B. Mountains and Mountain Ranges Use Instructional Master 14
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CK_4_TH_HG_P087_242.QXD 10/6/05 9:01 AM Page 95 Draw the following example on the board to help you illustrate the map key Name Date for a relief map. Make a Relief Map Connect each set of dots that indicate the same elevation. For example, draw a line Harris Campsite to connect all the dots labeled “450 and under.” Once you are done, color the land according to the chart below. • • • • • • • • 450 and under • • • • • • Rockytop Hill • • • • • • • 451–500 • • • • • • • • • • • • • O • 501–550 • • • • • • • • • • • • l • d • • • • • • • • • 551–600 • • • • • • • S • • • • • • o • • • • • S • • 601–650 • u • • • n • • • • • • t • a • • • • h • • k • • • • • • • • e • • • • T • • • • • • • T • r • • • • • r • a a • • • • i • • l • • i • • • • • • • l • • • • • • • • • • • • • Bald Hill • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Jonson's Well • • • • • • • • • • • • • Elevation • Land Color = 801– 900 Feet 450 and under green 451–500 brown = 701– 800 Feet 501–550 yellow = 601– 700 Feet 551–600 orange e Knowledge Foundation 601–650 blue Scale 1 Inch = 1 Mile = 501– 600 Feet Purpose: To interpret directions to create a relief map Copyright ©Cor Master 14 Grade 4: History & Geography B. Mountains and Mountain Ranges Use Instructional Master 14. Background A mountain range is a series of connected mountains considered as a sin- gle system because of geographical proximity or common geologic origin. Cross-curricular Mountains are considered to have a common geologic origin if they formed at Teaching Idea the same time by the same set of geologic events. You may wish to teach the Science A large mountain system, like the Appalachian Mountains in northeastern section “How Mountains Are Canada and the United States, may be called by different names in different Formed,” on pp. 497–498, prior to areas. For example, the Appalachians in the southern United States are called introducing major mountain ranges. the Blue Ridge, Great Smokies, Cumberland Plateau, and Black Mountains. South America: Andes The Andes Mountains are over 5,000 miles (8,046 km) in length, the longest Name Date Major Mountains of North and South America mountain system in the Western Hemisphere. The mountains begin as four ranges Study the map and use it to answer the questions that follow. 8 0 7 N 0 N ARCTIC OCEAN in the Caribbean area on the northeastern coast of South America. In Peru and 60 N Mt.Mt. McKinleyMcKinley 50N 20,32020,320 ft.ft. R O Bolivia, the mountains form two parallel ranges that create a wide plateau known C K Y 40N M NORTH O NORTH O U U ATLANTIC PACIFIC N NORTH as the altiplano. The Andes then form a single range that separates Chile from N OCEAN T T OCEAN A AMERICA A I APPALACHIAN 30N IN N MOUNTAINS SS Argentina. 20N With an average height of 12,500 feet (3,810 m), the Andes are the second- 10N 0 Equator A N D SOUTH highest mountain range in the world. The Himalayas are the highest. 10S E S AMERICA SOUTH M PACIFIC M 0S O 2 O OCEAN N U U N W E N Mt. Aconcagua T T 22,834 ft. A Approximately 50–60% of Peru’s people live in the altiplano. About one-third A I 30S S I N N S S SOUTH 0 500 1000 miles ATLANTIC OCEAN 0 500 1000 kilometers of the nation’s population live in the narrow lowlands between the Andes and the 40S 50S 160W 140W 120W 100W 80W 60W 40W 20W Pacific Ocean. Because the Andes run north to south along the entire length of 60S Chile, most Chileans live in the Central Valley region between the Andes and low coastal mountains. e Knowledge Foundation Purpose: To read and interpret a map featuring major mountains of North and South America Copyright ©Cor The Andes Mountains were the home of Inca people, whom students in Core Master 15a Grade 4: History & Geography Knowledge schools studied in Grade 1 and will study again in Grade 5. Use Instructional Masters 15a–15b. North America: Appalachians and Rockies The Appalachian Mountains are the oldest mountain chain in North America and stretch from Newfoundland to central Alabama. They are about 1,800 miles History and Geography: World 95 CK_4_TH_HG_P087_242.QXD 10/6/05 9:01 AM Page 96 I. World Geography (2,897 km) long and range from 120 to 375 miles (193 to 604 km) wide. The Teaching Idea highest peak is Mount Mitchell in North Carolina, named for Maria Mitchell, a Create overheads of Instructional 19th-century astronomer. The Appalachians are divided into various ranges, such Masters 15–16, Major Mountains of as the White Mountains in Maine and New Hampshire; the Alleghenies in North and South America and Major Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia; the Blue Ridge