Post-translational Modifications of Amino Acids Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitylation, and others are critical regulators of protein activity and function. Understanding the role of PTMs in disease states is an ongoing effort towards the development of novel biomarkers and therapeutics.

Distribution of post-translational modifications across amino acids

Alanine (A) Cysteine (C) Aspartic Acid (D) Glutamic Acid (E) Phenylalanine (F) Glycine (G) Histidine (H) Isoleucine (I) Acetylation Acetylation Acetylation Acetylation Acetylation Acetylation Acetylation Acetylation Methylation ADP-ribosylation Caspase cleavage Caspase cleavage Caspase cleavage Caspase cleavage Caspase cleavage Caspase cleavage O-linked Glycosylation Methylation Hydroxylation Hydroxylation Hydroxylation Hydroxylation Hydroxylation Hydroxylation Nitration N-linked Glycosylation N-linked Glycosylation N-linked Glycosylation N-linked Glycosylation N-linked Glycosylation N-linked Glycosylation Oxidation Phosphorylation Phosphorylation Phosphorylation Phosphorylation Phosphorylation Phosphorylation Palmitoylation Prenylation S-nitrosylation Lysine (K) Leucine (L) Acetylation Hydroxylation Hydroxylation Methylation Methylation Myristoylation Tyrosine (Y) N-linked Glycosylation Methionine (M) Acetylation Neddylation Acetylation Hydroxylation O-linked Glycosylation Formylation Nitration Palmitoylation Methylation O-linked Glycosylation Sumoylation Oxidation Phosphorylation Ubiquitylation Ubiquitylation Sulfation Asparagine (N) Acetylation Valine (V) Tryptophan (W) ADP-ribosylation Acetylation Hydroxylation Citrullination Hydroxylation Methylation Hydroxylation Prenylation Methylation Ubiquitylation N-linked Glycosylation

Threonine (T) Proline (P) Acetylation Acetylation Methylation Hydroxylation O-linked Glycosylation Methylation Palmitoylation O-linked Glycosylation Phosphorylation Sulfation Glutamine (Q) Methylation

Serine (S) Arginine (R) Acetylation Acetylation Methylation ADP-ribosylation N-linked Glycosylation Citrullination O-linked Glycosylation Hydroxylation Palmitoylation Methylation Phosphorylation N-linked Glycosylation Prenylation Phosphorylation Sulfation

Abundance of post-translation modifications for each amino acid AMINO ACIDS MODIFICATION A C D E F G H I K L M N P Q R S T V W Y

Acetylation

ADP-ribosylation Caspase cleavage Citrullination Formylation Hydroxylation Methylation Myristoylation

N-linked Glycosylation

Neddylation Nitration O-linked Glycosylation Oxidation Palmitoylation

Phosphorylation >150000

Prenylation S-nitrosylation Sulfation Sumoylation

Ubiquitylation

KEY

<100 100 ≤500 1000 ≤5000 10000 www.cellsignal.com/ptmscan

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