Arthur C Clarke
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Simple Experiment Confirming the Negative Temperature Dependence of Gravity Force
SIMPLE EXPERIMENT CONFIRMING THE NEGATIVE TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF GRAVITY FORCE Alexander L. Dmitriev St-Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, 49 Kronverksky Prospect, St-Petersburg, 197101, Russia Results of weighing of the tight vessel containing a thermo-isolated copper sample heated by a tungstic spiral are submitted. The increase of temperature of a sample with masse of 28 g for about 10 0 С causes a reduction of its apparent weight for 0.7 mg. The basic sources of measurement errors are briefly considered, the expediency of researches of temperature dependence of gravity is recognized. Key words: gravity force, weight, temperature, gravity mass. PACS: 04.80-y. Introduction The question on influence of temperature of bodies on the force of their gravitational interaction was already raised from the times when the law of gravitation was formulated. The first exact experiments in this area were carried out at the end of XIXth - the beginning of XXth century with the purpose of checking the consequences of various electromagnetic theories of gravitation (Mi, Weber, Morozov) according to which the force of a gravitational attraction of bodies is increased with the growth of their absolute temperature [1-3]. That period of experimental researches was completed in 1923 by the publication of Shaw and Davy’s work who concluded that the temperature dependence of gravitation forces does not exceed relative value of 2⋅10 −6 K −1 and can be is equal to zero [4]. Actually, as shown in [5], those authors confidently registered the negative temperature dependence of gravitation force. -
Weight and Lifestyle Inventory (Wali)
WEIGHT AND LIFESTYLE INVENTORY (Bariatric Surgery Version) © 2015 Thomas A. Wadden, Ph.D. and Gary D. Foster, Ph.D. 1 The Weight and Lifestyle Inventory (WALI) is designed to obtain information about your weight and dieting histories, your eating and exercise habits, and your relationships with family and friends. Please complete the questionnaire carefully and make your best guess when unsure of the answer. You will have an opportunity to review your answers with a member of our professional staff. Please allow 30-60 minutes to complete this questionnaire. Your answers will help us better identify problem areas and plan your treatment accordingly. The information you provide will become part of your medical record at Penn Medicine and may be shared with members of our treatment team. Thank you for taking the time to complete this questionnaire. SECTION A: IDENTIFYING INFORMATION ______________________________________________________________________________ 1 Name _________________________ __________ _______lbs. ________ft. ______inches 2 Date of Birth 3 Age 4 Weight 5 Height ______________________________________________________________________________ 6 Address ____________________ ________________________ ______________________/_______ yrs. 7 Phone: Cell 8 Phone: Home 9 Occupation/# of yrs. at job __________________________ 10 Today’s Date 11 Highest year of school completed: (Check one.) □ 6 □ 7 □ 8 □ 9 □ 10 □ 11 □ 12 □ 13 □ 14 □ 15 □ 16 □ Masters □ Doctorate Middle School High School College 12 Race (Check all that apply): □ American Indian □ Asian □ African American/Black □ Pacific Islander □White □ Other: ______________ 13 Are you Latino, Hispanic, or of Spanish origin? □ Yes □ No SECTION B: WEIGHT HISTORY 1. At what age were you first overweight by 10 lbs. or more? _______ yrs. old 2. What has been your highest weight after age 21? _______ lbs. -
Arthur C. Clarke Fred Körper, SFGH-Treffen 21.02.2009
