Mechanics and Force System ©Byprof

Mechanics and Force system ©ByProf. Pratik Toraskar

Chapter No 1 Mechanics and Force system

 Mechanics – It is defined as the branch of applied mathematics which deals with the study of motion and forces producing motion.

 Applied mechanics or Engineering mechanics

Applied mechanics is the branch of science which deals with the study of forces and their effects acting on rigid body either in motion or at rest.

Applied mechanics is further classified into two basic cateogories

1) Statics 2) Dynamics a. Kinetics b. Kinematics  Statics – It is the branch of applied mechanics that deals with the study of forces and their effect acting on rigid body at rest.  Dynamics - It is the branch of applied mechanics that deals with the study of forces and their effect acting on rigid body in motion.  Kinetics - It is the branch of applied mechanics that deals with the study of forces and their effect acting on rigid body in motion considering the external force applied and mass (self weight) of a body.  Kinematics – It is the branch of applied mechanics that deals with the study of forces and their effect acting on rigid body in motion without considering the external force and mass (self weight) of a body.

FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS

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 Space – Space can be defined as the surrounding of any body or a point in three dimensional system and the dimensions can be length, breadth and height with respect to x, y, z axis from origin.  Time – It is basically considered as the fourth dimension. It is the basic quantity essentially used for an occurrence of an event and is denoted by letter “t” or “T”.  Particle – The point mass without dimension but containing a definite amount of matter is called as particle.  Body – An object having definite mass occupying the definite space is called as body. The body can be classified in following three categories a. Elastic body b. Plastic body c. Rigid body  Elastic body – When the body regains its original shape and size after the removal of external applied force then the body is called as elastic body.  Plastic body – When the body changes its shape and size after the removal of external applied force then the body is called as plastic body.  Rigid body – The body which does not undergo any change in shape and size after removal of external applied force then the body is called as rigid body. No body is perfectly rigid in nature but it is assumed to be rigid in the study of applied mechanics.

SCALAR AND VECTOR QUANTITIES

 Scalar quantity – It is a physical quantity having only magnitude but no direction. Examples – Time, mass, speed, area, power, temperature, volume, work etc.

 Vector quantity – It is a physical quantity having magnitude as well as direction. Examples – Force, velocity, displacement, acceleration etc.

FUNDAMENTAL AND DERIVED UNITS

 Unit – It is the standard of measurement of a physical quantity.  Fundamental units – Length (푙), mass (m) and time (t) are the fundamental physical quantities and the units used for measurement of these quantities are called as basic or fundamental units.  Derived units – The units used for measurement of physical quantities depends upon the fundamental unit then they are called as derived unit.

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