si mu lat ion s a l low st udy i ng l ig ht- related t ra it s i n a comple x ca nopy, dete r m i n i ng t hei r ge net ic cont rol s THIRULOGACHANDAR VENKATASUBBU (LEIBNIZ INSTITUTE OF a nd pred ic t i ng be hav ior of ge not y pes for c rop model i mprove me nt . PLANT GENETICS AND CROP PLANT RESEARCH, GERMANY), AHMAD MOHAMMAD I ALQUDAH (LEIBNIZ INSTITUTE OF PLANT GENETICS AND CROP PLANT RESEARCH, GERMANY), RAVI KOPPOLU (LEIBNIZ INSTITUTE OF PLANT GENETICS AND CROP PLANT RESEARCH, GERMANY), TWAN RUTTEN (LEIBNIZ INSTITUTE OF PLANT GENETICS AND CROP PLANT RESEARCH, GERMANY), JOCHEN KUMLEHN (LEIBNIZ INSTITUTE OF PLANT GENETICS AND CROP PLANT RESEARCH, GERMANY), THORSTEN SCHNURBUSCH (LEIBNIZ INSTITUTE OF PLANT GENETICS AND CROP PLANT RESEARCH, GERMANY)

[email protected]

Improving grain yield is a major objective of crop breeding, and a promising avenue for maximizing yield is through enhanced spikelet survival during pre-anthesis development. However, little is known about spikelet survival and its impact in grain yield i n ce rea l s. I n ba rley, t he g row t h pe r iod aw n pr i mord iu m to t ippi ng is considered as the most critical pre-anthesis phase determining spi kelet /spi kelet pr i mord ia abor t ion a nd g ra i n y ield si nce ~70 % of spikelet abortion occurs during this phase, regardless of growth ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 76

conditions and row-type. Mortality of spikelet primordia may Open source software for 3-D visualisation and feature extraction begin with the onset of rapid stem and spike growth and lasts until allow non-experienced users to interrogate the data and will be heading. Interestingly, the high broad-sense heritability (>80%) released in due course. of spikelet survival in barley underscores that there are major genetic players regulating this trait. Therefore, we aim to discover QT L for spi kelet su r v iva l i n a G WA S pa nel a nd va l idate t he m i n bi- parental double haploid (DH) mapping populations. Furthermore, PC8.10 PHENOTYPING FROM CLIMATE i nte rest i ng QT L w i l l be me ndel i zed , f u nc t iona l ly c ha rac te r i zed , a nd CHAMBERS TO FIELD. TOMATO t he u nde rly i ng gene w i l l be ident i fied u si ng a map -ba sed approac h . GENOTYPES PHENOTYPED FOR HIGH A histological analysis of spikelet/spikelet primordia during pre-anthesis phase will be performed to describe the developmental FV/FM DURING HEAT STRESS IN process of spikelet survival/abortion in barley. Additionally, the CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT MAINTAIN h i stolog ic st ud ies w i l l be comple me nted w it h t he t i ssue -spec i fic HIGH FRUIT YIELD DURING HEAT t ra n sc r iptome, metabolome a nd phy tohor mone a na lysi s. Fi na l ly, STRESS IN THE FIELD the spatio-temporal patterns of transcript, metabolite and phy tohor mone d i st r ibut ion /modu lat ion i n t he spi ke may i l lu st rate the mechanistical regulation of spikelet survival. TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION

CARL-OTTO OTTOSEN (AARHUS UNIVERSITY, DENMARK), DAMODAR POUDYAL (SEAN SEED SERVICE CENTRE LIMITED, PC8.7 ASSESSING MULTIPLE STRESS NEPAL), EVA ROSENQVIST (COPENHAGEN UNIVERSITY, EFFECTS ON WHEAT SPIKE MORPHOLOGY DENMARK)

AND GRAIN PRODUCTION USING [email protected] microCT SCANNING T he a i m of t he st udy was to cor relate t he heat responses of you ng tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) f rom cont rol led e nv i ron me nt s to TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION field u si ng t he ma x i mu m photoc he m ica l e ffic ie nc y of PSI I (F v / F m) and gas exchange. Initially 28 tomato genotypes, selected for good FIONA CORKE (NATIONAL PLANT PHENOMICS CENTRE IBERS pe r for ma nce i n t he field i n Nepa l we re phe not y ped i n 4 0/2 8 °C day/ ABERYSTWYTH UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), NATHAN HUGHES n ig ht te mpe rat u re for t wo days i n cont rol led e nv i ron me nt s fol lowed (NATIONAL PLANT PHENOMICS CENTRE IBERS ABERYSTWYTH by a second sc ree n i ng of fou r ge not y pes w it h h ig h a nd fou r w it h low UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), CALLUM SCOTSON Fv / F m for fou r days i n 38/2 8 °C , fol lowed by 5 - day recove r y i n 26/20 °C . (UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON, UNITED KINGDOM), KAREN T he genot y pes w it h h ig h F v / Fm ma i nta i ned h ig he r rates of net ASKEW (NATIONAL PLANT PHENOMICS CENTRE ABERYSTWYTH photosynthesis (PN) at 38°C, due to high stomatal conductance UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), CANDIDA NIBAU (NATIONAL leading to efficient cooling of the leaf. The genotypes had identical PLANT PHENOMICS CENTRE ABERYSTWYTH UNIVERSITY, UNITED biomass du r i ng cont rol but a f ter heat st ress a d i fference bet ween KINGDOM), EVA ROSENQVIST (UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN, t he se n sit ive a nd tole ra nt l i nes we re see n i n bioma ss acc u mu lat ion DENMARK), CARL-OTTO OTTOSEN (AARHUS UNIVERSITY, a nd pol le n v iabi l it y, si m i la r to F v / F m a nd PN . Two tole ra nt a nd t wo DENMARK), JOHN DOONAN (NATIONAL PLANT PHENOMICS CENTRE sensitive genotypes were grown with irrigation in the field in Nepal IBERS ABERYSTWYTH UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM) during a natural heat wave (38/26°C). The tolerant genotypes had significantly higher biomass accumulation; lower heat [email protected] injury index and higher fruit yield than the sensitive genotypes. To ou r k nowledge t h i s i s t he fi rst st udy whe re sc ree n i ng of tomatoes Y ield compone nt s i nc lude spi ke nu mbe r pe r u n it a rea, g ra i n nu mbe r for heat tole ra nce by F v / F m i n cont rol led e nv i ron me nt s have bee n per spike and grain size while grain shape contributes to quality. followed by a field trial for agricultural traits under natural high Measuring traits such as number and size is straightforward in temperature stress. The results confirm vF /Fm as an effective harvested loose grain, but developmental and spatial information physiological marker for early detection of heat tolerance correlating that may be useful in breeding or experimental analyses is lost. to t he y ield u nde r heat st ress i n t he field . To retain this trait information in its developmental context, we have adapted established biomedical imaging techniques, including X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning to provide accurate estimates of grain parameters in intact spikes of wheat and applied it to examine the combined effects of 2 independently applied stresses, mild drought from 6th leaf stage and heat stress for 4 days from GS39 (during meiosis). Plants were harvested at maturity and the primary ear (tagged at extension) were kept separate from other ears. The ear length and weight were measured. Grain numbers were ground truthed from reconstructed 3D scans to provide a t ra i n i ng set for automated sof t wa re developme nt . I n for mat ion extracted from 3-D CT models will be combined with other phenot y pic data a nd u sed to pa ra mete r i ze pred ic t ive c rop models. T h i s h ig h- conte nt med iu m-t h roug hput C T met hod ha s a ra nge of other potential applications including dissecting varietal variation i n wheat, oat s a nd forage a nd w i ld g ra sses a s wel l a s ot he r c rops suc h a s Bra ssica a nd pu l ses. T he procedu re i s i n he re nt ly non- dest r uc t ive and seed can be recovered for further analysis or growth tests. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 77

v ia t hei r abu nda nt NGS data. I n t h i s rega rd , a ha nd f u l of con st ra i nt- PC8.11 CAN PHYSIOLOGICAL based modeling studies have appeared in the past decade on rice MAPS GUIDE GENETIC SELECTION (~18%), maize (~11%) and barley (~5%). We summarize the recent FOR IMPROVED RESPONSES TO developments of cerea l metabol ic models a nd i n si l ico a na lysis to c ha rac te r i ze t hei r st ress respon ses a nd ide nt i f y ag ronom ic t ra it s for ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES crop improvement.

TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION EVALUATION OF THE CROPGRO MARCUS DAVID BELLETT-TRAVERS (IM GEOSPATIAL, PC8.8 UNITED KINGDOM) MODEL TO SIMULATE THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE PEANUT CROP [email protected]

Pa nts respond to env i ron menta l st ress t h rough a combi nat ion of TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION biochemical, physiological and phenological responses, controlled by a nu mbe r of genes. T he genet ic cont rol of suc h respon ses ca n be BRUNO A ALVES (ESCOLA SUPERIOR DE AGRICULTURA ma n ipu lated to i mprove c rop su r v iva l or y ield u nde r subopt i mu m LUIZ DE QUEIROZ - ESALQUSP, BRAZIL), FABIO R MARIN g row i ng cond it ion s but of ten c ha nges i n genet ic respon se to st ress (ESCOLA SUPERIOR DE AGRICULTURA LUIZ DE QUEIROZ - bring about penalties as well as benefits. These come about through, ESALQUSP, BRAZIL), RUBENS D COELHO (ESCOLA SUPERIOR sometimes unappreciated, indirect consequences of the genetic DE AGRICULTURA LUIZ DE QUEIROZ - ESALQUSP, BRAZIL), manipulation or the requirement for multiple gene expression to bring DANILO G GOMES (ESCOLA SUPERIOR DE AGRICULTURA LUIZ DE about t he desi red outcome. Mappi ng physiolog ica l processes a nd t he QUEIROZ - ESALQUSP, BRAZIL) a ssoc iated genes g ives i n sig ht i nto t he con sequences c ha nges i n gene e x pression a nd t he l i kely out comes to physiolog y, phe nolog y a nd y ield . [email protected] A map of ove r 30 0 0 physiolog ica l a nd phe nolog ica l processes l i n ked to Pea nut i s one of t he most c u lt ivated oi lseed s i n t he world , w it h h ig h wate r st ress w i l l be prese nted u si ng mappi ng sof t wa re. T h i s w i l l be protei n a nd ene rg y potent ia l. C rop si mu lat ion models a re de fi ned u se, a s a n e xa mple, to show how c ha nges to key ge nes ca n have some a s a set of equat ion s related to biophysica l processes to est i mate desired and undesired effects. growth, development and production of a crop from genetic factors and environmental variables, which allows the analyses of various components of production. The goal was to evaluate the PC8.9 MODELING CEREAL METABOLISMS CROPGRO-Peanut model to estimate the growth and development of peanut cultivar Runner IAC 886. One experiment was conducted FOR ELUCIDATING STRESS RESPONSES in a greenhouse in the experimental area of the Biosystems AND GUIDING CROP IMPROVEMENT E ng i nee r i ng Depa r t ment of ESA LQ/ USP, P i rac icaba, SP, i n boxes of 100 L filled with Red-Yellow Latosol (LV) soil, in the period between TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION Septembe r 2015 a nd Ja nua r y 2016. T he e x pe r i menta l out l i ne u sed was randomized blocks with four repetitions. The treatments were BIJAYALAXMI MOHANTY (NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF composed by biometric and productivity assessments in five seasons SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE), MEIYAPPAN LAKSHMANAN (77, 93, 100, 106 and 130 DAP - days after planting) using surface (BIOPROCESSING TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE, SINGAPORE), d r ip i r r igat ion syste m . T he ge net ic coe ffic ie nt s to c u lt ivate have DONG-YUP LEE (NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE been modified to obtain the best adjustment between observed and BIOPROCESSING TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE, SINGAPORE) model-simulated data, seeking desirable values for the correlation coefficient (R²) and Willmott’s index (d). The calibration of the [email protected] coefficients related to phenology was satisfactory when compared to the dates of occurrence of the phenological events observed with Rice, maize, wheat, sorghum and barley are the major food crops which t he si mu lat ion . T hu s, t he model si mu lated sat i sfac tor i ly t he g row t h const itutes t he most of world’s nut r ient requi rements. A lt hough a nd developme nt of pea nut c u lt iva r Ru n ne r I AC 8 86. t he overa l l y ield of such cerea ls has been i nc reasi ng, t he g row i ng population and adverse climatic changes pose huge challenges for their sustained production in the future. Therefore, systematic approaches are highly required to explore their effects on cereal crops’ phe not y pic a nd cel lu la r respon ses. It cou ld be ac h ieved by combi n i ng the available multiple high throughput data such as genomics, metabolomics, proteomics and transcriptomics, thereby analyzing the possible biochemical adaptations to several abiotic stresses, and subsequently improving the crop yield. Concurrently, the advent of con st ra i nt-ba sed metabol ic recon st r uc t ion a nd a na lysi s paves way to c ha rac te r i ze t he ce rea l s cel lu la r physiolog y u nde r va r iou s st resses v ia t he mat hemat ica l net work models, wh ic h i s relat ively new. Si nce early 2000s, the plant metabolic modeling studies have started to appear in the literature on Arabidopsis (~40%) possibly because it is the first plant to have its genome sequenced. Although, plant resea rc h on A rabidopsi s w i l l st i l l u ncove r muc h comple x biolog ica l process, it is also important to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that are specific to cereal plants such as rice, maize, wheat, and barley ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 78

PC9 IMAGING PLANT PHENOTYPING

ORGANISED BY: GEORGE LITTLEJOHN (PLYMOUTH UNIVERSITY, UK) AND MICHAEL DEEKS (UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, UK)

PC9.1 EXPLORING DEFENCE PC9.2 HOW DOES PHYTOPHTHORA AND DISEASE DYNAMICS DURING DELIVER EFFECTORS TO HOST PLANT PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS, PLANT CELLS? FROM THE WHOLE PLANT TO SUB-CELLULAR RESPONSES MONDAY 3 JULY, 2017 14:40

MONDAY 3 JULY, 2017 14:00 PETRA C BOEVINK (THE JAMES HUTTON INSTITUTE, UNITED KINGDOM), SHUMEI WANG (UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE, UNITED KINGDOM), HAZEL MCLELLAN (UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE, MURRAY GRANT (UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK, UNITED KINGDOM), UNITED KINGDOM), QIN HE (UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE, UNITED TRUPTI GAIKWAD (UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, UNITED KINGDOM), SHAISTA NAQVI (UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE, UNITED KINGDOM), GEORGE LITTLEJOHN (UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH, KINGDOM), INGO HEIN (THE JAMES HUTTON INSTITUTE UNITED KINGDOM), SATISH KULASEKARAN (UNIVERSITY OF UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE, UNITED KINGDOM), ELEANOR M WARWICK, UNITED KINGDOM), HANNAH BROWN (JOHN INNES GILROY (THE JAMES HUTTON INSTITUTE, UNITED KINGDOM), INSTITUTE, UNITED KINGDOM), MIKE DEEKS (UNIVERSITY OF STEVE C WHISSON (THE JAMES HUTTON INSTITUTE, UNITED EXETER, UNITED KINGDOM), PETER WINLOVE (UNIVERSITY OF KINGDOM), PAUL R J BIRCH (UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE THE EXETER, UNITED KINGDOM), STEPHEN GREEN (UNIVERSITY OF JAMES HUTTON INSTITUTE, UNITED KINGDOM) EXETER, UNITED KINGDOM), DAVID HORSALL (UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, UNITED KINGDOM), MARTA DE TORRES ZABALA (UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, UNITED KINGDOM) [email protected] Phytophthora infestansutilises a large array of secreted, [email protected] translocated RXLR class effectors to infect its host. Relatively few of the hundreds of potential RXLR effectors have been Given that 25% of crop losses are attributable to pathogens, an de mon st rated to have spec i fic host ta rget s a nd ac t iv it ies but ma ny a rea t he hold s rea l potent ia l i n t he col lec t ive g loba l c ha l lenge to a re able to e n ha nce colon i sat ion a nd acc u mu late at d i st i nc t sites ensure food security in the coming decades is to develop new plant within the plant cell. Not surprisingly the characterised effectors lines with broad spectrum resistance to pathogens. Significant have been demonstrated to target known defence pathways, prog ress ha s bee n made ove r t he pa st 25 yea rs i n ide nt i f y i ng c la ssica l either inhibiting protein activities that promote defence or plant disease resistance genes, and subsequently components of st i mu lat i ng ac t iv it ies t hat dow n-reg u late t he defence respon se. plant basal defence - the two key defence mechanisms deployed RXLR effector translocation into host cells remains a controversial by plants. However, our knowledge of the dynamics of plant- a rea a nd prev iou s at tempt s to detec t t ra n slocat ion i n l iv i ng t i ssue pathogen interactions are limited, especially our understanding w it h fluorescent repor ters were u n successf u l. I n rev isit i ng t h is of t he processes occ u r r i ng post recog n it ion of t he pat hoge n ( ba sa l area we have focussed on effectors that locate to the nucleolus in an defe nce) or it s e ffec tor protei n s ( ge ne -for-ge ne resi sta nce) a nd how e ffor t to conce nt rate t he low level of t ra n slocated e ffec tor i n a sma l the host responds at the cellular level. We take a multidisciplinary volume. With this approach we are able to detect live fluorescently approac h to d i ssec t host respon ses to pat hoge n s e x ploit i ng ge net ics, tagged e ffec tor t ra n slocat ion i n i n fec ted cel ls. T h i s open s t he way to whole plant imaging, subcellular imaging and electrophysiological i nvest igat i ng t he mec ha n i sm of e ffec tor sec ret ion f rom t he pat hoge n respon ses. T h i s ta l k w i l l look at t he dy na m ics of t he ea rly molec u la r and uptake by the host cells. We demonstrate that the haustorium eve nt s u nde r pi n n i ng t wo key defe nce respon ses; (i) t he i nduc t ion i s a site of del ive r y of bot h apopla st ic a nd c y topla sm ic e ffec tors by and subsequent suppression of plant basal immunity in Arabidopsis distinct secretory pathways. thaliana by virulent Pseudomonas syringae focussing on an e me rg i ng role of t he c h loropla st i n pla nt i m mu n it y a nd (i i) t he rapid ea rly event s i n t he i n it iat ion a nd propagat ion of system ic sig na ls following gene-for-gene recognition. Finally, we examine how ge ne r ic t hese respon ses a re to ot he r host-pat hoge n syste m s a nd exploit knowledge of the timing of responses to re-engineer plant defence responses. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 79

initial vesicle tethering to the plasma membrane. Exocytosis is one of PC9.3 ROLE OF MOLECULAR PATTERN several cellular processes playing an essential role in plant defense. IN ACTIN MEDIATED VESICLE To mec ha n i st ica l ly st udy t he e ffec t of AV R1 on t he e xoc yst comple x TRAFFICKING OF ARABIDOPSIS dynamics on a subcellular level, we use the model moss species Physcomitrella patens. We showed that differentPhytophthora THALIANA HYPOCOTYL CELLS spec ies a re able to i n it iate a defe n se respon se i n t h i s moss a nd t hat this system is ideal for high-resolution live-cell imaging of defense MONDAY 3 JULY, 2017 15:10 processes suc h a s ac t i n c y toskeleton dy na m ics a nd e xoc y tosi s. Furthermore, we showed that several moss exocyst subunits localize STEFAN SASSMANN (UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, UNITED at the site of attack by Phytophthora capsici. Besides binding to KINGDOM), KAYLEE WORLOCK (UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, potato Sec 5, we showed w it h yea st-t wo -hybr id a ssays t hat AV R1 UNITED KINGDOM), MARK HEATH (UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, is also binding to Sec5 homologs of P. patens. Ectopic expression of UNITED KINGDOM), DAVID RICHARDS (UNIVERSITY OF AVR1 in P. patens cau ses a g row t h phe not y pe a nd we a re c u r re nt ly EXETER, UNITED KINGDOM), DAVID HORSELL (UNIVERSITY st udy i ng t he e ffec t of AV R1 on t he subcel lu la r loca l i zat ion of Sec 5 OF EXETER, UNITED KINGDOM), MIKE DEEKS (UNIVERSITY and other exocyst subunits of P. patens by fluorescence microscopy. OF EXETER, UNITED KINGDOM) Together, this study gives more insight in how pathogen effectors modulate plant cellular processes. [email protected]

Plants are constantly exposed to a variety of biotic (e.g. bacteria, fungi) and abiotic (e.g. temperature, mechanical) stress factors. PC9.5 THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENT Some do not pose a t h reat, ot he rs howeve r m ig ht i n fl ic t d i sa st rou s ON PLANT DEFENCE damage. In the field these two different stress types must be d i ffe re nt iated a s mec ha n ica l st ress to t he cel l wa l l ca n a l so be i n fl ic ted MONDAY 3 JULY, 2017 16:10 by random abrasion. How do plant cells perceive the difference? A. thalianadetects Microbial Associated Molecular Patterns (MAMP) during attacks from a broad range of pathogens. This KATHERINE DENBY (UNIVERSITY OF YORK, UNITED KINGDOM), leads to focal transport of the Penetration resistance 3 (PEN3) ATP PRESTA CONSORTIUM (UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK, UNITED bi nd i ng ca sset te t ra n spor te r a nd ot he r ca rgoes to t he i nte rac t ion KINGDOM), EMILY BREEZE (UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK, site to fig ht t he i n fec t ion . T h i s a l so lead s to a c ha nge i n ac t i n fi la me nt UNITED KINGDOM), KRZYSZTOF POLANSKI (UNIVERSITY OF orga n i sat ion a nd t ra n spor t med iated by ac t i n fi la ment s i s c r it ica l WARWICK, UNITED KINGDOM), CLAIRE STOKER (UNIVERSITY for successful response to the stimulus. But the rearrangement OF WARWICK, UNITED KINGDOM), LAURA RODEN (UNIVERSITY of actin microfilaments can also be induced within five minutes OF CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA), ROB INGLE (UNIVERSITY OF by touching the surface of epidermal cells with microneedles. CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA) We a re i nteg rat i ng i nte rd i sc ipl i na r y approac hes to sepa rate t he effects of mechanical stress and molecular patterns on actin-mediated [email protected] t ra n spor t d i rec ted by t he pla nt i m mu ne syste m . We have fou nd vesic le The outcome of plant-pathogen interaction is governed by the e xc ha nge at na scent i m mu ne sites to be dependent upon ac t i n fi la ment genotype of the pathogen and genotype of the plant in combination dy na m ics, a nd t hat a comple x sub - d iv i sion of i m mu ne ca rgoes occ u rs w it h e nv i ron me nta l cond it ion s. We w i l l e x plore some of t he ways at the plasma membrane following actin-driven distribution. We are i n wh ic h e nv i ron me nt i mpac t s on d i sea se su scept ibi l it y i n for med c u r re nt ly test i ng t he hy pot hesi s t hat t he biophysics a ssoc iated w it h by transcriptome studies. Plant immunity is a multi-layered locally applied pressure acts cooperatively to focus vesicle dynamics response including large-scale transcriptional reprogramming. to t he epice nte r of pat hoge n contac t . Within the PRESTA project we generated high-resolution time se r ies e x pression data f rom A rabidopsi s leaves fol low i ng i n fec t ion w it h bac te r ia l a nd f u nga l pat hogen s, du r i ng senescence a nd a f te r PC9.4 RXLR-EFFECTOR AVR1 OF d rought a nd h igh l ight t reat ment. T hese data sets have enabled u s to ident i f y ove rlappi ng respon ses to t hese cond it ion s on a more PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS TARGETS nua nced level t ha n si ng le t i me poi nt e x pression data a nd poi nt to PLANT EXOCYST COMPLEX SUBUNIT decisions that must be made by plants in fine-tuning responses SEC5 TO SUPPRESS IMMUNITY to pat hogen i n fec t ion . A na lysi s of t he t i me se r ies t ra n sc r iptome data after fungal infection led to investigation of the effect of time of day of inoculation on subsequent infection outcome. MONDAY 3 JULY, 2017 15:25 We demonstrated that the circadian clock impacts on the plant defence respon se a nd u lt i mately t he su scept ibi l it y of t he host to ELYSA OVERDIJK (WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS), i n fec t ion . We have ide nt i fied a mec ha n i sm ( JA Z6) d r iv i ng t h i s da i ly YU DU (WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS), JOEP rhy t h m ic va r iat ion i n i m mu n it y a nd a re c u r re nt ly i nvest igat i ng t he SMITS (WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS), KLAAS reg u lator y cont rol poi nt s at wh ic h JA Z6 ac t s. Sma l l c ha nges i n ea rly BOUWMEESTER (WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS), t ra n sc r ipt iona l respon ses appea r to d r ive sig n i fica nt d i ffe re nces TIJS KETELAAR (WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS), in lesion development over a much longer time frame highlighting FRANCINE GOVERS (WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS) t he i mpor ta nce of e nv i ron me nt i n a ssessi ng d i sea se su scept ibi l it y.

