DOCSLIB.ORG

A Review of the Ecohydrology of the Sakumo Wetland in Ghana

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Review of the Ecohydrology of the Sakumo Wetland in Ghana See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282645343 A review of the ecohydrology of the Sakumo wetland in Ghana Article in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment · October 2015 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4872-0 CITATIONS READS 0 126 5 authors, including: Yongxin Xu Shiloh Osae University of the Western Cape Ghana Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC) 70 PUBLICATIONS 295 CITATIONS 13 PUBLICATIONS 144 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE S. B. Dampare Ghana Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC) 65 PUBLICATIONS 771 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE All content following this page was uploaded by Yongxin Xu on 04 March 2016. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in blue are added to the original document and are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately. Environ Monit Assess (2015) 187: 671 DOI 10.1007/s10661-015-4872-0 A review of the ecohydrology of the Sakumo wetland in Ghana Cynthia Nonterah & Yongxin Xu & Shiloh Osae & Thomas T. Akiti & Samuel B. Dampare Received: 15 January 2015 /Accepted: 16 September 2015 /Published online: 6 October 2015 # Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 Abstract The Sakumo wetland is an internationally water quality. Rapid urbanization, industrialization, recognized Ramsar site located in a largely urban and overexploitation of wetland resources were iden- area and provides essential ecological and social tified as key causative factors affecting the wetland services to wetland community dwellers. Despite its functions. Their effects on the wetland among others importance, the wetland has over the years been include increased nutrient and toxic chemical load subjected to human interference resulting in consid- which has resulted in reduced wetland surface water erable risks of deteriorating water quality, biodiversi- quality and decrease in species diversity. pH of the ty loss, and drying up of most parts of the wetland. wetland waters was generally alkaline which is char- The conversion of land for residential and agricul- acteristic of water bodies influenced by seawater tural uses has significantly altered the hydrological under oxygenated conditions. The increasing trends characteristics of the land surface and modified path- of electrical conductivity, phosphates, ammonia, ni- ways and flow of water into the wetland. Other trate, and nitrite, though small, point to deteriorating drivers identified included drainage (mainly as runoff water quality in the wetland. The lagoon water was from agricultural farms), anthropogenic pressure observed to be heavily polluted with nutrients par- (waste discharge) due to infrastructure development ticularly phosphate. The sequence of nutrient in the associated with urbanization, chemical contamination wetland was found to be in the order of PO4-P > as a result of industrial and household pollution, and NH3-N > NO3-N > NO2-N. These, if not checked, unsustainable fishing practices (overfishing). The pur- will result in further deterioration of the wetland pose of the study was to review some of the phys- function. In order to protect the wetland structure ical and chemical properties of the Sakumo wetland and function, it is recommended that a determination on the changing wetland resources with emphasis on for both surface water and groundwater (quality and quantity) components of the ecological reserve : : (aquatic ecosystem) as well as the basic human need C. Nonterah (*) T. T. Akiti S. B. Dampare should be undertaken. In addition, a complete hydro- Graduate School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of logical study of the wetland must be done. This will Ghana, Atomic Campus, Legon, Ghana e-mail: [email protected] enable a well-balanced water allocation scheme to all : users while still ensuring long-term survival and C. Nonterah Y. X u sustainability of the wetland. Department of Earth Sciences, University of the Western Cape, P’ Bag X 17, Bellville 7535, South Africa Keywords Hydrochemical characterization . Sakumo C. Nonterah : S. Osae National Nuclear Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy wetland . Water quality . Shallow groundwater. Stable Commission, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon, Ghana isotopes . Ecological water requirements . Water quantity 671 Page 2 of 14 Environ Monit Assess (2015) 187: 671 Introduction mixing of seawater and wetland water. These methods often seem to be unable to characterize and differentiate The Sakumo wetland is an internationally recognized the origins of the pollutants as well as recommend Ramsar site located in a largely urban area with a grow- appropriate water quality standards needed to meet the ing population. The wetland provides essential ecolog- requirements of all users. However, the use of combina- ical and social economic services to the wetland com- tion of the stable isotopes of water and the radioactive munities. However, over the years, the wetland has land isotope, tritium (3H), has been known to provide better use changes that have been influenced by largely due to understanding of wetland hydrological dynamics. This human interference. This is due to the conversion of is yet to be explored in the Sakumo wetland. land for residential and agricultural purposes. The con- With regard to