DOCSLIB.ORG

4</Subscript> Grasses at Different Altitudes I

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
4</Subscript> Grasses at Different Altitudes I Oecologia (1988) 76:273-277 Oecologia Springer-Verlag 1988 Distribution of C3 and C4 grasses at different altitudes in a temperate arid region of Argentina J.B. Cavagnaro Ecofisiologia Vegetal, IADIZA (Instituto Argentino de Invest. de Zonas Aridas), C.C. 507, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina Summary. The distribution of native C3 and C4 grasses seems to be linked to certain environmental factors such in a temperate arid region of Mendoza, Argentina, was as temperature and water availability (Teeri and Stowes studied in six areas at different altitudes. C4 species predom- 1976; Tiezsen et al. 1979; Rundel 1980; Barnes and Harr- inate at low elevations in both relative species abundance ison 1982; Barnes et al. 1983; Hattersley 1983). In addition, and plant cover. At high elevations C3 species are dominant in this family most of the species have been clearly deter- in cover and composition. At medium altitudes mined as C3 or C~ on the ground of their anatomical and (1100-t600 m) grass species composition is balanced but physiological characteristics (Smith and Brown 1973; plant cover of Cs species is greater. Of 31 genera in the Downton 1975; Hattersley and Watson 1975). whole area, 19 were C4. Only the genera Stipa (C3) and The aim of this paper is to report the relative distribu- Aristida (C4) were present in all the six areas surveyed. tion and coverage of C3 and C4 grasses in areas located The pattern of grass distribution shows high correlation at different altitudes in a temperate arid region of Mendoza, with evapotranspiration and temperature parameters, but Argentina. The relation between these aspects and some low correlation with rainfall. The relation between grass meteorological parameters from these areas is discussed. distribution and different climatic parameters is discussed. Key words: Grasses - Photosynthetic type - Distribution Material and methods - Climate - Altitude - Argentina The C4 type was established by the presence of Kranz anat- omy in cross-sections of leaf blades or from the data com- piled by other authors (Smith and Epstein 1971 ; Smith and Brown 1973 ; Downton 1975 ; Hattersley and Watson 1975). The most important characteristics of plants with different Leaf blades were obtained from field plants or from herbar- CO2 fixation pathways (C3, C4, CAM) have been summa- ium material. rized by Black (1973). Plants belonging to these groups The region surveyed is located between 32~ , and show different anatomical, biochemical, physiological, and 34~ and 69007 , and 68~ (Fig. 1). The study areas ecological characteristics. Thus, C, species have a higher are located at different elevations ranging from 570 to optimum temperature for photosynthesis, higher light in- 2400 m (Fig. 2): tensity for saturation, higher water use efficiency and lack detectable photorespiration. In contrast, C3 plants achieve Area I: plain, 560-580 m, shrubland their maximum photosynthetic rates at lower temperatures Area II: piedmont, 750-1100 m, shrubland and lower light intensities, and they show photorespiration. On the basis of previous statements, it has been postu- Area III: piedmont, 940-1400 m, shrubland lated that the photosynthetic type confers adaptive advan- Area IV: piedmont, 1200-1600 m, shrubland tages under certain environmental conditions. C4 plants should be favoured by high temperature, high irradiance, Area V: piedmont, 1300-1800 m, shrubland and limited water supply. C3 species should be favoured by Area VI: highland plain, 2200-2600 m, grassland cool, shade, and humid conditions (Ehleringer and Bj6rk- man 1977; Ehleringer 1978). Despite these generalizations, According to the