[email protected]

P rev iou sly, we have show n t hat R X L R- e ffec tor AV R1 of t he late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans ta rget s e xoc yst subu n it Sec5 in the host plant potato, thereby suppressing plant defense. The e xoc yst i s a protei n comple x i nvolved i n e xoc y tosi s by med iat i ng ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 80

for sustaining cellular responsiveness to microbial patterns, PC9.6 LIFE CELL IMAGING OF THE as it exists in natural encounters of plants with their biotic CYTOSKELETON IN PHYTOPHTHORA environment, to confer long-term anti-bacterial immunity. REVEALS NOVEL ACTIN AND TUBULIN T h i s work i s suppor ted by t he Gat sby C ha r itable Fou ndat ion a nd CONFIGURATIONS a g ra nt by t he Eu ropea n Resea rc h Cou nc i l ( E RC).

MONDAY 3 JULY, 2017 16:55 PC9.8 WHAT ‘R’ YOU DOING HERE? TIJS KETELAAR (WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY, THE INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF NETHERLANDS), KIKI KOTS (WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY, THE S-ACYLATION IN PLANT DISEASE NETHERLANDS), HAROLD MEIJER (WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY, RESISTANCE PROTEIN SIGNALLING THE NETHERLANDS), FRANCINE GOVERS (WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY, THE NETHERLANDS) TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 11:10 [email protected] DIONNE TURNBULL (UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE, UNITED The cytoskeleton is essential for proper functioning of eukaryotic KINGDOM), PAUL RJ BIRCH (UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE, cells. We study the cytoskeleton in Phytophthora species, oomycete UNITED KINGDOM), PIERS A HEMSLEY (UNIVERSITY OF plant pathogens that cause devastating crop losses. Oomycete DUNDEE, UNITED KINGDOM) d i sea ses a re d i ffic u lt to cont rol a nd t he re i s a n u rge nt need to find novel oomycete specific drug targets. We used Phytophthora [email protected] infestans expressing Lifeact-eGFP for live cell imaging of the actin cytoskeleton during development to identify oomycete specific Pla nt s a re con sta nt ly su r rou nded by pote nt ia l pest s a nd pat hoge n s, actin configurations. Firstly, we identified actin plaques as unique threatening the health of the plant and the security of our food oomycete structures. Secondly, we studied cyst germination production. Unable to move to escape challenge, plants must defend a nd appressor iu m for mat ion a nd we fou nd ac t i n con fig u rat ion s themselves in situ, and possess a complex, multi-layered innate to be associated with plug deposition in germ tubes and with i m mu ne syste m . A c r uc ia l a spec t of t he pla nt s i m mu ne respon se appressorium formation. These actin configurations strongly i s t he recog n it ion of spec i fic pest a nd pat hogen ‘e ffec tor protei n s’ - suggest a role for t he ac t i n c y toskeleton i n plug for mat ion a nd pla nt secreted molecules that manipulate plant processes to promote the cel l pe net rat ion . To i nvest igate how m ic rot ubu le orga n i zat ion a nd pest or pat hoge n s l i fest yle, i nc rea si ng d i sea se pote nt ia l. E ffec tor dynamics relate to Phytophthora f u nc t ion i ng we have ge ne rated recognition is facilitated by plant resistance (R) proteins, largely Phytophthora palmivora t ra n sfor ma nt s e x pressi ng GF P- α-tubulin. belonging to the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) T hese t ra nsfor ma nts a l low l ive cel l i mag i ng of t he m ic rot ubu le fa m i ly, a nd a na logou s to i m mu ne receptors fou nd i n a n i ma l system s. cytoskeleton in oomycetes for the first time. Although actin and T he modu la r st r uc t u re, a nd i nte rac t ion bet wee n doma i n s, e nables t ubu l i n a re con se r ved protei n s, ma ny st r uc t u ra l a nd reg u lator y e ffec tor recog n it ion a nd subsequent ac t ivat ion of t hese R-protei n s, proteins interacting with the cytoskeleton are not. The oomycete but the mechanisms of activation and downstream immune specific cytoskeletal organizations that we observed are potential sig na l l i ng rema i n poorly u nderstood. Recent work on a g roup of ta rget s for oomycete spec i fic d r ugs. R-proteins from potato, required for resistance to the notorious potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans, has revealed that seve ra l of t hese u nde rgo S-ac ylat ion - a reve rsible fat t y ac id ba sed post-translational modification. S-acylation is particularly known PC9.7 HOW MEMBRANE TRAFFICKING for it s role i n me mbra ne a nc hor i ng a nd loca l i sat ion but, due to it s REGULATES IMMUNITY reve rsibi l it y, i s a lso l i n ked to reg u lat i ng a spec t s of protei n f u nc t ion suc h a s ac t ivat ion , t ra ffic k i ng, a nd protei n-protei n i nte rac t ion . TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 10:30 Ongoing investigation has shown that S-acylation occurs at multiple sites, in multiple domains, within R proteins, suggesting a complex role for this dynamic post-translational modification SILKE ROBATZEK (THE SAINSBURY LABORATORY, UNITED in plant R-protein function. Our latest data on the functional KINGDOM), SARA BEN KHALED (THE SAINSBURY LABORATORY, consequences of R-protein S-acylation during plant defence UNITED KINGDOM), GILDAS BOURDAIS (THE SAINSBURY respon ses w i l l be prese nted . LABORATORY, UNITED KINGDOM), MICHAELA KOPISCHKE (THE SAINSBURY LABORATORY, UNITED KINGDOM), LYDIA RICKETT (THE SAINSBURY LABORATORY, UNITED KINGDOM), MARY TETLOW (THE SAINSBURY LABORATORY, UNITED KINGDOM)

[email protected]

Our main research focus has been how cells defend themselves against infection of their extracellular space by microbial pathogens. Conserved microbial patterns activate cell surface receptors that are essential for host immunity, and induce their internalization. Over the years we have characterized immune receptor-mediated endocytosis, a process conserved across different receptor family members. Yet, the significance of receptor-mediated endocytosis in the regulation of immune signalling remained controversial. We recently have revealed t hat e ndoc y tosi s of cel l su r face i m mu ne receptors i s a mec ha n i sm ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 81

produce a rigid and narrow penetration peg that ruptures the tough, PC9.9 MECHANISMS THAT CONTROL wa x y lea f c ut ic le to a l low colon i zat ion of t he pla nt t i ssue. He re, we CHITIN-TRIGGERED CHANGES TO show that appressorium mediated plant infection by M. oryzaeis CELL-TO-CELL CONNECTIVITY tightly linked with cell cycle control and more specifically, requires t wo i ndepe nde nt S-pha se cel l c yc le c hec k poi nt s. T he fi rst c hec k poi nt VIA PLASMODESMATA occurs during initial formation of appressoria on the rice leaf surface and acts through the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway, TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 11:25 i nvolv i ng t he Cd s1 k i na se. By cont ra st, appressor iu m repola r i zat ion i nvolves a novel, DDR-i ndepe ndent S-pha se c hec k poi nt, t r igge red CECILIA CHEVAL (JOHN INNES CENTRE, UNITED KINGDOM), by appressor iu m t u rgor ge ne rat ion a nd mela n i sat ion . T h i s second XIAO KUN LIU (JOHN INNES CENTRE, UNITED KINGDOM), S-phase checkpoint regulates septin-dependent, NADPH oxidase- CHRISTINE FAULKNER (JOHN INNES CENTRE, UNITED KINGDOM) regulated F-actin dynamics to organise the appressorium pore and facilitate entry of the fungus into a plant cell. We show that a [email protected] m i n i mu m t u rgor t h reshold i n t he appressor iu m , wh ic h depe nd s on mela n i n produc t ion , i s necessa r y to t r igge r t h i s u nu sua l S-pha se cel l Recognition of chitin from fungal pathogens by pattern cycle checkpoint and is necessary for the appressorium to function. recognition receptors triggers a range of immune responses in plants. Among these responses is the regulation of symplastic continuity and molecular flux between cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that a plasmodesmata (PD)-located, GPI PC9.11 ELUCIDATING MECHANISMS anchored receptor protein LYM2 perceives chitin and triggers OF PLANT AND NECROTROPHIC PD closure in Arabidopsis. This contributes to resistance to FUNGAL INTERACTIONS a fungal pathogen. Significantly, LYM2 signalling occurs independently of other chitin-activated response pathways. LysM receptor proteins form complexes with LysM receptor TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION kinases. We have identified two LysM receptor kinases that interact with and are necessary for chitin-triggered PD closure. ELSPETH RANSOM (UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK, UNITED Chitin-triggered signalling is known to activate the NADPH KINGDOM), ADAM TALBOT (UNIVERSITY OF YORK, UNITED oxidase RBOHD and our data indicates that similar to non-PD KINGDOM), SASCHA OTT (UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK, UNITED c h it i n sig na l l i ng, R BOH D i s requ i red for sig na l t ra n sm i ssion a nd KINGDOM), JOHN CLARKSON (UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK, PD c losu re. Howeve r, c h it i n-t r igge red PD sig na l l i ng i s t ra n sm it ted UNITED KINGDOM), KATHERINE DENBY (UNIVERSITY OF YORK, v ia a spec i fic mec ha n i sm of R BOH D ac t ivat ion . U lt i mately, c h it i n UNITED KINGDOM) pe rcept ion t r igge rs ca l lose deposit ion at PD, a nd t h i s i s cor related with PD closure. This data enables a context to dissect the [email protected] hierarchy of molecular events that ultimately induce PD closure. PD c losu re i s a newly ide nt i fied pla nt defe nce respon se a nd ra i ses Necrotrophic fungal pathogens cause devastating damage questions relating to how cells communicate during pathogen attack. to crops globally, with lettuce (Lactuca sativa) losses up to The data/tools generated in this project will enable us to understand 50% pre-harvest reported as a result of infection. Currently how cells symplastically co-ordinate their defence responses. fungicide control methods are expensive and unsustainable, stressing the need for alternative management strategies. The development of new lettuce varieties with fungal resistance has the potential to save growers £7million per annum. PC9.10 INVESTIGATING Analysis of novel dual RNAseq timecourse data, generated APPRESSORIUM-MEDIATED PLANT from lettuce leaves inoculated with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, has INFECTION BY THE RICE BLAST FUNGUS captured the pattern of host and pathogen genes differentially e x pressed ove r 4 8 hou rs post i n fec t ion . Fu nc t iona l a na lysi s of t he MAGNAPORTHE ORYZAE t i me ser ies has show n t he c h ronolog y of let t uce gene e x pression changes, including initial fungal perception, the activation of TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 11:40 pat hogenesi s related ge nes a nd t ra n sc r ipt iona l sig na l l i ng. Usi ng genes with known Arabidopsis thaliana orthologs, core conserved MIRIAM OSES-RUIZ (UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, UNITED defence responses to nectroph infection in Lettuce and Arabidopsis KINGDOM), WASIN SAKULKOO (UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, can be observed. Furthermore, S. sclerotiorum pathogenesis genes UNITED KINGDOM), GEORGE R LITTLEJOHN (PLYMOUTH i nc lud i ng t hose i nvolved i n t he oxa l ic ac id pat hway, ca rbohyd rate UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), MAGDALENA MARTIN- active enzymes and effector candidates were identified. URDIROZ (UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, UNITED KINGDOM), During the defence response large scale regulatory reprogramming NICHOLAS J TALBOT (UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, occurs before visible symptoms. Network modelling of differentially UNITED KINGDOM) expressed transcription factors has identified key lettuce regulatory hub genes, which are up-regulated in response to S. sclerotiorum. [email protected] To elucidate the impact of these key hub genes upon S. sclerotiorum resi sta nce we a re u si ng C R I SPR- Ca s9 k noc kout s, ge ne rated t h roug h To cause rice blast disease, the fungal pathogenMagnaporthe the regeneration of transformed lettuce protoplasts, and over- oryzaedevelops a specialised infection structure called an expression mutants. Examining these results alongside disease appressorium. The appressorium is a dome-shaped cell that resistance QTL data, will establish whether network analysis accumulates enormous internal turgor that is translated into can be used to enhance the identification of candidate genes mechanical force by reorientation of septin-dependent F-actin u nde rly i ng resi sta nce for breed i ng prog ra m s. c y toskeleton at t he base of t he i n fec t ion cel l. Sept i n- dependent pola r it y dete r m i na nt s reorga n i ze at t he ba se of t he appressor iu m to ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 82 PC10 GENERAL CELL AND PLANT BIOLOGY

ORGANISED BY: KATHERINE DENBY (PLANT SECTION CHAIR, SEB) AND JOHN LOVE (CELL SECTION CHAIR, SEB)

PC10.1 LINKS BETWEEN SUB-CELLULAR PC10.2 DYNAMICS OF PROTEIN BODIES, RNA BIOLOGY AND HUMAN PHOSPHORYLATION DURING DISEASE FILAMENTATION IN CANDIDA ALBICANS

TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 10:30 TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 11:10

JUDITH E SLEEMAN (UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREWS, PRIYANKA GHORAI (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PLANT GENOME UNITED KINGDOM) RESEARCH, INDIA), ALKA NARULA (JAMIA HAMDARD, INDIA), ASIS DATTA (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PLANT GENOME [email protected] RESEARCH, INDIA)

The nucleus of the mammalian cell contains numerous distinct [email protected] structures, all formed without the use of membranes. Roles in various stages of the regulation of gene expression have been Phosphoregulation of proteins through phosphorylation proposed for several of these structures including the Cajal body, anddephosphorylation events has gained importance in which is implicated in splicing snR NP biogenesis. Many of the understanding the regulation of pathogenicity. Among several characteristic proteins found in sub-nuclear structures are multi- pathogens, Candida albicans isboth a commensal and an functional RNA binding proteins (RBPs) and also accumulate opportunistic human pathogen, and its reversibletransition in cytoplasmic structures. The SMN protein is a key example of between yeast (avirulent) and hyphal (virulent) form is this, with proposed roles in splicing snRNP assembly, pre-mRNA reg u latedby seve ra l fac tors a nd pat hways. I n v iew of del i neat i ng splicing and mRNA trafficking in the cytoplasm among others. the role ofphosphoproteins in regulating the morphological The inherited neurodegenerative condition, Spinal Muscular transition, global analysisof phosphoproteome after hyphal Atrophy (SMA), results from low levels of expression of SMN. induction with elevated temperature, serumand N-acetyl-D- I n t he nuc leu s, SM N acc u mu lates i n ge m s (Ge m i n i of Caja l bod ies), glucosamine (GlcNAc) treatments was performed. A total of which are separable from their twin structure, Cajal bodies, only 60, 20 and 52 phosphoproteins were identified to be unique to under certain conditions and in some cell types. In the cytoplasm, temperature,serum and GlcNAc treated conditions, respectively, SMN accumulates in highly mobile structures associated with a nd t he d i st r ibut ion of u n ique phosphor ylat ion sites sor ted by t he microtubules and implicated in mRNA trafficking. It is increasingly modified amino acids showedhigher phosphorylation in serine clear that the cellular pathologies of a number of human diseases residues, followed by threonine andtyrosine. Further, 2-DE gel of including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Myotonic phosphoprotei n s t reated w it h d i ffe re nt fac torsshowed t he prese nce D yst rophy Ty pe1 ( DM1) a s wel l a s SM A , i nvolve defec t s i n mu lt i- of large number of protein spots, from which candidatespots f u nc t iona l R BPs a nd t he sub - cel lu la r st r uc t u res i n wh ic h t hey are identified for peptide isolation and characterization. accumulate. A fuller understanding of these structures, their The interactionnetwork-based functional annotation of protein functions and the relationship between nuclear and cytoplasmic kinases and phosphoproteins of C. albicans demonstrated ac t iv it ies of mu lt i-f u nc t iona l R BPs ha s t he pote nt ia l to shed l ig ht the interaction of kinases with phosphoproteins during on these diseases. filamentous growth, indicating the activation of kinase cascadesduring hyphal morphogenesis. Altogether, these findings will assist further functional characterization of candidate proteins to gain an in-depthunderstanding on hyphal morphogenesis and fungal pathogenicity. Keywords: Candida albicans, Hypha development, phosphoproteome, I M AC , LC-M S/ M S, protei n k i na se. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 83

PC10.3 TRPV4 RECEPTOR PC10.4 VACUOLAR HYDROGEN EXPRESSION AND FUNCTION IN ATPase PLAYS AN ESSENTIAL THE GUINEA-PIG URINARY BLADDER - ROLE IN BIOMINERAL CELL WALL A ROLE IN ATP RELEASE SYNTHESIS OF MARINE DIATOMS

TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 11:25 TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 11:40

MAX ROBERTS (UNIVERSITY OF SURREY, UNITED KINGDOM), DANIEL P YEE (SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY, MICHAEL R RUGGIERI (TEMPLE UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES), UNITED STATES), MARTIN TRESGUERRES (SCRIPPS CHANGHAO WU (UNIVERSITY OF SURREY, UNITED KINGDOM) INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY, UNITED STATES), MARK HILDEBRAND (SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY, [email protected] UNITED STATES)

The bladder urothelium is a newly recognized sensory structure [email protected] t hat plays a key role i n detec t i ng bladde r f u l l ness. Ce nt ra l to t h i s role Diatoms are highly productive unicellular phytoplankton that is the release of ATP, however the receptor-mediated modulation sy nt hesi ze si l ica cel l wa l l s, ca l led f r u st r u les, t h roug h a process and mechanisms underlying this release are poorly understood. k now n as si l ic i ficat ion . Si l ic i ficat ion occ u rs i n a compa r t ment Rece nt ev ide nce suggest s T R PV4 c ha n nel s i n t he u rot hel iu m may called the silicon deposition vesicle (SDV), and is coordinated by serve as key sensory molecules in response to bladder stretch. proteins facilitating biomineralization of silica at the nanoscale. We investigated the role of TRPV4 in urothelial ATP release and Here we investigated the role of vacuolar hydrogen ATPase t he u nde rly i ng cel l sig na l l i ng pat hways med iat i ng t he process. (VHA), a well conserved multi-subunit proton pump common Bladder tissues were obtained from young (2-5 months) to eukaryotes, in the biosynthesis of frustules in the marine guinea-pigs (GP)(male Dunkin-Hartley, schedule-1). TRPV4 diatom Thalassiosira pseudoanana. Intracellular localization e x pression wa s a ssessed by weste r n blot t i ng a nd f u nc t iona l orga n of VHA was analyzed by expressing eGFP fusion proteins, which bath technique used to evaluate mechanisms of TRPV4-mediated revealed VHA localized to the SDV during the G2+M phase of AT P relea se. I nt racel lu la r Ca 2+ wa s mea su red i n i solated u rot hel ia l the cell cycle. This observation was supported by peak RNA cel ls w it h f u ra-2 . T R PV4 e x pression wa s detec ted i n bot h mucosa l expression of multiple VHA subunits during this phase of the cell and smooth muscle lysates, with significantly higher levels in cycle, however, Western blot analysis of VHA-subunit B revealed mucosa. Spec i fic T R PV4 i n h ibit ion revea led t h i s receptor to be a va r iable e x pression pat te r n t hat wa s u ncoupled f rom t ra n sc r ipt responsible for a significant proportion of stretch-induced mucosal level s. E x posu re of T. pseudona na to h ig h level s of t he V H A spec i fic ATP release. TRPV4 activator GSK1016790A (GSK, 1μM) triggered inhibitor, concanamycin A, resulted in cessation of silicification significant increase in ATP release in mucosal preparations. and cell division. Additionally, VHA inhibition affected the Va r iou s i n h ibitors revea led t h i s AT P wa s relea sed v ia conduc t ive targeting and activity of a Silicalemma Associated Protein, pathways, with little contribution from vesicular release and SA P3, wh ic h a ides i n coord i nat i ng t he deta i led a rc h itec t u re of rel ied upon e x t racel lu la r Ca 2+ a nd protei n t y rosi ne k i na se ac t iv it y. t he f r u st r u le. Fi na l ly, sca n n i ng elec t ron m ic roscopy revea led t hat T hese fi nd i ngs demon st rate t he i mpor ta nce of T R PV4 i n t he pa r t ia l i n h ibit ion of V H A led to mor pholog ica l c ha nges i n f r u st r u le physiological release of ATP from the urothelium, where the a rc h itec t u re. T hese c ha nges we re l i kely due to d i sr upt ion of pH ident i fied u nde rly i ng mec ha n i sm s prov ide a bet te r u nde rsta nd i ng w it h i n t he SDV, a ffec t i ng t he nor ma l ac t iv it y of SA P3 a nd ot he r of t he cel lu la r sig na l l i ng i nvolved . si l i ficat ion protei n s. O u r resu lt s i mpl icate V H A a s a key reg u lator of t he bioc he m ica l e nv i ron me nt for biom i ne ra l cel l wa l l sy nt hesi s i n side t he SDV of d iatom s. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 84