water-related problems, resource- version of land to agricultural and residential uses has directed measures (RDM) can be developed to assess the tendency to significantly alter the hydrological char- the environmental flow requirements of the wetland. acteristics of the land surface and also modify pathways The objective of RDM is to ensure the protection of and rates of water flow to the wetland. The wetland is water resources, in the sense of protecting ecosystem threatened by pollution from domestic and industrial functioning and maintaining a desired state of health solid/liquid waste, overexploitation, and urbanization (integrity or condition). This objective can be met due to burgeoning human population. Urbanization in through various processes, including the setting of the the wetland is a major cause of impairment of water ecological reserve (the quantity and quality of water quality (Anku 2006). This has resulted in short- and reserved to support ecosystem function). Although rel- long-term impacts including a decrease long-term deep atively new especially in developing countries like and shallow groundwater recharge, lowering of the wa- Ghana, RDM studies have been conducted for estuaries, ter table which may, in turn, dry up the wetland, and rivers, forest, and grassland ecosystem (Colvin et al. produce intermittent dry streams during periods of low 2002;Xuetal.2002;Yangetal.2009). A successful flows. These human impacts have negatively impacted classification scheme of the Sakumo wetland will pro- on the wetland drainage processes that have affected the vide a balance between protection of the wetland water quality and quantity of wetland water which, in turn, resources and socioeconomic development in order to affects the ecological health and functions of the maximize the welfare of the communities within the wetland. wetland catchment. The findings will also be applicable Despite the significance of the wetland as a unique to many other wetlands along the coast of Ghana with habitat in Ghana, very few published studies have fo- similar morphological and land use characteristics, cused on quantifying water inflow and abstraction from many of which are subject to increasing pressure from the wetland. Most studies have examined the value of urbanization. the wetland from the perspective of fish (Pauly 1976; Questions like: is the wetland a groundwater depen- Koranteng 1995) or birds (Ntiamoa-Baidu 1991; dent ecosystem (GDE) or is it rain-fed; is the wetland Gbogbo and Attuquayefio 2010). Many water quality/ losing or gaining water; what are the flow rates suitable pollution studies (Koranteng 1995; Yawson 2003;Edor for ensuring an ecologically balance state of the wetland 2008; Asmah et al. 2008; Nartey et al. 2011) have remain unresolved. The understanding of surface water focused on the physicochemical dynamics, nutrient and groundwater (quality and quantity) components of and pollutant fluxes, and heavy metal contamination. the ecological reserve (aquatic ecosystem) as well as the These studies however did not consider the whole wet- basic human need in the wetland will be a prerequisite land catchment but focused on the lagoon. The coverage for mapping out an allocation scheme to all users (e.g., of pollution and water quality studies on the lagoon fishing, agriculture, biodiversity, and tourism) while still alone is inadequate for a complete understanding of ensuring the long-term survival and sustainability of the the extent of changes within the wetland. Also, few wetland. water pollution studies have employed simple hydrochemical tools and stable isotopes of O-18 and D Study area in assessing the quality of the wetland water. Laar et al. (2011) used stable isotopes of water (δ18Oandδ2H) to Ghana is located in West Africa on the Guinea coast. At infer source of waters into the wetland and the effect of latitudes of 4–12° N, the climate of Ghana is tropical Environ Monit Assess (2015) 187: 671 Page 3 of 14 671 and strongly influenced by the West African Monsoon. Climate Ghana’s climate is influenced by three air masses name- ly the South-West Monsoon, the North-East Trade The Sakumo wetland lies within the coastal savannah Winds (Tropical Continental
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ghana Marine Canoe Frame Survey 2016
    INFORMATION REPORT NO 36 Republic of Ghana Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development FISHERIES COMMISSION Fisheries Scientific Survey Division REPORT ON THE 2016 GHANA MARINE CANOE FRAME SURVEY BY Dovlo E, Amador K, Nkrumah B et al August 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................... 2 LIST of Table and Figures .................................................................................................................... 3 Tables............................................................................................................................................... 3 Figures ............................................................................................................................................. 3 1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 4 1.1 BACKGROUND 1.2 AIM OF SURVEY ............................................................................................................................. 5 2.0 PROFILES OF MMDAs IN THE REGIONS ......................................................................................... 5 2.1 VOLTA REGION .......................................................................................................................... 6 2.2 GREATER ACCRA REGION .........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Parasitic Infections and Maternal Anaemia Among Expectant Mothers
