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The World of Organic Agriculture STATISTICS & EMERGING TRENDS 2016 FIBL & IFOAM – ORGANICS INTERNATIONAL the World of organic agriculture STATISTICS & EMERGING TRENDS 2016 oceania 17.3 million ha europe 11.6 million ha latin america 6.8 million ha asia 3.6 million ha north america 3.1 million ha africa 1.3 million ha Supported by Discussion paper by Markus Arbenz, David Gould and Christopher Stopes, based on think tanking by SOAAN & IFOAM - Organics International and launched at the ISOFAR International Organic EXPO 2015, Goesan County www.ifoam.bio/organic3zero 3.0Ad_StatisticsBook.indd 1 22.Jan..2016 16:30 Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL IFOAM – Organics International The World of Organic Agriculture Statistics and Emerging Trends 2016 For PDF version, corrigenda and supplementary material see http://www.organic-world.net/yearbook/yearbook-2016.html All of the statements and results contained in this book have been compiled by the authors and are to the best of their knowledge correct and have been checked by the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL) and IFOAM – Organics International. However, the possibility of mistakes cannot be ruled out entirely. Therefore, the editors, authors, and publishers are not subject to any obligation and make no guarantees whatsoever regarding any of the statements or results in this work; neither do they accept responsibility or liability for any possible mistakes, nor for any consequences of actions taken by readers based on statements or advice contained therein. Authors are responsible for the content of their own articles. Their opinions do not necessarily express the views FiBL or IFOAM – Organics International. This document has been produced with the support of the International Trade Centre (ITC), the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO) and NürnbergMesse. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinions of ITC, SECO, or NürnbergMesse. Should corrections and updates become necessary, they will be published at www.organic-world.net. This book is available for download at http://www.organic-world.net/yearbook/yearbook-2016.html. Any enquiries regarding this book and its contents should be sent to Julia Lernoud and Helga Willer, FiBL, Ackerstrasse 113, 5070 Frick, Switzerland, e-mail [email protected] and [email protected]. Please quote articles from this book individually with name(s) of author(s) and title of article. The same applies to the tables: Please quote source, title of table and then the overall report. The whole report should be cited as: Willer, Helga and Julia Lernoud (Eds.) (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2016. Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, and IFOAM – Organics International, Bonn Die Deutsche Bibliothek – CIP Cataloguing-in-Publication-Data A catalogue record for this publication is available from Die Deutsche Bibliothek © February 2016. Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL) and IFOAM – Organics International. Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse113, 5070 Frick, Switzerland, Tel. +41 62 865 72 72, Fax +41 62 865 72 73, e-mail [email protected], Internet www.fibl.org IFOAM – Organics International, Charles-de-Gaulle-Str. 5, 53113 Bonn, Germany, Tel. +49 228 926 50-10, Fax +49 228 926 50-99, e-mail [email protected], Internet www.ifoam.bio, Trial Court Bonn, Association Register no. 8726 Language editing support: Simon Moakes, FiBL, Frick, Switzerland Cover: Simone Bissig, FiBL, Frick, Switzerland Layout: Julia Lernoud and Helga Willer, FiBL, Frick, Switzerland Maps: Simone Bissig and Bernhard Schlatter, FiBL, Frick, Switzerland Cover picture: Corn flowers in an organic cabbage field help attract predators (Photo: Marius Born). In an experimental study in organic cabbage fields, FiBL tested how sown flower strips on field margins and intersowing with cornflower affected the species richness, abundance and community composition of ground beetles and spiders. Intersown cornflower had positive effects on spider and ground beetle abundance. For more information, see http://orgprints.org/25008/ Graphs (if not otherwise stated): Julia Lernoud and Helga Willer, FiBL, Frick, Switzerland Printed by Medienhaus Plump, Rolandsecker Weg 33, 53619 Rheinbreitbach, Germany Price: 25 Euros, IFOAM – Organics International affiliates: 20 Euros Printed copies of this volume may be ordered directly from IFOAM – Organics International and FiBL (see addresses above) or via the IFOAM – Organics International website at www.ifoam.bio or the FiBL shop at shop.fibl.org Printed version ISBN FiBL 978-3-03736-306-5 – ISBN IFOAM 978-3-944372-14-3 PDF version ISBN FiBL 978-3-03736-307-2 – ISBN IFOAM 978-3-944372-15-0 Table of