Strategic Considerations for Command Officers--Student Manual
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Emergency Response to Terrorism: Strategic Considerations for Command Officers ERT:SCCO-Student Manual 2nd Edition, 2nd Printing-August 2001 DHS/USFA/NFA ERT:SCCO-SM Emergency Response to Terrorism: Strategic August 2001 2nd Edition, 2nd Printing Considerations for Command Officers Emergency Response to Terrorism: Strategic Considerations for Command Officers ERT:SCCO-Student Manual 2nd Edition, 2nd Printing-August 2001 EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO TERRORISM: STRATEGIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR COMMAND OFFICERS ii EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO TERRORISM: STRATEGIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR COMMAND OFFICERS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY PREPAREDNESS DIRECTORATE UNITED STATES FIRE ADMINISTRATION NATIONAL FIRE ACADEMY FOREWORD The U.S. Fire Administration (USFA), an important component of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Preparedness Directorate, serves the leadership of this Nation as the DHS's fire protection and emergency response expert. The USFA is located at the National Emergency Training Center (NETC) in Emmitsburg, Maryland, and includes the National Fire Academy (NFA), National Fire Data Center (NFDC), National Fire Programs (NFP), and the National Preparedness Network (PREPnet). The USFA also provides oversight and management of the Noble Training Center in Anniston, Alabama. The mission of the USFA is to save lives and reduce economic losses due to fire and related emergencies through training, research, data collection and analysis, public education, and coordination with other Federal agencies and fire protection and emergency service personnel. The USFA's National Fire Academy offers a diverse course delivery system, combining resident courses, off-campus deliveries in cooperation with State training organizations, weekend instruction, and online courses. The USFA maintains a blended learning approach to its course selections and course development. Resident courses are delivered at both the Emmitsburg campus and its Noble facility. Off-campus courses are delivered in cooperation with State and local fire training organizations to ensure this Nation's firefighters are prepared for the hazards they face. In recent years the growing threat of terrorism has given greater urgency to the need for up- to-date training on tactical considerations when dealing with a possible terrorist situation. The major focus for the U.S. fire service is to learn how to prepare for, identify, and respond to terrorist incidents, such as the Tokyo Sarin attack and the bombings at the World Trade Center and Oklahoma City. To this end, several training initiatives are underway at the National Fire Academy. The focus of this course is on fire service response to terrorism from the Command Officer's perspective. This course addresses the special needs of Command Officers responding to incidents that have been caused by terrorist action. The response builds upon the firm foundation provided by the curriculum offered at the NFA and adds specialized information concerning such topics as: • defining and recognizing terrorism/weapons of mass destruction; • emergency response: strategies and tactical options; • multiagency response; • intelligence and planning; and • documentation and evidence issues. iii EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO TERRORISM: STRATEGIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR COMMAND OFFICERS iv EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO TERRORISM: STRATEGIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR COMMAND OFFICERS TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword iii Table of Contents v List of Appendices vii Overview Course Goal ix Scope of the Course ix Target Audience x Course Methodology Presentations xi Course Schedule xiii Timetable of Events xv How to Use This Student Manual xvii Unit 1 Introduction SM 1-1 Unit 2 Defining Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction SM 2-1 Unit 3 Characteristics of Terrorist Incidents SM 3-1 Unit 4 Planning and Intelligence Gathering SM 4-1 Unit 5 Factors Influencing Strategic Decisions SM 5-1 Unit 6 Integrated Response to Terrorist Events SM 6-1 Unit 7 Incident Documentation and Evidence Preservation SM 7-1 Unit 8 Federal Response SM 8-1 v EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO TERRORISM: STRATEGIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR COMMAND OFFICERS vi EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO TERRORISM: STRATEGIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR COMMAND OFFICERS LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix A FBI Chemical/Biological Incident Contingency Plan SM A-1 Appendix B Supplemental Information on Self-Protection SM B-1 Appendix C Glossary SM C-1 Appendix D Bibliography SM D-1 Appendix E Supplemental Reading SM E-1 Appendix F ICS Forms Catalog SM F-1 Appendix G Presidential Decision Directive (PDD) 62 Fact Sheet SM G-1 vii EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO TERRORISM: STRATEGIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR COMMAND OFFICERS viii EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO TERRORISM: STRATEGIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR COMMAND OFFICERS OVERVIEW COURSE GOAL The goals of the course are to 1. Increase a Command Officer's ability to anticipate potential terrorist incident targets. 