phytogeographical classification of Ca- some exceptions have been reported where C4 species can brera (1976) areas I, II, and III correspond to the "Monte" succesfully compete in cool or shaded habitats (Caldwell province. Areas IV and V would be transitional between etal. 1977; Pearcy and Troughton 1975). Besides, other "Monte" and "Prepuna", and finally area VI belongs to plant features, apart from the photosynthetic pathway, can "Prepuna" province. Those areas related to the "Monte" play a major role in the competitive ability of plants (Baskin are characterized by the dominance of Zygophyllaceae, spe- and Baskin 1978; Pearcy and Ehleringer 1984). Moreover, cially of the genus Larrea (Morello 1958). Syvertsen et al. (1976) have reported that in some desert The species list for area I was compiled by the author. communities C3 species surpass C4 ones in presence and The rest of the distribution data was taken from: Roig biomass. (1976) (areas II and IV); Martinez Carretero (1982, 1985) In the family Poacea, C3 and C4 species show a well (areas III and V) and Passera et al. (1983) (area VI). Species defined pattern of geographical distribution. This pattern list in these papers are based on extensive and detailed phy- 274 Table l. C4 grasses and plant cover in the study areas Species Areas I II III IV V VI * Aristida adscencionis + + + + + -- Aristida aft. humilia ..... + - * Aristida mendocina 2 - + - + - * Aristida spegazzini -- -- + -- + + Bothriochloa springfieldii - - 1 - + + * Bouteloua aristidoide + ..... Bouteloua barbata + + .... Bouteloua curtipendula - - + - + - * Bouteloua lophostachya - + - + - - * Chloris castilloniana + ..... * Cottea pappophoroides + + - + - - * Dig#aria californica 1 -- + + + - * Diplachne dubia + + + + + - * Eragrostis eilianensis + + - + -- -- Eragrostis lugens .... + + * Eragrostis pilosa + + - + -- -- * Erioneurum pilosum -- -- + -- + -- Muehlenbergia asperifolia - - + - - - Muehlenbergia torreyi ..... + * Munroa mendocina + 1 - + - - * Neobouteloua lophostachya + -- + -- -- -- N. * Panicum urvilleanum + ..... * Pappophorum caespitosum 2 + + + + - * Pappophorum philippianurn + + + + + - * Scleropogon brevifolius + ..... * Setaria leucopila + + + + + -- Fig. 1. The location of the study area in Mendoza, west Argentina * Setaria mendocina + ..... Setaria pampeana - - + - - - * Sporobolus cryptandrus 1 - + 1 + - * Tragus berteronianus + ..... * Trichloris crinita 1 + + + - - I00. Total species present 21 12 16 13 14 4 C4 gr=~asse"~ C 3 grasses -, species absent; +, less than 0.1% of plant coverage; 1, 0-5% 80. cover; 2, 5%-25% cover; 3, 25%-50% cover. * Kranz anatomy; e.. inspected by the author o 8 60. E tosociological work and the species mentioned are included 0 r 40. t"-.../",,.. in the IADIZA Herbarium (MERL). ill -1 The region has a temperate-arid climate. Rainfall occurs mainly in summer and originates in convective storms. 20 / -.... Snow is important only in area VI, where 100-120 mm per ! year have been measured. The climatic data were obtained from meteorological 0 s6o 660 e6o ,ioo ,. oo ,goo aioo z,ioo stations located in the study areas (Estrella, unpublished data; Vich 1987). Values for temperature and rainfall are altitude [meters) averaged over 15 and 11 years respectively. Potential evapo- transpiration and water deficits were estimated according to Burgos and Vidal (1951). Grass cover values in Table 1 E W follow the abundance-dominance criterium of Braun-Blan- quet's phytosociological method (Roig 1973). 5000 oE 2000 Results "O .m A clear pattern of grass distribution as a function of altitude is observed in Fig. 2. C4 species are dominant at lower a I000 elevations. Between 1100 and 1600m the relative abun- dance of both types is quite similar. At the highest eleva- tions C3 species are dominant. 