    Tay et al. BMC Res Notes (2017) 10:3 DOI 10.1186/s13104-016-2327-5 BMC Research Notes RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Parasitic infections and maternal anaemia among expectant mothers in the Dangme East District of Ghana Samuel Crowther Kofi Tay1, Emmanuel Agbeko Nani1 and Williams Walana2* Abstract Background: Parasitic infections are of public health concern globally, particular among at risk groups such as preg- nant women in developing countries. The presence of these parasites during pregnancy potentiate adverse effects to both the mother and the unborn baby. This study sought to establish the prevalence of some parasitic agents among antenatal attendees in the Dangme East District of Ghana. A cross-sectional prospective study was conduct between April and July, 2012. Venous blood specimens were collected from each participant for haemoglobin estimation and malaria microscopy. In addition participants’ early morning mid-stream urine and stool specimens were analyzed microscopically for parasitic agents. Results: A total of 375 pregnant women were involved in the study, of which anaemia was present in 66.4% (249/375). However, parasitic infections associated anaemia prevalence was 49.6% (186/375). In all, 186 cases of para- sitic infections were observed; 171 (44.0%) were single isolated infections while 15 (4.0%) were co-infections. Plasmo- dium species were significantly associated with anaemia (13.3%, χ2 23.290, p < 0.001). Also, the presence of Schisto- soma haematobium (3.7%, χ2 7.267, p 0.008), Schistosoma mansoni= (5.3%, χ2 5.414, p 0.023) and hookworm (3.7%, χ2 11.267, p 0.008)= were significantly= associated with anaemia in pregnancy.= Except= where co-infections exist (3.7%,= χ2 11.267,= p 0.001), the rest of the single infections were insignificantly associated with anaemia.
    [Show full text]
  • Health Care and Infrastructure in Accra, Ghana
    Health Care and Infrastructure in Accra, Ghana Jennifer L. Pehr Advanced Issues in Urban Planning 27 April 2010 Page 1 of 21 Introduction Ghana, located in West Africa, was the first of the colonized countries in Africa to declare its independence. Accra is Ghana‟s capital city, and serves as the geographic and economic gateway to this region. The city‟s diverse economy is home to both local and regional traders as well as many international companies. Since its independence, Accra‟s population has increased rapidly. In 1957, the city had a population of approximately 190,000 (Grant &Yankson, 2003); today, the city‟s population is estimated to be over three million (Millennium Cities Initiative website). Accra experienced a period of rapid spatial expansion in the 1980s, and has been urbanizing rapidly ever since. Much of the city‟s growth has not been planned, and as a result, Accra‟s spatial expansion in recent years has occurred in some of the poorest areas of the city. This unfettered and unplanned growth has had severe implications for the population of Accra, and is most pronounced in the lack of basic urban infrastructure, including water and sanitation, transportation, education and health care in many parts of the city. In January 2010, Accra partnered with the Millennium Cities Initiative (MCI) to become a “Millennium City.” MCI works with underserved urban areas in sub-Saharan Africa to help them eradicate extreme poverty and to attain the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) (MCI website). To fully realize a city‟s social and economic potential, needs assessments are conducted in many areas, including education, gender, water and sanitation, health and opportunities for economic development and foreign direct investment.
    [Show full text]
  • Flooding in the Greater Accra Region Claims 12 Lives on April 15, 2019
    Flooding in the Greater Accra Region claims 12 lives on April 15, 2019 BACKGROUND/ DEMOGRAPHY Map of the Greater Accra Region ü The Greater Accra Region is the administrative capital of Ghana, occupying a total land area of 3,245 square kilometres. ü In terms of population, it is the second most populous region after the Ashanti Region, with a population of 4,010,054 according to the 2010 population census. This accounts for 15.4 per cent of Ghana’s total population. © Wikipedia ü Politically, administration of the region is organized through the Local Government system. Under this administration system, the region is divided into five districts namely Accra Metropolitan Area, Tema Municipal Area, Ga East District, Ga West District, Dangme West District and Dangme East District. ü The Accra Metropilitan Area is administered by a Chief Executive, representing the Central Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Accra_Region#/media/ Government but deriving authority from an File:Districts_of_the_Greater_Accra_Region_(2012).svg Assembly headed by a Presiding Member elected from the members of the Assembly. ü In the last few years, severe floods hit the capital city, Accra. For instance, on June 3rd 2015, heavy rains caused flooding that impacted many parts of the Greater Accra Region. Over 200 people lost their lives, many were displaced and a number of properties destroyed. ü In addition to this, are the costs of disrupted livelihoods and economic activities coupled with health risks brought about by the floods. INCIDENT PROFILE Following the recent rains that hit some parts of the country, 12 lives have been lost in the Greater Accra Region.