2. Increase a Command Officer's ability to respond effectively to a terrorist incident through coordinated planning, training, and exercising. 3. Increase a Command Officer's skills level to work in a team setting to address terrorist incidents. 4. Increase an emergency response department's ability to integrate local, State, and Federal resources to address a terrorist incident. The activities included in the course account for approximately one quarter of the class time. There are also limited supplemental readings. SCOPE OF THE COURSE This course is designed to introduce the experienced Command Officer to emergency response to terrorism. This course should give the Command Officer the ability to focus on the global strategic considerations and unique aspects introduced into emergency operations by the nature of terrorist events. It has a planning emphasis, and includes recognizing clues that a terrorist incident is in progress. Material presented in this course includes the Incident Command System (ICS) and details of Unified Command, Emergency Operations Center (EOC), and Multiagency Command (MAC). It is assumed that the student has an understanding of these systems. If you are unfamiliar with the ICS, it is recommended that you use the NFA's ICS Self-Study CD-ROM available from the National Emergency Training Center's (NETC) Learning Resource Center (LRC) to refresh your memory. ix EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO TERRORISM: STRATEGIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR COMMAND OFFICERS TARGET AUDIENCE The primary target audience for this course is individuals (chief officers, emergency managers, shift commanders, etc.) who hold command-level positions in their organizations. These people should have command and control responsibilities on incidents involving terrorism, and be familiar with operating in an incident management structure. x EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO TERRORISM: STRATEGIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR COMMAND OFFICERS COURSE METHODOLOGY PRESENTATIONS Presentations are interactive lectures that, in some cases, include skill-based activities. Word slides have been used only for main points and, where possible, are accompanied by illustrative photos and graphics. xi EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO TERRORISM: STRATEGIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR COMMAND OFFICERS xii EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO TERRORISM: STRATEGIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR COMMAND OFFICERS COURSE SCHEDULE UNIT TITLE Unit 1 Introduction Unit 2 Defining Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction Unit 3 Characteristics of Terrorist Incidents Unit 4 Planning and Intelligence Gathering Unit 5 Factors Influencing Strategic Decisions Unit 6 Integrated Response to Terrorist Events Unit 7 Incident Documentation and Evidence Preservation Unit 8 Federal Response xiii EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO TERRORISM: STRATEGIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR COMMAND OFFICERS xiv EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO TERRORISM: STRATEGIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR COMMAND OFFICERS TIMETABLE OF EVENTS When Student Prior to class Complete Emergency Response to Terrorism: Self Study (ERT:SS) and/or Emergency Response to Terrorism: Basic Concepts (ERT:BC) course(s). Day Travel. before class begins Day 1 AM: Sunday Units 1 to 4. PM: Unit 5. FRP and PDD-39 readings. Select evidence and scene control readings. Day 2 AM: Monday Units 6 and 7. PM: Unit 8. xv EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO TERRORISM: STRATEGIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR COMMAND OFFICERS xvi EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO TERRORISM: STRATEGIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR COMMAND OFFICERS HOW TO USE THIS STUDENT MANUAL Use this Student Manual (SM) as a reference document for topics listed in the Table of Contents. It includes upfront material describing the length and purpose of the course as well as a content outline section including activity directions. Extensive Appendices follow the text. The Appendices are a very useful part of this course. Appendix B is from source material provided in the Emergency Response to Terrorism: Basic Concepts (ERT:BC) course. Use these to develop greater depth from the course. Appendix C is the Glossary for the Student Manual (SM) and selected readings. The Bibliography, another way of introducing you to a resource for greater depth, is found in Appendix D. For your convenience, this includes all the references from the Bibliography in the ERT: BC course as well as new entries we have identified. Another way to achieve greater insight into issues surrounding first responders and terrorism is to consult other existing courses. Additional courses in this series are Emergency Response to Terrorism: Basic Concepts (ERT:BC), Emergency Response to Terrorism: Self-Study (ERT:SS), Emergency Response to Terrorism: Incident Management (ERT:IM), Emergency Response to Terrorism: Tactical Considerations: Emergency Medical Services (ERT:TC: EMS), Emergency Response