6 // 9o ,oo Out of 31 genera found, 12 were C3 and 19 were CA, Fig. 2. Relative grass species abundance and altitudes of the study though the latter includes the genus Panicum which has areas both C3 and C4 species. In this case only Panicum urviI- 275 Table 2. C3 grasses and plant cover in the study areas Table 3. Altitude and climatic parameters of the study areas Species Areas I II III IV V IV Parameters Areas I II III IV V VI * Bromus araucanus ..... + Altitude (m) 570 920 1170 1450 ~1600 2400 * Bromus brevis - - - + + 1 Mean annual 15.7 16.3 13.6 14.2 10.5 7.8 * Bromus sp. - - -- -- + + temperature (~ Cortaderia rudiuscula - - + - - - Elymus erianthus _ _ + + + _ January 24.4 24.2 21.5 21.0 17.1 13.5 Elytrigia atternuatta ..... + mean temperature (~ * Elytrigia mendocina ..... + July mean temperature 6.9 8.1 6.1 7.4 5.0 2.4 * Festuca rubra ..... + (~ * Koeleria mendocinensis ..... + January mean maximum 32.5 30.0 28.3 25.0 22.7 18.7 Melica andina .... + + temperature (~ * Piptochaetium napostaense - - + + + + * Poa lanuginosa .... + + January mean minimum 16.4 18.5 14.0 13.3 12.9 8.4 * Poa resinulosa .... + 2 temperature (~ Poa ligularis - - + - + + Annual rainfall (mm) 344 255 164 200 194 421 * Polypogon monspeliensis - - + - + + October-March 264 192 135 157 153 344 Sehismus barbatus .... + - rainfall (mm) Stipa debilis - - + - + - Annual 829 828 726 727 630 558 * Stipa ichu + - 2 + 2 + Stipa paramilloensis .... + + evapotranspiration * Stipa plumosa _ + + + + _ (ram) Stipa psittacorum - - + - + - October-March 642 645 558 554 466 411 Stipa sanluisensis - - 1 + 2 - evapotranspiration Stipa scirpea - - + - 1 + (mm) * Stipa tenuis - - + 1 + - Water deficit from 378 454 423 397 313 67 * Stipa tenuissima - - + - 1 3 October to March (ram) * Stipa vaginata - - 1 1 1 + C4 grass percentage 95.5 92.3 53.3 61.9 41.1 18.2 Total species present 1 1 14 8 20 18 Ca grass percentage 4.5 7.7 46.7 38.1 58.9 81.8 -, species absent; +, less than 0.1% of plant cover; 1, 0-5% cover; 2, 5%-25% cover; 3, 25%-50% cover. * Lack of Kranz anatomy; inspected by the author Table 4. Linear regression analysis
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Eduardo Martínez Carretero Alejandro García
    Editores El centro-oeste de Argentina posee una gran riqueza San Juan AUSPICIADO POR: Martínez Carretero E. física, biológica y cultural que se refl eja en sus diversas García A. 2016 regiones biogeográfi cas y bioclimáticas. Autores Acosta J. El manejo de los recursos naturales –para su uso Alcober O. sostenido y la posibilidad de satisfacer las necesidades Asunto P. de la población– requiere conocer la diversidad física, Atencio P. GEOBOTÁNICA Y Azeglio E. biológica y cultural del territorio de San Juan. FITOGEOGRAFÍA Bizzotto F. Blanco G. En ese marco, el objetivo de este libro es reunir Blanco Fager V. información de base sobre diversos recursos naturales y Bordonaro O. Bracamonte H. culturales de la provincia. Eduardo Martínez Carretero Carrascosa H. Colombi C. A través de 27 capítulos, 46 autores provenientes del Alejandro García Cúnsulo M. medio académico y la administración pública brindan Editores Dalmasso A. un panorama actualizado de la geología, geomorfología, Damiani O. Fanchin A. paleontología, arqueología, historia, agua, vegetación, Ganci C. fauna y marco legal provincial, y aportan elementos García A. Godoy Luna E. para la educación ambiental en busca de un manejo Gómez A. conservativo. Haene E. Kurban A. Disponer de información generada por académicos Laspiur A. locales con un profundo conocimiento de campo y una San Juan Lauro C. Manduca F. sólida base conceptual, le confi ere un importante valor 2016 Márquez J. e identidad a esta obra que, además de constituir una Martínez Carretero E. referencia en los temas abordados, representa un estímulo Martínez R. Mercado G. para la realización de futuros aportes que contribuyan a Moreno G.