SF-Klassiker: Arthur C. Clarke Fred Körper, SFGH-Treffen 21.02.2009 Sir Arthur Charles Clarke (* 16. Dezember 1917 in Minehead, Somerset, England; † 19. März 2008 in Colombo, Sri Lanka) war ein britischer Science-Fiction-Schriftsteller. Durch den Film 2001: Odyssee im Weltraum von Stanley Kubrick, der auf einer Kurzgeschichte Clarkes beruht und dessen Drehbuch Clarke gemeinsam mit Kubrick schrieb, wurde er auch außerhalb der Science-Fiction-Szene bekannt. Clarke gilt als Visionär neuer Technologien, die er außer in Science-Fiction-Romanen und Kurzgeschichten auch in wissenschaftlichen Artikeln beschrieb. 1 Leben 2 Werk 2.1 Romane 2.2 Erzählungen 2.3 Kurzgeschichtensammlungen 2.4 Gemeinschaftswerke 2.5 Autobiografisches 3 Verfilmungen (Auswahl) 4 Clarke'sche Gesetze Leben Arthur Charles Clarke wurde am 16.Dezember 1917 in der Grafschaft Somerset im Südwesten Englands geboren. Von 1927 bis 1936 besuchte er die Huish's Grammar School in Taunton/Somerset und las bereits als Jugendlicher die Werke von H. G. Wells und Olaf Stapledon. Da Clarke aus finanziellen Gründen ein Studium zunächst verwehr blieb, ging er 1936 nach London und arbeitete dort zunächst im Staatsdienst. 1941 trat er als Radaroffizier in die Royal Air Force ein. Diese Erfahrungen liegen dem Roman Glide Path zugrunde. Seine Idee, geostationäre Satelliten zur technischen Kommunikation zu nutzen, die er 1945 unter dem Titel Extra-terrestrial Relays – Can Rocket Stations Give World- wide Radio Coverage? in der wissenschaftlichen Zeitschrift Wireless World veröffentlichte, erlebte 1964 mit dem Saetelliten Syncom 3 ihre Verwirklichung. Ihm zu Ehren wird daher der geostationäre Orbit auch „Clarke Belt“ beziehungsweise „Clarke Orbit“ genannt. Von 1946 bis 1948 studierte er Mathematik und Physik am Londoner King's College. -
Risk Management Plan Snorkeling
OUTER LIMITS ADVENTURE FITNESS RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN SNORKELING Outer Limits Adventure Fitness Sam Stedman 85 Chandler Street, Garbutt 4814 Mobile: 0421 484 211 1 OUTER LIMITS ADVENTURE FITNESS RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN Table of Contents Activity Description 3 Minimum Supervision and Qualifications 3 Minimum activity-specific Equipment/Facilities 4 Standard Operating Procedures 5 Risk Assessment 8 Safety and Emergency Procedures 13 Incident Register 15 Approval 16 2 OUTER LIMITS ADVENTURE FITNESS RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION Details Title: Date: Activity: SNORKELING Details: Number of participants: Age Group: Experience level: Duration of activity: Program Sam Stedman; Outer Limits Adventure Fitness Manager: Activity Leader(s): Client: Snorkeling Snorkeling is a great activity to introduce participants to exploring the beach and ocean. Snorkeling is conducted at sheltered (not open to normal wave/tide/weather action) beach locations. The activity is designed as an entry level with participants learning how to use a snorkel and mask, swimming on the surface of the water (positive buoyancy) to explore ocean environments. This activity may be modified to a land based beach exploration program if conditions are not safe to enter the water. MINIMUM SUPERVISION AND QUALIFICATIONS • 1 instructor and two assistants for up to 20 children • Sufficient leaders with minimum qualifications supervising activity: 1 o Minimum Qualification: Certificate 3 in Outdoor Recreation or nationally recognised qualification as snorkeling/diving guide, or relevant experience in facilitating adventure based learning activities, Bronze Medallion r other relevant water rescue qualification • Sufficient leaders with current First Aid and CPR: 1 MINIMUM ACTIVITY-SPECIFIC EQUIPMENT/FACILITIES • First Aid Kit suitable for activity • Sun Safe equipment: hats, sunscreen, shade structure etc. -
Outer Planets: the Ice Giants
Outer Planets: The Ice Giants A. P. Ingersoll, H. B. Hammel, T. R. Spilker, R. E. Young Exploring Uranus and Neptune satisfies NASA’s objectives, “investigation of the Earth, Moon, Mars and beyond with emphasis on understanding the history of the solar system” and “conduct robotic exploration across the solar system for scientific purposes.” The giant planet story is the story of the solar system (*). Earth and the other small objects are leftovers from the feast of giant planet formation. As they formed, the giant planets may have migrated inward or outward, ejecting some objects from the solar system and swallowing others. The giant planets most likely delivered water and other volatiles, in the form of icy planetesimals, to the inner solar system from the region around Neptune. The “gas giants” Jupiter and Saturn are mostly hydrogen and helium. These planets must have swallowed a portion of the solar nebula intact. The “ice giants” Uranus and Neptune are made primarily of heavier stuff, probably the next most abundant elements in the Sun – oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur. For each giant planet the core is the “seed” around which it accreted nebular gas. The ice giants may be more seed than gas. Giant planets are laboratories in which to test our theories about geophysics, plasma physics, meteorology, and even oceanography in a larger context. Their bottomless atmospheres, with 1000 mph winds and 100 year-old storms, teach us about weather on Earth. The giant planets’ enormous magnetic fields and intense radiation belts test our theories of terrestrial and solar electromagnetic phenomena. -