    [Show full text]
  • The Composite Budget of the Ada West District Assembly
    REPUBLIC OF GHANA THE COMPOSITE BUDGET OF THE ADA WEST DISTRICT ASSEMBLY FOR THE 2014 FISCAL YEAR Page | 1 For Copies of this MMDA’s Composite Budget, please contact the address below: The Coordinating Director, Ada West District Assembly Greater Accra Region This 2014 Composite Budget is also available on the internet at: www.mofep.gov.gh Page | 2 Contents SECTION I: ASSEMBLY’S COMPOSITE BUDGET STATEMENT BACKGROUND ...................................................................................................... 4 Establishment ....................................................................................................... 4 Area of Coverage .................................................................................................. 4 Population / Structure ........................................................................................... 4 District Economy .................................................................................................. 4 Roads .................................................................................................................. 6 Agriculture ........................................................................................................... 6 Industry .............................................................................................................. 6 Service, Trade and Commerce .............................................................................. 6 Education ...........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • THE REPUBLIC of GHANA Global Medium Term Note Programme
    THE REPUBLIC OF GHANA Global Medium Term Note Programme Under this Global Medium Term Note Programme (the “Programme”), the Republic of Ghana (the “Issuer”) may from time to time issue notes (the “Notes”) denominated in any currency agreed between the Issuer and the relevant Dealer (as defined below). Notes may be issued in bearer or registered form (respectively “Bearer Notes” and “Registered Notes”). The Notes may be issued on a continuing basis to one or more of the Dealers specified under “Overview of the Programme” and any additional Dealer appointed under the Programme from time to time by the Issuer (each a “Dealer” and together the “Dealers”), which appointment may be for a specific issue or on an ongoing basis. References in this Base Prospectus to the “relevant Dealer” shall, in the case of an issue of Notes being (or intended to be) subscribed by more than one Dealer, be to all Dealers agreeing to subscribe such Notes. An investment in Notes issued under the Programme involves certain risks. For a discussion of these risks see “Risk Factors”. This Base Prospectus has been approved as a base prospectus by the Financial Conduct Authority (the "FCA") as competent authority under Regulation (EU) 2017/1129 (the "Prospectus Regulation"). The FCA only approves this Base Prospectus as meeting the standards of completeness, comprehensibility and consistency imposed by the Prospectus Regulation. Approval by the FCA should not be considered as an endorsement of the Issuer or of the quality of the Notes that are the subject of this Base Prospectus. Investors should make their own assessment as to the suitability of the Notes.
    [Show full text]
  • RP Emerging Technologies Ghana
    Emerging Technologies for Climate Change Adaptation: A Case Study in Dangbe East District of Ghana African Technology Policy Studies Network RESEARCH PAPER | No. 9 Mahu Seth Agbeve Atsu Titiati Wilhemina Quaye Emerging Technologies for Climate Change Adaptation: A Case Study in Dangbe East District of Ghana Mahu Seth Agbeve Atsu Titiati TMT Energy Consult Ltd TMT Energy Consult Ltd Osu-Accra Osu-Accra Wilhemina Quaye Food Research Institute Accra Emerging Technologies for Climate Change Adaptation: A Case Study in Dangbe East District of Ghana Mahu Seth Agbeve Atsu Titiati TMT Energy Consult Ltd TMT Energy Consult Ltd Osu-Accra Osu-Accra Wilhemina Quaye Food Research Institute Accra Table of Contents Acknowledgement 4 Abstract 5 1. Introduction 6 2. Literature Review 9 3. Methodology 11 4. Results & Finding 16 5. Conclusions & Recommendations 37 References 39 Websites Consulted 40 The African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS) is a multi- disciplinary network of researchers, private sector actors and policy makers promoting the generation, dissemination, use and mastery of science, technology and innovation (ST&I) for African development, environmental sustainability and global inclusion. ATPS intends to achieve its mandate through research, capacity building and training, science communication/dissemination and sensitization, participatory multi-stakeholder dialogue, knowledge brokerage, and policy advocacy. Published by the African Technology Policy Studies Network P O Box 10081, 00100 GPO Nairobi Kenya 2011 Published by the African Technology Policy Studies Network ISBN: 978-9966-1552-7-6 Emerging Technologies for Climate Change Adaptation: A Case Study in Dangbe East District of Ghana | 3 Table of Contents Acknowledgement 4 Abstract 5 1.