PC10.5 CELL WALL PECTIN CROSS- PC10.6 REGULATION OF GROWTH, LINKING IMPLICATED IN PROTECTING ION HOMEOSTASIS, PHOTOSYNTHESIS AGAINST FREEZING STRESS AND MITIGATION OF SALT-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN MANGROVE TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 11:55 SPECIES, KANDELIA OBOVATA: INSIGHT INTO THE ROLE OF PAIGE E PANTER (UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM, UNITED KINGDOM), IAN CUMMINS (UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM, UNITED KINGDOM), NITRIC OXIDE DAYAN SANHUEZA (UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH, UNITED KINGDOM), STEPHEN C FRY (UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH, TUESDAY 4 JULY, 2017 12:10 UNITED KINGDOM), MARC R KNIGHT (UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM, UNITED KINGDOM), HEATHER KNIGHT (UNIVERSITY OF MIRZA HASANUZZAMAN (CENTER OF MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCE DURHAM, UNITED KINGDOM) UNIVERSITY OF THE RYUKYUS, JAPAN), MASASHI INAFUKU (CENTER OF MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF THE [email protected] RYUKYUS, JAPAN), HIROSUKE OKU (CENTER OF MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF THE RYUKYUS, JAPAN) Pla nt spec ies va r y e nor mou sly i n t hei r abi l it y to tole rate f reez i ng temperatures. Most temperate plants are able to increase their [email protected] tolerance through a process known as cold acclimation, whereby We investigated the role of nitric oxide (NO) in regulating ion low, non-freezing temperatures induce changes within the plant accumulation, improving growth and photosynthetic parameters t hat a l low it to su r v ive i n a sub -ze ro e nv i ron me nt . T he pla nt cel l and in reduction of oxidative stress in Kandelia obovata seed l i ngs wall has been implicated as a target of these changes suggesting a grown under 1.5 and 3.0% NaCl solution for further 2 months. role for the wall in protecting the plant against freezing, although To observe the role of NO, 100 µM sodium nitroprusside (SNP) as yet, no clear functional relationship has been established. was used as NO donor, while same dose of Hemoglobin (Hb) and He re we show t hat a muta nt t hat ha s a lte red cel l wa l l mor pholog y N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) also displays an increased sensitivity to sub-zero temperatures, were used as NO scavenger and NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor, indicating a role for the cell wall in protecting against freezing respec t ively. T he resu lt s showed t hat 3.0 % sa lt dec rea sed root stress. We demonstrate that the sensitive-to-freezing-8 (sfr8) length and shoot length. Both salt concentrations markedly mutant has decreased activity of the enzyme that catalyses i nc rea sed t he Na + content but dec rea sed t he K+ a nd t he refore t he L -f ucose sy nt hesi s, resu lt i ng i n reduced f ucosylat ion of t he cel l rat io of K+ / Na + dec rea sed . T he content of Ca 2+ a nd Mg + dec rea sed wall pectin Rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II). This prevents RG-II on ly at 3.0 % sa l i n it y. L ow (1. 5% NaC l) sa l i n it y d id not show a ny pectin monomers from dimerising via borate ester cross-links. negat ive e ffec t on photosy nt het ic pa ra mete rs, rat he r it i mproved Supplementing sfr8 muta nt s w it h bor ic ac id restores RG -I I c ross- some pa ra mete rs. H ig he r sa l i n it y (3.0 %) dec rea sed c h lorophyl l linking and reverses freezing sensitivity, suggesting that RG- content (SPAD value), net photosynthetic rate (Pn ), stomatal II dimerisation impacts on freezing tolerance. We are currently conductance (gs ), internal CO2 concentration (Ci ), the actual investigating the effect of cold acclimation on RG-II synthesis qua nt u m e ffic ienc y of PSI I(ΦPSII) and electronic transport ratio a nd d i me r i sat ion , to a ssess whet he r cold-respon sive c ha nges i n ( E T R) a lso. Sa lt st ress a lso dec rea sed t ra n spi rat ion a nd wate r u se either of these might contribute to increased freezing tolerance of efficiency and increased a couple of oxidative stress markers i.e. the acclimated plant. An alteration to plant-water relations that l ipid pe rox idat ion a nd H 2 O 2 content where results were prominent occurs with decreased RG-II dimerisation could be one reason for only at 3.0% NaCl. Exogenous NO had little effect in improving this: excised leaves of sfr8 pla nt s lose wate r more rapid ly t ha n w i ld- suc h photosy nt het ic pa ra mete rs a nd dec rea si ng ox idat ive st ress. type counterparts. The possible implications this may have for However, specific scavenger and NOS inhibitor clearly reversed freezing tolerance will be discussed. t hese e ffec t s t hat i nd icated t hat endoge nou s NO ha s a n obv iou s role in enhancing photosynthesis and maintaining antioxidant defe n se i n ma ng roves. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 85

PC10.15 WE SEED WEED SEEDS PC10.16 GROWTH AND CARBON PARTITIONING IN A LEAF OIL CROP WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 09:00 WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 09:15 DANA R MACGREGOR (DURHAM UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM) MADELINE MITCHELL (CSIRO, AUSTRALIA), JENIFER [email protected] PRITCHARD (CSIRO, AUSTRALIA), SURINDER SINGH (CSIRO, AUSTRALIA), JAMES PETRIE (CSIRO, AUSTRALIA), THOMAS T he abi l it y to cont rol seed ge r m i nat ion a l lows for ma nagement VANHERCKE (CSIRO, AUSTRALIA), JEAN-PHILIPPE RAL of when seedlings will emerge and therefore regulates when (CSIRO, AUSTRALIA) all subsequent development will take place. Seed dormancy prevents germination under what would otherwise be favourable [email protected] conditions. The level of dormancy that a seed has is determined by bot h ge net ic a nd e nv i ron me nta l fac tors. Resea rc h on t he model Demand for plant oil is increasing due to population growth, plant Arabidopsis thaliana has prov ided a good u ndersta nd i ng changing diets and increasing non-food applications. rega rd i ng how seed dor ma nc y i s establ i shed a nd what i s requ i red Accumulation of oil in vegetative rather than seed tissues to brea k it . A lt houg h A rabidopsi s i s w idespread i n nat u re, it i s of has the potential for high yields and the production of novel low agricultural relevance either as a crop or as an arable weed. crops for food, feed and the chemical industry. Previously, we Alopecurus myosuroides ( blac kg ra ss) i s a n a n nua l g ra ss-weed t hat generated transgenic tobacco lines that accumulate up to 35 % oil causes considerable problems for arable farmers in Western Europe, (t r iac ylg lyce rol or TAG) by d r y weig ht i n leaves w it h ca lc u lated including significant reduction of crop yield. Novel methods are y ields equivalent to that of oil palm. Initial results identified a required to control blackgrass because it has 1) a germination sma l l biomass pena lt y a nd g reat ly reduced lea f sta rc h content window overlapping winter crop sowing, 2) widespread multiple- in high leaf oil plants. The aims of this study are to: (1) quantify herbicide resistance, and 3) seeds that are shed before winter ge r m i nat ion a nd ea rly g row t h ; (2) c ha rac te r i se i n deta i l t he e ffec t s crops are harvested. This project aims to directly alter blackgrass of TAG acc u mu lat ion on lea f ca rbon a nd n it roge n pa r t it ion i ng; dormancy using the current knowledge about the establishment (3) i nvest igate whet her TAG brea kdow n ca n f uel metabol ism. and maintenance of dormancy in Arabidopsis. In addition Although germination and relative growth rate were equivalent to to establishing protocols for transient and stable blackgrass w i ld-t y pe i n t he h ig h lea f oi l pla nt s, t he pla nt s we re muc h sma l le r transformation, blackgrass-specific methods for analysis of during early growth. Changes to plant development narrowed hor mones, gene e x pression , a nd va r iou s seed physiolog y t ra it s the gap between wild-type and high leaf oil plant biomass by w i l l be developed i n t h i s projec t . By u nde rsta nd i ng how to reg u late flowering. TAG accumulation strongly influenced carbon and blackgrass seed dormancy in the lab, we can work toward altering nitrogen partitioning and was also dependent on plant and leaf it i n seed s t hat a re set i n t he field . developme nta l stage. No ev ide nce of sy nt hesi s a nd deg radat ion of oil during dark/light cycles was found. Future experiments will test t he i n fluence of a lte red ca rbon rese r ves on t he abi l it y of h ig h lea f oi l pla nt s to w it h sta nd abiot ic st ress. Unde rsta nd i ng g row t h , development and TAG accumulation in high leaf oil plants will enable maximal oil production and help transfer this technology to ot he r spec ies. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 86

PC10.17 DOSAGE OF DUPLICATED PC10.18 GENETICS OF ACHENE YIELD AND ANTIFUNCTIONALIZED HOMEOBOX AND DROUGHT STRESS TOLERANCE PROTEINS INFLUENCES LEAF AND RELATED TRAITS IN SUNFLOWER SPIKELET DEVELOPMENT IN BARLEY (HELIANTHUS ANNUUSL.)

WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 09:30 WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 09:45

THIRULOGACHANDAR VENKATASUBBU (LEIBNIZ INSTITUTE HUMERA RAZZAQ (PLANT BREEDING AND GENETICS UNIVERSITY OF PLANT GENETICS AND CROP PLANT RESEARCH, GERMANY), OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD PAKISTAN, PAKISTAN), GEETHA GOVIND (LEIBNIZ INSTITUTE OF PLANT GENETICS M.HAMMAD NADEEM TAHIR (PBG UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND CROP PLANT RESEARCH, GERMANY), TWAN RUTTEN FAISALABAD, PAKISTAN), HAFEEZ AHAMD SADAQAT (PBG (LEIBNIZ INSTITUTE OF PLANT GENETICS AND CROP PLANT UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD, PAKISTAN), RESEARCH, GERMANY), GOETZ HENSEL (LEIBNIZ INSTITUTE BUSHRA SADIA (CABB UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE OF PLANT GENETICS AND CROP PLANT RESEARCH, GERMANY), FAISALABAD, PAKISTAN) JOCHEN KUMLEHN (LEIBNIZ INSTITUTE OF PLANT GENETICS AND CROP PLANT RESEARCH, GERMANY), LENNART ESCHEN- [email protected] LIPPOLD (LEIBNIZ INSTITUTE OF PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY, GERMANY), NESE SREENIVASULU (INTERNATIONAL RICE Sixty sunflower accessions were evaluated under Polyethylene RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PHILIPPINES), MARKUS KUHLMANN glycol (PEG-6000) mediated drought stress. Selected tolerant (LEIBNIZ INSTITUTE OF PLANT GENETICS AND CROP PLANT and sensitive accessions were crossed in Line ´ Tester fashion RESEARCH, GERMANY) and resultant F1 along with their parents were evaluated for drought tolerance in field and PEG mediated drought in lab. Data [email protected] were recorded on morphological and physiological parameters to est i mate genet ic va r iabi l it y, gene ra l a nd spec i fic combi n i ng Spi ke a rc h itec t u re i s one of t he major domest icat ion t ra it s i n ba rley abi l it y e ffec t s, hete rosi s ma n i festat ion , ge ne ac t ion , cor relat ion (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare), wh ic h a l so i n flue nces g ra i n y ield . and path analyses. Genetic variation among the ent ries under Barley has two principal spike types: two-rowed forms and six- nor ma l a nd d roug ht st ress t reat ment s, i nd icated t hat t h i s breed i ng rowed forms governed by a single gene, Si x- rowed Spike 1 (Vrs1, material may be used for the development of drought tolerant syn.HvHox1) which belongs to homeodomain leucine zipper class types. Combining ability analysis exhibited variable direction I protein family. It was proposed that the HvHox1 i s on ly e x pressed a nd mag n it ude of ge ne ra l combi n i ng (GC A) e ffec t s a mong l i ne a nd in lateral spikelet meristems and act as a negative regulator of its teste rs a nd spec i fic combi n i ng abi l it y e ffec t s (SC A) a mong c rosses. development. It was also shown that the gene is the resultant The lines A-23, G-33 and 017583 and testers HA-133 and 017577 of a recent gene duplication occurred only in tribe Triticeae and were best general combiners under normal and drought stress its paralogous gene is known as HvHox2. He re, we show HvHox1 t reat me nt s. Resu lt s of SC A i nd icated t hat c rosses A-79 ´ H A-34 2 , expression in central and lateral spikelet meristems but with a 017592 ´ H A-133 a nd A-79 ´ H A-12 4 we re best spec i fic combi ne rs. different dosage level. We also found thatHvHox1 a nd HvHox2 have These crosses had also mid parent, better parent and commercial si m i la r spat io -tempora l but d i ffe rent dosage - dependent e x pression hete rosi s for va r iou s t ra it s u nde r t reat me nt s. Add it ive t y pe of during spikelet and leaf development. Both proteins have similar ge ne ac t ion wa s obse r ved for ge r m i nat ion pe rce ntage, days to 50 % dimerization and DNA binding properties, but exhibit differences flowe r i ng, days to 50 % mat u r it y, ste m d ia mete r a nd oi l conte nt i n t hei r t ra n sac t ivat ion proper t y. E x pression of t hese genes i n while other traits showing non-additive gene action. Association ba rley leaves is t he pr i me ev idence of t he w ide lea f a nd na r row of traits based on correlation and path analyses suggested that leaf lea f phe not y pes obse r ved i n si x- a nd t wo -rowed ba rley pla nt s, a rea, seed l i ng heig ht a nd head d ia mete r m ig ht be u sed a s c r ite r ia for respectively. Overexpression of HvHox2 under HvHox1 promoter selection of sunflower for drought tolerance and high achene yield. recovers (partially) the fertility of lateral spikelets in transgenic two-rowed barley, indicating that HvHox2, is a positive regulator of spikelet development. Transcriptome analysis during early leaf developme nt i n si x-rowed a nd t wo -rowed showed t hat HvHOX1 suppresses cel l prol i fe rat ion i n lea f cel l s. We e xe mpl i f y t hat dosage of duplicated and antifunctionalized homeobox proteins influences leaf and spikelet development in barley. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 87

PC10.19 CROP WILD RELATIVES AS PC10.20 NITROGEN APPLICATION A RESOURCE FOR GENERATING LOW- REVERSES HEAT-INDUCED RICE CYANIDE, DROUGHT-TOLERANT SORGHUM CHALKINESS: EVIDENCE FOR ORGANELLE REARRANGEMENT DUE TO WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 10:00 THE RECOVERY OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

MAX COWAN (MONASH UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), CECILIA IN ENDOSPERM CELLS BLOMSTEDT (MONASH UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), ROS GLEADOW (MONASH UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA) WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 10:15

[email protected] YUTO HATAKEYAMA (NATIONAL AGRICULTURE AND FOOD RESEARCH ORGANIZATION, JAPAN), YAYOI ONDA (EHIME Sorghum bicolor i s t he 5 th la rgest ce rea l c rop i n te r m s of g loba l u se, UNIVERSITY, JAPAN), HIROSHI NONAMI (EHIME UNIVERSITY, g row n i n se m i-a r id reg ion s for t he g ra i n a nd a s forage for l ivestoc k . JAPAN), TAIKEN NAKASHIMA (HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY, Despite being relatively drought-tolerant, it is still susceptible to JAPAN), HIROSHI NAKANO (NATIONAL AGRICULTURE AND seve re st ress at te r m i na l g row t h stages, a nd t he re i s com me rc ia l FOOD RESEARCH ORGANIZATION, JAPAN), ROSA ERRA- interest to ensure the crop is resilient to more frequent and BALSELLS (UNIVERSITY OF BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA), seve re i n sta nces of d roug ht u nde r c l i mate c ha nge. I n add it ion , KENZO HIRAOKA (THE UNIVERSITY OF YAMANASHI, JAPAN), concent rat ion of t he c ya nogen ic g lucoside d hu r r i n , prec u rsor to t he HIROSHI WADA (NATIONAL AGRICULTURE AND FOOD RESEARCH produc t ion of hyd roge n c ya n ide, ha s bee n obse r ved to i nc rea se i n ORGANIZATION, JAPAN) S. bicolor under drought stress, up to levels potentially toxic to cat t le. Wi ld relat ives of ma ny crop genera have been used to [email protected] improve crop tolerance to abiotic stress. Several wild Sorghum species occur natively in arid regions, suggesting high drought High temperature during grain filling increases rice chalkiness, tole ra nce, a nd it i s u n k now n whet he r t hey a re a l so c ya noge n ic. although chalkiness is partially reversed by nitrogen application. Nineteen species of wild Sorghum we re g row n u nde r cont rol led Air spaces formed in the endosperm cells cause a random light conditions and the cyanide potential tested at different reflection to create chalk; however, what occurrs in the cells developmental stages. All produced lower levels of dhurrin remains unclear. By combining newly developed pico pressure- compared to S. bicolor, with some species being completely probe-electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (picoPPESI- acyanogenic. Based on cyanogenic status and environmental MS) with a transmission electron microscopy, our hypothesis distribution, seven species were selected to investigate drought that heat preserves protein storage vacuoles (PSVs), and that tolerance and its effects on dhurrin production compared toS. PS Vs m ig ht be reve rsed by n it roge n supply, resu lt i ng i n nor ma l bicolor. Plants were grown in pots under well-watered (control) development of protein body (PB-II) to partially reduce air and drought-stressed conditions (25-15% soil water content). spaces wa s tested . M ic roscopic obse r vat ion s showed t hat PS Vs Pla nt s we re mon itored a nd weig hed eve r y 2 nd day a nd dest r uc t ively were preserved among amyloplasts heterogeneously developed harvested 6 weeks post-germination. Biomass, transpiration rate, in size, indicating an inhibition of protein synthesis. When photosy nt het ic pa ra mete rs a nd c ya n ide pote nt ia l we re mea su red n it roge n wa s suppl ied pr ior to t he heat t reat me nt, developme nt of for eac h spec ies. St ud ies of w i ld relat ives prov ide a n a lte r nat ive amyloplasts and PB-II recovered, resulting in a remarkable decline approac h i n ide nt i f y i ng t ra it s of ag ronom ic i nte rest . i n a i r spaces, t u r n i ng to t ra n slucent . Metabol ite profi l i ng w it h picoPPESI-MS characterised the difference of cellular metabolites u nder eac h t reat ment cond it ion . Heat i nc reased t he content of ascorbate, glutathione, and amino acids, particularly cysteine. Contrastingly, nitrogen treatment under heat conditions showed muc h less c ystei ne conte nt t ha n ju st heat, but w it h h ig he r suga r acc u mu lat ion , suggest i ng t hat c ystei ne wa s con su med to for m disulphide bonds during osmotic adjustment to sustain PB-II development even under heat conditions, consistent with the m ic roscopic obse r vat ion s. Hence, it i s conc luded t hat n it rogen application would reverse the inhibition of protein synthesis, resulting in the normal formation of amyloplasts and PB-II. Our fi nd i ngs a l so suggest t hat prese r vat ion of PS Vs a mong a mylopla st s inadequately formed in the cells accounts for air space formation to cause chalkiness. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 88

PC10.21 SECONDARY METABOLITE PC10.22 A KEY ROLE FOR APOPLASTIC PROFILES, FREE-RADICAL SCAVENGING H2O2 IN NORWAY SPRUCE PHENOLIC ACTIVITY AND ANTIMICROBIAL METABOLISM REVEALED BY TRANSCRIPT POTENTIAL OF ETHANOL EXTRACTS AND METABOLITE PROFILING FROM LEAVES, STEMS, AND ROOTS OF VETIVER GRASS [CHRYSOPOGON WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 11:15 ZIZANIOIDES(L.) ROBERTY] ANNA KÄRKÖNEN (DEPT OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI NATURAL RESOURCES INSTITUTE WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 11:00 FINLAND (LUKE), FINLAND), TERESA LAITINEN (DEPT OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI JULIANA JANET M PUZON (INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGY COLLEGE NATURAL RESOURCES INSTITUTE FINLAND (LUKE), FINLAND), OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES DILIMAN, TERESA LAITINEN (DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL PHILIPPINES), JOSE RAPHAEL D FUDOLIG (INSTITUTE SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI, FINLAND), KRIS OF BIOLOGY COLLEGE OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF THE MORREEL (GHENT UNIV. DEPT OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY PHILIPPINES DILIMAN, PHILIPPINES) AND BIOINFORMATICSVIB CENTER FOR PLANT SYSTEMS BIOLOGY, BELGIUM), NICOLAS DELHOMME (UPSC DEPT OF FOREST GENETICS AND PLANT PHYSIOLOGY SWEDISH [email protected] UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, SWEDEN), Vetiver grass [Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty] leaves, ADRIEN GAUTHIER (DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL stems, and roots were investigated for their phytochemical SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI, FINLAND), BASTIAN constituents, as well as antioxidant, toxic, and antimicrobial SCHIFFTHALER (UPSC DEPT OF FOREST GENETICS AND activities. Phytochemical profiles showed that the leaf had the PLANT PHYSIOLOGY SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL most diverse classes of secondary metabolites, while the root SCIENCES, SWEDEN), KALOIAN NICKOLOV (DEPARTMENT OF had t he fewest. Q ua nt i ficat ion of tota l phenol ics a nd flavonoid s AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI DEPT OF confirmed the results of the phytochemical screening. Results BIOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF OULU, FINLAND), GÜNTER BRADER of the DPPH assay showed that the leaf extract exhibited 48.78% (DEPARTMENT OF BIOSCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI free-rad ical scavenging activ ity (FR SA) relative to gallic acid AUSTRIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY GMBH, FINLAND), (control). This is the highest FRSA among the extracts from KEAN JIN LIM (DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES t he vegetat ive pa r ts, compa red to 32.63% a nd 21.11% FR SA of UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI, FINLAND), TEEMU H TEERI ste m a nd root e x t rac t s, respec t ively. Moreove r, t he br i ne sh r i mp (DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI, FINLAND), NATHANIEL R STREET (UMEÅ PLANT let ha l it y a ssay dete r m i ned t hat t he LC 50 of t he root e x t rac t (47. 57 SCIENCE CENTRE DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY UMEÅ µ g /m L) wa s not sig n i fica nt ly d i ffe re nt f rom t he LC 50 of t he posit ive cont rol, i nd icat i ng h ig h tox ic it y of t he root e x t rac t. L ea f a nd stem UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), WOUT BOERJAN (GHENT UNIV. DEPT OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICSVIB CENTER FOR e x t rac t s had h ig he r LC 50 va lues (470.6 8 µ g /m L a nd 38 0. 54 µ g /m L , respec t ively). T he d i sc d i ff u sion a ssay showed t hat t he root e x t rac t PLANT SYSTEMS BIOLOGY, BELGIUM) exhibited growth inhibition against both S. aureus a nd E. coli, w it h [email protected] greater extent against S. aureus. The stem extract exhibited growth inhibition against S. aureus. I n conc lu sion , a l l t he vegetat ive pa r t s Apoplastic events such as monolignol oxidation and lignin of the Philippine grown vetiver demonstrated various bioactivities, polymerisation are difficult to study in intact trees. In an such as antioxidantand antimicrobial activities, including toxicity. e x t racel lu la r l ig n i n-for m i ng cel l su spen sion c u lt u re of Nor way Furthermore, locally grown vetiver has unique phytochemical spr uce (Picea abies L . K a rst.) u sed a s a model, H 2 O 2 i s requ i red for profiles, compared to the profiles of the plant species grown in lignin production as its scavenging by potassium iodide represses ot he r cou nt r ies. T he fi nd i ngs of t h i s st udy poi nt to t he potent ia l l ig n i n for mat ion . T h i s obse r vat ion suggest s t hat i n t h i s cel l c u lt u re of vet ive r a s a prom i si ng sou rce of bioac t ive metabol ites wh ic h ca n pe rox ida ses ac t ivate monol ig nol s for l ig n i n poly me r i sat ion . I n be developed i nto pha r maceut ica l s a nd d r ugs. order to investigate the effects of modulation of apoplastic H2 O 2 levels on phenolic metabolism and lignification, and to identify genes encod i ng i soe n z y mes (e.g. ox idat ive e n z y mes, t ra n sc r ipt ion factors) specific for lignin biosynthesis, we conducted large- scale phenolic, metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses. Time course analyses coupled to candidate substrate product pair network propagation revealed differential accumulation of low- molecular-weight phenolic compounds, including (glycosylated) ol igol ig nol s, ( g lycosylated) flavonoid s a nd proa nt hoc ya n id i n s, i n

lignin-forming and H2 O 2 -scaveng i ng c u lt u res, a nd suppor ted t hat in addition to cell wall, oxidative coupling of monolignols occurs a l so w it h i n t he c y topla sm . Some d i l ig nol g lycoconjugates w it h reduced st r uc t u res fou nd i n t he med iu m ca n be for med on ly by i nt racel lu la r e n z y mes suggest i ng t hat spr uce cel l s ca n t ra n spor t glycosylated dilignols into the apoplast. Scavenging of apoplastic