Contents Table of Contents Glossary 14 Foreword from SECO and ITC 15 Foreword from FiBL and IFOAM – Organics International 16 Foreword from the Editors 17 Acknowledgements 18 Organic Agriculture 2016: Key Indicators and Top Countries 23 The World of Organic Agriculture 2016: Summary 24 Helga Willer and Julia Lernoud ORGANIC AGRICULTURE WORLDWIDE: CURRENT STATISTICS 33 Current Statistics on Organic Agriculture Worldwide: Area, Producers, Markets, and Selected Crops 34 Julia Lernoud and Helga Willer › Introduction 34 › General notes on the data 36 › Organic agricultural land 38 › Shares of organic agricultural land by region and country 42 › Development of the organic agricultural land 46 › All organic areas, including non-agricultural areas 52 › Organic producers and other operator types 58 › Market and international trade data 64 › Organic farming in developing countries and in emerging markets 68 › Land use and crop data 70 › Arable land 74 › Permanent crops 76 › Wild collection and beekeeping areas 78 › Beehives 82 › Statistics on selected crops 85 › > Cereals 86 › > Citrus fruit 90 › > Cocoa beans 92 › > Coffee 94 › > Dried pulses 96 › > Fruit: Temperate fruit 98 › > Fruit: Tropical and subtropical fruit 102 › > Grapes 106 › > Oilseeds 108 › > Olives 112 › > Vegetables 114 FiBL & IFOAM – Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn 3 Table of Contents COMMODITY CASE STUDIES 117 The State of Sustainable Markets: Statistics and Emerging Trends – 2015 118 Julia Lernoud, Jason Potts, Gregory Sampson, Vivek Voora, Helga Willer and Joseph Wozniak › Market overview 118 › Sector-specific highlights 121 › More information 122 Organic Cotton 127 Liesl Truscott, Evonne Tan,and Lisa Emberson › Trends 127 › Geography of production 129 › Market value 131 › Voluntary organic supply chain standards 131 › Challenges for organic cotton 132 › Opportunities for organic cotton 132 THE GLOBAL MARKET FOR ORGANIC FOOD & DRINK 133 The Global Market for Organic Food & Drink 134 Amarjit Sahota › Introduction 134 › North America 135 › Europe 135 › Other regions 136 › Challenges and growth outlook 137 STANDARDS, REGULATIONS AND ORGANIC POLICIES 139 Standards and Regulations 140 Beate Huber, Otto Schmid, and Carolin Möller › Organic legislation worldwide: current situation 140 › The Codex Alimentarius Guidelines: Recent developments 143 › Import requirements of major economies 144 Overview of Participatory Guarantee Systems in 2015 147 Simona D’Amico and Flávia Castro › Establishment of PGS in the Pacific region 148 › PGS worldwide: Figures and reflections on future development 149 The Case for Public-Private Collaboration on Organic Agriculture 152 Diane Bowen › The need for collaboration between governments and the organic sector 152 › Shared goals 152 › Assets and complementary roles 153 › Risk management 154 › Trends in collaboration 154 › Public-private collaboration at the international level 155 4 FiBL & IFOAM – Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn Table of Contents AFRICA 157 Latest Developments in Organic Agriculture in Africa 158 Jordan Gama › The African Organic Network (AfrONet) 158 › The Third African Organic Conference 2015 in Nigeria 159 › Strategic Plan (2015-2025) for the Ecological Organic Agriculture Initiative (EOAI) for Africa 160 › Outlook 161 Africa: Current Statistics 163 Julia Lernoud, Helga Willer and Bernhard Schlatter Organic Agriculture in Africa: Graphs 164 Organic Agriculture in Africa: Tables 167 ASIA 171 Organic Asia 2015 172 Ong Kung Wai › Overview summary 172 › The challenge of providing assurance without disrupting supply chains 173 › Towards an ASEAN & Global Organic Economic Community 174 › Bhutan takes steps toward 100% organic 175 › Nepal formally incorporates promotion of organic agriculture 175 › India aims high 176 › Sri Lanka offers support for domestic development besides export 177 › China streamlines and sends more inspectors out 178 › Japan prepares for Tokyo Olympics 2020 178 › Malaysia to resolve certification implementation 178 › Thailand maps its market and organic made top five agenda 179 › Vietnam goes private 180 Asia: Current statistics 182 Julia Lernoud, Helga Willer, and Bernhard Schlatter Organic Agriculture in Asia: Graphs 183 Organic Agriculture in Asia: Tables 185 EUROPE 189 Organic Farming in Europe 190 Helga Willer and Stephen Meredith › Country highlights 190 › EU policy and regulatory framework on organic farming 193 › Research 193 › Vision and strategy for European organic agriculture 196 Europe: Key indicators 198 FiBL & IFOAM – Organics International (2016): The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Bonn 5 Table of Contents Organic Farming and Market Development in Europe 199 Helga Willer and Diana Schaack › Key
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