Mountains in Maryland, Mountains of Europe, Asia, and Africa, West Virginia, Virginia, North Carolina, and Georgia; and the Great Smokies in to orient students to the location of the North Carolina and Tennessee. Major rivers that flow through the mountains are major mountain ranges and the highest the Hudson, Delaware, Susquehanna, Potomac, and Tennessee. The mountains mountains on each continent. Have are rich in iron and coal deposits, but proved a barrier to westward movement in students answer the questions on each the colonial era until Daniel Boone built the Wilderness Trail, also known as the Instructional Master after the lesson. Wilderness Road, through the Cumberland Gap in 1775. The Rocky Mountains extend for more than 3,000 miles (4,828 km) from Alaska to New Mexico. The highest point in North America is Mount McKinley in Alaska. The major ranges of the Rocky Mountains are the Southern, Central, Name Date and Northern Rockies in the contiguous United States, the Brooks Range in Major Mountains of Europe, Asia, and Africa Alaska, and the Canadian Rockies. The Rocky Mountains were more formidable Study the map. Use it to answer the questions that follow. barriers to travel than the Appalachians because the Rockies are in general twice ARCTIC OCEAN as tall as the Appalachians. The major pass through the Rockies for travelers in S 60°N L A the 19th century was South Pass in Wyoming. The Oregon Trail took this route. R EUROPE U ATLANTIC Mont Blanc 15,771 ft. P S OCEAN A L Of major topographical interest is the Continental Divide that runs north and ASIA 40°N S . M T A S H T L Mt.Mt. EverestEverest south through the mountains. Rivers to the east of this long, high crest flow to I A M 29,03529,035 ft.ft. A L A Y A S 20°N the east toward the Arctic or Atlantic Oceans, and rivers to the west of the divide AFRICA N Mt. Kilimanjaro flow toward the Pacific to the west. Lewis and Clark, whom students should have 19,340 ft. 0° W E S INDIAN OCEAN studied in earlier grades, crossed the Continental Divide in 1805 as part of their 0 500 1000 miles 0 500 1000 kilometers 20°S 0° 20°E 40°E 60°E 80°E 100°E voyage of discovery. e Knowledge Foundation Asia: Himalayas and Urals Purpose: To read and interpret a map featuring major mountains of Europe, Asia, and Africa Copyright ©Cor Master 16a Grade 4: History & Geography Running 1,500 miles (2,414 km) in length, the Himalayas extend across south central Asia in India, Tibet, Pakistan, Nepal, and Bhutan. (Note that there Use Instructional Masters 16a–16b. are two acceptable pronunciations of Himalayas: him-uh-LAY-uhs, which is the more traditional English pronunciation, and him-ALL-ee-yuhs, which reflects the Hindi/Sanskrit pronunciation.) The Himalayas are actually parallel ranges—the Great Himalayas, the Lesser Himalayas, and the Outer Himalayas, which break Teaching Idea into smaller ranges in Kashmir, a disputed area in India. The Indus, Brahmaputra, Students may enjoy hearing descrip- and Ganges Rivers all rise in the Himalayas. tions of mountain climbing adven- The Himalayas are the highest mountain range in the world. Mount Everest, tures—and misadventures—such as the tallest mountain in the world, is located in the Great Himalayas, and 11 other the story of how Hillary and Norgay peaks in the Great Himalayas rise above 26,000 feet (7,925 m). The Tibetan eventually conquered Mount Everest. Plateau at the northern boundary is sometimes referred to as the “roof of the Such stories have the thrill of a good world.” “action” story but also reinforce impor- For many years, no human being had climbed to the summit of Mount tant scientific and geographic informa- Everest, though many had died, or nearly died, trying. However, in 1953, tion about mountains, such as the fact Edmund P. Hillary and Tenzing Norgay finally reached the peak. Since 1953, hun- that the air is very cold and very thin on dreds more climbers have accomplished this most demanding of all mountain top of many mountains. climbing feats, and over 100 have died trying. The Himalayas protect Tibet from the monsoon rains that batter the rest of south Asia, but as a result, that area of China is dry and desert-like. 96 Grade 4 Handbook CK_4_TH_HG_P087_242.QXD 10/6/05 9:01 AM Page 97 The Urals are much lower mountains that form part of the border between Europe and Asia. The Urals extend for about 1,500 miles (2,414 km) north to Teaching Idea south through Russia from the Kara Sea to Kazakhstan. Mount Narodnaya is the Use the following strategy in connec- highest peak, at 6,212 feet (1,893 m). The mountains are rich in minerals and tion with the overheads of the major forests, and as a result, mining and lumbering are important industries.