H2 O 2 resu lted i n re modu lat ion of t he t ra n sc r iptome, lead i ng to a reduced carbon flux into the shikimate pathway propagating down to monolignol biosynthesis. Aggregated co-expression network ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 89

analysis identified candidate enzymes and transcription factors for monol ig nol ox idat ion a nd apopla st ic H 2 O 2 produc t ion a s wel l a s PC10.24 EFFECT OF NUCLEAR potential H 2 O 2 receptors. The results indicate that the redox state MAGNETIC RESONANCE ON THE of the apoplast has a profound influence on cellular metabolism. CIRCADIAN CLOCK AND THE HYPOXIA SIGNALLING PATHWAY

PC10.23 DEVELOPMENT OF THE WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 13:50 ON-SITE LIVE CELL METABOLOMICS PERFORMABLE IN CONTROLLED REGINA OLIVA (UNIVERSITY OF INNSBRUCK, AUSTRIA), ENVIRONMENT MARGIT EGG (UNIVERSITY OF INNSBRUCK, AUSTRIA) [email protected] WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 11:30 The circadian clock and the hypoxia signalling pathway interact bidirectionally, and both are important targets for several HIROSHI WADA (NATIONAL AGRICULTURE AND FOOD diseases, such as osteoarthritis or cancer. Nuclear magnetic RESEARCH ORGANIZATION, JAPAN), HIROSHI NONAMI resona nce ( N M R) ha s bee n u sed a s t he rapy for t he t reat me nt of (EHIME UNIVERSITY, JAPAN), KATSUNORI TANAKA (TSUBUKU human osteoarthritis and osteoporosis, but the biological effects CORPORATION LTD., JAPAN), TAIKEN NAKASHIMA (HOKKAIDO on l iv i ng syste m s, suc h a s cel l s or orga n i sm s a re st i l l not c lea rly UNIVERSITY, JAPAN), YUTO HATAKEYAMA (NATIONAL u nde rstood . We t he refore a na lysed t he i mpac t of N M R t reat ment AGRICULTURE AND FOOD RESEARCH ORGANIZATION, JAPAN), on t he zebra fi sh cel l l i ne Z 3, wh ic h i s wel l c ha rac te r i sed i n te r m s of HIROSHI NAKANO (NATIONAL AGRICULTURE AND FOOD c i rcad ia n rhy t h m ic it y a nd hy pox ic sig na l l i ng. Bot h pat hways a re RESEARCH ORGANIZATION, JAPAN), YAYOI ONDA (EHIME h ig h ly con se r ved ac ross t he a n i ma l k i ngdom a nd play major roles UNIVERSITY, JAPAN), KENZO HIRAOKA (THE UNIVERSITY in the development and progression of osteoarthritis. Our results OF YAMANASHI, JAPAN), MAKOTO HAKATA (NATIONAL revealed that the circadian rhythm of cryptochrome1 and period1 AGRICULTURE AND FOOD RESEARCH ORGANIZATION, JAPAN), showed a phase shift in the NMR group together with a significantly SATOSHI MORITA (NATIONAL AGRICULTURE AND FOOD i nc rea sed ge ne e x pression of pe r iod1 wh ic h c lea rly de mon st rates RESEARCH ORGANIZATION, JAPAN) a n e ffec t of N M R on t he c i rcad ia n c loc k of Z 3 cel l s. Fu r t he r more, [email protected] protei n e x pression of H i f 1, t he major reg u lator of hy pox ia sig na l l i ng pat hway, a nd Pe rox i redox i n-SO 3 , a n a nt iox ida nt for t u n i ng t he In this work, a new cell metabolomics was designed to allow cellular redox status, was as well significantly altered after on-site determination of cell-specific metabolite profiling in NMR exposure. In conclusion, NMR leads to a phase shift of the pla nt s g row i ng u nde r cont rol led e nv i ron me nt . T he syste m wa s t ra n sc r ipt iona l c loc k a nd , due to t he bid i rec t iona l i nte rac t ion of composed of pico pressure-probe-electrospray-ionization mass bot h pat hways, a lso to a ltered H i f sig na l l i ng. T h is st udy g ives spectorometry (picoPPESI-MS) and two measurement rooms f u r t he r i nd icat ion s of t he molec u la r mec ha n i sm of N M R e x posu re individually attached to walk-in environmentally-controlled i n a cel l syste m . growth chambers. The MS itself was placed on the carriage, wh ic h wa s movable bet wee n t wo room s a long t he ra i l s la id on t he laboratory floor, so that the MS could easily access to each room to be effectively used for the analysis. The combination of the environmental control and picoPPESI-MS allowed us to directly perform on-site metabolites profiling real-time in the target cel ls w it hout a ny pret reat ment s u nde r eac h set env i ron menta l condition, together with the determination of cell water relations parameters (e.g. cell turgor). Adopting light emitting plasma with natural light spectrum in the chambers led to reproduce e x t re me weat he r cond it ion s, suc h a s heat cond it ion s i n t he field s. W he n t h i s a na ly t ica l met hod wa s u sed for i nvest igat i ng heat- induced chalkiness in rice plants treated at high temperature (34ºC), the system was capable of sampling a picoliter cell sap from the attached tissues with a high spatial-resolution, precisely manipulating at postsampling, and characterizing the metabol ites i n rea l t i me w it h a h ig h detec t ion se n sit iv it y w it h a good reproducibility. Additionally, the system could accurately ide nt i f y d i ffe re nces i n t he metabol ites a mong t reat me nt s. He nce, this method would be a highly robust approach without causing any temperature disturbance during sampling and potentially applicable to a number of cell-specific research, including heat- related damages in rice plants. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 90

to acc u rately a sse mble rea l v i r u s ge nomes acc u rately. Fu r t he r, PC10.25 CIRCADIAN REGULATION OF Sa nge r-sequenc i ng ba sed met hod s u sed i n t he pa st a re l i m ited PLANT RESPONSES TO HERBICIDES since they resort to sequence-based enrichment, oftentimes resulting in biased virus population sequencing. We present a novel SM RT-seque nc i ng ba sed met hod wh ic h ca n h ig h ly e n r ic h WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 14:05 c i rc u la r ssDNA molec u les w it hout a ny seque nce bia s a nd prov ide full length, accurate virus sequences at depth. We have validated ANTONY N DODD (UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, UNITED our method (christened CIDER-seq for Circular DNA Enrichment) KINGDOM), FIONA E BELBIN (UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, i n ca ssava sa mples col lec ted f rom field s i n West a nd Ea st A f r ica a nd UNITED KINGDOM), GAVIN HALL (SYNGENTA JEALOTT’S HILL have resolved t he popu lat ion s of gem i n iv i ra l i solates present . Si nce INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE, UNITED KINGDOM), CARL ou r en r ic h ment met hod i s not sequence dependent, we env i son it s FORMSTONE (SYNGENTA JEALOTT’S HILL INTERNATIONAL broader use in virus metagenomics for other circular DNA viruses RESEARCH CENTRE, UNITED KINGDOM), KEARA A FRANKLIN infecting plants, bacteria and vertebrates. (UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, UNITED KINGDOM)

[email protected] PC10.27 ELECTROPHORETIC PROFILE T he e ffec t ive ness of some he rbic ides depe nd s on t he t i me of day at which the herbicide is applied. Agriculturally, herbicides are AND HERITABILITY OF PEROXIDASIC sprayed at h ig h conce nt rat ion s mu lt iple t i mes pe r yea r to ma x i m i se ACTIVITIES IN THE TOLERANCE weed control. Identifying a particular time of day at which OF THEOBROMA CACAO AGAINST he rbic ides ca n be sprayed , to ma x i m i se e fficac y, cou ld reduce t he PHYTOPHTHORA MEGAKARYA, quantity of chemical used, reduce time and cost to consumers, while minimising potential environmental leaching. The mechanisms THE MOST AGRESSIVE AGENT OF u nde rly i ng t he t i me of day va r iat ion i n t he e fficac y of he rbic ides BLACK POD DISEASE are unknown. The circadian oscillator regulates a vast number of plant processes, and we hypothesize that circadian regulation WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 14:35 ha s a major role i n pla nt respon ses to he rbic ides. By combi n i ng t he e x pe r i me nta l powe r of A rabidopsi s t ha l ia na w it h a broad ra nge of CLAUDE SIMO (UNIVERSITY OF DOUALA, CAMEROON), FRANÇOIS approaches including chlorophyll fluorescence, bioluminescence P DJOCGOUE (UNIVERSITY OF YAHOUND, CAMEROON), EMILE imaging, RNA sequencing, and developmental phenotyping, the MINYAKA (UNIVERSITY OF DOUALA, CAMEROON), DENIS N processes underlying time of day variation in herbicide efficacy OMOKOLO (UNIVERSITY OF YAHOUND, CAMEROON) is being investigated for formulations containing glyphosate, mesotrione, and terbuthylazine. The mechanisms causing these [email protected] time of day responses are being investigated, including the extent of involvement of the circadian clock and phytohormone Blac k pod d i sea se cau sed by Phy topht hora mega ka r ya i s t he ma i n sig na l l i ng. We a re e x ploit i ng t hese resu lt s f rom A rabidopsi s to l i m it i ng fac tor i n t he produc t ion of cocoa. Pla nt s e x posed to biot ic determine the extent of conservation and homology of responses stresses exhibit changes in their physiology and metabolism. bet ween A rabidopsi s a nd com mon ag r ic u lt u ra l weed s. The study focused on the heritability and activity of peroxidases ( POX ) i n t wo hybr id popu lat ion s F13 (♀SNK13 x ♂T 79/467 ) a nd F79 (♀T 79/467 x ♂SN K13). T he resu lt s show t hat more tole ra nt and more productive hybrid genotypes (F1307, F1314, F7902, PC10.26 CIDER-SEQ: F7928) and more tolerant genotypes (F1315, F1313, F7926, AN UNBIASED LONG-READ ENRICHMENT F7907) relative to the best parent in the soluble (S) and bound SEQUENCING APPROACH FOR ACCURATE fractions (L) recorded a large amount of POX activity with small areas of necrotic lesion in contrast to less tolerant and productive DEEP SEQUENCING OF CIRCULAR ge not y pes ( F132 4, F130 8, F7915 a nd F7919) wh ic h acc u mu lated DNA VIRUSES a small amount of POX activity in large areas of necrotic lesion. A negative and significant correlation (P<0.01) was observed WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 14:20 bet wee n t he developme nt of nec rosi s a nd pe rox ida se ac t iv it ies. The profile of peroxidase isoforms (S) of the mesocarp of infected DEVANG MEHTA (INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR PLANT BIOLOGY pods revealed the existence of a specific form (A2) after infection ETH ZURICH, SWITZERLAND), MATTHIAS HIRSCH-HOFFMANN in tolerant genotypes. This isoform is linked to tolerance. The (INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR PLANT BIOLOGY, ETH ZURICH, heritability values of POX activity obtained in fractions (S) in the SWITZERLAND), WILHELM GRUISSEM (INSTITUTE OF F13 fa m i ly (♀SN K13 x ♂T 79 / 467 ) i n t he F79 fa m i ly (♀T 79 / 467 MOLECULAR PLANT BIOLOGY ETH ZURICH, SWITZERLAND), x♂SN K13) a re relat ively h ig h (0.69 a nd 0.6 4). T he e x i st i ng i sofor m HERVÉ VANDERSCHUREN (UNIVERSITY OF LIEGE, BELGIUM) (A 2) i n hybr id tole ra nt ge not y pes cou ld lead i n t he c reat ion of more produc t ive a nd tole ra nt va r iet ies ma k i ng it ava i lable to fa r me rs. [email protected] Key words : Theobroma cacao, Phytophthora megakarya, black pod disease, heritability, tolerance, peroxidases. Geminiviruses are circular ssDNA viruses that cause a significant a mou nt of crop da mage worldw ide, i n fec t i ng a w ide va r iet y of crop plants such as maize, tomato and cassava among others. Gem i n iv i r u s fa m i l ies a re la rge, d ive rse a nd compr i se nu me rou s spec ies sha r i ng a h ig h deg ree of seque nce si m i la r it y. T h i s prese nt s a unique challenge in sequencing geminivirus populations at depth since conventional short-read NGS methods are unable ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 91

PC10.28 TO GROW OR NOT TO GROW - PC10.29 PLANTLINK - A PLANT TRANSCRIPTIONAL RESPONSES SCIENCE NETWORK FOR EDUCATION, UNDERLYING REDUCED LATERAL RESEARCH AND INNOVATION ROOT DEVELOPMENT UNDER SALT STRESS CONDITIONS WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 15:05

ERIK ALEXANDERSSON (DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PROTECTION WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 14:50 SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, SWEDEN), TINA D’HERTEFELDT (DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY LUND MAGDALENA MARIA JULKOWSKA (KING ABDULLAH UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN) FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, SAUDI ARABIA), YONG WO (KING ABDULLAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, [email protected] SAUDI ARABIA), AYMAN EID (KING ABDULLAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, SAUDI ARABIA), CHRISTA PlantLink is a research network in the area of plant sciences in TESTERINK (UNIVERSITEIT VAN AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS), Southern Sweden formed in 2011 by Lund University and the MARK A TESTER (KING ABDULLAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences in Alnarp (SLU AND TECHNOLOGY, SAUDI ARABIA) A l na r p) w it h i n it ia l fi na nc ia l suppor t f rom t he Skå ne Reg iona l Council. PlantLink has about 30 associated principle investigators, [email protected] but t he la rge r net work gat he rs wel l above 30 0 pa r t ic ipa nt s, a l so resea rc he rs i n pr ivate e nte r pr i ses. A ssoc iated to Pla nt L i n k , a re Salt stress rapidly impacts the growth and development of seve ra l resea rc h g roups i n t he foref ront of pla nt sc ie nce. We wa nt different plant organs to different extents, leading to alterations to create an internationally leading research environment for in plant development and architecture. We hypothesize that pla nt sc ie nce w it h i n ou r foc u s a rea s. Ac t iv it ies w it h i n Pla nt L i n k t hose a lte rat ion s re flec t ea rly respon ses to sa lt st ress a nd prov ide should be attractive to foreign researchers and students, and significant contributions to salinity tolerance. Previous studies help young researchers to establish themselves. The long-term describe that high expression of Arabidopsis High Affinity+ K goal is to secure skills and knowledge for research leading to a Transporter (HKT1;1), sequestering sodium from the transpiration profitable, sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture. stream in root pericycle, results in increased salinity tolerance. Our To ac h ieve ou r objec t ives, we have ove r t he fi rst yea rs suppor ted preliminary results show that pericycle specific overexpression 18 ‘seed money’ projects to promote new collaborations, which of H K T1 resu lt s i n reduced late ra l root developme nt u nde r sa l i ne has led to major successive grants of around €8million, and cond it ion s. I nte rest i ng ly, t h i s e ffec t seem s to be spec i fic to d icot 12 peer-reviewed publications. Furthermore, our PlantLink spec ies, a s wheat l i nes w it h h ig h H K T1 e x pression do not show bioi n for mat ic ia n ha s suppor ted more t ha n 20 projec t s lead i ng to reduc t ion i n seconda r y late ra l root s. I n ou r st udy we ident i fied t he more than 15 publications. PlantLink has arranged 28 meetings t ra n sc r ipt iona l reg u lat ion of late ra l root development dow n st rea m and workshops, supported eight plant-specific PhD courses, of H K T1 t h roug h compa rat ive t ra n sc r iptom ic a na lysi s of t wo l i nes and run three rounds of its industrial mentorship program. w it h stela r ove re x pression of H K T1. A mong t he t ra n sc r ipt s t hat PlantLink is active in social media and has a monthly newsletter. were expressed differentially between HKT1 overexpression We a re cont i nuou sly i nte rac t i ng w it h ot he r resea rc h net work s lines and their background lines, we found genes involved in in the Scandinavian countries and the world and sponsors the cell differentiation, ABA signaling and transport. Further fou nd i ng u n ive rsit ies membe rsh ip i n t he Eu ropea n Pla nt Sc ience validation of identified candidate genes will enhance our Organisation (EPSO). We participate in public outreach events u nde rsta nd i ng of processes cont rol l i ng pla nt developme nt u nde r suc h a s Fa sc i nat ion of Pla nt s Day. abiot ic st ress cond it ion s a nd t he i mpor ta nce of root a rc h itec t u re for salinity tolerance. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 92

PC10.30 ASSESSING THE ROLE PC10.31 LIGHT CONTROLS OF IAA INACTIVATION ON AUXIN CYTOKININ-RELATED DEVELOPMENT HOMEOSTASIS IN PLANTS VIA ACTIVITY OF CKI1

WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 15:45 WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 16:00

RUBÉN CASANOVA-SÁEZ (UMEÅ PLANT SCIENCE CENTRE- TEREZA DOBISOVA (MASARYK UNIVERSITY CEITEC, CZECH SLU, SWEDEN), FEDERICA BRUNONI (UMEÅ PLANT SCIENCE REPUBLIC), VENDULA HRDINOVA (MASARYK UNIVERSITY CENTRE-UMEÅ UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), ALEŠ PĚNČÍK (PALACKÝ CEITEC, CZECH REPUBLIC), CANDELA CUESTA (IST AUSTRIA, UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY CAS, AUSTRIA), SARKA MICHLICKOVA (MASARYK UNIVERSITY CZECH REPUBLIC), ONDŘEJ NOVÁK (PALACKÝ UNIVERSITY CEITEC, CZECH REPUBLIC), IVANA URBANKOVA (MASARYK INSTITUTE OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY CAS, CZECH UNIVERSITY CEITEC, CZECH REPUBLIC), ROMANA HEJATKOVA REPUBLIC), MICHAL KARADY (UMEÅ PLANT SCIENCE CENTRE- (MASARYK UNIVERSITY CEITEC, CZECH REPUBLIC), PETRA SLU, SWEDEN), CATHERINE BELLINI (UMEÅ PLANT SCIENCE ZADNIKOVA (MASARYK UNIVERSITY AND IST AUSTRIA, CZECH CENTRE-UMEÅ UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), KARIN LJUNG (UMEÅ REPUBLIC), MARKETA PERNISOVA (MASARYK UNIVERSITY PLANT SCIENCE CENTRE-SLU, SWEDEN) CEITEC, CZECH REPUBLIC), EVA BENKOVA (MASARYK UNIVERSITY AND IST AUSTRIA, AUSTRIA), JAN HEJATKO [email protected] (MASARYK UNIVERSITY CEITEC, CZECH REPUBLIC)

Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the main auxin in plants, is an [email protected] i mpor ta nt hor mone t hat reg u lates nu me rou s processes i n pla nt growth and development. IAA-mediated growth depends Cytokinin responses in plants are mediated via a multistep on the continual formation IAA maxima and minima along phosphorelay ( M SP) pat hway. T he con st it ut ively ac t ive sen sor plant tissues, which are achieved by transport, biosynthesis, histidine kinase CYTOKININ INDEPENDENT-1 (CKI1) acts conjugation and degradation mechanisms. Whilst significant through the MSP to execute its vital regulatory role in the control progress has been made in understanding auxin transport of female gametophyte and vasculature development. However, and biosynthesis, the control of auxin homeostasis by IAA the upstream factors controlling CKI1 remain elusive. Using conjugation and degradation remains less well understood. forward genetic approach we identifiedhy1-7 , a new muta nt a l lele Here we present the identification of the DIOXYGENASE FOR in HEME OXYGENASE 1 (HY1) gene, whose activity is indispensable AU X I N OX I DAT ION 1 (At DAO1) en z y me, wh ic h cata ly zes t he for spatiotemporally correct CKI1 e x pression pat te r n . H Y1 loc u s major pathway for auxin degradation in Arabidopsis thaliana. encodes a heme oxygenase involved in biosynthesis of PΦB, a Loss-of-function mutations in AtDAO1 blocked IAA oxidation chromophore molecule essential for functional light receptors and elevated the levels of the auxin conjugates IAA-Asp and phytochromes (phys). Our analysis confirmed the phytochrome- IAA-Glu, while IAA levels remained close to wild type. Our dependent light regulation of CKI1 e x pression . C ha nges i n CKI1 data from in vivo labelling, IAA metabolite profiling, gene expression pattern observed in hy1-7 a nd phy muta nt s cor relate e x pression a na lysi s a nd mat he mat ica l model l i ng e x pe r i me nt s with misregulation of MSP signaling, changed cytokinin consistently indicate that IAA conjugation and oxidation sensitivity and developmental aberrations associated with pathways redundantly maintain IAA homeostasis in plant tissues. cytokinin and/or CKI1 ac t ion . O u r resu lt s show t hat phy toc h rome To understand the importance of IAA inactivation for auxin A (phyA) i s f u nc t ion i ng a s bot h posit ive a nd negat ive reg u lator of homeostasis during plant evolution, we are now studying the CKI1 expression and presumably controls CKI1 via light-controlled IAA inactivation pathways in Picea abies (Norway spruce). Our transcription factors PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR prel i m i na r y resu lt s i nd icate t hat ox I A A i s a nat ive metabol ite i n 3 ( PI F3) a nd C I RC A DI A N C LOC K A SSOC I AT E D 1 (CC A1), bot h spruce seedlings, and that it accumulates after IAA application. of which we have shown to recognize CKI1 promoter. We also I A A-A sp a nd I A A- Glu a re prese nt i n muc h h ig he r conce nt rat ion s demonstrate novel role of phyA-dependent CKI1 expression than oxIAA, suggesting that IAA is preferably inactivated in the hypocotyl elongation and hook development during by conjugation rather than by oxidation in spruce. Moreover, skotomorphogenesis. Based on these results, we propose the we identified putative spruce homologs to AtDAO1 and we are light-dependent regulation of CKI1 as a plausible mechanistic c u r re nt ly i nvest igat i ng wh ic h of t hese ge nes accou nt s for I A A link underlying the well-known interaction between light- and ox idat ion i n spr uce. cytokinin-controlled plant development. Supported by LQ1601, 15-22000S and 13-25280S. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 93

PC10.32 FLORAL HETEROMORPHY PC10.33 UNRAVELLING THE FUNCTION IN PRIMULA: NEW INSIGHTS FOR OF THE RICE ORTHOLOGUES OF THE AN OLD MODEL F-BOX GENE HAWAIIAN SKIRT (HWS) IN PLANT DEVELOPMENT WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 16:15 WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 16:30 JONATHAN M COCKER (JOHN INNES CENTRE, UNITED KINGDOM), JINHONG LI (JOHN INNES CENTRE, UNITED RITA SARAH BORNA (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, UNITED KINGDOM), JONATHAN WRIGHT (EARLHAM INSTITUTE, UNITED KINGDOM), JEREMY A ROBERTS (UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH, KINGDOM), MARGARET A WEBSTER (UNIVERSITY OF EAST UNITED KINGDOM), ZINNIA H GONZALEZ-CARRANZA ANGLIA, UNITED KINGDOM), MARK MCMULLAN (EARLHAM (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, UNITED KINGDOM) INSTITUTE, UNITED KINGDOM), SARAH DYER (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL BOTANY, UNITED KINGDOM), [email protected] DAVID SWARBRECK (EARLHAM INSTITUTE, UNITED KINGDOM), MARIO CACCAMO (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL The F-box gene HAWAIIAN SKIRT (HWS) plays a significant role BOTANY, UNITED KINGDOM), COCK VAN OOSTERHOUT in overall plant development and timing of floral abscission in (UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA, UNITED KINGDOM), PHILIP M Arabidiopsis1 . So, t he i nvest iget ion of t he role of HWS orthologues GILMARTIN (UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA, UNITED KINGDOM) in rice (Oryza sativa) is important for crop improvement. ERECTA PANNICLE3 (EP3)3 and Oryza sativa HAWAIIAN SKIRT [email protected] (OsHWS) genes of rice are the functional orthologues of HWS from Arabidopsis (Gon za lez et a l, u npubl i shed data). T he loss of The genetic and evolutionary basis of floral heteromorphy function mutant ep3 c reates a n e rec t pa n ic le phenot y pe i n r ice 3 . EP3 in Primula has been debated for over 150 years. Charles a l so plays a role i n reg u lat i ng stomata l g ua rd cel l developme nt 2 . Darwin first demonstrated the significance of the two floral To further understand the role of these genes in rice development, morphs, pin and thrum, with their reciprocal anther and t he present st udy i nvolves t he gene rat ion of a se r ies of t ra n sgen ic stigma heights, by showing that within-morph crosses lines including reporter promoter fusions, loss of function mutants, result in reduced seed set. This key innovation, which downregulation and ectopic expression. EP3pro::UTR::GFP serves to physically promote insect-mediated out-crossing, and OsHWSpro::UTR::RFP lines show co-expression in evolved independently in over 28 angiosperm families. several organs and tissues. These results will be presented. The Primula S locus, which regulates heterostyly and self- 1 Gonzalez-Carranza ZH, Rompa U, Peters JL, Bhatt AM, i ncompat ibi l it y, i s por t rayed a s a ‘supe rgene’, a c lu ste r of t ig ht ly- Wagstaff C, Stead AD and Roberts JA (2007). HAWAIIAN linked genes inherited as an allelic unit. It is predicted that self- SKIRT - an F-box gene that regulates organ fusion and fertile homostyle flowers, with anthers and stigma at the same growth in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology. 144: 1370-1382 heig ht , a r i se v ia ra re recombi nat ion eve nt s bet wee n dom i na nt a nd 2 Yu H, Murchie EH, González-Carranza ZH, Pyke KA recessive alleles in heterozygous thrums; such studies contributed and Roberts JA (2015). Decreased photosynthesis in the to the foundation of modern genetic theory and constitute a erect panicle 3 (ep3) mutant of rice is associated with model t hat u nde r pi n s ove r 6 0 yea rs of resea rc h i nto hete rost yly. reduced stomatal conductance and attenuated guard cell We show that the S locus is hemizygous in thrums, not development, JExpBot. 66: 1543-1552. doi:10.1093/jxb/eru525 heterozygous, comprising five thrum-specific genes that are 3 P iao R , Jia ng W, Ha m T H , C hoi M S, Q iao Y, C hu SH , Pa rk J H , Woo absent from pins; homostyles are therefore a result of mutation, MO, Ji n Z , A n G , L ee J a nd Koh H J (20 0 9) Map -ba sed c lon i ng of t he not recombination. Our assembly of the Primula vulgaris genome ERECT PANICLE3 gene in rice. Theor Appl Genet. 119: 1497-1506 allowed us to identify the S locus genes and surrounding genomic reg ion s, est i mate t he a sse mbly of t he supe rge ne at 51.7 M YA , a nd revea l con se r ved ge net ic a rc h itec t u re ac ross t he P r i mu laceae. T hese fi nd i ngs represe nt novel i n sig ht i nto t he st r uc t u re a nd or ig i n of the Primula S loc u s, prov id i ng a plat for m for ide nt i ficat ion a nd evolut iona r y a na lysi s of t he genes a nd dow n st rea m pat hways t hat regulate outcrossing in Primula a nd ot he r hete rost ylou s spec ies. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 94

Distribution mapping highlighted distinct elevational and PC10.34 PHYTOCHROME-MEDIATED lat it ud i na l e ffec t s on spec ies presence a nd abu nda nce, w it h some RED:FAR-RED LIGHT SIGNALING IN evidence for vegetational effects on distributions. Bioclimatic d i ffe rent iat ion capt u red by SDM wa s a ssoc iated w it h cont ra st i ng THE SHOOT CONTROLS ROOT anatomical and physiological traits. Projected distributions DEVELOPMENT IN ARABIDOPSIS under the 2070 scenario suggested extreme vulnerability to upslope shifting of bioclimate envelopes in montane species. WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 16:45 At a regional scale, the distributions of CAM tank-epiphyte bromeliads are strongly influenced by broad environmental CHIAKAI KANG (PLANT ECOPHYSIOLOGY INSTITUTE gradients acting on species structural and functional traits. OF ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY UTRECHT UNIVERSITY, Topography generates a complex climatic mosaic that modulates NETHERLANDS), KASPER VAN GELDEREN (PLANT ge ne ra l pat te r n s. At t he la nd scape sca le, vegetat iona l composit ion ECOPHYSIOLOGY INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY ca n be a n i mpor ta nt fac tor. W it h i n i nd iv idua l ca nopies, phenot y pic UTRECHT UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS), RONALD PIERIK plasticity leads to only weak differentiation in microhabitat (PLANT ECOPHYSIOLOGY INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL preferences. This investigation highlights how interspecific BIOLOGY UTRECHT UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS) va r iat ion i n lea f t ra it comple xes i s a n i mpor ta nt a nd u nde re x plored cont r ibutor to bromel iad ecolog ica l d ive rsit y. C l i mate c ha nge cou ld [email protected] lead to loss of suitable habitat for more environmentally-specialised species, potentially leading to extinctions. Pla nt s u se l ig ht qua l it y c ha nges to detec t compet i ng neig hbors. This occurs through detection of Far-Red (FR) light reflected f rom nea rby leaves t hat lowe rs t he Red :Fa r-Red ( R :F R) rat io a nd i nduces t he shade avoida nce sy nd rome (SA S). T hese i nc lude shoot PC10.8 STICKY NET-WORK: elongation to grow towards the light, upward leaf movement early THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF flowering. Although these responses are well studied, very little is THE SEED MUCILAGE ENVELOPE known about effects of light quality on root development. To study this, we used a vertical agar plate system where the root system was shielded from light. We show that low R:FR exposure of the shoot WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION suppresses late ra l root e me rge nce, a nd sl ig ht ly i n h ibit s pr i ma r y root length. This process is mediated by a mobile signal from the AGNIESZKA KREITSCHITZ (ZOOLOGICAL INSTITUTE: shoot to the root upon low R:FR. Outgrowth of the lateral root FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY AND BIOMECHANICS KIEL primordia is subsequently halted in a PIN3 and LAX3-dependent UNIVERSITY, GERMANY), STANISLAV N GORB (ZOOLOGICAL manner, thus interfering with auxin transport in the cortex cells INSTITUTE: FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY AND BIOMECHANICS overlaying the primordia. As a result, lateral root emergence KIEL UNIVERSITY, GERMANY) is arrested. [email protected]

Mucilage secreting cells (MSCs) are characteristic element of fruit PC10.7 LEAF PHYSIOLOGY AND and seed coat and are able to produce the mucilage envelope after THE DISTRIBUTION OF CAM TANK- hyd rat ion . T h i s phe nome non i s a n i mpor ta nt adaptat ion to d roug ht EPIPHYTE BROMELIADS AT MULTIPLE habitats in many families of angiosperms. Mucilage envelope is a complex of three main polysaccharides i.e. pectins, hemicelluloses SPATIAL SCALES a nd cel lu lose a nd i s d iv ided i n d i ffe re nt pla nt spec ies i nto pec t ic a nd cellulose mucilage. The first one is characteristic of e.g.Linaceae . WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION T he second t y pe i s w idely spread i n d i ffe re nt pla nt fa m i l ies l i ke e.g. Asteraceae, Lamiaceae or Brassicaceae. T he muc i lage e nvelope JAMIE MALES (UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, UNITED is considered as rich in pectins, modified secondary cell wall. Due KINGDOM), HOWARD GRIFFITHS (UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, to the presence of pectins after hydration, the mucilaginous UNITED KINGDOM) cell wall forms an easily accessible, gel-like envelope. Using Critical Point Drying and SEM we demonstrated the spatial, [email protected] structural organization of the mucilaginous envelope. It revealed characteristic net-like loose arrangement of the components. Trait-mediated divergences in bioclimatic relations Pec t ic muc i lage had a fibr i l la r y, ta ng led a rc h itec t u re. T he second could represent an important mode for the evolution of type demonstrated more ordered organization. The cellulose plant diversity, but this effect is sparsely documented. occ u r red i n a for m of long, u nbra nc hed fibr i ls for m i ng a sca ffold To investigate this topic, we examined the distributions for the rest of components i.e. pectins and hemicelluloses. They of epiphytic CAM tank-bromeliads of the genus Aechmea were visible as shorter, linear or branched chains spread between across the Northern Range of Trinidad (West Indies). fibr i l s a nd cove r i ng t hei r su r face. O u r resu lt s a l lowed u s to d i sc u ss Field surveys were carried out to map species distributions. t he relat ion sh ip bet ween st r uc t u re, mor pholog y a nd f u nc t ion of Structural-functional characterisation of representative t he muc i lage e nvelope. plants was undertaken, and species distribution modelling (SDM) performed to determine which environmental factors and species traits are involved in niche segregation. Modelled projections of distributions on Tobago were ground-truthed, and projections of distributions under an aggressive 2070 climate scenario were performed. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 95

PC10.9 IS AN AUXIN SIGNALING PC10.10 COMPARATIVE MOLECULAR MODULE REGULATING THE ROOT SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF GENES UNDERLYING ARCHITECTURE IN PICEA ABIES DOMESTICATION TRAITS IN BARLEY (NORWAY SPRUCE) SEEDLINGS? WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION BEATA I CZAJKOWSKA (UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER, FEDERICA BRUNONI (UMEÅ PLANT SCIENCE CENTRE DEPT OF UNITED KINGDOM), TERRY A BROWN (UNIVERSITY OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY UMEÅ UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), NICOLAS MANCHESTER, UNITED KINGDOM) DELHOMME (UMEÅ PLANT SCIENCE CENTRE DEPT OF FOREST GENETICS AND PLANT PHYSIOLOGY SLU, SWEDEN), KARIN [email protected] LJUNG (UMEÅ PLANT SCIENCE CENTRE DEPT OF FOREST GENETICS AND PLANT PHYSIOLOGY SLU, SWEDEN), CATHERINE Ev ide nce gat he red f rom l iv i ng pla nt s a nd pa r t ic u la rly f rom t ra it s BELLINI (UMEÅ PLANT SCIENCE CENTRE DEPT OF PLANT a ssu med to have bee n ta rgeted by selec t ion du r i ng domest icat ion i s PHYSIOLOGY UMEÅ UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN) one of t he pr i nc ipa l sou rces of i n for mat ion on t he or ig i n a nd spread of domest icated pla nt s. A t re nd towa rd s i nc rea si ng seed si ze i s one [email protected] of the easiest phenoty pic d i fferences to study in archaeological remains. Seed size is also positively correlated with yield, the The root system of terrestrial plants is responsible for anchorage to u lt i mate ag ronom ic t ra it. We i nvest igated t he d ive rsit y of t wo genes, the substrate as well as for minerals and water supply. The capacity Hv C K X1 (c y tok i n i n ox ida se/de hyd rogena se gene) a nd HvWA K1 to f u l fi l l t hese f u nc t ion s i s h ig h ly dependent on it s a rc h itec t u re. (wa l l a ssoc iated k i na se gene) i n a n e x ten sive ra nge of geo -refe renced Root syste m a rc h itec t u re ( R SA) i s dete r m i ned by root g row t h , wild barley accessions (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum) and branching through lateral root (LR) formation, and root angle. historical barley domesticates (Hordeum vulgare ssp.vulgare) via Overall, the RSA depends on the spatiotemporal regulation of Sanger sequencing. HvCKX1 regulates the levels of cytokinins, i nd iv idua l L R i n it iat ion ( L R I ) eve nt s. A spec i fic subset of au x i n / which are important plant hormones playing a role in growth and indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) and auxin response factor (ARF) developme nt . A lowe r C K X1 e n z y me ac t iv it y ha s a posit ive e ffec t t ra n sc r ipt ion fac tors protei n we re fou nd to be i nvolved i n L R F. on pla nt produc t iv it y, i nc rea si ng g ra i n weig ht a nd t he nu mbe r of Au x / I A A s a nd A R Fs e x i st a s la rge, f u nc t iona l ly redu nda nt protei n seed s pe r pla nt a nd a l so i nc rea si ng root ma ss. HvWA K1 ha s a more fa m i l ies a nd t hey a re evolut iona r y con se r ved i n pla nt s. T he rece nt spec i fic i mpac t on root g row t h . O u r resu lt s i nd icate t hat Hv C K X1 but availability of the Norway spruce (Picea abies) genome sequence not HvWAK1 responded to human selection during domestication, a l lowed u s to ca r r y out a compre he n sive ge nome -w ide a na lysi s of implying that early farmers selected for seed size rather than the t hese t wo ge ne fa m i l ies i n t h i s con i fe r. About 70 % of t he ide nt i fied overall growth vigour of the plant. PaAux/IAAandPaARFgene structures are incomplete/partial a nd , most l i kely, some of t he m resu lt f rom a sse mbly a r t i fac t s. We a re c u r rent ly ma nua l ly rev iew i ng ca nd idate ge nes to ac h ieve a more accurate gene assembly.In silicoexpression analysis showed PC10.11 POTATO TUBERIZATION - thatPaAux/IAAand PaARFgenes are expressed in various UNTANGLING THE RELATIONSHIPS tissues/organs throughout the adult plant, but different members d i splayed prefe re nce to pa r t ic u la r orga n s. Fu r t he r R NA-Seq ba sed WITHIN MULTICOMPONENT transcriptome analysis revealed thatPaAux/IAAsandPaARFsare SIGNALIZATION NETWORK also expressed in young spruce seedlings. The genetic conservation of t he reg u lator y net work compone nt s k now n to cont rol L R I i n WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION other species suggests that a similar molecular mechanism m ight a lso deter m i ne R SA i n spr uce seed l i ngs. T he f u nc t iona l sig n i fica nce of t hei r con se r vat ion w i l l be f u r t he r a na ly zed . HANA SEVCIKOVA (DEPARTMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY FACULTY OF SCIENCES CHARLES UNIVERSITY, CZECH REPUBLIC), PETRA MASKOVA (DEPARTMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY FACULTY OF SCIENCES CHARLES UNIVERSITY, CZECH REPUBLIC), LENKA STUPECKA (DEPARTMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY FACULTY OF SCIENCES CHARLES UNIVERSITY, CZECH REPUBLIC), DANUSE TARKOWSKA (LABORATORY OF GROWTH REGULATORS PALACKY UNIVERSITY AND INSTITUTE OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY ASCR, CZECH REPUBLIC), HELENA LIPAVSKA (DEPARTMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY FACULTY OF SCIENCES CHARLES UNIVERSITY, CZECH REPUBLIC)

[email protected]

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is the third most important world crop, henceforth understanding the regulations of tuber onset i s c r uc ia l f rom bot h t heoret ica l a nd prac t ica l poi nt s of v iew. T h i s process is controlled by complex network of external (such as photope r iod , te mpe rat u re or n it roge n supply) a nd i nte r na l fac tors. Photosynthesis and related carbohydrate status along with ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 96

phy tohor mone ba la nce belong to t he esse nt ia l fac tors i n it s i nte r na l reg u lat ion . I n ou r work we u sed potato c v. Lada a nd it s sponta neou sly PC10.13 HIGH LIGHT INDUCES tuberizing mutant grown in vitro under photoautotrophic conditions miRNAs EXPRESSION CHANGES IN to elucidate the responsibility of gibberellins and carbohydrates conte nt s a nd d i st r ibut ion c ha nges for obse r ved phe not y pes. Ba sed PHOTOSYNTHETIC TISSUES AND ROOTS on the results and expressions of main tuber-inducing marker genes (such as StSP6A and StBEL5) a long w it h i n for mat ion about WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION sacc ha r ide ph loe m flow d r iv i ng t hei r mobi l it y we propose t hat t he re are two interconnected pathways, gibberellin- and saccharide- ANNA K BARCZAK-BRZYŻEK (WARSAW UNIVERSITY OF LIFE dependent ones, w it h t he powe r to outcompete eac h ot he r prov id i ng SCIENCES, POLAND), BARBARA KARPINSKA (UNIVERSITY t hat t he sig na l i s e x t re mely st rong. OF LEEDS, UNITED KINGDOM), MARCIN FILIPECKI (WARSAW UNIVERISTY OF LIFE SCIENCES, POLAND)

[email protected] PC10.12 PLANT RESISTANCE ECOLOGY: INFLUENCE OF PLANT RESISTANCE ON Plants as sessile organisms are continuously exposed to variable stress conditions. Diurnal and seasonal fluctuations of light intensity BIOCONTROL OF HERBIVORES and spectra result in episodes of excess energy. Complex response to such dynamic changes requires a coordinated communication at WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION the cellular level but also between leaves and roots. In recent years m ic roR NA s (m i R NA s), ha s bee n show n to reg u late ge ne e x pression DANIELA WEBER (SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL i n a nu mbe r of pla nt developme nta l processes a nd st ress respon se. SCIENCES, SWEDEN), PAUL EGAN (DEPARTMENT OF Despite its significance the role of miRNAs in light stress signaling and PLANT PROTECTION BIOLOGY SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF acc l i mat ion wa s not su ffic ie nt ly st ud ied . To dete r m i ne i f e x pression AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, SWEDEN), LARS ERICSON ERICSON of miRNAs is regulated by light both in light-stressed shoots and (DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE dark-grown roots we used Arabidopsis thaliana plants growing in UMEÅ UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), ANNE MUOLA (DEPARTMENT hydroponics conditions. Physiological response in low light acclimated OF ECOLOGY SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL plants exposed to high light stress was analyzed using chlorophyll SCIENCES, SWEDEN), JOHAN STENBERG (DEPARTMENT OF fluoresce nce pa ra mete rs. Add it iona l ly, t he e x pression of seve ra l ge nes PLANT PROTECTION BIOLOGY SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF k now n a s a ma rke rs of redox c ha nges wa s e xa m i ned i n l ig ht- e x posed AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, SWEDEN) shoots and dark-grown roots. Expression of selected miRNAs were also st ud ied i n t he t i me cou rse. Obse r ved c ha nges i n m i R NA s e x pression [email protected] were dynamic and different for both organs. Interestingly, when root s we re sepa rated f rom shoot s before h ig h l ig ht t reat ment, l ig ht Biolog ica l cont rol of i n sec t pest s a nd i nt r i n sic pla nt resi sta nce a re had no effect on expression of selected miRNAs. Our results proved two fundamental parts of integrated pest management. Yet, altering t hat m i R NA s e x pression i s modu lated by h ig h l ig ht t reat ment. St ress plant quality traits like resistance can affect performance and sig na l, of u n k now n nat u re, i s i nduced i n roset tes a nd t ravel s t h roug h abu nda nce of biolog ica l cont rol age nt s. Usi ng wood la nd st rawbe r r y the plant to roots to affect miRNAs expression. (Fragaria vesca) a s model system , t he a i m of t h i s projec t i s to test how and to what extent biological control is affected by variation in intrinsic plant resistance. The high within-species genetic variation of Fragaria vesca ma kes it idea l model system to e xa m i ne PC10.14 SOUND WAVE AFFECTS the resistance effects on the Strawberry Leaf beetle(Galerucella THE EXPRESSION OF ETHYLENE tenella) a s wel l a s to i nvest igate t he scope of pla nt med iated e ffec t s on BIOSYNTHESIS-RELATED GENES pe r for ma nce of nat u ra l enem ies. Cu r rent resu lt s f rom e x pe r i ment s with the associated parasitoid Asecodes parviclava (Hymenoptera: THROUGH CONTROL OF TRANSCRIPTION Eulophidae) show that resistant plant genotypes can facilitate FACTORS RIN AND HB-1 successf u l biolog ica l cont rol. T he i n sig ht s ga i ned t h roug hout t he projec t may ope n up novel oppor t u n it ies to desig n f ut u re st rawbe r r y WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION varieties that support functional tritrophic interactions. MI JEONG JEONG (RURAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION(RDA), KOREA (SOUTH)), JOO YEOL KIM (RURAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION(RDA), KOREA (SOUTH)), SOO IN LEE (RURAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION(RDA), KOREA (SOUTH)), JIN A KIM (RURAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION(RDA), KOREA (SOUTH))