Supervised Dive
EFFECTIVE 1 March 2009 MINIMUM COURSE CONTENT FOR Supervised Diver Certifi cation As Approved By ©2009, Recreational Scuba Training Council, Inc. (RSTC) Recreational Scuba Training Council, Inc. RSTC Coordinator P.O. Box 11083 Jacksonville, FL 32239 USA Recreational Scuba Training Council (RSTC) Minimum Course Content for Supervised Diver Certifi cation 1. Scope and Purpose This standard provides minimum course content requirements for instruction leading to super- vised diver certifi cation in recreational diving with scuba (self-contained underwater breathing appa- ratus). The intent of the standard is to prepare a non diver to the point that he can enjoy scuba diving in open water under controlled conditions—that is, under the supervision of a diving professional (instructor or certifi ed assistant – see defi nitions) and to a limited depth. These requirements do not defi ne full, autonomous certifi cation and should not be confused with Open Water Scuba Certifi cation. (See Recreational Scuba Training Council Minimum Course Content for Open Water Scuba Certifi ca- tion.) The Supervised Diver Certifi cation Standards are a subset of the Open Water Scuba Certifi cation standards. Moreover, as part of the supervised diver course content, supervised divers are informed of the limitations of the certifi cation and urged to continue their training to obtain open water diver certifi - cation. Within the scope of supervised diver training, the requirements of this standard are meant to be com- prehensive, but general in nature. That is, the standard presents all the subject areas essential for su- pervised diver certifi cation, but it does not give a detailed listing of the skills and information encom- passed by each area. -
Volume 3, Number 3, November 2014
THE STAR THE NEWSLETTER OF THE MOUNT CUBA ASTRONOMICAL GROUP VOL. 3 NUM. 3 CONTACT US AT DAVE GROSKI [email protected] OR HANK BOUCHELLE [email protected] 302-983-7830 OUR PROGRAMS ARE HELD THE SECOND TUESDAY OF EACH MONTH AT 7:30 P.M. UNLESS INDICATED OTHERWISE MOUNT CUBA ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORY 1610 HILLSIDE MILL ROAD GREENVILLE DE. FOR DIRECTIONS PLEASE VISIT www.mountcuba.org PLEASE SEND ALL PHOTOS AND ARTICLES TO [email protected] 1 NOVEMBER MEETING TUESDAY THE 11TH 7:30 p.m. OCTOBER MEETING REVIEW: Dave Groski gave a presentation on the Spilhaus Space Clock. This is such an interesting devise that I shall cover it in more detail under the Points of Interest section of the STAR. Dr. Hank Bouchelle once again gave a truly informative talk on not one but several topics related to Astronomy and Physics in general. Since he covered such a varied group of topics, I shall also cover them in the Points of Interest section. Phenomena: Knock! Knock! Is Anyone home? Hank Bouchelle Cinematic depictions of the events accompanying an alien visit are almost uniformly dire. Alien intentions are almost always destructive, deadly, or intended to enslave. They destroy entire populations, and unleash weapons that easily turn Earth to dust. Reports of personal interactions with aliens frequently relate queasy adventures in proctology. It is a bit strange, then, that many people, especially among the scientific community, spare no effort or cost to detect alien messages or the electronic fingerprint of signals that are not produced by the nature. -
Reef Check Australia
