Strategic Considerations for Command Officers--Student Manual
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Chemical Warfare Agent (CWA) Identification Overview
Physicians for Human Rights Chemical Warfare Agent (CWA) Identification Overview Chemical Warfare Agent Identification Fact Sheet Series Table of Contents This Chemical Warfare Agent (CWA) Identification Fact Sheet is part 2 Physical Properties of a Physicians for Human Rights (PHR) series designed to fill a gap in 2 VX (Nerve Agent) 2 Sarin (Nerve Agent) knowledge among medical first responders to possible CWA attacks. 2 Tabun (Nerve Agent) This document in particular outlines differences between a select 2 BZ (Incapacitating Agent) group of vesicants and nerve agents, the deployment of which would 2 Mustard Gas (Vesicant) necessitate emergency medical treatment and documentation. 3 Collecting Samples to Test for Exposure 4 Protection PHR hopes that, by referencing these fact sheets, medical professionals 5 Symptoms may be able to correctly diagnose, treat, and document evidence of 6 Differential Diagnosis exposure to CWAs. Information in this fact sheet has been compiled from 8 Decontimanation 9 Treatment publicly available sources. 9 Abbreviations A series of detailed CWA fact sheets outlining in detail those properties and treatment regimes unique to each CWA is available at physiciansforhumanrights.org/training/chemical-weapons. phr.org Chemical Warfare Agent (CWA) Identification Overview 1 Collect urine samples, and blood and hair samples if possible, immediately after exposure Physical Properties VX • A lethal dose (10 mg) of VX, absorbed through the skin, can kill within minutes (Nerve Agent) • Can remain in environment for weeks -
Bioterrorism and Biocrimes: the Illicit Use of Biological Agents Since 1900
WORKING PAPER Bioterrorism and Biocrimes The Illicit Use of Biological Agents Since 1900 W. Seth Carus August 1998 (February 2001 Revision) Center for Counterproliferation Research National Defense University Washington, D.C. Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the author, and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Defense University, the Department of Defense, or any other U.S. Government agency. This study documents numerous instances in which someone claimed that individuals or groups engaged in criminal conduct. The sources of the allegations are documented in the text. Every effort has been made to distinguish between instances in which the alleged conduct led to criminal convictions and those that were never authoritatively proven. This is a work in progress. The author welcomes comments, especially those that correct errors, identify additional cases for research, or identify additional sources of information on any of the existing cases. Because additional research can change conclusions based on this data, the author encourages readers to contact him before they use of any of the data discussed in this manuscript. Please direct comments to the following address: Dr. W. Seth Carus Center for Counterproliferation Research National Defense University Fort McNair, Building 62, Room 211 Washington, D.C. 20319-6000 Voice: 202-685-2242 Fax: 202-685-2264 E-mail: [email protected] ii Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS......................................................................................................................... -
Reference Manual to Mitigate Potential Terrorist Attacks Against Buildings December 2003
Risk Management Series Reference Manual to Mitigate Potential Terrorist Attacks Against Buildings December 2003 FEMA FEMA 426 FEMA 426 / December 2003 RISK MANAGEMENT SERIES Reference Manual to Mitigate Potential Terrorist Attacks Against Buildings PROVIDING PROTECTION TO PEOPLE AND BUILDINGS www.fema.gov Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of FEMA. Additionally, neither FEMA or any of its employees makes any warrantee, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, product, or process included in this publication. Users of information from this publication assume all liability arising from such use. he creation of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is one of the most significant transformations in the Federal Government in decades, establishing a department T whose first priority is to protect the nation against terrorist attacks. Within the DHS, the Directorate of Emergency Preparedness and Response (EP&R) is focused on ensuring that our nation is prepared for catastrophes, including both natural disasters and terrorist assaults. Central to this mission is the protection of people and the critical infrastructure of the built environment. This Reference Manual to Mitigate Potential Terrorist Attacks Against Buildings provides guidance to the building science community of architects and engineers, to reduce physical damage to buildings, related infrastructure, and people caused by terrorist assaults. The comprehensive approach to understanding how to improve security in high occupancy buildings will better protect the nation from potential threats by identifying key actions and design criteria to strengthen our buildings from the forces that might be anticipated in a terrorist assault. -
Conflict by the Numbers: the Story of Conflict Through Mathematics
