IEE: India: Water Supply Subproject, Kolkata
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Initial Environmental Examination May 2012 IND: Kolkata Environmental Improvement Investment Program (Tranche 1) – Water Supply Subproject Prepared by the Kolkata Municipal Corporation for Asian Development Bank WEIGHTS AND MEASURES cum/hr - cubic meter per hour cum/m3 - cubic meter ft - feet ha - hectare km - kilometer km2 or sq km - square kilometer lpcd - liter per capita per day m - meter m/yr - meter per year mg/l - milligram per liter MGD - million gallon per day MGH - million gallon per hour ML - million liter MD - million liter per day mm - millimeter This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. ABBREVIATIONS ADB - Asian Development Bank BOD - Biochemical Oxygen Demand BPS - Booster Pumping Stations CI - Cast Iron COD - Chemical Oxygen Demand CPHEEO - Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation DI - Ductile Iron DO - Dissolved Oxygen DSC - Design and Supervision Consultants DWF - Dry Weather Flows KMC - Executing Agency EKW - East Kolkata Wetlands GOI - Government of India GRC - Grievance Redressal Committee HDPE - High-Density Polyethylene INR - Indian National Rupee KEIP - Kolkata Environment Improvement Project KMA - Kolkata Metropolitan Area KMC - Kolkata Municipal Corporation KMDA - Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority KMWSA - Kolkata Metropolitan Water and Sanitation Authority MOUD - Ministry of Urban Development MS - Mild Steel NRW - Non Revenue Water O and M - Operation and Maintenance PMU - Project Management Unit PST - Pre-Settling Tanks PWD - Public Works Department SAR - Subproject Appraisal Reports ST - Schedule Tribe STP - Sewage Treatment Plant SWF - Storm Water Flow SWM - Solid Waste Management TDS - Total Dissolved Solids TFS - Total Fixed Solids TKN - Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen TOR - Terms of Reference TSS - Total Suspended Solids UFW - Unaccounted For Water USD - US Dollar WBPCB - West Bengal Pollution Control Board WTP - Water Treatment Plant TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................ i I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ..................................................... 3 A. ADB Policy ....................................................................................................................... 3 B. National and State Laws .................................................................................................. 3 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBPROJECT ............................................................................... 8 A. Existing Situation ............................................................................................................. 8 B. Components of the Subproject ...................................................................................... 10 C. Implementation Schedule .............................................................................................. 13 IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT (BASELINE DATA) ........................................... 13 A. Physical Resources ....................................................................................................... 13 B. Ecological Resources .................................................................................................... 27 D. Social and Cultural Resources ...................................................................................... 35 ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ........................................................ 38 A. Planning and Design Phase .......................................................................................... 38 B. Construction Phase ....................................................................................................... 42 D. Cumulative Impact Assessment .................................................................................... 58 VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ......................................................................... 63 A. Institutional Arrangement ............................................................................................... 63 D. Monitoring and Reporting .................................................................................... 90 List of tables Table 1: Applicable Environmental Regulations ..................................................... 4 Table 2: Demand Supply Analysis of Water Supply In Kolkata ............................. 8 Table 3. Details of Work Components under Water Supply Subproject ............. 11 Table 4: Water Supply “With Subproject” and “No-Subproject” Scenarios ...... 12 Table 5: Topographical information of Boroughs XI-XV, KMC ............................ 13 Table 6 : Near Surface Stratigraphy of Kolkata Region ....................................... 14 Table 7 : Soil Quality in Five Boroughs of Kolkata Municipal Corporation ........ 15 Table 8: Monthly average ambient air quality of Kolkata in 2008 ........................ 16 Table 9: Month-Wise Average Ambient Air Quality at Behala Chowrasta .......... 17 Table 10 : Ambient Air Quality around Garden Reach Pumping Station ............ 17 Table 11 : Ambient Air Quality from Palta (Badamtala) ....................................... 17 Table 12: Water Quality of Hooghly River at Palta and Garden Reach Water Works ........................................................................................................................ 18 Table 13 : Chemical analysis of Hooghly river water near Garden Reach and clear supply water .................................................................................................... 19 Table 14 . Lakes in KMC with Surface Area over 1 Hectare ................................ 20 Table 15 . Chemical analysis of (after treatment) waste water ........................... 20 Table 16: Results of chemical analysis of ground water ..................................... 22 Table 17 : Quality of ground water in seventeen wards of KMC ........................ 24 Table 18: Noise level measurement within seventeen wards in Borough XI-XV25 Table 19 : Noise level in Garden Reach area ......................................................... 26 Table 20 : Noise level in Palta area ....................................................................... 26 Table 21 : Representative Aquatic Flora of the EKW ........................................... 28 Table 22: Representative Fauna of the EKW ......................................................... 28 Table 23 : Phytoplankton Spectrum In Water Bodies During High Tide ............. 29 Table – 24 :Phytoplankton Spectrum In Water Bodies During Low Tide .......... 30 Table – 25 : Zooplankton Spectrum In Water Bodies (Number/M3) During High Tide ............................................................................................................................ 30 Table 26 : Zooplankton Spectrum In Water Bodies (Number/M3) During Low Tide ............................................................................................................................ 30 Table 27 : Land Use around Palta Water Works ................................................... 31 Table 28 : Land Use around Garden Reach Water Works .................................... 31 Table 29 : Heavy metal content of sludge from WTP .......................................... 33 Table 31 : Design Consideration ............................................................................ 38 Table 32 : Construction of a 81.8 MLD Rapid Gravity Filter Unit at Palta Water Works ........................................................................................................................ 40 Table 33 : Design Considerations for the Transmission Mains Construction Methodology ............................................................................................................. 41 Table 34: Summary of Design Considerations for Pipe Materials ........................ 41 Table 39. Cumulative Impact Assessment of Water Supply Subproject ............ 58 Table 40: Institutional Roles and Responsibilities: Environmental Safeguard . 64 Table 43 : Post-Construction Activities (Defects Liability Period) ...................... 79 Table 44 : Operation and Maintenance Activities ................................................. 81 Table 46. Training Program on environmental safeguards and its implementation ........................................................................................................ 85 Table 47: Indicative Costs for EMP Implementation. ............................................ 87 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. The city of Kolkata is the seventh largest metropolis in India, and had 4.5 million residents in 2011. The city’s continuous improvement in the urban environment is necessary to continuously increase the labor productivity through better health status of the urban population, especially when it has been experiencing lower population growth.