    [Show full text]
  • Arbuscular Mycorrhizas in the Larrea Divaricata Scrubland of the Arid “Chaco”, Central Argentina
    Journal of Agricultural Technology Arbuscular mycorrhizas in the Larrea divaricata scrubland of the arid “Chaco”, Central Argentina M.A. Lugo1, A.M. Anton2 and M.N. Cabello3* 1Área de Ecología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Ejercito de Los Andes 1148, D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina. 2Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV – CONICET), Museo Botánico, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CC 491, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina. 3Instituto Spegazzini, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Aven 53 No 477, B1900AVJ, La Plata, Argentina Lugo, M.A., Anton, A.M. and Cabello, M.N. (2005). Arbuscular mycorrhizas in the Larrea divaricata scrubland of the arid “Chaco”, Central Argentina. Journal of Agricultural Technology 1 (1) : 163-178. Arbuscular mycorrhizal root colonization and spore diversity were analyzed, in terms of seasons, dry and wet period and host species, in an arid secondary scrubland ecosystem (“Jarillal”) in Central Argentina. Larrea divaricata, dominant in this plant community, was the most colonized species followed by the grass Trichloris crinita (“herbaceous stratum fitness indicator”) whereas the lowest values were found in Sporobolus pyramidatus and Neobouteloua lophostachya (both of them “disturbance indicators”). Root colonization was closely related to host role in the community. The AMF diversity was low because of the disturbed features of “Jarillal” and arid conditions. Spore total density, specific spore density and spore richness were more related to the seasons and water availability than to the host species. Key words: AM colonization, AM fungal spore diversity, bushland, grassland, seasonality, soil moisture. Introduction Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are found in nearly all soils where plants grow, and they are expected to have their greatest impact when plants are exposed to growth-limiting environmental stress (Allen, 1991; Sylvia and Williams, 1992; Smith and Read, 1997; Varma, 1999).
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of Grasses and Grasslands in South America
    TAXON 24(I): 53-66. FEBRUARY 1975 EVOLUTION OF GRASSESAND GRASSLANDS IN SOUTH AMERICA Arturo Burkart* Summary This is a discussion of the South American grasslands from the standpoint of their evolution and composition. The tribes are considered in relation to climate, and grasses are classified as mega-, meso-, or microthermic with respect to their temperature requirements. The principal grassland regions are three: (A) Tropical and Subtropical, which include the Llanos of the Orinoco River system and the Campos Cerrados of Central Brazil; (B) Temperate, including the Pampa of Argentina and the Campos of Uruguay; and (C) Cold Country Grasslands, which are the Steppes of the high Andes and Patagonia, and also the Pairamos of Colombia and Ecuador. Some attention is given to the floristic composition of each of these regions. The subject of endemism is dealt with, as well as the problem of disjunct distribution. Included is a discussion of changes brought about by agriculture and ranching in historic times, and what may be expected in the future. INTRODUCTION The Gramineae, with about 6oo genera and some 6ooo species, is one of the largest families of flowering plants. It is a truly cosmopolitan group, and remarkable because of the capacity of its members to form the domi- nant vegetation over large areas of the earth's surface. The terms steppes, savannas, prairies, pusztas, campos or pampas all refer to vegetation types in which grasses are dominant. To quote Ronald Good (1953; p. 53) "Pride of place must certainly go to the Gramineae . ., the great family ... Not only do the grasses reach to the furthest land in the north and to the borders of Antarctica in the south, but their degree of distribution is usually particularly complete and continuous.