CHAPTER∏ 1 CONFLICT BY THE NUMBERS: THE STORY OF CONFLICT THROUGH MATHEMATICS Conflict is part of our everyday lives. It is everywhere. When people think of the word conflict, they often think of war. War is indeed a conflict, but it isn’t the only one. Conflicts range from person vs. self to society vs. society. Conflict could be destructive, but it can also be positive. Math and science are subjects that usually have a right or wrong answer. They aren’t anything like English or history where everything is elaborate. Math and science are concise, but they can like history or English, tell stories. Math and science are able to prove theories, make sense out of things and create evidence that can help to tell a story of conflict. ∏SECTION 1 History/Background of Mustard Gas History Uses Mustard gas was possibly discovered first by Cesar-Mansuete Despretez in Mustard gas was used in chemical warfare. It was used as a weapon by 1822. Despretez, however described the reaction of sulfur dichloride and dispensing it into the air as a vapor. It causes ill effects and it is an ethylene, but never described the harmful affects mustard gas has, therefore incapacitating agent. this discovery is not certain. This situation repeated itself in 1854, when Alfred Symptoms Riche didn’t describe the affects of mustard gas, making his Skin: redness and itching of the skin may occur 2 to 48 hours after exposure discovery doubtful as well. and change eventually to yellow blistering of the skin. However in 1860, Frederick Eyes: irritation, pain, swelling, and tearing may occur within 3 to12 hours of a Guthrie noted the irritating mild to moderate exposure. -
Practical LSD Manufacture Free
FREE PRACTICAL LSD MANUFACTURE PDF Uncle Fester | 135 pages | 01 Feb 2007 | FESTERING PUBN | 9780970148575 | English | United Kingdom Erowid Library/Bookstore : 'Practical LSD Manufacture' Contact me! My work has not gone unnoticed! I'm very sure you will chuckle uncontrollably as you read these somewhat exaggerated, but very entertaining stories Or if your interest varies, check out my friends at Earthlight Books. Order Now. New 8. I wrote the original edition of this book in while doing time for making meth. Eight editions later it is still the most comprehensive and reliable source for all the info and detailed explanation of techniques related to making meth. Practical LSD Manufacture closely related compounds MDA and MDMA X or Ecstacy and other psychedelic amphetamines are also covered, with detailed instructions for their manufacture from commonly available essential oils. This tour de force of clandestine ingenuity has been the training ground for champions for over 20 years, and makes clear the futility of what Practical LSD Manufacture officials and their media lapdogs call "the war on drugs". Police state goon squads and their lowest common denominator, pandering politician masters Practical LSD Manufacture exposed Practical LSD Manufacture what they are in underground classic. It's my pleasure to show that they have bitten off more than they Practical LSD Manufacture chew, and so it is my pleasure to stuff it down their throats while holding them up to the only thing they dread: public ridicule and demonstrations of their impotence. This book heaps both upon their heads, in liberal portions! Read an article by clicking here Click here to read a great review! Read a testimonial by,"The Aussie Clandestine Chemist" by Practical LSD Manufacture here. -
Organization and ELISA-Based Results of the First Proficiency Testing to Evaluate the Ability of European Union Laboratories To
toxins Article Organization and ELISA-Based Results of the First Proficiency Testing to Evaluate the Ability of European Union Laboratories to Detect Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Type B (SEB) in Buffer and Milk Yacine Nia 1,†, Mélanie Rodriguez 1,†, Reinhard Zeleny 2, Sabine Herbin 1, Frédéric Auvray 1, Uwe Fiebig 3, Marc-André Avondet 4, Amalia Munoz 2 and Jacques-Antoine Hennekinne 1,* 1 Laboratory for food safety, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort F-94700, France; [email protected] (Y.N.); [email protected] (M.R.); [email protected] (S.H.); [email protected] (F.A.) 2 Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, European Commission, Retieseweg 111, Geel 2440, Belgium; [email protected] (R.Z.); [email protected] (A.M.) 3 Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens Biological Toxins, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin 13353, Germany; [email protected] 4 LABOR SPIEZ, Eidgenössisches Departement für Verteidigung, Bevölkerungsschutz und Sport VBS Bundesamt für Bevölkerungsschutz BABS, Spiez 3700, Switzerland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +33-1-49772624; Fax: +33-1-49772650 † These authors contributed equally to this work. Academic Editors: Andreas Rummel and Brigitte G. Dorner Received: 1 June 2016; Accepted: 31 August 2016; Published: 13 September 2016 Abstract: The aim of this work was to organize the first proficiency test (PT) dedicated to staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) detection in milk and buffer solutions. This paper describes the organization of the PT trial according to EN ISO 17043 requirements. Characterization of the SEB stock solution was performed using SDS-PAGE and SE-specific ELISA, and amino acid analysis was used to assign its protein concentration. -
Chemical and Biochemical Non-Lethal Weapons Political and Technical Aspects