[email protected]

We prev iou sly repor ted t hat sou nd wave t reat me nt (1 k H z) delays fruit ripening in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), affecting the expression of ethylene biosynthesis-related genes encoding 1-a m i noc yc lopropa ne 1- ca rbox yl ic ac id (ACC) sy nt ha ses (AC S) a nd ACC ox ida ses (ACO). I n t h i s st udy, we i nvest igated t he ac t iv it y of t he t ra n sc r ipt ion fac tors R I N a nd H B -1, wh ic h f u nc t ion i n t he ethylene biosynthetic pathway, in response to sound treatment. To investigate whether RIN and HB-1 directly activate the ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 97

transcription of ACS and ACO, we performed transcriptional activation analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana leaf protoplasts, PC10.36 MOLECULAR CYTOGENETIC t ra n sient ly e x pressi ng R I N or H B -1 a nd u si ng repor te r con st r uc t s IDENTIFICATION OF A NOVEL w it h promote rs of t he tomato AC S a nd ACO genes. Ac t ivat ion of t he TRITICALE-WHEAT 2R SUBSTITUTION endogenou s At AC S a nd At ACO genes wa s a lso mea su red by qPC R . The RIN- and HB-1-induced expression of these genes decreased, LINE WITH TWO TRANSLOCATIONS but the HB-1-induced expression of some genes increased after (1BL.1RS AND 6BS.6RL) POSSESSING sou nd t reat ment. To con fi r m t hese resu lt s, we pe r for med t ra n sient RESISTANCE TO YELLOW RUST AND assays i n Nicot ia na tabac u m, wh ich produced resu lts si m i la r to those observed in Arabidopsis. The major ethylene biosynthesis- DROUGHT TOLERANCE related genes harbor a CArG-box as a RIN-binding motif. These findings indicate that RIN and HB-1 affect the expression of ethylene WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION biosy nt hesi s-related genes i n respon se to sou nd t reat ment, a nd t hey suggest t hat R I N may reg u late t he et hyle ne biosy nt hesi s-related NAVDEEP SINGH JAMWAL (CSK HIMACHAL PRADESH ge nes by bi nd i ng to t hei r C A r G -boxes. AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, INDIA), HARINDER KUMAR CHAUDHARY (CSK HIMACHAL PRADESH AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, INDIA), ANILA BADIYAL (CSK HIMACHAL PRADESH AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, INDIA), JS PAT HESLOP HARRISON PC10.35 OPTIMIZATION OF (UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER, UNITED KINGDOM), TRUDE REGENERATION AND TRANSFORMATION SCHWARZACHER (UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER, UNITED KINGDOM) IN SESAMUM INDICUM L. CULTIVAR [email protected] JK-1 FOR STUDYING TISSUE Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is the major staple food crop of North- SPECIFIC PROMOTERS Weste r n H i ma laya n reg ion of I nd ia. Bei ng u nde r ra i n fed c u lt ivat ion in the variable and harsh climate, the crops in this region are WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION inevitably exposed to various abiotic and biotic stresses. The sustainable way to introduce resistance in elite wheat cultivars is ANIRBAN JYOTI DEBNATH (BOSE INSTITUTE, INDIA) through incorporation of desirable agronomic traits from potential w i ld relat ives l i ke r ye (Secale cereale) a nd t r it ica le (x Triticosecale) [email protected] through wide hybridization followed by artificial chromosome doubling. Keeping this into account the present investigation For crop improvement of Sesamum indicum, heterosis breeding was formulated to develop 139 stable wheat-rye recombinants by can be an approach in which a male sterile/restorer line of involving Himalayan rye, five diverse triticale lines and 15 elite sesa me i s necessa r y. Ma le ste r i l it y ca n be ac h ieved by si le nc i ng wheat cultivars through Imperata cylindrica-mediated chromosome of anther specific genes. For this approach, study of tapetum el i m i nat ion approac h of doubled haploidy breed i ng. T he molec u la r spec i fic promote r i s a pe rqu i site phenomenon . Si nce sesa me i s a n c y togenet ic tools l i ke Genom ic i n sit u hybr id izat ion (GISH ) a nd e x t re mely reca lc it ra nt pla nt, rege ne rat ion protocol of t h i s pla nt fluorescencein situ hybridization (FISH) revealed one line namely was standardised at first for this study. Various combinations DT126 x VL829 carrying novel translocation (6BS.6RL) as well of 6-benzylaminopurin, thidiazuron, α-napthalinic acetic acid, as substitution (2D.2R) besides 1BL.1RS. In vitro studies for the indole acetic acid, indole butyric acid and gibberellic acid were used estimation of cultivar tolerance towards drought were carried out in to sta nda rd i se eac h step of orga noge nesi s, shoot elongat ion a nd cont rol led cond it ion s u si ng PEG - 6 0 0 0 whe re t he sa me l i ne e x h ibited root induction. Among the different types of tried explants, best sig n i fica nt va lues for shoot le ng t h , f resh shoot weig ht, f resh a s wel l regene rat ion f requenc y (9 4. 82±1. 34%) wa s obta i ned f rom 4 days old a s d r y root weig ht a nd d roug ht tole ra nce i nde x de mon st rat i ng it a s a cotyledon. To find an anther specific gene, sesame anther specific drought tolerant line. Field evaluation for desirable agronomic traits cDNA-subtracted library was created and screened thoroughly. One showed sig n i fica nt ly bet te r pe r for ma nce of t h i s l i ne for y ield a nd EST having homology with β-1, 3 g luca na se wa s i solated . Upst rea m related t ra it s u nde r con side rat ion . Fu r t he r t he l i ne wa s fou nd to be element of the gene was identified by promoter walking, cloned in highly resistant towards yellow rust in the field. Hence this novel pPZ PY112 vec tor a nd wa s f u sed w it h GUS repor te r ge ne. TA 29 i s a a nd pote nt ia l wheat r ye recombi na nt ca n be u sed i n f ut u re wheat known anther specific gene ofNicotiana tabacum. P romote r of TA 29 improvement programmes. se r ved a s cont rol i n t h i s st udy. T he promote r reg ion of TA 29 wa s amplified fromNicotiana ge nom ic DNA a nd c loned i n pC A M BI A 2301 and was fused with GUS reporter gene. Agrobacterium tumefaciencs A4 4 0 4 wa s t ra n sfor med by bot h t he con st r uc t s. Bot h con st r uc t s were used for Agrobacterium-mediated t ra n sfor mat ion of sesa me, taking Nicotiana a s cont rol. Tra n sgen ic l i nes of sesa me a nd Nicotiana were raised and confirmed by PCR and southern hybridisation. Anther-specific GUS expression of the both promoters were v i sua l i sed by sec t ion i ng of a nt he r. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 98

PC10.37 EFFECTS OF INTERACTION PC10.38 THE CROSSABILITY AND BETWEEN RED TO FAR-RED RATIO OF CHARACTERISTICS ANALYSIS OF LIGHT AND ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY F1 HYBRID BETWEEN TRANSGENIC ON EXTENSION GROWTH OF CUCUMIS BRASSICA NAPUS AND B. RAPA SATIVUS SEEDLINGS WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION SOO-IN SOHN (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL TOSHIO SHIBUYA (OSAKA PREFECTURE UNIVERSITY, JAPAN), SCIENCES, KOREA (SOUTH)), YOUNG-JU OH (INSTITUTE OF SAKI KISHIGAMI (OSAKA PREFECTURE UNIVERSITY, JAPAN), FUTURE ENVIRONMENTAL ECOLOGY CO. LTD., KOREA (SOUTH)), RYOSUKE ENDO (OSAKA PREFECTURE UNIVERSITY, JAPAN), KYEONG-RYEOL LEE (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL RYO MATSUDA (THE UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO, JAPAN) SCIENCES, KOREA (SOUTH)), HYUN-SUK CHO (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, KOREA (SOUTH)), [email protected] ANCHEOL CHANG (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, KOREA (SOUTH)), DOH-WON YUN (NATIONAL Pla nt respon ses to red to fa r-red rat io ( R : F R) of l ig ht a re wel l k now n i n INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, KOREA (SOUTH)), ma ny spec ies, but i nte rac t ion w it h ot he r fac tors i s less wel l k now n . GANG-SEOB LEE (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL Better understanding of the possible interactions help interpret SCIENCES, KOREA (SOUTH)), SUNG-DUG OH (NATIONAL the results obtained under different environmental conditions. INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, KOREA (SOUTH)), In the present study, we investigated effects of the interaction YEON-HEE LEE (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL bet ween R :F R a nd at mosphe r ic hu m id it y on stem elongat ion a nd SCIENCES, KOREA (SOUTH)) leaf expansion. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seedlings were grown at a vapor-pressu re de fic it ( V PD) of 0.4 or 3.0 k Pa at a n a i r tempe rat u re [email protected] of 28°C , w it h a n i l lu m i nat ion R :F R rat io of 1.0 or 10 for 7 days a f te r germination, and determined their growth properties, carbon A nu mbe r of st ud ies have been conduc ted on hybr id i zat ion bet ween allocation and water status to identify factors that potentially transgenic Brassica napus a nd B. rapa or bac kc ross of F 1 hybr id to limit extension growth. The combination of low R:FR and low their parents. Trait changes of interspecific progenies must be V PD sy ne rg i st ica l ly st i mu lated ste m elongat ion . T h i s i nte rac t ion a na ly zed to eva luate hybr id su sta i nabi l it y i n nat u re. I n t he prese nt probably resu lted pa r t ia l ly f rom t he i nte rac t ion’s e ffec t on cel l-wa l l study, B. rapa a nd t ra n sge n ic (BrAGL20) B. napus we re hybr id i zed to e x ten sibi l it y a nd on t he d r iv i ng force (t u rgor) of i nd iv idua l cel ls, ve r i f y t he ea rly flowe r i ng phe nome non of F 1 hybr id s, a nd F 1 hybr id wh ic h respec t ively respond to c ha nges i n t he propor t ion of ac t ive traits were analyzed to predict their impact on sustainability. phytochrome and evaporative demand. Leaf expansion was also F1 hybrids bloomed later than transgenic B. napus, but without st i mu lated at low R :F R a nd low V PD, but u n l i ke ste m elongat ion , vernalization, owing to the expression of the BrAGL20 transgene. low VPD reduced the effect of R:FR on leaf expansion. This difference The size of F1 hybrid seeds was intermediate between those of can be explained by carbon resource competition between stems and B. rapa a nd t ra nsgen ic B. napus, a nd ~40% of F 1 pol len ex h ibited leaves. The carbon allocation to leaves decreased under low R:FR and abnormal size and morphology. The form of the F 1 stomata was also low VPD. This may limit leaf expansion and thereby moderate the intermediate between that of B. rapa a nd t ra n sgen ic B. napus, a nd t he variation of leaf expansion. nu mbe r of stomata wa s c lose to t he pa renta l mea n . A mong va r iou s fatty acids, the content of erucic acid exhibited the greatest change, ow i ng to t he poly mor ph i sm of pa renta l FATTY ACID ELONGASE 1

alleles. Furthermore, F2 hybr id s cou ld not be obta i ned . Howeve r, BC 1

progeny were obtained by hand pollination of B. rapa w it h F 1 hybr id pollen, with an outcrossing rate of 50%. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 99

filled with ice. During the reversible process of extracellular ice PC10.39 HOW DO CIRCADIAN accumulation, the living cells lose considerable amounts of water RHYTHMS INCREASE PLANT WATER but a re protec ted f rom bei ng da maged by i nte r na l ice c r ysta l g row t h . The whole structure of the stem guarantees a short distance between USE EFFICIENCY? the living cells and spaces for the ice crystal growth, promoting fast de hyd rat ion du r i ng f reez i ng a nd rapid re hyd rat ion upon t haw i ng. WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION

NORIANE M L SIMON (UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, UNITED KINGDOM), HIROSHI KUDOH (KYOTO UNIVERSITY, JAPAN), PC10.41 GENOMIC SURVEY OF ALISTAIR M HETHERINGTON (UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, ATP-BINDING CASSETTE (ABC) UNITED KINGDOM), ANTONY N DODD (UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, UNITED KINGDOM) TRANSPORTERS IN SORGHUM BICOLOR

[email protected] WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION

Reduced soil water availability represents a serious threat to CHARLES G OLOGIDI (NIGER DELTA UNIVERSITY, NIGERIA), modern agriculture, causing significant decreases in crop yield ODUNAYO J OLAWUYI (UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN, NIGERIA) worldw ide. C l i mate c ha nge i s pred ic ted to e xace rbate t h i s sit uat ion , w it h more f requent a nd longe r d roug ht s i n f ut u re. T he refore, it i s a [email protected] resea rc h pr ior it y to develop solut ion s for more su sta i nable u se of wate r i n ag r ic u lt u re. A s g loba l ag r ic u lt u re a lone represe nt s 70 % AT P-bi nd i ng ca sset te (A BC) t ra n spor te rs a re t he la rgest me mbe rs of human water consumption, one possible solution is to develop of diverse proteins constituting the most ancient families pla nt s t hat lose less, a nd so u se less, wate r. Ci rcad ia n rhy t h m s a re with representatives in all phyla from prokaryotes to humans. known to increase plant water use efficiency, but the mechanisms Systematic searches were performed using PSI-Blast program u nde r pi n n i ng t h i s phe nome non re ma i n u nc lea r. I a m e xa m i n i ng on NCBI to identify sorghum ABC transporters. The identified the involvement of circadian regulation in the water use efficiency proteins were subjected to phylogenetic and domain topology of higher plants, focusing upon the role of the circadian oscillator in a na lyses a nd we re c la ssi fied a nd na med accord i ng to t he Hu ma n stomatal guard cells. I am analysing Arabidopsis plants with altered Ge nome O rga n i sat ion ( H UGO) syste m of c la ssi ficat ion a nd u n i fied guard cell circadian clocks to better understand the relationship plant nomenclatural system. As part of the survey, the subcellular bet ween t he c i rcad ia n osc i l lator a nd stomata l ape r t u re. I a m a l so location, presence of signal peptide, and physicochemical u si ng sc reen i ng approac hes to f u r t he r i nvest igate t he cont r ibut ion pa ra mete rs we re dete r m i ned . T he resu lt s f rom t he ge nom ic su r vey of circadian regulation to plant water use. I have explored the showed t hat 10 0 A BC t ra n spor te rs we re ident i fied a nd c la ssi fied a s involvement of circadian regulation in stomatal movements in A BC B, A BCC , A BC D, A BC E , A BC F, a nd A BC I. Si x t y n i ne protei n s naturally-occurring populations of Arabidopsis halleri plants. encode intrinsic membrane proteins and 28 encode proteins without Overall, this work is providing a deeper understanding of how TMDs. TheSorghum bicolorABC transporter family consists of 61 circadian rhythms optimise plant water use efficiency. full-size molecules, 9 half-size molecules, 3 three-quarter-size molecules, and 26 quarter-size molecules. One of the proteins (GI- 9 9216 4 873) ha s neit he r T M D nor N BD. A major it y of t he protei n s are located in the plasma membrane. Signal peptide was observed PC10.40 DISTRIBUTION OF ICE in SbABCB11, SbABCB34, SbABCC4, SbABCC21, and SbABCI3. DURING SUBZERO CONDITIONS WITHIN T he protei n s had va r y i ng va lues of physicoc he m ica l pa ra mete rs. Key words: Sorghum bicolor, ABC transporters, transmembrane THE HORSETAIL EQUISETUM HYEMALE L. proteins.

WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION

RENA T SCHOTT (STATE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY STUTTGART, GERMANY), ANITA ROTH-NEBELSICK (STATE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY STUTTGART, GERMANY)

[email protected]

During land plant evolution, cold hardiness developed in various groups to allow survival of above ground plant parts under freezing conditions. Freezing avoidance by extracellular ice formation represents one essential component of cold hardiness, and was considered so far mainly in seed plants. Here we studied extracellular freezing in Equisetum hyemale va r. robustum. T he ste m s of t h i s spec ies wh ic h t h r ives at hu m id sites con si st of upr ig ht a xes subdivided in nodal and intermodal regions containing extensive internal air-filled canals (pith cavity, vallecular and carinal canals). E. hyemale shoot s ca n su r v ive up to t wo f rost pe r iod s. O u r resu lt s show that the pith cavity and the vallecular canals provide spaces for extracellular ice crystal growth within the stems. During a frost pe r iod , eve n t he substomata l c ha mbe rs nor ma l ly fi l led w it h a i r a re ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 100

PC10.42 ACCUMULATION AND PC10.43 ISOLATION AND FUNCTIONAL SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION ANALYSIS OF THE CYTOCHROME P450- OF FOREIGN PROTEIN USING 27(SLP450-27) GENE FROM TOMATO TRANSIT PEPTIDES IN TRANSGENIC PLANT TOBACCO WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION

WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION MI JIN JEON (CHONNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, KOREA (SOUTH)), SANG HOON MA (CHONNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, KOREA (SOUTH)), SEO YOUNG PARK (CHONNAM NATIONAL SANGHOON MA (CHONNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, KOREA UNIVERSITY, KOREA (SOUTH)), AH YOUNG KIM (CHONNAM (SOUTH)), SEO YOUNG PARK (CHONNAM NATIONAL NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, KOREA (SOUTH)), SE HEE PARK UNIVERSITY, KOREA (SOUTH)), MI JIN JEON (CHONNAM (CHONNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, KOREA (SOUTH)), NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, KOREA (SOUTH)), AH YOUNG KIM HYUN MIN KIM (CHONNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, KOREA (CHONNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, KOREA (SOUTH)), SE HEE (SOUTH)), DAT THANH MAI (CHONNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, PARK (CHONNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, KOREA (SOUTH)), KOREA (SOUTH)), YOUNG HEE JOUNG (CHONNAM NATIONAL HYUN MIN KIM (CHONNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, KOREA UNIVERSITY, KOREA (SOUTH)) (SOUTH)), DAT THANH MAI (CHONNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, KOREA (SOUTH)), YOUNG HEE JOUNG (CHONNAM NATIONAL [email protected] UNIVERSITY, KOREA (SOUTH)) C yotoc h rome P4 50 ha s a heme cofac tor to protei n s i n a l l orga n i sm s. [email protected] In plants, cytochrome P450 enzyme is related to the diverse roles such as catabolism of hormones, signaling molecules, and synthesis O x yge n- evolv i ng protei n s ha s t ra n sit pept ide at t hei r N-te r m i na l of pigments, structural macromolecules, defense compounds. region. The oxygen-evolving proteins were transferred into Tomato genome ha s about 4 0 0 c y toc h rome P4 50 genes. but most t hyla koid a f te r sy nt hesi s u si ng t he t ra n sit pept ides. Fou r d i ffe rent of them are not yet revealed their functions. In order to identify the transit peptides of oxygen evolving protein were isolated (TP1~4) Sl P4 50 -27 f u nc t ion , t he Sl P4 50 -27 gene wa s i solated f rom tomato f rom tobacco. T he t ra n sit pept ides we re f u sed to g f p ge ne ( T P:GF P) genome using by RT-PCR. The SlP450-27 gene was confirmed that and the TP fused gfp constructs were transformed into tobacco it wa s C Y P 736A74 c lade. T he Sl P4 50 -27 wa s h ig h ly e x pressed i n (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi NC). The TP:GFP over expressed tomato root a nd flowe r t i ssues. To a na lysi s of Sl P4 50 -27 f u nc t ion , transgenic plant were analyzed by confocal laser scanning t he ge ne wa s c loned i nto t he pC W vec tor a nd e x pressed i n E . col i a nd m ic roscopy. F luoresce nt sig na l s we re detec ted i n c h loropla st . T he pu r i ficat ion of t he e n z y me. A s a resu lt, poly phe nol ic compou nd s t ra n sit pept ide f u sed GF P wa s loca l i zed i nto t hyla koid lu men a nd (resve rat rol a nd polydat i n) we re hyd rox ylated by t he Sl P4 50 -27. t he t ra n sit pept ide wa s re moved f rom GF P a f te r t ra n slocat ion . T he For ident i f y t he f u nc t ion s i n pla nt s, t he Sl P4 50 -27 gene c loned i nto TP:GFP transgenic tobacco plants showed higher GFP expression plant expression vector and transformated tobacco (Nicotiana level compared to without transit peptide gfp transgenic plants. tabacumcv. Xanthi-NC) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicumcv. T he T P f u sed protei n s we re t ra n sfe r red i nto t hyla koid lu men a nd M ic ro -Tom), a nd t he phe not y pe wa s obse r ved . accumulation. It causes increasing the foreign protein level in transgenic plant. Foreign protein targeting and accumulation into chloroplast using transit peptide is very useful method for plant molecular farming. PC10.44 FUNCTIONAL STUDY OF NADPH-CYTOCHROME P450 REDUCTASE 2 (CaCPR2) GENE ISOLATED FROM HOT PEPPER

WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION

SEO YOUNG PARK (CHONNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, KOREA (SOUTH)), SANG HOON MA (CHONNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, KOREA (SOUTH)), MI JIN JEON (CHONNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, KOREA (SOUTH)), AH YOUNG KIM (CHONNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, KOREA (SOUTH)), SE HEE PARK (CHONNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, KOREA (SOUTH)), HYUN MIN KIM (CHONNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, KOREA (SOUTH)), MAI THANH DAT (CHONNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, KOREA (SOUTH)), CHUL-HO YUN (CHONNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, KOREA (SOUTH)), YOUNG HEE JOUNG* (CHONNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, KOREA (SOUTH))

[email protected]

Pla nt NA DPH- c y toc h rome P4 50 reduc ta se (C PR) e x i st s i n t he cel l me mbra ne t hat plays i mpor ta nt role wh ic h t ra n sfe r t he elec t ron to various plant P450s. Two CPR genes (CaCPR1, CaCPR2) were isolated f rom hot peppe r (Capsic u m a n nuu m L . c v. Bu ka ng ). Q ua nt itat ive PC R ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 101

a na lysi s wa s u sed for dete r m i n i ng CaC PR s m R NA e x pression level s i n va r iou s hot peppe r t i ssues. T he e x pression level wa s g radua l ly PC10.46 ROOT HYPOXIA INDUCED increased during fruit ripening. In case of CaCPR2, however, CHANGES IN LEAVES OF TOMATO AND m R NA wa s con st it ut ively e x pressed i n a l l t i ssues a nd e x pression level wa s lowe r t ha n CaC PR1. CaC PR 2 wa s hete rogou sly e x pressed CUCUMBER SEEDLINGS i n Escher ich ia col i to i nvest igate t he en z y mat ic proper t ies. T he enzymatic properties of CaCPR2 were determined by characteristic WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION absorption spectrum and catalytic activities measurement, which we re a ssessed u si ng protei n a nd c he m ica l subst rates i nc lud i ng P4 50, ANNA KOŁTON (UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE IN KRAKOW, cytochrome c, cytochrome b5 , MTT, and CTC. These results show POLAND), MAŁGORZATA CZERNICKA (UNIVERSITY OF t hat a lt houg h t he CaC PR 2 i s not a major C PR i n most t i ssues i n hot AGRICULTURE IN KRAKOW, POLAND), KINGA KĘSKA (UNIVERSITY peppe r, but it cou ld plays i mpor ta nt role u nde r t he st ress cond it ion . OF AGRICULTURE IN KRAKOW, POLAND), ALINA WISZNIEWSKA (UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE IN KRAKOW, POLAND)

[email protected] FUNCTIONAL STUDY PC10.45 Hypoxia is a state of oxygen deprivation. Hypoxia in root OF CYP707A FAMILY GENES (ABA environment occurs frequently during crop production as well as 8’-HYDROXYLASES) FROM HOT PEPPER in natural conditions. This phenomenon may cause huge losses (CAPSICUM ANNUUM) i n c rop y ield . P rel i m i na r y st udy wa s conduc ted i n hyd ropon ics i n growth room. Next, two genotypes of tomato and cucumber were c u lt ivated i n t he g ree n hou se cond it ion . T he root hy pox ia t reat me nt WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION was introduced when seedlings had 2-3 leaves. The duration of hypoxia condition was 7 days. Then, plants were cultivated for HYUN MIN KIM (CHONNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, KOREA recove r y for 14 days a nd a not he r 7 days hy pox ia t reat me nt we re (SOUTH)), AH YOUNG KIM (CHONNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, established. During hypoxia stress the production of reactive KOREA (SOUTH)), SE HEE PARK (CHONNAM NATIONAL ox yge n spec ies ( ROS) wa s con fi r med a nd t he c ha nges i n a nt iox ida nt UNIVERSITY, KOREA (SOUTH)), SANG HOON MA (CHONNAM syste m a re e x pec ted . Pe rox ida se, cata la se a nd supe rox ide d i smuta se NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, KOREA (SOUTH)), SEO YOUNG ac t iv it ies i n seed l i ngs’ leaves we re d i ffe re nt ia l ly a ffec ted i n tomato PARK (CHONNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, KOREA (SOUTH)), and cucumber genotypes as a result of root hypoxia stress. The MI JIN JEON (CHONNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, KOREA d i ffe re nces i n phe nol ic compou nd s acc u mu lat ion we re a l so obse r ved (SOUTH)), CHUL-HO YUN (CHONNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, comparing treated and control plants as well as two genotypes KOREA (SOUTH)), YOUNG HEE JOUNG (CHONNAM NATIONAL of cucumber or tomato seedlings. Changes in photosynthesis UNIVERSITY, KOREA (SOUTH)) i nte n sit y we re a l so obse r ved i n depe nde nce on hy pox ia t reat me nt a nd spec ies. Va r ied reac t ion for hy pox ia i n bot h ge not y pe of eac h [email protected] species suggesting different mechanism of tolerance. Results may provide new avenue to understand responses and tolerance in tomato Cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) monooxygenases in plants and cucumber plants to hypoxia. have roles in the biosynthesis of plant hormones, defense related chemicals, and diverse secondary metabolites. We isolated cDNA for CYP707A family gene (Ca-P12-A1, -A2, -A3 and -A4), which were encoded Abscisic acid 8’-hydroxylase from a cDNA library of PC10.47 INCREASING OF hot peppe r (Capsic u m a n nuu m L . c v. Bu ka ng ). To u nde rsta nd i ng the roles of the Ca-P12-A1, -A2, -A3 and -A4 genes in hot pepper, TRANSFORMATION EFFICIENCY TO THE t he gene ex pression pat ter ns i n va r ious hot pepper t issues were PHOSPHINOTHRICIN USING SEVERAL analyzed. The Ca-P12-A3 was highest expressed in all tested EXPRESSION SYSTEMS IN SOLANACEAE tissues. The expression level of Ca-P12-A2 was increased in leaves under stress condition. The Ca-P12-A1 was increased during WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION fruit ripening stage. Although the relative transcript level of Ca-P12-A4 was very low, it was mainly expressed in ovary. AH YOUNG KIM (CHONNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, KOREA The results suggest that these genes play different roles in plant by (SOUTH)), SE HEE PARK (CHONNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, t hei r spec i fic e x pression pat te r n s. To ide nt i f y t he cata ly t ic f u nc t ion KOREA (SOUTH)), HYUN MIN KIM (CHONNAM NATIONAL of the Ca-P12-A1, -A2, -A3 and -A4 genes, these proteins were UNIVERSITY, KOREA (SOUTH)), SANG HOON MA (CHONNAM c loned i nto E . col i e x pression vec tor a nd hete rologou sly produced i n NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, KOREA (SOUTH)), SEO YOUNG PARK E . col i syste m . T hese recombi na nt protei n s we re cata ly zed A BA to (CHONNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, KOREA (SOUTH)), MI JIN 8 ’-hyd rox y A BA , pha seic ac id , a nd d i hyd ropha seic ac id . To con fi r m JEON (CHONNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, KOREA (SOUTH)), the function of the Ca-P12-A1, -A2, -A3 and -A4 genes in plant, these YOUNG HEE JOUNG (CHONNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, ge nes we re c loned i nto pla nt e x pression vec tor a nd t ra n sfor med KOREA (SOUTH)) i nto tobacco ( Nicot ia na tabac u mc v. X a nt h i NC). T he Ca-P12-A1, -A2, -A3 and -A4 over-expression transgenic tobacco plants showed [email protected] the wilting phenotype. Furthermore, these transgenic tobacco plants showed that down regulated seed formation and pollen The bar gene is used as selection marker for transgenic plants and also viability compare to non-transgenic tobacco. ag r ic u lt u ra l t ra it for he rbic ide resi sta nce. We have u sed t he ba r ge ne to selec t t ra n sfor med ca l lu s a nd a l so to develop of he rbic ide -resi sta nt tomato plants. Some Solanaceae plants such as tomato and tobacco, we re sen sit ively a ffec ted by t he phosph i not h r ic i n a nd dec l i ned t ra n sfor mat ion e ffic ienc y. I n add it ion , t hese ba r ove re x pressed transgenic plants exhibited low degree of tolerance against ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 102

phosph i not h r ic i n compa re to monocot pla nt s. T hese rea son s, t he ba r gene i s not suitable for selective marker for some Solanaceae PC10.49 COMBINATORIAL especially for tomato plant. We have introduced with two approaches TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION t he ba r selec t ion syste m to solve t he proble m s. Fi rst wa s i nc rea se ba r ge ne e x pression level u si ng st rong promote r suc h a s e n ha nced 35S OF THE PLANT DEFENCE RESPONSE promoter (double 35S), and i nc rea se t ra n slat ion e ffic ienc y u si ng the mod i fied GU BQ1 promote r (G1-3: toba i nt) wh ic h wa s i solated f rom WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION the gladiolas polyubiquitin gene and replacement 5’ intron of the promote r w it h 5’ i nt ron of tobacco poly ubiqu it i n ge ne. T he ot he r wa s MAURA DI MARTINO (UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK, UNITED targeting the PAT enzyme to chloroplast using the transit peptide KINGDOM), ALEX JONES (UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK, UNITED of ox yge n evolv i ng protei n /r ubi sco sma l l subu n it . A s a resu lt, t he KINGDOM), EMILY BREEZE (UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK, UNITED tole ra nce level aga i n st phosph i not h r ic i n wa s cor related to t he PAT KINGDOM), KATHERINE DENBY (UNIVERSITY OF YORK, expression level by different bar expression systems. UNITED KINGDOM)

[email protected] PC10.48 SCREENING FOR INHIBITORS Transcriptional reprogramming plays a significant role in the defence of plants against pathogen infection. This defence OF INOSITOL PHOSPHORYLCERAMIDE respon se i nvolves a comple x a nd h ig h ly soph i st icated reg u lator y SYNTHASE: A NEW HERBICIDE MODE circuitry in which transcription factors (TFs) play a key role in OF ACTION? dete r m i n i ng t he spec i fic it y of t he respon se to d i ffe re nt pat hoge n s. We have obta i ned h ig h-resolut ion te mpora l t ra n sc r iptome data fol low i ng biot ic a nd abiot ic st ress t reat me nt s i n A rabidopsi s, a nd WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION have gene rated reg u lator y net work model s of t he T F i nte rac t ion s underlying these responses. Such models predict widespread ELIZABETH PINNEH (UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM, UNITED combi nator ia l t ra n sc r ipt iona l reg u lat ion of ma ny k now n defen se KINGDOM), PATRICK STEEL (UNIVERISTY OF DURHAM, UNITED ge nes a nd pat hways, prov id i ng a mec ha n i sm for ge ne rat i ng comple x KINGDOM), PAUL DENNY (UNIVERISTY OF DURHAM, UNITED transcriptional profiles, and thus fine-tuning the plant’s response. KINGDOM), MICHAEL STARK (UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE, Combinatorial regulation can also occur by variations in the UNITED KINGDOM), STEPHEN LINDELL (BAYER CROP SCIENCE, composition of multi-subunit TFs. NF-Y TFs directly bind CCAAT GERMANY), PETER LUMMEN (BAYER CROP SCIENCE, boxes i n ta rget ge ne promote rs a s t r i me rs of A , B a nd C subu n it s, UNITED KINGDOM) a nd ca n ac t a s posit ive or negat ive reg u lators of t ra n sc r ipt ion . I n Arabidopsis a multi-gene family encodes each subunit of the complex [email protected] and many of these subunits change in expression during plant stress T he re a re c u r re nt ly 4 8 0 u n ique ca ses of he rbic ide resi sta nt weed s responses. A putative trimer (NF-YA2, NF-YB2, NF-YC2) has been globally, with resistance to two or more herbicides found in 252 identified. We have shown that NF-YA2 expression levels determine species. The rapid increase in multiple resistances in weeds combined acc u mu lat ion of JA a nd t hat t he n f-ya 2 muta nt d i splays sig n i fica nt ly w it h t he stag na nc y i n t he ide nt i ficat ion of a new he rbic ide mode i nc rea sed su scept ibi l it y to Bot r y t i s c i ne rea . Fu r t he r more, Bi FC of ac t ion for ove r t h ree decades, ra i ses a c ha l le nge t hat t h reate n s a ssays i n N. be nt ha m ia na revea led t hat N F-Y B2 a nd N F-YC 2 a re able crop production worldwide.Recent research into sphingolipid to hete rod i me r i se i n pla nta, a nd t h i s i nte rac t ion wa s con fi r med i n sy nt hesi s ha s broug ht about t he ide nt i ficat ion of a prom i si ng new Arabidopsis expressing tagged NF-YC2. We are now investigating site of action, involving the non-mammalian enzyme inositol whether this NF-YB2/C2 dimer binds the NF-YA2 subunit, and, if so, phosphorylceramide synthase (IPCS). IPCS catalyses the transfer of the regulatory function of the resulting NF-Y trimer during defence phosphoi nositol to t he C-1 hyd rox yl of ce ra m ide t he reby gene rat i ng against B. cinerea. inositol phosphorylceramide; deletion of this enzyme has been found to be lethal in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The divergence in the sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway in animals and plants allows for t he c reat ion of novel he rbic ides w it h m i n i ma l i mpac t on a n i ma l s a nd hu ma n s. A n 11,0 0 0 me mbe r l ibra r y compr i si ng compou nd s w it h de mon st rable he rbic ida l ac t iv it y, a nd a n u n k now n mode of ac t ion , has been screened against IPCS from Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa. Following structural clustering (Tanimoto index of 0.7) sets of putat ive i n h ibitors associated w it h apoptosis a nd membra ne d i sr upt ion we re ide nt i fied . T h i s prese ntat ion w i l l desc r ibe t hese st ud ies a long w it h seconda r y a ssays a i med at va l idat i ng t hese h it s a s t r ue i n h ibitors of I PC S, wh ic h ca n be developed for u se a s he rbic ides. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 103

Hy pot het ica l ly, A s i s ta ke n up by v ia t wo h ig h- a nd low-a ffi n it y PC10.50 WORLDWIDE GENETIC systems at low a nd h igh A s concent rat ions, respect ively. In t he COMPARISON OF POTATO CYST present st udy A s upta ke by t wo I ra n ia n c u lt iva rs of r ice ( Ha shem i a nd Naja fi) a re compa red . T he seed s we re g row n hyd ropon ica l ly NEMATODES USING GENOTYPING i n Ka mac h i med iu m for t went y days a nd t hen h ig h (0 - 0.05 m M ) BY SEQUENCING and high and low affinity uptake (0-25 mM) of As were evaluated. Although kinetics parameters differed considerably between two WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION c u lt iva rs, t he mea n s of R 2 va lues showed t hat A s upta ke i n bot h cultivars was hy perbolic, suggesting an active transpor t of As. NATHALIE DAUPHINAIS (AGRICULTURE AND AGRI-FOOD Uptake rate of As by Hashemi cultivar was higher, regardless the CANADA, CANADA), BENJAMIN MIMEE (AGRICULTURE AND level of supplied substrate. This variety showed higher values of AGRI-FOOD CANADA, CANADA), GUY BÉLAIR (AGRICULTURE kinetic parameters, Vmax and K m than Najafi .The higher rate of AND AGRI-FOOD CANADA, CANADA), VIVIAN BLOK (JAMES As (III) uptake may be due to some difference physiological and HUTTON INSTITUTE, UNITED KINGDOM), ÉRIC GRENIER mor pholog ica l at t r ibutes suc h a s root leng t h or loca l i zat ion a nd (INSTITUTE OF GENETIC ENVIRONMENT AND PLANT number of transporters. Uptake kinetics characteristics can be PROTECTION INRA, FRANCE) considered as an important criterion for selecting varieties with less A s upta ke i n conta m i nated a rea s, resu lt i ng i n lowe r e nt ra nce of [email protected] A s i nto food c ha i n a nd m i n i m i z i ng it s r i sk for hu ma n hea lt h .

The potato cyst nematodes (PCN), Globodera rostochiensis a nd G. pallida, a re a mong t he most econom ica l ly i mpor ta nt pest s of potato a nd qua ra nt i ne orga n i sm s i n ma ny cou nt r ies. T he i nt roduc t ion PC10.52 OVEREXPRESSION OF β-D- and potential spread of these species in any part of the world N-ACETYLHEXOSAMINIDASE GENE IN has serious implications for potato production and export. PCN TOMATO RESULTS IN HIGHER FLOWERING ma nagement is pr i ma r i ly ach ieved t h rough t he use of resista nt va r iet ies. Howeve r, PC N popu lat ion s d i ffe r i n v i r u le nce aga i n st t he AND FRUIT SET WITH REDUCTION IN different resistance sources. It is of paramount importance to be able FRUIT SIZE to ide nt i f y t hese va r ia nt s a nd to u nde rsta nd t he mec ha n i sm s lead i ng to the breakdown of plant resistance. To this end, genotyping-by- WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION sequencing has been used to rapidly identify Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and compare allele frequencies between MOHAMMAD IRFAN (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PLANT GENOME populations. This method allowed the direct comparison of RESEARCH, INDIA), VINAY KUMAR (NATIONAL INSTITUTE worldwide populations. For G. rostochiensis, ou r resu lts showed OF PLANT GENOME RESEARCH, INDIA), SUMIT GHOSH (CSIR- a clear separation of pathoty pes Ro1 and Ro2 from Ro3, Ro4 and CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS, Ro5. At a loca l sca le, some popu lat ion s w it h d i ffe re nt pat hot y pes INDIA), NIRANJAN CHAKRABORTY (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ( Ro1 vs Ro2) but sa me or ig i n ( N Y ) we re ve r y si m i la r, suggest i ng PLANT GENOME RESEARCH, INDIA), SUBHRA CHAKRABORTY a recent differentiation event or a high level of passive gene flow (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PLANT GENOME RESEARCH, INDIA), between these populations. For G. pallida, a major d i ffe rence wa s ASIS DATTA (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PLANT GENOME observed between the pathotype Pa1 and Pa2/3. It was also possible RESEARCH, INDIA) to distinguish highly virulent South American populations from Eu ropea n popu lat ion s. For most of t hese g roups, we ide nt i fied SN P [email protected] ma rke rs t hat cou ld be u sed for d iag nost ics i n ma nagement prog ra m s. Phylogeog raph ic resu lt s a l so con fi r med t hat bot h PC N spec ies may The β-D-N-acetylhexosaminidase (β-Hex) is a cell wall located share a single common introduction origin into Europe and then to N-glycan processing enzy me and it brea ks t he glycosid ic bonds North America. between carbohydrates, as well as between carbohydrate and noncarbohydrate. The suppression of gene of this enzyme in tomato was resulted in enhanced shelf life of fruits without affecting plant grow th, fr uit development and yield. In order to PC10.51 INVESTIGATION OF f u r t he r i nvest igate t he role of t h i s e n z y me, it s ove r e x pression wa s ARSENITE UPTAKE KINETIC IN RICE carried out constitutively in tomato and transgenic plants were (ORYZA SATIVA) CULTIVARS raised. The analysis of morphological and agronomic parameters of transgenic plants revealed that the number of flowers and fruit set i n ove re x pressed l i nes we re i nc rea sed sig n i fica nt ly. T he si ze of WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION ove re x pressed f r u it s wa s reduced d ra st ica l ly w it h no e ffec t on f r u it shape. Interestingly, we observed that leaf chlorophyll content and MAHDI YOUSOFINIA (TARBIAT MODARES UNIVERSITY, IRAN), photosy nt het ic e ffic ienc y wa s dec rea sed i n ove re x pressed l i nes a nd FAEZEH GHANATI (TARBIAT MODARES UNIVERSITY, IRAN), t he soluble suga r conte nt wa s a l so c ha nged i n t he ove re x pressed MARKUS J TAMAS (GOTEBORG UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN) l i nes. T he ove re x pressed f r u it s we re r ipe ned ea rl ie r t ha n cont rol a nd showed reduced shel f l i fe a nd su scept ibi l it y towa rd s f u nga l [email protected] pat hoge n Botrytis cinerea. Fu r t he r, ide nt i ficat ion a nd qua nt i ficat ion of sig n i fica nt c ha nges to t he f r u it proteome wa s ca r r ied out du r i ng Arsenic (As) is one of the most poisonous elements in the developmental and ripening stages using high-throughput environment whose inorganic forms such as arsenite are iT R AQ a nd h ig h-resolut ion ma ss spec t romet r y. O ve ra l l, ou r data more toxic than organic ones. Arsenic toxicity depends on the suggests that overexpression of β-Hex resu lt s i n i nc rea sed flowe r i ng spec iat ion a nd i nc rea ses w it h dec rea si ng ox idat ion states. D ue to a nd f r u it set w it h reduc t ion i n f r u it si ze a nd shel f l i fe. a reducing environment in rice fields, the level of arsenic uptake a nd acc u mu lat ion i n t h i s pla nt i s muc h h ig he r t ha n ot he r ce rea l s. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 104

reac t ive ca rbonyl spec ies ( RC S). T hese compou nd s a re detox i fied PC10.53 POTATO SOMACLONES by a ldehyde dehyd rogena ses, a ldose/ a ldehyde reduc ta ses a nd 2- REGENERATED FROM CELLS ADAPTED alkenal reductases in plants. Recent studies suggest that RCS and RCS related metabolism take role in salt stress response of plants. TO THAXTOMIN A ARE MORE RESISTANT Howeve r, t hese fi nd i ngs we re obta i ned f rom g lycophy t ic pla nt s suc h TO COMMON SCAB a s A rabidopsi s t ha l ia na, Nicot ia na tabac u m a nd O r y za sat iva. T he re a re no st ud ies on t h i s topic i n ha lophy t ic pla nt s wh ic h a re ge net ica l ly WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION adapted to sa lt st ress. It i s log ica l to t h i n k t hat i n ha lophy tes t he roles of RCS might be different from glycophytic plants and RCS might take signalling roles under salinity. Investigating RCS metabolism NATHALIE BEAUDOIN (UNIVERSITY OF SHERBROOKE, CANADA), a nd it s sig na l l i ng compa rat ively i n g lycophy tes a nd ha lophy tes i s IAUHENIA ISAYENKA (UNIVERSITY OF SHERBROOKE, CANADA), i mpor ta nt for eluc idat ion of t hese new pote nt ia l mec ha n i sm s t hat SAFA LABIDI (UNIVERSITY OF SHERBROOKE, CANADA) take role in salt stress tolerance. For this purpose, in this work we test i f e xogenou s RC S ca n i nduce d i ffe rent defence respon ses suc h [email protected] a s RC S detox i ficat ion en z y mes a nd a nt iox ida nt defence system i n Common scab is a disease which causes scab-like lesions on A . t ha l ia na( g lycophy te) a nd E . pa r v u lu m(model ha lophy te). the surface of potato tubers, thus decreasing their quality and market value. The main causal agent of common scab is the soil actinobacteria Streptomyces scabies. During the infection process, S. scabies sec retes a tox i n , t ha x tom i n A , wh ic h i s essent ia l for t he PC10.55 PROTEINS FROM GREEN LEAF development of disease symptoms. One of the best strategies to WASTE IN FOOD STRUCTURES - A STUDY reduce t he i nc ide nce of t he d i sea se i s to u se c u lt iva rs t hat a re more FOCUSED ON LEAF PROTEIN BASED tole ra nt to t he d i sea se. Howeve r, l it t le i s k now n on t he mec ha n i sm s that protect potato tubers from S. scabies. Si nce t ha x tom i n A i s a key FREEZE-DRIED FOAMS factor in the development of the disease, increasing resistance to t he tox i n may help reduce d i sea se sy mptom s. We have developed WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION a new approac h to prog ressively adapt potato ca l l i to t ha x tom i n A . Somac lones we re regene rated f rom t ha x tom i n A-adapted cel ls ANNA-LOVISA NYNÄS (SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF and tested for resistance to common scab. We identified three AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF PLANT BREEDING, somaclonal variants that are more resistant to common scab in SWEDEN), WILLIAM NEWSON (SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF g reen hou se e x pe r i ment s, a nd t h i s resi sta nce wa s ma i nta i ned i n AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF PLANT BREEDING, field e x pe r i me nt s i n t he ne x t ge ne rat ion . T hese somac lona l va r ia nt s SWEDEN), MAUD LANGTON (SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF a re bei ng c ha rac te r i zed to ide nt i f y t he molec u la r a nd physiolog ica l AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF MOLECULAR c ha nges a ssoc iated w it h a bet te r tole ra nce to com mon scab. We w i l l SCIENCES, SWEDEN), EVA JOHANSSON (SWEDISH UNIVERSITY prese nt spec i fic c ha nges i n t he t ube r proteome a nd t he st r uc t u re of OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF PLANT the periderm that may explain the increased resistance to common BREEDING, SWEDEN) scab observed in these somaclones. [email protected]