    [Show full text]
  • Runoff and Soil Loss in Undisturbed and Roller-Seeded Shrublands of Semiarid Argentina
    J. Range Manage. 56: 227-233 May 2003 Runoff and soil loss in undisturbed and roller-seeded shrublands of semiarid Argentina MANUEL 0. AGUILERA, DIEGO F. STEINAKER, AND MANUEL R. DEMARIA Authors are Range Scientist, Biologist, and Wildlife Ecologist, San Luis Experimental Station, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA), CC 17, Villa Mercedes, 5730, San Luis, Argentina. Abstract Resumen La vegetacion afecta los patrones de escorrentia perdida de Vegetation influences runoff and soil losses in semiarid environ- y suelo en los ambientes semiaridos. En arbustales del Centro de ments. In shrublands of Central Argentina, grazing has resulted Argentina, el pastoreo ha producido reducciones en la cobertura in a reduction of plant cover, an increase in the proportion of vegetal, aumento del suelo desnudo, erosion. Se evaluaron los bare soil, and eroded soils. Patterns of y runoff and soil losses patrones de escorrentia perdida de suelo afectados por affected by seeding cultivated grasses were evaluated. We investi- y tratamientos de siembra de pastos cultivados mediante el rolado. gated the effects of roller-seeding of Cenchrus ciliaris L and the Nuestro estudio examino los efectos del rolado siembra de influence of microsite cover-type on the dynamics of water ero- y Cenchus ciliaris L y la influencea del tipo de micrositio en la sion. Evaluated cover-types were: bare soil, shortgrass cover, and dinamica de la erosion hidrica. Los tipos de cobertura evaluados tallgrass cover. Evaluations were performed 2 growing seasons fueron: suelo desnudo, cobertura de pastos cortos, cobertura de after roller-seeding. The experimental design was a split-plot, y pastos altos.
    [Show full text]
  • A Classification of the Chloridoideae (Poaceae)
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 55 (2010) 580–598 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev A classification of the Chloridoideae (Poaceae) based on multi-gene phylogenetic trees Paul M. Peterson a,*, Konstantin Romaschenko a,b, Gabriel Johnson c a Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA b Botanic Institute of Barcelona (CSICÀICUB), Pg. del Migdia, s.n., 08038 Barcelona, Spain c Department of Botany and Laboratories of Analytical Biology, Smithsonian Institution, Suitland, MD 20746, USA article info abstract Article history: We conducted a molecular phylogenetic study of the subfamily Chloridoideae using six plastid DNA Received 29 July 2009 sequences (ndhA intron, ndhF, rps16-trnK, rps16 intron, rps3, and rpl32-trnL) and a single nuclear ITS Revised 31 December 2009 DNA sequence. Our large original data set includes 246 species (17.3%) representing 95 genera (66%) Accepted 19 January 2010 of the grasses currently placed in the Chloridoideae. The maximum likelihood and Bayesian analysis of Available online 22 January 2010 DNA sequences provides strong support for the monophyly of the Chloridoideae; followed by, in order of divergence: a Triraphideae clade with Neyraudia sister to Triraphis; an Eragrostideae clade with the Keywords: Cotteinae (includes Cottea and Enneapogon) sister to the Uniolinae (includes Entoplocamia, Tetrachne, Biogeography and Uniola), and a terminal Eragrostidinae clade of Ectrosia, Harpachne, and Psammagrostis embedded Classification Chloridoideae in a polyphyletic Eragrostis; a Zoysieae clade with Urochondra sister to a Zoysiinae (Zoysia) clade, and a Grasses terminal Sporobolinae clade that includes Spartina, Calamovilfa, Pogoneura, and Crypsis embedded in a Molecular systematics polyphyletic Sporobolus; and a very large terminal Cynodonteae clade that includes 13 monophyletic sub- Phylogenetic trees tribes.