Reef Check Australia Snorkel-Dive Policy & Procedures Reef Check Foundation Ltd www.reefcheckaustralia.org April 2013 Contents 1. Overview 2. Snorkel-diver Requirements 2.1 General Requirements 2.2 Snorkel Surveyor Course Participants 2.3 Snorkel Surveyor 2.4 Team Leader 2.5 Reef Check Trainer 3. Fitness Requirements 4. Snorkel-dive Planning 4.1 Risk and Hazard Assessment 4.2 Emergency Response Plan 5. Equipment 6. Snorkelling Procedures 6.1 Snorkel Dive Guidelines 6.2 Supervision of Snorkel-Dive Activities 6.3 Safety Briefing 6.4 Surface Watch 6.5 Dive Flags 6.6 Head Counts 7. RCA Snorkel Diver’s Responsibilities 7.1 Pro-active safety 7.2 Buddy Distance 1. Overview Reef Check Australia (RCA) snorkel diving activities are activities performed for the purpose of community-based, natural resource monitoring activities. The purpose of this document is to provide the standard requirements for snorkel-diving activities performed under the auspices of RCA. It should be read carefully by every RCA snorkel-diving activity participant, as there are responsibilities placed upon participants to ensure that they snorkel-dive safely. The contents of this policy apply to all people who carry out snorkel-diving activities under the auspices of Reef Check Australia. This includes people who take part in; a recognised Reef Check Australia programme of training, a recognised Reef Check Australia survey activity and collaboration activities with outside agencies. Reef Check Australia is committed to a high standard of Work Place Health and Safety. The safety of RCA volunteers and employees is our number one priority. 2. Snorkel Diver Requirements Snorkel-divers must be reasonable swimmers and observe common sense rules regarding boating and swimming safety. -
Alien Moons Could Bake Dry from Young Gas Giants' Hot Glow 10 March 2014, by Adam Hadhazy
Alien moons could bake dry from young gas giants' hot glow 10 March 2014, by Adam Hadhazy scenarios because they orbit another body besides their star. A new paper by Heller and his colleague Rory Barnes of the University of Washington and the NASA Virtual Planetary Laboratory examines how heat emanating from a freshly formed exoplanet, coupled with irradiation from the solar system's star, can roast the planet's moons. Before the planet cools off sufficiently, its close-orbiting moons could lose all their water, leaving them bone-dry and barren. "An exomoon's habitability is of course constrained by its location in the stellar habitable zone, but it also has a second heat source—its host planet—that has to be accounted for," said Heller, whose paper An Earthlike moon orbiting a gas giant host planet. has been accepted for publication in The Credit: NASA International Journal of Astrobiology. "With regard to this second source, our study shows that at close range, the illumination from young and hot giant planets can render their moons uninhabitable." When we think of where else life might exist in the universe, we tend to focus on planets. But on a Researchers believe moons could serve as suitable grander cosmic scale, moons could prove the more abodes for life just as well as planets. Even moons common life-friendly abode. far beyond the habitable zone, such as Jupiter's Europa and Saturn's Titan, offer tantalizing hints of A single gas giant planet in the not-too-warm, not- potential habitability thanks to the subsurface too-cold habitable zone around its star—where ocean in the former and the intriguing organic Earth and Mars correspondingly reside—could host chemistry of the latter. -
Constructing the Solar System: a Smashing Success
Constructing the Solar System: A Smashing Success A Star is Born Thomas M. Davison Department of the Geophysical Sciences Compton Lecture Series October 6, 2012 T. M. Davison Constructing the Solar System Compton Lectures { Autumn 2012 1 Today's lecture 1 An overview of the Compton Lecture Series 2 A tour of the Solar System 3 Physical properties of the Solar System What can they tell us about the Solar System's formation? 4 How was our star born? The nebula hypothesis of star formation Images courtesy of NASA T. M. Davison Constructing the Solar System Compton Lectures { Autumn 2012 2 Part 1: Introduction to the lecture series Image courtesy of NASA T. M. Davison Constructing the Solar System Compton Lectures { Autumn 2012 3 Constructing the Solar System ... How did the Sun, the planets and the asteroids form? What were their histories like? One process dominates throughout Solar System history: Collisions Growth of asteroids and planets Formation of the Moon Extinction of the dinosaurs After such a violent history, we now have a habitable planet Which you could call: ... A Smashing Success! Images Courtesy of NASA T. M. Davison Constructing the Solar System Compton Lectures { Autumn 2012 4 My day job: Making an impact