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Home , Internet in South Africa, Neotel, Tier 1 network

What is ? Dr Angus Hay The

• Around 30000 unique BGP4 Autonomous Systems • 50% of traffic on 150 ASs • More than 5 Exabytes of traffic carried monthly • 680 million host computers • 1.5 billion unique users • 444 million (fixed line) broadband connections • “IP over everything & everything over IP”

Neotel is a member of the Internet Service Providers Association (ISPA) Architecture of the Internet today

Tier 1 “Hyper Giants” Global Transit Large Content, Consumer, Hosting CDN Backbones

IXP IXP IXP

Tier 2 Tier 2 Regional ISP Regional ISP

Customer Networks

Concept from ATLAS Internet Observatory The Internet in South

• Six Regional Tier 1 (Tier 2) providers* • Around 150 ISPs of various sizes and tiers • Internet Transit and • Two public Internet exchanges (JINX and CINX) • 1 Gbps exchanged publicly; probably 5 Gbps privately • 5 million unique Internet users (Q4 2009) • 700 000 dial‐up connections (still!) • 1,69 million broadband connections (Q1 2009) • South African definition includes fixed and mobile • ranked 61st on Broadband Quality

* / Global Tier 1 network is present in South Africa

Sources: World Wide Worx, MyADSL, Oxford Broadband Quality Study, ISPA, ispmap.org.za The distribution bottleneck

Content Aggregation Distribution Devices Access

• Bandwidth is not a finite resource like oil – over time, total bandwidth will grow, and the price per bandwidth will fall • Driven by applications and content, broadband access bandwidth continues to grow exponentially around the world • Access bandwidth per customer needs to increase continually • Retail competition will increasinggyly not be on the price of bandwidth, but on services delivered over that bandwidth. Broadband 2.0 • “Broadband 2.0” is a term first coined around 2005, to describe the next step in broadband performance required by high‐end users such as online gamers, and to deliver triple play services • Characteristics of Broadband 202.0 – Higher bandwidth, low contention ratio – Symmetrical access and Quality of Service – High‐definition video speeds (20+ Mbps) – Multiple sources of content, peer‐to‐peer • Two worlds of broadband – for personal broadband access – Optical fibre for fixed Broadband 2.0 access – Wireless will dominate broadband in Africa • Broadband 2.0 requires FTTB/FTTH access, even in South Africa Global Broadband benchmarks

Country Average Change/y > 5 Mbps > 2Mbps South Korea 14,6 Mbps 13% 74% 94% 7,9 Mbps 11% 60% 90% 5,7 Mbps 6,2% 42% 75% 3,9 Mbps -2,4% 24% 57% 3,4 Mbps 16% 19% 73% Czech Republic 4,8 Mbps 23% 30% 76% 1,1 Mbps -4,6% 1,4% 11% 879 kbps -6,8% 0,7% 4,9% 825 kbps 6,2% 0,4% 4,2% Mayotte 43 kbps - - - WORLD 1,7 Mbps 13% 19% 53%

Midrand, SA 1,5 Mbps - 4,2% 11% Jo'burg, SA 1,1 Mbps - 1,3% 8,0% , SA 1, 3 Mbps - 08%0,8% 13%

Source: Akamai State of the Internet Report Why o ptical fibre?

• Almost infinite bandwidth • 25.4 Tbps (160 x 160 Gbps wavelengths) demo • 600 Gbps on a single wavelength in laboratory • Commercial Terabit per second cables • High reliability and availability vs copper • Highly scalable bandwidth using DWDM Active vs passive op tical fibre access

• Active – Metro : Ring or Switched Ethernet architecture – Highly scalable access from 10 Mbps to 10 Gbps – Dominates European market – Ubiquitous GE installed base • Passive – Point‐to‐multipoint topology, multiple access protocol – 100% passive outside plant minimises capex and opex – Cost effective access between 10 Mbps and 100 Mbps – Parallel analogue broadcast video stream (Second lambda) The ultimate capacity constraints