    [Show full text]
  • A Molecular Phylogeny and Classification of the Cynodonteae
    TAXON 65 (6) • December 2016: 1263–1287 Peterson & al. • Phylogeny and classification of the Cynodonteae A molecular phylogeny and classification of the Cynodonteae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) with four new genera: Orthacanthus, Triplasiella, Tripogonella, and Zaqiqah; three new subtribes: Dactylocteniinae, Orininae, and Zaqiqahinae; and a subgeneric classification of Distichlis Paul M. Peterson,1 Konstantin Romaschenko,1,2 & Yolanda Herrera Arrieta3 1 Smithsonian Institution, Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, U.S.A. 2 M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences, Kiev 01601, Ukraine 3 Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR Unidad Durango-COFAA, Durango, C.P. 34220, Mexico Author for correspondence: Paul M. Peterson, [email protected] ORCID PMP, http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9405-5528; KR, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7248-4193 DOI https://doi.org/10.12705/656.4 Abstract Morphologically, the tribe Cynodonteae is a diverse group of grasses containing about 839 species in 96 genera and 18 subtribes, found primarily in Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Americas. Because the classification of these genera and spe­ cies has been poorly understood, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis on 213 species (389 samples) in the Cynodonteae using sequence data from seven plastid regions (rps16-trnK spacer, rps16 intron, rpoC2, rpl32-trnL spacer, ndhF, ndhA intron, ccsA) and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS 1 & 2) to infer evolutionary relationships and refine the
    [Show full text]
  • Neobouteloua, a New Grass Genus*
    106 BOLETIN DE LA SOCIEDAD ARGENTINA DE BOTANICA NEOBOUTELOUA, A NEW GRASS GENUS * FRANK W. GOULD 00 Tlie New World grass genus Bouteloua, . comprising about 30 species, has its center of distribution and variability in northern Mexico and southwestern United States. As presently interpreted, the genus is represented in South America by six species, B. curtipen- dula (Michx.) Torr., ]!.. disticha (Kunth) Benth., B. filiformis (Pourn.) Griffiths, B. simplex Lag., B. megapotamica (Spreng.) Kuntze and B. lophôstachya Griseb. Only B. megapotariiica and B. lophostachya are restricted to South America, the former ranging from northern Brazil to central Argentina and the latter present in central and western Argentina and Chile. Examination of herbarium specimens of B. lophostachya has convinced the writer that this taxon, cannot properly be placed in either of the recognized subgenera of Bouteloua, and, indeed, represents a distinct and well defined genus. NEOBOUTELOUA Gould, gen. nov. Herha perennis, surculis e hasi gangliiforme ramosissimo erectis 10 - 35 cm. altis. Folia crassa, rígida, disticha, hasi culmi conforta. Inflorescentia plerumque ramulis 12 - 35 persistentihus axis qua- drangularis paginis 4 irregulariter dispersis, hinatis, vel verticillatis. Famuli plerumque 1-4 cm. longi, spiculis 12 - 25 adpressis. Spiculae r Technical Article N° 57.38, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station, Texas. Research supported by grant GB 2491 from the ' National Science Foundation. , The writer is indebted to the curators of the folk wing herbaria for the priviledge of examining herbarium material: 1. Conservaticre et Jardin botaniques, Geneva (G). 2. Kew Royal Botanic Gardens (K). 3. The New York Botanical Garden (NY). 4. Muséum National d’Histoire .