Computer simulations of collisions between planetesimals Simulations by T. Davison T. M. Davison Constructing the Solar System Compton Lectures { Autumn 2012 5 Compton Lecture Series Schedule 1 10/06/12 A Star is Born 2 10/13/12* Making Planetesimals: the building blocks of planets 3 10/20/12* Guest Lecturer: Mac Cathles 4 10/27/12 Asteroids, Comets and Meteorites: 10/27/12 our eyes in the early Solar System 5 11/03/12 Building the Planets 6 11/10/12 When Asteroids Collide 7 11/17/12 Making Things Hot: The thermal effects of collisions 11/24/12 No lecture: Thanksgiving weekend 8 12/01/12 Constructing the Moon 12/08/12 No lecture: Physics with a Bang! 9 12/15/12 Impact Earth: Chicxulub and other terrestrial impacts T. -
Pseudoscience and Science Fiction Science and Fiction
Andrew May Pseudoscience and Science Fiction Science and Fiction Editorial Board Mark Alpert Philip Ball Gregory Benford Michael Brotherton Victor Callaghan Amnon H Eden Nick Kanas Geoffrey Landis Rudi Rucker Dirk Schulze-Makuch Ru€diger Vaas Ulrich Walter Stephen Webb Science and Fiction – A Springer Series This collection of entertaining and thought-provoking books will appeal equally to science buffs, scientists and science-fiction fans. It was born out of the recognition that scientific discovery and the creation of plausible fictional scenarios are often two sides of the same coin. Each relies on an understanding of the way the world works, coupled with the imaginative ability to invent new or alternative explanations—and even other worlds. Authored by practicing scientists as well as writers of hard science fiction, these books explore and exploit the borderlands between accepted science and its fictional counterpart. Uncovering mutual influences, promoting fruitful interaction, narrating and analyzing fictional scenarios, together they serve as a reaction vessel for inspired new ideas in science, technology, and beyond. Whether fiction, fact, or forever undecidable: the Springer Series “Science and Fiction” intends to go where no one has gone before! Its largely non-technical books take several different approaches. Journey with their authors as they • Indulge in science speculation—describing intriguing, plausible yet unproven ideas; • Exploit science fiction for educational purposes and as a means of promoting critical thinking; • Explore the interplay of science and science fiction—throughout the history of the genre and looking ahead; • Delve into related topics including, but not limited to: science as a creative process, the limits of science, interplay of literature and knowledge; • Tell fictional short stories built around well-defined scientific ideas, with a supplement summarizing the science underlying the plot. -
Ideal Gasses Is Known As the Ideal Gas Law
ESCI 341 – Atmospheric Thermodynamics Lesson 4 –Ideal Gases References: An Introduction to Atmospheric Thermodynamics, Tsonis Introduction to Theoretical Meteorology, Hess Physical Chemistry (4th edition), Levine Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics, Callen IDEAL GASES An ideal gas is a gas with the following properties: There are no intermolecular forces, except during collisions. All collisions are elastic. The individual gas molecules have no volume (they behave like point masses). The equation of state for ideal gasses is known as the ideal gas law. The ideal gas law was discovered empirically, but can also be derived theoretically. The form we are most familiar with, pV nRT . Ideal Gas Law (1) R has a value of 8.3145 J-mol1-K1, and n is the number of moles (not molecules). A true ideal gas would be monatomic, meaning each molecule is comprised of a single atom. Real gasses in the atmosphere, such as O2 and N2, are diatomic, and some gasses such as CO2 and O3 are triatomic. Real atmospheric gasses have rotational and vibrational kinetic energy, in addition to translational kinetic energy. Even though the gasses that make up the atmosphere aren’t monatomic, they still closely obey the ideal gas law at the pressures and temperatures encountered in the atmosphere, so we can still use the ideal gas law. FORM OF IDEAL GAS LAW MOST USED BY METEOROLOGISTS In meteorology we use a modified form of the ideal gas law. We first divide (1) by volume to get n p RT . V we then multiply the RHS top and bottom by the molecular weight of the gas, M, to get Mn R p T .