Permissions

Spectrum

Photos: ld13 , Neotel Rapid fibre rollout methods Broadband: South Africa vs The World

South Africa

32% 68% Wireline Wireless World 1% 1%

13% DSL 21% Cable 64% Fibre Wireless Other

Sources: MyBroadband, The Broadband Forum Broadband ecosystem

Global Global TransitTransit N etwork Network Hosting / servicesservices Applications

Voice Internet Interconnect PeeringPeering

Access: National FibreFibre networknetwork Access: WirelessWireless Submarine cables – 2011

EΛSSy

WACS Content Delivery Networks

• Developed to cache (()mirror) files across the Internet • Concept pioneered by Akamai in the late 1990s • Many CDNs, but a few dominate • Akamai • Limelight • Level 3 • Panther • BitGravity • Today account for 10% of all • CDNs today carry more varied traffic, including streaming • Video is about a third of the traffic, but not of the economic value • The video CDN market will grow to around $1bn by 2012

Sources: Frost & Sullivan, ATLAS Internet Observatory The future of broadband wireless

• Network architecture – Uncapped wireless as primary broadband access puts pressure on spectrum and backhaul – Deep backhaul and high site density required – Heavy core evolution vs lean pure IP network • DiDevices and applica tions – Personal vs home/office vs new device types – Diversity of devices matches market diversity • A fixed and mobile future – Broadban d wireesseless will connect peopl e – Optical fibre broadband will connect places – In some markets, wireless will connect both – Wireless will dominate broadband in Africa Choosing a wireless access technology

• Economies of scale • Stability, features and network cost • Terminal price and availability • Standards and interoperability • Backward compatibility • Terminal re‐use and customer retention • Network migration and equipment re‐use (vendors) • Spectrum • Lower frequencies for coverage and penetration • Global or regional band plan alignment • Economic basis of spectrum regulation • Roaming, multi‐band and multi‐standard devices Wireless roadmaps

3GPP GSM GPRS EDGE UMTS HSPA HSPA+ LTE LTE-A

3GPP2 CDMA EV-DO Rev.A Rev. B

IEEE WiFi WiMAX 802.16d 802.16e 802.16m RF technology: CDMA versus OFDMA

CDMA2000 1X and EV-DO are more efficient in bandwidths up to 5 MHz

OFDMA-based solutions offer a simpler implementation in bandwidths greater than 10 MHz Making broadband happen • US: President Barack Obama aims to ensure broadband access for all, thereby restoring the US ranking in broadband penetration. The minimum definition of broadband will be redrafted to meet 21st centu ry comm uni cati on s requir em ent s. • UK: New government policy promotes broadband for all, and Ofcom will require BT Openreach to offer new active fibre‐based broadband services. BT has announced an initial investment of £1.5 billion in fibre to the home . • South Africa: Minister of Communications, Siphiwe Nyanda, releases a draft national broadband ppyolicy. The South African National Broadband Forum proposes a framework to promote affordable broadband and restore South Africa’s global and continental ranking in . … which is all very well, but what about Local Loop Unbundling in South Africa? Global Broadband Growth

500

450

400

350

300

250 ions

Mill 200

150

100

50

0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Year

Source: Point Topic SA Population and Internet Users

60000000

50000000

40000000

30000000 Population Internet users 20000000

10000000

0 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Sources: UNISA Bureau of Market Research & World Wide Worx, extrapolated Neotel: Infrastructure for Broadband

• New high bandwidth national optical fbfibre bbkbackbone • New international submarine optica l fibre cable systems

MidrandMidrand PretoriaPretoria • High quality national and CBDCBD international Internet / IP RandburgRandburg SandtonSandton

RosebankRosebank • Carrier‐class voice on IP core KillarneyKillarney BrixtonBrixtonJo’burggg CBDCBD GermistonGermiston • New access networks • Optical fibre: FTTC ‐> FTTB/FTTH • wireless (CDMA2000) • Fixed wireless (WiMAX) • Metro Ethernet fibre access • World‐class Data Centres Thank You