    [Show full text]
  • For Local Governance in Ghana: Results from a Case Study of Dangme West District
    CBMS Network Session Paper Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS) for Local Governance in Ghana: Results from a Case Study of Dangme West District Felix A. Asante Abena Oduro A paper presented during the 5th PEP Research Network General Meeting, June 18-22, 2006, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS) for Local Governance in Ghana: Results from a Case Study of Dangme West District By Felix A. Asante Abena Oduro February, 2006 1 Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Local Government and Decentralization System 1.3 Evaluation of Existing Poverty Monitoring System 1.4 Objectives of the Study 2. Methodology 2.1 Welfare Indicators 2.2 Design of Survey Instrument 2.3 Field Survey and Data Collection 2.4 Problems, Challenges and Lessons Learnt 3. Analysis and Results 3.1 Social and Demographic Characteristics 3.2 Education 3.3 Political Participation (Electoral Process) 3.4 Employment 3.5 Health 3.6 Reproductive Health and Child Mortality 3.7 Housing Conditions 3.8 Provision of Basic Utilities 3.9 Expenditure and Livelihood 3.10 Peace and Order 3.11 Access to Social and Community Services and Programmes 4. Conclusions Appendix 1: Community-Based Monitoring System – Household Questionnaire 2 CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1.1 Background Since 1983, Ghana has implemented a number of programmes to stabilize the macro economy, promote growth and subsequently reduce poverty. The latest programme to be implemented by Ghana in her poverty reduction efforts is the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF). Ghana opted for the enhanced Highly Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) initiative of the Bretton Woods Institutions (BWIs) in February 2001.
    [Show full text]
  • M7 Ghana Gazette(
    7 M LI BRA Rv i! §jg I * ! gJfRcut- ' H * /y s&aii iM\Vu rv g i§ GHANA Ay/.i' K gS |p GAZETTE( \ Vgjgy Published by Authority No. 11 FRIDAY, 12th MARCH 2004 CONTENTS Page Notice of Publication of Legislative Instrument 176 Notice of Publication of Official Bulletins .. 176 The National Mid-Weekly Lotto Results .. 176 The National Weekly Lotto Results 176 Licence for the Celebration of Marriages—Public Place of Worship (Ref Ebenezer Presbyterian Church, Nyinahin) . 176 Licence for the Celebration of Marriages—Public Place of Worship (Ref Word Rased Chapel International, Kwashieman, Accra) 177 Licence for the Celebration of Marriages—Public Place of Worship (Ref -‘The Living Word 177 Teaching Ministry”.) 177 Change of Names 179 Change of Date of Birth LIBRARY i a.culty of uw f .•« .* "A’A 1L., L' A,v' -------------------------------------------- gjj^^ETTEJ^MARCH. 2004 177 . ™ ~ CBLCEBMTirSPMARR,AGES Regional >27) as amended. I, F. T. Nartey, following public place of worship for the celebration of Marriages* Co‘ord,nal,n? Council, do hereby license the Word Based Chapel International Kwashieman, Accra. Given under my hand at the office of the Greater Accra Regional Co-ordi 2004. nating Council, Accra this 5th day of March. F. T. NARTEY Regional Co-ordinating Director PUBLIC PLACE OF WORSHIP LICENCE FOR THE CELEBRATION OF MARRIAGES following public place of worship for the celebration of Marriages: “The Living Word Teaching Ministry”. Given under my hand at the office of the Greater Accra Regional Co-ordinating Council, Accra this 3rd day of March, 2004. F. T. NARTEY Regional Co-ordinating Director CHANGE OF NAMES 333.