    [Show full text]
  • Monograph of Diplachne (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae). Phytokeys 93: 1–102
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal PhytoKeys 93: 1–102 (2018) Monograph of Diplachne (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae) 1 doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.93.21079 MONOGRAPH http://phytokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Monograph of Diplachne (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae) Neil Snow1, Paul M. Peterson2, Konstantin Romaschenko2, Bryan K. Simon3, † 1 Department of Biology, T.M. Sperry Herbarium, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA 2 Department of Botany MRC-166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washing- ton, DC 20013-7012, USA 3 Queensland Herbarium, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Brisbane, QLD 4066 Australia (†) Corresponding author: Neil Snow ([email protected]) Academic editor: C. Morden | Received 19 September 2017 | Accepted 28 December 2017 | Published 25 January 2018 Citation: Snow N, Peterson PM, Romaschenko K, Simon BK (2018) Monograph of Diplachne (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae). PhytoKeys 93: 1–102. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.93.21079 Abstract Diplachne P. Beauv. comprises two species with C4 (NAD-ME) photosynthesis. Diplachne fusca has a nearly pantropical-pantemperate distribution with four subspecies: D. fusca subsp. fusca is Paleotropical with native distributions in Africa, southern Asia and Australia; the widespread Australian endemic D. f. subsp. muelleri; and D. f. subsp. fascicularis and D. f. subsp. uninervia occurring in the New World. Diplachne gigantea is known from a few widely scattered, older collections in east-central and southern Africa, and although Data Deficient clearly is of conservation concern. A discussion of previous taxonom- ic treatments is provided, including molecular data supporting Diplachne in its newer, restricted sense. Many populations of Diplachne fusca are highly tolerant of saline substrates and most prefer seasonally moist to saturated soils, often in disturbed areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Centropodieae and Ellisochloa, a New Tribe and Genus in Chloridoideae (Poaceae)
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2011 Centropodieae and Ellisochloa, a new tribe and genus in Chloridoideae (Poaceae) Peterson, P M ; Romaschenko, K ; Barker, N P ; Linder, H P Abstract: There has been confusion among taxonomists regarding the subfamilial placement of Merx- muellera papposa, M. rangei, and four species of Centropodia even though many researchers have included them in molecular studies. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis of 127 species using seven plastid re- gions (rps3, rps16-trnK, rps16, rpl32-trnL, ndhF, ndhA, matK) to infer the evolutionary relationships of Centropodia, M. papposa, and M. rangei with other grasses. Merxmuellera papposa and M. rangei form a clade that is sister to three species of Centropodia, and together they are sister to the remaining tribes in Chloridoideae. We provide the carbon isotope ratios for four species indicating that Merxmuellera papposa and M. rangei are photosynthetically C3, and Centropodia glauca and C. mossamdensis are C4. We present evidence in favor of the expansion of subfamily Chloridoideae to include a new tribe, Centropodieae, which includes two genera, Centropodia and a new genus, Ellisochloa with two species, Ellisochloa papposa and E. rangei. The name Danthonia papposa Nees is lectotypified. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.604014 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-56196 Journal Article Published Version Originally published at: Peterson, P M; Romaschenko, K; Barker, N P; Linder, H P (2011). Centropodieae and Ellisochloa, a new tribe and genus in Chloridoideae (Poaceae).
    [Show full text]
  • Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities in the Soils of Desert Habitats
    microorganisms Article Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities in the Soils of Desert Habitats Martti Vasar 1, John Davison 1 , Siim-Kaarel Sepp 1, Maarja Öpik 1, Mari Moora 1 , Kadri Koorem 1 , Yiming Meng 1,* , Jane Oja 1, Asem A. Akhmetzhanova 2, Saleh Al-Quraishy 3, Vladimir G. Onipchenko 2, Juan J. Cantero 4,5 , Sydney I. Glassman 6 , Wael N. Hozzein 3,7 and Martin Zobel 3,8 1 Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 51005 Tartu, Estonia; [email protected] (M.V.); [email protected] (J.D.); [email protected] (S.-K.S.); [email protected] (M.Ö.); [email protected] (M.M.); [email protected] (K.K.); [email protected] (J.O.) 2 Department of Ecology and Plant Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; [email protected] (A.A.A.); [email protected] (V.G.O.) 3 Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] (S.A.-Q.); [email protected] (W.N.H.); [email protected] (M.Z.) 4 Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CONICET, Córdoba 5000, Argentina; [email protected] 5 Departamento de Biología Agrícola, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto 5804, Argentina 6 Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; [email protected] 7 Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt 8 Department of Botany, University of Tartu, Tartu 51006, Estonia * Correspondence: [email protected] Citation: Vasar, M.; Davison, J.; Sepp, S.-K.; Öpik, M.; Moora, M.; Abstract: Deserts cover a significant proportion of the Earth’s surface and continue to expand as Koorem, K.; Meng, Y.; Oja, J.; a consequence of climate change.
