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Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Medicinal Plants from Uzbekistan: a Review Journal of Medicinally Active Plants Volume 5 Issue 2 Vol 5 Issues 1-4 October 2017 Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Medicinal Plants from Uzbekistan: A Review Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/jmap Part of the Plant Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Egamberdieva, Dilfuza; Nazim Mamedov; Elisa Ovidi; Antonio Tiezzi; and Lyle Craker. 2016. "Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Medicinal Plants from Uzbekistan: A Review." Journal of Medicinally Active Plants 5, (2):59-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7275/R5571969 https://scholarworks.umass.edu/jmap/vol5/iss2/9 This Review is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Medicinally Active Plants by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Egamberdieva et al.: Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Medicinal Plants Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Medicinal Plants from Uzbekistan: A Review Dilfuza Egamberdieva1,2*, Nazim Mamedov3, Elisa Ovidi4, Antonio Tiezzi4, Lyle Craker3 1Faculty of Biology and Soil Sciences, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. 2Institute for Landscape Biogeochemistry, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374 Müncheberg, Germany. 3Medicinal Plants Program, Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, U.S.A. 4Tuscia University, Department for the Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forestal systems, Laboratory of Plant Cytology and Biotechnology, Largo dell’Università, blocco D, 01100 Viterbo,, Italy. *Corresponding author: Difuza Egamberdieva, Faculty of Biology and Soil Sciences, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Date received: September 24, 2015 Keywords: Biological activity, medicinal plants, phytochemistry, secondary metabolites, Uzbekistan. ABSTRACT medicinal activity of indigenous plant species in Medicinal plants are a reservoir of biologically Uzbekistan. active compounds with therapeutic properties that over time have been discovered and used by diverse INTRODUCTION groups of people for treatment of various ailments. The idea that plants are a reservoir of biologically In this regard, Uzbekistan has an excellent historic active compounds with therapeutic properties has been research base of herbal medicines with about 70% of well established, and since ancient time they have been Uzbek households using medicinal plants to meet used worldwide for the treatment of various ailments, their health needs for several centuries. The flora of including asthma, gastro-intestinal problems, skin Uzbekistan includes more than 4500 species of disorders, respiratory and urinary complications, and vascular plants and over 600 of these plants are used hepatic and cardiovascular disease (Cousins and in traditional or conventional medicines, significantly Huffman, 2002; Tian et al., 2014). The interest on surpassing other areas by the absolute number of demand for more plant derived drugs, which sometimes endemics and the percentage of endemism. The are considered as safe when compared to synthetic drugs, plants are a reservoir of secondary metabolites, is increasing rapidly. suitable for use in pharmacological studies with a The medicinal value of these plants lies in chemical high possibility of observing biologically active substances that produce a positive physiological action on constituents. The present review provides an up-to- the human body (Edeoga et al., 2005), and since plants date a report on the phytochemicals and synthesize an extremely diverse range of chemical pharmacological activity of the medicinal plants compounds, they represent a great potential for the widely used in Uzbekistan. As a country, Uzbekistan discovery and development of new pharmaceuticals appears to be a source of novel herbal drugs that have (McChesney et al., 2007). not yet been fully evaluated. We trust the present While numerous studies have validated the report will be useful for further investigations on the traditional use of medicinal plants by investigating the 59 Journal of Medicinally Active Plants Vol. 5, Iss. 2 [2016], phytochemicals present in active extracts (Van-Wyk and P. tschimganica, and Rheum maximowiczii contain Wink, 2005; Palombo, 2006), many plants have not previously unknown antioxidants. Some of these yet been scientifically studied to provide reports on their antioxidants seem to have a unique mechanism of action. phytochemical constituents and their potential medicinal Several pharmacological activities of medicinal plants applications. and their constituents, such as antimicrobial Traditional medicine of Central Asia is not widely (Mamadalieva et al., 2008), anti-inflammatory, and known, and only in recent times has the scientific antioxidative (Mulaudzi et al., 2013), cytotoxic community focused attention on these plants and the (Manosroi et al., 2014), along with anabolic activity and medicinal uses developed in Uzbekistan. Until now, few cholagogic action (Abdukadirov et al., 2004).have been sources of information are available in the literature reported. (Mamedov et al., 2004; Sezik et al., 2004; Egamberdieva The purpose of this report is to summarize to date et al., 2013; Mamedov and Craker, 2001), and the scientific studies on the phytochemical and pharma- sources of information in the literature make evident that cological properties of plants native to Uzbekistan that new additional investigations and new scientific reports may have significant medicinal attributes (Table 1). are necessary. The flora of Uzbekistan includes more than 4500 Phytochemical Profile species of vascular plants of which 9% are considered The pharmacological benefits of medicinally endemic. Over 600 of these plants have traditionally important plants are primarily due to bioactive phyto- been used with many continuing to be used in traditional chemicals produced in the plant tissues as primary and and conventional medicine for treatment of medical secondary metabolites. These constituents have been problems (Mamedov et al., 2004; Aripov, 1995a; identified as alkaloids, (Varsha et al., 2013), gylcosides National Biodiversity Strategy Committee 1998). (Firn, 2010), flavonoids (Varsha et al., 2013), phenolics The diverse nature of the flora native to (Puupponen-Pimiä et al., 2001), saponins (Vashist and Uzbekistan has left many plants relatively unstudied that Sharma, 2013), tannins (Varsha et al., 2013), and may well contain compounds with potential usefulness essential oils (Martinez et al., 2008), steroids (Madziga in new pharmaceuticals. The traditional use of et al., 2010). medicinal plants in Uzbekistan is widespread and over Early studies on native Uzbekistan plants detected 70% of Uzbek households have used medicinal plants for anthocyanins and coumarins (Pulatova, 1969) and centuries, coming from a variety of plant families and essential oils (Nuriddinov et al., 1997) in Perovskia suggesting that pharmacological studies would have a scrophularifolia Bunge (Lamiaceae). Several alkaloids, high probability of detecting active compounds. The iridoids, and secoiridoid glycosides, and flavonoid majority of these plants, however, grow under harsh glycosides of Gentiana olivieri (Gentianaceae) have environmental conditions that limited access to plant been reported (Rakhmatullaev et al., 1969; Ersöz et al., material. 1991). Another native plant from Uzbekistan, Investigative studies have demonstrated that Helichrysum sp. (Asteraceae), contains flavonoids, many of the endemic plants of Uzbekistan contain phloroglucinol derivatives, and diterpenes (Suzgec et al., flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phenolic 2005). Su et al. (2000) identified several novel compounds, coumarins, terpenes and ecdysteroids that compounds from the roots of Ferula pallida (Apiaceae), could be potential sources for several effective drugs a native plant of Uzbekistan that contains sesquiter- (Tulyaganov and Kozimova, 2005; Gapparov et al., penes, phenylpropanoid derivatives, pallidones, and 2007; Mamadalieva et al., 2011; Gapparov and sesquiterpene chromone derivatives. The aerial part of Aripova, 2011; Siddikov et al., 2011; Yuldasheva et Crambe kotschyana Boiss. (Brassicaceae), an endemic al., 2014). For example, Kogure et al. (2004) reported plant in Uzbekistan, has been reported to contain that plant species such as Ferula pallida, F. coumarins, vitamin C, and β-carotene (Nikonov et al., penninervis, Inula macrophylla, Prangos pabularia, 1965). 60 Egamberdieva et al.: Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Medicinal Plants Alkaloids (Zygophyllaceae), namely schoberine, nitraraine, Alkaloids, a class of nitrogen-containing organic nitraramine, dehydroschoberine, sibiridine, vasicinone, compounds, are widely distributed in nature with more peganol along with others. Convolvulus subhirsutus than 18,000 alkaloids having been discovered. These (Convolvulaceae) contains the alkaloids convolvine, compounds have a lot of structural diversity and, in some convolamine, convolidine, phyllalbine, phyllalbine N- instances, having the presence of one or more nitrogen oxide, nortropine, and conpropine (Gapparov et al., atoms seems to be the only common feature among 2007). Another plant, Convolvulus pseudocanthabrica molecules of different chemical structures and of different Schrenk, contains convolvine, convolamine, con- sources. Alkaloids can be of microbial,
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