    [Show full text]
  • Habitat III National Report
    GOVERNMENT OF GHANA MINISTRY OF L OCAL G OVERNMENT AND R URAL D EVELOPMENT Habitat III National Report THIRD UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON HOUSING AND SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT DECEMBER 2015 GOVERNMENT OF GHANA MINISTRY OF L OCAL G OVERNMENT AND R URAL D EVELOPMENT Habitat III National Report THIRD UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON HOUSING AND SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT DECEMBER 2015 GOVERNMENT OF GHANA MINISTRY OF L OCAL G OVERNMENT AND R URAL D EVELOPMENT Habitat III National Report THIRD UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON HOUSING AND SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT DECEMBER 2015 Contents Foreword vii Chapter 4 Introduction 1 Urban Governance And Legislation - Issues And Challenges For A New Urban Agenda 32 Chapter 1 21. Improving Urban Legislation 32 Urban Demographic Issues And Challengesfor A New Urban Agenda 3 22. Decentralization and Strengthening of Local Authorities 32 1. Managing Rapid Urbanisation 3 23. Improving Participation and Human Rights in Urban Development 34 2. Managing Rural-Urban Linkages 4 24. Enhancing urban Safety and Security 34 3. Addressing Urban Youth Needs 6 25. Improving Social Inclusion and Equity 35 4. Responding to the Needs of the Aged 8 26. Challenges Experienced and Lessons Learnt 36 5. Integrating Gender in Urban Development 9 27. Future Challenges and Issues 40 6. Challenges Experienced and Lessons Learnt 9 7. Future Challenges and Issues for Consideration in New Urban Agenda 11 Chapter 5 7.1 Managing Rapid Urbanisation 11 Urban Economy - Issues Andchallenges For A New Urban Agenda 43 28. Improving Municipal / Local Finance 43 29. Strengthening and Improving Access to Housing Finance 44 Chapter 2 30.
    [Show full text]
  • Management Models for the Provision of Small Town and Peri-Urban Water Services in Ghana
    Tripartite Partnership (TPP) Project Tripartite Partnership (TPP) Project Management models for the provision of small town and peri-urban water services in Ghana Management models for the provision of small town and peri-urban water services in Ghana TPP synthesis report Marieke Adank, IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre ([email protected]) Benedict Tuffuor, TREND Group ([email protected]) 2013 i Management models for the provision of small town and peri-urban water services in Ghana ©2013, TPP Project/Resource Centre Network Ghana The full legal text concerning the terms of use of this license can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode Published by: WASH Resource Centre Network (RCN) Ghana RCN Secretariat No. 18 Third Close, Airport Residential Area, Accra P. O. Box CT 6135, Cantonments, Accra Cell: 020 2110335 Email: [email protected]; [email protected] Web: www.washghana.net RCN Ghana is a network of institutional partners seeking to promote Knowledge Management in the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Sector in Ghana. The vision is a dynamic knowledge-driven WASH sector providing improved and sustainable pro-poor services. Cover photos Right: Bekwai small town system (Marieke Adank) Left: Young women fetching water from a public standpipe (Peter McIntyre) ISBN: 978 - 9988 - 1 - 9240 - 2 Adank, M. and Tuffuor, B., 2013. Management models for the provision of small town and peri- urban water services in Ghana. Accra: TPP Project/RCN Ghana. Key words: Urban, small town, Ghana, water supply, management model, service delivery You can download a free copy of this publication from: http://www.washghana.net/page/687 ii Management models for the provision of small town and peri-urban water services in Ghana The TPP project This document is an output of the Tripartite Partnership Project (TPP).
    [Show full text]
  • Facts About Ghana
    FACTS ABOUT GHANA The National Flag The Ghana flag was designed to replace the flag of the United Kingdom upon attainment of independence in 1957. It was flown until 1959, and then reinstated in 1966. It consists of the Pan- African colours of red, yellow, and green, in horizontal stripes, with a black five-pointed star in the centre of the gold stripe. The Ghanaian flag was the first African flag after the flag of Ethiopia to feature these colours. Red represents the blood of those who died in the country's struggle for independence Gold represents the mineral wealth of the country Green symbolizes the country's rich forests and natural wealth Black Star Symbolizes African unity and emancipation Designer: Mrs. Theodosia Salome Okoh The National Anthem First Stanza Second Stanza Third Stanza Raise high the flag of Ghana and one with Africa advance; God bless our homeland Ghana Hail to thy name, O Ghana, Black star of hope and honour And make our nation great and strong, To thee we make our solemn vow: To all who thirst for liberty; Bold to defend forever Steadfast to build together Where the banner of Ghana The cause of Freedom and of Right; A nation strong in Unity; freely flies, Fill our hearts with true humility, With our gifts of mind and strength of arm, May the way to freedom truly Make us cherish fearless honesty, Whether night or day, in the midst of storm, lie; And help us to resist oppressors' rule In every need, whate'er the call may be, Arise, arise, O sons of Ghana With all our will and might for evermore To serve thee, Ghana, now and evermore.
    [Show full text]