I n t he produc t ion of ma ny vegetables a la rge pa r t of t he c rop, ma i n ly PC10.54 SIGNAL ROLES OF green leaves, is considered as waste and left in the field. Finding REACTIVE CARBONYL SPECIES ways to utilize the leaves will increased sustainability of the (RCS) DURING INDUCTION OF RCS primary production and add value to the crops. Fresh green leaves are composed of 1-8 % w/w protein, and approximately 50% of the DETOXIFICATION ENZYMES AND protein is ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, also ANTIOXIDANT DEFENCE SYSTEM IN k now n a s Ru Bi sCO. Ru Bi sCO ha s prom i si ng f u nc t iona l prope r t ies ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA AND EUTREMA releva nt i n food st r uc t u res. T he st r uc t u res i n food dete r m i ne it s PARVULUMUNDER SALINITY te x t u re, wh ic h i s a n i mpor ta nt a spec t of how food i s pe rceived when consumed. The properties of RuBisCO as a key element in several food st r uc t u res, suc h a s gel s a nd wet foa m s, have bee n st ud ied before WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION prov id i ng i n for mat ion on Ru Bi sCO´s potent ia l h ig h pe r for ma nce, but there is no knowledge of how the protein behaves when the TOLGA YALCINKAYA (EGE UNIVERSITY, TURKEY), BARIS st r uc t u res have been f rozen a nd subsequent ly f reeze - d r ied . We UZILDAY (EGE UNIVERSITY, TURKEY), RENGIN OZGUR (EGE propose a possible way to produce Ru Bi sCO protei n i solates f rom UNIVERSITY, TURKEY), ISMAIL TURKAN (EGE UNIVERSITY, the leaves of different crops, such as carrot, beet root, broccoli and TURKEY), ASKIM H SEKMEN (EGE UNIVERSITY, TURKEY) cabbage, t h roug h a process i nc lud i ng t he r ma l coag u lat ion of t he g ree n f rac t ion a nd pH-sh i f t prec ipitat ion of t he wh ite f rac t ion . We [email protected] a i m to i nc rea se t he u nde rsta nd i ng of t he f u nc t iona l prope r t ies of Ru Bi sCO i n food st r uc t u res by i nvest igat i ng f reeze - d r ied foa m s W he n pla nt s a re e x posed to e nv i ron me nta l st resses, produc t ion of based on the green leaf proteins from different plants. reac t ive ox ygen spec ies ( ROS) i nc rea se due to i mba la nce i n metabol ic processes. Accumulation of ROS damage cellular molecules such as nucleic acids, proteins and lipids. Break-down of lipids in cell membranes by ROS causes production of lipid peroxidation products such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal (HHE), malondialdehid (MDA) and acrolein (ACR) which are called as ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 105

inhibiting selective herbicide for this crop. In Mexico, populations PC10.56 RE-WIRING PLANT of t h i s g ra ss weed have bee n fou nd t hat ca n not be cont rol led by t he REGULATORY NETWORKS TO ENHANCE recom mended dose. Resi sta nce to A L S i n h ibitors i s most com mon ly caused by point mutations in the ALS gene. The objective of this STRESS TOLERANCE study was to detect nicosulfuron resistance-associated point mutations in the ALS gene in I. unisetus by using restriction WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION en z y mes. Ra ndom sa mples of t he weed were col lec ted f rom t wo ma i ze produc i ng locat ion s, na mely La Ba rca a nd A meca, Ja l i sco. IULIA GHERMAN (UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK, UNITED Genomic DNA was extracted from 30 plants from each location. PCR KINGDOM), MATHIAS FOO (UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK, wa s pe r for med u si ng pr i me rs ta rget i ng t he posit ion s 197 a nd 574 UNITED KINGDOM), DAVID L WILD (UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK, i n t he A L S gene, wh ic h have prev iou sly been repor ted as ta rget- UNITED KINGDOM), KATHERINE J DENBY (UNIVERSITY OF site mutat ion s. T he a mpl icon s we re d igested w it h t he rest r ic t ion YORK, UNITED KINGDOM), DECLAN G BATES (UNIVERSITY enzymes Nla-IV and Bst-XI by the dCAPS method, which detects OF WARWICK, UNITED KINGDOM) t he cha nges t hat con fer resista nce to A LS i n h ibitors. A mpl i fied f rag me nt s of t he e x pec ted si ze (10 0 bp) a nd i nte n sit y we re obta i ned [email protected] from all the plants. Resistance to nicosulfuron of I. unisetus f rom La Ba rca was con fi r med by a cha racter istic poly mor ph ic profi le By using synthetic biology and control engineering obtained by digesting the amplicon targeting ALS-197 with Nla- to inform experimental design, we aim to engineer IV in 60% of the plants. However, in the plants from Ameca, this Arabidopsis plants that are more resilient to stress. polymorphic profile was absent. It can be concluded that resistance Abiotic (such as drought, high light, senescence) and biotic of I. unisetus to n icosu l f u ron i s cau sed by mutat ion s i n t he ta rget site. (such as Botrytis cinerea, Pseudomonas syringae infection) stresses result in large-scale transcriptional reprogramming in plants. We have elucidated models of the complex regulatory networks underlying this reprogramming from time series PC10.58 SOLUTE ACCUMULATION AND transcriptome data of Arabidopsis genes which are specific to PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN MAIZE (ZEA each individual stress. Using a combination of simulations and MAYS L.) PLANTS UNDER WATER DEFICIT Bayesian statistics, with knockout mutant transcriptome and yea st one -hybr id data, we have e n su red t hese t ra n sc r ipt ion fac tor networks are as accurate as possible. These models have been WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION u sed to pred ic t key reg u lators a nd repor te r ge nes for A rabidopsi s defence responses for biotic stresses, as well as to predict the VÍCTOR CONDE-MARTÍNEZ (COLEGIO DE POSTGRADUADOS, network re-wirings that will enhance the defence response. MEXICO), SABINA VELÁZQUEZ-MÁRQUEZ (CENTRO DE Re-wiring involves changing the regulatory regions of INVESTIGACIÓN Y ESTUDIOS AVANZADOS DEL IPN, MEXICO), transcription factors, influencing their expression levels and having CARLOS TREJO (COLEGIO DE POSTGRADUADOS, MEXICO), a k noc k- on e ffec t on t he rest of t he net work . I n orde r to va l idate t he ADRIANA DELGADO-ALVARADO (COLEGIO DE POSTGRADUADOS, conc lu sion s of ou r si mu lat ion s, t he hy pot heses f rom ou r compute r MEXICO), EBANDRO USCANGA-MORTERA (COLEGIO DE modelling are being tested in a transient protoplast systems with POSTGRADUADOS, MEXICO) ta rget ge nes re -w i red w it h promote rs pred ic ted to have t he desi red e ffec t. Repor te r genes t rac k t he st reng t h of t he A rabidopsi s defence [email protected] respon se i n compa r i son to t he cont rol, a f te r i nduc t ion w it h c h it i n Water deficit has a negative impact on plant growth, biomass and or flg-22. A few rounds of the design-build-test cycle will increase seed produc t ion . Ma i ze ge not y pes tole ra nt to wate r de fic it ca n have ou r con fidence i n t he compute r model l i ng a nd c hosen re -w i r i ngs, some response mechanisms which allow them to adapt and survive allowing us to engineer stable transformants in Arabidopsis plants. u nde r st ress cond it ion s. Wate r de fic it reduces t he relat ive wate r content, osmotic potential and solute accumulation, and causes c ha nges i n protei n e x pression . T he objec t ive wa s to a na lyse a nu mbe r PC10.57 NICOSULFURON RESISTANCE of physiolog ica l a nd bioc hem ica l t ra it s i n t wo ma i ze va r iet ies: VS- 22 (tolerant) and AMCCG-2 (susceptible) subjected to water stress. IN IXOPHORUS UNISETUS (J. PRESL) Samples were taken 49 days after emergence (DAE) from plants SCHLTDL. BY POINT MUTATION IN THE u nde r t wo t reat me nt s: cont rol (wel l-wate red) a nd wate r- de fic it (50 % ALS (ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE) GENE of soil water availability). Water deficit in VS-22 showed a RWC of 8 0 % a nd a n osmot ic potent ia l ( Yo ) of -2 .0 M Pa, compa red w it h t he

control plants VS-22 which had a RWC of 98% and Yo of - 0.6 4 M Pa. WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION Water stress in the AMCCG-2 genotype showed a 70% RWC and a

Yo of -1. 52 M Pa. A n i nc rea se i n t he acc u mu lat ion of prol i ne, g lucose, ALEJANDRO DOMÍNGUEZ-LÓPEZ (COLEGIO DE POSTGRADUADOS, f r uc tose a nd suc rose wa s detec ted , a nd t he t reha lose d i sacc ha r ide MEXICO), VÍCTOR CONDE-MARTÍNEZ (COLEGIO DE wa s a lso ev idenced . T he e ffec t of wate r de fic it produced a reduc t ion i n POSTGRADUADOS, MEXICO), EBANDRO USCANGA-MORTERA t he Ru BPCa se protei n e x pression i n bot h genot y pes, w it h A MCCG -2 (COLEGIO DE POSTGRADUADOS, MEXICO), JESÚS R TORRES- bei ng more a ffec ted. Water st ress showed a posit ive cor relat ion GARCÍA (CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y ESTUDIOS AVANZADOS between water relations traits and solute accumulation. The DEL IPN, MEXICO), OBDULIA L SEGURA-LEÓN (COLEGIO DE lowest dec rea se i n RWC a nd Yo i n VS-22 i nd icated a bet te r osmot ic POSTGRADUADOS, MEXICO) adjustment compared with AMCCG-2. [email protected]

As a weed species, Ixophorus unisetus ( J. P resl) Sc ht ld . (zacate pit i l lo) affects the maize crop in Jalisco, Mexico. Nicosulfuron is an ALS ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 106

PC10.59 FUNCTIONAL PC10.60 THE TIME IS RIPE: CHARACTERIZATION OF ZEA SUGAR AND HORMONE SIGNALS MAYS XIPOTL FAMILY GENES IN WHEAT GRAIN GERMINATION

WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION

ESTEFANY S SÁNCHEZ MARTÍNEZ (CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN ROSS DENNIS (CSIRO ANU, AUSTRALIA), JEAN PHILIPPE-RAL Y DE ESTUDIOS AVANZADOS DEL IPN LANGEBIO, MEXICO), (CSIRO, AUSTRALIA), ROBERT FURBANK (ANU, AUSTRALIA) RUBÉN RELLÁN ÁLVAREZ (CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y DE ESTUDIOS AVANZADOS DEL IPN LANGEBIO, MEXICO), [email protected] RUAIRIDH J H SAWERS (CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y DE P re -ha r vest Sprout i ng ( PH S), wh ic h i s when mat u re wheat g ra i n s ESTUDIOS AVANZADOS DEL IPN LANGEBIO, MEXICO) germinate on the plant prior to harvest, is a major problem for wheat fa r me rs. It ca n occ u r whe n t he re i s ra i n or ve r y h ig h level s [email protected] of hu m id it y pr ior to ha r vest . PH S resu lt s i n a dow ng rad i ng of t he qua l it y of t he g ra i n to feed , a nd represent s a loss of i ncome for t he The Phosphatidylcholine (PtCho) is the most abundant phospholipid fa r mer. T he c u r rent model of cerea l ger m i nat ion consists of: (1) in eukaryotic cell membranes, it’s biosynthesis diverges within the hor mone sig na l s brea k i ng dor ma nc y a nd i n it iat i ng ge r m i nat ion ; Kennedy pathway or the triple methylation of phosphoethanolamine (2) the release of α -amylases and proteases into the endosperm; (3) by t he en z y me phosphoet ha nola m i ne met hyl t ra n sfe ra se ( PE A M T ). t he deg radat ion of sta rc h by a myla ses relea si ng suga rs to f uel ea rly In Arabidopsis thaliana, a n i n se r t iona l muta nt for PE A M T (xipotl, plant growth. High amylase expression is thus strongly associated xpl1) prese nted shor t root phe not y pe coi nc ide nt w it h t he obse r ved with germination; however, some plants accumulate high levels in phosphorous deficiency. So far, 3 genes are reported for the of a myla se i n mat u re g ra i n w it hout ge r m i nat ion . T he a i m of t h i s methylation steps. However, in Zea mays, 4 genes are predicted st udy i s to i nvest igate t he e ffec t s of α -a myla se e x pression a nd suga r for PE A M T f u nc t ion a nd show u n ique t i ssue spec i fic e x pression sig na l l i ng on ge r m i nat ion a nd dor ma nc y i n wheat . We ge ne rated pat te r n s i n ea rly stages of root developme nt despite hav i ng t he sa me t ra n sge n ic wheat w it h a myla se e x pression i n t he e ndospe r m pr ior biochemical function. To clarify the activity of Zm xpl fa m i ly genes, to g ra i n mat u r it y, a l low i ng u ncoupl i ng of a myla se ac t iv it y f rom we performed heterologous complementation of the Arabidopsis g ra i n dor ma nc y. T h i s a myla se ac t iv it y wa s show n to be su ffic ient insertional mutants xpl1 and xpl 1, 2 , 3, u si ng Zm xpl C DS fa m i ly ge nes to remove dormancy and initiate germination. However, the d r ive n by A rabidopsi s PE A M T promote rs to st udy i f t he ma i ze ge nes germination process itself was delayed. This work highlights ca n pe r for m a l l t h ree met hylat ion steps. Besides, we ide nt i fied ‘ loss of as yet unexplored interactions of sugar and hormone signalling f u nc t ion’ i n se r t iona l muta nt s i n ma i ze w it h t he t ra n sposon syste m du r i ng ge r m i nat ion a nd dor ma nc y. I n t he long te r m t h i s projec t Uniform Mu to understand their role in the plant. In addition, we are aims to define differences between dormancy and germination studying the spatial patterns of Zm xpl genes e x pression at ea rly in an important cereal crop leading to new solutions to prevent stages of root development on WT and xpl muta nt s. Ta ken toget he r, pre-harvest sprouting. the results will give us an insight into the functional role Zm xpl fa m i ly ge nes i n t he biosy nt hesi s of P tC ho. ANNUAL MEETING GOTHENBURG 2017 SCIENCE ACROSS BOUNDARIES ABSTRACTS 107

PC10.61 TEMPERATURE PC10.63 PHYLOGENOMICS AND SENSING AND SIGNALLING IN SYSTEMS BIOLOGY APPROACHES REVEALS ARABIDOPSIS METABOLISM CONSERVED ADAPTIVE PROCESSES IN ATACAMA DESERT PLANTS WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION HELENA HERRMANN (THE UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER, UNITED KINGDOM), GILES N JOHNSON (THE UNIVERSITY OF RODRIGO A GUTIÉRREZ (PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATOLICA MANCHESTER, UNITED KINGDOM), JEAN-MARC SCHWARTZ (THE DE CHILE, CHILE), SOLEDAD UNDURRAGA (PONTIFICIA UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER, UNITED KINGDOM) UNIVERSIDAD CATOLICA DE CHILE, CHILE), DANIELA SOTO (PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATOLICA DE CHILE, CHILE), [email protected] KRANTHI VARALA (PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATOLICA DE CHILE, CHILE), GIL ESHEL (PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD T he a l locat ion of t ra n sie nt ca rbon a ssi m i lates suc h a s suga rs, sta rc h , CATOLICA DE CHILE, CHILE), ERIKA VIVIANA ARAUS malate and fumarate shifts in Arabidopsis thaliana as the plant is (PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATOLICA DE CHILE, CHILE), subjec ted to d i ffe re nt st resses. Usi ng bot h model l i ng a nd wet lab RICARDO NILO (PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATOLICA DE tec h n iques we e x plore how t he t ig ht ly reg u lated i nte r play of ca rbon CHILE, CHILE), FRANCISCA DÍAZ (PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD a ssi m i lates prov ides t he cond it ion s necessa r y for photosy nt het ic CATOLICA DE CHILE, CHILE), GABRIELA CARRASCO accl i mat ion. We a i m to u ndersta nd bot h t he metabol ic cha nges (PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATOLICA DE CHILE, CHILE), which signal an acclimation response as well as the different GLORIA CORUZZI (PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATOLICA DE metabolic states required for acclimation. We have identified CHILE, CHILE) cy tosolic f u ma rate accu mulat ion as necessa r y requi rement for acc l i mat ion to bot h cold a nd wa r m te mpe rat u res. [email protected]

T he Ataca ma Dese r t i n C h i le i s t he oldest a nd d r iest dese r t on Ea r t h . Despite bei ng one of t he ha rshest e nv i ron me nt s i n t he world , pla nt s PC10.62 NEXT GENERATION have colon i zed a nd adapted to it s e x t re me abiot ic cond it ion s. I n orde r SEQUENCING OF AFRICA YAM to ide nt i f y ge nes u nde rly i ng adapt ive t ra it s of t hese ‘e x t re moph i le’ BEAN ACCESSIONS plants, we used a systems biology and phylogenomic methodology. O u r approac h ide nt i fies t he evolut iona r y d ive rge nce of ‘e x t re moph i le’ Atacama plants by comparing their sequences to publicly available WEDNESDAY 5 JULY, 2017 POSTER SESSION phylogenet ica l ly-related (‘si ste r ’) spec ies, wh ic h a re not adapted to Atacama’s extreme conditions. We identified, collected and ADEMOLA AINA (UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS, sequenced the transcriptome of 32 plant species within an altitudinal UNITED STATES) t ra n sec t t hat spa n s t he l i m it s for l i fe i n Ataca ma. A l l t hese spec ies are seed plants, with a preponderance of Angiosperms. An overall [email protected] set of 70 spec ies (32 f rom Ataca ma, 32 sisters a nd 6 model pla nt s) wa s processed , gene rat i ng nea rly 1.7 m i l l ion pred ic ted protei n s a nd A f r ica n ya m bea n (Sphenost yl i s ste r noca r pa Hoc h st . e x . A . R ic h ove r 70 t hou sa nd or t holog ue fa m i l ies. T he resu lt i ng phylogenom ic Ha r m s), i s t he most econom ica l ly i mpor ta nt t ube rou s leg u me of tree displayed twenty nodes that account for the divergence of t ropica l A f r ica. A f r ica n ya m bea n (AY B) i s a c rop w it h nu me rou s extremophile Atacama plants from their non-Atacama sister species. potential for food and nutrition security considering its nutritional We ident i fied 9, 591 genes t hat prov ide suppor t to t went y i ndependent profile. However, the crop is neglected and underexploited. To date, or ig i n s of e nv i ron me nta l adaptat ion . We ide nt i fied a subset of 1, 379 there are no improved varieties of this crop and genetic information ge nes t hat gave rec u r r i ng suppor t (>18 i ndepe nde nt or ig i n s). T h i s data on it s d ive rsit y i s sca nt y. T he AY B i s i nd ige nou s to A f r ica a nd i s a set wa s en r ic hed (p -va lue < 0.0 5) i n processes related to respon se to climate resilient legume which helps in soil reclamation through stress, response to radiation, embryo development, photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation. To efficiently utilize AYB genetic resources in crop n it roge n compou nd metabol ic processes, a mong ot he rs. T h i s data wa s breed i ng prog ra m s, t he re i s a need to u nde rsta nd t he c rops d ive rsit y. u sed for t he ide nt i ficat ion of key ge nes i nvolved i n t he adaptat ion to A total of 93 AYB accessions obtained from the International ma rg i na l soi ls. Fu nc t iona l c ha rac te r i zat ion of key ca nd idate genes I n st it ute of Tropica l A g r ic u lt u re i n Nige r ia we re u sed for t h i s st udy. is ongoing in plant model systems. Genom ic DNA wa s e x t rac ted u si ng t he Q iagen e x t rac t ion k it, DNA l ibra r y prepa rat ion wa s done u si ng t he double d igest GBS protocol fol lowed by si ng le e nd seque nc i ng u si ng t he I l lu m i na H i seq 30 0 0 platform. Using the Tassel’s UNEAK Pipeline, 43061 (Restriction site a ssoc iated DNA sequenc i ng ) R A D Tags we re ident i fied w it h 43061 SNPS (Tassel UNEAK pipeline only identified RAD Tag pairs differentiated by one SNP), 3722 SNPs called in at least 83 individuals (9 0 %) u sed for ad m i x t u re a na lysi s for K=2 , K=3 a nd K= 4 . T he data ge ne rated f rom t he R A D - Seq GBS a re bei ng subjec ted to f u r t he r a na lysi s to develop a h ig h de n sit y ge net ic map.