SIPRI Policy Paper CHEMICAL AND 23 BIOCHEMICAL November 2008 NON-LETHAL WEAPONS Political and Technical Aspects ronald g. sutherland STOCKHOLM INTERNATIONAL PEACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE SIPRI is an independent international institute for research into problems of peace and conflict, especially those of arms control and disarmament. It was established in 1966 to commemorate Sweden’s 150 years of unbroken peace. The Institute is financed mainly by a grant proposed by the Swedish Government and subsequently approved by the Swedish Parliament. The staff and the Governing Board are international. The Institute also has an Advisory Committee as an international consultative body. The Governing Board is not responsible for the views expressed in the publications of the Institute. GOVERNING BOARD Ambassador Rolf Ekéus, Chairman (Sweden) Dr Willem F. van Eekelen, Vice-Chairman (Netherlands) Dr Alexei G. Arbatov (Russia) Jayantha Dhanapala (Sri Lanka) Dr Nabil Elaraby (Egypt) Rose E. Gottemoeller (United States) Professor Mary Kaldor (United Kingdom) Professor Ronald G. Sutherland (Canada) The Director DIRECTOR Dr Bates Gill (United States) Signalistgatan 9 SE-169 70 Solna, Sweden Telephone: +46 8 655 97 00 Fax: +46 8 655 97 33 Email: [email protected] Internet: www.sipri.org Chemical and Biochemical Non-lethal Weapons Political and Technical Aspects SIPRI Policy Paper No. 23 ronald g. sutherland STOCKHOLM INTERNATIONAL PEACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE November 2008 All substances are poisons; there is none which is not a poison. The right dose differentiates a poison and a remedy. Paracelsus (1493–1541) © SIPRI 2008 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of SIPRI or as expressly permitted by law. -
Chemical Weapons Technology Section 4—Chemical Weapons Technology
SECTION IV CHEMICAL WEAPONS TECHNOLOGY SECTION 4—CHEMICAL WEAPONS TECHNOLOGY Scope Highlights 4.1 Chemical Material Production ........................................................II-4-8 4.2 Dissemination, Dispersion, and Weapons Testing ..........................II-4-22 • Chemical weapons (CW) are relatively inexpensive to produce. 4.3 Detection, Warning, and Identification...........................................II-4-27 • CW can affect opposing forces without damaging infrastructure. 4.4 Chemical Defense Systems ............................................................II-4-34 • CW can be psychologically devastating. • Blister agents create casualties requiring attention and inhibiting BACKGROUND force efficiency. • Defensive measures can be taken to negate the effect of CW. Chemical weapons are defined as weapons using the toxic properties of chemi- • Donning of protective gear reduces combat efficiency of troops. cal substances rather than their explosive properties to produce physical or physiologi- • Key to employment is dissemination and dispersion of agents. cal effects on an enemy. Although instances of what might be styled as chemical weapons date to antiquity, much of the lore of chemical weapons as viewed today has • CW are highly susceptible to environmental effects (temperature, its origins in World War I. During that conflict “gas” (actually an aerosol or vapor) winds). was used effectively on numerous occasions by both sides to alter the outcome of • Offensive use of CW complicates command and control and battles. A significant number of battlefield casualties were sustained. The Geneva logistics problems. Protocol, prohibiting use of chemical weapons in warfare, was signed in 1925. Sev- eral nations, the United States included, signed with a reservation forswearing only the first use of the weapons and reserved the right to retaliate in kind if chemical weapons were used against them. -
Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare, Index
Index INDEX A Aircrew uniform, integrated battlefield (AUIB), 373 Air delivery Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, 398, 409–410 history, 28, 31, 34–35, 49–50 See also Edgewood Arsenal, Maryland See also Aerosol; Inhalational injury; specific agent ABG Airplane smoke tanks, 31 See Arterial blood gases (ABG) AIT Abortion See Aeromedical Isolation Team (AIT) septic, in brucellosis, 516 Alarms, 377–383 Abrin, 610, 632 biological agent, 431 Abrus precatorius, 610, 632 history, 23, 53, 60–62, 66–67 AC LOPAIR, E33 Area Scanning, 53 See Hydrogen cyanide (AC) M8A1 Automatic Chemical Agent, 380–381 Acetaminophen, 627 M21 Remote Sensing Chemical Agent (RSCAAL), 381 Acetylcholine (ACh), 132–134, 136, 159, 647 Portable Automatic Chemical Agent, 60–62 Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), 131–132, 134, 182–184 See also Detection Acetylene tetrachloride, 34 Alastrim, 543 Acid hydrolysis, 355 Alexander, Stewart, 103 Action potential, 133 Algal toxins, 457, 609, 617 Activated charcoal, 217, 362–363, 366, 370, 373, 670 Alimentary toxic aleukia (ATA), 659, 667 Adamsite Alkaline hydrolysis, 355 See DM (diphenylaminearsine) Allergic contact sensitivity, 238–239, 249, 314, 316–317 Additives, 122 a -Naphthylthiourea (ANTU), 638 Adenine arabinoside (Ara-A), 553 Alphaviruses, 562 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 275, 383, 431 antigenic classification, 564–565 S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase inhibitors, 552 structure and replication, 569–570 Adenoviridae, 575, 683 See also Viral encephalitides; specific virus Adrenaline, 132 Alphavirus virion, 569 Adrenergic nervous system, -
WASHINGTON STATE PATROL CRIME LABORATORY DIVISION Clandestine Laboratory Analysis Training Maual