    [Show full text]
  • Chloridoideae Paul M
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Scholarship@Claremont Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 23 | Issue 1 Article 43 2007 Classification and Biogeography of New World Grasses: Chloridoideae Paul M. Peterson National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. J. Travis Columbus Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, California Susan J. Pennington National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons, and the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Recommended Citation Peterson, Paul M.; Columbus, J. Travis; and Pennington, Susan J. (2007) "Classification and Biogeography of New World Grasses: Chloridoideae," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 23: Iss. 1, Article 43. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol23/iss1/43 Aliso 23, pp. 580–594 ᭧ 2007, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden CLASSIFICATION AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF NEW WORLD GRASSES: CHLORIDOIDEAE PAUL M. PETERSON,1,3 J. TRAVIS COLUMBUS,2 AND SUSAN J. PENNINGTON1 1Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, USA; 2Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, 1500 North College Avenue, Claremont, California 91711-3157, USA 3Corresponding author ([email protected]) ABSTRACT Subfamily Chloridoideae (Poaceae) in the New World includes 72 genera (61 native, 11 introduced), 678 species (607 native), and, including intraspecific taxa, 817 total taxa. The five largest genera are Muhlenbergia (147 species), Eragrostis (111), Sporobolus (76), Bouteloua (57), and Chloris (35). Three tribes are recognized in this study: Cynodonteae, Eragrostideae, and Zoysieae, with ten, three, and two subtribes, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • A Molecular Phylogeny and Classification of the Eleusininae with a New Genus, Micrachne (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae)
    TAXON 64 (3) • June 2015: 445–467 Peterson & al. • Phylogeny and classification of the Eleusininae A molecular phylogeny and classification of the Eleusininae with a new genus, Micrachne (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae) Paul M. Peterson,1 Konstantin Romaschenko1,2 & Yolanda Herrera Arrieta3 1 Smithsonian Institution, Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Washington D.C. 20013-7012, U.S.A. 2 M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences, Kiev 01601, Ukraine 3 Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR Unidad Durango-COFAA, Durango, C.P. 34220, Mexico Author for correspondence: Paul M. Peterson, [email protected] ORCID: PMP, http://orcid.org/0000­0001­9405­5528; KR, http://orcid.org/0000­0002­7248­4193 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12705/643.5 Abstract The subtribe Eleusininae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae) is a diverse group containing about 212 species in 31 genera found primarily in low latitudes in Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Americas, and the classification among these genera and species is poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the following 28 Eleusininae genera: Acrachne, Afrotrichloris, Apochiton, Astrebla, Austrochloris, Brachyachne, Chloris, Chrysochloa, Coelachyrum, Cynodon, Daknopholis, Dinebra, Diplachne, Disakisperma, Eleusine, Enteropogon, Eustachys, Harpochloa, Leptochloa, Lepturus, Lintonia, Microchloa, Ochthochloa, Oxychloris, Saugetia, Schoenefeldia, Stapfochloa, and Tetrapogon. The goals of our study were to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the subtribe Eleusininae using molecular data with increased species sampling compared to earlier studies. A phylogenetic analysis was conducted on 402 samples, of which 148 species (342 individuals) were in the Eleusininae, using four plastid (rpl32-trnL spacer, ndhA intron, rps16-trnK spacer, rps16 intron) and nuclear ITS 1 & 2 (ribosomal internal transcribed spacer) sequences to infer evolutionary relationships and revise the classification.
    [Show full text]