Washington State Patrol Crime Laboratory Divison Clandestine Laboratory Training Manual WASHINGTON STATE PATROL CRIME LABORATORY DIVISION Clandestine Laboratory Analysis Training Maual November 2017 Washington State Patrol Crime Laboratory Divison Clandestine Laboratory Training Manual 1. Manual Overview ..................................................................................................................... 6 1.1. Purpose and Scope ........................................................................................................................... 6 1.2. Organization of the Training Manual ................................................................................................. 6 2. History of methamphetamine ................................................................................................... 7 2.1. Objectives .......................................................................................................................................... 7 2.2. Required Readings ............................................................................................................................ 7 2.3. Suggested Readings ......................................................................................................................... 7 2.4. Study/Discussion Exercises .............................................................................................................. 7 3. Introduction to clandestine laboratory analysis ........................................................................ -
Emergency Response to Terrorism: Tactical Considerations: Emergency Medical Services
FEMA/USFA/NFA-ERT:TC-EMS-SM STUDENT MANUAL March 2000 Emergency Response to Terrorism: Tactical Considerations: Emergency Medical Services FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY UNITED STATES FIRE ADMINISTRATION NATIONAL FIRE ACADEMY EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO TERRORISM: TACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS: EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES ii EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO TERRORISM: TACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS: EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES Federal Emergency Management Agency United States Fire Administration National Fire Academy FOREWORD The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) was established in 1979. FEMA's mission is to focus Federal effort on preparedness for, mitigation of, response to, and recovery from emergencies encompassing the full range of natural and manmade disasters. FEMA's National Emergency Training Center (NETC) in Emmitsburg, Maryland, includes the United States Fire Administration (USFA), its National Fire Academy (NFA), and the Emergency Management Institute (EMI). To achieve the USFA's legislated mandate (under Public Law 93-498, October 29, 1974), "to advance the professional development of fire service personnel and of other persons engaged in fire prevention and control activities," the U.S. Fire Administration has developed an effective program linkage with established fire training systems which exist at the State and local levels. It is the responsibility of the USFA to support and strengthen these delivery systems. The field courses of the USFA's National Fire Academy have been sponsored by the respective State fire training systems in every State. In recent years the growing threat of terrorism has given greater visibility to the need for up-to-date training on tactical considerations when dealing with a possible terrorist situation. The major focus for the American fire service is to learn how to prepare for, identify, and respond to terrorist incidents, such as the Tokyo Sarin attack and the bombings at the World Trade Center and Oklahoma City. -
Staphylococcal Enterotoxins, Stayphylococcal Enterotoxin B and Bioterrorism
3 Staphylococcal Enterotoxins, Stayphylococcal Enterotoxin B and Bioterrorism Martha L. Hale United States Army Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Toxicology Division, Fort Detrick, USA 1. Introduction Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) are exotoxins produced primarily by Staphylococcus aureus, which is a ubiquitous microorganism with world-wide distribution (Bergdoll, 1983; Dinges et al., 2000). SEs are a major cause of food poisoning and they are also potent immune activators that lead to serious immune dysfunction (Alouf and Muller-Alouf, 2003; McCormick et al., 2001). Unlike most toxins, SEs are not directly cytotoxic and cell entry is not a requirement for them to cause an effect. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) place one SE, staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), as a select agent based on its universal availability, ease of production and dissemination, and the potential to cause moderate but widespread illnesses. Additionally, because these agents are common to the environment and the diseases they cause are similar to other diseases, Category B agents require close environmental monitoring and enhanced disease surveillance (http://www.bt.cdc.gov/bioterrorism/). Many biothreat agents are common inhabitants of the soil and animals, and are known to cause disease in areas where they are indigenous. SEs present an additional problem in that SE-producing S. aureus are found throughout the world, and are known to produce a variety of illnesses, so that detection of a possible bioterrorist attack may be more problematic than those of other agents (Ahanotou, et al., 2006). The following sections describe SEB’s history as a biowarfare agent and its possible use as a bioterrorism agent.